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Mutchler SM, Hasan M, Murphy CP, Baty CJ, Boyd-Shiwarski C, Kirabo A, Kleyman TR. Dietary sodium alters aldosterone's effect on renal sodium transporter expression and distal convoluted tubule remodelling. J Physiol 2024; 602:967-987. [PMID: 38294810 PMCID: PMC10939779 DOI: 10.1113/jp284041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone is responsible for maintaining volume and potassium homeostasis. Although high salt consumption should suppress aldosterone production, individuals with hyperaldosteronism lose this regulation, leading to a state of high aldosterone despite dietary sodium consumption. The present study examines the effects of elevated aldosterone, with or without high salt consumption, on the expression of key Na+ transporters and remodelling in the distal nephron. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) α-subunit expression was increased with aldosterone regardless of Na+ intake. However, ENaC β- and γ-subunits unexpectedly increased at both a transcript and protein level with aldosterone when high salt was present. Expression of total and phosphorylated Na+ Cl- cotransporter (NCC) significantly increased with aldosterone, in association with decreased blood [K+ ], but the addition of high salt markedly attenuated the aldosterone-dependent NCC increase, despite equally severe hypokalaemia. We hypothesized this was a result of differences in distal convoluted tubule length when salt was given with aldosterone. Imaging and measurement of the entire pNCC-positive tubule revealed that aldosterone alone caused a shortening of this segment, although the tubule had a larger cross-sectional diameter. This was not true when salt was given with aldosterone because the combination was associated with a lengthening of the tubule in addition to increased diameter, suggesting that differences in the pNCC-positive area are not responsible for differences in NCC expression. Together, our results suggest the actions of aldosterone, and the subsequent changes related to hypokalaemia, are altered in the presence of high dietary Na+ . KEY POINTS: Aldosterone regulates volume and potassium homeostasis through effects on transporters in the kidney; its production can be dysregulated, preventing its suppression by high dietary sodium intake. Here, we examined how chronic high sodium consumption affects aldosterone's regulation of sodium transporters in the distal nephron. Our results suggest that high sodium consumption with aldosterone is associated with increased expression of all three epithelial sodium channel subunits, rather than just the alpha subunit. Aldosterone and its associated decrease in blood [K+ ] lead to an increased expression of Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC); the addition of high sodium consumption with aldosterone partially attenuates this NCC expression, despite similarly low blood [K+ ]. Upstream kinase regulators and tubule remodelling do not explain these results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carolyn P Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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2
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Nickerson AJ, Mutchler SM, Sheng S, Cox NA, Ray EC, Kashlan OB, Carattino MD, Marciszyn AL, Winfrey A, Gingras S, Kirabo A, Hughey RP, Kleyman TR. Mice lacking γENaC palmitoylation sites maintain benzamil-sensitive Na+ transport despite reduced channel activity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e172051. [PMID: 37707951 PMCID: PMC10721255 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) control extracellular fluid volume by facilitating Na+ absorption across transporting epithelia. In vitro studies showed that Cys-palmitoylation of the γENaC subunit is a major regulator of channel activity. We tested whether γ subunit palmitoylation sites are necessary for channel function in vivo by generating mice lacking the palmitoylated cysteines (γC33A,C41A) using CRISPR/Cas9 technology. ENaCs in dissected kidney tubules from γC33A,C41A mice had reduced open probability compared with wild-type (WT) littermates maintained on either standard or Na+-deficient diets. Male mutant mice also had higher aldosterone levels than WT littermates following Na+ restriction. However, γC33A,C41A mice did not have reduced amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents in the distal colon or benzamil-induced natriuresis compared to WT mice. We identified a second, larger conductance cation channel in the distal nephron with biophysical properties distinct from ENaC. The activity of this channel was higher in Na+-restricted γC33A,C41A versus WT mice and was blocked by benzamil, providing a possible compensatory mechanism for reduced prototypic ENaC function. We conclude that γ subunit palmitoylation sites are required for prototypic ENaC activity in vivo but are not necessary for amiloride/benzamil-sensitive Na+ transport in the distal nephron or colon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ossama B. Kashlan
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology
| | | | | | | | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- Department of Medicine
- Department of Cell Biology, and
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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3
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Sukhoplyasova M, Keith AM, Perrault EM, Vorndran HE, Jordahl AS, Yates ME, Pastor A, Li Z, Freaney ML, Deshpande RA, Adams DB, Guerriero CJ, Shi S, Kleyman TR, Kashlan OB, Brodsky JL, Buck TM. Lhs1 dependent ERAD is determined by transmembrane domain context. Biochem J 2023; 480:1459-1473. [PMID: 37702403 PMCID: PMC11040695 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Transmembrane proteins have unique requirements to fold and integrate into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane. Most notably, transmembrane proteins must fold in three separate environments: extracellular domains fold in the oxidizing environment of the ER lumen, transmembrane domains (TMDs) fold within the lipid bilayer, and cytosolic domains fold in the reducing environment of the cytosol. Moreover, each region is acted upon by a unique set of chaperones and monitored by components of the ER associated quality control machinery that identify misfolded domains in each compartment. One factor is the ER lumenal Hsp70-like chaperone, Lhs1. Our previous work established that Lhs1 is required for the degradation of the unassembled α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (αENaC), but not the homologous β- and γENaC subunits. However, assembly of the ENaC heterotrimer blocked the Lhs1-dependent ER associated degradation (ERAD) of the α-subunit, yet the characteristics that dictate the specificity of Lhs1-dependent ERAD substrates remained unclear. We now report that Lhs1-dependent substrates share a unique set of features. First, all Lhs1 substrates appear to be unglycosylated, and second they contain two TMDs. Each substrate also contains orphaned or unassembled TMDs. Additionally, interfering with inter-subunit assembly of the ENaC trimer results in Lhs1-dependent degradation of the entire complex. Finally, our work suggests that Lhs1 is required for a subset of ERAD substrates that also require the Hrd1 ubiquitin ligase. Together, these data provide hints as to the identities of as-yet unconfirmed substrates of Lhs1 and potentially of the Lhs1 homolog in mammals, GRP170.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sukhoplyasova
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Abigail M. Keith
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Emma M. Perrault
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Hannah E. Vorndran
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Alexa S. Jordahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Megan E. Yates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Ashutosh Pastor
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Zachary Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Michael L. Freaney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Riddhi A. Deshpande
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - David B. Adams
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | | | - Shujie Shi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Ossama B. Kashlan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey L. Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Teresa M. Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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4
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Johnston JG, Welch AK, Cain BD, Sayeski PP, Gumz ML, Wingo CS. Aldosterone: Renal Action and Physiological Effects. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4409-4491. [PMID: 36994769 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts profound effects on renal and cardiovascular physiology. In the kidney, aldosterone acts to preserve electrolyte and acid-base balance in response to changes in dietary sodium (Na+ ) or potassium (K+ ) intake. These physiological actions, principally through activation of mineralocorticoid receptors (MRs), have important effects particularly in patients with renal and cardiovascular disease as demonstrated by multiple clinical trials. Multiple factors, be they genetic, humoral, dietary, or otherwise, can play a role in influencing the rate of aldosterone synthesis and secretion from the adrenal cortex. Normally, aldosterone secretion and action respond to dietary Na+ intake. In the kidney, the distal nephron and collecting duct are the main targets of aldosterone and MR action, which stimulates Na+ absorption in part via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), the principal channel responsible for the fine-tuning of Na+ balance. Our understanding of the regulatory factors that allow aldosterone, via multiple signaling pathways, to function properly clearly implicates this hormone as central to many pathophysiological effects that become dysfunctional in disease states. Numerous pathologies that affect blood pressure (BP), electrolyte balance, and overall cardiovascular health are due to abnormal secretion of aldosterone, mutations in MR, ENaC, or effectors and modulators of their action. Study of the mechanisms of these pathologies has allowed researchers and clinicians to create novel dietary and pharmacological targets to improve human health. This article covers the regulation of aldosterone synthesis and secretion, receptors, effector molecules, and signaling pathways that modulate its action in the kidney. We also consider the role of aldosterone in disease and the benefit of mineralocorticoid antagonists. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4409-4491, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jermaine G Johnston
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter P Sayeski
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Nephrology Section, Veteran Administration Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Malcom Randall Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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5
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Palmer LG. How Does Aldosterone Work? KIDNEY360 2023; 4:131-133. [PMID: 36821603 PMCID: PMC10103331 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence G Palmer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Correspondence: Dr. Lawrence G. Palmer, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave., Room C-501 C. New York, NY 10065.
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6
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Frindt G, Meyerson JR, Satty A, Scandura JM, Palmer LG. Expression of ENaC subunits in epithelia. J Gen Physiol 2022; 154:213382. [PMID: 35939271 PMCID: PMC9387651 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202213124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) is a heterotrimeric protein whose assembly, trafficking, and function are highly regulated. To better understand the biogenesis and activation of the channel, we quantified the expression of individual subunits of ENaC in rat kidneys and colon using calibrated Western blots. The estimated abundance for the three subunits differed by an order of magnitude with the order γENaC ∼ βENaC ≫ αENaC in both organs. Transcript abundance in the kidney, measured with digital-drop PCR and RNAseq, was similar for the three subunits. In both organs, the calculated protein expression of all subunits was much larger than that required to account for maximal Na+ currents measured in these cells, implying a large excess of subunit protein. Whole-kidney biotinylation indicated that at least 5% of β and γ subunits in the kidney and 3% in the colon were expressed on the surface under conditions of salt restriction, which maximizes ENaC-dependent Na+ transport. This indicates a 10- to 100-fold excess of βENaC and γENaC subunits at the surface relative to the requirement for channel activity. We conclude that these epithelia make much more ENaC protein than is required for the physiological function of the channel. This could facilitate rapid regulation of the channels at the cell surface by insuring a large population of inactive, recruitable subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Frindt
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Joel R. Meyerson
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Alexandra Satty
- Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Lawrence G. Palmer
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY,Correspondence to Lawrence G. Palmer:
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7
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Abstract
The Epithelial Na+ Channel, ENaC, comprised of 3 subunits (αβγ, or sometimes δβγENaC), plays a critical role in regulating salt and fluid homeostasis in the body. It regulates fluid reabsorption into the blood stream from the kidney to control blood volume and pressure, fluid absorption in the lung to control alveolar fluid clearance at birth and maintenance of normal airway surface liquid throughout life, and fluid absorption in the distal colon and other epithelial tissues. Moreover, recent studies have also revealed a role for sodium movement via ENaC in nonepithelial cells/tissues, such as endothelial cells in blood vessels and neurons. Over the past 25 years, major advances have been made in our understanding of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease. These include the recently solved three-dimensional structure of ENaC, ENaC function in various tissues, and mutations in ENaC that cause a hereditary form of hypertension (Liddle syndrome), salt-wasting hypotension (PHA1), or polymorphism in ENaC that contributes to other diseases (such as cystic fibrosis). Moreover, great strides have been made in deciphering the regulation of ENaC by hormones (e.g., the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, glucocorticoids, vasopressin), ions (e.g., Na+ ), proteins (e.g., the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4-2, the kinases SGK1, AKT, AMPK, WNKs & mTORC2, and proteases), and posttranslational modifications [e.g., (de)ubiquitylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation, acetylation, palmitoylation]. Characterization of ENaC structure, function, regulation, and role in human disease, including using animal models, are described in this article, with a special emphasis on recent advances in the field. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:1-29, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rotin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, and The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Olivier Staub
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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8
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Sholokh A, Klussmann E. Local cyclic adenosine monophosphate signalling cascades-Roles and targets in chronic kidney disease. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13641. [PMID: 33660401 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly understood and treatment options are limited, a situation underpinning the need for elucidating the causative molecular mechanisms and for identifying innovative treatment options. It is emerging that cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signalling occurs in defined cellular compartments within nanometre dimensions in processes whose dysregulation is associated with CKD. cAMP compartmentalization is tightly controlled by a specific set of proteins, including A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) and phosphodiesterases (PDEs). AKAPs such as AKAP18, AKAP220, AKAP-Lbc and STUB1, and PDE4 coordinate arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-induced water reabsorption by collecting duct principal cells. However, hyperactivation of the AVP system is associated with kidney damage and CKD. Podocyte injury involves aberrant AKAP signalling. cAMP signalling in immune cells can be local and slow the progression of inflammatory processes typical for CKD. A major risk factor of CKD is hypertension. cAMP directs the release of the blood pressure regulator, renin, from juxtaglomerular cells, and plays a role in Na+ reabsorption through ENaC, NKCC2 and NCC in the kidney. Mutations in the cAMP hydrolysing PDE3A that cause lowering of cAMP lead to hypertension. Another major risk factor of CKD is diabetes mellitus. AKAP18 and AKAP150 and several PDEs are involved in insulin release. Despite the increasing amount of data, an understanding of functions of compartmentalized cAMP signalling with relevance for CKD is fragmentary. Uncovering functions will improve the understanding of physiological processes and identification of disease-relevant aberrations may guide towards new therapeutic concepts for the treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Sholokh
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
| | - Enno Klussmann
- Max‐Delbrück‐Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) Helmholtz Association Berlin Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research) Berlin Germany
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9
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Shabbir W, Topcagic N, Aufy M. Activation of autosomal recessive Pseudohypoaldosteronism1 ENaC with aldosterone. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 901:174090. [PMID: 33831414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid hormone aldosterone stimulates sodium reabsorption in the collecting ducts by increasing the activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Being a rate-liming channel the loss of function mutations caused Pseudohypoaldosteronism 1 (PHA1). Despite elevated plasma aldosterone in PHA 1 patients the modulation of PHA 1 causing ENaC mutants with hormone has never been studied. After recording control ENaC current in PHA1 causing ENaC stop codon mutants we demonstrated the activation of aldosterone in the whole cell as well as single channel patch clamp assays. Single channel recoding experiments demonstrated that aldosterone can increase the open probability of all analyzed PHA 1 stop codon mutants and WT. Additionally, we demonstrated by western blot experiments that aldosterone can increase the expression of WT and PHA 1 stop codon mutants. Extensive whole cell patch clamp experiments demonstrated that C-terminal γ ENaC domain is necessary for aldosterone to activate whole cell current in HEK-293 cells. This novel finding of γ ENaC C-terminus dependent activation of whole cell current by aldosterone could alter our understanding of ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron (ASDN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Shabbir
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Nermina Topcagic
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammed Aufy
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Increased colonic K + excretion through inhibition of the H,K-ATPase type 2 helps reduce plasma K + level in a murine model of nephronic reduction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1833. [PMID: 33469051 PMCID: PMC7815745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81388-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperkalemia is frequently observed in patients at the end-stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and has possible harmful consequences on cardiac function. Many strategies are currently used to manage hyperkalemia, one consisting of increasing fecal K+ excretion through the administration of cation-exchange resins. In this study, we explored another more specific method of increasing intestinal K+ secretion by inhibiting the H,K-ATPase type 2 (HKA2), which is the main colonic K+ reabsorptive pathway. We hypothetised that the absence of this pump could impede the increase of plasma K+ levels following nephronic reduction (N5/6) by favoring fecal K+ secretion. In N5/6 WT and HKA2KO mice under normal K+ intake, the plasma K+ level remained within the normal range, however, a load of K+ induced strong hyperkalemia in N5/6 WT mice (9.1 ± 0.5 mM), which was significantly less pronounced in N5/6 HKA2KO mice (7.9 ± 0.4 mM, p < 0.01). This was correlated to a higher capacity of HKA2KO mice to excrete K+ in their feces. The absence of HKA2 also increased fecal Na+ excretion by inhibiting its colonic ENaC-dependent absorption. We also showed that angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor like enalapril, used to treat hypertension during CKD, induced a less severe hyperkalemia in N5/6 HKA2KO than in N5/6 WT mice. This study therefore provides the proof of concept that the targeted inhibition of HKA2 could be a specific therapeutic maneuver to reduce plasma K+ levels in CKD patients.
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11
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Sodium Imbalance in Mice Results Primarily in Compensatory Gene Regulatory Responses in Kidney and Colon, but Not in Taste Tissue. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040995. [PMID: 32260115 PMCID: PMC7230584 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal excretion and sodium appetite provide the basis for sodium homeostasis. In both the kidney and tongue, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is involved in sodium uptake and sensing. The diuretic drug amiloride is known to block ENaC, producing a mild natriuresis. However, amiloride is further reported to induce salt appetite in rodents after prolonged exposure as well as bitter taste impressions in humans. To examine how dietary sodium content and amiloride impact on sodium appetite, mice were subjected to dietary salt and amiloride intervention and subsequently analyzed for ENaC expression and taste reactivity. We observed substantial changes of ENaC expression in the colon and kidney confirming the role of these tissues for sodium homeostasis, whereas effects on lingual ENaC expression and taste preferences were negligible. In comparison, prolonged exposure to amiloride-containing drinking water affected β- and αENaC expression in fungiform and posterior taste papillae, respectively, next to changes in salt taste. However, amiloride did not only change salt taste sensation but also perception of sucrose, glutamate, and citric acid, which might be explained by the fact that amiloride itself activates bitter taste receptors in mice. Accordingly, exposure to amiloride generally affects taste impression and should be evaluated with care.
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12
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Thomas W, Dooley R, Quinn S, Robles MY, Harvey BJ. Protein kinase D2 regulates epithelial sodium channel activity and aldosterone non-genomic responses in renal cortical collecting duct cells. Steroids 2020; 155:108553. [PMID: 31836481 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.108553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D2 (PKD2) is a serine/threonine protein kinase which plays an important role in vesicle fission at the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to coordinate subcellular trafficking with gene expression. We found that in the rat kidney, PKD2 is specifically expressed in collecting duct principal cells predominantly at the apical membrane and with lower basal expression in cytosolic compartments. When rats were maintained on a Na+ depleted diet (<0.87 mmol Na+/kg) to increase plasma aldosterone levels, PKD2 became internalized to a cytoplasmic compartment. Treatment of murine M1 cortical collecting duct (M1-CCD) cells with aldosterone (10 nM) promoted PKD2 co-localization with the trans-Golgi network within 30 min. PKD2 underwent autophosphorylation at Ser876 within 10 min of aldosterone treatment and remained phosphorylated (active) for at least 24 h. A stable PKD2 shRNA knock-down (PKD2 KD) M1-CCD cell line was developed to study the role of PKD2 in epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) trafficking and transepithelial Na+ transport (SCC) in epithelial monolayers grown in Ussing chambers. The PKD2 KD cells developed transepithelial resistance with kinetics equivalent to wild-type cells, however the transepithelial voltage and Na+ current were significantly elevated in PKD2 knock-down CCD epithelia. The higher basal SCC was due to increased ENaC activity. Aldosterone treatment for 24 h resulted in a decline in ENaC activity in the PKD2 KD cells as opposed to the increase observed in the wild-type cells. The paradoxical inhibition of SCC by aldosterone in PKD2 KD epithelium was attributed to a reduction in ENaC current and lower membrane abundance of ENaC, demonstrating that PKD2 plays a critical tonic role in ENaC trafficking and channel subunit stability. The rapid activation of PKD2 by aldosterone is synergistic with the transcriptional activity of MR and contributes to increased ENaC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Thomas
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Block D MAEPS, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruth Dooley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Sinead Quinn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Manuel Yusef Robles
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, RCSI Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centro di Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile.
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13
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Zachar R, Mikkelsen MK, Skjødt K, Marcussen N, Zamani R, Jensen BL, Svenningsen P. The epithelial Na+ channel α- and γ-subunits are cleaved at predicted furin-cleavage sites, glycosylated and membrane associated in human kidney. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:1383-1396. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Schewe J, Seidel E, Forslund S, Marko L, Peters J, Muller DN, Fahlke C, Stölting G, Scholl U. Elevated aldosterone and blood pressure in a mouse model of familial hyperaldosteronism with ClC-2 mutation. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5155. [PMID: 31727896 PMCID: PMC6856192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gain-of-function mutations in the chloride channel ClC-2 were recently described as a cause of familial hyperaldosteronism type II (FH-II). Here, we report the generation of a mouse model carrying a missense mutation homologous to the most common FH-II-associated CLCN2 mutation. In these Clcn2R180Q/+ mice, adrenal morphology is normal, but Cyp11b2 expression and plasma aldosterone levels are elevated. Male Clcn2R180Q/+ mice have increased aldosterone:renin ratios as well as elevated blood pressure levels. The counterpart knockout model (Clcn2−/−), in contrast, requires elevated renin levels to maintain normal aldosterone levels. Adrenal slices of Clcn2R180Q/+ mice show increased calcium oscillatory activity. Together, our work provides a knockin mouse model with a mild form of primary aldosteronism, likely due to increased chloride efflux and depolarization. We demonstrate a role of ClC-2 in normal aldosterone production beyond the observed pathophysiology. Mutations in the chloride channel ClC-2 have been associated with familial forms of hyperaldosteronism. Here, Schewe et al. generated a mouse model carrying the most common mutation found in patients and find it recapitulates key features of the disease, providing a unique tool for future studies on its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schewe
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Föhrer Str. 15, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eric Seidel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Föhrer Str. 15, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofia Forslund
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, 13125, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lajos Marko
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, 13125, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Peters
- Department of Physiology, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 15a, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dominik N Muller
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Lindenberger Weg 80, Berlin, 13125, Germany.,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Fahlke
- Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Gabriel Stölting
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Föhrer Str. 15, Berlin, 13353, Germany.,Institute of Complex Systems, Zelluläre Biophysik (ICS-4), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ute Scholl
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany. .,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Föhrer Str. 15, Berlin, 13353, Germany. .,Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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15
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Ware AW, Rasulov SR, Cheung TT, Lott JS, McDonald FJ. Membrane trafficking pathways regulating the epithelial Na + channel. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F1-F13. [PMID: 31657249 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00277.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal Na+ reabsorption, facilitated by the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), is subject to multiple forms of control to ensure optimal body blood volume and pressure through altering both the ENaC population and activity at the cell surface. Here, the focus is on regulating the number of ENaCs present in the apical membrane domain through pathways of ENaC synthesis and targeting to the apical membrane as well as ENaC removal, recycling, and degradation. Finally, the mechanisms by which ENaC trafficking pathways are regulated are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Ware
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sahib R Rasulov
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tanya T Cheung
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - J Shaun Lott
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fiona J McDonald
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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16
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Mihailidou AS, Tzakos AG, Ashton AW. Non-Genomic Effects of Aldosterone. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2019; 109:133-149. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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17
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Boggula VR, Hanukoglu I, Sagiv R, Enuka Y, Hanukoglu A. Expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in the endometrium - Implications for fertility in a patient with pseudohypoaldosteronism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:137-141. [PMID: 29885352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (PHA) is a syndrome of unresponsiveness to aldosterone. The severe form of this disease results from mutations in the genes that encode for the epithelial sodium channel subunits, SCNN1A, SCNN1B, and SCNN1G. A PHA patient under our care failed to conceive after many years and IVF trials. Our earlier studies had shown that ENaC is expressed in the female reproductive tract. We hypothesized that a defective ENaC expression may be responsible for the infertility of the patient. To test this hypothesis we examined ENaC expression in endometrial Pipelle biopsy samples from three healthy women and the PHA patient with an Arg508X mutation in the SCNN1A gene. The formalin fixed samples were reacted with anti-ENaCA (alpha subunit) antisera, followed by secondary antibodies to visualize ENaC expression by immunofluorescence. Confocal microscopy imaging of the samples showed strong ENaC immunofluorescence along the luminal border (apical membrane) of the epithelial cells in Pipelle samples from healthy women. In contrast, none of the samples from the PHA patient showed ENaC immunofluorescence. The Arg508X mutation interrupts the transport of ENaC subunits to the cell surface, yet it would not be expected to disrupt ENaC localization in the cytoplasm. In contrast to endometrium where ENaC is localized in the apical membrane of the epithelial cells, in keratinocytes ENaC is expressed in cytoplasmic pools. Therefore, we examined ENaC immunofluorescence in plucked hair follicles. As expected, ENaC immunofluorescence was detected in the cytoplasm of keratinocytes of both normal and PHA samples. Our results support the hypothesis that lack of expression of ENaC on the endometrial surface may be responsible for the infertility of the PHA patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ron Sagiv
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel
| | - Yehoshua Enuka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Aaron Hanukoglu
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel.
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18
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Mills NJ, Sharma K, Haque M, Moore M, Teruyama R. Aldosterone Mediated Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) Subunits in the Rat Hypothalamus. Neuroscience 2018; 390:278-292. [PMID: 30195057 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) in the brain plays a significant role in the development of hypertension. ENaC is present in vasopressin (VP) neurons in the hypothalamus, suggesting that ENaC in VP neurons is involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Our recent study demonstrated that high dietary salt intake caused an increase in the expression and activity of ENaC that were responsible for the more depolarized basal membrane potential in VP neurons. A known regulator of ENaC expression, the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), is present in VP neurons, suggesting that ENaC expression in VP neurons is regulated by aldosterone. In this study, the effects of aldosterone and corticosterone on ENaC were examined in acute hypothalamic slices. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that aldosterone and corticosterone treatment resulted in a significant increase in the expression of γENaC, but not α- or βENaC, and that this expression was attenuated by MR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonists. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that the aldosterone-MR complex directly interacts with the promoter region of the γENaC gene. However, the treatment with aldosterone did not cause subcellular translocation of ENaC toward the plasma membrane nor an increase in ENaC Na+-leak current. These results indicate that expression of γENaC in VP neurons is induced by aldosterone and corticosterone through their MR and GR, respectively; however, aldosterone or corticosterone alone is not sufficient enough to increase ENaC current when they are applied to hypothalamic slices in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Mills
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kaustubh Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA 70803, USA
| | - Masudul Haque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA 70803, USA
| | - Meagan Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ryoichi Teruyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, LA 70803, USA.
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19
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Mills NJ, Sharma K, Huang K, Teruyama R. Effect of dietary salt intake on epithelial Na + channels (ENaCs) in the hypothalamus of Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13838. [PMID: 30156045 PMCID: PMC6113134 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
All three epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits (α, β, and γ) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a known regulator of ENaC, are located in vasopressin (VP) synthesizing magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei. Our previous study showed that ENaC mediates a Na+ leak current that affects the steady-state membrane potential of VP neurons. This study was conducted in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-SS) rats to determine if any abnormal responses in the expression of ENaC subunits and MR occur in the hypothalamus and kidney in response to a high dietary salt intake. After 21 days of high salt consumption, Dahl-SS rat resulted in a significant increase in γENaC expression and exhibited proteolytic cleavage of this subunit compared to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Additionally, Dahl-SS rats had dense somato-dendritic γENaC immunoreactivity in VP neurons, which was absent in SD rats. In contrast, SD rats fed a high salt diet had significantly decreased αENaC subunit expression in the kidney and MR expression in the hypothalamus. Plasma osmolality measured daily for 22 days demonstrated that Dahl-SS rats fed a high salt diet had a steady increase in plasma osmolality, whereas SD rats had an initial increase that decreased to baseline levels. Findings from this study demonstrate that Dahl-SS rats lack a compensatory mechanism to down regulate ENaC during high dietary salt consumption, which may contribute to the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Mills
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Kaustubh Sharma
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Katie Huang
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
| | - Ryoichi Teruyama
- Department of Biological SciencesLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisiana
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20
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Frindt G, Yang L, Bamberg K, Palmer LG. Na restriction activates epithelial Na channels in rat kidney through two mechanisms and decreases distal Na + delivery. J Physiol 2018; 596:3585-3602. [PMID: 29737520 DOI: 10.1113/jp275988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Dietary Na restriction, through the mineralocorticoid aldosterone, acts on epithelial Na channels via both fast (24 h) and slow (5-7 days) mechanisms in the kidney. The fast effect entails increased proteolytic processing and trafficking of channel protein to the apical membrane. It is rapidly reversible by the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone and is largely lost when tubules are studied ex vivo. The slow effect does not require increased processing or surface expression, is refractory to acute eplerenone treatment, and is preserved ex vivo. Both slow and fast effects contribute to Na retention in vivo. Increased Na+ reabsorption in the proximal tubule also promotes Na conservation under conditions of chronic dietary Na restriction, reducing Na+ delivery to the distal nephron. ABSTRACT Changes in the activity of the epithelial Na channel (ENaC) help to conserve extracellular fluid volume. In rats fed a low-salt diet, proteolytic processing of ENaC increased within 1 day, and was almost maximal after 3 days. The rapid increase in the abundance of cleaved αENaC and γENaC correlated with decreased urinary Na+ excretion and with increased ENaC surface expression. By contrast, ENaC activity, measured ex vivo in isolated cortical collecting ducts, increased modestly after 3 days and required 5 days to reach maximal levels. The mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone reversed the increase in cleaved γENaC and induced natriuresis after 1 or 3 days but failed to alter either ENaC currents or Na+ excretion after 7 days of Na restriction. We conclude that Na depletion, through aldosterone, stimulates ENaC via independent fast and slow mechanisms. In vivo, amiloride-induced natriuresis increased after 1 day of Na depletion. By contrast, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)-induced natriuresis decreased gradually over 7 days, consistent with increased ability of ENaC activity to compensate for decreased Na+ reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule. Administration of amiloride and HCTZ together increased Na+ excretion less in Na-depleted compared to control animals, indicating decreased delivery of Na+ to the distal nephron when dietary Na is restricted. Measurements of creatinine and Li+ clearances indicated that increased Na reabsorption by the proximal tubules is responsible for the decreased delivery. Thus, Na conservation during chronic dietary salt restriction entails enhanced transport by both proximal and distal nephron segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Frindt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krister Bamberg
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, Innovative Medicines and Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lawrence G Palmer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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21
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Nakamura T, Kurihara I, Kobayashi S, Yokota K, Murai-Takeda A, Mitsuishi Y, Morisaki M, Kohata N, Oshima Y, Minami Y, Shibata H, Itoh H. Intestinal Mineralocorticoid Receptor Contributes to Epithelial Sodium Channel-Mediated Intestinal Sodium Absorption and Blood Pressure Regulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008259. [PMID: 29929989 PMCID: PMC6064907 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) has pathological roles in various cell types, including renal tubule cells, myocytes, and smooth muscle cells; however, the role of MR in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) has not been sufficiently evaluated. The intestine is the sensing organ of ingested sodium; accordingly, intestinal MR is expected to have essential roles in blood pressure (BP) regulation. Methods and Results We generated IEC‐specific MR knockout (IEC‐MR‐KO) mice. With a standard diet, fecal sodium excretion was 1.5‐fold higher in IEC‐MR‐KO mice, with markedly decreased colonic expression of β‐ and γ‐epithelial sodium channel, than in control mice. Urinary sodium excretion in IEC‐MR‐KO mice decreased by 30%, maintaining sodium balance; however, a low‐salt diet caused significant reductions in body weight and BP in IEC‐MR‐KO mice, and plasma aldosterone exhibited a compensatory increase. With a high‐salt diet, intestinal sodium absorption markedly increased to similar levels in both genotypes, without an elevation in BP. Deoxycorticosterone/salt treatment elevated BP and increased intestinal sodium absorption in both genotypes. Notably, the increase in BP was significantly smaller in IEC‐MR‐KO mice than in control mice. The addition of the MR antagonist spironolactone to deoxycorticosterone/salt treatment eliminated the differences in BP and intestinal sodium absorption between genotypes. Conclusions Intestinal MR regulates intestinal sodium absorption in the colon and contributes to BP regulation. These regulatory effects are associated with variation in epithelial sodium channel expression. These findings suggest that intestinal MR is a new target for studying the molecular mechanism of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshifumi Nakamura
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isao Kurihara
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakiko Kobayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yokota
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayano Murai-Takeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Mitsuishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuha Morisaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nao Kohata
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Oshima
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Minami
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Shibata
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Rheumatology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Petrik D, Myoga MH, Grade S, Gerkau NJ, Pusch M, Rose CR, Grothe B, Götz M. Epithelial Sodium Channel Regulates Adult Neural Stem Cell Proliferation in a Flow-Dependent Manner. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 22:865-878.e8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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23
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Harvey BJ, Thomas W. Aldosterone-induced protein kinase signalling and the control of electrolyte balance. Steroids 2018; 133:67-74. [PMID: 29079406 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone acts through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) to modulate gene expression in target tissues. In the kidney, the principal action of aldosterone is to promote sodium conservation in the distal nephron and so indirectly enhance water conservation under conditions of hypotension. Over the last twenty years the rapid activation of protein kinase signalling cascades by aldosterone has been described in various tissues. This review describes the integration of rapid protein kinase D signalling responses with the non-genomic actions of aldosterone and transcriptional effects of MR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Harvey
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Perdana University - Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland School of Medicine, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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24
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Mast TG, Breza JM, Contreras RJ. Thirst Increases Chorda Tympani Responses to Sodium Chloride. Chem Senses 2017; 42:675-681. [PMID: 28981824 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjx052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, water is present as a low-salt solution, thus we hypothesized that thirst would increase taste responses to low-salt solutions. We investigated the effect of thirst on the 2 different salt detection mechanisms present in the rat chorda tympani (CT) nerve. The first mechanism is dependent upon the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), is blocked by benzamil, and is specific to the cation sodium. The second mechanism, while undefined, is independent of ENaC, and detects multiple cations. We expected thirst to increase benzamil-sensitive sodium responses due to mechanistically increasing the benzamil-sensitive ENaC. We recorded CT whole-nerve electrophysiological responses to lingual application of NaCl, KCl (30, 75, 150, 300, 500, and 600 mM), and imitation rainwater in both control and 24-h water-restricted male rats. NaCl solutions were presented in artificial saliva before and after lingual application of 5µM benzamil. Water restriction significantly increased the integrated CT responses to NaCl but not to KCl or imitation rainwater. Consistent with our hypothesis, only the benzamil-sensitive, and not the benzamil-insensitive, CT sodium response significantly increased. Additionally, CT responses to salt were recorded following induction of either osmotic or volemic thirst. Both thirsts significantly enhanced the integrated CT responses to NaCl and KCl, but not imitation rainwater. Interestingly, osmotic and volemic thirsts increased CT responses by increasing both the benzamil-sensitive and benzamil-insensitive CT sodium responses. We propose that thirst increases the sensitivity of the CT nerve to sodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Mast
- Department of Biology, Program in Neuroscience, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA.,Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 30306, USA
| | - Joseph M Breza
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 30306, USA.,Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Robert J Contreras
- Department of Psychology, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 West Call Street, Tallahassee, FL 30306, USA
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25
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Seidel E, Scholl UI. Genetic mechanisms of human hypertension and their implications for blood pressure physiology. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:630-652. [PMID: 28887369 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00032.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension, or elevated blood pressure, constitutes a major public health burden that affects more than 1 billion people worldwide and contributes to ~9 million deaths annually. Hereditary factors are thought to contribute to up to 50% of interindividual blood pressure variability. Blood pressure in the general population approximately shows a normal distribution and is thought to be a polygenic trait. In rare cases, early-onset hypertension or hypotension are inherited as Mendelian traits. The identification of the underlying Mendelian genes and variants has contributed to our understanding of the physiology of blood pressure regulation, emphasizing renal salt handling and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system as players in the determination of blood pressure. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed more than 100 variants that are associated with blood pressure, typically with small effect sizes, which cumulatively explain ~3.5% of blood pressure trait variability. Several GWAS associations point to a role of the vasculature in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Despite these advances, the majority of the genetic contributors to blood pressure regulation are currently unknown; whether large-scale exome or genome sequencing studies will unravel these factors remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Seidel
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ute I Scholl
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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26
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Ernandez T, Udwan K, Chassot A, Martin PY, Feraille E. Uninephrectomy and apical fluid shear stress decrease ENaC abundance in collecting duct principal cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 314:F763-F772. [PMID: 28877879 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00200.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute nephron reduction such as after living kidney donation may increase the risk of hypertension. Uninephrectomy induces major hemodynamic changes in the remaining kidney, resulting in rapid increase of single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and fluid delivery in the distal nephron. Decreased sodium (Na) fractional reabsorption after the distal tubule has been reported after uninephrectomy in animals preserving volume homeostasis. In the present study, we thought to specifically explore the effect of unilateral nephrectomy on epithelial Na channel (ENaC) subunit expression in mice. We show that γ-ENaC subunit surface expression was specifically downregulated after uninephrectomy, whereas the expression of the aldosterone-sensitive α-ENaC and α1-Na-K-ATPase subunits as well as of kidney-specific Na-K-Cl cotransporter isoform and Na-Cl cotransporter were not significantly altered. Because acute nephron reduction induces a rapid increase of single-nephron GFR, resulting in a higher tubular fluid flow, we speculated that local mechanical factors such as fluid shear stress (FSS) were involved in Na reabsorption regulation after uninephrectomy. We further explore such hypothesis in an in vitro model of FSS applied on highly differentiated collecting duct principal cells. We found that FSS specifically downregulates β-ENaC and γ-ENaC subunits at the transcriptional level through an unidentified heat-insensitive paracrine basolateral factor. The primary cilium as a potential mechanosensor was not required. In contrast, protein kinase A and calcium-sensitive cytosolic phospholipase A2 were involved, but we could not demonstrate a role for cyclooxygenase or epoxygenase metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ernandez
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland.,Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - K Udwan
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - A Chassot
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - P-Y Martin
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Geneva , Geneva , Switzerland
| | - E Feraille
- Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, University Medical Center , Geneva , Switzerland
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27
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Sharma K, Haque M, Guidry R, Ueta Y, Teruyama R. Effect of dietary salt intake on epithelial Na + channels (ENaC) in vasopressin magnocellular neurosecretory neurons in the rat supraoptic nucleus. J Physiol 2017; 595:5857-5874. [PMID: 28714095 PMCID: PMC5577521 DOI: 10.1113/jp274856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS A growing body of evidence suggests that epithelial Na+ channels (ENaCs) in the brain play a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure; however, the brain structures that mediate the effect are not well understood. Because vasopressin (VP) neurons play a pivotal role in coordinating neuroendocrine and autonomic responses to maintain cardiovascular homeostasis, a basic understanding of the regulation and activity of ENaC in VP neurons is of great interest. We show that high dietary salt intake caused an increase in the expression and activity of ENaC which resulted in the steady state depolarization of VP neurons. The results help us understand one of the mechanisms underlying how dietary salt intake affects the activity of VP neurons via ENaC activity. ABSTRACT All three epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) subunits (α, β and γ) are located in vasopressin (VP) magnocellular neurons in the hypothalamic supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular nuclei. Our previous study demonstrated that ENaC mediates a Na+ leak current that affects the steady state membrane potential in VP neurons. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of dietary salt intake on ENaC regulation and activity in VP neurons. High dietary salt intake for 7 days caused an increase in expression of β- and γENaC subunits in the SON and the translocation of αENaC immunoreactivity towards the plasma membrane. Patch clamp experiments on hypothalamic slices showed that the mean amplitude of the putative ENaC currents was significantly greater in VP neurons from animals that were fed a high salt diet compared with controls. The enhanced ENaC current contributed to the more depolarized basal membrane potential observed in VP neurons in the high salt diet group. These findings indicate that high dietary NaCl intake enhances the expression and activity of ENaCs, which augments synaptic drive by depolarizing the basal membrane potential close to the action potential threshold during hormonal demand. However, ENaCs appear to have only a minor role in the regulation of the firing activity of VP neurons in the absence of synaptic inputs as neither the mean intraburst frequency, burst duration, nor interspike interval variability of phasic bursting activity was affected. Moreover, ENaC activity did not affect the initiation, sustention, or termination of the phasic bursting generated in an intrinsic manner without synaptic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustubh Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Masudul Haque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Richard Guidry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Teruyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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28
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Spradling-Reeves KD, Shade RE, Haywood JR, Cox LA. Primate response to angiotensin infusion and high sodium intake differ by sodium lithium countertransport phenotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 11:178-184. [PMID: 28238630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An increased level of sodium-lithium countertransport (SLC) activity has been associated with salt-sensitive hypertension. Previous findings have suggested that dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) may be involved in the mechanism linking elevated SLC activity and hypertension. Therefore, baboons with different levels of SLC activity were given two diets differing in sodium content, with and without an angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion, to investigate the relationship between SLC activity, the RAAS, and physiological regulation by sodium. Although we anticipated that high SLC activity would be associated with inappropriate function of the RAAS and greater arterial pressure sensitivity to dietary sodium and ANG II and that low SLC activity would be associated with the least BP sensitivity, we found that the low SLC phenotype correlated with BP sensitivity similar to the high SLC phenotype, and the normal SLC phenotype showed the least BP sensitivity to dietary sodium and ANG II.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert E Shade
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Haywood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura A Cox
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
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29
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Buck TM, Jordahl AS, Yates ME, Preston GM, Cook E, Kleyman TR, Brodsky JL. Interactions between intersubunit transmembrane domains regulate the chaperone-dependent degradation of an oligomeric membrane protein. Biochem J 2017; 474:357-376. [PMID: 27903760 PMCID: PMC5423784 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the kidney, the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) regulates blood pressure through control of sodium and volume homeostasis, and in the lung, ENaC regulates the volume of airway and alveolar fluids. ENaC is a heterotrimer of homologous α-, β- and γ-subunits, and assembles in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) before it traffics to and functions at the plasma membrane. Improperly folded or orphaned ENaC subunits are subject to ER quality control and targeted for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). We previously established that a conserved, ER lumenal, molecular chaperone, Lhs1/GRP170, selects αENaC, but not β- or γ-ENaC, for degradation when the ENaC subunits were individually expressed. We now find that when all three subunits are co-expressed, Lhs1-facilitated ERAD was blocked. To determine which domain-domain interactions between the ENaC subunits are critical for chaperone-dependent quality control, we employed a yeast model and expressed chimeric α/βENaC constructs in the context of the ENaC heterotrimer. We discovered that the βENaC transmembrane domain was sufficient to prevent the Lhs1-dependent degradation of the α-subunit in the context of the ENaC heterotrimer. Our work also found that Lhs1 delivers αENaC for proteasome-mediated degradation after the protein has become polyubiquitinated. These data indicate that the Lhs1 chaperone selectively recognizes an immature form of αENaC, one which has failed to correctly assemble with the other channel subunits via its transmembrane domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Alexa S Jordahl
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Megan E Yates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - G Michael Preston
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Emily Cook
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, U.S.A
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30
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Liu X, Edinger RS, Klemens CA, Phua YL, Bodnar AJ, LaFramboise WA, Ho J, Butterworth MB. A MicroRNA Cluster miR-23-24-27 Is Upregulated by Aldosterone in the Distal Kidney Nephron Where it Alters Sodium Transport. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1306-1317. [PMID: 27636893 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is expressed in the epithelial cells of the distal convoluted tubules, connecting tubules, and cortical collecting duct (CCD) in the kidney nephron. Under the regulation of the steroid hormone aldosterone, ENaC is a major determinant of sodium (Na+ ) and water balance. The ability of aldosterone to regulate microRNAs (miRs) in the kidney has recently been realized, but the role of miRs in Na+ regulation has not been well established. Here we demonstrate that expression of a miR cluster mmu-miR-23-24-27, is upregulated in the CCD by aldosterone stimulation both in vitro and in vivo. Increasing the expression of these miRs increased Na+ transport in the absence of aldosterone stimulation. Potential miR targets were evaluated and miR-27a/b was verified to bind to the 3'-untranslated region of intersectin-2, a multi-domain protein expressed in the distal kidney nephron and involved in the regulation of membrane trafficking. Expression of Itsn2 mRNA and protein was decreased after aldosterone stimulation. Depletion of Itsn2 expression, mimicking aldosterone regulation, increased ENaC-mediated Na+ transport, while Itsn2 overexpression reduced ENaC's function. These findings reinforce a role for miRs in aldosterone regulation of Na+ transport, and implicate miR-27 in aldosterone's action via a novel target. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1306-1317, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert S Edinger
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine A Klemens
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yu L Phua
- Division of Nephrology in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Bodnar
- Division of Nephrology in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William A LaFramboise
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Division of Nephrology in the Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael B Butterworth
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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31
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Valinsky WC, Jolly A, Miquel P, Touyz RM, Shrier A. Aldosterone Upregulates Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 (TRPM7). J Biol Chem 2016; 291:20163-72. [PMID: 27466368 PMCID: PMC5025699 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.735175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a ubiquitously expressed Mg(2+)-permeable ion channel fused to a C-terminal α-kinase domain. Recently, aldosterone was shown to increase intracellular Mg(2+) levels and alter inflammatory signaling in TRPM7-expressing HEK293 cells. This study was undertaken to assess whether these effects were related to an aldosterone-mediated increase of TRPM7 current and/or plasma membrane localization. Using HEK293 cells stably expressing WT-TRPM7, we found that 18-h application of aldosterone significantly increased TRPM7 current and TRPM7 plasma membrane protein expression by 48% and 34%, respectively. The aldosterone-mediated increase of TRPM7 current was inhibited by eplerenone, a mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) blocker, and GSK-650394, an inhibitor of the serum- and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1). SGK1 blockade also prevented the aldosterone-induced increase of TRPM7 plasma membrane protein. It was further determined that K1648R-TRPM7, the phosphotransferase-inactive TRPM7 mutant, was unresponsive to aldosterone. Therefore, chronic aldosterone treatment increases the plasma membrane expression of TRPM7, which is associated with an increase of TRPM7 current. This process occurs via an MR-dependent, genomic signaling cascade involving SGK1 and a functioning TRPM7 α-kinase domain. We suggest that this mechanism may be of general relevance when interpreting the effects of aldosterone because the MR receptor is found in multiple tissues, and TRPM7 and SGK1 are ubiquitously expressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Valinsky
- From the Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and
| | - Anna Jolly
- From the Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and
| | - Perrine Miquel
- From the Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- the Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, BHF GCRC, 126 University Place, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Alvin Shrier
- From the Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 0B1, Canada and
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32
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Yang L, Frindt G, Lang F, Kuhl D, Vallon V, Palmer LG. SGK1-dependent ENaC processing and trafficking in mice with high dietary K intake and elevated aldosterone. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 312:F65-F76. [PMID: 27413200 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00257.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined renal Na and K transporters in mice with deletions in the gene encoding the aldosterone-induced protein SGK1. The knockout mice were hyperkalemic, and had altered expression of the subunits of the epithelial Na channel (ENaC). The kidneys showed decreased expression of the cleaved forms of the γENaC subunit, and the fully glycosylated form of the βENaC subunits when animals were fed a high-K diet. Knockout animals treated with exogenous aldosterone also had reduced subunit processing and diminished surface expression of βENaC and γENaC. Expression of the three upstream Na transporters NHE3, NKCC2, and NCC was reduced in both wild-type and knockout mice in response to K loading. The activity of ENaC measured as whole cell amiloride-sensitive current (INa) in principal cells of the cortical collecting duct (CCD) was minimal under control conditions but was increased by a high-K diet to a similar extent in knockout and wild-type animals. INa in the connecting tubule also increased similarly in the two genotypes in response to exogenous aldosterone administration. The activities of both ROMK channels in principal cells and BK channels in intercalated cells of the CCD were unaffected by the deletion of SGK1. Acute treatment of animals with amiloride produced similar increases in Na excretion and decreases in K excretion in the two genotypes. The absence of changes in ENaC activity suggests compensation for decreased surface expression. Altered K balance in animals lacking SGK1 may reflect defects in ENaC-independent K excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Gustavo Frindt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Cardiology, Vascular Medicine and Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dietmar Kuhl
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Cognition, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Volker Vallon
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego and Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California
| | - Lawrence G Palmer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York;
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33
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Hanukoglu I, Hanukoglu A. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family: Phylogeny, structure-function, tissue distribution, and associated inherited diseases. Gene 2016; 579:95-132. [PMID: 26772908 PMCID: PMC4756657 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is composed of three homologous subunits and allows the flow of Na(+) ions across high resistance epithelia, maintaining body salt and water homeostasis. ENaC dependent reabsorption of Na(+) in the kidney tubules regulates extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and blood pressure by modulating osmolarity. In multi-ciliated cells, ENaC is located in cilia and plays an essential role in the regulation of epithelial surface liquid volume necessary for cilial transport of mucus and gametes in the respiratory and reproductive tracts respectively. The subunits that form ENaC (named as alpha, beta, gamma and delta, encoded by genes SCNN1A, SCNN1B, SCNN1G, and SCNN1D) are members of the ENaC/Degenerin superfamily. The earliest appearance of ENaC orthologs is in the genomes of the most ancient vertebrate taxon, Cyclostomata (jawless vertebrates) including lampreys, followed by earliest representatives of Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates) including cartilaginous sharks. Among Euteleostomi (bony vertebrates), Actinopterygii (ray finned-fishes) branch has lost ENaC genes. Yet, most animals in the Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fish) branch including Tetrapoda, amphibians and amniotes (lizards, crocodiles, birds, and mammals), have four ENaC paralogs. We compared the sequences of ENaC orthologs from 20 species and established criteria for the identification of ENaC orthologs and paralogs, and their distinction from other members of the ENaC/Degenerin superfamily, especially ASIC family. Differences between ENaCs and ASICs are summarized in view of their physiological functions and tissue distributions. Structural motifs that are conserved throughout vertebrate ENaCs are highlighted. We also present a comparative overview of the genotype-phenotype relationships in inherited diseases associated with ENaC mutations, including multisystem pseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA1B), Liddle syndrome, cystic fibrosis-like disease and essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Hanukoglu
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Aaron Hanukoglu
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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34
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Frindt G, Gravotta D, Palmer LG. Regulation of ENaC trafficking in rat kidney. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:217-27. [PMID: 26880754 PMCID: PMC4772376 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epithelial Na channel (ENaC) forms a pathway for Na(+) reabsorption in the distal nephron, and regulation of these channels is essential for salt homeostasis. In the rat kidney, ENaC subunits reached the plasma membrane in both immature and fully processed forms, the latter defined by either endoglycosidase H-insensitive glycosylation or proteolytic cleavage. Animals adapted to a low-salt diet have increased ENaC surface expression that is specific for the mature forms of the subunit proteins and is similar (three- to fourfold) for α, β, and γENaC. Kidney membranes were fractionated using differential centrifugation, sucrose-gradient separation, and immunoabsorption. Endoplasmic reticulum membranes, isolated using an antibody against calnexin, expressed immature γENaC, and the content decreased with Na depletion. Golgi membranes, isolated with an antibody against the cis-Golgi protein GM130, expressed both immature and processed γENaC; Na depletion increased the content of processed γENaC in this fraction by 3.8-fold. An endosomal compartment isolated using an antibody against Rab11 contained both immature and processed γENaC; the content of processed subunit increased 2.4-fold with Na depletion. Finally, we assessed the content of γENaC in the late endocytic compartments indirectly using urinary exosomes. All of the γENaC in these exosomes was in the fully cleaved form, and its content increased by 4.5-fold with Na depletion. These results imply that stimulation of ENaC surface expression results at least in part from increased rates of formation of fully processed subunits in the Golgi and subsequent trafficking to the apical membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Frindt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Diego Gravotta
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Lawrence G Palmer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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35
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Haque M, Wilson R, Sharma K, Mills NJ, Teruyama R. Localisation of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 in Mineralocorticoid Receptor Expressing Magnocellular Neurosecretory Neurones of the Rat Supraoptic and Paraventricular Nuclei. J Neuroendocrinol 2015; 27:835-49. [PMID: 26403275 PMCID: PMC5019266 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence suggests that the activity of the mineralocorticoid, aldosterone, in the brain via the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. MR was recently found in vasopressin and oxytocin synthesising magnocellular neurosecretory cells (MNCs) in both the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei in the hypothalamus. Considering the physiological effects of these hormones, MR in these neurones may be an important site mediating the action of aldosterone in blood pressure regulation within the brain. However, aldosterone activation of MR in the hypothalamus remains controversial as a result of the high binding affinity of glucocorticoids to MR at substantially higher concentrations compared to aldosterone. In aldosterone-sensitive epithelia, the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2) prevents glucocorticoids from binding to MR by converting glucocorticoids into inactive metabolites. The present study aimed to determine whether 11β-HSD2, which increases aldosterone selectivity, is expressed in MNCs. Specific 11β-HSD2 immunoreactivity was found in the cytoplasm of the MNCs in both the SON and PVN. In addition, double-fluorescence confocal microscopy demonstrated that MR-immunoreactivity and 11β-HSD2-in situ hybridised products are colocalised in MNCs. Lastly, single-cell reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction detected MR and 11β-HSD2 mRNAs from cDNA libraries derived from single identified MNCs. These findings strongly suggest that MNCs in the SON and PVN are aldosterone-sensitive neurones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Haque
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - K Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - N J Mills
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - R Teruyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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36
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Ashton AW, Le TYL, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Morel-Kopp MC, McWhinney B, Hudson A, Mihailidou AS. Role of Nongenomic Signaling Pathways Activated by Aldosterone During Cardiac Reperfusion Injury. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:1144-55. [PMID: 26121234 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone (Aldo) activates both genomic and nongenomic signaling pathways in the cardiovascular system. Activation of genomic signaling pathways contributes to the adverse cardiac actions of Aldo during reperfusion injury; however, the extent nongenomic signaling pathways contribute has been difficult to identify due to lack of a specific ligand that activates only nongenomic signaling pathways. Using a pegylated aldosterone analog, aldosterone-3-carboxymethoxylamine-TFP ester conjugated to methoxypegylated amine (Aldo-PEG), we are able for the first time to distinguish between nongenomic and genomic cardiac actions of Aldo. We confirm Aldo-PEG activates phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells similar to Aldo and G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30 or GPER) agonist G1. GPER antagonist, G36, but not mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone, prevented ERK1/2 phosphorylation by Aldo, Aldo-PEG, and G1. The selective nongenomic actions of Aldo-PEG are confirmed, with Aldo-PEG increasing superoxide production in H9c2 cells to similar levels as Aldo but having no effect on subcellular localization of MR. Striatin serves as a scaffold for GPER and MR, with GPER antagonist G36, but not spironolactone, restoring MR-striatin complexes. Aldo-PEG had no effect on MR-dependent transcriptional activation, whereas Aldo increased transcript levels of serum-regulated kinase 1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Using our ex vivo experimental rat model of myocardial infarction, we found aggravated infarct size and apoptosis by Aldo but not Aldo-PEG. Our studies confirm that in the heart, activation of nongenomic signaling pathways alone are not sufficient to trigger the deleterious effects of aldosterone during myocardial reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Ashton
- Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., A.S.M.), Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Northern Blood Research Centre and Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (M.-C.M.-K.), Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group and Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory (A.H.), Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute (A.W.A., T.Y.L.L., M.-C.M.-K., A.H., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; Division of Endocrinology, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center (C.E.G.-S.), Jackson, Mississippi 39216; and Analytical Chemistry Unit (B.M.), Pathology Queensland, Health Services Support Agency, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Thi Y L Le
- Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., A.S.M.), Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Northern Blood Research Centre and Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (M.-C.M.-K.), Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group and Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory (A.H.), Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute (A.W.A., T.Y.L.L., M.-C.M.-K., A.H., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; Division of Endocrinology, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center (C.E.G.-S.), Jackson, Mississippi 39216; and Analytical Chemistry Unit (B.M.), Pathology Queensland, Health Services Support Agency, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Celso E Gomez-Sanchez
- Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., A.S.M.), Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Northern Blood Research Centre and Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (M.-C.M.-K.), Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group and Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory (A.H.), Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute (A.W.A., T.Y.L.L., M.-C.M.-K., A.H., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; Division of Endocrinology, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center (C.E.G.-S.), Jackson, Mississippi 39216; and Analytical Chemistry Unit (B.M.), Pathology Queensland, Health Services Support Agency, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Marie-Christine Morel-Kopp
- Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., A.S.M.), Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Northern Blood Research Centre and Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (M.-C.M.-K.), Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group and Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory (A.H.), Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute (A.W.A., T.Y.L.L., M.-C.M.-K., A.H., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; Division of Endocrinology, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center (C.E.G.-S.), Jackson, Mississippi 39216; and Analytical Chemistry Unit (B.M.), Pathology Queensland, Health Services Support Agency, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Brett McWhinney
- Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., A.S.M.), Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Northern Blood Research Centre and Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (M.-C.M.-K.), Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group and Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory (A.H.), Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute (A.W.A., T.Y.L.L., M.-C.M.-K., A.H., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; Division of Endocrinology, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center (C.E.G.-S.), Jackson, Mississippi 39216; and Analytical Chemistry Unit (B.M.), Pathology Queensland, Health Services Support Agency, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Amanda Hudson
- Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., A.S.M.), Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Northern Blood Research Centre and Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (M.-C.M.-K.), Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group and Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory (A.H.), Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute (A.W.A., T.Y.L.L., M.-C.M.-K., A.H., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; Division of Endocrinology, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center (C.E.G.-S.), Jackson, Mississippi 39216; and Analytical Chemistry Unit (B.M.), Pathology Queensland, Health Services Support Agency, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Anastasia S Mihailidou
- Cardiovascular and Hormonal Research Laboratory, Department of Cardiology (T.Y.L.L., A.S.M.), Division of Perinatal Research (A.W.A.), Northern Blood Research Centre and Department of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine (M.-C.M.-K.), Sydney Neuro-Oncology Group and Bill Walsh Translational Cancer Research Laboratory (A.H.), Royal North Shore Hospital and Kolling Institute (A.W.A., T.Y.L.L., M.-C.M.-K., A.H., A.S.M.), Royal North Shore Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney 2065, Australia; Division of Endocrinology, G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center and University of Mississippi Medical Center (C.E.G.-S.), Jackson, Mississippi 39216; and Analytical Chemistry Unit (B.M.), Pathology Queensland, Health Services Support Agency, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia
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Membrane transport: ionic environments, signal transduction, and development of therapeutic targets. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:581626. [PMID: 25954754 PMCID: PMC4410503 DOI: 10.1155/2015/581626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Buck TM, Jordan R, Lyons-Weiler J, Adelman JL, Needham PG, Kleyman TR, Brodsky JL. Expression of three topologically distinct membrane proteins elicits unique stress response pathways in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Physiol Genomics 2015; 47:198-214. [PMID: 25759377 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00101.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Misfolded membrane proteins are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and are subject to ER-associated degradation, which clears the secretory pathway of potentially toxic species. While the transcriptional response to environmental stressors has been extensively studied, limited data exist describing the cellular response to misfolded membrane proteins. To this end, we expressed and then compared the transcriptional profiles elicited by the synthesis of three ER retained, misfolded ion channels: The α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR, and an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, Kir2.1, which vary in their mass, membrane topologies, and quaternary structures. To examine transcriptional profiles in a null background, the proteins were expressed in yeast, which was previously used to examine the degradation requirements for each substrate. Surprisingly, the proteins failed to induce a canonical unfolded protein response or heat shock response, although messages encoding several cytosolic and ER lumenal protein folding factors rose when αENaC or CFTR was expressed. In contrast, the levels of these genes were unaltered by Kir2.1 expression; instead, the yeast iron regulon was activated. Nevertheless, a significant number of genes that respond to various environmental stressors were upregulated by all three substrates, and compared with previous microarray data we deduced the existence of a group of genes that reflect a novel misfolded membrane protein response. These data indicate that aberrant proteins in the ER elicit profound yet unique cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rick Jordan
- GPCL Bioinformatics Analysis Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - James Lyons-Weiler
- GPCL Bioinformatics Analysis Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Joshua L Adelman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Patrick G Needham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey L Brodsky
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
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Abstract
Aldosterone is a major regulator of Na(+) absorption and acts primarily by controlling the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) function at multiple levels including transcription. ENaC consists of α, β, and γ subunits. In the classical model, aldosterone enhances transcription primarily by activating mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). However, how aldosterone induces chromatin alternation and thus leads to gene activation or repression remains largely unknown. Emerging evidence suggests that Dot1a-Af9 complex plays an important role in repression of αENaC by directly binding and modulating targeted histone H3 K79 hypermethylation at the specific subregions of αENaC promoter. Aldosterone impairs Dot1a-Af9 formation by decreasing expression of Dot1a and Af9 and by inducing Sgk1, which, in turn, phosphorylates Af9 at S435 to weaken Dot1a-Af9 interaction. MR counterbalances Dot1a-Af9 action by competing with Dot1a for binding Af9. Af17 derepresses αENaC by competitively interacting with Dot1a and facilitating Dot1a nuclear export. Consistently, MR(-/-) mice have impaired ENaC expression at day 5 after birth, which may contribute to progressive development of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 in a later stage. Af17(-/-) mice have decreased ENaC expression, renal Na(+) retention, and blood pressure. In contrast, Dot1l(AC) mice have increased αENaC expression, despite a 20% reduction of the principal cells. This chapter reviews these findings linking aldosterone action to ENaC transcription through chromatin modification. Future direction toward the understanding the role of Dot1a-Af9 complex beyond ENaC regulation, in particular, in renal fibrosis is also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihe Chen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi Zhang
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA; Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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40
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Frindt G, Palmer LG. Acute effects of aldosterone on the epithelial Na channel in rat kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2014; 308:F572-8. [PMID: 25520012 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00585.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The acute effects of aldosterone administration on epithelial Na channels (ENaC) in rat kidney were examined using electrophysiology and immunodetection. Animals received a single injection of aldosterone (20 μg/kg body wt), which reduced Na excretion over the next 3 h. Channel activity was assessed in principal cells of cortical collecting ducts as amiloride-sensitive whole cell clamp current (INa). INa averaged 100 pA/cell, 20-30% of that reported for the same preparation under conditions of chronic stimulation. INa was negligible in control animals that did not receive hormone. The acute physiological response correlated with changes in ENaC processing and trafficking. These effects included increases in the cleaved forms of α-ENaC and γ-ENaC, assessed by Western blot, and increases in the surface expression of β-ENaC and γ-ENaC measured after surface protein biotinylation. These changes were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to those of chronic stimulation. This suggests that altered trafficking to or from the apical membrane is an early response to the hormone and that later increases in channel activity require stimulation of channels residing at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Frindt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Lawrence G Palmer
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Bali A, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Renin–angiotensin system in pain: Existing in a double life? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2014; 15:329-40. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320313503694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Bali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University Patiala, India
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Ronzaud C, Staub O. Ubiquitylation and control of renal Na+ balance and blood pressure. Physiology (Bethesda) 2014; 29:16-26. [PMID: 24382868 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00021.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitylation is crucial for regulating numerous cellular functions. In the kidney, ubiquitylation regulates the epithelial Na(+) channel ENaC. The importance of this process is highlighted in Liddle's syndrome, where mutations interfere with ENaC ubiquitylation, resulting in constitutive Na(+) reabsorption and hypertension. There is emerging evidence that NCC, involved in hypertensive diseases, is also regulated by ubiquitylation. Here, we discuss the current knowledge and recent findings in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Ronzaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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43
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Alsop TA, McLeod BJ, Butt AG. Variations in epithelial Na(+) transport and epithelial sodium channel localisation in the vaginal cul-de-sac of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, during the oestrous cycle. Reprod Fertil Dev 2014; 28:328-36. [PMID: 25056576 DOI: 10.1071/rd13277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluid in the vaginal cul-de-sac of the brushtail possum, Trichosurus vulpecula, is copious at ovulation when it may be involved in sperm transport or maturation, but is rapidly reabsorbed following ovulation. We have used the Ussing short-circuit current (Isc) technique and measurements of transcript and protein expression of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) to determine if variations in electrogenic Na(+) transport are associated with this fluid absorption. Spontaneous Isc (<20µAcm(-2) during anoestrus, 60-80µAcm(-2) in cycling animals) was inhibited by serosal ouabain. Mucosal amiloride (10µmolL(-1)), an inhibitor of ENaC, had little effect on follicular Isc but reduced luteal Isc by ~35%. This amiloride-sensitive Isc was dependent on mucosal Na(+) and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)-amiloride (0.95μmolL(-1)) was consistent with ENaC-mediated Na(+) absorption. Results from polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT-PCR) indicate that αENaC mRNA is expressed in anoestrous, follicular and luteal phases. However, in follicular animals αENaC immunoreactivity in epithelial cells was distributed throughout the cytoplasm, whereas immunoreactivity was restricted to the apical pole of cells from luteal animals. These data suggest that increased Na(+) absorption contributes to fluid absorption during the luteal phase and is regulated by insertion of ENaC into the apical membrane of cul-de-sac epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-A Alsop
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - B J McLeod
- AgResearch Invermay, Private Bag 50034 Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - A G Butt
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
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Abstract
Aldosterone regulates blood pressure through its effects on the kidney and the cardiovascular system. Dysregulation of aldosterone signalling can result in hypertension which in turn can lead to chronic pathologies of the kidney such as renal fibrosis and nephropathy. Aldosterone acts by binding to the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor in target tissues such as segments of the distal nephron including the connecting tubule and cortical collecting duct (CCD). Aldosterone also promotes the activation of protein kinase signalling cascades that are coupled to growth factor receptors and act directly on specific substrates in the cell membrane or cytoplasm. The rapid actions of aldosterone can also modulate gene expression through the phosphorylation of transcription factors. Aldosterone is a key regulator of Na(+) conservation in the distal nephron, largely through multiple mechanisms that modulate the activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC). Aldosterone transcriptionally up-regulates the ENaCα subunit and also up regulates serum and glucocorticoid-regulated kinase-1 (SGK1) that indirectly regulates the ubiquitination of ENaC subunits. Aldosterone promotes the activation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) which can modify the activity of ENaC and other transporters through effects on sub-cellular trafficking. In M1-CCD cells, early sub-cellular trafficking causes the redistribution of ENaC subunits within minutes of treatment with aldosterone. ENaC subunits can also interact directly with phosphatidylinositide signalling intermediates in the membrane and the mechanism by which PKD isoforms regulate protein trafficking is through the control of vesicle fission from the trans Golgi network by activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ (PI4KIIIβ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinéad Quinn
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Warren Thomas
- Molecular Medicine Laboratories, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Education and Research Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Malsure S, Wang Q, Charles RP, Sergi C, Perrier R, Christensen BM, Maillard M, Rossier BC, Hummler E. Colon-specific deletion of epithelial sodium channel causes sodium loss and aldosterone resistance. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1453-64. [PMID: 24480829 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013090936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone promotes electrogenic sodium reabsorption through the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Here, we investigated the importance of ENaC and its positive regulator channel-activating protease 1 (CAP1/Prss8) in colon. Mice lacking the αENaC subunit in colonic superficial cells (Scnn1a(KO)) were viable, without fetal or perinatal lethality. Control mice fed a regular or low-salt diet had a significantly higher amiloride-sensitive rectal potential difference (∆PDamil) than control mice fed a high-salt diet. In Scnn1a(KO) mice, however, this salt restriction-induced increase in ∆PDamil did not occur, and the circadian rhythm of ∆PDamil was blunted. Plasma and urinary sodium and potassium did not change with regular or high-salt diets or potassium loading in control or Scnn1a(KO) mice. However, Scnn1a(KO) mice fed a low-salt diet lost significant amounts of sodium in their feces and exhibited high plasma aldosterone and increased urinary sodium retention. Mice lacking the CAP1/Prss8 in colonic superficial cells (Prss8(KO)) were viable, without fetal or perinatal lethality. Compared with controls, Prss8(KO) mice fed regular or low-salt diets exhibited significantly reduced ∆PDamil in the afternoon, but the circadian rhythm was maintained. Prss8(KO) mice fed a low-salt diet also exhibited sodium loss through feces and higher plasma aldosterone levels. Thus, we identified CAP1/Prss8 as an in vivo regulator of ENaC in colon. We conclude that, under salt restriction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in the kidney compensated for the absence of ENaC in colonic surface epithelium, leading to colon-specific pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 with mineralocorticoid resistance without evidence of impaired potassium balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumedha Malsure
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Qing Wang
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; and Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roch-Philippe Charles
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chloe Sergi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Romain Perrier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Marc Maillard
- Service of Nephrology, University Hospital of Lausanne (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Bernard C Rossier
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Edith Hummler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland;
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46
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Ilyaskin AV, Baturina GS, Katkova LE, Solenov EI, Ivanova LN. The influence of increased NaCl uptake on the transport of Na+ and K+ across the plasma membrane of rat renal collecting duct principal cells. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2014; 453:280-2. [PMID: 24385095 DOI: 10.1134/s160767291306001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A V Ilyaskin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Akademika Lavrent'eva 10, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
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Petrovich E, Asher C, Garty H. Induction of FKBP51 by aldosterone in intestinal epithelium. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:78-87. [PMID: 24139875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Screening female rat distal colon preparations for aldosterone-induced genes identified the Hsp90-binding immunophilin FKBP51 as a major aldosterone-induced mRNA and protein. Limited induction of FKBP51 was observed also in other aldosterone-responsive tissues such as kidney medulla and heart. Ex vivo measurements in colonic tissue have characterized time course, dose response and receptor specificity of the induction of FKBP51. FKBP51 mRNA and protein were strongly up regulated by physiological concentrations of aldosterone in a late (greater than 2.5h) response to the hormone. Maximal increase in FKBP51 mRNA requires aldosterone concentrations that are higher than those needed to fully occupy the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR). Yet, the response is fully inhibited by the MR antagonist spironolactone and not inhibited and even stimulated by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist RU486. These and related findings cannot be explained by a simple activation and dimerization of either MR or GR but are in agreement with response mediated by an MR-GR heterodimer. Overexpression or silencing FKBP51 in the kidney collecting duct cell line M1 had little or no effect on the aldosterone-induced increase in transepithelial Na(+) transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Petrovich
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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48
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Dooley R, Angibaud E, Yusef YR, Thomas W, Harvey BJ. Aldosterone-induced ENaC and basal Na+/K+-ATPase trafficking via protein kinase D1-phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ trans Golgi signalling in M1 cortical collecting duct cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 372:86-95. [PMID: 23541637 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Revised: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Aldosterone regulates Na(+) transport in the distal nephron through multiple mechanisms that include the transcriptional control of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase subunits. Aldosterone also induces the rapid phosphorylation of Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1). PKD isoforms regulate protein trafficking, by the control of vesicle fission from the trans Golgi network (TGN) through activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinaseIIIβ (PI4KIIIβ). We report rapid ENaCγ translocation to the plasma membrane after 30 min aldosterone treatment in polarized M1 cortical collecting duct cells, which was significantly impaired in PKD1 shRNA-mediated knockdown cells. In PKD1-deficient cells, the ouabain-sensitive current was significantly reduced and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase α and β subunits showed aberrant localization. PKD1 and PI4KIIIβ localize to the TGN, and aldosterone induced an interaction between PKD1 and PI4KIIIβ following aldosterone treatment. This study reveals a novel mechanism for rapid regulation of ENaC and the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase, via directed trafficking through PKD1-PI4KIIIβ signalling at the level of the TGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dooley
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aldosterone is now recognized as an increasingly important contributor to cardiometabolic pathology via inflammatory and fibrosis-related pathways in addition to its classically described role in sodium and volume regulation. Consequently, much effort has been directed towards characterizing the molecular pathways involved in aldosterone-mediated fibrosis and inflammation. What was once viewed as straightforward steroid hormone biology is now appreciated as a highly complex and tightly regulated series of pathways and interactions. These recognitions have fuelled a multidisciplinary effort to identify precisely how aldosterone mediates intracellular activation of both genomic (latent) and nongenomic (rapid) mechanisms of influence. This review will explore recent novel pathways regulating aldosterone action, focusing on the nongenomic pathways. RECENT FINDINGS Several recent discoveries have redefined our understanding of aldosterone interactions at the cellular level. This includes activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor at the plasma membrane instead of via classical nuclear hormone receptor interaction, and identification of novel cofactor scaffolding proteins that modify aldosterone influence at the cellular level. In addition, aldosterone activation of secondary messenger system cascades can occur directly and independent of mineralocorticoid receptor interaction. SUMMARY Substantial progress in detailing the molecular biology of aldosterone regulation and action should facilitate study of how it exerts detrimental effects in cardiometabolic diseases. However, to date, the clinical impact of these discoveries has not been validated. Translational efforts are now required to determine if novel therapeutic targets can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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50
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Buck TM, Plavchak L, Roy A, Donnelly BF, Kashlan OB, Kleyman TR, Subramanya AR, Brodsky JL. The Lhs1/GRP170 chaperones facilitate the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of the epithelial sodium channel. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:18366-80. [PMID: 23645669 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.469882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial sodium channel, ENaC, plays a critical role in maintaining salt and water homeostasis, and not surprisingly defects in ENaC function are associated with disease. Like many other membrane-spanning proteins, this trimeric protein complex folds and assembles inefficiently in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which results in a substantial percentage of the channel being targeted for ER-associated degradation (ERAD). Because the spectrum of factors that facilitates the degradation of ENaC is incomplete, we developed yeast expression systems for each ENaC subunit. We discovered that a conserved Hsp70-like chaperone, Lhs1, is required for maximal turnover of the ENaC α subunit. By expressing Lhs1 ATP binding mutants, we also found that the nucleotide exchange properties of this chaperone are dispensable for ENaC degradation. Consistent with the precipitation of an Lhs1-αENaC complex, Lhs1 holdase activity was instead most likely required to support the ERAD of αENaC. Moreover, a complex containing the mammalian Lhs1 homolog GRP170 and αENaC co-precipitated, and GRP170 also facilitated ENaC degradation in human, HEK293 cells, and in a Xenopus oocyte expression system. In both yeast and higher cell types, the effect of Lhs1 on the ERAD of αENaC was selective for the unglycosylated form of the protein. These data establish the first evidence that Lhs1/Grp170 chaperones can act as mediators of ERAD substrate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M Buck
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
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