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Norlin M, Wikvall K. Enzymatic activation in vitamin D signaling - Past, present and future. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 742:109639. [PMID: 37196753 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D signaling is important in regulating calcium homeostasis essential for bone health but also displays other functions in cells of several tissues. Disturbed vitamin D signaling is linked to a large number of diseases. The multiple cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes catalyzing the different hydroxylations in bioactivation of vitamin D3 are crucial for vitamin D signaling and function. This review is focused on the progress achieved in identification of the bioactivating enzymes and their genes in production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and other active metabolites. Results obtained on species- and tissue-specific expression, catalytic reactions, substrate specificity, enzyme kinetics, and consequences of gene mutations are evaluated. Matters of incomplete understanding regarding the physiological roles of some vitamin D hydroxylases are critically discussed and the authors will give their view of the importance of each enzyme for vitamin D signaling. Roles of different vitamin D receptors and an alternative bioactivation pathway, leading to 20-hydroxylated vitamin D3 metabolites, are also discussed. Considerable progress has been achieved in knowledge of the vitamin D3 bioactivating enzymes. Nevertheless, several intriguing areas deserve further attention to understand the pleiotropic and diverse activities elicited by vitamin D signaling and the mechanisms of enzymatic activation necessary for vitamin D-induced responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Norlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kjell Wikvall
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Wang Z, Zeng Y, Jia H, Yang N, Liu M, Jiang M, Zheng Y. Bioconversion of vitamin D 3 to bioactive calcifediol and calcitriol as high-value compounds. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:109. [PMID: 36229827 PMCID: PMC9563128 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02209-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biological catalysis is an important approach for the production of high-value-added compounds, especially for products with complex structures. Limited by the complex steps of chemical synthesis and low yields, the bioconversion of vitamin D3 (VD3) to calcifediol and calcitriol, which are natural steroid products with high added value and significantly higher biological activity compared to VD3, is probably the most promising strategy for calcifediol and calcitriol production, and can be used as an alternative method for chemical synthesis. The conversion efficiency of VD3 to calcifediol and calcitriol has continued to rise in the past few decades with the help of several different VD3 hydroxylases, mostly cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and newly isolated strains. The production of calcifediol and calcitriol can be systematically increased in different ways. Specific CYPs and steroid C25 dehydrogenase (S25DH), as VD3 hydroxylases, are capable of converting VD3 to calcifediol and calcitriol. Some isolated actinomycetes have also been exploited for fermentative production of calcifediol and calcitriol, although the VD3 hydroxylases of these strains have not been elucidated. With the rapid development of synthetic biology and enzyme engineering, quite a lot of advances in bioproduction of calcifediol and calcitriol has been achieved in recent years. Therefore, here we review the successful strategies of promoting VD3 hydroxylation and provide some perspective on how to further improve the bioconversion of VD3 to calcifediol and calcitriol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyi Wang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yan Zeng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Hongmin Jia
- China Animal Husbandry Industry Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100095 China
| | - Niping Yang
- grid.256885.40000 0004 1791 4722School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi Dong Road, Baoding, 071002 China
| | - Mengshuang Liu
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Mingyue Jiang
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Yanning Zheng
- grid.9227.e0000000119573309State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101 China
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Povaliaeva A, Bogdanov V, Pigarova E, Dzeranova L, Katamadze N, Malysheva N, Ioutsi V, Nikankina L, Rozhinskaya L, Mokrysheva N. Impaired Vitamin D Metabolism in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:906. [PMID: 35893730 PMCID: PMC9330123 DOI: 10.3390/ph15080906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing data regarding the association between vitamin D and COVID-19. This study aimed to reveal the alterations of vitamin D metabolism in the setting of COVID-19. We examined 119 adult COVID-19 inpatients and 44 apparently healthy adult individuals with similar serum 25OH-D3 levels as a reference group. The assessment included serum biochemical parameters (total calcium, albumin, phosphorus, creatinine), parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), vitamin D metabolites (25OH-D3, 25OH-D2, 1,25(OH)2D3, 3-epi-25OH-D3, 24,25(OH)2D3 and D3) and free 25OH-D. COVID-19 patients had in general very low vitamin D levels (median 25OH-D3 equals 10.8 ng/mL), accompanied by an increased production of the active vitamin D metabolite (1,25(OH)2D3), estimated as higher 1,25(OH)2D3 serum levels (61 [44; 81] vs. 40 [35; 50] pg/mL, p < 0.001) and lower 25OH-D3/1,25(OH)2D3 ratio (175 [112; 260] vs. 272 [200; 433], p < 0.001) which is presumably aimed at preventing hypocalcemia. Patients with COVID-19 also had elevated DBP (450 [386; 515] vs. 392 [311; 433] mg/L, p < 0.001) and low free 25OH-D levels (
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Povaliaeva
- Endocrinology Research Centre, 117292 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.); (E.P.); (L.D.); (N.K.); (N.M.); (V.I.); (L.N.); (L.R.); (N.M.)
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Akter R, Afrose A, Sharmin S, Rezwan R, Rahman MR, Neelotpol S. A comprehensive look into the association of vitamin D levels and vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with obesity in children. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113285. [PMID: 35728355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity accounts for several psychosocial and clinical consequences. Psychosocial consequences include lower self-esteem, social isolation, poor academic achievement, peer problems, and depression, whereas clinical consequences are cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer, autoimmune diseases, girls early polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), asthma, bone deformities, etc. A growing number of studies have uncovered the association of childhood obesity and its consequences with vitamin-D (vit-D) deficiency and vitamin-D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), e.g., TaqI, BsmI, ApaI, FokI, and Cdx2. Considering the impact of vit-D deficiency and VDR gene polymorphisms, identifying associated factors and risk groups linked to lower serum vit-D levels and prevention of obesity-related syndromes in children is of utmost importance. Previously published review articles mainly focused on the association of vit-D deficiency with obesity or other non-communicable diseases in children. The nature of the correlation between vit-D deficiency and VDR gene polymorphisms with obesity in children is yet to be clarified. Therefore, this review attempts to delineate the association of obesity with these two factors by identifying the molecular mechanism of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raushanara Akter
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afrina Afrose
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahana Sharmin
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rifat Rezwan
- School of Pharmacy, Brac University, 66 Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rashidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
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Berretta M, Quagliariello V, Bignucolo A, Facchini S, Maurea N, Di Francia R, Fiorica F, Sharifi S, Bressan S, Richter SN, Camozzi V, Rinaldi L, Scaroni C, Montopoli M. The Multiple Effects of Vitamin D against Chronic Diseases: From Reduction of Lipid Peroxidation to Updated Evidence from Clinical Studies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1090. [PMID: 35739987 PMCID: PMC9220017 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D exerts multiple beneficial effects in humans, including neuronal, immune, and bone homeostasis and the regulation of cardiovascular functions. Recent studies correlate vitamin D with cancer cell growth and survival, but meta-analyses on this topic are often not consistent. METHODS A systematic search of the PubMed database and the Clinical Trial Register was performed to identify all potentially relevant English-language scientific papers containing original research articles on the effects of vitamin D on human health. RESULTS In this review, we analyzed the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of vitamin D against acute and chronic diseases, focusing particularly on cancer, immune-related diseases, cardiomyophaties (including heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis) and infectious diseases. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D significantly reduces the pro-oxidant systemic and tissue biomarkers involved in the development, progression, and recurrence of chronic cardiometabolic disease and cancer. The overall picture of this review provides the basis for new randomized controlled trials of oral vitamin D supplementation in patients with cancer and infectious, neurodegenerative, and cardiovascular diseases aimed at reducing risk factors for disease recurrence and improving quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Quagliariello
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (V.Q.); (N.M.)
| | - Alessia Bignucolo
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Via Franco Gallini 2, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | - Sergio Facchini
- Oncology Operative Unit, Santa Maria delle Grazie Hospital, 80078 Naples, Italy;
| | - Nicola Maurea
- Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80121 Naples, Italy; (V.Q.); (N.M.)
| | - Raffaele Di Francia
- Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani, GORI Onlus, 33170 Pordenone, Italy;
- Italian Association of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Diagnostics (IAPharmagen), 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, AULSS 9 Scaligera, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Saman Sharifi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Silvia Bressan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara N. Richter
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.N.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Valentina Camozzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy;
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgery Sciences, Internal Medicine COVID Center, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Naples, Italy;
| | - Carla Scaroni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via A. Gabelli 63, 35121 Padova, Italy; (S.N.R.); (C.S.)
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (S.S.); (S.B.); (M.M.)
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Ye H, Sui D, Liu W, Yuan Y, Ouyang Z, Wei Y. Effects of CYP2C11 gene knockout on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of warfarin in rats. Xenobiotica 2019; 49:1478-1484. [PMID: 30724651 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1579006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1. CYP2C11 is the most abundant isoform of cytochrome P450s (CYPs) in male rats and is considered the main enzyme for warfarin metabolism. 2. To further access the in vivo function of CYP2C11 in warfarin metabolism and efficacy, a CYP2C11-null rat model was used to study warfarin metabolism with both in vitro and in vivo approaches. Prothrombin time (PT) of warfarin was also determined. 3. The maximum rate of metabolism (Vmax) and intrinsic clearance (CLint) of liver microsomes from CYP2C11-null males were reduced by 37 and 64%, respectively, compared to those in Sprague Dawley (S-D) rats. The Km of liver microsomes from CYP2C11-null males was increased by 73% compared to that of S-D rats. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) of warfarin in CYP2C11-null males was significantly delayed compared to that in S-D males, and the CL rate was also reduced. The PT of CYP2C11-null rats was moderately longer than that of S-D rats. 4. In conclusion, the clearance rate of warfarin was mildly decreased and its anticoagulant effect was moderately increased in male rats following CYP2C11 gene knockout. CYP2C11 played a certain role in the clearance and efficacy of warfarin, while it did not seem to be essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanying Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Danjuan Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Yuannan Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
| | - Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang , PR China
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Ang SS, Salleh AB, Chor LT, Normi YM, Tejo BA, Rahman MBA, Fatima MA. Biochemical Characterization of the Cytochrome P450 CYP107CB2 from Bacillus lehensis G1. Protein J 2018; 37:180-193. [PMID: 29508210 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-018-9764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The bioconversion of vitamin D3 catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) requires 25-hydroxylation and subsequent 1α-hydroxylation to produce the hormonal activated 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase catalyses the first step in the vitamin D3 biosynthetic pathway, essential in the de novo activation of vitamin D3. A CYP known as CYP107CB2 has been identified as a novel vitamin D hydroxylase in Bacillus lehensis G1. In order to deepen the understanding of this bacterial origin CYP107CB2, its detailed biological functions as well as biochemical characteristics were defined. CYP107CB2 was characterized through the absorption spectral analysis and accordingly, the enzyme was assayed for vitamin D3 hydroxylation activity. CYP-ligand characterization and catalysis optimization were conducted to increase the turnover of hydroxylated products in an NADPH-regenerating system. Results revealed that the over-expressed CYP107CB2 protein was dominantly cytosolic and the purified fraction showed a protein band at approximately 62 kDa on SDS-PAGE, indicative of CYP107CB2. Spectral analysis indicated that CYP107CB2 protein was properly folded and it was in the active form to catalyze vitamin D3 reaction at C25. HPLC and MS analysis from a reconstituted enzymatic reaction confirmed the hydroxylated products were 25-hydroxyitamin D3 and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 when the substrates vitamin D3 and 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 were used. Biochemical characterization shows that CYP107CB2 performed hydroxylation activity at 25 °C in pH 8 and successfully increased the production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 up to four fold. These findings show that CYP107CB2 has a biologically relevant vitamin D3 25-hydroxylase activity and further suggest the contribution of CYP family to the metabolism of vitamin D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swi See Ang
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abu Bakar Salleh
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Leow Thean Chor
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Enzyme Technology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bimo Ario Tejo
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mariam-Aisha Fatima
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wang P, Qin X, Liu M, Wang X. The burgeoning role of cytochrome P450-mediated vitamin D metabolites against colorectal cancer. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:9-20. [PMID: 29719203 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The metabolites of vitamin D3 (VD3) mediated by different cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, play fundamental roles in many physiological processes in relation to human health. These metabolites regulate a variety of cellular signal pathways through the direct binding of activated vitamin D receptor/retinoic X receptor (VDR/RXR) heterodimeric complex to specific DNA sequences. Thus, the polymorphisms of VDR and VD3 metabolizing enzymes lead to differentiated efficiency of VD3 and further affect serum VD3 levels. Moreover, VDR activation is demonstrated to inhibit the growth of various cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, excessive intake of vitamin D may lead to hypercalcemia, which limits the application of vitamin D tremendously. In this review, we have summarized the advances in VD3 research, especially the metabolism map of VD3 and the molecular mechanisms of inhibiting growth and inducing differentiation in colorectal cancer mediated by VDR-associated cellular signal pathways. The relationship between VDR polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer is also illustrated. In particular, novel pathways of the activation of VD3 started by CYP11A1 and CYP3A4 are highlighted, which produce several noncalcemic and antiproliferative metabolites. At last, the hypothesis is put forward that further research of CYP-mediated VD3 metabolites may develop therapeutic agents for colorectal cancer without resulting in hypercalcemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peili Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
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Wei Y, Yang L, Zhang X, Sui D, Wang C, Wang K, Shan M, Guo D, Wang H. Generation and Characterization of a CYP2C11-Null Rat Model by Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Method. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:525-531. [PMID: 29444903 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.078444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CYP2C11 is involved in the metabolism of many drugs in rats. To assess the roles of CYP2C11 in physiology and drug metabolism, a CYP2C11-null rat model was generated using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9method. A 2-base pair insertion was added to exon 6 of CYP2C11 in Sprague-Dawley rats. CYP2C11 was not detected by western blotting in liver microsomes of CYP2C11-null rats. No off-target effects were found at 11 predicted sites of the knockout model. The CYP2C11-null rats were viable and had no obvious abnormalities, with the exception of reduced fertility. Puberty in CYP2C11-null rats appeared to be delayed by ∼20 days, and the average litter size fell by 43%. Tolbutamide was used as a probe in this drug metabolism study. In the liver microsomes of CYP2C11-null rats, the Vmax and intrinsicclearance values decreased by 22% and 47%, respectively, compared with those of wild-type rats. The Km values increased by 47% compared with that of wild types. However, our pharmacokinetics study showed no major differences in any parameters between the two strains, in both males and females. In conclusion, a CYP2C11-null rat model was successfully generated and is a valuable tool to study the in vivo function of CYP2C11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Danjuan Sui
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Changsuo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Mangting Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Dayong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China (Y.W., L.Y., X.Z., D.S., C.W., K.W.); MtC BioPharma Co. Ltd., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (M.S.); and Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing Biomedical Research Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China (D.G., H.W.)
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Ge B, Zhang Z, Lam TT, Zuo Z. Puerarin offsets the anticoagulation effect of warfarin in rats by inducing rCyps, upregulating vitamin K epoxide reductase and inhibiting thrombomodulin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:33-49. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Beikang Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Capital Medical University; Beijing China
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Teddy Taining Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, SAR; Shatin New Territories Hong Kong
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11
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Miller WL. Genetic disorders of Vitamin D biosynthesis and degradation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 165:101-108. [PMID: 27060335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D, an inactive secosteroid pro-hormone, is produced by the action of ultraviolet light on 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin. The active hormone, 1,25(OH)2D is produced by sequential 25-hydroxylation in the liver, principally by CYP2R1, and 1α-hydroxylation in the kidney by CYP27B1. Mutations in CYP27B1 cause 1α-hydroxylase deficiency, also known as vitamin D dependent rickets type I or hereditary pseudo-vitamin D deficient rickets; very rare mutations in CYP2R1 can cause 25-hydroxylase deficiency. Both deficiencies cause hypocalcemia, secondary hyperparathyroidism, severe rickets in infancy, and low serum concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D; both disorders respond to hormonal replacement therapy with calcitriol. The inactivation of vitamin D is principally initiated by its 23- and 24-hydroxylation by CYP24A1. Mutations in CYP24A1 can cause both severe neonatal hypercalcemia and a less severe adult hypercalcemic syndrome. Other pathways of vitamin D metabolism are under investigation, notably its 20-hydroxylation by the cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, CYP11A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Miller
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, HSE 1634, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0556, USA.
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Luo J, Jiang F, Fang W, Lu Q. Optimization of bioconversion conditions for vitamin D3 to 25-hydroxyvitamin D using Pseudonocardia autotrophica CGMCC5098. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1268130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinqi Luo
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fang Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weizhen Fang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qun Lu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
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Ge B, Zhang Z, Zuo Z. Radix Puerariae lobatae (Gegen) suppresses the anticoagulation effect of warfarin: a pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics study. Chin Med 2016; 11:7. [PMID: 26925159 PMCID: PMC4769563 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Radix Puerariae lobatae (Gegen) are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat cardiovascular diseases. However, adverse herb-drug interactions were observed between warfarin and herbal remedies containing Danshen and Gegen. This study aims to investigate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between warfarin and the different components found in Danshen and Gegen. Methods Sixty Sprague–Dawley rats were used to investigate the effects of warfarin (0.2 mg/kg), Danshen (240 or 480 mg/kg) and Gegen (240 or 480 mg/kg) both in isolation and combination. The rats in the warfarin and Danshen/Gegen combination groups were given an oral dose of Danshen or Gegen 2 h after being given an oral dose of warfarin. After five consecutive days of treatment, the pharmacokinetic interactions between Danshen/Gegen and warfarin were investigated by simultaneously monitoring and comparing the cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities, mRNA and protein expression levels in the livers of the rats from the different treatment groups. The pharmacodynamic interactions were evaluated by monitoring and comparing the vitamin K epoxide reductase (VKOR) activities, mRNA and protein expression levels in the livers of rats from the different groups, as well as the thrombomodulin (TM) activities, mRNA and protein in the lungs of these animals. The rat plasma soluble thrombomodulin concentrations of the different treatment groups were also evaluated. Microsomes incubation, Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Western blot was applied respectively to study the activity, mRNA expression and protein expression of CYP, VKOR and TM. Results The activities and expression levels of the CYP and VKOR enzymes in the warfarin-Gegen combination groups increased by nearly 30 % (P = 0.02) compared with the warfarin-alone group, whereas those of TM decreased by almost 25 % (P = 0.02). The administration of Danshen did not lead to any changes in the activities or the expression levels of the CYP, VKOR or TM enzymes compared with those of the control group. Gegen induced several warfarin-metabolizing CYP enzymes and neutralized the effects of warfarin towards VKOR and TM. Conclusion Gegen, rather than Danshen at the same tested dosage, offsets the anticoagulant effects of warfarin by accelerating the phase I liver metabolism of warfarin, as well as increasing the activity, mRNA and protein expression of VKOR while decreasing those of TM. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-016-0078-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beikang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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14
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Abstract
Cross-sectional studies depict an inverse relationship between vitamin D (VD) status reflected by plasma 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and obesity. Furthermore, recent studies in vitro and in animal models tend to demonstrate an impact of VD and VD receptor on adipose tissue and adipocyte biology, pointing to at least a part-causal role of VD insufficiency in obesity and associated physiopathological disorders such as adipose tissue inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance. However, clinical and genetic studies are far less convincing, with highly contrasted results ruling out solid conclusions for the moment. Nevertheless, prospective studies provide interesting data supporting the hypothesis of a preventive role of VD in onset of obesity. The aim of this review is to summarise the available data on relationships between VD, adipose tissue/adipocyte physiology, and obesity in order to reveal the next key points that need to be addressed before we can gain deeper insight into the controversial VD-obesity relationship.
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15
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Zhang Z, Ge B, Zhou L, Lam TN, Zuo Z. Induction of liver cytochrome P450s by Danshen-Gegen formula is the leading cause for its pharmacokinetic interactions with warfarin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:672-686. [PMID: 24832110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although the increased usage of herbal medicine leading to herb-drug interactions is well reported, the mechanism of such interactions between herbal medicines with conventionally prescribed drugs such as warfarin is not yet fully understood. Our previous rat in vivo study demonstrated that co-administration of Danshen-Gegen Formula (DGF), a Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Radix Puerariae lobatae (Gegen) containing Chinese medicine formula recently developed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, with warfarin could cause significant herb-drug interactions. The current study aims to explore the pharmacokinetics-based mechanism of the DGF-warfarin interactions during absorption, distribution and metabolism processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caco-2 cell monolayer model and rat in situ intestinal perfusion model were used to study the DGF-warfarin interactions during the intestinal absorption processes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered warfarin in presence and absence of DGF for consecutive 5 days. The microsomal activity and expression of the liver CYP isozymes were determined and compared among different treatment groups. Blood from the rats administered DGF was employed to evaluate effects of DGF on the plasma protein binding of warfarin. RESULTS Absorption studies demonstrated that DGF could potentially increase the intestinal absorption of warfarin (32% and 75% increase of warfarin Papp in Caco-2 and intestinal perfusion models, respectively) via altering the regional pH environment in GI tract. DGF administration could lead to significant increase in liver microsomal activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1, indicating the potential induction on the liver metabolism of warfarin by DGF. Moreover, it has been proven by ex vivo study that the single-dose administration of DGF could decrease the protein binding of warfarin in plasma by at least 11.6%. CONCLUSION Collectively, current study demonstrated that DGF could significantly induce the liver phase I metabolism of warfarin, and to a less extent, potentially increase the intestinal absorption and decrease the plasma protein binding of warfarin. The inductive effects of DGF on the liver phase I metabolism of warfarin may be dominantly responsible for the DGF-warfarin pharmacokinetics interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Beikang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Limin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tai-Ning Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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16
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Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. CHEMISTRY & BIOLOGY 2014. [PMID: 24529992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.016]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is made in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol under the influence of UV light. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is derived from the plant sterol ergosterol. Vitamin D is metabolized first to 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), then to the hormonal form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). CYP2R1 is the most important 25-hydroxylase; CYP27B1 is the key 1-hydroxylase. Both 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D are catabolized by CYP24A1. 1,25(OH)2D is the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor, binding to sites in the DNA called vitamin D response elements (VDREs). There are thousands of these binding sites regulating hundreds of genes in a cell-specific fashion. VDR-regulated transcription is dependent on comodulators, the profile of which is also cell specific. Analogs of 1,25(OH)2D are being developed to target specific diseases with minimal side effects. This review will examine these different aspects of vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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17
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Bikle DD. Vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 21:319-29. [PMID: 24529992 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1025] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is made in the skin from 7-dehydrocholesterol under the influence of UV light. Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is derived from the plant sterol ergosterol. Vitamin D is metabolized first to 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD), then to the hormonal form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D). CYP2R1 is the most important 25-hydroxylase; CYP27B1 is the key 1-hydroxylase. Both 25OHD and 1,25(OH)2D are catabolized by CYP24A1. 1,25(OH)2D is the ligand for the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription factor, binding to sites in the DNA called vitamin D response elements (VDREs). There are thousands of these binding sites regulating hundreds of genes in a cell-specific fashion. VDR-regulated transcription is dependent on comodulators, the profile of which is also cell specific. Analogs of 1,25(OH)2D are being developed to target specific diseases with minimal side effects. This review will examine these different aspects of vitamin D metabolism, mechanism of action, and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Bikle
- VA Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94121, USA.
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18
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Wójcikowski J, Haduch A, Daniel WA. Effect of antidepressant drugs on cytochrome P450 2C11 (CYP2C11) in rat liver. Pharmacol Rep 2013; 65:1247-55. [DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71482-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Al Mutair AN, Nasrat GH, Russell DW. Mutation of the CYP2R1 vitamin D 25-hydroxylase in a Saudi Arabian family with severe vitamin D deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:E2022-5. [PMID: 22855339 PMCID: PMC3462929 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Inherited forms of vitamin D deficiency are rare causes of rickets and to date have been traced to mutations in three genes, VDR, encoding the 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D receptor, CYP27B1, encoding the vitamin D 1α-hydroxylase, and CYP2R1, encoding a microsomal vitamin D 25-hydroxylase. RESULTS Multiple mutations have been identified in VDR and CYP27B1 in patients with rickets, and thus, the roles of these two genes in vitamin D metabolism are unassailable. The case is less clear for CYP2R1, in which only a single mutation, L99P in exon 2 of the gene, has been identified in Nigerian families, and because multiple enzymes with vitamin D 25-hydroxylase activity have been identified. Here we report molecular genetic studies on two siblings from a Saudi family who presented with classic symptoms of vitamin D deficiency. The affected offspring inherited two different CYP2R1 mutations (367+1, G→A; 768, iT), which are predicted to specify null alleles. CONCLUSION We conclude that CYP2R1 is a major vitamin D 25-hydroxylase that plays a fundamental role in activation of this essential vitamin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angham N Al Mutair
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology Division, King Abdulaziz Medical City-Riyadh, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences and King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11155, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Zhu J, DeLuca HF. Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase – Four decades of searching, are we there yet? Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 523:30-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2012.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Haduch A, Wójcikowski J, Daniel WA. Effect of neuroleptics on cytochrome P450 2C11 (CYP2C11) in rat liver. Pharmacol Rep 2011; 63:1491-9. [PMID: 22358097 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(11)70713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haduch
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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22
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Chow ECY, Sondervan M, Jin C, Groothuis GMM, Pang KS. Comparative effects of doxercalciferol (1α-hydroxyvitamin D₂) versus calcitriol (1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃) on the expression of transporters and enzymes in the rat in vivo. J Pharm Sci 2010; 100:1594-604. [PMID: 20967888 DOI: 10.1002/jps.22366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Effects of 1.28 nmol/kg doxercalciferol [1α(OH)D₂], a synthetic vitamin D₂ analog that undergoes metabolic activation to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂, the naturally occurring, biologically active form of vitamin D₂, on rat transporters and enzymes were compared with those of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃ [1,25(OH)₂D₃, active form of vitamin D₃; 4.8 and 6.4 nmol/kg] given on alternate days intraperitoneally for 8 days. Changes were mostly confined to the intestine and kidney where the vitamin D receptor (VDR) was highly expressed: increased intestinal Cyp24 and Cyp3a1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and a modest elevation of apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (Asbt) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) protein; increased renal VDR, Cyp24, Cyp3a9, Mdr1a, and Asbt mRNA, as well as Asbt and P-gp protein expression; and decreased renal PepT1 and Oat1 mRNA expression. In comparison, 1α(OH)D₂ treatment exerted a greater effect than 1,25(OH)₂D₃ on Cyp3a and Cyp24 mRNA. However, the farnesoid X receptor -related repressive effects on liver Cyp7a1 were absent because intestinal Asbt, FGF15 and portal bile acid concentrations were unchanged. Rats on the alternate day regimen showed milder changes and lessened signs of hypercalcemia and weight loss compared with rats receiving daily injections (similar or greater amounts of 0.64-2.56 nmol/kg daily ×4) described in previous reports, showing that the protracted pretreatment regimen was associated with milder inductive and lesser toxic effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin C Y Chow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Michaud J, Naud J, Ouimet D, Demers C, Petit JL, Leblond FA, Bonnardeaux A, Gascon-Barré M, Pichette V. Reduced hepatic synthesis of calcidiol in uremia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2010; 21:1488-97. [PMID: 20595682 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2009080815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcidiol insufficiency is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the reasons for this are incompletely understood. CKD associates with a decrease in liver cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes, and specific CYP450 isoforms mediate vitamin D(3) C-25-hydroxylation, which forms calcidiol. Abnormal levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which also modulates liver CYP450, could also contribute to the decrease in liver CYP450 associated with CKD. Here, we evaluated the effects of PTH and uremia on liver CYP450 isoforms involved in calcidiol synthesis in rats. Uremic rats had 52% lower concentrations of serum calcidiol than control rats (P < 0.002). Compared with controls, uremic rats produced 71% less calcidiol and 48% less calcitriol after the administration of vitamin D(3) or 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3), respectively, suggesting impaired C-25-hydroxylation of vitamin D(3). Furthermore, uremia associated with a reduction of liver CYP2C11, 2J3, 3A2, and 27A1. Parathyroidectomy prevented the uremia-associated decreases in calcidiol and liver CYP450 isoforms. In conclusion, these data suggest that uremia decreases calcidiol synthesis secondary to a PTH-mediated reduction in liver CYP450 isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Michaud
- Service de Néphrologie et Centre de Recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Prosser DE, Guo Y, Jia Z, Jones G. Structural motif-based homology modeling of CYP27A1 and site-directed mutational analyses affecting vitamin D hydroxylation. Biophys J 2006; 90:3389-409. [PMID: 16500955 PMCID: PMC1440725 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.069369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human CYP27A1 is a mitochondrial cytochrome P450, which is principally found in the liver and plays important roles in the biological activation of vitamin D(3) and in the biosynthesis of bile acids. We have applied a systematic analysis of hydrogen bonding patterns in 11 prokaryotic and mammalian CYP crystal structures to construct a homology-based model of CYP27A1. Docking of vitamin D(3) structures into the active site of this model identified potential substrate contact residues in the F-helix, the beta-3 sheet, and the beta-5 sheet. Site-directed mutagenesis and expression in COS-1 cells confirmed that these positions affect enzymatic activity, in some cases shifting metabolism of 1alpha-hydroxyvitamin D(3) to favor 25- or 27-hydroxylation. The results suggest that conserved hydrophobic residues in the beta-5 hairpin help define the shape of the substrate binding cavity and that this structure interacts with Phe-248 in the F-helix. Mutations directed toward the beta-3a strand suggested a possible heme-binding interaction centered on Asn-403 and a structural role for substrate contact residues Thr-402 and Ser-404.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Prosser
- Department of Biochemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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