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Huber K, Saltzmann J, Daenicke S. Metabolite Profiling in the Liver, Plasma and Milk of Dairy Cows Exposed to Tansy Ragwort ( Senecio jacobae) Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:601. [PMID: 37888632 PMCID: PMC10610733 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant-derived pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) in feed cause metabolic disturbances in farm animals resulting in high economic losses worldwide. The molecular pathways affected by these PAs in cells and tissues are not yet fully understood. The objective of the study was to examine the dose-dependent effects of orally applied PAs derived from tansy ragwort in midlactation dairy cows. METHODS Twenty Holstein dairy cows were treated with target exposures of 0, 0.47, 0.95 and 1.91 mg of total PA/kg of body weight/d in control, PA1, PA2 and PA3, respectively, for 28 days. Liver tissue biopsy and plasma and milk samples were taken at day 28 of treatment to assess changes in metabolic pathways. A targeted metabolomics approach was performed to detect the metabolite profiles in all compartments. RESULTS The PA-affected metabolite profiling in liver tissue, plasma and milk revealed changes in three substrate classes: acylcarnitines (ACs), phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs). In addition, in the plasma, amino acid concentrations were affected by PA exposure. CONCLUSIONS PA exposure disturbed liver metabolism at many sites, especially devastating pathways related to energy metabolism and to amino acid utilization, most likely based on mitochondrial oxidative stress. The effects on the milk metabolite profile may have consequences for milk quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Korinna Huber
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Janine Saltzmann
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.S.); (S.D.)
| | - Sven Daenicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (J.S.); (S.D.)
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Savic D, Mózes FE, Green PG, Burrage MK, Kjaer MS, Hodson L, Neubauer S, Pavlides M, Valkovič L. Detection and alterations of acetylcarnitine (AC) in human liver by 1 H MRS at 3T after supplementation with l-carnitine. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1314-1322. [PMID: 36573435 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acetylcarnitine can be assessed in vivo using proton MRS (1 H-MRS) with long TEs and this has been previously applied successfully in muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate a 1 H-MRS technique for liver acetylcarnitine quantification in healthy humans before and after l-carnitine supplementation. METHOD Baseline acetylcarnitine levels were quantified using a STEAM sequence with prolonged TE in 15 healthy adults. Using STEAM with four different TEs was evaluated in phantoms. To assess reproducibility of the measurements, five of the participants had repeated 1 H-MRS without receiving l-carnitine supplementation. To determine if liver acetylcarnitine could be changed after l-carnitine supplementation, acetylcarnitine was quantified 2 h after intravenous l-carnitine supplementation (50 mg/kg body weight) in the other 10 participants. Hepatic lipids were also quantified from the 1 H-MRS spectra. RESULTS There was good separation between the acetylcarnitine and fat in the phantoms using TE = 100 ms. Hepatic acetylcarnitine levels were reproducible (coefficient of reproducibility = 0.049%) and there was a significant (p < 0.001) increase in the relative abundance after a single supplementation of l-carnitine. Hepatic allylic, methyl, and methylene peaks were not altered by l-carnitine supplementation in healthy volunteers. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that our 1 H-MRS technique could be used to measure acetylcarnitine in the liver and detect changes following intravenous supplementation in healthy adults despite the presence of lipids. Our techniques should be explored further in the study of fatty liver disease, where acetylcarnitine is suggested to be altered due to hepatic inflexibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Savic
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ferenc E Mózes
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peregrine G Green
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew K Burrage
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Leanne Hodson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Neubauer
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Pavlides
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- The Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Oja KT, Ilisson M, Reinson K, Muru K, Reimand T, Peterson H, Fishman D, Esko T, Haller T, Kronberg J, Wojcik MH, Kennedy A, Michelotti G, O’Donnell-Luria A, Õiglane-Šlik E, Pajusalu S, Õunap K. Untargeted metabolomics profiling in pediatric patients and adult populations indicates a connection between lipid imbalance and epilepsy. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.03.29.23287640. [PMID: 37034709 PMCID: PMC10081398 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.29.23287640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Epilepsy is a common central nervous system disorder characterized by abnormal brain electrical activity. We aimed to compare the metabolic profiles of plasma from patients with epilepsy across different etiologies, seizure frequency, seizure type, and patient age to try to identify common disrupted pathways. Material and methods We used data from three separate cohorts. The first cohort (PED-C) consisted of 31 pediatric patients with suspicion of a genetic disorder with unclear etiology; the second cohort (AD-C) consisted of 250 adults from the Estonian Biobank (EstBB), and the third cohort consisted of 583 adults ≥ 69 years of age from the EstBB (ELD-C). We compared untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics data between individuals with and without epilepsy in each cohort. Results In the PED-C, significant alterations (p-value <0.05) were detected in sixteen different glycerophosphatidylcholines (GPC), dimethylglycine and eicosanedioate (C20-DC). In the AD-C, nine significantly altered metabolites were found, mainly triacylglycerides (TAG), which are also precursors in the GPC synthesis pathway. In the ELD-C, significant changes in twenty metabolites including multiple TAGs were observed in the metabolic profile of participants with previously diagnosed epilepsy. Pathway analysis revealed that among the metabolites that differ significantly between epilepsy-positive and epilepsy-negative patients in the PED-C, the lipid superpathway (p = 3.2*10-4) and phosphatidylcholine (p = 9.3*10-8) and lysophospholipid (p = 5.9*10-3) subpathways are statistically overrepresented. Analogously, in the AD-C, the triacylglyceride subclass turned out to be statistically overrepresented (p = 8.5*10-5) with the lipid superpathway (p = 1.4*10-2). The presented p-values are FDR-corrected. Conclusion Our results suggest that cell membrane fluidity may have a significant role in the mechanism of epilepsy, and changes in lipid balance may indicate epilepsy. However, further studies are needed to evaluate whether untargeted metabolomics analysis could prove helpful in diagnosing epilepsy earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Teele Oja
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Ilisson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karit Reinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Muru
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tiia Reimand
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Hedi Peterson
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Dmytro Fishman
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Toomas Haller
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Jaanika Kronberg
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Monica H. Wojcik
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Kennedy
- Metabolon, 615 Davis Drive, Suite 100, Morrisville, NC, USA
| | | | - Anne O’Donnell-Luria
- Center for Mendelian Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eve Õiglane-Šlik
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu
- Children’s Clinic of Tartu University Hospital, Tartu University Hospital
| | - Sander Pajusalu
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Katrin Õunap
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Genetics and Personalized Medicine Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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Metabolic flux between organs measured by arteriovenous metabolite gradients. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1354-1366. [PMID: 36075951 PMCID: PMC9534916 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian organs convert dietary nutrients into circulating metabolites and share them to maintain whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While the concentrations of circulating metabolites have been frequently measured in a variety of pathophysiological conditions, the exchange flux of circulating metabolites between organs is not easily measurable due to technical difficulties. Isotope tracing is useful for measuring such fluxes for a metabolite of interest, but the shuffling of isotopic atoms between metabolites requires mathematical modeling. Arteriovenous metabolite gradient measurements can complement isotope tracing to infer organ-specific net fluxes of many metabolites simultaneously. Here, we review the historical development of arteriovenous measurements and discuss their advantages and limitations with key example studies that have revealed metabolite exchange flux between organs in diverse pathophysiological contexts.
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Dambrova M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Kuka J, Vilskersts R, Nordberg D, Attwood MM, Smesny S, Sen ZD, Guo AC, Oler E, Tian S, Zheng J, Wishart DS, Liepinsh E, Schiöth HB. Acylcarnitines: Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:506-551. [PMID: 35710135 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylcarnitines are fatty acid metabolites that play important roles in many cellular energy metabolism pathways. They have historically been used as important diagnostic markers for inborn errors of fatty acid oxidation and are being intensively studied as markers of energy metabolism, deficits in mitochondrial and peroxisomal β -oxidation activity, insulin resistance, and physical activity. Acylcarnitines are increasingly being identified as important indicators in metabolic studies of many diseases, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression, neurologic disorders, and certain cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug L-carnitine, along with short-chain acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine), is now widely used as a dietary supplement. In light of their growing importance, we have undertaken an extensive review of acylcarnitines and provided a detailed description of their identity, nomenclature, classification, biochemistry, pathophysiology, supplementary use, potential drug targets, and clinical trials. We also summarize these updates in the Human Metabolome Database, which now includes information on the structures, chemical formulae, chemical/spectral properties, descriptions, and pathways for 1240 acylcarnitines. This work lays a solid foundation for identifying, characterizing, and understanding acylcarnitines in human biosamples. We also discuss the emerging opportunities for using acylcarnitines as biomarkers and as dietary interventions or supplements for many wide-ranging indications. The opportunity to identify new drug targets involved in controlling acylcarnitine levels is also discussed. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review provides a comprehensive overview of acylcarnitines, including their nomenclature, structure and biochemistry, and use as disease biomarkers and pharmaceutical agents. We present updated information contained in the Human Metabolome Database website as well as substantial mapping of the known biochemical pathways associated with acylcarnitines, thereby providing a strong foundation for further clarification of their physiological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maija Dambrova
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Janis Kuka
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Reinis Vilskersts
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Didi Nordberg
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Misty M Attwood
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Stefan Smesny
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Zumrut Duygu Sen
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - An Chi Guo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Eponine Oler
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Siyang Tian
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Jiamin Zheng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - David S Wishart
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia (M.D., M.M.-K., J.K., R.V., E.L.); Section of Functional Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden, (D.N., M.M.A., H.B.S.); Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany (S.S., Z.D.S.); and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (A.C.G., E.O., S.T., J.Z., D.S.W.)
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Chewing the Fat with Microbes: Lipid Crosstalk in the Gut. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030573. [PMID: 35276931 PMCID: PMC8840455 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
It is becoming increasingly important for any project aimed at understanding the effects of diet on human health, to also consider the combined effect of the trillions of microbes within the gut which modify and are modified by dietary nutrients. A healthy microbiome is diverse and contributes to host health, partly via the production and subsequent host absorption of secondary metabolites. Many of the beneficial bacteria in the gut rely on specific nutrients, such as dietary fiber, to survive and thrive. In the absence of those nutrients, the relative proportion of good commensal bacteria dwindles while communities of opportunistic, and potentially pathogenic, bacteria expand. Therefore, it is unsurprising that both diet and the gut microbiome have been associated with numerous human diseases. Inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer are associated with the presence of certain pathogenic bacteria and risk increases with consumption of a Western diet, which is typically high in fat, protein, and refined carbohydrates, but low in plant-based fibers. Indeed, despite increased screening and better care, colorectal cancer is still the 2nd leading cause of cancer death in the US and is the 3rd most diagnosed cancer among US men and women. Rates are rising worldwide as diets are becoming more westernized, alongside rising rates of metabolic diseases like obesity and diabetes. Understanding how a modern diet influences the microbiota and how subsequent microbial alterations effect human health will become essential in guiding personalized nutrition and healthcare in the future. Herein, we will summarize some of the latest advances in understanding of the three-way interaction between the human host, the gut microbiome, and the specific class of dietary nutrients, lipids.
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Cahua-Pablo JÁ, Gómez-Zamudio JH, Reséndiz-Abarca CA, Tello-Flores VA, Eulogio-Metodio Y, Ramírez-Vargas MA, Cruz M, Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero L, Matia-García I, Marino-Ortega LA, Zubillaga-Guerrero MI, Flores-Alfaro E. Genetic variants in SLC22A1 are related to serum lipid levels in Mexican women. Lipids 2021; 57:105-114. [PMID: 34927264 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is the main risk factor for coronary artery disease and is characterized by alterations in concentrations of lipids, including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), and triacylglycerols. The participation of several genes in the development of dyslipidemia has been evidenced. Genetic variants in SLC22A1 have been associated with elevated cholesterol and LDL-c levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC22A1 gene with atherogenic risk lipid levels in Mexican women. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were performed, and four SNPs in SLC22A1 were genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was verified, and haplotype frequencies were calculated. We found significant differences between the allele frequencies of the SNPs analyzed with those reported in Mexico and in the world, which could be due to differences in the historical admixture of the women studied. Generalized linear models were evaluated to determine the association between genotypes and haplotypes with lipids levels. We identified a significant increase in total cholesterol and LDL-c levels in women who were carriers of the GA and AG genotypes of the polymorphisms rs628031 and rs594709, respectively, significant effect that is also shown in a dominant inheritance model. Interestingly, we identified an important relationship of the AGC-GAT haplotype with the elevation in LDL-c levels and AGA-GAT haplotype with the elevation in HDL-c levels. On the other hand, we found a strong linkage disequilibrium between the polymorphisms studied. Our results show that variants in the SLC22A1 gene influence serum levels of atherogenic risk lipids, suggesting that these variants probably affect the function of organic cation transporter-1 and therefore, on the regulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Ángel Cahua-Pablo
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Jaime Héctor Gómez-Zamudio
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Reséndiz-Abarca
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Vianet Argelia Tello-Flores
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Yesica Eulogio-Metodio
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Bioquímica, Hospital de Especialidades "Bernardo Sepúlveda", Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luz Del Carmen Alarcón-Romero
- Laboratorio en Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Inés Matia-García
- Laboratorio en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Linda Anahí Marino-Ortega
- Laboratorio en Obesidad y Diabetes, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Ma Isabel Zubillaga-Guerrero
- Laboratorio en Citopatología e Histoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Laboratorio en Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero, Chilpancingo, Mexico
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Kirschner SK, Ten Have GAM, Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Transorgan short-chain fatty acid fluxes in the fasted and postprandial state in the pig. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E665-E673. [PMID: 34605248 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00121.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate are end products of intestinal bacterial fermentation and important mediators in the interplay between the intestine and peripheral organs. To unravel the transorgan fluxes and mass balance comparisons of SCFAs, we measured their net fluxes across several organs in a translational pig model. In multicatheterized conscious pigs [n = 12, 25.6 (95% CI [24.2, 26.9]) kg, 8-12 wk old], SCFA fluxes across portal-drained viscera (PDV), liver, kidneys, and hindquarter (muscle compartment) were measured after an overnight fast and in the postprandial state, 4 h after administration of a fiber-free, mixed meal. PDV was the main releasing compartment of acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate during fasting and in the postprandial state (all P = 0.001). Splanchnic acetate release was high due to the absence of hepatic clearance. All other SCFAs were extensively taken up by the liver (all P < 0.05). Even though only 7% [4, 10] (propionate), 42% [23, 60] (butyrate), 26% [12, 39] (isovalerate), and 3% [0.4, 5] (valerate) of PDV release were excreted from the splanchnic area in the fasted state, splanchnic release of all SCFAs was significant (all P values ≤0.01). Splanchnic propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate release remained low but significant in the postprandial state (all P values <0.01). We identified muscle and kidneys as main peripheral SCFA metabolizing organs, taking up the majority of all splanchnically released SCFAs in the fasted state and in the postprandial state. We conclude that the PDV is the main SCFA releasing and the liver the main SCFA metabolizing organ. Splanchnically released SCFAs appear to be important energy substrates to peripheral organs not only in the fasted but also in the postprandial state.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using a multicatheterized pig model, we identified the portal-drained viscera as the main releasing compartment of the short-chain fatty acids acetate, propionate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate in the fasted and postprandial states. Low hepatic acetate metabolism resulted in a high splanchnic release, whereas all other SCFAs were extensively cleared resulting in low but significant splanchnic releases. Muscle and kidneys are the main peripheral SCFA metabolizing organs during fasting and in the postprandial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Kirschner
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gabriëlla A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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9
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Tosi I, Art T, Boemer F, Votion DM, Davis MS. Acylcarnitine profile in Alaskan sled dogs during submaximal multiday exercise points out metabolic flexibility and liver role in energy metabolism. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256009. [PMID: 34383825 PMCID: PMC8360531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alaskan sled dogs develop a particular metabolic strategy during multiday submaximal exercise, allowing them to switch from intra-muscular to extra-muscular energy substrates thus postponing fatigue. Specifically, a progressively increasing stimulus for hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis provides glucose for both fueling exercise and replenishing the depleted muscle glycogen. Moreover, recent studies have shown that with continuation of exercise sled dogs increase their insulin-sensitivity and their capacity to transport and oxidize glucose and carbohydrates rather than oxidizing fatty acids. Carnitine and acylcarnitines (AC) play an essential role as metabolic regulators in both fat and glucose metabolism; they serve as biomarkers in different species in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. We assessed the effect of multiday exercise in conditioned sled dogs on plasma short (SC), medium (MC) and long (LC) chain AC by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Our results show chain-specific modification of AC profiles during the exercise challenge: LCACs maintained a steady increase throughout exercise, some SCACs increased during the last phase of exercise and acetylcarnitine (C2) initially increased before decreasing during the later phase of exercise. We speculated that SCACs kinetics could reflect an increased protein catabolism and C2 pattern could reflect its hepatic uptake for energy-generating purposes to sustain gluconeogenesis. LCACs may be exported by muscle to avoid their accumulation to preserve glucose oxidation and insulin-sensitivity or they could be distributed by liver as energy substrates. These findings, although representing a “snapshot” of blood as a crossing point between different organs, shed further light on sled dogs metabolism that is liver-centric and more carbohydrate-dependent than fat-dependent and during prolonged submaximal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tosi
- Department of Functional Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Tatiana Art
- Department of Functional Sciences, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Boemer
- Biochemical Genetics Laboratory, CHU Sart-Tilman, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Dominique-Marie Votion
- Equine pole, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael S. Davis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
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10
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Maj M, Harbottle B, Thomas PA, Hernandez GV, Smith VA, Edwards MS, Fanter RK, Glanz HS, Immoos C, Burrin DG, Santiago-Rodriguez TM, La Frano MR, Manjarín R. Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Compared with Sucrose Promotes Adiposity and Increased Triglyceridemia but Comparable NAFLD Severity in Juvenile Iberian Pigs. J Nutr 2021; 151:1139-1149. [PMID: 33693900 PMCID: PMC8112773 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose consumption has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. However, the effect of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) compared with sucrose in pediatric NAFLD has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We tested whether the isocaloric substitution of dietary sucrose by HFCS would increase the severity of NAFLD in juvenile pigs, and whether this effect would be associated with changes in gut histology, SCFA production, and microbial diversity. METHODS Iberian pigs, 53-d-old and pair-housed in pens balanced for weight and sex, were randomly assigned to receive a mash diet top-dressed with increasing amounts of sucrose (SUC; n = 3 pens; 281.6-486.8 g/kg diet) or HFCS (n = 4; 444.3-724.8 g/kg diet) during 16 wk. Diets exceeded the animal's energy requirements by providing sugars in excess, but met the requirements for all other nutrients. Animals were killed at 165 d of age after blood sampling, and liver, muscle, and gut were collected for histology, metabolome, and microbiome analyses. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics. RESULTS Compared with SUC, HFCS increased subcutaneous fat, triacylglycerides in plasma, and butyrate in colon (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, HFCS decreased UMP and short-chain acyl carnitines in liver, and urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum (P ≤ 0.05). Microbiome analysis showed a 24.8% average dissimilarity between HFCS and SUC associated with changes in SCFA-producing bacteria. Body weight gain, intramuscular fat, histological and serum markers of liver injury, and circulating hormones, glucose, and proinflammatory cytokines did not differ between diets. CONCLUSIONS Fructose consumption derived from HFCS promoted butyrate synthesis, triglyceridemia, and subcutaneous lipid deposition in juvenile Iberian pigs, but did not increase serum and histological markers of NAFLD compared with a sucrose-enriched diet. Longer studies could be needed to observe differences in liver injury among sugar types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maj
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Harbottle
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Payton A Thomas
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Gabriella V Hernandez
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A Smith
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Edwards
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Rob K Fanter
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Hunter S Glanz
- Statistics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Chad Immoos
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael R La Frano
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Food Science and Nutrition Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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11
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Miguel V, Tituaña J, Herrero JI, Herrero L, Serra D, Cuevas P, Barbas C, Puyol DR, Márquez-Expósito L, Ruiz-Ortega M, Castillo C, Sheng X, Susztak K, Ruiz-Canela M, Salas-Salvadó J, González MAM, Ortega S, Ramos R, Lamas S. Renal tubule Cpt1a overexpression protects from kidney fibrosis by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140695. [PMID: 33465052 DOI: 10.1172/jci140695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains a major epidemiological, clinical, and biomedical challenge. During CKD, renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) present a persistent inflammatory and profibrotic response. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), the main source of energy for TECs, is reduced in kidney fibrosis and contributes to its pathogenesis. To determine whether gain of function in FAO (FAO-GOF) could protect from fibrosis, we generated a conditional transgenic mouse model with overexpression of the fatty acid shuttling enzyme carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) in TECs. Cpt1a-knockin (CPT1A-KI) mice subjected to 3 models of renal fibrosis (unilateral ureteral obstruction, folic acid nephropathy [FAN], and adenine-induced nephrotoxicity) exhibited decreased expression of fibrotic markers, a blunted proinflammatory response, and reduced epithelial cell damage and macrophage influx. Protection from fibrosis was also observed when Cpt1a overexpression was induced after FAN. FAO-GOF restored oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial number and enhanced bioenergetics, increasing palmitate oxidation and ATP levels, changes that were also recapitulated in TECs exposed to profibrotic stimuli. Studies in patients showed decreased CPT1 levels and increased accumulation of short- and middle-chain acylcarnitines, reflecting impaired FAO in human CKD. We propose that strategies based on FAO-GOF may constitute powerful alternatives to combat fibrosis inherent to CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Miguel
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Tituaña
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Herrero
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Cuevas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Barbas
- Centre for Metabolomics and Bioanalysis (CEMBIO), Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, Pharmacy Faculty, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, Boadilla del Monte, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Rodríguez Puyol
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Research Foundation of the University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias," IRYCIS, Alcalá University, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Márquez-Expósito
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory. Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular and Molecular Biology in Renal and Vascular Pathology Laboratory. Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Castillo
- University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xin Sheng
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA (Health Research Institute of Navarra), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Human Nutrition Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pere Virgili Health Research Institute, Rovira i Virgili University, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez González
- University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA (Health Research Institute of Navarra), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sagrario Ortega
- Transgenics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ramos
- Genomic Facility, Parque Científico de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Program of Physiological and Pathological Processes, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO) (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Ten Have GAM, Jansen L, Schooneman MG, Engelen MPKJ, Deutz NEP. Metabolic flux analysis of branched-chain amino and keto acids (BCAA, BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid across multiple organs in the pig. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 320:E629-E640. [PMID: 33522397 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00384.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites the branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) are involved in the regulation of key signaling pathways in the anabolic response to a meal. However, their (inter)organ kinetics remain unclear. Therefore, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) [leucine (Leu), valine (Val), isoleucine (Ile)], BCKA [α-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC), 3-methyl-2-oxovaleric acid (KMV), 2-oxoisovalerate (KIV)], and HMB across organ net fluxes were measured. In multi-catheterized pigs (n = 12, ±25 kg), net fluxes across liver, portal drained viscera (PDV), kidney, and hindquarter (HQ, muscle compartment) were measured before and 4 h after bolus feeding of a complete meal (30% daily intake) in conscious state. Arterial and venous plasma were collected and concentrations were measured by LC- or GC-MS/MS. Data are expressed as mean [95% CI] and significance (P < 0.05) from zero by the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. In the postabsorptive state (in nmol/kg body wt/min), the kidney takes up HMB (3.2[1.3,5.0]) . BCKA is taken up by PDV (144[13,216]) but no release by other organs. In the postprandial state, the total net fluxes over 4 h (in µmol/kg body wt/4 h) showed a release of all BCKA by HQ (46.2[34.2,58.2]), KIC by the PDV (12.3[7.0,17.6]), and KIV by the kidney (10.0[2.3,178]). HMB was released by the liver (0.76[0.49,1.0]). All BCKA were taken up by the liver (200[133,268]). Substantial differences are present in (inter)organ metabolism and transport among the BCAA and its metabolites BCKA and HMB. The presented data in a translation animal model are relevant for the future development of optimized clinical nutrition.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and their metabolites the branched-chain keto acids (BCKA) and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) are involved in the regulation of key signaling pathways in the anabolic response to a meal. Substantial differences are present in (inter)organ metabolism and transport among the BCAA and its metabolites BCKA and HMB. The presented data in a translation animal model are relevant for the future development of optimized clinical nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Lisa Jansen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Marieke G Schooneman
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marielle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas
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13
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Stevanović-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Pereira S, Rocha H, Gaspar TB, Gärtner F, Correia R, Martins MJ, Guimarães T, Martins S, Oliveira PJ, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Maternal high-fat high-sucrose diet and gestational exercise modulate hepatic fat accumulation and liver mitochondrial respiratory capacity in mothers and male offspring. Metabolism 2021; 116:154704. [PMID: 33421507 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal high-caloric nutrition and related gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are associated with a high-risk for developing metabolic complications later in life and in their offspring. In contrast, exercise is recognized as a non-pharmacological strategy against metabolic dysfunctions associated to lifestyle disorders. Therefore, we investigated whether gestational exercise delays the development of metabolic alterations in GDM mothers later in life, but also protects 6-week-old male offspring from adverse effects of maternal diet. METHODS Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with either control (C) or high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet to induce GDM and submitted to gestational exercise during the 3 weeks of pregnancy. Male offspring were sedentary and fed with C-diet. RESULTS Sedentary HFHS-fed dams exhibited increased gestational body weight gain (p < 0.01) and glucose intolerance (p < 0.01), characteristic of GDM. Their offspring had normal glucose metabolism, but increased early-age body weight, which was reverted by gestational exercise. Gestational exercise also reduced offspring hepatic triglycerides accumulation (p < 0.05) and improved liver mitochondrial respiration capacity (p < 0.05), contributing to the recovery of liver bioenergetics compromised by maternal HFHS diet. Interestingly, liver mitochondrial respiration remained increased by gestational exercise in HFHS-fed dams despite prolonged HFHS consumption and exercise cessation. CONCLUSIONS Gestational exercise can result in liver mitochondrial adaptations in GDM animals, which can be preserved even after the exercise program cessation. Exposure to maternal GDM programs liver metabolic setting of male offspring, whereas gestational exercise appears as an important preventive tool against maternal diet-induced metabolic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Bordeira Gaspar
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Cancer Signalling and Metabolism Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (Ipatimup), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Medical Faculty of University of Porto (FMUP), 4200-139 Porto, Portugal; Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Gärtner
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; Glycobiology in Cancer Group, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of University of Porto (Ipatimup), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rossana Correia
- HEMS - Histology and Electron Microscopy Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal,; Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria João Martins
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health Sciences (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Martins
- Department of Clinical Pathology, São João Hospital Centre, EPE, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; EPIUnit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Bruls YMH, op den Kamp YJM, Phielix E, Lindeboom L, Havekes B, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Wildberger JE, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Schrauwen-Hinderling VB. L-carnitine infusion does not alleviate lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239506. [PMID: 32976523 PMCID: PMC7518598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low carnitine status may underlie the development of insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility. Intravenous lipid infusion elevates plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration and is a model for simulating insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility in healthy, insulin sensitive volunteers. Here, we hypothesized that co-infusion of L-carnitine may alleviate lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility. METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, eight young healthy volunteers underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps (40mU/m2/min) with simultaneous infusion of saline (CON), Intralipid (20%, 90mL/h) (LIPID), or Intralipid (20%, 90mL/h) combined with L-carnitine infusion (28mg/kg) (LIPID+CAR). Ten volunteers were randomized for the intervention arms (CON, LIPID and LIPID+CAR), but two dropped-out during the study. Therefore, eight volunteers participated in all three intervention arms and were included for analysis. RESULTS L-carnitine infusion elevated plasma free carnitine availability and resulted in a more pronounced increase in plasma acetylcarnitine, short-, medium-, and long-chain acylcarnitines compared to lipid infusion, however no differences in skeletal muscle free carnitine or acetylcarnitine were found. Peripheral insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility were blunted upon lipid infusion compared to CON but L-carnitine infusion did not alleviate this. CONCLUSION Acute L-carnitine infusion could not alleviated lipid-induced insulin resistance and metabolic inflexibility and did not alter skeletal muscle carnitine availability. Possibly, lipid-induced insulin resistance may also have affected carnitine uptake and may have blunted the insulin-induced carnitine storage in muscle. Future studies are needed to investigate this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M. H. Bruls
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvo J. M. op den Kamp
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Phielix
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Lindeboom
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Havekes
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Schaart
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Moonen-Kornips
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim E. Wildberger
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Departments of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Departments of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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15
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Kasepalu T, Kuusik K, Lepner U, Starkopf J, Zilmer M, Eha J, Vähi M, Kals J. Remote ischaemic preconditioning influences the levels of acylcarnitines in vascular surgery: a randomised clinical trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:76. [PMID: 32968425 PMCID: PMC7501679 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular surgery patients have reduced tissues` blood supply, which may lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of acylcarnitines (ACs).
It has been suggested that remote ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC) has its organ protective effect via promoting mitochondrial function.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of RIPC on the profile of ACs in the vascular surgery patients. Methods This is a randomised, sham-controlled, double-blinded, single-centre study. Patients undergoing open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, surgical lower limb revascularisation surgery or carotid endarterectomy were recruited non-consecutively. The RIPC protocol consisting of 4 cycles of 5 min of ischaemia, followed by 5 min of reperfusion, was applied. A blood pressure cuff was used for RIPC or a sham procedure. Blood was collected preoperatively and approximately 24 h postoperatively. The profile of ACs was analysed using the AbsoluteIDQp180 kit (Biocrates Life Sciences AG, Innsbruck, Austria). Results Ninety-eight patients were recruited and randomised into the study groups and 45 patients from the RIPC group and 47 patients from the sham group were included in final analysis. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the changes in C3-OH (p = 0.023)—there was a decrease (− 0.007 µmol/L, ± 0.020 µmol/L, p = 0.0233) in the RIPC group and increase (0.002 µmol/L, ± 0.015 µmol/L, p = 0.481) in the sham group. Additionally, a decrease from baseline to 24 h after surgery (p < 0.05) was detected both in the sham and the RIPC group in the levels of following ACs: C2, C8, C10, C10:1, C12, C12:1, C14:1, C14:2, C16, C16:1, C18, C18:1, C18:2. In the sham group, there was an increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of C0 (carnitine) and a decrease in the level of C18:1-OH. In the RIPC group, a decrease (p < 0.05) was noted in the levels of C3-OH, C3-DC (C4-OH), C6:1, C9, C10:2. Conclusions It can be concluded that RIPC may have an effect on the levels of ACs and might therefore have protective effects on mitochondria in the vascular surgery patients. Further larger studies conducted on homogenous populations are needed to make more definite conclusions about the effect of RIPC on the metabolism of ACs. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov database, NCT02689414. Registered 24 February 2016—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02689414. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12986-020-00495-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teele Kasepalu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karl Kuusik
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Urmas Lepner
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joel Starkopf
- Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mihkel Zilmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaan Eha
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mare Vähi
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jaak Kals
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tartu, Puusepa 8, 50406 Tartu, Estonia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Centre of Excellence for Genomics and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Mercer KE, Ten Have GAM, Pack L, Lan R, Deutz NEP, Adams SH, Piccolo BD. Net release and uptake of xenometabolites across intestinal, hepatic, muscle, and renal tissue beds in healthy conscious pigs. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2020; 319:G133-G141. [PMID: 32538141 PMCID: PMC7500263 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00153.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Xenometabolites from microbial and plant sources are thought to confer beneficial as well as deleterious effects on host physiology. Studies determining absorption and tissue uptake of xenometabolites are limited. We utilized a conscious catheterized pig model to evaluate interorgan flux of annotated known and suspected xenometabolites, derivatives, and bile acids. Female pigs (n = 12, 2-3 mo old, 25.6 ± 2.2 kg) had surgically implanted catheters across portal-drained viscera (PDV), splanchnic compartment (SPL), liver, kidney, and hindquarter muscle. Overnight-fasted arterial and venous plasma was collected simultaneously in a conscious state and stored at -80°C. Thawed samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plasma flow was determined with para-aminohippuric acid dilution technology and used to calculate net organ balance for each metabolite. Significant organ uptake or release was determined if net balance differed from zero. A total of 48 metabolites were identified in plasma, and 31 of these had at least one tissue with a significant net release or uptake. All bile acids, indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-arylic acid, and hydrocinnamic acid were released from the intestine and taken up by the liver. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, p-cresol glucuronide, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, dodecanendioic acid, and phenylacetylglycine were also released from the intestines. Liver or kidney uptake was noted for indole-3-acetylglycine, p-cresol glucuronide, atrolactic acid, and dodecanedioic acid. Indole-3-carboxaldehyde, atrolactic acid, and dodecanedioic acids showed net release from skeletal muscle. The results confirm gastrointestinal origins for several known xenometabolites in an in vivo overnight-fasted conscious pig model, whereas nongut net release of other putative xenometabolites suggests a more complex metabolism.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Xenometabolites from microbe origins influence host health and disease, but absorption and tissue uptake of these metabolites remain speculative. Results herein are the first to demonstrate in vivo organ uptake and release of these metabolites. We used a conscious catheterized pig model to confirm gastrointestinal origins for several xenometabolites (e.g., indolic compounds, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, dodecanendioic acid, and phenylacetylgycine). Liver and kidney were major sites for xenometabolite uptake, likely highlighting liver conjugation metabolism and renal excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E. Mercer
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Gabriella A. M. Ten Have
- 3Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Lindsay Pack
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Renny Lan
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Nicolaas E. P. Deutz
- 3Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sean H. Adams
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Brian D. Piccolo
- 1Arkansas Children’s Nutrition Center, Little Rock, Arkansas,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas
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17
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Hoek MD, Nieuwenhuizen AG, Kuda O, Bos P, Paluchová V, Verschuren L, Hoek AM, Kleemann R, Veeger NJGM, Leij FR, Keijer J. Intramuscular short‐chain acylcarnitines in elderly people are decreased in (pre‐)frail females, but not in males. FASEB J 2020; 34:11658-11671. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000493r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjanne D. Hoek
- Human and Animal Physiology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
- Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences Leeuwarden the Netherlands
- MCL Academy, Medical Centre Leeuwarden Leeuwarden the Netherlands
| | | | - Ondřej Kuda
- Institute of Physiology Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czech Republic
| | - Paul Bos
- MCL Academy, Medical Centre Leeuwarden Leeuwarden the Netherlands
| | | | - Lars Verschuren
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Department of Metabolic Health Research TNO Metabolic Health Research Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Anita M. Hoek
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Department of Metabolic Health Research TNO Metabolic Health Research Leiden the Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO) Department of Metabolic Health Research TNO Metabolic Health Research Leiden the Netherlands
| | | | - Feike R. Leij
- Applied Research Centre Food and Dairy Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences Leeuwarden the Netherlands
- RIC‐AFL Inholland University of Applied Sciences Delft and Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology Wageningen University Wageningen the Netherlands
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18
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Nambo-Venegas R, Valdez-Vargas C, Cisneros B, Palacios-González B, Vela-Amieva M, Ibarra-González I, Cerecedo-Zapata CM, Martínez-Cruz E, Cortés H, Reyes-Grajeda JP, Magaña JJ. Altered Plasma Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids Profile in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030390. [PMID: 32138195 PMCID: PMC7175318 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by cerebellar ataxia and retinal degeneration, is caused by an abnormal CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN7 gene coding region. The onset and severity of SCA7 are highly variable between patients, thus identification of sensitive biomarkers that accurately diagnose the disease and monitoring its progression are needed. With the aim of identified SCA7-specific metabolites with clinical relevance, we report for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, a metabolomics profiling of circulating acylcarnitines and amino acids in SCA7 patients. We identified 21 metabolites with altered levels in SCA7 patients and determined two different sets of metabolites with diagnostic power. The first signature of metabolites (Valine, Leucine, and Tyrosine) has the ability to discriminate between SCA7 patients and healthy controls, while the second one (Methionine, 3-hydroxytetradecanoyl-carnitine, and 3-hydroxyoctadecanoyl-carnitine) possess the capability to differentiate between early-onset and adult-onset patients, as shown by the multivariate model and ROC analyses. Furthermore, enrichment analyses of metabolic pathways suggest alterations in mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and fatty acid beta-oxidation in SCA7 patients. In summary, circulating SCA7-specific metabolites identified in this study could serve as effective predictors of SCA7 progression in the clinics, as they are sampled in accessible biofluid and assessed by a relatively simple biochemical assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Nambo-Venegas
- Laboratory of Chronic Diseases Biochemistry, National Genomics Medicine Institute (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
| | - Claudia Valdez-Vargas
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (C.V.-V.); (H.C.)
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | - Bulmaro Cisneros
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Center of Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City 07360, Mexico;
| | | | - Marcela Vela-Amieva
- Laboratory of Inborn errors of metabolism, National Pediatrics Institute (INP), Mexico City 04530, Mexico;
| | | | - César M. Cerecedo-Zapata
- Rehabilitation and Special Education Center of Veracruz (CRISVER-DIF), Xalapa 91097, Veracruz, Mexico; (C.M.C.-Z.)
| | - Emilio Martínez-Cruz
- Rehabilitation and Special Education Center of Veracruz (CRISVER-DIF), Xalapa 91097, Veracruz, Mexico; (C.M.C.-Z.)
| | - Hernán Cortés
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (C.V.-V.); (H.C.)
| | - Juan P. Reyes-Grajeda
- Laboratory of Chronic Diseases Biochemistry, National Genomics Medicine Institute (INMEGEN), Mexico City 14610, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (J.P.R.-G.); or (J.J.M.); Tel.: +52-55-5350-1900 (ext. 1192) (J.P.R.-G.); +52-55- 5999-1000 (ext. 14708) (J.J.M.)
| | - Jonathan J. Magaña
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Genetics, National Rehabilitation Institute (INR-LGII), Mexico City 14389, Mexico; (C.V.-V.); (H.C.)
- Correspondence: (J.P.R.-G.); or (J.J.M.); Tel.: +52-55-5350-1900 (ext. 1192) (J.P.R.-G.); +52-55- 5999-1000 (ext. 14708) (J.J.M.)
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19
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Ghaffari MH, Sadri H, Schuh K, Dusel G, Prehn C, Adamski J, Koch C, Sauerwein H. Alterations of the acylcarnitine profiles in blood serum and in muscle from periparturient cows with normal or elevated body condition. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:4777-4794. [PMID: 32113781 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to characterize muscle and blood serum acylcarnitine (AcylCN) profiles and to determine the mRNA abundance of muscle carnitine acyltransferases in periparturient dairy cows with high (HBCS) and normal body condition (NBCS). Fifteen weeks antepartum, 38 pregnant multiparous Holstein cows were assigned to 2 groups that were fed differently to reach the targeted BCS and backfat thickness (BFT) until dry-off at -49 d before calving (HBCS: BCS >3.75 and BFT >1.4 cm; NBCS: <3.5 and <1.2 cm). Thereafter, both groups were fed identical diets. Blood samples and biopsies from the semitendinosus muscle were collected on d -49, 3, 21, and 84 relative to calving. Actual BCS at d -49 were 3.02 ± 0.24 and 3.82 ± 0.33 (mean ± SD) for NBCS and HBCS, respectively. In both groups, serum profiles showed marked changes during the periparturient period, with decreasing concentrations of free carnitine and increasing concentrations of long-chain AcylCN. Compared with NBCS, HBCS had greater serum long-chain AcylCN in early lactation, which may point to an insufficient adaptation of their metabolism in response to the metabolic load of fatty acids around parturition. The muscle concentrations of C5-, C9-, C18:1-, and C18:2-AcylCN were lower and those of C14:2-AcylCN were greater in HBCS than in NBCS cows. The mRNA abundance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT)1, muscle isoform (CPT1b) and CPT2 increased from d -49 to early lactation (d 3, d 21), followed by a decline to nearly antepartum values by d 84; this change was not affected by group. In conclusion, over-conditioning around calving seems to be associated with mitochondrial overload, which can result in incomplete fatty acid oxidation in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza H Ghaffari
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Hassan Sadri
- Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, 516616471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Katharina Schuh
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Georg Dusel
- Department of Life Sciences and Engineering, Animal Nutrition and Hygiene Unit, University of Applied Sciences Bingen, 55411 Bingen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology and Metabolism, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan 85350, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Christian Koch
- Educational and Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, Hofgut Neumuehle, 67728 Muenchweileran der Alsenz, Germany
| | - Helga Sauerwein
- Institute of Animal Science, Physiology & Hygiene Unit, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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20
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Ribot J, Arreguín A, Kuda O, Kopecky J, Palou A, Bonet ML. Novel Markers of the Metabolic Impact of Exogenous Retinoic Acid with A Focus on Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3640. [PMID: 31349613 PMCID: PMC6696161 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), the carboxylic form of vitamin A, lowers body weight in rodents by promoting oxidative metabolism in multiple tissues including white and brown adipose tissues. We aimed to identify novel markers of the metabolic impact of ATRA through targeted blood metabolomics analyses, with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids. Blood was obtained from mice treated with a high ATRA dose (50 mg/kg body weight/day, subcutaneous injection) or placebo (controls) during the 4 days preceding collection. LC-MS/MS analyses with a focus on acylcarnitines and amino acids were conducted on plasma and PBMC. Main results showed that, relative to controls, ATRA-treated mice had in plasma: increased levels of carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and longer acylcarnitine species; decreased levels of citrulline, and increased global arginine bioavailability ratio for nitric oxide synthesis; increased levels of creatine, taurine and docosahexaenoic acid; and a decreased n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio. While some of these features likely reflect the stimulation of lipid mobilization and oxidation promoted by ATRA treatment systemically, other may also play a causal role underlying ATRA actions. The results connect ATRA to specific nutrition-modulated biochemical pathways, and suggest novel mechanisms of action of vitamin A-derived retinoic acid on metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Ribot
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Andrea Arreguín
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Department of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Andreu Palou
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa Bonet
- Grup de Recerca Nutrigenòmica i Obesitat, Laboratori de Biologia Molecular, Nutrició i Biotecnologia (LBNB), Universitat de les Illes Balears, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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21
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Makarova E, Makrecka-Kuka M, Vilks K, Volska K, Sevostjanovs E, Grinberga S, Zarkova-Malkova O, Dambrova M, Liepinsh E. Decreases in Circulating Concentrations of Long-Chain Acylcarnitines and Free Fatty Acids During the Glucose Tolerance Test Represent Tissue-Specific Insulin Sensitivity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:870. [PMID: 31920980 PMCID: PMC6927987 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Insulin plays a pivotal role in the regulation of both carbohydrate and lipid intermediate turnover and metabolism. In the transition from a fasted to fed state, insulin action inhibits lipolysis in adipocytes, and acylcarnitine synthesis in the muscles and heart. The aim of this study was to measure free fatty acid (FFA) and acylcarnitine levels during the glucose tolerance test as indicators of tissue-specific insulin resistance. Results: Insulin release in response to glucose administration decreased both FFA and long-chain acylcarnitine levels in plasma in healthy control animals by 30% (120 min). The glucose tolerance test and [3H]-deoxy-D-glucose uptake in tissues revealed that high fat diet-induced lipid overload in C57bl/6N mice evoked only adipose tissue insulin resistance, and plasma levels of FFAs did not decrease after glucose administration. In comparison, db/db mice developed type 2 diabetes with severely impaired insulin sensitivity and up to 70% lower glucose uptake in both adipose tissues and muscles (skeletal muscle and heart), and both plasma concentrations of FFAs and long-chain acylcarnitines did not decrease in response to glucose administration. Conclusions: These results link impaired adipose tissue insulin sensitivity with continuous FFA release in the transition from a fasted to postprandial state, while a blunted decrease in long-chain acylcarnitine levels is associated with muscle and heart insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Makarova
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Karlis Vilks
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia
| | - Kristine Volska
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Olga Zarkova-Malkova
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Pharmaceutical Pharmacology, Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
- *Correspondence: Edgars Liepinsh
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22
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Rossi A, Ruoppolo M, Formisano P, Villani G, Albano L, Gallo G, Crisci D, Moccia A, Parenti G, Strisciuglio P, Melis D. Insulin-resistance in glycogen storage disease type Ia: linking carbohydrates and mitochondria? J Inherit Metab Dis 2018; 41:985-995. [PMID: 29435782 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-018-0149-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen storage disease type I (GSDI) is an inborn error of carbohydrate metabolism caused by mutations of either the G6PC gene (GSDIa) or the SLC37A4 gene (GSDIb). GSDIa patients are at higher risk of developing insulin-resistance (IR). Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the development of IR. Mitochondrial dysfunction can demonstrate abnormalities in plama acylcarnitines (ACs) and urine organic acids (UOA). The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of mitochondrial impairment in GSDI patients and its possible connection with IR. METHODS Fourteen GSDIa, seven GSDIb patients, 28 and 14 age and sex-matched controls, were enrolled. Plasma ACs, UOA, and surrogate markers of IR (HOMA-IR, QUICKI, ISI, VAI) were measured. RESULTS GSDIa patients showed higher short-chain ACs and long-chain ACs levels and increased urinary excretion of lactate, pyruvate, 2-ketoglutarate, 3-methylglutaconate, adipate, suberate, aconitate, ethylmalonate, fumarate, malate, sebacate, 4-octenedioate, 3OH-suberate, and 3-methylglutarate than controls (p < 0.05). GSDIb patients showed higher C0 and C4 levels and increased urinary excretion of lactate, 3-methylglutarate and suberate than controls (p < 0.05). In GSDIa patients C18 levels correlated with insulin serum levels, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, and ISI; long-chain ACs levels correlated with cholesterol, triglycerides, ALT serum levels, and VAI. DISCUSSION Increased plasma ACs and abnormal UOA profile suggest mitochondrial impairment in GSDIa. Correlation data suggest a possible connection between mitochondrial impairment and IR. We hypothesized that mitochondrial overload might generate by-products potentially affecting the insulin signaling pathway, leading to IR. On the basis of the available data, the possible pathomechanism for IR in GSDIa is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rossi
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Margherita Ruoppolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Clinical Pathology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Villani
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Albano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Crisci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzates.c.ar.l., Naples, Italy
| | - Augusta Moccia
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Clinical Pathology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Parenti
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Strisciuglio
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational Medical Science, Section of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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23
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Muilwijk M, Vaz FM, Celis-Morales C, Peters RJG, van Valkengoed IGM. The Association of Acylcarnitines and Amino Acids With Age in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese Living in Amsterdam. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:3783-3791. [PMID: 30113646 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease occur more frequently and at a younger age in South-Asians than Europeans. This may be related to differences in regulation of the fatty acid metabolism during aging. We compared age-related acylcarnitine and amino acid concentrations in Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese study participants. METHODS We measured types of acylcarnitine and amino acid concentrations in plasma (by tandem mass spectrometry) in a random subsample of 350 Dutch and 350 South-Asian Surinamese origin participants of the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting study (Amsterdam, Netherlands). We derived principal components (PCs) from the metabolites. Linear regression was used to assess differences in PCs and individual metabolite concentrations, and their age trends between the groups by sex. We adjusted for body mass index and intake of fat and total energy. RESULTS Mean age was 44.8 (SD, 13.3) years. Amino acid concentrations were higher among South-Asian Surinamese women compared with Dutch women; acylcarnitine and amino acid levels were higher among South-Asian Surinamese men than Dutch men. Metabolite levels increased similarly with age in both ethnic groups. Results remained similar after adjustment. CONCLUSION Ethnic differences in metabolite concentrations suggest that fatty acid and amino acid metabolism are more dysregulated among South-Asian Surinamese compared with Dutch from a young age. During adulthood, metabolites increase similarly in both ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe Muilwijk
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frédéric M Vaz
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ron J G Peters
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irene G M van Valkengoed
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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24
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Eggink HM, van Nierop FS, Schooneman MG, Boelen A, Kalsbeek A, Koehorst M, ten Have GA, de Brauw LM, Groen AK, Romijn JA, Deutz NE, Soeters MR. Transhepatic bile acid kinetics in pigs and humans. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1406-1414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Sips FLP, Eggink HM, Hilbers PAJ, Soeters MR, Groen AK, van Riel NAW. In Silico Analysis Identifies Intestinal Transit as a Key Determinant of Systemic Bile Acid Metabolism. Front Physiol 2018; 9:631. [PMID: 29951001 PMCID: PMC6008656 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids fulfill a variety of metabolic functions including regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Since changes of bile acid metabolism accompany obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and bariatric surgery, there is great interest in their role in metabolic health. Here, we developed a mathematical model of systemic bile acid metabolism, and subsequently performed in silico analyses to gain quantitative insight into the factors determining plasma bile acid measurements. Intestinal transit was found to have a surprisingly central role in plasma bile acid appearance, as was evidenced by both the necessity of detailed intestinal transit functions for a physiological description of bile acid metabolism as well as the importance of the intestinal transit parameters in determining plasma measurements. The central role of intestinal transit is further highlighted by the dependency of the early phase of the dynamic response of plasma bile acids after a meal to intestinal propulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fianne L P Sips
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Eggink
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter A J Hilbers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Maarten R Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Natal A W van Riel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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26
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Ethnic differences in metabolite signatures and type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control analysis among people of South Asian, African and European origin. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7:300. [PMID: 29259157 PMCID: PMC5865542 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-017-0003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of metabolites may mark or contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), but there is a lack of data from ethnic groups at high risk. We examined sphingolipids, acylcarnitines and amino acids, and their association with T2D in a nested case–control study among 54 South Asian Surinamese, 54 African Surinamese and 44 Dutch in the Netherlands. Plasma metabolites were determined at baseline (2001–2003), and cumulative prevalence and incidence of T2D at follow-up (2011–2012). Weighted linear and logistic regression analyses were used to study associations. The mean level of most sphingolipids was lower, and amino-acid levels higher, in the Surinamese groups than among the Dutch. Surinamese individuals had higher mono- and polyunsaturated acylcarnitines and lower plasma levels of saturated acylcarnitine species than the Dutch. Several sphingolipids and amino acids were associated with T2D. Although only the shorter acylcarnitines seemed associated with prevalent T2D, we found an association of all acylcarnitines (except C0, C18 and C18:2) with incident T2D. Further analyses suggested a potentially different association of several metabolites across ethnic groups. Extension and confirmation of these findings may improve the understanding of ethnic differences and contribute to early detection of increased individual risk.
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Makrecka-Kuka M, Sevostjanovs E, Vilks K, Volska K, Antone U, Kuka J, Makarova E, Pugovics O, Dambrova M, Liepinsh E. Plasma acylcarnitine concentrations reflect the acylcarnitine profile in cardiac tissues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17528. [PMID: 29235526 PMCID: PMC5727517 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased plasma concentrations of acylcarnitines (ACs) are suggested as a marker of metabolism disorders. The aim of the present study was to clarify which tissues are responsible for changes in the AC pool in plasma. The concentrations of medium- and long-chain ACs were changing during the fed-fast cycle in rat heart, muscles and liver. After 60 min running exercise, AC content was increased in fasted mice muscles, but not in plasma or heart. After glucose bolus administration in fasted rats, the AC concentrations in plasma decreased after 30 min but then began to increase, while in the muscles and liver, the contents of medium- and long-chain ACs were unchanged or even increased. Only the heart showed a decrease in medium- and long-chain AC contents that was similar to that observed in plasma. In isolated rat heart, but not isolated-contracting mice muscles, the significant efflux of medium- and long-chain ACs was observed. The efflux was reduced by 40% after the addition of glucose and insulin to the perfusion solution. Overall, these results indicate that during fed-fast cycle shifting the heart determines the medium- and long-chain AC profile in plasma, due to a rapid response to the availability of circulating energy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia.
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Karlis Vilks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia.,University of Latvia, Faculty of Biology, Jelgavas Str. 1, Riga, LV-1004, Latvia
| | - Kristine Volska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Unigunde Antone
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Janis Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Elina Makarova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Osvalds Pugovics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia.,Riga Stradins University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dzirciema Str. 16, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia
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28
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Bouchouirab FZ, Fortin M, Noll C, Dubé J, Carpentier AC. Plasma Palmitoyl-Carnitine (AC16:0) Is a Marker of Increased Postprandial Nonesterified Incomplete Fatty Acid Oxidation Rate in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. Can J Diabetes 2017; 42:382-388.e1. [PMID: 29129455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid utilization is known to increase radical oxidative stress and induce insulin resistance. An increased level of plasma acylcarnitine (AC) has been proposed to indicate mitochondrial energy substrate overload, a possible mechanism leading to insulin resistance. The aim of our study was to determine fasting and postprandial plasma acetyl-carnitine (AC2:0), palmitoyl-carnitine (AC16:0), oleoyl-carnitine (AC18:1) and linoleoyl-carnitine (AC18:2) levels and their relationships with plasma nonesterified fatty acid appearance and oxidation rates and insulin sensitivity in participants with type 2 diabetes and normoglycemic offspring of 2 parents with type 2 diabetes (FH+) compared to healthy participants without family histories of type 2 diabetes (FH-). METHODS All participants underwent 3 metabolic protocols: 1) a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp at fasting; 2) a 6-hour steady-state oral standard liquid meal and 3) an identical 6-hour steady-state meal intake study with a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. AC levels were measured by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry, and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) rates were measured by stable isotopic tracer techniques with indirect respiratory calorimetry. RESULTS During the insulin clamp at fasting, AC16:0 was significantly higher in the group with type 2 diabetes vs. FH- (p<0.05). In the postprandial state, AC2:0, AC16:0 and AC18:1 decreased significantly, but this reduction was blunted in type 2 diabetes, even during normalization of postprandial glucose levels during the insulin clamp. Fasting AC16:0 correlated with FAO (ρ=+0.604; p=0.0002); triacylglycerol (ρ=+0.427; p<0.02) and waist circumference (ρ=+0.416; p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Spillover of AC occurs in type 2 diabetes but is not fully established in FH+. AC16:0 can be a useful biomarker of excessive FAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zahra Bouchouirab
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Mélanie Fortin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Christophe Noll
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - Jean Dubé
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Medical Biology, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - André C Carpentier
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada.
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Abstract
Fat and carbohydrate are the major fuel sources utilised for oxidative, mitochondrial ATP resynthesis during human skeletal muscle contraction. The relative contribution of these two substrates to ATP resynthesis and total energy expenditure during exercise can vary substantially, and is predominantly determined by fuel availability and exercise intensity and duration. For example, the increased ATP demand that occurs with an increase in exercise intensity is met by increases in both fat and carbohydrate oxidation up to an intensity of approximately 60-70 % of maximal oxygen consumption. When exercise intensity increases beyond this workload, skeletal muscle carbohydrate utilisation is accelerated, which results in a reduction and inhibition of the relative and absolute contribution of fat oxidation to total energy expenditure. However, the precise mechanisms regulating muscle fuel selection and underpinning the decline in fat oxidation remain unclear. This brief review will primarily address the theory that a carbohydrate flux-mediated reduction in the availability of muscle carnitine to the mitochondrial enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, a rate-limiting step in mitochondrial fat translocation, is a key mechanism for the decline in fat oxidation during high-intensity exercise. This is discussed in relation to recent work in this area investigating fuel metabolism at various exercise intensities and taking advantage of the discovery that skeletal muscle carnitine content can be nutritionally increased in vivo in human subjects.
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30
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Kim HI, Raffler J, Lu W, Lee JJ, Abbey D, Saleheen D, Rabinowitz JD, Bennett MJ, Hand NJ, Brown C, Rader DJ. Fine Mapping and Functional Analysis Reveal a Role of SLC22A1 in Acylcarnitine Transport. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:489-502. [PMID: 28942964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified a signal at the SLC22A1 locus for serum acylcarnitines, intermediate metabolites of mitochondrial oxidation whose plasma levels associate with metabolic diseases. Here, we refined the association signal, performed conditional analyses, and examined the linkage structure to find coding variants of SLC22A1 that mediate independent association signals at the locus. We also employed allele-specific expression analysis to find potential regulatory variants of SLC22A1 and demonstrated the effect of one variant on the splicing of SLC22A1. SLC22A1 encodes a hepatic plasma membrane transporter whose role in acylcarnitine physiology has not been described. By targeted metabolomics and isotope tracing experiments in loss- and gain-of-function cell and mouse models of Slc22a1, we uncovered a role of SLC22A1 in the efflux of acylcarnitines from the liver to the circulation. We further validated the impacts of human variants on SLC22A1-mediated acylcarnitine efflux in vitro, explaining their association with serum acylcarnitine levels. Our findings provide the detailed molecular mechanisms of the GWAS association for serum acylcarnitines at the SLC22A1 locus by functionally validating the impact of SLC22A1 and its variants on acylcarnitine transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye In Kim
- Department of Genetics, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Johannes Raffler
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Wenyun Lu
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Deepti Abbey
- Department of Genetics, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael J Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nicholas J Hand
- Department of Genetics, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher Brown
- Department of Genetics, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, The Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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31
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Ten Have GAM, Deutz RCI, Engelen MPKJ, Wolfe RR, Deutz NEP. Characteristics of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced porcine sepsis model for multi-organ metabolic flux measurements. Lab Anim 2017; 52:163-175. [DOI: 10.1177/0023677217718003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Survival of sepsis is related to loss of muscle mass. Therefore, it is imperative to further define and understand the basic alterations in nutrient metabolism in order to improve targeted sepsis nutritional therapies. We developed and evaluated a controlled hyperdynamic severe sepsis pig model that can be used for in vivo multi-organ metabolic studies in a conscious state. In this catheterized pig model, bacteremia was induced intravenously with 109 CFU/h Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in 13 pigs for 18 h. Both the PA and control (nine) animals received fluid resuscitation and were continuously monitored. We examined in detail their hemodynamics, blood gases, clinical chemistry, inflammation, histopathology and organ plasma flows. The systemic inflammatory response (SIRS) diagnostic scoring system was used to determine the clinical septic state. Within 6 h from the start of PA infusion, a septic state developed, as was reflected by hyperthermia and cardiovascular changes. After 12 h of PA infusion, severe sepsis was diagnosed. Disturbed cardiovascular function, decreased portal drained viscera plasma flow (control: 37.6 ± 4.6 mL/kg body weight (bw)/min; PA 20.3 ± 2.6 mL/kg bw/min, P < 0.001), as well as moderate villous injury in the small intestines were observed. No lung, kidney or liver failure was observed. Acute phase C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels did not change in the PA group. However, significant metabolic changes such as enhanced protein breakdown, hypocalcemia and hypocholesterolemia were found. In conclusion, PA-induced bacteremia in a catheterized pig is a clinically relevant model for acute severe sepsis and enables the study of complex multi-organ metabolisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella A M Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Donald W Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Renske C I Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Mariëlle P K J Engelen
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Donald W Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Donald W Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Nicolaas E P Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
- Donald W Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Chondronikola M, Asghar R, Zhang X, Dillon EL, Durham WJ, Wu Z, Porter C, Camacho-Hughes M, Zhao Y, Brasier AR, Volpi E, Sheffield-Moore M, Abate N, Sidossis L, Tuvdendorj D. Palmitoyl-carnitine production by blood cells associates with the concentration of circulating acyl-carnitines in healthy overweight women. Clin Nutr 2016; 36:1310-1319. [PMID: 27624997 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating acyl-carnitines (acyl-CNTs) are associated with insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in both rodents and humans. However, the mechanisms whereby circulating acyl-CNTs are increased in these conditions and their role in whole-body metabolism remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if, in humans, blood cells contribute in production of circulating acyl-CNTs and associate with whole-body fat metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight non-diabetic healthy women (age: 47 ± 19 y; BMI: 26 ± 1 kg·m-2) underwent stable isotope tracer infusion and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study to determine in vivo whole-body fatty acid flux and insulin sensitivity. Blood samples collected at baseline (0 min) and after 3 h of clamp were used to determine the synthesis rate of palmitoyl-carnitine (palmitoyl-CNT) in vitro. The fractional synthesis rate of palmitoyl-CNT was significantly higher during hyperinsulinemia (0.788 ± 0.084 vs. 0.318 ± 0.012%·hr-1, p = 0.001); however, the absolute synthesis rate (ASR) did not differ between the periods (p = 0.809) due to ∼30% decrease in blood palmitoyl-CNT concentration (p = 0.189) during hyperinsulinemia. The ASR of palmitoyl-CNT significantly correlated with the concentration of acyl-CNTs in basal (r = 0.992, p < 0.001) and insulin (r = 0.919, p = 0.001) periods; and the basal ASR significantly correlated with plasma palmitate oxidation (r = 0.764, p = 0.027). CONCLUSION In women, blood cells contribute to plasma acyl-CNT levels and the acyl-CNT production is linked to plasma palmitate oxidation, a marker of whole-body fat metabolism. Future studies are needed to confirm the role of blood cells in acyl-CNT and lipid metabolism under different physiological (i.e., in response to meal) and pathological (i.e., hyperlipidemia, IR and T2D) conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chondronikola
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Rabia Asghar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Edgar L Dillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - William J Durham
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Zhanpin Wu
- Zoex Corporation, Houston, TX 77034, USA
| | - Craig Porter
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Maria Camacho-Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Yingxin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Allan R Brasier
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Elena Volpi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Melinda Sheffield-Moore
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Labros Sidossis
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; Metabolism Unit, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Demidmaa Tuvdendorj
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.
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Plasma Acylcarnitines and Amino Acid Levels As an Early Complex Biomarker of Propensity to High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0155776. [PMID: 27183228 PMCID: PMC4868278 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0155776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance, which represent characteristic features of the metabolic syndrome. Development of obesity is also linked to changes in fatty acid and amino acid metabolism observed in animal models of obesity as well as in humans. The aim of this study was to explore whether plasma metabolome, namely the levels of various acylcarnitines and amino acids, could serve as a biomarker of propensity to obesity and impaired glucose metabolism. Taking advantage of a high phenotypic variation in diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6J mice, 12-week-old male and female mice (n = 155) were fed a high-fat diet (lipids ~32 wt%) for a period of 10 weeks, while body weight gain (BWG) and changes in insulin sensitivity (ΔHOMA-IR) were assessed. Plasma samples were collected before (week 4) and after (week 22) high-fat feeding. Both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were then used to examine the relationships between plasma metabolome and selected phenotypes including BWG and ΔHOMA-IR. Partial least squares-discrimination analysis was able to distinguish between animals selected either for their low or high BWG (or ΔHOMA-IR) in male but not female mice. Among the metabolites that differentiated male mice with low and high BWG, and which also belonged to the major discriminating metabolites when analyzed in plasma collected before and after high-fat feeding, were amino acids Tyr and Orn, as well as acylcarnitines C16-DC and C18:1-OH. In general, the separation of groups selected for their low or high ΔHOMA-IR was less evident and the outcomes of a corresponding multivariate analysis were much weaker than in case of BWG. Thus, our results document that plasma acylcarnitines and amino acids could serve as a gender-specific complex biomarker of propensity to obesity, however with a limited predictive value in case of the associated impairment of insulin sensitivity.
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Ciavardelli D, Piras F, Consalvo A, Rossi C, Zucchelli M, Di Ilio C, Frazzini V, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G, Sensi SL. Medium-chain plasma acylcarnitines, ketone levels, cognition, and gray matter volumes in healthy elderly, mildly cognitively impaired, or Alzheimer's disease subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 43:1-12. [PMID: 27255810 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging, amyloid deposition, and tau-related pathology are key contributors to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, AD is also associated with brain hypometabolism and deficits of mitochondrial bioenergetics. Plasma acylcarnitines (ACCs) are indirect indices of altered fatty acid beta-oxidation, and ketogenesis has been found to be decreased on aging. Furthermore, in elderly subjects, alterations in plasma levels of specific ACCs have been suggested to predict conversion to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or AD. In this study, we assayed plasma profiles of ACCs in a cohort of healthy elderly control, MCI subjects, and AD patients. Compared with healthy controls or MCI subjects, AD patients showed significant lower plasma levels of several medium-chain ACCs. Furthermore, in AD patients, these lower concentrations were associated with lower prefrontal gray matter volumes and the presence of cognitive impairment. Interestingly, lower levels of medium-chain ACCs were also found to be associated with lower plasma levels of 2-hydroxybutyric acid. Overall, these findings suggest that altered metabolism of medium-chain ACCs and impaired ketogenesis can be metabolic features of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ciavardelli
- School of Human and Social Science, "Kore" University of Enna, Enna, Italy; Molecular Neurology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; "Enrico Fermi" Centre for Study and Research, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Consalvo
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Rossi
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mirco Zucchelli
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmine Di Ilio
- Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, ''G. d'Annunzio'' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valerio Frazzini
- Molecular Neurology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Molecular Neurology Unit, Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (Ce.S.I.-MeT), "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Neurology, and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, and Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Shannon CE, Nixon AV, Greenhaff PL, Stephens FB. Protein ingestion acutely inhibits insulin-stimulated muscle carnitine uptake in healthy young men. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:276-82. [PMID: 26675771 PMCID: PMC4756606 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.119826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing skeletal muscle carnitine content represents an appealing intervention in conditions of perturbed lipid metabolism such as obesity and type 2 diabetes but requires chronic L-carnitine feeding on a daily basis in a high-carbohydrate beverage. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether whey protein ingestion could reduce the carbohydrate load required to stimulate insulin-mediated muscle carnitine accretion. DESIGN Seven healthy men [mean ± SD age: 24 ± 5 y; body mass index (in kg/m(2)): 23 ± 3] ingested 80 g carbohydrate, 40 g carbohydrate + 40 g protein, or control (flavored water) beverages 60 min after the ingestion of 4.5 g L-carnitine tartrate (3 g L-carnitine; 0.1% (2)[H]3-L-carnitine). Serum insulin concentration, net forearm carnitine balance (NCB; arterialized-venous and venous plasma carnitine difference × brachial artery flow), and carnitine disappearance (Rd) and appearance (Ra) rates were determined at 20-min intervals for 180 min. RESULTS Serum insulin and plasma flow areas under the curve (AUCs) were similarly elevated by carbohydrate [4.5 ± 0.8 U/L · min (P < 0.01) and 0.5 ± 0.6 L (P < 0.05), respectively] and carbohydrate+protein [3.8 ± 0.6 U/L · min (P < 0.01) and 0.4 ± 0.6 L (P = 0.05), respectively] consumption, respectively, compared with the control visit (0.04 ± 0.1 U/L · min and -0.5 ± 0.2 L). Plasma carnitine AUC was greater after carbohydrate+protein consumption (3.5 ± 0.5 mmol/L · min) than after control and carbohydrate visits [2.1 ± 0.2 mmol/L · min (P < 0.05) and 1.9 ± 0.3 mmol/L · min (P < 0.01), respectively]. NCB AUC with carbohydrate (4.1 ± 3.1 μmol) was greater than during control and carbohydrate-protein visits (-8.6 ± 3.0 and -14.6 ± 6.4 μmol, respectively; P < 0.05), as was Rd AUC after carbohydrate (35.7 ± 25.2 μmol) compared with control and carbohydrate consumption [19.7 ± 15.5 μmol (P = 0.07) and 14.8 ± 9.6 μmol (P < 0.05), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS The insulin-mediated increase in forearm carnitine balance with carbohydrate consumption was acutely blunted by a carbohydrate+protein beverage, which suggests that carbohydrate+protein could inhibit chronic muscle carnitine accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris E Shannon
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aline V Nixon
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul L Greenhaff
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Medical Research Council/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
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van den Berg R, Mook-Kanamori DO, Donga E, van Dijk M, van Dijk JG, Lammers GJ, van Kralingen KW, Prehn C, Adamski J, Romijn JA, van Dijk KW, Corssmit EPM, Rensen PCN, Biermasz NR. A single night of sleep curtailment increases plasma acylcarnitines: Novel insights in the relationship between sleep and insulin resistance. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 589:145-51. [PMID: 26393786 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa van den Berg
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Dept. of Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Epidemiology Section, Dept. of BESC, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esther Donga
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van Dijk
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Gert van Dijk
- Dept. of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gert-Jan Lammers
- Dept. of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Cornelia Prehn
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany; Lehrstul für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Johannes A Romijn
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Dept. Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora P M Corssmit
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke R Biermasz
- Dept. of Medicine, Div. of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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