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Li SN, Ran RY, Chen J, Liu MC, Dang YM, Lin H. Angiogenesis in heterotopic ossification: From mechanisms to clinical significance. Life Sci 2024; 351:122779. [PMID: 38851421 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Heterotopic ossification (HO) refers to the formation of pathologic bone in nonskeletal tissues (including muscles, tendons or other soft tissues). HO typically occurs after a severe injury and can occur in any part of the body. HO lesions are highly vascularized. Angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels, plays an important role in the pathophysiology of HO. Surgical resection is considered an effective treatment for HO. However, it is difficult to completely remove new vessels, which can lead to the recurrence of HO and is often accompanied by significant problems such as intraoperative hemorrhage, demonstrating the important role of angiogenesis in HO. Here, we broadly summarize the current understanding of how angiogenesis contributes to HO; in particular, we focus on new insights into the cellular and signaling mechanisms underlying HO angiogenesis. We also review the development and current challenges associated with antiangiogenic therapy for HO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Nan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; First Clinical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruo-Yue Ran
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; First Clinical School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng-Chao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yan-Miao Dang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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2
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Lu KC, Hung KC, Liao MT, Shih LJ, Chao CT. Vascular Calcification Heterogeneity from Bench to Bedside: Implications for Manifestations, Pathogenesis, and Treatment Considerations. Aging Dis 2024:AD.2024.0289. [PMID: 38739930 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2024.0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is the ectopic deposition of calcium-containing apatite within vascular walls, exhibiting a high prevalence in older adults, and those with diabetes or chronic kidney disease. VC is a subclinical cardiovascular risk trait that increases mortality and functional deterioration. However, effective treatments for VC remain largely unavailable despite multiple attempts. Part of this therapeutic nihilism results from the failure to appreciate the diversity of VC as a pathological complex, with unforeseeable variations in morphology, risk associates, and anatomical and molecular pathogenesis, affecting clinical management strategies. VC should not be considered a homogeneous pathology because accumulating evidence refutes its conceptual and content uniformity. Here, we summarize the pathophysiological sources of VC heterogeneity from the intersecting pathways and networks of cellular, subcellular, and molecular crosstalk. Part of these pathological connections are synergistic or mutually antagonistic. We then introduce clinical implications related to the VC heterogeneity concept. Even within the same individual, a specific artery may exhibit the strongest tendency for calcification compared with other arteries. The prognostic value of VC may only be detectable with a detailed characterization of calcification morphology and features. VC heterogeneity is also evident, as VC risk factors vary between different arterial segments and layers. Therefore, diagnostic and screening strategies for VC may be improved based on VC heterogeneity, including the use of radiomics. Finally, pursuing a homogeneous treatment strategy is discouraged and we suggest a more rational approach by diversifying the treatment spectrum. This may greatly benefit subsequent efforts to identify effective VC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chin Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Min-Tser Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Hsinchu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jane Shih
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ter Chao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Faculty Development, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Min-Sheng General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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3
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Zhao Y, Yang Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Cai X, Ji J, Chen S, Vera A, Boström KI, Yao Y. CDK1 inhibition reduces osteogenesis in endothelial cells in vascular calcification. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176065. [PMID: 38456502 PMCID: PMC10972591 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a severe complication of cardiovascular diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that endothelial lineage cells transitioned into osteoblast-like cells and contributed to vascular calcification. Here, we found that inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) prevented endothelial lineage cells from transitioning to osteoblast-like cells and reduced vascular calcification. We identified a robust induction of CDK1 in endothelial cells (ECs) in calcified arteries and showed that EC-specific gene deletion of CDK1 decreased the calcification. We found that limiting CDK1 induced E-twenty-six specific sequence variant 2 (ETV2), which was responsible for blocking endothelial lineage cells from undergoing osteoblast differentiation. We also found that inhibition of CDK1 reduced vascular calcification in a diabetic mouse model. Together, the results highlight the importance of CDK1 suppression and suggest CDK1 inhibition as a potential option for treating vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sydney Chen
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Abigail Vera
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kristina I. Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Shrestha SK, Kim SW, Soh Y. Kalkitoxin attenuates calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells via RUNX-2 signaling pathways. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e69. [PMID: 38031648 PMCID: PMC10556282 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kalkitoxin (KT) is an active lipopeptide isolated from the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula found in the bed of the coral reef. Although KT suppresses cell division and inflammation, KT's mechanism of action in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is unidentified. Therefore, our main aim was to investigate the impact of KT on vascular calcification for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVES Using diverse calcification media, we studied the effect of KT on VSMC calcification and the underlying mechanism of this effect. METHODS VSMC was isolated from the 6 weeks ICR mice. Then VSMCs were treated with different concentrations of KT to check the cell viability. Alizarin red and von Kossa staining were carried out to examine the calcium deposition on VSMC. Thoracic aorta of 6 weeks mice were taken and treated with different concentrations of KT, and H and E staining was performed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot were performed to examine KT's effect on VSMC mineralization. Calcium deposition on VSMC was examined with a calcium deposition quantification kit. RESULTS Calcium deposition, Alizarin red, and von Kossa staining revealed that KT reduced inorganic phosphate-induced calcification phenotypes. KT also reduced Ca++-induced calcification by inhibiting genes that regulate osteoblast differentiation, such as runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), SMAD family member 4, osterix, collagen 1α, and osteopontin. Also, KT repressed Ca2+-induced bone morphogenetic protein 2, RUNX-2, collagen 1α, osteoprotegerin, and smooth muscle actin protein expression. Likewise, Alizarin red and von Kossa staining showed that KT markedly decreased the calcification of ex vivo ring formation in the mouse thoracic aorta. CONCLUSIONS This experiment demonstrated that KT decreases vascular calcification and may be developed as a new therapeutic treatment for vascular calcification and arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroj K Shrestha
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Se-Woong Kim
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Yunjo Soh
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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Lee HI, Yoon S, Kim JH, Ahn W, Lee S. Network analysis of osteoporosis provides a global view of associated comorbidities and their temporal relationships. Arch Osteoporos 2023; 18:79. [PMID: 37272994 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-023-01290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We performed comorbidity-network analysis to obtain global view of comorbidity related with osteoporosis. We selected 10000-patients with osteoporosis registered in the National-Health-Insurance Service cohort-database. We found 45-significant disease-clusters. Of these, 14-disease-clusters were related to fra, while 10 were related to musculoskeletal diseases. Our findings will serve as basic data for further studies. PURPOSE Osteoporosis causes devastating fractures; however, its exact etiology remains unknown. Elucidating associated comorbidities and their temporal relationships could provide better insights into its pathogenesis. Comorbidity-network analysis was performed to obtain global view of these associations. METHODS We randomly selected 10000-patients with osteoporosis registered in the National-Health-Insurance Service cohort-database. These patients were identified using ICD-10 codes M81-M82, which represent osteoporosis without pathological fractures. Control group was created through propensity score matching. The comorbidities in each group were grouped into similar classifications to form "disease cluster"; 126 such clusters were identified. To create a comorbidity network, we selected disease clusters with high associations (i.e., odds ratios and relative risks ranked in the upper 50th percentile). To identify the temporal relationships between these clusters and osteoporosis, trajectories of directions were identified. RESULTS Finally, we found 45 significant disease clusters. Of these, 14 disease clusters were related to fractures or injuries, while 10 were related to musculoskeletal diseases. Temporal analysis revealed that 15 disease clusters preceded osteoporosis; these included the following three with the strongest associations: "other fracture", "disorders of bone density and structure (M83-M85)", and "sequelae of injuries of neck and trunk (T91)". Thirty disease clusters followed osteoporosis; these included the following three with the strongest associations: "spine fracture," "spondylopathies (M45-M49)", and "pelvic region and thigh fracture,". CONCLUSION We obtained a global view of the osteoporosis comorbidity network, which is otherwise difficult to achieve through study of individual diseases. Our findings will serve as the basic data for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Il Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeong Yoon
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwan Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 10380, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyeol Ahn
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonchul Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea.
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Boström KI, Qiao X, Zhao Y, Wu X, Zhang L, Ma JA, Ji J, Cai X, Yao Y. GSK3β Inhibition Reduced Vascular Calcification in Ins2Akita/+ Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065971. [PMID: 36983045 PMCID: PMC10054481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) drives the endothelium to contribute to vascular calcification in diabetes mellitus. In our previous study, we showed that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) inhibition induces β-catenin and reduces mothers against DPP homolog 1 (SMAD1) to direct osteoblast-like cells toward endothelial lineage, thereby reducing vascular calcification in Matrix Gla Protein (Mgp) deficiency. Here, we report that GSK3β inhibition reduces vascular calcification in diabetic Ins2Akita/wt mice. Cell lineage tracing reveals that GSK3β inhibition redirects endothelial cell (EC)-derived osteoblast-like cells back to endothelial lineage in the diabetic endothelium of Ins2Akita/wt mice. We also find that the alterations in β-catenin and SMAD1 by GSK3β inhibition in the aortic endothelium of diabetic Ins2Akita/wt mice are similar to Mgp-/- mice. Together, our results suggest that GSK3β inhibition reduces vascular calcification in diabetic arteries through a similar mechanism to that in Mgp-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina I Boström
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Xiaojing Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Xiuju Wu
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Jocelyn A Ma
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Jaden Ji
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Xinjiang Cai
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
| | - Yucheng Yao
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1679, USA
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Manubolu VS, Mao S, Kinninger A, Dahal S, Ahmad K, Havistin R, Gao Y, Dailing C, Carr JJ, Roy SK, Budoff MJ. Association between coronary artery calcium and thoracic spine bone mineral density: Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 33:532-540. [PMID: 36642601 PMCID: PMC9974807 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previously, osteoporosis and coronary artery disease were considered unrelated. However, beyond age, these two conditions appear to share common etiologies that are not yet fully understood. We examined the relationship between thoracic spine bone mineral density (BMD) and severity of coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. METHODS AND RESULTS MESA is a prospective cohort study of 6814 men and women between the ages of 45 and 84 years, without clinical cardiovascular disease. This study included participants who underwent non-contrast chest CT scans to determine CAC score and thoracic spine BMD. The thoracic spine BMD was categorized into osteoporosis (defined as T score: ≤ -2.5), osteopenia (T-score between: -2.5 and -1) and normal BMD (T-score ≥ -1). There were 3392 subjects who had CAC >0 at baseline. The prevalence of CAC >0 was 36% in normal BMD group, 49% in the osteopenia and 68% in osteoporosis group. After adjusting for risk factors of atherosclerosis, in multivariate regression models we found a significant association between CAC and osteoporosis (OR: 1.40, 95% CI 1.16-1.69, p value < 0.0004). Furthermore, we stratified our results by gender and found a statistically significant association in both men and women. CONCLUSION Results from this cross-sectional analysis of a large population based ethnically diverse cohort indicate a significant inverse relationship between thoracic BMD and CAC in both genders independent of other cardiovascular risk factors. Future studies need to explore the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms relating BMD and coronary artery calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Song Mao
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - April Kinninger
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Suraj Dahal
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Khadije Ahmad
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ruby Havistin
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Yanlin Gao
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Chris Dailing
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - J Jeffrey Carr
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sion K Roy
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Matthew J Budoff
- Lundquist Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
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Oruc M, Mercan S, Bakan S, Kose S, Ikitimur B, Trabulus S, Altiparmak MR. Do trace elements play a role in coronary artery calcification in hemodialysis patients? Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:173-182. [PMID: 35854190 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-022-03303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormalities of trace elements have previously been linked to inflammatory processes in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We aimed to establish the trace element status of maintenance HD patients, to investigate the relationship between coronary artery calcification scores (CACs) and whole blood levels of trace elements. METHODS Patients undergoing HD in three times a week for > 6 months and age-and sex-matched controls were included from October 2015 to June 2016. Data were collected from patient files. All subjects' whole blood levels of trace elements were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). CACs for patients were assessed by multi-detector computed tomography. RESULTS The 35 patients (male, 60%) with a mean age of 45.7 ± 10.4 years and 35 controls were included. HD patients showed significantly lower levels of selenium and uranium and higher cadmium (Cd), cobalt, lithium, manganese, nickel, lead, platinum, tin, strontium, and thallium levels compared to controls. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was present in 21 patients (60%), and median CACs were 14.2 (IQR 0-149). Patients with CACs > median were significantly older, had a higher prevalence of hypertension and lower ALP levels than patients with CACs ≤ median. No significant differences in whole blood levels of trace elements were found between patients with CACs > median and patients with CACs ≤ median. A near significance was noted in median whole blood levels of Cd between these groups (P = 0.096). According to multivariate analysis, age was the only independent determinant for CAC development. CONCLUSION Age is independently associated with coronary vascular calcification. High Cd levels might play a role in CAC development in HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Oruc
- Department of Nephrology, Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Selda Mercan
- Department of Science, Institute of Forensic Sciences and Legal Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Bakan
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sennur Kose
- Department of Nephrology, Istanbul Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Baris Ikitimur
- Department of Cardiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sinan Trabulus
- Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Riza Altiparmak
- Department of Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Huang H, Li Q, Liu J, Qiao L, Chen S, Lai W, Kang Y, Lu X, Zhou Y, He Y, Chen J, Tan N, Liu J, Liu Y. Association between triglyceride glucose index and worsening heart failure in significant secondary mitral regurgitation following percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:260. [PMID: 36443743 PMCID: PMC9706938 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index is an alternative to insulin resistance (IR) as an early indicator of worsening heart failure (HF). Patients with secondary mitral regurgitation (sMR) often experience progressive deterioration of cardiac function. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the TyG index and worsening of HF in significant sMR (grade ≥ 2) following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS This study enrolled participants with significant sMR following PCI from a multicenter cohort study. The patients were divided into the following 3 groups according to tertiles of TyG index: T1, TyG ≤ 8.51; T2, TyG > 8.51 to ≤ 8.98; and T3, TyG > 8.98. The main clinical outcome was worsening HF including unplanned rehospitalization or unscheduled physician office/emergency department visit due to HF and unplanned mitral valve surgery. RESULTS A total of 922 patients (mean ± SD age, 64.1 ± 11.0 years; 79.6% male) were enrolled. The incidence of worsening HF was 15.5% in T1, 15.7% in T2, and 26.4% in T3. In the multivariable model, the highest TyG tertile (T3 group) was more strongly correlated with worsening HF than the lowest tertile (T1 group) after adjusting for confounders (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-3.72; P < 0.001). The addition of TyG to risk factors such as N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide and clinical models improved the predictive ability of TyG for worsening HF. CONCLUSIONS Elevated preprocedural TyG index is a significant and independent risk factor for worsening HF in sMR following PCI that can be used for risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haozhang Huang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qiang Li
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jiulin Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Linfang Qiao
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Shiqun Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Wenguang Lai
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yu Kang
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xiaozhao Lu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yang Zhou
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yibo He
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jiyan Chen
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Ning Tan
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Jin Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Yong Liu
- grid.413405.70000 0004 1808 0686Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,Department of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Coronary Heart Disease Prevention, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080 China ,grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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10
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Samaha H, Chalhoub N, Tabet M, Smayra T, Sleilaty G. Calcification of the ascending aorta, left heart valves and coronaries: associated diseases and a new classification. Future Cardiol 2022; 18:687-695. [PMID: 35880780 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2022-0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The topography of vascular and valvular calcification could help accurately predict cardiovascular post-operative complications. The data on these calcifications remains scarce. Purpose: Identify the topographic distribution of the ascending aortic, left heart valves and coronary calcifications. Materials & methods: We extracted 26 variables from 557 patients, hospitalized between 2017 and 2020. The topography of calcification was evaluated by thoracic CT scans. Both multivariate logistic regression and classification and regression tree (CART) were used for statistical analysis. Results: Several comorbidities were associated with vascular or valvular calcification. This study proposes a CART tree for patients according to their age, sex, Euroscore and lipid profile. Conclusion: The proposed classification could represent an important clinical tool. More studies are warranted to better prune the current CART algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hady Samaha
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najib Chalhoub
- Department of Radiology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Margherita Tabet
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Smayra
- Department of Radiology, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ghassan Sleilaty
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hotel-Dieu de France Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon
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11
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Jing L, Shu-xu D, Yong-xin R. A review: Pathological and molecular biological study on atherosclerosis. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:217-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Ahmed MA, Parwani D, Mahawar A, Gorantla VR. Subclavian Artery Calcification: A Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e23312. [PMID: 35464515 PMCID: PMC9015066 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Subclavian artery calcification (SAC) affects 2% of the population and presents a serious risk of developing into subclavian steal syndrome (SSS). Risk factors for plaque formation of the subclavian artery include diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. While SAC generally presents as asymptomatic, symptoms in severe cases may include numbness, pain at rest, and ischemic gangrene. Patients with severe SSS are at high risk of developing neurological symptoms as a result of vertebrobasilar insufficiency affecting posterior cerebral perfusion. On physical examination, SSS is preliminarily diagnosed from bilateral inter-arm systolic blood pressure discrepancy (>10 mmHg), which can be further confirmed with vascular imaging. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) is a cost-effective and non-invasive baseline technique for visualizing luminal stenosis and quantifying peak systolic velocity (PSV). Computed tomography angiography (CTA) provides high-quality, fast, three-dimensional (3D) imaging at the cost of introducing nephrotoxic contrast agents. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is the safest 3D imaging modality, without the use of X-rays and contrast agents, that is useful in assessing plaque characteristics and degree of stenosis. DUS-assisted digital subtraction angiography (DSA) remains the gold standard for grading the degree of stenosis in the subclavian artery and determining the distance between the puncture site and lesion, which can be carried out in a combined procedure with endovascular management strategies. The fundamental treatment options are surgical and endovascular intervention. Endovascular treatment options include percutaneous transluminal angiography (PTA) for recanalization of the stenosed vessel and permanent balloon stenting to prevent collapse after PTA. Overall, the benefits of endovascular management encompass faster recovery, lower stenosis recurrence rate, and lower incidence of complications, making it the treatment of choice in low-risk patients. Surgical interventions, although more complex, are considered gold-standard treatment options.
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13
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Regulation of MDM2 E3 ligase-dependent vascular calcification by MSX1/2. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1781-1791. [PMID: 34845330 PMCID: PMC8639964 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00708-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification increases morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Previously, we reported that histone deacetylase 1 prevents vascular calcification, whereas its E3 ligase, mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2), induces vascular calcification. In the present study, we identified the upstream regulator of MDM2. By utilizing cellular models and transgenic mice, we confirmed that E3 ligase activity is required for vascular calcification. By promoter analysis, we found that both msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) bound to the MDM2 promoter region, which resulted in transcriptional activation of MDM2. The expression levels of both Msx1 and Msx2 were increased in mouse models of vascular calcification and in calcified human coronary arteries. Msx1 and Msx2 potentiated vascular calcification in cellular and mouse models in an MDM2-dependent manner. Our results establish a novel role for MSX1/MSX2 in the transcriptional activation of MDM2 and the resultant increase in MDM2 E3 ligase activity during vascular calcification. The identification of a signaling pathway involved in triggering vascular calcification, the deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in blood vessels, could inform new therapeutic interventions for related cardiovascular complications. Vascular calcification causes significant complications in patients with metabolic syndrome, renal failure, or cardiovascular disease. In their previous work, Hyun Kook and Duk-Hwa Kwon at Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea, and coworkers demonstrated that the E3 ligase activity of a protein called MDM2 induces calcification. Now, following further mouse trials, the team have identified an upstream signaling pathway involving several development proteins such as MSX1 and MSX2 which activate MDM2. The activation of this signaling axis leads to the degradation of a key protein that would otherwise prevent calcification. The results may provide a platform for novel therapies targeting the condition.
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14
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Cannata-Andía JB, Carrillo-López N, Messina OD, Hamdy NAT, Panizo S, Ferrari SL. Pathophysiology of Vascular Calcification and Bone Loss: Linked Disorders of Ageing? Nutrients 2021; 13:3835. [PMID: 34836090 PMCID: PMC8623966 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular Calcification (VC), low bone mass and fragility fractures are frequently observed in ageing subjects. Although this clinical observation could be the mere coincidence of frequent age-dependent disorders, clinical and experimental data suggest that VC and bone loss could share pathophysiological mechanisms. Indeed, VC is an active process of calcium and phosphate precipitation that involves the transition of the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells. Among the molecules involved in this process, parathyroid hormone (PTH) plays a key role acting through several mechanisms which includes the regulation of the RANK/RANKL/OPG system and the Wnt/ß-catenin pathway, the main pathways for bone resorption and bone formation, respectively. Furthermore, some microRNAs have been implicated as common regulators of bone metabolism, VC, left ventricle hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis. Elucidating the common mechanisms between ageing; VC and bone loss could help to better understand the potential effects of osteoporosis drugs on the CV system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge B. Cannata-Andía
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (N.C.-L.); (S.P.)
| | - Natalia Carrillo-López
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (N.C.-L.); (S.P.)
| | - Osvaldo D. Messina
- Investigaciones Reumatológicas y Osteológicas (IRO), Buenos Aires 1114, Argentina;
| | - Neveen A. T. Hamdy
- Center for Bone Quality, Division Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Sara Panizo
- Bone and Mineral Research Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Retic REDinREN-ISCIII, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (N.C.-L.); (S.P.)
| | - Serge L. Ferrari
- Service and Laboratory of Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
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15
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Kim SH, Choi G, Song Y, Yoon H, Jeong HM, Gu JE, Han M, Heo J, Yoo JJ, Yoon JW, Kim H. Low Muscle Mass in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: Correlations with Vascular Calcification and Vascular Access Failure. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3698. [PMID: 34441991 PMCID: PMC8396811 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia involves an age-related decline in skeletal muscle mass with functional disability or low muscle strength. Vascular calcification (VC) occurs commonly in patients with chronic kidney disease, in whom it is associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to investigate the correlations of low muscle mass with the quantified vascular calcification score (VCS) of the arm of vascular access, as well as whether low muscle mass is associated with the incidence of vascular access failure. Methods: The VCS was measured on non-contrast, arm computed tomography using the Agatston method. The lower muscle mass (LMM) group comprised subjects whose skeletal muscle mass of the lower extremities, as measured using bioelectrical impedance, was lower than the median. Higher VC was defined as a score of 500 or above, corresponding to the highest 40% of VCS. The relationship between LMM and VC was explored using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: Seventy-five patients were included, of whom forty-two (56.0%) were men. The median age was 64 years (interquartile range 58-72 years). Of the 75 patients, 73 satisfied the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia. The median hemodialysis vintage was 49.4 months (range 32.1-99.2 months). No significant differences were found between the non-LMM and LMM groups in sex, end-stage renal disease etiology, and type of vascular access, although the LMM group showed significantly older age and hemodialysis vintage. LMM presented a significant association with VC (hazard ratio (HR) 3.562; 95% CI, 1.341-9.463; p = 0.011). Upon adjustment for hemodialysis vintage, diabetes, and systolic blood pressure, LMM demonstrated an independent association with VC (HR, 10.415; 95% CI, 2.357-46.024; p = 0.002). The risk of vascular access failure was higher in the LMM group (HR, 3.652; 95%, CI 1.135-11.749; p = 0.03). VC was a full mediator in the relationship of LMM with recurrent vascular access failure. Conclusions: We quantified LMM via bioimpedance analysis and found a heretofore-unreported association between LMM and vascular access failure. LMM increases the risk of VC and has the potential to predict vascular access failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-hyung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Gwangho Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Youngjin Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hojung Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hae Min Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Jae Eon Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Miyeun Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hangang Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul 07247, Korea;
| | - Jongho Heo
- National Assembly Futures Institute, Seoul 07233, Korea;
| | - Jeong-Ju Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Bucheon, Bucheon 14584, Korea;
| | - Jong-woo Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
| | - Hyunsuk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Chuncheon 24253, Korea; (S.-h.K.); (G.C.); (Y.S.); (H.Y.); (H.M.J.); (J.E.G.); (J.-w.Y.)
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16
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Li M, Zhu Y, Jaiswal SK, Liu NF. Mitochondria Homeostasis and Vascular Medial Calcification. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:113-120. [PMID: 33660037 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00828-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification occurs highly prevalent, which commonly predicts adverse cardiovascular events. The pathogenesis of calcification, a complicated and multifactorial process, is incompletely characterized. Accumulating evidence shows that mitochondrial dysfunction may ultimately be more detrimental in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification. This review summarizes the role of mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic reprogramming in vascular calcification, and indicates that metabolic regulation may be a therapeutic target in vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Sandip Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Nai-Feng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Amer AE, Shehatou GSG, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, El-Sheakh AR. Flavocoxid Ameliorates Aortic Calcification Induced by Hypervitaminosis D 3 and Nicotine in Rats Via Targeting TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and Osteogenic Runx2. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:1047-1059. [PMID: 34309798 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This research was designed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of flavocoxid (FCX) on vascular calcification (VC) in rats. METHODS Vitamin D3 and nicotine were administered to Wistar rats, which then received FCX (VC-FCX group) or its vehicle (VC group) for 4 weeks. Control and FCX groups served as controls. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressures, heart rate (HR), and left ventricular weight (LVW)/BW were measured. Serum concentrations of calcium, phosphate, creatinine, uric acid, and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Moreover, aortic calcium content and aortic expression of runt-related transcription factor (Runx2), osteopontin (OPN), Il-1β, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were assessed. Oxidative status in aortic homogenates was investigated. RESULTS Compared to untreated VC rats, FCX treatment prevented body weight loss, reduced aortic calcium deposition, restored normal values of SBP, DBP, and HR, and attenuated LV hypertrophy. FCX also improved renal function and ameliorated serum levels of phosphorus, calcium, and ALP in rats with VC. FCX abolished aortic lipid peroxidation in VC rats. Moreover, VC-FCX rats showed marked reductions in aortic levels of Il-1β and osteogenic marker (Runx2) and attenuated aortic expression of TNF-α, iNOS, and MMP-9 proteins compared to untreated VC rats. The expression of the smooth muscle lineage marker α-SMA was greatly enhanced in aortas from VC rats upon FCX treatment. CONCLUSION These findings demonstrate FCX ability to attenuate VDN-induced aortic calcinosis in rats, suggesting its potential for preventing arteiocalcinosis in diabetic patients and those with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Amer
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt.
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
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18
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Chinetti G, Neels JG. Roles of Nuclear Receptors in Vascular Calcification. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6491. [PMID: 34204304 PMCID: PMC8235358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is defined as an inappropriate accumulation of calcium depots occurring in soft tissues, including the vascular wall. Growing evidence suggests that vascular calcification is an actively regulated process, sharing similar mechanisms with bone formation, implicating both inhibitory and inducible factors, mediated by osteoclast-like and osteoblast-like cells, respectively. This process, which occurs in nearly all the arterial beds and in both the medial and intimal layers, mainly involves vascular smooth muscle cells. In the vascular wall, calcification can have different clinical consequences, depending on the pattern, localization and nature of calcium deposition. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors widely expressed, activated by specific ligands that control the expression of target genes involved in a multitude of pathophysiological processes, including metabolism, cancer, inflammation and cell differentiation. Some of them act as drug targets. In this review we describe and discuss the role of different nuclear receptors in the control of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chinetti
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France;
| | - Jaap G. Neels
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM, C3M, 06204 Nice, France
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19
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Roos CM, Zhang B, Hagler MA, Arghami A, Miller JD. MnSOD protects against vascular calcification independent of changes in vascular function in hypercholesterolemic mice. Atherosclerosis 2021; 331:31-37. [PMID: 34147244 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The overall goal of this study was to determine the effects of MnSOD-deficiency on vascular structure and function in hypercholesterolemic mice. Previous work suggested that increases in mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) can exacerbate vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. It remains unknown, however, how MnSOD-deficiency and local compensatory mechanisms impact atherosclerotic plaque composition. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a hypercholesterolemic mouse model (ldlr-/-/ApoB100/100; LA), either wild-type for MnSOD (LA-MnSOD+/+) or MnSOD-haploinsufficient (LA-MnSOD+/-), that was fed a western diet for either 3 or 6 months. Consistent with previous reports, reductions of MnSOD did not significantly worsen hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. Critically, dramatic impairment of vascular function with Nox2 inhibition or catalase pretreatment suggested the presence of a significant NO-independent vasodilatory mechanism in LA-MnSOD+/- mice (e.g. H2O2). Despite remarkably well-preserved overall vascular relaxation, loss of mitochondrial antioxidant capacity in LA-MnSOD+/- mice significantly increased osteogenic signalling and vascular calcification compared to the LA-MnSOD+/+ littermates. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data are the first to suggest that loss of mitochondrial antioxidant capacity in hypercholesterolemic mice results in dramatic upregulation of NADPH oxidase-derived H2O2. While this appears to be adaptive in the context of preserving overall endothelium-dependent relaxation and vascular function, these increases in ROS appear to be remarkably maladaptive and deleterious in the context of vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Zhang
- Departments of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Arman Arghami
- Departments of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jordan D Miller
- Departments of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Arterial stiffness, a leading marker of risk in hypertension, can be measured at material or structural levels, with the latter combining effects of the geometry and composition of the wall, including intramural organization. Numerous studies have shown that structural stiffness predicts outcomes in models that adjust for conventional risk factors. Elastic arteries, nearer to the heart, are most sensitive to effects of blood pressure and age, major determinants of stiffness. Stiffness is usually considered as an index of vascular aging, wherein individuals excessively affected by risk factor exposure represent early vascular aging, whereas those resistant to risk factors represent supernormal vascular aging. Stiffness affects the function of the brain and kidneys by increasing pulsatile loads within their microvascular beds, and the heart by increasing left ventricular systolic load; excessive pressure pulsatility also decreases diastolic pressure, necessary for coronary perfusion. Stiffness promotes inward remodeling of small arteries, which increases resistance, blood pressure, and in turn, central artery stiffness, thus creating an insidious feedback loop. Chronic antihypertensive treatments can reduce stiffness beyond passive reductions due to decreased blood pressure. Preventive drugs, such as lipid-lowering drugs and antidiabetic drugs, have additional effects on stiffness, independent of pressure. Newer anti-inflammatory drugs also have blood pressure independent effects. Reduction of stiffness is expected to confer benefit beyond the lowering of pressure, although this hypothesis is not yet proven. We summarize different steps for making arterial stiffness measurement a keystone in hypertension management and cardiovascular prevention as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Boutouyrie
- Faculté de Médecine, Université de Paris, INSERM U970, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, France (P.B.)
| | - Phil Chowienczyk
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, United Kingdom (P.C.)
| | - Jay D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT (J.D.H.)
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21
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Florea A, Kooi ME, Mess W, Schurgers LJ, Bucerius J, Mottaghy FM. Effects of Combined Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Na[ 18F]F PET/MRI in Patients with Carotid Artery Disease: The INTRICATE Rationale and Trial Design. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030994. [PMID: 33808652 PMCID: PMC8003489 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRICATE is a prospective double-blind placebo-controlled feasibility study, assessing the influence of combined vitamin K2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on micro-calcification in carotid artery disease as imaged by hybrid Sodium [18F]Fluoride (Na[18F]F) positron emission tomography (PET)/ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Arterial calcification is an actively regulated process and results from the imbalance between calcification promoting and inhibiting factors. Considering the recent advancements in medical imaging, ultrasound (US), PET/MRI, and computed tomography (CT) can be used for the selection and stratification of patients with atherosclerosis. Fifty-two subjects with asymptomatic carotid artery disease on at least one side of the neck will be included in the study. At baseline, an Na[18F]F PET/MRI and CT examination will be performed. Afterwards, subjects will be randomized (1:1) to a vitamin K (400 µg MK-7/day) and vitamin D3 (80 µg/day) or to placebo. At the 3-month follow-up, subjects will undergo a second Na[18F]F PET/MRI and CT scan. The primary endpoint is the change in Na[18F]F PET/MRI (baseline vs. after 3 months) in the treatment group as compared to the placebo arm. Secondary endpoints are changes in plaque composition and in blood-biomarkers. The INTRICATE trial bears the potential to open novel avenues for future large scale randomized controlled trials to intervene in the plaque development and micro-calcification progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Florea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - M. Eline Kooi
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Werner Mess
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Leon J. Schurgers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Biochemistry, Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan Bucerius
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.E.K.); (J.B.)
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-241-80-88741
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22
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Vidavsky N, Kunitake JAMR, Estroff LA. Multiple Pathways for Pathological Calcification in the Human Body. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001271. [PMID: 33274854 PMCID: PMC8724004 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomineralization of skeletal components (e.g., bone and teeth) is generally accepted to occur under strict cellular regulation, leading to mineral-organic composites with hierarchical structures and properties optimized for their designated function. Such cellular regulation includes promoting mineralization at desired sites as well as inhibiting mineralization in soft tissues and other undesirable locations. In contrast, pathological mineralization, with potentially harmful health effects, can occur as a result of tissue or metabolic abnormalities, disease, or implantation of certain biomaterials. This progress report defines mineralization pathway components and identifies the commonalities (and differences) between physiological (e.g., bone remodeling) and pathological calcification formation pathways, based, in part, upon the extent of cellular control within the system. These concepts are discussed in representative examples of calcium phosphate-based pathological mineralization in cancer (breast, thyroid, ovarian, and meningioma) and in cardiovascular disease. In-depth mechanistic understanding of pathological mineralization requires utilizing state-of-the-art materials science imaging and characterization techniques, focusing not only on the final deposits, but also on the earlier stages of crystal nucleation, growth, and aggregation. Such mechanistic understanding will further enable the use of pathological calcifications in diagnosis and prognosis, as well as possibly provide insights into preventative treatments for detrimental mineralization in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Vidavsky
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Jennie A M R Kunitake
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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23
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Bellani C, Yue K, Flaig F, Hébraud A, Ray P, Annabi N, Selistre de Araújo HS, Branciforti MC, Minarelli Gaspar AM, Shin SR, Khademhosseini A, Schlatter G. Suturable elastomeric tubular grafts with patterned porosity for rapid vascularization of 3D constructs. Biofabrication 2021; 13. [PMID: 33482658 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/abdf1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascularization is considered to be one of the key challenges in engineering functional 3D tissues. Engineering suturable vascular grafts containing pores with diameter of several tens of microns in tissue engineered constructs may provide an instantaneous blood perfusion through the grafts improving cell infiltration and thus, allowing rapid vascularization and vascular branching. The aim of this work was to develop suturable tubular scaffolds to be integrated in biofabricated constructs, enabling the direct connection of the biofabricated construct with the host blood stream, providing an immediate blood flow inside the construct. Here, tubular grafts with customizable shapes (tubes, Y-shape capillaries) and controlled diameter ranging from several hundreds of microns to few mm are fabricated based on poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) / poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) electrospun scaffolds. Furthermore, a network of pore channels of diameter in the order of 100 µm was machined by laser femtosecond ablation in the tube wall. Both non-machined and laser machined tubular scaffolds elongated more than 100% of their original size have shown suture retention, being 5.85 and 3.96 N/mm2 respectively. To demonstrate the potential of application, the laser machined porous grafts were embedded in gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels, resulting in elastomeric porous tubular graft/GelMA 3D constructs. These constructs were then co-seeded with osteoblast-like cells (MG-63) at the external side of the graft and endothelial cells (HUVEC) inside, forming a bone osteon model. The laser machined pore network allowed an immediate endothelial cell flow towards the osteoblasts enabling the osteoblasts and endothelial cells to interact and form 3D structures. This rapid vascularization approach could be applied, not only for bone tissue regeneration, but also for a variety of tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bellani
- University of Sao Paulo, AVENIDA TRABALHADOR SÃO-CARLENSE, 400, Sao Carlos, São Paulo, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Kan Yue
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Rd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510641, CHINA
| | - Florence Flaig
- ICPEES, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Bécquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, FRANCE
| | - Anne Hébraud
- ICPEES, 25 rue Bécquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, FRANCE
| | - Pengfei Ray
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, MIT, 45 Carleton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142, UNITED STATES
| | - Nasim Annabi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Marcia Cristina Branciforti
- Depatament of Materials Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, AVENIDA TRABALHADOR SÃO-CARLENSE, 400, ARNOLD SCHMITED, SAO CARLOS, Sao Paulo, SAO PAULO, 13566-590, BRAZIL
| | - Ana Maria Minarelli Gaspar
- Department of Morphology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Sao Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, R. Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, SP, 14801-385, BRAZIL
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts, MA 02115, UNITED STATES
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UCLA, 5531 Boelter Hall, Los Angeles, California, CA 90095, UNITED STATES
| | - Guy Schlatter
- ICPEES, University of Strasbourg, 25 rue Bécquerel, Strasbourg, 67087, FRANCE
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24
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Pei YQ, Zheng YQ, Ding YD, Xu QX, Cao D, Wu YN, Wang R, Yang JX, Liang J, Ma Q, Ge HL. Triptolide Attenuates Vascular Calcification by Upregulating Expression of miRNA-204. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:581230. [PMID: 33597871 PMCID: PMC7883594 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Triptolide (TP), a naturally derived compound from Tripterygium wilfordii, has been proven effective in protecting against cardiovascular system, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its protective effects are poorly understood. In the current study, we sought to test the potential protective role of TP in the regulation of vascular calcification in a rat model and explore whether TP attenuates medial vascular calcification by upregulating miRNA-204. Methods: Vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) was used to induce a vascular calcification (VC) model of rat aorta. Von Kossa and Hematoxylin-Eosin staining were applied to assess the degree of calcification of rat aortas. Calcium content and alkaline phosphatase activity were measured. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to quantify miRNA-204 expression. The localization of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX2) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results: Administration of TP greatly reduced vascular calcification in a dose-dependent manner compared with VC controls. The increase in ALP activity and calcium content was ameliorated by TP. Moreover, protein expression levels of BMP2 and RUNX2 were significantly reduced in calcified aortas. MiRNA-204 expression was increased in the TP-treated groups compared with VC controls and the effects of TP were reversed by the intravenous injection of miRNA-204-interfering lentivirus. However, the miRNA-204-overexpressing lentivirus had no additional effects on ALP activity, calcium content, BMP2 and RUNX2 expressions compared with those from TP group. Conclusion: TP inhibited BMP2 and RUNX2 expression and attenuated vascular calcification via upregulating the level of miRNA-204. TP appears to be a potential new therapeutic option for treating vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Qiu Zheng
- Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Third-Grade Pharmacology Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yao-Dong Ding
- Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Third-Grade Pharmacology Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qi-Xiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Cao
- Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Third-Grade Pharmacology Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Ya-Ning Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Third-Grade Pharmacology Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Third-Grade Pharmacology Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Qian Ma
- Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Third-Grade Pharmacology Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Hai-Long Ge
- Drug Research and Development Center, School of Pharmacy, Third-Grade Pharmacology Laboratory of State, Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Provincial Engineering Research Center for Polysaccharide Drugs, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
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25
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Takaori K, Iwatani H, Yamato M, Ito T. User of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin II receptor blocker might be associated with vascular calcification in predialysis chronic kidney disease patients: a retrospective single-center observational study : ACEI/ARB and vascular calcification. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:7. [PMID: 33407242 PMCID: PMC7789142 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-02198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular calcification is a prominent feature in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes mellitus. A recent report suggests that angiotensin II is protective to vascular calcification. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between vascular calcification and use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and/or angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) from a cross-sectional view. Methods A total of 121 predialysis CKD patients (age 71 ± 12 y; male 72; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 20.2 (11.8 - 40.3) mL/min/1.73 m2) who underwent thoracoabdominal plain computed tomography scan were included in this study. The total vascular calcification volume (Calc) was calculated with a three-dimensional imaging software and standardized by body surface area (BSA). The relevance between log [Calc/BSA] and ACEI/ARB use was investigated by multivariate linear regression analyses with or without a time-duration factor of ACEI/ARB use. Results The Calc/BSA was 5.62 (2.01 - 12.7) mL/m2 in 121 patients. In multivariate analyses adjusted with age, sex, ACEI/ARB and log [eGFR], ACEI/ARB use is significantly and positively associated with log [Calc/BSA] (β = 0.2781, p = 0.0007). Even after the adjustment by age, sex, log [eGFR], phosphate, diabetes mellitus, systolic blood pressure, warfarin, hypertension, dyslipidemia, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diuretics and ACEI/ARB, ACEI/ARB use is significantly and positively associated with log [Calc/BSA] (β = 0.1677, p = 0.0487). When 90 patients whose time-duration of ACEI/ARB use was clear in medical records were studied, a multivariate analysis adjusted with age, sex, log [eGFR], and ACEI/ARB duration factors showed that the longer use of ACEI/ARB more than 2 years was significantly, independently and positively associated with log [Calc/BSA] (β = 0.2864, p = 0.0060). Conclusions ACEI/ARB user was associated with vascular calcification in predialysis patients with low eGFR. Prospective studies with larger numbers of patients or more in vitro studies are needed to confirm whether this phenomenon is due to the use of ACEI/ARB itself, the underlying disease condition or the prescription bias. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12882-020-02198-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Takaori
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14, Hoenzaka, Chuoku, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan.,Present Affiliation: Department of Nephrology, Yodogawa Christian Hospital, 1-7-50, Kunijima, Higashi Yodogawa Ku, Osaka, 533-0024, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Iwatani
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14, Hoenzaka, Chuoku, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan.
| | - Masafumi Yamato
- Department of Nephrology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, 2-1-14, Hoenzaka, Chuoku, Osaka, 540-0006, Japan
| | - Takahito Ito
- Kataguilli Medical Center, 4-3-9 Sumiyoshi-cho, Shibata, Niigata, 957-0061, Japan
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26
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Singh A, Tandon S, Tandon C. An update on vascular calcification and potential therapeutics. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:887-896. [PMID: 33394226 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pathological calcification is a major cause of cardiovascular morbidities primarily in population with chronic kidney disease (CKD), end stage renal diseases (ERSD) and metabolic disorders. Investigators have accepted the fact that vascular calcification is not a passive process but a highly complex, cell mediated, active process in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) resulting from, metabolic insults of bone fragility, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Over the years, studies have revealed various mechanisms of vascular calcification like induction of bone formation, apoptosis, alteration in Ca-P balance and loss of inhibition. Novel clinical studies targeting cellular mechanisms of calcification provide promising and potential avenues for drug development. The interventions include phosphate binders, sodium thiosulphate, vitamin K, calcimimetics, vitamin D, bisphosphonates, Myoinositol hexaphosphate (IP6), Denosumab and TNAP inhibitors. Concurrently investigators are also working towards reversing or curing pathological calcification. This review focuses on the relationship of vascular calcification to clinical diseases, regulators and factors causing calcification including genetics which have been identified. At present, there is lack of any significant preventive measures for calcifications and hence this review explores further possibilities for drug development and treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Singh
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Simran Tandon
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chanderdeep Tandon
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology (AIB), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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27
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Wang L, Chennupati R, Jin YJ, Li R, Wang S, Günther S, Offermanns S. YAP/TAZ Are Required to Suppress Osteogenic Differentiation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. iScience 2020; 23:101860. [PMID: 33319178 PMCID: PMC7726335 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) represent the prevailing cell type of arterial vessels and are essential for blood vessel structure and homeostasis. They have substantial potential for phenotypic plasticity when exposed to various stimuli in their local microenvironment. How VSMCs maintain their differentiated contractile phenotype is still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the Hippo pathway effectors YAP and TAZ play a critical role in maintaining the differentiated contractile phenotype of VSMCs. In the absence of YAP/TAZ, VSMCs lose their differentiated phenotype and undergo osteogenic differentiation, which results in vascular calcification. Osteogenic transdifferentiation was accompanied by the upregulation of Wnt target genes. The absence of YAP/TAZ in VSMCs led to Disheveled 3 (DVL3) nuclear translocation and upregulation of osteogenesis-associated genes independent of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. Our data indicate that cytoplasmic YAP/TAZ interact with DVL3 to avoid its nuclear translocation and osteogenic differentiation, thereby maintaining the differentiated phenotype of VSMCs. YAP/TAZ play an important role in maintaining vascular SMCs contractile phenotype Loss of YAP/TAZ in vSMCs leads to reduced expression of smooth muscle marker genes Loss of YAP/TAZ in vSMCs results in reduced artery contractility Deficiency of YAP/TAZ in vSMCs leads to osteogenic transdifferentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Ramesh Chennupati
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Young-June Jin
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Rui Li
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - ShengPeng Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.,Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Yanta District, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Stefan Günther
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Pharmacology, Bad Nauheim 61231, Germany.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Amer AE, El-Sheakh AR, Hamed MF, El-Kashef HA, Nader MA, Shehatou GSG. Febuxostat attenuates vascular calcification induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 156:105580. [PMID: 33010420 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the possible ameliorative influences of febuxostat (FEB) on vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN)-induced vascular calcification (VC) in Wistar rats. VDN rats received a single dose of vitamin D3 (300.000 IU/kg, I.M) and two oral doses of nicotine (25 mg/kg) on day 1. They were then administrated FEB, in two doses (10 and 15 mg/kg/day, orally), or the drug vehicle, for 4 weeks. Age-matched normal rats served as control. At the end of the experiment, body weight, kidney function parameters, serum ionic composition, cardiovascular measures, aortic calcium deposition and aortic levels of oxidative stress markers, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteopontin (OPN) were determined. Aortic immunoexpressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were evaluated. FEB significantly restored body weight loss, ameliorated kidney function and diminished serum disturbances of calcium and phosphorus in VDN rats. Moreover, FEB reduced VDN-induced elevations in aortic calcium deposition, SBP and DBP. FEB (15 mg/kg) markedly decreased left ventricular hypertrophy and bradycardia in VDN group. Mechanistically, FEB dose-dependently improved oxidative damage, decreased levels of IL-1β and Runx2, lessened expression of TNF-α, iNOS and MMP-9 and enhanced expression of OPN and α-SMA in VDN aortas relative to controls. These findings indicate that FEB, mainly at the higher administered dose (15 mg/kg), successfully attenuated VDN-induced VC. FEB may be useful in reducing VC in patients at high risk, including those with chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed E Amer
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Ahmed R El-Sheakh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Hassan A El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - Manar A Nader
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt
| | - George S G Shehatou
- Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, International Coastal Road, Gamasa City, Dakahliya, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Dakahliya, Egypt.
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Mandal CC. Osteolytic metastasis in breast cancer: effective prevention strategies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2020; 20:797-811. [PMID: 32772585 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2020.1807950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women throughout the world. Patients who are diagnosed early generally have better prognosis and survivability. Indeed, advanced stage breast cancer often develops osteolytic metastases, leading to bone destruction. Although there are select drugs available to treat bone metastatic disease, these drugs have shown limited success. AREA COVERED This paper emphasizes updated mechanisms of bone remodeling and osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer. This article also aims to explore the potential of novel natural and synthetic therapeutics in the effective prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolysis and osteolytic metastases of breast cancer. EXPERT OPINION Targeting TGFβ and BMP signaling pathways, along with osteoclast activity, appears to be a promising therapeutic strategy in the prevention of breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone destruction and metastatic growth at bone metastatic niches. Pilot studies in animal models suggest various natural and synthetic compounds and monoclonal antibodies as putative therapeutics in the prevention of breast cancer stimulated osteolytic activity. However, comprehensive pre-clinical studies demonstrating the PK/PD and in-depth understanding of molecular mechanism(s) by which these potential molecules exhibit anti-tumor growth and anti-osteolytic activity are still required to develop effective therapies against breast cancer-induced osteolytic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandi C Mandal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan , Ajmer, India
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30
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Müller KH, Hayward R, Rajan R, Whitehead M, Cobb AM, Ahmad S, Sun M, Goldberga I, Li R, Bashtanova U, Puszkarska AM, Reid DG, Brooks RA, Skepper JN, Bordoloi J, Chow WY, Oschkinat H, Groombridge A, Scherman OA, Harrison JA, Verhulst A, D'Haese PC, Neven E, Needham LM, Lee SF, Shanahan CM, Duer MJ. Poly(ADP-Ribose) Links the DNA Damage Response and Biomineralization. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3124-3138.e13. [PMID: 31189100 PMCID: PMC6581741 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization of the extracellular matrix is an essential, regulated process. Inappropriate mineralization of bone and the vasculature has devastating effects on patient health, yet an integrated understanding of the chemical and cell biological processes that lead to mineral nucleation remains elusive. Here, we report that biomineralization of bone and the vasculature is associated with extracellular poly(ADP-ribose) synthesized by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases in response to oxidative and/or DNA damage. We use ultrastructural methods to show poly(ADP-ribose) can form both calcified spherical particles, reminiscent of those found in vascular calcification, and biomimetically calcified collagen fibrils similar to bone. Importantly, inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo inhibits biomineralization, suggesting a therapeutic route for the treatment of vascular calcifications. We conclude that poly(ADP-ribose) plays a central chemical role in both pathological and physiological extracellular matrix calcification. Poly(ADP-ribose) is found close to ECM calcification in developing bone and arteries Poly(ADP-ribose) is produced in response to oxidative stress and delivered to the ECM Poly(ADP-ribose) forms dense liquid droplets with calcium ions Inhibiting PARP enzyme activity blocks calcification in vitro and in vivo
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin H Müller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Robert Hayward
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Rakesh Rajan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Meredith Whitehead
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Andrew M Cobb
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sadia Ahmad
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Mengxi Sun
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ieva Goldberga
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Uliana Bashtanova
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Anna M Puszkarska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - David G Reid
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Roger A Brooks
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Box 180, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Jeremy N Skepper
- Cambridge Advanced Imaging Centre, Department of Physiology, Development and Neurobiology, Downing Site, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jayanta Bordoloi
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Wing Ying Chow
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Oschkinat
- Leibniz Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare Pharmakologie (FMP) im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Campus Berlin-Buch, Robert-Roessle-Str 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alex Groombridge
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - James A Harrison
- Cycle Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Bailey Grundy Barrett Building, Little St. Mary's Lane, Cambridge CB2 1RR, UK
| | - Anja Verhulst
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick C D'Haese
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ellen Neven
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lisa-Maria Needham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Catherine M Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
| | - Melinda J Duer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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31
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Liu Y, Shen Y, Guo T, Parnell LD, Westerman KE, Smith CE, Ordovas JM, Lai CQ. Statin Use Associates With Risk of Type 2 Diabetes via Epigenetic Patterns at ABCG1. Front Genet 2020; 11:622. [PMID: 32612641 PMCID: PMC7308584 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Statin is the medication most widely prescribed to reduce plasma cholesterol levels. Yet, how the medication contributes to diabetes risk and impaired glucose metabolism is not clear. This study aims to examine the epigenetic mechanisms of ABCG1 through which statin use associates with risk of type 2 diabetes. We determined the association between the statin use, DNA methylation at ABCG1 and type 2 diabetes/glycemic traits in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring (FHS, n = 2741), with validation in the Women’s Health Initiative Study (WHI, n = 2020). The causal effect of statin use on the risk of type 2 diabetes was examined using a two-step Mendelian randomization approach. Next, based on transcriptome analysis, we determined the links between the medication-associated epigenetic status of ABCG1 and biological pathways on the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Our results showed that DNA methylation levels at cg06500161 of ABCG1 were positively associated with the use of statin, type 2 diabetes and related traits (fasting glucose and insulin) in FHS and WHI. Two-step Mendelian randomization suggested a causal effect of statin use on type 2 diabetes and related traits through epigenetic mechanisms, specifically, DNA methylation at cg06500161. Our results highlighted that gene expression of ABCG1, ABCA1 and ACSL3, involved in both cholesterol metabolism and glycemic pathways, was inversely associated with statin use, CpG methylation, and diabetic signatures. We concluded that DNA methylation site cg06500161 at ABCG1 is a mediator of the association between statins and risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Liu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yu Shen
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Tao Guo
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Cardiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Laurence D Parnell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kenneth E Westerman
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States.,IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States
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Liu Y, Li J, Han Y, Chen Y, Liu L, Lang J, Yang C, Luo H, Ning J. Advanced glycation end-products suppress autophagy by AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway to promote vascular calcification. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 471:91-100. [PMID: 32514882 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03769-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is closely linked to patients in diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease. Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are associated with osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC), vascular calcification, and autophagy that takes part in the process. However, the underlying mechanism of the effects of AGEs on the phenotypic transition and autophagy of VSMCs is not clearly understood. In this study, we cultured the rat VSMC line (A7R5) and thoracic aorta organ with bovine serum albumin (BSA) or AGEs (AGEs-BSA) and detected proteins expression by Western blotting or immunofluorescence. Autophagosome was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mineralization and calcific nodules were identified by Alizarin Red S and Von Kossa staining. AGEs significantly downregulated p-AMPKα expression and upregulated p-mTOR expression and then increased the expression of osteoblastic differentiation, while suppressing autophagy in a time-dependent pattern. Pretreatment with autophagy activator rapamycin and AMPK activator AICAR both upregulated the autophagy level and downregulated the effects of AGEs on osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs. Moreover, the result from rat thoracic aorta culture also confirmed that AGEs promote vascular calcification in a time-dependent manner. Thus, our study showed that AGEs quicken vascular calcification and suppress autophagy associated with AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yuting Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lixuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Jiangli Lang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, 107 Yanjiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Hengcong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 63 Duobao Road, Liwan District, Guangzhou, 510150, China.
| | - Jie Ning
- Department of Endocrinology, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Guangdong Medical University Affiliated Longhua Central Hospital, Shenzhen, 518110, Guangdong, China.
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Iseri K, Dai L, Chen Z, Qureshi AR, Brismar TB, Stenvinkel P, Lindholm B. Bone mineral density and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients. Clin Kidney J 2020; 13:307-321. [PMID: 32699616 PMCID: PMC7367137 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfaa089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients and associates with high fracture incidence and high all-cause mortality. This is because chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorders (CKD-MBDs) promote not only bone disease (osteoporosis and renal dystrophy) but also vascular calcification and cardiovascular disease. The disturbed bone metabolism in ESRD leads to 'loss of cortical bone' with increased cortical porosity and thinning of cortical bone rather than to loss of trabecular bone. Low BMD, especially at cortical-rich bone sites, is closely linked to CKD-MBD, vascular calcification and poor cardiovascular outcomes. These effects appear to be largely mediated by shared mechanistic pathways via the 'bone-vascular axis' through which impaired bone status associates with changes in the vascular wall. Thus, bone is more than just the scaffolding that holds the body together and protects organs from external forces but is-in addition to its physical supportive function-also an active endocrine organ that interacts with the vasculature by paracrine and endocrine factors through pathways including Wnt signalling, osteoprotegerin (OPG)/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK)/RANK ligand system and the Galectin-3/receptor of advanced glycation end products axis. The insight that osteogenesis and vascular calcification share many similarities-and the knowledge that vascular calcification is a cell-mediated active rather than a passive mineralization process-suggest that low BMD and vascular calcification ('vascular ossification') to a large extent represent two sides of the same coin. Here, we briefly review changes of BMD in ESRD as observed using different DXA methods (central and whole-body DXA) at different bone sites for BMD measurements, and summarize recent knowledge regarding the relationships between 'low BMD' and 'fracture incidence, vascular calcification and increased mortality' in ESRD patients, as well as potential 'molecular mechanisms' underlying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Iseri
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lu Dai
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhimin Chen
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Rashid Qureshi
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torkel B Brismar
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Division of Medical Imaging and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bengt Lindholm
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Divisions of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Zhao W, Wang Y, Kong W, Zhao HD. Elevated serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and the metalloproteinase-ADAMTS7 levels are associated with vascular calcification in maintenance hemodialysis patients. Semin Dial 2020; 33:322-329. [PMID: 32441044 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification is common in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Recent studies showed that cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) could protect blood vessels from calcification, but the role of ADAMTS7 was opposite. We aimed to investigate the relationship between serum COMP, ADAMTS7 levels and vascular calcification scores in HD patients. METHODS Serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were tested by ELISA and we compared calcification scores between high and low COMP groups, also between high and low ADAMTS7 groups. We also investigated the differences of serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels between mild and severe vascular calcification groups. The relationship between serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels was analyzed in the end. RESULTS Serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were both higher in HD patients than in control (29.63 vs 14.23 ng/mL, P = .002, 11.12 vs 2.40 ng/mL, P = .005). Serum COMP levels in severe vascular calcification (VC) group were higher than in mild VC (43.13 ± 28.77 vs 26.75 ± 18.22 ng/mL, P = .010). Serum ADAMTS7 levels were positively correlated with radial and digital arteries (small arteries) calcification scores (r = .249, P = .033). And serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were positively correlated (r = .348, P = .026). CONCLUSIONS Serum COMP and ADAMTS7 levels were probably associated with vascular calcification scores in HD respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Dan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing, China
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Quaglino D, Boraldi F, Lofaro FD. The biology of vascular calcification. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 354:261-353. [PMID: 32475476 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), characterized by different mineral deposits (i.e., carbonate apatite, whitlockite and hydroxyapatite) accumulating in blood vessels and valves, represents a relevant pathological process for the aging population and a life-threatening complication in acquired and in genetic diseases. Similarly to bone remodeling, VC is an actively regulated process in which many cells and molecules play a pivotal role. This review aims at: (i) describing the role of resident and circulating cells, of the extracellular environment and of positive and negative factors in driving the mineralization process; (ii) detailing the types of VC (i.e., intimal, medial and cardiac valve calcification); (iii) analyzing rare genetic diseases underlining the importance of altered pyrophosphate-dependent regulatory mechanisms; (iv) providing therapeutic options and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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37
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Aluganti Narasimhulu C, Singla DK. The Role of Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 (BMP-7) in Inflammation in Heart Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020280. [PMID: 31979268 PMCID: PMC7073173 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-7 is (BMP-7) is a potent anti-inflammatory growth factor belonging to the Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGF-β) superfamily. It plays an important role in various biological processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, neurogenesis and skeletal morphogenesis. BMP-7 stimulates the target cells by binding to specific membrane-bound receptor BMPR 2 and transduces signals through mothers against decapentaplegic (Smads) and mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. To date, rhBMP-7 has been used clinically to induce the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells bordering the bone fracture site into chondrocytes, osteoclasts, the formation of new bone via calcium deposition and to stimulate the repair of bone fracture. However, its use in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is currently being explored. More importantly, these cardiovascular diseases are associated with inflammation and infiltrated monocytes where BMP-7 has been demonstrated to be a key player in the differentiation of pro-inflammatory monocytes, or M1 macrophages, into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, which reduces developed cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of BMP-7 treatment in cardiovascular disease and its role as an anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory growth factor, which emphasizes its potential therapeutic significance in heart diseases.
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38
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van Dijk PR, Waanders F, Pasch A, Logtenberg SJJ, Vriesendorp T, Groenier KH, Hillebrands JL, Kleefstra N, Gans ROB, van Goor H, Bilo HJ. Favourable serum calcification propensity with intraperitoneal as compared with subcutaneous insulin administration in type 1 diabetes. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820908456. [PMID: 32166012 PMCID: PMC7054733 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820908456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum calcification propensity can be monitored using the maturation time of calciprotein particles in serum (T50 test). A shorter T50 indicates greater propensity to calcify; this is an independent determinant of cardiovascular disease. As the intraperitoneal (IP) route of insulin administration mimics the physiology more than the subcutaneous (SC) route in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), we hypothesized that IP insulin influences determinants of calcium propensity and therefore result in a longer T50 than SC insulin administration. METHODS Prospective, observational case-control study. Measurements were performed at baseline and at 26 weeks in age and gender matched persons with T1DM. RESULTS A total of 181 persons, 39 (21.5%) of which used IP and 142 (78.5%) SC insulin were analysed. Baseline T50 was 356 (45) minutes. The geometric mean T50 significantly differed between both treatment groups: 367 [95% confidence interval (CI) 357, 376] for the IP group and 352 (95% CI 347, 357) for the SC group with a difference of -15 (95% CI -25, -4) minutes, in favour of IP treatment. In multivariable analyses, the IP route of insulin administration had a positive relation on T50 concentrations while higher age, triglycerides and phosphate concentrations had an inverse relation. CONCLUSION Among persons with T1DM, IP insulin administration results in a more favourable calcification propensity time then SC insulin. It has yet to be shown if this observation translates into improved cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Femke Waanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isala, Zwolle,
The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology,
Pathology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of
Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nanno Kleefstra
- Department of Internal Medicine, University
Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The
Netherlands
- Langerhans Medical Research Group, Ommen, the
Netherlands
- GGZ Drenthe Mental Health Institute, Assen, the
Netherlands
| | - Rijk O. B. Gans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University
Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The
Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology,
Pathology division, University Medical Center Groningen, University of
Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Henk J.G. Bilo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University
Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The
Netherlands
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van Dijk PR, Hop H, Waanders F, Mulder UJ, Pasch A, Hillebrands JL, van Goor H, Bilo HJG. Serum calcification propensity in type 1 diabetes associates with mineral stress. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2019; 158:107917. [PMID: 31697993 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2019.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Increased vascular calcification could be an underlying mechanism of cardiovascular complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Calcificationpropensitycan be monitored by the maturation time of calciprotein particles in serum (T50 test). A high calcification propensity (i.e. low T50-value) is an independent determinant of mortality in various populations. Aim was to investigate T50levels with indices of calcium metabolism and disease status in T1DM patients. METHODS As part of a prospective cohort study, T1DM patients were examined annually. At baseline T50 was determined in 216 (77%) patients (57% male) with a mean age of 45 (12) years, diabetes duration 22 [15.8, 30.4] years and HbA1c of 60 (12) mmol/mol (7.6 (1.0) %). Baseline data were collected in 2002 and follow-up data were collected in 2018. RESULTS The T50 time was normally distributed with a mean of 339 (60) minutes. Patients in the highest tertile of T50 (range 369-466) were older, had lower phosphate and PTH and higher magnesium and vitamin D concentrations as compared to the middle (range 317-368) and lowest (range 129-316) tertiles, while eGFR was comparable between groups. During follow-up of 15 years, 43 patients developed a macrovascular complication and 26 patients died. In regression analysis, T50 was not a prognostic factor for the development of complications or mortality. CONCLUSIONS The T50 time was associated with indices of increased mineral stress, but not with the development of long-term macrovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter R van Dijk
- Isala, Diabetes Centre, Zwolle, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Hilde Hop
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Internal Medicine. Division of Vascular Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Femke Waanders
- Isala, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - Udo J Mulder
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Internal Medicine. Division of Vascular Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Division of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Division of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J G Bilo
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Desai MY, Cremer PC, Schoenhagen P. Thoracic Aortic Calcification: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Management Considerations. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 11:1012-1026. [PMID: 29976300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic calcification (TAC) is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, and for the cardiovascular imager, is predominantly encountered in 4 settings: 1) incidentally, for example, during a coronary artery calcium scan; 2) as part of dedicated screening; 3) in the evaluation of an embolic event; or 4) in procedural planning. This review focuses on TAC in these contexts. Within atherosclerosis, TAC is common, variable in extent, and begins in the intima with a patchy distribution. In metabolic disorders, aortitis, and radiation-associated cardiovascular disease, calcification preferentially involves the media and is often more concentric. As an incidental finding, atherosclerotic TAC provides limited incremental discriminative value, and current data do not support screening. After an embolic event, the demonstration of thoracic atheroma provides diagnostic clarity, but has limited treatment implications. Before any procedure, the plan often changes if the most severe form of TAC, a porcelain aorta, is discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milind Y Desai
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Paul C Cremer
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Paul Schoenhagen
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cardiovascular Section, Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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Sapkota M, Shrestha SK, Yang M, Park YR, Soh Y. Aloe-emodin inhibits osteogenic differentiation and calcification of mouse vascular smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172772. [PMID: 31697934 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification increases the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and diabetes. However, viable therapeutic methods to target vascular calcification are limited. Aloe-emodin (AE), an anthraquinone is a natural compound found in the leaves of Aloe-vera. In this study, we investigated the underlying mechanism of AE in the calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and murine thoracic aorta. We demonstrate that AE repressed not only the phenotypes of Ca2+ induced calcification but also level of calcium in VSMCs. AE has no effect on cell viability in VSMC cells. Alizarin red, von Kossa stainings and calcium quantification showed that Ca2+ induced vascular calcification is significantly decreased by AE in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, AE attenuated Ca2+ induced calcification through inhibiting osteoblast differentiation genes such as SMAD4, collagen 1α, osteopontin (OPN), Runt-related transcription factor (RUNX-2) and Osterix. AE also suppressed Ca2+ induced osteoblast-related protein expression including collagen 1α, bone morphogenic protein 2 (BMP-2), RUNX-2 and smooth muscle actin (SMA). Furthermore, Alizarin red, von Kossa stainings and calcium quantification showed that AE significantly inhibited the calcification of ex vivo ring formation in murine thoracic aorta, and markedly inhibited vitamin D3 induced medial aorta calcification in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that AE may have therapeutic potential for the prevention of vascular calcification program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Sapkota
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Saroj Kumar Shrestha
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ran Park
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju, 561-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjo Soh
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeon-Ju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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Lewis JR, Eggermont CJ, Schousboe JT, Lim WH, Wong G, Khoo B, Sim M, Yu M, Ueland T, Bollerslev J, Hodgson JM, Zhu K, Wilson KE, Kiel DP, Prince RL. Association Between Abdominal Aortic Calcification, Bone Mineral Density, and Fracture in Older Women. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:2052-2060. [PMID: 31310354 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although a relationship between vascular disease and osteoporosis has been recognized, its clinical importance for fracture risk evaluation remains uncertain. Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC), a recognized measure of vascular disease detected on single-energy images performed for vertebral fracture assessment, may also identify increased osteoporosis risk. In a prospective 10-year study of 1024 older predominantly white women (mean age 75.0 ± 2.6 years) from the Perth Longitudinal Study of Aging cohort, we evaluated the association between AAC, skeletal structure, and fractures. AAC and spine fracture were assessed at the time of hip densitometry and heel quantitative ultrasound. AAC was scored 0 to 24 (AAC24) and categorized into low AAC (score 0 and 1, n = 459), moderate AAC (score 2 to 5, n = 373), and severe AAC (score >6, n = 192). Prevalent vertebral fractures were calculated using the Genant semiquantitative method. AAC24 scores were inversely related to hip BMD ( r s = -0.077, p = 0.013), heel broadband ultrasound attenuation ( r s = -0.074, p = 0.020), and the Stiffness Index ( r s = -0.073, p = 0.022). In cross-sectional analyses, women with moderate to severe AAC were more likely to have prevalent fracture and lumbar spine imaging-detected lumbar spine fractures, but not thoracic spine fractures (Mantel-Haenszel test of trend p < 0.05). For 10-year incident clinical fractures and fracture-related hospitalizations, women with moderate to severe AAC (AAC24 score >1) had increased fracture risk (HR 1.48; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.91; p = 0.002; HR 1.46; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.99; p = 0.019, respectively) compared with women with low AAC. This relationship remained significant after adjusting for age and hip BMD for clinical fractures (HR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.81; p = 0.010), but was attenuated for fracture-related hospitalizations (HR 1.33; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.83; p = 0.073). In conclusion, older women with more marked AAC are at higher risk of fracture, not completely captured by bone structural predictors. These findings further support the concept that vascular calcification and bone pathology may share similar mechanisms of causation that remain to be fully elucidated © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Lewis
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - John T Schousboe
- Park Nicollet Osteoporosis Center and HealthPartners Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA, and Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wai H Lim
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Renal Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Germaine Wong
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead School of Public Health, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ben Khoo
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Physics, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Marc Sim
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - MingXiang Yu
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Shanghai Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thor Ueland
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jens Bollerslev
- Section of Specialized Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jonathan M Hodgson
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kun Zhu
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Douglas P Kiel
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard L Prince
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is strongly associated with all-cause mortality and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. Resulting from its complex, multifaceted nature, targeted treatments for VC have not yet been developed. Lipoproteins are well characterized in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic plaques, leading to the development of plaque regressing therapeutics. Although their roles in plaque progression are well documented, their roles in VC, and calcification of a plaque, are not well understood. In this review, early in vitro data and clinical correlations suggest an inhibitory role for HDL (high-density lipoproteins) in VC, a stimulatory role for LDL (low-density lipoprotein) and VLDL (very low-density lipoprotein) and a potentially causal role for Lp(a) (lipoprotein [a]). Additionally, after treatment with a statin or PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) inhibitor, plaque calcification is observed to increase. With the notion that differing morphologies of plaque calcification associate with either a more stable or unstable plaque phenotype, uncovering the mechanisms of lipoprotein-artery wall interactions could produce targeted therapeutic options for VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J. Akers
- From the South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia (E.J.A.)
- The University of Adelaide, Australia (E.J.A.)
| | - Stephen J. Nicholls
- Monash Cardiovascular Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (S.J.N.)
| | - Belinda A. Di Bartolo
- The Kolling Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Australia (B.A.D.B.)
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Thermodynamic and experimental modeling of the formation of the mineral phase of calcification. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kurozumi A, Nakano K, Yamagata K, Okada Y, Nakayamada S, Tanaka Y. IL-6 and sIL-6R induces STAT3-dependent differentiation of human VSMCs into osteoblast-like cells through JMJD2B-mediated histone demethylation of RUNX2. Bone 2019; 124:53-61. [PMID: 30981888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and vascular calcification are independent risk factors of cardiovascular events. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit osteoblast-like characteristics in response to various stimuli such as oxidized cholesterol and inflammation. However the precise mechanism of transcriptional regulation of VSMCs by inflammatory stimuli remains unclear. We investigated the process and mechanisms of inflammatory cytokine-induced transformation of human VSMCs (hVSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells, with a special focus on epigenetic changes. Our results demonstrated: (1) interleukin-6 (IL-6)/soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) induced transformation of hVSMCs into an osteoblast phenotype, with subsequent vascular calcification, based on the results of Alizarin Red S staining and O-Cresolphthalein complexone method; (2) IL-6/sIL-6R accelerated the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) based on the results of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction; (3) Knockdown of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 reduced IL-6/sIL-6R-induced RUNX2 mRNA expression and osteoblast transdifferentiation of hVSMCs; (4) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) coupled with PCR (ChIP-PCR) identified a STAT-binding site in RUNX2 promoter region containing trimethylated histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3), a transcriptional repressor, and H3K4me3, a transcriptional enhancer. Stimulation with IL-6/sIL-6R suppressed H3K9me3 but not H3K4me3 through the recruitment of jumonji domain-containing protein (JMJD) 2B, a histone lysine demethylase, at the STAT-binding site in RUNX2 promoter region; (5) IL-6/sIL-6R-induced RUNX2 gene expression was inhibited in hVSMCs pretreated with JIB04, JMJD2 inhibitor, and the inhibitory effect was JIB04 dose-dependent. Our results indicate that the IL-6/STAT3/JMJD2B pathway regulates hVSMCs differentiation into osteoblast-like cells, which suggest its pathogenic role in vascular calcification associated with chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kurozumi
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakano
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamagata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yosuke Okada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakayamada
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Tanaka
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan.
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Voelkl J, Lang F, Eckardt KU, Amann K, Kuro-O M, Pasch A, Pieske B, Alesutan I. Signaling pathways involved in vascular smooth muscle cell calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2077-2091. [PMID: 30887097 PMCID: PMC6502780 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03054-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Medial vascular calcification has emerged as a putative key factor contributing to the excessive cardiovascular mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hyperphosphatemia is considered a decisive determinant of vascular calcification in CKD. A critical role in initiation and progression of vascular calcification during elevated phosphate conditions is attributed to vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which are able to change their phenotype into osteo-/chondroblasts-like cells. These transdifferentiated VSMCs actively promote calcification in the medial layer of the arteries by producing a local pro-calcifying environment as well as nidus sites for precipitation of calcium and phosphate and growth of calcium phosphate crystals. Elevated extracellular phosphate induces osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs through complex intracellular signaling pathways, which are still incompletely understood. The present review addresses critical intracellular pathways controlling osteo-/chondrogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs and, thus, vascular calcification during hyperphosphatemia. Elucidating these pathways holds a significant promise to open novel therapeutic opportunities counteracting the progression of vascular calcification in CKD.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Phosphates/chemistry
- Calcium Phosphates/metabolism
- Cell Transdifferentiation
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Hyperphosphatemia/complications
- Hyperphosphatemia/genetics
- Hyperphosphatemia/metabolism
- Hyperphosphatemia/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/metabolism
- Osteoblasts/pathology
- RANK Ligand/genetics
- RANK Ligand/metabolism
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/genetics
- Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/complications
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
- Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Vascular Calcification/complications
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Voelkl
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology I, Eberhard-Karls University, Wilhelmstr. 56, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 8-10, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Makoto Kuro-O
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Calciscon AG, Aarbergstrasse 5, 2560, Nidau-Biel, Switzerland
| | - Burkert Pieske
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, German Heart Center Berlin (DHZB), Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Strasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 13347, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch Str. 2, 10178, Berlin, Germany
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Wang Y, Hu YC, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Chen D, Li LL, Jiang L, Zhang ZC, Li SN, Wen SN, Ruan YF, Liu N, Qiao Y, Lv Q, Hu R, Du X, Liu XH, Ma CS, Dong JZ, Bai R. Relationship between coronary artery calcification and calcium deposition in the myocardium. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:2910-2920. [PMID: 31117861 PMCID: PMC6683874 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519848587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the relationship between coronary artery calcification and calcium deposition in cardiomyocytes. Methods Patients who underwent valve replacement plus surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation, together with left atrial appendage resection, were included. Coronary artery calcification (CAC) score was evaluated prior to surgery using dual-source computed tomography. Samples of left atrial appendage tissue were collected to analyse the following indicators: calcium deposition, alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, protein levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin and β-catenin, and mRNA levels of osteopontin, endothelin and ghrelin. Relationships between CAC score and various indicators were analysed by univariate logistic or linear regression. Results Out of tissue from eight patients, CAC score was not correlated with cardiomyocyte calcification (odds ratio [OR] 0.984 and OR 0.983; von Kossa or alizarin red staining, respectively). CAC score showed an inverse linear correlation with Runx2 protein (β = –0.75), but was not correlated with osteopontin (β = –0.52) or β-catenin protein (β = –0.56), mRNA levels of osteopontin, endothelin and ghrelin (β = 0.13, 0.02, and 0.02, respectively), alkaline phosphatase activity (β = 0.56), or calcium content (β = –0.22). Conclusions Coronary artery calcification was not correlated with calcium deposition in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cai Hu
- 2 Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- 3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- 4 Department of Radiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Chen
- 5 Department of Pathology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Ling Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Le Jiang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Chuan Zhang
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Nan Li
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Song-Nan Wen
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Fei Ruan
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Qiao
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Lv
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Hu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Du
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Liu
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Sheng Ma
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Bai
- 1 Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Sellers SL, Leipsic JA. Bioprosthetic Valve Dysfunction: A Complex Biological Process. STRUCTURAL HEART 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/24748706.2018.1562266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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49
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Recent Advances on Relationship Between Inorganic Phosphate and Pathologic Calcification: Is Calcification After Breast Augmentation with Fat Grafting Correlated with Locally Increased Concentration of Inorganic Phosphate? Aesthetic Plast Surg 2019; 43:243-252. [PMID: 30552471 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-018-1285-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathologic calcification has frequently occurred after breast augmentation with fat grafting as well as other conditions such as breast cancer, trauma, myocardial infarction, arteriosclerosis and even after reduction mammoplasty. Inorganic phosphate, correlated with fat metabolism, is an important factor that induces pathologic calcification such as vascular calcification. METHODS A literature search was conducted using PubMed with the keywords: calcification, inorganic phosphate, fat. Studies related to the process of pathologic calcification, correlation between inorganic phosphate and pathologic calcification, between inorganic phosphate and fat metabolism in pathologic calcification were collected. RESULTS Various mechanisms were referred to in pathologic calcification among which inorganic phosphate played an important role. Inorganic phosphate could be liberated, under the effect of various enzymes, in the process of fat metabolism. The authors hypothesized that a large-scale necrotizing zone, which could occur in fat grafting with large amounts per cannula, might provide a high-phosphate environment which might contribute to differentiation of surrounding cells such as stem cells or regenerated vessel cells into osteoblast-like cells that induce pathologic calcification. CONCLUSION Inorganic phosphate, which was correlated with fat metabolism, played a significant role in pathologic calcification. We firstly hypothesize that calcification after fat grafting may be related to locally increasing concentrations of phosphate in a necrotizing zone. Further research should be conducted to verify this hypothesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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50
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Kim JM, Park KY, Bae JH, Han SH, Jeong HB, Jeong D. Intracranial Arterial Calcificationes Can Reflect Cerebral Atherosclerosis Burden. J Clin Neurol 2018; 15:38-45. [PMID: 30375758 PMCID: PMC6325360 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2019.15.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose We investigated whether the intracranial arterial calcification status reflects the overall cerebral atherosclerosis burden. Methods Patients with acute cerebral infarction who were admitted to a single university hospital stroke center and underwent brain computed tomography angiography (CTA) between May 2011 and December 2015 were included. We reviewed their demographic, clinical, and imaging data. Cerebral artery calcification was assessed from the cavernous portion of both internal carotid arteries, and patients were categorized into three groups according to the calcification status. The cerebral atherosclerosis score was calculated as the sum of the degree of stenosis of the major intracranial and extracranial arteries on brain CTA. Results In total, 1,161 patients were included (age=67±13 years, mean±standard deviation), of which 517 were female. Intracranial arterial calcification and atherosclerosis were detected in 921 patients. The cerebral atherosclerosis score tended to increase with the calcification status (no calcification=2.0±3.0, mild=3.8±3.8, severe=6.5±4.8; p<0.001 in analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni test). Multivariable logistic regression analysis including age, sex, vascular risk factors, body mass index, estimated glomerular filtration rate, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and calcification status showed that intracranial calcification was independently associated with an advanced cerebral atherosclerosis burden in a dose-dependent manner (compared to no calcification: odds ratio=2.0 and 95% confidence interval=1.1–3.4 for mild calcification, and odds ratio=4.7 and 95% confidence interval=2.7–8.3 for severe calcification). Conclusions This study found that the calcification status of the cavernous portion of an internal carotid artery can reflect the overall cerebral atherosclerosis burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Yeol Park
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Jae Han Bae
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Hyun Han
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Bong Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daeun Jeong
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
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