1
|
Matsuzaki T, Weistuch C, de Graff A, Dill KA, Balázsi G. Transcriptional drift in aging cells: A global decontroller. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2401830121. [PMID: 39012826 PMCID: PMC11287169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2401830121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
As cells age, they undergo a remarkable global change: In transcriptional drift, hundreds of genes become overexpressed while hundreds of others become underexpressed. Using archetype modeling and Gene Ontology analysis on data from aging Caenorhabditis elegans worms, we find that the up-regulated genes code for sensory proteins upstream of stress responses and down-regulated genes are growth- and metabolism-related. We observe similar trends within human fibroblasts, suggesting that this process is conserved in higher organisms. We propose a simple mechanistic model for how such global coordination of multiprotein expression levels may be achieved by the binding of a single factor that concentrates with age in C. elegans. A key implication is that a cell's own responses are part of its aging process, so unlike wear-and-tear processes, intervention might be able to modulate these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Matsuzaki
- Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
| | - Corey Weistuch
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY10065
| | | | - Ken A. Dill
- Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
| | - Gábor Balázsi
- Louis and Beatrice Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, New York, NY11794
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hadanny A, Sasson E, Copel L, Daniel-Kotovsky M, Yaakobi E, Lang E, Fishlev G, Polak N, Friedman M, Doenyas K, Finci S, Zemel Y, Bechor Y, Efrati S. Physical enhancement of older adults using hyperbaric oxygen: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:572. [PMID: 38961397 PMCID: PMC11220959 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05146-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging is associated with a progressive decline in the capacity for physical activity. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of an intermittent hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) protocol on maximal physical performance and cardiac perfusion in sedentary older adults. METHODS A randomized controlled clinical trial randomized 63 adults (> 64yrs) either to HBOT (n = 30) or control arms (n = 33) for three months. Primary endpoint included the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2Max) and VO2Max/Kg, on an E100 cycle ergometer. Secondary endpoints included cardiac perfusion, evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging and pulmonary function. The HBOT protocol comprised of 60 sessions administered on a daily basis, for 12 consecutive weeks, breathing 100% oxygen at 2 absolute atmospheres (ATA) for 90 min with 5-minute air breaks every 20 min. RESULTS Following HBOT, improvements were observed in VO2Max/kg, with a significant increase of 1.91 ± 3.29 ml/kg/min indicated by a net effect size of 0.455 (p = 0.0034). Additionally, oxygen consumption measured at the first ventilatory threshold (VO2VT1) showed a significant increase by 160.03 ± 155.35 ml/min (p < 0.001) with a net effect size of 0.617. Furthermore, both cardiac blood flow (MBF) and cardiac blood volume (MBV) exhibited significant increases when compared to the control group. The net effect size for MBF was large at 0.797 (p = 0.008), while the net effect size for MBV was even larger at 0.896 (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION The findings of the study indicate that HBOT has the potential to improve physical performance in aging adults. The enhancements observed encompass improvements in key factors including VO2Max, and VO2VT1. An important mechanism contributing to these improvements is the heightened cardiac perfusion induced by HBOT. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02790541 (registration date 06/06/2016).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hadanny
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel.
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
| | - Efrat Sasson
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Laurian Copel
- Radiology Department, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
| | - Malka Daniel-Kotovsky
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Eldad Yaakobi
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Erez Lang
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Gregory Fishlev
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Nir Polak
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Mony Friedman
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Keren Doenyas
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Shachar Finci
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Yonatan Zemel
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Yair Bechor
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
| | - Shai Efrati
- Sagol Center for Hyperbaric Medicine and Research, Shamir (Assaf Harofeh) Medical Center, Zerifin, 70300, Israel
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Research and Development Unit, Shamir Medical Center, Zerifin, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Matsuzaki T, Weistuch C, de Graff A, Dill KA, Balázsi G. Transcriptional drift in aging cells: A global de-controller. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.21.568122. [PMID: 38045342 PMCID: PMC10690170 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.21.568122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
As cells age, they undergo a remarkable global change: In transcriptional drift, hundreds of genes become overexpressed while hundreds of others become underexpressed. Using archetype modeling and Gene Ontology analysis on data from aging Caenorhabditis elegans worms, we find that the upregulated genes code for sensory proteins upstream of stress responses and downregulated genes are growth- and metabolism-related. We propose a simple mechanistic model for how such global coordination of multi-protein expression levels may be achieved by the binding of a single ligand that concentrates with age. A key implication is that a cell's own responses are part of its aging process, so unlike for wear-and-tear processes, intervention might be able to modulate these effects.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ravenhill SM, Evans AH, Crewther SG. Escalating Bi-Directional Feedback Loops between Proinflammatory Microglia and Mitochondria in Ageing and Post-Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051117. [PMID: 37237983 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive age-related neurodegenerative disease affecting up to 3% of the global population over 65 years of age. Currently, the underlying physiological aetiology of PD is unknown. However, the diagnosed disorder shares many common non-motor symptoms associated with ageing-related neurodegenerative disease progression, such as neuroinflammation, microglial activation, neuronal mitochondrial impairment, and chronic autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Clinical PD has been linked to many interrelated biological and molecular processes, such as escalating proinflammatory immune responses, mitochondrial impairment, lower adenosine triphosphate (ATP) availability, increasing release of neurotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), impaired blood brain barrier integrity, chronic activation of microglia, and damage to dopaminergic neurons consistently associated with motor and cognitive decline. Prodromal PD has also been associated with orthostatic hypotension and many other age-related impairments, such as sleep disruption, impaired gut microbiome, and constipation. Thus, this review aimed to present evidence linking mitochondrial dysfunction, including elevated oxidative stress, ROS, and impaired cellular energy production, with the overactivation and escalation of a microglial-mediated proinflammatory immune response as naturally occurring and damaging interlinked bidirectional and self-perpetuating cycles that share common pathological processes in ageing and PD. We propose that both chronic inflammation, microglial activation, and neuronal mitochondrial impairment should be considered as concurrently influencing each other along a continuum rather than as separate and isolated linear metabolic events that affect specific aspects of neural processing and brain function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Howard Evans
- Department of Medicine, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne 3052, Australia
- Epworth Hospital, Richmond 3121, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fujino T, Asada S, Goyama S, Kitamura T. Mechanisms involved in hematopoietic stem cell aging. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:473. [PMID: 35941268 PMCID: PMC11072869 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04356-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) undergo progressive functional decline over time due to both internal and external stressors, leading to aging of the hematopoietic system. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HSC aging will be valuable in developing novel therapies for HSC rejuvenation and to prevent the onset of several age-associated diseases and hematological malignancies. This review considers the general causes of HSC aging that range from cell-intrinsic factors to cell-extrinsic factors. In particular, epigenetics and inflammation have been implicated in the linkage of HSC aging, clonality, and oncogenesis. The challenges in clarifying mechanisms of HSC aging have accelerated the development of therapeutic interventions to rejuvenate HSCs, the major goal of aging research; these details are also discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Fujino
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Asada
- The Institute of Laboratory Animals, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 1628666, Japan
| | - Susumu Goyama
- Division of Molecular Oncology Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 1088639, Japan
| | - Toshio Kitamura
- Division of Cellular Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Effects of Different Types of Chronic Training on Bioenergetic Profile and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in LHCN-M2 Human Myoblast Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147491. [PMID: 35886840 PMCID: PMC9320149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human skeletal muscle contains three different types of fibers, each with a different metabolism. Exercise differently contributes to differentiation and metabolism in human myoblast cells. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of different types of chronic training on the human LHCN-M2 myoblast cell bioenergetic profile during differentiation in real time and on the ROS overproduction consequent to H2O2 injury. We demonstrated that exercise differently affects the myoblast bioenergetics: aerobic exercise induced the most efficient glycolytic and oxidative capacity and proton leak reduction compared to untrained or anaerobic trained sera-treated cells. Similarly, ROS overproduction after H2O2 stress was lower in cells treated with differently trained sera compared to untrained sera, indicating a cytoprotective effect of training on the reduction of oxidative stress, and thus the promotion of longevity. In conclusion, for the first time, this study has provided knowledge regarding the modifications induced by different types of chronic training on human myoblast cell bioenergetics during the differentiation process in real time, and on ROS overproduction due to stress, with positive implications in terms of longevity.
Collapse
|
7
|
Improvement of Platelet Respiration by Cell-Permeable Succinate in Diabetic Patients Treated with Statins. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11040288. [PMID: 33800630 PMCID: PMC8065590 DOI: 10.3390/life11040288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most severe metabolic disease that reached the level of a global pandemic and is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity. Statins are the first-line lipid-lowering therapy in diabetic patients with or without a history of atherosclerotic disease. Although well tolerated, chronic treatment may result in side effects that lead to treatment interruption. Mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as a central pathomechanism in DM- and statin-induced side effects. Assessment of mitochondrial respiration in peripheral platelets has been increasingly used as a mirror of organ mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study aimed to assess the: (i) changes in mitochondrial respiration elicited by statins in patients with type 2 DM and (ii) the effects of cell-permeable succinate (NV118) on respiratory parameters in platelets harvested from these patients. No significant changes were found in global mitochondrial respiration of intact platelets isolated from diabetic patients treated with either atorvastatin or rosuvastatin. Similarly, no significant changes in mitochondrial respiration of permeabilized platelets were found between diabetic patients treated with atorvastatin and healthy controls. Acute ex vivo administration of NV118 significantly improved respiration in isolated platelets. These results prompt further research on the role of permeable succinate as a therapeutic alternative for improving mitochondrial function in metabolic pathologies and point to the role of peripheral platelets as a potential biomarker of treatment response.
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang H, Alder NN, Wang W, Szeto H, Marcinek DJ, Rabinovitch PS. Reduction of elevated proton leak rejuvenates mitochondria in the aged cardiomyocyte. eLife 2020; 9:e60827. [PMID: 33319746 PMCID: PMC7738186 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging-associated diseases, including cardiac dysfunction, are increasingly common in the population. However, the mechanisms of physiologic aging in general, and cardiac aging in particular, remain poorly understood. Age-related heart impairment is lacking a clinically effective treatment. Using the model of naturally aging mice and rats, we show direct evidence of increased proton leak in the aged heart mitochondria. Moreover, our data suggested ANT1 as the most likely site of mediating increased mitochondrial proton permeability in old cardiomyocytes. Most importantly, the tetra-peptide SS-31 prevents age-related excess proton entry, decreases the mitochondrial flash activity and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, rejuvenates mitochondrial function by direct association with ANT1 and the mitochondrial ATP synthasome, and leads to substantial reversal of diastolic dysfunction. Our results uncover the excessive proton leak as a novel mechanism of age-related cardiac dysfunction and elucidate how SS-31 can reverse this clinically important complication of cardiac aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Nathan N Alder
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of ConnecticutStorrsUnited States
| | - Wang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Hazel Szeto
- Social Profit Network Research Lab, Alexandria LaunchLabsNew YorkUnited States
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chiao YA, Zhang H, Sweetwyne M, Whitson J, Ting YS, Basisty N, Pino LK, Quarles E, Nguyen NH, Campbell MD, Zhang T, Gaffrey MJ, Merrihew G, Wang L, Yue Y, Duan D, Granzier HL, Szeto HH, Qian WJ, Marcinek D, MacCoss MJ, Rabinovitch P. Late-life restoration of mitochondrial function reverses cardiac dysfunction in old mice. eLife 2020; 9:e55513. [PMID: 32648542 PMCID: PMC7377906 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diastolic dysfunction is a prominent feature of cardiac aging in both mice and humans. We show here that 8-week treatment of old mice with the mitochondrial targeted peptide SS-31 (elamipretide) can substantially reverse this deficit. SS-31 normalized the increase in proton leak and reduced mitochondrial ROS in cardiomyocytes from old mice, accompanied by reduced protein oxidation and a shift towards a more reduced protein thiol redox state in old hearts. Improved diastolic function was concordant with increased phosphorylation of cMyBP-C Ser282 but was independent of titin isoform shift. Late-life viral expression of mitochondrial-targeted catalase (mCAT) produced similar functional benefits in old mice and SS-31 did not improve cardiac function of old mCAT mice, implicating normalizing mitochondrial oxidative stress as an overlapping mechanism. These results demonstrate that pre-existing cardiac aging phenotypes can be reversed by targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and implicate mitochondrial energetics and redox signaling as therapeutic targets for cardiac aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ann Chiao
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research FoundationOklahoma CityUnited States
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Mariya Sweetwyne
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Jeremy Whitson
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Ying Sonia Ting
- Department of Genome Science, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Lindsay K Pino
- Department of Genome Science, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Ellen Quarles
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Ngoc-Han Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | | | - Tong Zhang
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandUnited States
| | - Matthew J Gaffrey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandUnited States
| | - Gennifer Merrihew
- Department of Genome Science, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Yongping Yue
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Dongsheng Duan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of MissouriColumbiaUnited States
| | - Henk L Granzier
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | | | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandUnited States
| | - David Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Michael J MacCoss
- Department of Genome Science, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Peter Rabinovitch
- Department of Pathology, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hayes MH, Peuchen EH, Dovichi NJ, Weeks DL. Dual roles for ATP in the regulation of phase separated protein aggregates in Xenopus oocyte nucleoli. eLife 2018; 7:35224. [PMID: 30015615 PMCID: PMC6050040 DOI: 10.7554/elife.35224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For many proteins, aggregation is one part of a structural equilibrium that can occur. Balancing productive aggregation versus pathogenic aggregation that leads to toxicity is critical and known to involve adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dependent action of chaperones and disaggregases. Recently a second activity of ATP was identified, that of a hydrotrope which, independent of hydrolysis, was sufficient to solubilize aggregated proteins in vitro. This novel function of ATP was postulated to help regulate proteostasis in vivo. We tested this hypothesis on aggregates found in Xenopus oocyte nucleoli. Our results indicate that ATP has dual roles in the maintenance of protein solubility. We provide evidence of endogenous hydrotropic action of ATP but show that hydrotropic solubilization of nucleolar aggregates is preceded by a destabilizing event. Destabilization is accomplished through an energy dependent process, reliant upon ATP and one or more soluble nuclear factors, or by disruption of a co-aggregate like RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Hayes
- Molecular Medicine Doctoral Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| | - Elizabeth H Peuchen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, United States
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, United States
| | - Daniel L Weeks
- Molecular Medicine Doctoral Program, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Robinson AR, Yousefzadeh MJ, Rozgaja TA, Wang J, Li X, Tilstra JS, Feldman CH, Gregg SQ, Johnson CH, Skoda EM, Frantz MC, Bell-Temin H, Pope-Varsalona H, Gurkar AU, Nasto LA, Robinson RAS, Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg H, Czerwinska J, McGowan SJ, Cantu-Medellin N, Harris JB, Maniar S, Ross MA, Trussoni CE, LaRusso NF, Cifuentes-Pagano E, Pagano PJ, Tudek B, Vo NV, Rigatti LH, Opresko PL, Stolz DB, Watkins SC, Burd CE, Croix CMS, Siuzdak G, Yates NA, Robbins PD, Wang Y, Wipf P, Kelley EE, Niedernhofer LJ. Spontaneous DNA damage to the nuclear genome promotes senescence, redox imbalance and aging. Redox Biol 2018; 17:259-273. [PMID: 29747066 PMCID: PMC6006678 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of senescent cells over time contributes to aging and age-related diseases. However, what drives senescence in vivo is not clear. Here we used a genetic approach to determine if spontaneous nuclear DNA damage is sufficient to initiate senescence in mammals. Ercc1-/∆ mice with reduced expression of ERCC1-XPF endonuclease have impaired capacity to repair the nuclear genome. Ercc1-/∆ mice accumulated spontaneous, oxidative DNA damage more rapidly than wild-type (WT) mice. As a consequence, senescent cells accumulated more rapidly in Ercc1-/∆ mice compared to repair-competent animals. However, the levels of DNA damage and senescent cells in Ercc1-/∆ mice never exceeded that observed in old WT mice. Surprisingly, levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased in tissues of Ercc1-/∆ mice to an extent identical to naturally-aged WT mice. Increased enzymatic production of ROS and decreased antioxidants contributed to the elevation in oxidative stress in both Ercc1-/∆ and aged WT mice. Chronic treatment of Ercc1-/∆ mice with the mitochondrial-targeted radical scavenger XJB-5-131 attenuated oxidative DNA damage, senescence and age-related pathology. Our findings indicate that nuclear genotoxic stress arises, at least in part, due to mitochondrial-derived ROS, and this spontaneous DNA damage is sufficient to drive increased levels of ROS, cellular senescence, and the consequent age-related physiological decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andria R Robinson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Matthew J Yousefzadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Tania A Rozgaja
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Xuesen Li
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jeremy S Tilstra
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Chelsea H Feldman
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Siobhán Q Gregg
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | | | - Erin M Skoda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Marie-Céline Frantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Harris Bell-Temin
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Hannah Pope-Varsalona
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Aditi U Gurkar
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Luigi A Nasto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Paediatric Orthopaedics, G. Gaslini Children's Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - Renã A S Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Heike Fuhrmann-Stroissnigg
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jolanta Czerwinska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sara J McGowan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | | | - Jamie B Harris
- Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Salony Maniar
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark A Ross
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christy E Trussoni
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Nicholas F LaRusso
- Division of Gastroenterology and Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Eugenia Cifuentes-Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick J Pagano
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Barbara Tudek
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nam V Vo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Lora H Rigatti
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Patricia L Opresko
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Donna B Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Christin E Burd
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Claudette M St Croix
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- The Scripps Research Institute California, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nathan A Yates
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Center, Schools of the Health Sciences University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Paul D Robbins
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yinsheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Eric E Kelley
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine and the Center on Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sparks LM, Redman LM, Conley KE, Harper ME, Yi F, Hodges A, Eroshkin A, Costford SR, Gabriel ME, Shook C, Cornnell HH, Ravussin E, Smith SR. Effects of 12 Months of Caloric Restriction on Muscle Mitochondrial Function in Healthy Individuals. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:111-121. [PMID: 27778643 PMCID: PMC5413108 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The effects of caloric restriction (CR) on in vivo muscle mitochondrial function in humans are controversial. OBJECTIVE We evaluated muscle mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional profiles in nonobese humans after 12 months of CR. DESIGN Individuals from an ancillary study of the CALERIE 2 randomized controlled trial were assessed at baseline and 12 months after a 25% CR or ad libitum (control) diet. SETTING The study was performed at Pennington Biomedical Research Center in Baton Rouge, LA. PARTICIPANTS Study participants included 51 (34 female subjects, 25 to 50 years of age) healthy nonobese individuals randomized to 1 of 2 groups (CR or control). INTERVENTION This study included 12 months of a 25% CR or ad libitum (control) diet. MAIN OUTCOMES In vivo mitochondrial function [maximal ATP synthesis rate (ATPmax), ATPflux/O2 (P/O)] was determined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy, and body composition was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. In a subset of individuals, a muscle biopsy was performed for transcriptional profiling via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and microarrays. RESULTS Weight, body mass index (BMI), fat, and fat-free mass (P < 0.001 for all) significantly decreased at month 12 after CR vs control. In vivo ATPmax and P/O were unaffected by 12 months of CR. Targeted transcriptional profiling showed no effects on pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, function, or oxidative stress. A subgroup analysis according to baseline P/O demonstrated that a higher (vs lower) P/O was associated with notable improvements in ATPmax and P/O after CR. CONCLUSIONS In healthy nonobese humans, CR has no effect on muscle mitochondrial function; however, having a "more coupled" (versus "less coupled") phenotype enables CR-induced improvements in muscle mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M. Sparks
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
- Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827;
| | - Leanne M. Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808;
| | - Kevin E. Conley
- Radiology,
- Physiology & Biophysics, and
- Bioengineering, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98195;
| | - Mary-Ellen Harper
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario ON K1N 6N5, Canada;
| | - Fanchao Yi
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
| | - Andrew Hodges
- Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and
| | - Alexey Eroshkin
- Bioinformatics Core, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037; and
| | | | - Meghan E. Gabriel
- Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827;
| | - Cherie Shook
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
| | - Heather H. Cornnell
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808;
| | - Steven R. Smith
- Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes, Florida Hospital, Orlando, Florida 32804;
- Clinical and Molecular Origins of Disease, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, Orlando, Florida 32827;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Villalba JM, López-Domínguez JA, Chen Y, Khraiwesh H, González-Reyes JA, Del Río LF, Gutiérrez-Casado E, Del Río M, Calvo-Rubio M, Ariza J, de Cabo R, López-Lluch G, Navas P, Hagopian K, Burón MI, Ramsey JJ. The influence of dietary fat source on liver and skeletal muscle mitochondrial modifications and lifespan changes in calorie-restricted mice. Biogerontology 2015; 16:655-70. [PMID: 25860863 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-015-9572-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The Membrane Theory of Aging proposes that lifespan is inversely related to the level of unsaturation in membrane phospholipids. Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition extends lifespan in many model organisms, which may be related to alterations in membrane phospholipids fatty acids. During the last few years our research focused on studying how altering the predominant fat source affects the outcome of CR in mice. We have established four dietary groups: one control group fed 95 % of a pre-determined ad libitum intake (in order to prevent obesity), and three CR groups fed 40 % less than ad libitum intake. Lipid source for the control and one of the CR groups was soybean oil (high in n-6 PUFA) whereas the two remaining CR groups were fed diets containing fish oil (high in n-3 PUFA), or lard (high in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids). Dietary intervention periods ranged from 1 to 18 months. We performed a longitudinal lifespan study and a cross-sectional study set up to evaluate several mitochondrial parameters which included fatty acid composition, H(+) leak, activities of electron transport chain enzymes, ROS generation, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial ultrastructure, and mitochondrial apoptotic signaling in liver and skeletal muscle. These approaches applied to different cohorts of mice have independently indicated that lard as a fat source often maximizes the effects of 40 % CR on mice. These effects could be due to significant increases of monounsaturated fatty acids levels, in accordance with the Membrane Theory of Aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Villalba
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Edificio Severo Ochoa, 3ª planta, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, ceiA3, 14014, Córdoba, Spain,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Buck LD, Inman SW, Rusyn I, Griffith LG. Co-regulation of primary mouse hepatocyte viability and function by oxygen and matrix. Biotechnol Bioeng 2014; 111:1018-27. [PMID: 24222008 PMCID: PMC4110975 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Although oxygen and extracellular matrix cues both influence differentiation state and metabolic function of primary rat and human hepatocytes, relatively little is known about how these factors together regulate behaviors of primary mouse hepatocytes in culture. To determine the effects of pericellular oxygen tension on hepatocellular function, we employed two methods of altering oxygen concentration in the local cellular microenvironment of cells cultured in the presence or absence of an extracellular matrix (Matrigel) supplement. By systematically altering medium depth and gas phase oxygen tension, we created multiple oxygen regimes (hypoxic, normoxic, and hyperoxic) and measured the local oxygen concentrations in the pericellular environment using custom-designed oxygen microprobes. From these measurements of oxygen concentrations, we derived values of oxygen consumption rates under a spectrum of environmental contexts, thus providing the first reported estimates of these values for primary mouse hepatocytes. Oxygen tension and matrix microenvironment were found to synergistically regulate hepatocellular survival and function as assessed using quantitative image analysis for cells stained with vital dyes, and assessment of secretion of albumin. Hepatocellular viability was affected only at strongly hypoxic conditions. Surprisingly, albumin secretion rates were greatest at a moderately supra-physiological oxygen concentration, and this effect was mitigated at still greater supra-physiological concentrations. Matrigel enhanced the effects of oxygen on retention of function. This study underscores the importance of carefully controlling cell density, medium depth, and gas phase oxygen, as the effects of these parameters on local pericellular oxygen tension and subsequent hepatocellular function are profound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenna D. Buck
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S. Walker Inman
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda G. Griffith
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen Y, Hagopian K, Bibus D, Villalba JM, López-Lluch G, Navas P, Kim K, Ramsey JJ. The influence of dietary lipid composition on skeletal muscle mitochondria from mice following eight months of calorie restriction. Physiol Res 2013; 63:57-71. [PMID: 24182343 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) has been shown to decrease reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and retard aging in a variety of species. It has been proposed that alterations in membrane saturation are central to these actions of CR. As a step towards testing this theory, mice were assigned to 4 dietary groups (control and 3 CR groups) and fed AIN-93G diets at 95 % (control) or 60 % (CR) of ad libitum for 8 months. To manipulate membrane composition, the primary dietary fats for the CR groups were soybean oil (also used in the control diet), fish oil or lard. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial lipid composition, proton leak, and H(2)O(2) production were measured. Phospholipid fatty acid composition in CR mice was altered in a manner that reflected the n-3 and n-6 fatty acid profiles of their respective dietary lipid sources. Dietary lipid composition did not alter proton leak kinetics between the CR groups. However, the capacity of mitochondrial complex III to produce ROS was decreased in the CR lard compared to the other CR groups. The results of this study indicate that dietary lipid composition can influence ROS production in muscle mitochondria of CR mice. It remains to be determined if lard or other dietary oils can maximize the CR-induced decreases in ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- VM Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
The influence of dietary lipid composition on liver mitochondria from mice following 1 month of calorie restriction. Biosci Rep 2012; 33:83-95. [PMID: 23098316 PMCID: PMC3522480 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20120060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role mitochondrial membrane lipids play in the actions of CR (calorie restriction), C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups (control and three 40% CR groups) and the CR groups were fed diets containing soya bean oil (also in the control diet), fish oil or lard. The fatty acid composition of the major mitochondrial phospholipid classes, proton leak and H2O2 production were measured in liver mitochondria following 1 month of CR. The results indicate that mitochondrial phospholipid fatty acids reflect the PUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acid) profile of the dietary lipid sources. CR significantly decreased the capacity of ROS (reactive oxygen species) production by Complex III but did not markedly alter proton leak and ETC (electron transport chain) enzyme activities. Within the CR regimens, the CR-fish group had decreased ROS production by both Complexes I and III, and increased proton leak when compared with the other CR groups. The CR-lard group showed the lowest proton leak compared with the other CR groups. The ETC enzyme activity measurements in the CR regimens showed that Complex I activity was decreased in both the CR-fish and CR-lard groups. Moreover, the CR-fish group also had lower Complex II activity compared with the other CR groups. These results indicate that dietary lipid composition does influence liver mitochondrial phospholipid composition, ROS production, proton leak and ETC enzyme activities in CR animals.
Collapse
|
17
|
Massudi H, Grant R, Braidy N, Guest J, Farnsworth B, Guillemin GJ. Age-associated changes in oxidative stress and NAD+ metabolism in human tissue. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42357. [PMID: 22848760 PMCID: PMC3407129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential electron transporter in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. In genomic DNA, NAD+ also represents the sole substrate for the nuclear repair enzyme, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases. Age associated increases in oxidative nuclear damage have been associated with PARP-mediated NAD+ depletion and loss of SIRT1 activity in rodents. In this study, we further investigated whether these same associations were present in aging human tissue. Human pelvic skin samples were obtained from consenting patients aged between 15–77 and newborn babies (0–1 year old) (n = 49) previously scheduled for an unrelated surgical procedure. DNA damage correlated strongly with age in both males (p = 0.029; r = 0.490) and females (p = 0.003; r = 0.600) whereas lipid oxidation (MDA) levels increased with age in males (p = 0.004; r = 0.623) but not females (p = 0.3734; r = 0.200). PARP activity significantly increased with age in males (p<0.0001; r = 0.768) and inversely correlated with tissue NAD+ levels (p = 0.0003; r = −0.639). These associations were less evident in females. A strong negative correlation was observed between NAD+ levels and age in both males (p = 0.001; r = −0.706) and females (p = 0.01; r = −0.537). SIRT1 activity also negatively correlated with age in males (p = 0.007; r = −0.612) but not in females. Strong positive correlations were also observed between lipid peroxidation and DNA damage (p<0.0001; r = 0.4962), and PARP activity and NAD+ levels (p = 0.0213; r = 0.5241) in post pubescent males. This study provides quantitative evidence in support of the hypothesis that hyperactivation of PARP due to an accumulation of oxidative damage to DNA during aging may be responsible for increased NAD+ catabolism in human tissue. The resulting NAD+ depletion may play a major role in the aging process, by limiting energy production, DNA repair and genomic signalling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hassina Massudi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross Grant
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Nady Braidy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Faculty of Medicine, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jade Guest
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bruce Farnsworth
- Australasian Research Institute, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gilles J. Guillemin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chen Y, Hagopian K, McDonald RB, Bibus D, López-Lluch G, Villalba JM, Navas P, Ramsey JJ. The influence of dietary lipid composition on skeletal muscle mitochondria from mice following 1 month of calorie restriction. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2012; 67:1121-31. [PMID: 22503990 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gls113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the role mitochondrial membrane lipids play in the actions of calorie restriction (CR), C57BL/6 mice were assigned to four groups (control and three 40% CR groups) and fed diets containing soybean oil (also in the control diet), fish oil, or lard. The fatty acid composition of the major mitochondrial phospholipid classes, proton leak, and H(2)O(2) production were measured in muscle mitochondria following 1 month of CR. The results indicate that phospholipid fatty acids reflected the polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of the dietary lipid sources. Capacity for Complex I- and III-linked H(2)O(2) production was decreased with CR, although there was no difference between CR groups. The CR lard group had lower proton leak than all other groups. The results indicate that a decreased degree of unsaturation in muscle mitochondrial membranes is not required for reduced H(2)O(2) production with CR. However, dietary lipids do have some influence on proton leak with CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yana Chen
- VM Molecular Biosciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Hirschberg V, Fromme T, Klingenspor M. Test systems to study the structure and function of uncoupling protein 1: a critical overview. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2011; 2:63. [PMID: 22654819 PMCID: PMC3356129 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2011.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of active brown adipose tissue (BAT) in healthy adult humans has renewed interest in the biology of this organ. BAT is capable of distributing nutrient energy in the form of heat allowing small mammals to efficiently defend their body temperature when acutely exposed to the cold. On the other hand BAT might be a target for the treatment of obesity and related diseases, as its pharmacological activation could allow release of excess energy stored in white adipose tissue depots. Energy dissipation in BAT depends on the activity of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), therefore a BAT-based obesity therapy requires a detailed understanding of structure and function of UCP1. Although UCP1 has been in the focus of research since its discovery, central questions concerning its mechanistic function and regulation are not yet resolved. They have been addressed in native mitochondria but also in several test systems, which are generally used to lower inter-experimental variability and to simplify analysis conditions. Different test systems have contributed to our current knowledge about UCP1 but of course all of them have certain limitations. We here provide an overview about research on UCP1 structure and function in test systems. So far, these have nearly exclusively been employed to study rodent and not human UCP1. Considering that the amino acid sequence of mouse and human UCP1 is only 79% identical, it will be essential to test whether the human version has a similarly high catalytic activity, allowing a relevant amount of energy dissipation in human BAT. Besides the issue of comparable mechanistic function a sufficiently high expression level of human UCP1 is a further prerequisite for anti-obesity therapeutic potential. Treatments which induce BAT hyperplasia and UCP1 expression in humans might therefore be equally important to discover as mere activators of the thermogenic process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Hirschberg
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
- *Correspondence: Verena Hirschberg, Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany e-mail:
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Zentrum, Technische Universität MünchenFreising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hiona A, Sanz A, Kujoth GC, Pamplona R, Seo AY, Hofer T, Someya S, Miyakawa T, Nakayama C, Samhan-Arias AK, Servais S, Barger JL, Portero-Otín M, Tanokura M, Prolla TA, Leeuwenburgh C. Mitochondrial DNA mutations induce mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis and sarcopenia in skeletal muscle of mitochondrial DNA mutator mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11468. [PMID: 20628647 PMCID: PMC2898813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging results in a progressive loss of skeletal muscle, a condition known as sarcopenia. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations accumulate with aging in skeletal muscle and correlate with muscle loss, although no causal relationship has been established. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We investigated the relationship between mtDNA mutations and sarcopenia at the gene expression and biochemical levels using a mouse model that expresses a proofreading-deficient version (D257A) of the mitochondrial DNA Polymerase gamma, resulting in increased spontaneous mtDNA mutation rates. Gene expression profiling of D257A mice followed by Parametric Analysis of Gene Set Enrichment (PAGE) indicates that the D257A mutation is associated with a profound downregulation of gene sets associated with mitochondrial function. At the biochemical level, sarcopenia in D257A mice is associated with a marked reduction (35-50%) in the content of electron transport chain (ETC) complexes I, III and IV, all of which are partly encoded by mtDNA. D257A mice display impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics associated with compromised state-3 respiration, lower ATP content and a resulting decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim). Surprisingly, mitochondrial dysfunction was not accompanied by an increase in mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production or oxidative damage. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These findings demonstrate that mutations in mtDNA can be causal in sarcopenia by affecting the assembly of functional ETC complexes, the lack of which provokes a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation, without an increase in oxidative stress, and ultimately, skeletal muscle apoptosis and sarcopenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asimina Hiona
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Mitochondrial Gene Expression and Disease Group. Institute of Medical Technology and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gregory C. Kujoth
- Department of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Reinald Pamplona
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Arnold Y. Seo
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tim Hofer
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shinichi Someya
- Department of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Nakayama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Stephane Servais
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jamie L. Barger
- LifeGen Technologies, LLC, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Manuel Portero-Otín
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Lleida-Institut de Recerca Biomèdica de Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomas A. Prolla
- Department of Genetics and Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TAP); (CL)
| | - Christiaan Leeuwenburgh
- Division of Biology of Aging, Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute on Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (TAP); (CL)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mallajosyula JK, Chinta SJ, Rajagopalan S, Nicholls DG, Andersen JK. Metabolic control analysis in a cellular model of elevated MAO-B: relevance to Parkinson's disease. Neurotox Res 2009; 16:186-93. [PMID: 19526285 PMCID: PMC2727365 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-009-9032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that spare respiratory capacity of the TCA cycle enzyme alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH) was completely abolished upon increasing levels of MAO-B activity in a dopaminergic cell model system (Kumar et al., J Biol Chem 278:46432–46439, 2003). MAO-B mediated increases in H2O2 also appeared to result in direct oxidative inhibition of both mitochondrial complex I and aconitase. In order to elucidate the contribution that each of these components exerts over metabolic respiratory control as well as the impact of MAO-B elevation on their spare respiratory capacities, we performed metabolic respiratory control analysis. In addition to KGDH, we assessed the activities and substrate-mediated respiration of complex I, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), and mitochondrial aconitase in the absence and presence of complex-specific inhibitors in specific and mixed substrate conditions in mitochondria from our MAO-B elevated cells versus controls. Data from this study indicates that Complex I and KGDH are the most sensitive to inhibition by MAO-B mediated H2O2 generation, and could be instrumental in determining the fate of mitochondrial metabolism in this cellular PD model system.
Collapse
|
22
|
Asami DK, McDonald RB, Hagopian K, Horwitz BA, Warman D, Hsiao A, Warden C, Ramsey JJ. Effect of aging, caloric restriction, and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) on mitochondrial proton leak in mice. Exp Gerontol 2008; 43:1069-76. [PMID: 18852040 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2008.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 09/19/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial proton leak may modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and play a role in aging. The purpose of this study was to determine proton leak across the life span in skeletal mitochondria from calorie-restricted and UCP2/3 overexpressing mice. Proton leak in isolated mitochondria and markers of oxidative stress in whole tissue were measured in female C57BL/6J mice fed ad-libitum (WT-Control) or a 30% calorie-restricted (WT-CR) diet, and in mice overexpressing UCP2 and UCP3 (Positive-TG), their non-overexpressing littermates (Negative-TG) and UCP3 knockout mice (UCP3KO). Proton leak in WT-CR mice was lower than that of control mice at 8 and 26 months of age. The Positive-TG mice had greater proton leak than the Negative-TG and UCP3KO mice at 8 months of age, but this difference disappeared by 19 and 26 months. Lipid peroxidation was generally lower in WT-CR vs. WT-Control mice and UCP3KO mice had greater concentrations of T-BARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a measure of lipid peroxidation) than did Positive-TG and Negative-TG. The results of this study indicate that sustained increases in muscle mitochondrial proton leak are not responsible for alterations in life span with calorie restriction or UCP3 overexpression in mice. However, UCP3 may contribute to the actions of CR through mechanisms distinct from increasing basal proton leak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danny K Asami
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Betik AC, Hepple RT. Determinants of VO2 max decline with aging: an integrated perspective. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 33:130-40. [PMID: 18347663 DOI: 10.1139/h07-174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a progressive decline in the capacity for physical activity. Central to this decline is a reduction in the maximal rate of oxygen utilization, or VO2 max. This critical perspective examines the roles played by the factors that determine the rate of muscle oxygen delivery versus those that determine the utilization of oxygen by muscle as a means of probing the reasons for VO2 max decline with aging. Reductions in muscle oxygen delivery, principally due to reduced cardiac output and perhaps also a maldistribution of cardiac output, appear to play the dominant role up until late middle age. On the other hand, there is a decline in skeletal muscle oxidative capacity with aging, due in part to mitochondrial dysfunction, which appears to play a particularly important role in extreme old age (senescence) where skeletal muscle VO2 max is observed to decline by approximately 50% even under conditions of similar oxygen delivery as young adult muscle. It is noteworthy that at least the structural aspects of the capillary bed do not appear to be reduced in a manner that would compromise the capacity for muscle oxygen diffusion even in senescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Betik
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu J, Shi C, Li Q, Wu J, Forster EL, Yew DT. Mitochondrial dysfunction in platelets and hippocampi of senescence-accelerated mice. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2007; 39:195-202. [PMID: 17436064 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-007-9077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) strains are useful models to understand the mechanisms of age-dependent degeneration. In this study, measurements of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) of platelets and the Adenosine 5(')-triphosphate (ATP) content of hippocampi and platelets were made, and platelet mitochondria were observed in SAMP8 (faster aging mice) and SAMR1 (aging resistant control mice) at 2, 6 and 9 months of age. In addition, an Abeta-induced (Amyloid beta-protein) damage model of platelets was established. After the addition of Abeta, the Deltapsi(m) of platelets of SAMP8 at 1 and 6 months of age were measured. We found that platelet Deltapsi(m), and hippocampal and platelet ATP content of SAMP8 mice decreased at a relatively early age compared with SAMR1. The platelets of 6 month-old SAMP8 showed a tolerance to Abeta-induced damages. These results suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction might be one of the mechanisms leading to age-associated degeneration in SAMP mice at an early age and the platelets could serve as a biomarker for detection of mitochondrial function and age related disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Johnson G, Roussel D, Dumas JF, Douay O, Malthièry Y, Simard G, Ritz P. Influence of intensity of food restriction on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energy metabolism in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006; 291:E460-7. [PMID: 16621897 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00258.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Variable durations of food restriction (FR; lasting weeks to years) and variable FR intensities are applied to animals in life span-prolonging studies. A reduction in mitochondrial proton leak is suggested as a putative mechanism linking such diet interventions and aging retardation. Early mechanisms of mitochondrial metabolic adaptation induced by FR remain unclear. We investigated the influence of different degrees of FR over 3 days on mitochondrial proton leak and mitochondrial energy metabolism in rat hindlimb skeletal muscle. Animals underwent 25, 50, and 75% and total FR compared with control rats. Proton leak kinetics and mitochondrial functions were investigated in two mitochondrial subpopulations, intermyofibrillar (IMF) and subsarcolemmal (SSM) mitochondria. Regardless of the degree of restriction, skeletal muscle mass was not affected by 3 days of FR. Mitochondrial basal proton conductance was significantly decreased in 50% restricted rats in both mitochondrial subpopulations (46 and 40% for IMF and SSM, respectively) but was unaffected in other groups compared with controls. State 3 and uncoupled state 3 respiration rates were decreased in SSM mitochondria only for 50% restricted rats when pyruvate + malate was used as substrate (-34.5 and -38.9% compared with controls, P < 0.05). IMF mitochondria respiratory rates remained unchanged. Three days of FR, particularly at 50% FR, were sufficient to lower mitochondria energetic metabolism in both mitochondrial populations. Our study highlights an early step in mitochondrial adaptation to FR and the influence of the severity of restriction on this adaptation. This step may be involved in an aging-retardation process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gyasi Johnson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 694, Université d'Angers, F-49033 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Brain cells are highly energy dependent for maintaining ion homeostasis during high metabolic activity. During active periods, full mitochondrial function is essential to generate ATP from electrons that originate with the oxidation of NADH. Decreasing brain metabolism is a significant cause of cognitive abnormalities of Alzheimer disease (AD), but it remains uncertain whether this is the cause of further pathology or whether synaptic loss results in a lower energy demand. Synapses are the first to show pathological symptoms in AD before the onset of clinical symptoms. Because synaptic function has high energy demands, interruption in mitochondrial energy supply could be the major factor in synaptic failure in AD. A newly discovered age-related decline in neuronal NADH and redox ratio may jeopardize this function. Mitochondrial dehydrogenases and several mutations affecting energy transfer are frequently altered in aging and AD. Thus, with the accumulation of genetic defects in mitochondria at the level of energy transfer, the issue of neuronal susceptibility to damage as a function of age and age-related disease becomes important. In an aging rat neuron model, mitochondria are both chronically depolarized and produce more reactive oxygen species with age. These concepts suggest that multiple treatment targets may be needed to reverse this multifactorial disease. This review summarizes new insights based on the interaction of mitoenergetic failure, glutamate excitotoxicity, and amyloid toxicity in the exacerbation of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mordhwaj S Parihar
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62794-9626, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Normal ageing is associated with a degree of decline in a number of cognitive functions. Apart from the issues raised by the current attempts to expand the lifespan, understanding the mechanisms and the detailed metabolic interactions involved in the process of normal neuronal ageing continues to be a challenge. One model, supported by a significant amount of experimental evidence, views the cellular ageing as a metabolic state characterized by an altered function of the metabolic triad: mitochondria-reactive oxygen species (ROS)-intracellular Ca2+. The perturbation in the relationship between the members of this metabolic triad generate a state of decreased homeostatic reserve, in which the aged neurons could maintain adequate function during normal activity, as demonstrated by the fact that normal ageing is not associated with widespread neuronal loss, but become increasingly vulnerable to the effects of excessive metabolic loads, usually associated with trauma, ischaemia or neurodegenerative processes. This review will concentrate on some of the evidence showing altered mitochondrial function with ageing and also discuss some of the functional consequences that would result from such events, such as alterations in mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, ATP production and generation of ROS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emil C Toescu
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham Department of Physiology Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bevilacqua L, Ramsey JJ, Hagopian K, Weindruch R, Harper ME. Long-term caloric restriction increases UCP3 content but decreases proton leak and reactive oxygen species production in rat skeletal muscle mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 289:E429-38. [PMID: 15886224 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00435.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases life span and delays the onset of a variety of diseases in a wide range of animal species. However, the mechanisms responsible for the retardation of aging with CR are poorly understood. We proposed that CR may act, in part, by inducing a hypometabolic state characterized by decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial proton leak. Here, we examine the effects of long-term CR on whole animal energetics as well as muscle mitochondrial energetics, ROS production, and ROS damage. CR was initiated in male FBNF1 rats at 6 mo of age and continued for 12 or 18 mo. Mean whole body VO2 was 34.6 (P < 0.01) and 35.6% (P < 0.001) lower in CR rats than in controls after 12 and 18 mo of CR, respectively. Body mass-adjusted VO2 was 11.1 and 29.5% lower (both P < 0.05) in CR rats than in controls after 12 and 18 mo of CR. Muscle mitochondrial leak-dependent (State 4) respiration was decreased after 12 mo compared with controls; however, after 18 mo of CR, there were slight but not statistically significant differences. Proton leak kinetics were affected by 12 mo of CR such that leak-dependent respiration was lower in CR mitochondria only at protonmotive force values exceeding 170 mV. Mitochondrial H2O2 production and oxidative damage were decreased by CR at both time points and increased with age. Muscle UCP3 protein content increased with long-term CR, consistent with a role in protection from ROS but inconsistent with the observed decrease or no change in proton leak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bevilacqua
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1H 8M5
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hagopian K, Harper ME, Ram JJ, Humble SJ, Weindruch R, Ramsey JJ. Long-term calorie restriction reduces proton leak and hydrogen peroxide production in liver mitochondria. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2005; 288:E674-84. [PMID: 15562252 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00382.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) without malnutrition increases maximal life span in diverse species. It has been proposed that reduction in energy expenditure and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production could be a mechanism for life span extension with CR. As a step toward testing this theory, mitochondrial proton leak, H2O2 production, and markers of oxidative stress were measured in liver from FBNF1 rats fed control or 40% CR diets for 12 or 18 mo. CR was initiated at 6 mo of age. Proton leak kinetics curves, generated from simultaneous measures of oxygen consumption and membrane potential, indicated a decrease in proton leak after 18 mo of CR, while only a trend toward a proton leak decrease was observed after 12 mo. Significant shifts in phosphorylation and substrate oxidation curves also occurred with CR; however, these changes occurred in concert with the proton leak changes. Metabolic control analysis indicated no difference in the overall pattern of control of the oxidative phosphorylation system between control and CR animals. At 12 mo, no significant differences were observed between groups for H2O2 production or markers of oxidative stress. However, at 18 mo, protein carbonyl content was lower in CR animals, as was H2O2 production when mitochondria were respiring on either succinate alone or pyruvate plus malate in the presence of rotenone. These results indicate that long-term CR lowers mitochondrial proton leak and H2O2 production, and this is consistent with the idea that CR may act by decreasing energy expenditure and ROS production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevork Hagopian
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hepple RT, Hagen JL, Krause DJ, Baker DJ. Skeletal muscle aging in F344BN F1-hybrid rats: II. Improved contractile economy in senescence helps compensate for reduced ATP-generating capacity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2005; 59:1111-9. [PMID: 15602056 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.11.1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a pump-perfused rat hind-limb preparation to compare young adult (YA: 8-9- month-old), late middle-aged (LMA: 28-29-month-old), and senescent (SEN: 36-month-old) rats at similar rates of convective O(2) delivery during a 4-minute contraction bout. We hypothesized that not only would VO(2) and lactate production be reduced, but also that contractile economy would be altered with aging. Peak tension was lower in LMA (42%) and SEN (71%) versus YA. VO(2) and lactate efflux was progressively lower with increasing age. Estimated adenosine triphosphate per N of force was increased in LMA (35%) and reduced in SEN (31%) versus YA. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) analysis by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a lower MHC type IIb and higher MHC type IIa/IIx in SEN versus YA. Therefore, whereas contractile economy is impaired in LMA, it is improved in SEN, and this latter effect may be due in part to reduced type IIb MHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Russell T Hepple
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 1N4.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Walker DW, Benzer S. Mitochondrial "swirls" induced by oxygen stress and in the Drosophila mutant hyperswirl. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:10290-5. [PMID: 15229323 PMCID: PMC478565 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0403767101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species have been implicated in the aging process as well as a wide range of hereditary and age-related diseases. Identifying primary events that result from acute oxidative stress may provide targets for therapeutic interventions that preclude aging. By using electron microscopy, we have discovered a striking initial pattern of degeneration of the mitochondria in Drosophila flight muscle under hyperoxia (100% O2). Within individual mitochondria, the cristae become locally rearranged in a pattern that we have termed a "swirl." Serial sections through individual mitochondria reveal the reorganization of the cristae in three dimensions. The cristae involved in a swirl are deficient in respiratory enzyme cytochrome c oxidase activity, within an otherwise cytochrome c oxidase-positive mitochondrion. In addition, under hyperoxia cytochrome c undergoes a conformational change, manifested by display of an otherwise hidden epitope. The conformational change is correlated with widespread apoptotic cell death in the flight muscle, as revealed by in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling. In normal flies, mitochondrial swirls accumulate slowly with age. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in oxygen toxicity, we conducted a genetic screen for mutants that display altered survival under hyperoxia, and we identified both sensitive and resistant mutants. We describe a mutant, hyperswirl, which displays an overabundance of swirls with associated respiratory and flight defects and a greatly reduced lifespan. Such mutants can identify genes that are needed to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis throughout the lifespan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Walker
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bevilacqua L, Ramsey JJ, Hagopian K, Weindruch R, Harper ME. Effects of short- and medium-term calorie restriction on muscle mitochondrial proton leak and reactive oxygen species production. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 286:E852-61. [PMID: 14736705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00367.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reductions in cellular oxygen consumption (Vo2) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production have been proposed as mechanisms underlying the anti-aging effects of calorie restriction (CR). Mitochondria are a cell's greatest "sink" for oxygen and also its primary source of ROS. The mitochondrial proton leak pathway is responsible for 20-30% of Vo2 in resting cells. We hypothesized that CR leads to decreased proton leak with consequential decreases in Vo2, ROS production, and cellular damage. Here, we report the effects of short-term (2-wk, 2-mo) and medium-term (6-mo) CR (40%) on rat muscle mitochondrial proton leak, ROS production, and whole animal Vo2. Whole body Vo2 decreased with CR at all time points, whereas mass-adjusted Vo2 was normal until the 6-mo time point, when it was 40% lower in CR compared with control rats. At all time points, maximal leak-dependent Vo2 was lower in CR rats compared with controls. Proton leak kinetics indicated that mechanisms of adaptation to CR were different between short- and medium-term treatments, with the former leading to decreases in protonmotive force (Deltap) and state 4 Vo2 and the latter to increases in Deltap and decreases in state 4 Vo2. Results from metabolic control analyses of oxidative phosphorylation are consistent with the idea that short- and medium-term responses are distinct. Mitochondrial H2O2 production was lower in all three CR groups compared with controls. Overall, this study details the rapid effects of short- and medium-term CR on proton leak, ROS production, and metabolic control of oxidative phosphorylation. Results indicate that a reduction in mitochondrial Vo2 and ROS production may be a mechanism for the actions of CR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bevilacqua
- Dept. of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Univ. of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1H 8M5
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Julian D, Leeuwenburgh C. Linkage between insulin and the free radical theory of aging. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286:R20-1. [PMID: 14660473 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00522.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
34
|
Marcinek DJ, Schenkman KA, Ciesielski WA, Conley KE. Mitochondrial coupling in vivo in mouse skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2004; 286:C457-63. [PMID: 14522819 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00237.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of mitochondrial ATP synthesis and oxygen consumption (ratio of ATP and oxygen fluxes, P/O) plays a central role in cellular bioenergetics. Reduced P/O values are associated with mitochondrial pathologies that can lead to reduced capacity for ATP synthesis and tissue degeneration. Previous work found a wide range of values for P/O in normal mitochondria. To measure mitochondrial coupling under physiological conditions, we have developed a procedure for determining the P/O of skeletal muscle in vivo. This technique measures ATPase and oxygen consumption rates during ischemia with31P magnetic resonance and optical spectroscopy, respectively. This novel approach allows the independent quantitative measurement of ATPase and oxygen flux rates in intact tissue. The quantitative measurement of oxygen consumption is made possible by our ability to independently measure the saturations of hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb) from optical spectra. Our results indicate that the P/O in skeletal muscle of the mouse hindlimb measured in vivo is 2.16 ± 0.24. The theoretical P/O for resting muscle is 2.33. Systemic treatment with 2,4-dinitrophenol to partially uncouple mitochondria does not affect the ATPase rate in the mouse hindlimb but nearly doubles the rate of oxygen consumption, reducing in vivo P/O to 1.37 ± 0.22. These results indicate that only a small fraction of the oxygen consumption in resting mouse skeletal muscle is nonphosphorylating under physiological conditions, suggesting that mitochondria are more tightly coupled than previously thought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lambert AJ, Merry BJ. Effect of caloric restriction on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and bioenergetics: reversal by insulin. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004; 286:R71-9. [PMID: 12969875 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00341.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To gain insight into the antiaging mechanisms of caloric restriction (CR), mitochondria from liver tissue of male Brown Norway rats were used to study the effects of CR and insulin on mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and bioenergetics. As assessed by hydrogen peroxide measurement, CR resulted in a decrease in the production rate of reactive oxygen species. This decrease was attributed to a decrease in protonmotive force in mitochondria from the CR animals. The decrease in protonmotive force resulted from an increase in proton leak activity and a concomitant decrease in substrate oxidation activity. Each of these effects of CR was reversed by subjecting CR animals to 2 wk of insulin treatment. To achieve continuous and stable insulin delivery, animals were placed under temporary halothane anesthesia and miniosmotic pumps were implanted subcutaneously. To gain further insight into how CR and insulin exerted its effects on mitochondrial bioenergetics, the effects of CR and insulin were quantified using modular metabolic control analysis. This analysis revealed that the effects of CR were transmitted through different reaction branches of the bioenergetic system, and insulin reversed the effects of CR by acting through the same branches. These results provide a plausible mechanism by which mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production is lowered by CR and a complete description of the effects of CR on mitochondrial bioenergetics. They also indicate that these changes may be due to lowered insulin concentrations and altered insulin signaling in the CR animal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Lambert
- School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, United Kingdom.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ramsey JJ, Hagopian K, Kenny TM, Koomson EK, Bevilacqua L, Weindruch R, Harper ME. Proton leak and hydrogen peroxide production in liver mitochondria from energy-restricted rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 286:E31-40. [PMID: 14662512 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00283.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER), without malnutrition, is the only environmental intervention that consistently increases maximum life span in laboratory rodents. One theory proposes that a reduction in energy expenditure and reactive oxygen species production is the mechanism responsible for this action of ER. To further test this theory, proton leak, H2O2 production, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonyls were measured in mitochondria from FBNF1 rats fed either a control or 40% ER diet (onset at 6 mo of age). Liver mitochondria were isolated at 7 and 12 mo of age. Liver weight decreased 25 and 36% at 1 and 6 mo of ER, respectively (P < 0.05). ER resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in percent total polyunsaturates, n-6 polyunsaturates, and total unsaturates (6 mo only) in mitochondrial lipids. These changes, however, were not associated with significant alterations in mitochondrial function. State 4 respiration and membrane potential were not different (P > 0.05) between groups at either assessment period. Similarly, proton leak kinetics were not different between control and ER animals. Top-down metabolic control analysis and its extension, elasticity analysis, were used at the 6-mo assessment and revealed no difference in control of the oxidative phosphorylation system between control and ER rats. H2O2 production with either succinate or pyruvate/malate substrates was also not different (P > 0.05) between groups at either time point. In conclusion, ER did not alter proton leak or H2O2 production at this age or stage of restriction in liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Husse B, Sopart A, Isenberg G. Cyclical mechanical stretch-induced apoptosis in myocytes from young rats but necrosis in myocytes from old rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2003; 285:H1521-7. [PMID: 12805017 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00890.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical load as stimulus for apoptosis and necrosis could be responsible for the loss of cardiomyocytes. Ventricular myocytes from young (3 mo) and old (14-24 mo) rats underwent cyclical mechanical stretch (CMS; 5% elongation, 1 Hz) for 24 h. Spontaneous apoptosis was in myocytes from young rats 0.33 +/- 0.12% and from old rats 1.05 +/- 0.35% [Tdt-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay]; associated with a decrease of Bcl-2. CMS increased the apoptosis to 0.58 +/- 0.18% in myocytes from young rats. Western blot analysis showed that CMS reduced Bcl-2 and increased p53 (young rats). Bax was not changed by CMS. These were confirmed by cytochrome c release (31 +/- 13%) and by the enrichment of cytosolic nucleosomes (11 +/- 8%). CMS did not influence the apoptosis in myocytes from old rats (TUNEL assay, Bcl-2, Bax, or p53). CMS did not cause necrosis in myocytes from young rats. CMS increased the number of necrotic cells by showing the cell membrane rupture in myocytes from old rats (50 +/- 13% 5-hexadecanoylaminofluorescein-positive and 38 +/- 6% propidium iodide-positive cells) as well as by measuring the lactate dehydrogenase release. The results suggest that CMS-induced apoptosis in myocytes of young rats but necrosis in myocytes from old rats, which could be attributed to more stress sensitivity of cells from old rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Husse
- Department of Physiology, Martin-Luther-University Halle/Wittenberg, 6 Magdeburger St., D-06097 Halle, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Carlisle R, Rhoads CA, Aw TY, Harrison L. Endothelial cells maintain a reduced redox environment even as mitochondrial function declines. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2002; 283:C1675-86. [PMID: 12388090 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00092.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are an endothelial model of replicative senescence. Oxidative stress, possibly due to dysfunctional mitochondria, is believed to play a key role in replicative senescence and atherosclerosis, an age-related vascular disease. In this study, we determined the effect of cell division on genomic instability, mitochondrial function, and redox status in HUVECs that were able to replicate for approximately 60 cumulative population doublings (CPD). After 20 CPD, the nuclear genome deteriorated and the protein content of the cell population increased. This indicated an increase in cell size, which was accompanied by an increase in oxygen consumption, ATP production, and mitochondrial genome copy number and approximately 10% increase in mitochondrial mass. The antioxidant capacity increased, as seen by an increase in reduced glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, GSSG reductase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. However, by CPD 52, the latter two enzymes decreased, as well as the ratio of mitochondrial-to-nuclear genome copies, the mitochondrial mass, and the oxygen consumption per milligram of protein. Our results signify that HUVECs maintain a highly reducing (GSH) environment as they replicate despite genomic instability and loss of mitochondrial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Carlisle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
The cost of living can be measured as an animal's metabolic rate. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is factorially related to other metabolic rates. Analysis of BMR variation suggests that metabolism is a series of linked processes varying in unison. Membrane processes, such as maintenance of ion gradients, are important costs and components of BMR. Membrane bilayers in metabolically active systems are more polyunsaturated and less monounsaturated than metabolically less-active systems. Such polyunsaturated membranes have been proposed to result in an increased molecular activity of membrane proteins, and in this manner the amount of membrane and its composition can act as a pacemaker for metabolism. The potential importance of membrane acyl composition in metabolic depression, hormonal control of metabolism, the evolution of endothermy, as well as its implications for lifespan and human health, are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Hulbert
- Department of Biological Science, University of Wollongong, NSW, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Calorie restriction (CR) in mammals has been recognized as the best characterized and most reproducible strategy for extending maximum survival, retarding physiological aging, and delaying the onset of age-related pathologic conditions in mammals. The overwhelming majority of studies using CR have used short-lived rodent species, although current work using rhesus and squirrel monkeys will determine whether this paradigm is also relevant to manipulating the rate of primate aging. The mechanism by which restricted calorie intake modifies the rate of aging and pathology has been the subject of much controversy, although an attenuation in the lifetime accumulation of oxidative damage appears to be a central feature. Although the majority of studies have focused on the ability of cells from calorie-restricted animals to scavenge free radicals to explain the slower accrual of oxidative damage with age, it is not established that CR has a consistent effect to upregulate the activity of these enzymes in all tissues. A major effect of calorie-restricted feeding now appears to be on the rate of production or leak of free radicals from the mitochondria. The details of the adaptation and the signaling pathway that induces this effect are currently unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B J Merry
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|