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Gan X, Liu H, Chen D, Liu Z, Lu Q, Lai X, Hou H, Zhang M, Zhang JY, Duan Y, Lu S, Chen M, Lash GE, Ning F. Interleukin-1 beta signals through the ERK signalling pathway to modulate human placental trophoblast migration and invasion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Placenta 2024; 151:67-78. [PMID: 38723477 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) can promote cell migration, invasion and metastasis in various cancer cells. The mechanism of its role in human trophoblast has not been fully investigated. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the expression level of IL-1β in first trimester decidua and placenta and its potential role in regulation of extravillous trophoblast cell (EVT) invasion and migration. METHODS First trimester placenta and decidua were collected to study the expression levels of IL-1β and its receptors by immunohistochemical staining. Primary isolates of first trimester EVT or the HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast like cell line were used to assess migration and invasion. Matrix metalloproteinase levels were assessed by gelatin zymography and ELISA. The phosphorylation profile of signaling pathway proteins was detected with the Proteome Profiler Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit. Differentially expressed proteins in cells was detected and verified by Western Blot. RESULTS IL-1β, its receptors and antagonist are expressed in first trimester placenta and decidua, exogenous IL-1β stimulates trophoblast cell outgrowth, migration and invasion through the ERK signaling pathway. IL-1β was significantly increased in the placenta at 6-7 weeks gestation compared with 8-9 weeks gestation (P < 0.0001). Transwell and RTCA assays indicated that IL-1β stimulates the invasion and migration of EVT. In addition, IL-1β promoted the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2. It also promoted the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in EVT as demonstrated by gelatin zymography assay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. DISCUSSION This study demonstrated IL-1β expression in placenta and decidua, and that it regulates EVT invasion and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Gan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Hanbo Liu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Danyang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Zongcai Liu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Qinsheng Lu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Xingqiang Lai
- Organ Transplantation Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Huomei Hou
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Min Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Joy Yue Zhang
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Yaoyun Duan
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Shenjiao Lu
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China
| | - Miaojuan Chen
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China.
| | - Gendie E Lash
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China.
| | - Fen Ning
- Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou, 510623, PR China.
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Arunachalam AR, Samuel SS, Mani A, Maynard JP, Stayer KM, Dybbro E, Narayanan S, Biswas A, Pathan S, Soni K, Kamal AHM, Ambati CSR, Putluri N, Desai MS, Thevananther S. P2Y2 purinergic receptor gene deletion protects mice from bacterial endotoxin and sepsis-associated liver injury and mortality. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G471-G491. [PMID: 37697947 PMCID: PMC10812707 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00090.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
The liver plays a significant role in regulating a wide range of metabolic, homeostatic, and host-defense functions. However, the impact of liver injury on the host's ability to control bacteremia and morbidity in sepsis is not well understood. Leukocyte recruitment and activation lead to cytokine and chemokine release, which, in turn, trigger hepatocellular injury and elevate nucleotide levels in the extracellular milieu. P2Y2 purinergic receptors, G protein-coupled and activated by extracellular ATP/UTP, are expressed at the cell surface of hepatocytes and nonparenchymal cells. We sought to determine whether P2Y2 purinergic receptor function is necessary for the maladaptive host response to bacterial infection and endotoxin-mediated inflammatory liver injury and mortality in mice. We report that P2Y2 purinergic receptor knockout mice (P2Y2-/-) had attenuated inflammation and liver injury, with improved survival in response to LPS/galactosamine (LPS/GalN; inflammatory liver injury) and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP; polymicrobial sepsis). P2Y2-/- livers had attenuated c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation, matrix metallopeptidase-9 expression, and hepatocyte apoptosis in response to LPS/GalN and attenuated inducible nitric oxide synthase and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing 3 protein expression in response to CLP. Implicating liver injury in the disruption of amino acid homeostasis, CLP led to lower serum arginine and higher bacterial load and morbidity in the WT mice, whereas serum arginine levels were comparable to sham-operated controls in P2Y2-/- mice, which had attenuated bacteremia and improved survival. Collectively, our studies highlight the pathophysiological relevance of P2Y2 purinergic receptor function in inflammatory liver injury and dysregulation of systemic amino acid homeostasis with implications for sepsis-associated immune dysfunction and morbidity in mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies provide experimental evidence for P2Y2 purinergic receptor-mediated potentiation of inflammatory liver injury, morbidity, and mortality, in two well-established animal models of inflammatory liver injury. Our findings highlight the potential to target P2Y2 purinergic signaling to attenuate the induction of "cytokine storm" and prevent its deleterious consequences on liver function, systemic amino acid homeostasis, host response to bacterial infection, and sepsis-associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athis R Arunachalam
- Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sanju S Samuel
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Arunmani Mani
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Janielle P Maynard
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kelsey M Stayer
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Eric Dybbro
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Subapradha Narayanan
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Aalekhya Biswas
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Saliha Pathan
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Krishnakant Soni
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Abu Hena Mostafa Kamal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | | | - Nagireddy Putluri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Moreshwar S Desai
- Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Sundararajah Thevananther
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
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Jasmer KJ, Muñoz Forti K, Woods LT, Cha S, Weisman GA. Therapeutic potential for P2Y 2 receptor antagonism. Purinergic Signal 2022:10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3. [PMID: 36219327 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors are the target of more than 30% of all FDA-approved drug therapies. Though the purinergic P2 receptors have been an attractive target for therapeutic intervention with successes such as the P2Y12 receptor antagonist, clopidogrel, P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) antagonism remains relatively unexplored as a therapeutic strategy. Due to a lack of selective antagonists to modify P2Y2R activity, studies using primarily genetic manipulation have revealed roles for P2Y2R in a multitude of diseases. These include inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, fibrotic diseases, renal diseases, cancer, and pathogenic infections. With the advent of AR-C118925, a selective and potent P2Y2R antagonist that became commercially available only a few years ago, new opportunities exist to gain a more robust understanding of P2Y2R function and assess therapeutic effects of P2Y2R antagonism. This review discusses the characteristics of P2Y2R that make it unique among P2 receptors, namely its involvement in five distinct signaling pathways including canonical Gαq protein signaling. We also discuss the effects of other P2Y2R antagonists and the pivotal development of AR-C118925. The remainder of this review concerns the mounting evidence implicating P2Y2Rs in disease pathogenesis, focusing on those studies that have evaluated AR-C118925 in pre-clinical disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly J Jasmer
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Lucas T Woods
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, Center for Orphaned Autoimmune Disorders, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Gary A Weisman
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
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The role of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway in the corneal epithelium: recent updates. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:513. [PMID: 35641491 PMCID: PMC9156734 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04963-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT (also called protein kinase B, PKB) signalling regulates various cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, protein synthesis, glucose metabolism, and telomere activity. Corneal epithelial cells (CECs) are the outermost cells of the cornea; they maintain good optical performance and act as a physical and immune barrier. Various growth factors, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) ligands, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), neurokinin 1 (NK-1), and insulin activate the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway by binding their receptors and promote antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, proliferative, and migratory functions and wound healing in the corneal epithelium (CE). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate apoptosis and inflammation in CECs in a concentration-dependent manner. Extreme environments induce excess ROS accumulation, inhibit PI3K/AKT, and cause apoptosis and inflammation in CECs. However, at low or moderate levels, ROS activate PI3K/AKT signalling, inhibiting apoptosis and stimulating proliferation of healthy CECs. Diabetes-associated hyperglycaemia directly inhibit PI3K/AKT signalling by increasing ROS and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress levels or suppressing the expression of growth factors receptors and cause diabetic keratopathy (DK) in CECs. Similarly, hyperosmolarity and ROS accumulation suppress PI3K/AKT signalling in dry eye disease (DED). However, significant overactivation of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, which mediates inflammation in CECs, is observed in both infectious and noninfectious keratitis. Overall, upon activation by growth factors and NK-1, PI3K/AKT signalling promotes the proliferation, migration, and anti-apoptosis of CECs, and these processes can be regulated by ROS in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is inhibited in CECs from individuals with DK and DED, but is overactivated by keratitis.
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García IC, Villalba JS, Iovino D, Franchi C, Iori V, Pettinato G, Inversini D, Amico F, Ietto G. Liver Trauma: Until When We Have to Delay Surgery? A Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050694. [PMID: 35629360 PMCID: PMC9143295 DOI: 10.3390/life12050694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver involvement after abdominal blunt trauma must be expected, and in up to 30% of cases, spleen, kidney, and pancreas injuries may coexist. Whenever hemodynamics conditions do not contraindicate the overcoming of the ancient dogma according to which exploratory laparotomy should be performed after every major abdominal trauma, a CT scan has to clarify the liver lesions so as to determine the optimal management strategy. Except for complete vascular avulsion, no liver trauma grade precludes nonoperative management. Every attempt to treat the injured liver by avoiding a strong surgical approach may be considered. Each time, a nonoperative management (NOM) consisting of a basic “wait and see” attitude combined with systemic support and blood replacement are inadequate. Embolization should be considered to stop the bleeding. Percutaneous drainage of collections, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with papilla sphincterotomy or stent placement and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) may avoid, or at least delay, surgical reconstruction or resection until systemic and hepatic inflammatory remodeling are resolved. The pathophysiological principle sustaining these leanings is based on the opportunity to limit the further release of cell debris fragments acting as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and the following stress response associated with the consequent immune suppression after trauma. The main goal will be a faster recovery combined with limited cell death of the liver through the ischemic events that may directly follow the trauma, exacerbated by hemostatic procedures and surgery, in order to reduce the gross distortion of a regenerated liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Cañas García
- General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio of Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio Santoyo Villalba
- General and Digestive Surgery, Hospital Virgen de Las Nieves of Granada, 18002 Granada, Spain;
| | - Domenico Iovino
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Caterina Franchi
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Valentina Iori
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Giuseppe Pettinato
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Davide Inversini
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
| | - Francesco Amico
- Trauma Service, Department of Surgery, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2308, Australia;
| | - Giuseppe Ietto
- General, Emergency and Transplant Surgery Department, ASST-Settelaghi and University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (D.I.); (C.F.); (V.I.); (D.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-339-8758024
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Liu ZN, Su QQ, Wang YH, Wu X, Lv XW. Blockade of the P2Y2 Receptor Attenuates Alcoholic Liver Inflammation by Targeting the EGFR-ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:1107-1120. [PMID: 35444406 PMCID: PMC9013714 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s346376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ni Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Qian Su
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hui Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiong-Wen Lv, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Mei Shan Road, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230032, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Receptor-specific Ca 2+ oscillation patterns mediated by differential regulation of P2Y purinergic receptors in rat hepatocytes. iScience 2021; 24:103139. [PMID: 34646983 PMCID: PMC8496176 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular agonists linked to inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) formation elicit cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations in many cell types, but despite a common signaling pathway, distinct agonist-specific Ca2+ spike patterns are observed. Using qPCR, we show that rat hepatocytes express multiple purinergic P2Y and P2X receptors (R). ADP acting through P2Y1R elicits narrow Ca2+ oscillations, whereas UTP acting through P2Y2R elicits broad Ca2+ oscillations, with composite patterns observed for ATP. P2XRs do not play a role at physiological agonist levels. The discrete Ca2+ signatures reflect differential effects of protein kinase C (PKC), which selectively modifies the falling phase of the Ca2+ spikes. Negative feedback by PKC limits the duration of P2Y1R-induced Ca2+ spikes in a manner that requires extracellular Ca2+. By contrast, P2Y2R is resistant to PKC negative feedback. Thus, the PKC leg of the bifurcated IP3 signaling pathway shapes unique Ca2+ oscillation patterns that allows for distinct cellular responses to different agonists. Distinct stereotypic Ca2+ oscillations are elicited by P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors P2X receptors do not contribute to the generation of Ca2+ oscillations Agonist-specific Ca2+ spike shapes reflect discrete modes of PKC negative feedback Bifurcation of IP3/PKC signaling yields unique Ca2+ oscillation signatures
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Shihan M, Novoyatleva T, Lehmeyer T, Sydykov A, Schermuly RT. Role of the Purinergic P2Y2 Receptor in Pulmonary Hypertension. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111009. [PMID: 34769531 PMCID: PMC8582672 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), group 1 pulmonary hypertension (PH), is a fatal disease that is characterized by vasoconstriction, increased pressure in the pulmonary arteries, and right heart failure. PAH can be described by abnormal vascular remodeling, hyperproliferation in the vasculature, endothelial cell dysfunction, and vascular tone dysregulation. The disease pathomechanisms, however, are as yet not fully understood at the molecular level. Purinergic receptors P2Y within the G-protein-coupled receptor family play a major role in fluid shear stress transduction, proliferation, migration, and vascular tone regulation in systemic circulation, but less is known about their contribution in PAH. Hence, studies that focus on purinergic signaling are of great importance for the identification of new therapeutic targets in PAH. Interestingly, the role of P2Y2 receptors has not yet been sufficiently studied in PAH, whereas the relevance of other P2Ys as drug targets for PAH was shown using specific agonists or antagonists. In this review, we will shed light on P2Y receptors and focus more on the P2Y2 receptor as a potential novel player in PAH and as a new therapeutic target for disease management.
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Dusabimana T, Park EJ, Je J, Jeong K, Yun SP, Kim HJ, Kim H, Park SW. P2Y2R Deficiency Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis by Reducing Lipogenesis and Enhancing Fatty Acid β-Oxidation through AMPK and PGC-1α Induction in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115528. [PMID: 34073834 PMCID: PMC8197197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic metabolic liver disease associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Activation of the purinergic receptor P2Y2R has been reported to promote adipogenesis, inflammation and dyslipidemia in adipose tissues in obese mice. However, the role of P2Y2R and its mechanisms in NAFLD remain unknown. We hypothesized that P2Y2R deficiency may play a protective role in NAFLD by modulating lipid metabolism in the liver. In this study, we fed wild type and P2Y2R knockout mice with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and analyzed metabolic phenotypes. First, P2Y2R deficiency effectively improved insulin resistance with a reduction in body weight and plasma insulin. Second, P2Y2R deficiency attenuated hepatic lipid accumulation and injury with reduced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels. Third, P2Y2R deficiency decreased the expression of fatty acid synthesis mediators (cluster of differentiation (CD36), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1)); and increased the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), a lipolytic enzyme. Mechanistically, P2Y2R deficiency increased the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity to improve mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) by regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A)-mediated FAO pathway. In addition, P2Y2R deficiency increased peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis. Conclusively, P2Y2R deficiency ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis by enhancing FAO through AMPK signaling and PGC-1α pathway, suggesting P2Y2R as a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodomir Dusabimana
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Jihyun Je
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Kyuho Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
| | - Seung Pil Yun
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hye Jung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hwajin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
| | - Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea; (T.D.); (E.J.P.); (J.J.); (K.J.); (S.P.Y.); (H.J.K.)
- Department of Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Graduate School, Jinju 52727, Korea
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (S.W.P.); Tel.: +82-55-772-8070 (H.K.); +82-55-772-8073 (S.W.P.)
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10
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Barella LF, Jain S, Kimura T, Pydi SP. Metabolic roles of G protein-coupled receptor signaling in obesity and type 2 diabetes. FEBS J 2021; 288:2622-2644. [PMID: 33682344 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasing steadily worldwide. It is estimated that by 2045 more than 800 million people will be suffering from diabetes. Despite the advancements in modern medicine, more effective therapies for treating obesity and T2D are needed. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have emerged as important drug targets for various chronic diseases, including obesity, T2D, and liver diseases. During the past two decades, many laboratories worldwide focused on understanding the role of GPCR signaling in regulating glucose metabolism and energy homeostasis. The information gained from these studies can guide the development of novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we summarize recent studies providing insights into the role of GPCR signaling in peripheral, metabolically important tissues such as pancreas, liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue, focusing primarily on the use of mutant animal models and human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz F Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shanu Jain
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takefumi Kimura
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sai P Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, India
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11
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Kimura T, Pydi SP, Pham J, Tanaka N. Metabolic Functions of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Hepatocytes-Potential Applications for Diabetes and NAFLD. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101445. [PMID: 33076386 PMCID: PMC7602561 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are cell surface receptors that mediate the function of extracellular ligands. Understanding how GPCRs work at the molecular level has important therapeutic implications, as 30–40% of the drugs currently in clinical use mediate therapeutic effects by acting on GPCRs. Like many other cell types, liver function is regulated by GPCRs. More than 50 different GPCRs are predicted to be expressed in the mouse liver. However, knowledge of how GPCRs regulate liver metabolism is limited. A better understanding of the metabolic role of GPCRs in hepatocytes, the dominant constituent cells of the liver, could lead to the development of novel drugs that are clinically useful for the treatment of various metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). In this review, we describe the functions of multiple GPCRs expressed in hepatocytes and their role in metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takefumi Kimura
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-301-594-6980
| | - Sai P. Pydi
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Jonathan Pham
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA; (S.P.P.); (J.P.)
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
- Research Center for Social Systems, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan
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12
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Gu XW, Chen ZC, Yang ZS, Yang Y, Yan YP, Liu YF, Pan JM, Su RW, Yang ZM. Blastocyst-induced ATP release from luminal epithelial cells initiates decidualization through the P2Y2 receptor in mice. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/646/eaba3396. [PMID: 32843542 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aba3396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Embryo implantation involves a sterile inflammatory reaction that is required for the invasion of the blastocyst into the decidua. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) released from stressed or injured cells acts as an important signaling molecule to regulate many key physiological events, including sterile inflammation. We found that the amount of ATP in the uterine luminal fluid of mice increased during the peri-implantation period, and this depended on the presence of an embryo. We further showed that the release of ATP from receptive epithelial cells was likely stimulated by lactate released from the blastocyst through connexin hemichannels. The ATP receptor P2y2 was present on uterine epithelial cells during the preimplantation period and increased in the stromal cells during the time at which decidualization began. Pharmacological inhibition of P2y2 compromised decidualization and implantation. ATP-P2y2 signaling stimulated the phosphorylation of Stat3 in uterine luminal epithelial cells and the expression of early growth response 1 (Egr1) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2, also known as Cox-2), all of which are required for decidualization and/or implantation, in stromal cells. Short exposure to high concentrations of ATP promoted decidualization of primary stromal cells, but longer exposures or lower ATP concentrations did not. The expression of genes encoding ATP-degrading ectonucleotidases increased in the decidua during the peri-implantation period, suggesting that they may limit the duration of the ATP signal. Together, our results indicate that the blastocyst-induced release of ATP from uterine epithelial cells during the peri-implantation period may be important for the initiation of stromal cell decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wei Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi-Cong Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen-Shan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ya-Ping Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yue-Fang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ji-Min Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ren-Wei Su
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zeng-Ming Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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13
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Wang P, Jia J, Zhang D. Purinergic signalling in liver diseases: Pathological functions and therapeutic opportunities. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100165. [PMID: 33103092 PMCID: PMC7575885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular nucleotides, including ATP, are essential regulators of liver function and serve as danger signals that trigger inflammation upon injury. Ectonucleotidases, which are expressed by liver-resident cells and recruited immune cells sequentially hydrolyse nucleotides to adenosine. The nucleotide/nucleoside balance orchestrates liver homeostasis, tissue repair, and functional restoration by regulating the crosstalk between liver-resident cells and recruited immune cells. In this review, we discuss our current knowledge on the role of purinergic signals in liver homeostasis, restriction of inflammation, stimulation of liver regeneration, modulation of fibrogenesis, and regulation of carcinogenesis. Moreover, we discuss potential targeted therapeutic strategies for liver diseases based on purinergic signals involving blockade of nucleotide receptors, enhancement of ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase activity, and activation of adenosine receptors.
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Key Words
- A1, adenosine receptor A1
- A2A, adenosine receptor A2A
- A2B, adenosine receptor A2B
- A3, adenosine receptor A3
- AIH, autoimmune hepatitis
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- APAP, acetaminophen
- APCP, α,β-methylene ADP
- Adenosine receptors
- BDL, bile duct ligation
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- CD73, ecto-5ʹ-nucleotidase
- ConA, concanavalin A
- DCs, dendritic cells
- DMN, dimethylnitrosamine
- Ecto-5ʹ-nucleotidase
- Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases 1
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- HFD, high-fat diet
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HSCs, hepatic stellate cells
- IFN, interferon
- IL-, interleukin-
- IPC, ischaemic preconditioning
- IR, ischaemia-reperfusion
- Liver
- MAPK, mitogen-activating protein kinase
- MCDD, methionine- and choline-deficient diet
- MHC, major histocompatibility complex
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NK, natural killer
- NKT, natural killer T
- NTPDases, ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases
- Nucleotide receptors
- P1, purinergic type 1
- P2, purinergic type 2
- PBC, primary biliary cholangitis
- PH, partial hepatectomy
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PPADS, pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulphonate
- Purinergic signals
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- TAA, thioacetamide
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- Tregs, regulatory T cells
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Liver Cirrhosis & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- Experimental and Translational Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tolerance Induction and Organ Protection in Transplantation & National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Beijing 100050, China
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14
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Lemos FDO, França A, Lima Filho ACM, Florentino RM, Santos ML, Missiaggia DG, Rodrigues GOL, Dias FF, Souza Passos IB, Teixeira MM, Andrade AMDF, Lima CX, Vidigal PVT, Costa VV, Fonseca MC, Nathanson MH, Leite MF. Molecular Mechanism for Protection Against Liver Failure in Human Yellow Fever Infection. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:657-669. [PMID: 32363317 PMCID: PMC7193135 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yellow fever (YF) is a viral hemorrhagic fever that typically involves the liver. Brazil recently experienced its largest recorded YF outbreak, and the disease was fatal in more than a third of affected individuals, mostly because of acute liver failure. Affected individuals are generally treated only supportively, but during the recent Brazilian outbreak, selected patients were treated with liver transplant. We took advantage of this clinical experience to better characterize the clinical and pathological features of YF-induced liver failure and to examine the mechanism of hepatocellular injury in YF, to identify targets that would be amenable to therapeutic intervention in preventing progression to liver failure and death. Patients with YF liver failure rapidly developed massive transaminase elevations, with jaundice, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, and usually hepatic encephalopathy, along with pathological findings that included microvesicular steatosis and lytic necrosis. Hepatocytes began to express the type 3 isoform of the inositol trisphosphate receptor (ITPR3), an intracellular calcium (Ca2+) channel that is not normally expressed in hepatocytes. Experiments in an animal model, isolated hepatocytes, and liver-derived cell lines showed that this new expression of ITPR3 was associated with increased nuclear Ca2+ signaling and hepatocyte proliferation, and reduced steatosis and cell death induced by the YF virus. Conclusion: Yellow fever often induces liver failure characterized by massive hepatocellular damage plus steatosis. New expression of ITPR3 also occurs in YF-infected hepatocytes, which may represent an endogenous protective mechanism that could suggest approaches to treat affected individuals before they progress to liver failure, thereby decreasing the mortality of this disease in a way that does not rely on the costly and limited resource of liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa França
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Rodrigo M. Florentino
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Marcone Loiola Santos
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Dabny G. Missiaggia
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Felipe Ferraz Dias
- Center of MicroscopyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and ImmunologyUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | - Cristiano Xavier Lima
- Hepatic Transplant ServiceHospital Felício RochoBelo HorizonteBrazil
- SurgeryUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | | | | | - Matheus Castro Fonseca
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio)Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and MaterialsRua Giuseppe Máximo ScolfaroCampinasBrazil
| | - Michael H. Nathanson
- Section of Digestive DiseasesDepartment of Internal MedicineYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT
| | - M. Fatima Leite
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
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15
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Velázquez-Miranda E, Molina-Aguilar C, González-Gallardo A, Vázquez-Martínez O, Díaz-Muñoz M, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Increased Purinergic Responses Dependent on P2Y2 Receptors in Hepatocytes from CCl 4-Treated Fibrotic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072305. [PMID: 32225112 PMCID: PMC7177255 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory and wound healing responses take place during liver damage, primarily in the parenchymal tissue. It is known that cellular injury elicits an activation of the purinergic signaling, mainly by the P2X7 receptor; however, the role of P2Y receptors in the onset of liver pathology such as fibrosis has not been explored. Hence, we used mice treated with the hepatotoxin CCl4 to implement a reversible model of liver fibrosis to evaluate the expression and function of the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R). Fibrotic livers showed an enhanced expression of P2Y2R that eliminated its zonal distribution. Hepatocytes from CCl4-treated mice showed an exacerbated ERK-phosphorylated response to the P2Y2R-specific agonist, UTP. Cell proliferation was also enhanced in the fibrotic livers. Hepatic transcriptional analysis by microarrays, upon CCl4 administration, showed that P2Y2 activation regulated diverse pathways, revealing complex action mechanisms. In conclusion, our data indicate that P2Y2R activation is involved in the onset of the fibrotic damage associated with the reversible phase of the hepatic damage promoted by CCl4.
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16
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Khalafalla MG, Woods LT, Jasmer KJ, Forti KM, Camden JM, Jensen JL, Limesand KH, Galtung HK, Weisman GA. P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:222. [PMID: 32231563 PMCID: PMC7082426 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although often overlooked in our daily lives, saliva performs a host of necessary physiological functions, including lubricating and protecting the oral cavity, facilitating taste sensation and digestion and maintaining tooth enamel. Therefore, salivary gland dysfunction and hyposalivation, often resulting from pathogenesis of the autoimmune disease Sjögren's syndrome or from radiotherapy of the head and neck region during cancer treatment, severely reduce the quality of life of afflicted patients and can lead to dental caries, periodontitis, digestive disorders, loss of taste and difficulty speaking. Since their initial discovery in the 1970s, P2 purinergic receptors for extracellular nucleotides, including ATP-gated ion channel P2X and G protein-coupled P2Y receptors, have been shown to mediate physiological processes in numerous tissues, including the salivary glands where P2 receptors represent a link between canonical and non-canonical saliva secretion. Additionally, extracellular nucleotides released during periods of cellular stress and inflammation act as a tissue alarmin to coordinate immunological and tissue repair responses through P2 receptor activation. Accordingly, P2 receptors have gained widespread clinical interest with agonists and antagonists either currently undergoing clinical trials or already approved for human use. Here, we review the contributions of P2 receptors to salivary gland function and describe their role in salivary gland dysfunction. We further consider their potential as therapeutic targets to promote physiological saliva flow, prevent salivary gland inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud G. Khalafalla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Lucas T. Woods
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kimberly J. Jasmer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Kevin Muñoz Forti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Jean M. Camden
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Janicke L. Jensen
- Institute of Clinical Dentistry, Section of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirsten H. Limesand
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hilde K. Galtung
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gary A. Weisman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
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17
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Schulien I, Hockenjos B, van Marck V, Ayata CK, Follo M, Thimme R, Hasselblatt P. Extracellular ATP and Purinergic P2Y 2 Receptor Signaling Promote Liver Tumorigenesis in Mice by Exacerbating DNA Damage. Cancer Res 2019; 80:699-708. [PMID: 31822494 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Release of ATP to the extracellular compartment and subsequent activation of purinergic receptors is a conserved mechanism mediating inflammatory responses and cell fate decisions in various organs including the liver. Previous findings suggest that extracellular ATP may promote liver tumorigenesis, however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, our aim was to dissect the functions of extracellular ATP and P2Y2 receptors (P2Y2R) during hepatocarcinogenesis. Liver tumors were induced in wild-type and P2y2r -/- knockout mice by intraperitoneal diethylnitrosamine (DEN) injection. Tumorigenesis was analyzed after 8 to 10 months and molecular analyses were performed at different stages of tumorigenesis in vivo, as well as in primary mouse hepatocytes in vitro. Liver tumor incidence and tumor numbers were strongly reduced in P2y2r -/- mice, whereas tumor size and morphology were comparable to wild-type controls, suggesting that P2Y2R contributes to tumor initiation. Mechanistically, hepatocyte proliferation in DEN-treated P2y2r -/- mice was reduced, which correlated with reduced c-JUN and CCND1 but increased p21 expression. Moreover, DNA damage as determined by hepatocellular expression of γH2A.X and of genes related to genotoxic stress, as well as STAT3 phosphorylation, was reduced in the absence of P2y2r. Administration of genotoxic agents to primary hepatocytes in vitro confirmed that DNA damage was indeed exacerbated by extracellular ATP, subsequent P2Y2R activation, and downstream intracellular calcium-dependent signal transduction. In conclusion, our data reveal that extracellular ATP and subsequent P2Y2R function stimulate DNA damage responses and hepatocyte proliferation, thereby promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. Targeting this pathway may be an attractive approach for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular ATP and subsequent P2Y2 receptor function stimulate DNA damage responses and hepatocyte proliferation, thereby promoting hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Targeting this pathway may be an attractive approach for chemoprevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/canres/80/4/699/F1.large.jpg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Schulien
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Hockenjos
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Veerle van Marck
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Korcan Ayata
- Department of Medicine V, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marie Follo
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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18
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Velázquez-Miranda E, Díaz-Muñoz M, Vázquez-Cuevas FG. Purinergic signaling in hepatic disease. Purinergic Signal 2019; 15:477-489. [PMID: 31576486 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-019-09680-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular purines (ATP and adenosine) are ubiquitous intercellular messengers. During tissular damage, they function as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this context, purines announce tissue alterations to initiate a reparative response that involve the formation of the inflammasome complex and the recruitment of specialized cells of the immune system. The present review focuses on the role of the purinergic system in liver damage, mainly during the onset and development of fibrosis. After hepatocellular injury, extracellular ATP promotes a signaling cascade that ameliorates tissue alterations to restore the hepatic function. However, if cellular damage becomes chronic, ATP orchestrates an aberrant reparative process that results in severe liver diseases such as fibrosis and cirrhosis. ATP and adenosine, their receptors, and extracellular ectonucleotidases are mediators of unique processes that will be reviewed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Velázquez-Miranda
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - M Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - F G Vázquez-Cuevas
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, C.P. 76230, Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
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19
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Ferreira NCDS, Soares-Bezerra RJ, da Silveira RFC, da Silva CM, de Oliveira CS, Calheiros AS, Alves TM, Zani CL, Alves LA. New Insights in Purinergic Therapy: Novel Antagonists for Uridine 5'-Triphosphate-Activated P2Y Receptors from Brazilian Flora. J Med Food 2018; 22:211-224. [PMID: 30526214 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2018.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors are physiologically activated by uridine 5'-triphosphate (UTP) and are widely expressed in many cell types in humans. P2Y2 plays an important role in inflammation and proliferation of tumor cells, which could be attenuated with the use of antagonists. However, little is known about the physiological functions related to P2Y4, due to the lack of selective ligands for these receptors. This can be solved through the search for novel compounds with antagonistic activity. The aim of this study was to discover new potential antagonist candidates for P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors from natural products. We applied a calcium measurement methodology to identify new antagonist candidates for these receptors. First, we established optimal conditions for the calcium assay using J774.G8, a murine macrophage cell line, which expresses functional P2Y2 and P2Y4 receptors and then, we performed the screening of plant extracts at a cutoff concentration of 50 μg/mL. ATP and ionomycin, known intracellular calcium inductors, were used to stimulate cells. The calculated EC50 were 11 μM and 103 nM, respectively. These cells also responded to the UTP stimulation with an EC50 of 1.021 μM. Screening assays were performed and a total of 100 extracts from Brazilian plants were tested. Joannesia princeps Vell. (stem) and Peixotoa A. Juss (flower and leaf) extracts stood out due to their ability to inhibit UTP-induced responses without causing cytotoxicity, and presented an IC50 of 32.32, 14.99, and 12.98 μg/mL, respectively. Collectively, our results point to the discovery of potential antagonist candidates from Brazilian flora for UTP-activated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rômulo José Soares-Bezerra
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Clayton Menezes da Silva
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Santos de Oliveira
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea Surrage Calheiros
- 2 Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tânia Maria Alves
- 3 Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, René Rachou Research Center , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carlos Leomar Zani
- 3 Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural Products, René Rachou Research Center , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz Anastacio Alves
- 1 Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Oswaldo Cruz Institute , Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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The P2X4 purinergic receptor regulates hepatic myofibroblast activation during liver fibrogenesis. J Hepatol 2018; 69:644-653. [PMID: 29802948 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Liver fibrosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by hepatic myofibroblasts (hMF), the activation of which is critical to the fibrogenic process. Extracellular ATP, released by dying or stressed cells, and its purinergic receptors, constitute a powerful signaling network after injury. Although the purinergic receptor P2X4 (P2RX4) is highly expressed in the liver, its functions in hMF had never been investigated during liver fibrogenesis. METHODS In vivo, bile duct ligation was performed and methionine- and choline-deficient diet administered in wild-type and P2x4 knock-out (P2x4-KO) mice. In vitro, hMF were isolated from mouse (wild-type and P2x4-KO) and human liver. P2X4 pharmacological inhibition (in vitro and in vivo) and P2X4 siRNAs (in vitro) were used. Histological, biochemical and cell culture analysis allowed us to study P2X4 expression and its involvement in the regulation of fibrogenic and fibrolytic factors, as well as of hMF activation markers and properties. RESULTS P2X4 genetic invalidation or pharmacological inhibition protected mice from liver fibrosis and hMF accumulation after bile duct ligation or methionine- and choline-deficient diet. Human and mouse hMFs expressed P2X4, mainly in lysosomes. Invalidation of P2X4 in human and mouse hMFs blunted their activation marker expression and their fibrogenic properties. Finally, we showed that P2X4 regulates calcium entry and lysosomal exocytosis in hMF, impacting on ATP release, profibrogenic secretory profile, and transcription factor activation. CONCLUSION P2X4 expression and activation is critical for hMF to sustain their activated and fibrogenic phenotype. Therefore, the inactivation of P2X4 may be of therapeutic interest during liver fibrotic diseases. LAY SUMMARY During chronic injury, the liver often repairs with fibrotic tissue, which impairs liver function, and for which there is currently no treatment. We found that a previously unexplored pathway involving the purinergic receptor P2X4, can modulate fibrotic liver repair. Therefore, this receptor could be of interest in the development of novel therapies for fibrotic liver diseases.
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Strassheim D, Karoor V, Stenmark K, Verin A, Gerasimovskaya E. A current view of G protein-coupled receptor - mediated signaling in pulmonary hypertension: finding opportunities for therapeutic intervention. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 2. [PMID: 31380505 PMCID: PMC6677404 DOI: 10.20517/2574-1209.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Pathological vascular remodeling is observed in various cardiovascular diseases including pulmonary hypertension (PH), a disease of unknown etiology that has been characterized by pulmonary artery vasoconstriction, right ventricular hypertrophy, vascular inflammation, and abnormal angiogenesis in pulmonary circulation. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family in the genome and widely expressed in cardiovascular system. They regulate all aspects of PH pathophysiology and represent therapeutic targets. We overview GPCRs function in vasoconstriction, vasodilation, vascular inflammation-driven remodeling and describe signaling cross talk between GPCR, inflammatory cytokines, and growth factors. Overall, the goal of this review is to emphasize the importance of GPCRs as critical signal transducers and targets for drug development in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Strassheim
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Departments of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kurt Stenmark
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Research laboratories, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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22
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Long non-coding RNA Gm2199 rescues liver injury and promotes hepatocyte proliferation through the upregulation of ERK1/2. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:602. [PMID: 29789577 PMCID: PMC5964236 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of regulators of various human diseases. This study was designed to explore the potential role of lncRNAs in experimental hepatic damage. In vivo hepatic damage in mice and in vitro hepatocyte damage in AML12 and NCTC1469 cells were induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatments. Expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed by microarray. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted to predict the potential functions of differentially expressed lncRNAs with respect to hepatic damage. Overexpression of lncRNA Gm2199 was achieved by transfection of the pEGFP-N1-Gm2199 plasmid in vitro and adeno-associated virus-Gm2199 in vivo. Cell proliferation and viability was detected by cell counting kit-8 and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine assay. Protein and mRNA expressions of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) were detected by western blot and quantitative real-time reverse-transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). Microarray analysis identified 190 and 148 significantly differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs, respectively. The analyses of lncRNA-mRNA co-expression and lncRNA-biological process networks unraveled potential roles of the differentially expressed lncRNAs including Gm2199 in the pathophysiological processes leading to hepatic damage. Gm2199 was downregulated in both damaged livers and hepatocyte lines. Overexpression of Gm2199 restored the reduced proliferation of damaged hepatocyte lines and increased the expression of ERK1/2. Overexpression of Gm2199 also promoted the proliferation and viability of normal hepatocyte lines and increased the level of p-ERK1/2. Overexpression of Gm2199 in vivo also protected mouse liver injury induced by CCl4, evidenced by more proliferating hepatocytes, less serum alanine aminotransferase, less serum aspartate aminotransferase, and decreased hepatic hydroxyproline. The ability of Gm2199 to maintain hepatic proliferation capacity indicates it as a novel anti-liver damage lncRNA.
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23
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Ricci L, Srivastava M. Wound-induced cell proliferation during animal regeneration. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2018; 7:e321. [PMID: 29719123 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many animal species are capable of replacing missing tissues that are lost upon injury or amputation through the process of regeneration. Although the extent of regeneration is variable across animals, that is, some animals can regenerate any missing cell type whereas some can only regenerate certain organs or tissues, regulated cell proliferation underlies the formation of new tissues in most systems. Notably, many species display an increase in proliferation within hours or days upon wounding. While different cell types proliferate in response to wounding in various animal taxa, comparative molecular data are beginning to point to shared wound-induced mechanisms that regulate cell division during regeneration. Here, we synthesize current insights about early molecular pathways of regeneration from diverse model and emerging systems by considering these species in their evolutionary contexts. Despite the great diversity of mechanisms underlying injury-induced cell proliferation across animals, and sometimes even in the same species, similar pathways for proliferation have been implicated in distantly related species (e.g., small diffusible molecules, signaling from apoptotic cells, growth factor signaling, mTOR and Hippo signaling, and Wnt and Bmp pathways). Studies that explicitly interrogate molecular and cellular regenerative mechanisms in understudied animal phyla will reveal the extent to which early pathways in the process of regeneration are conserved or independently evolved. This article is categorized under: Comparative Development and Evolution > Body Plan Evolution Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Regeneration Comparative Development and Evolution > Model Systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Ricci
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mansi Srivastava
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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24
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Abstract
The liver is an essential organ for nutrient and drug metabolism - possessing the remarkable ability to sense environmental and metabolic stimuli and provide an optimally adaptive response. Early growth response 1 (Egr1), an immediate early transcriptional factor which acts as a coordinator of the complex response to stress, is induced during liver injury and controls the expression of a wide range of genes involved in metabolism, cell proliferation, and role of Egr1 in liver injury and repair, deficiency of Egr1 delays liver regeneration process. The known upstream regulators of Egr1 include, but are not limited to, growth factors (e.g. transforming growth factor β1, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor), nuclear receptors (e.g. hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, small heterodimer partner, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ), and other transcription factors (e.g. Sp1, E2F transcription factor 1). Research efforts using various animal models such as fatty liver, liver injury, and liver fibrosis contribute greatly to the elucidation of Egr1 function in the liver. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide due to the heterogeneity and the late stage at which cancer is generally diagnosed. Recent studies highlight the involvement of Egr1 in HCC development. The purpose of this review is to summarize current studies pertaining to the role of Egr1 in liver metabolism and liver diseases including liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Magee
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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25
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Khalafalla FG, Greene S, Khan H, Ilves K, Monsanto MM, Alvarez R, Chavarria M, Nguyen J, Norman B, Dembitsky WP, Sussman MA. P2Y 2 Nucleotide Receptor Prompts Human Cardiac Progenitor Cell Activation by Modulating Hippo Signaling. Circ Res 2017; 121:1224-1236. [PMID: 28923792 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.310812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Autologous stem cell therapy using human c-Kit+ cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) is a promising therapeutic approach for treatment of heart failure (HF). However, hCPCs derived from aged patients with HF with genetic predispositions and comorbidities of chronic diseases exhibit poor proliferative and migratory capabilities, which impair overall reparative potential for injured myocardium. Therefore, empowering functionally compromised hCPCs with proregenerative molecules ex vivo is crucial for improving the therapeutic outcome in patients with HF. OBJECTIVE To improve hCPC proliferation and migration responses that are critical for regeneration by targeting proregenerative P2Y2 nucleotide receptor (P2Y2R) activated by extracellular ATP and UTP molecules released following injury/stress. METHODS AND RESULTS c-Kit+ hCPCs were isolated from cardiac tissue of patients with HF undergoing left ventricular assist device implantation surgery. Correlations between P2 nucleotide receptor expression and hCPC growth kinetics revealed downregulation of select P2 receptors, including P2Y2R, in slow-growing hCPCs compared with fast growers. hCPC proliferation and migration significantly improved by overexpressing or stimulating P2Y2R. Mechanistically, P2Y2R-induced proliferation and migration were dependent on activation of YAP (yes-associated protein)-the downstream effector of Hippo signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS Proliferation and migration of functionally impaired hCPCs are enhanced by P2Y2R-mediated YAP activation, revealing a novel link between extracellular nucleotides released during injury/stress and Hippo signaling-a central regulator of cardiac regeneration. Functional correlations exist between hCPC phenotypic properties and P2 purinergic receptor expression. Lack of P2Y2R and other crucial purinergic stress detectors could compromise hCPC responsiveness to presence of extracellular stress signals. These findings set the stage for subsequent studies to assess purinergic signaling modulation as a potential strategy to improve therapeutic outcome for use of hCPCs in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid G Khalafalla
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Steven Greene
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Hashim Khan
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Kelli Ilves
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Megan M Monsanto
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Roberto Alvarez
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Monica Chavarria
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Benjamin Norman
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Walter P Dembitsky
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.)
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the SDSU Heart Research Institute, San Diego State University, CA (F.G.K., S.G., H.K., K.I., M.M.M., R.A., M.C., J.N., B.N., M.A.S.); and Sharp Memorial Hospital, San Diego, CA (W.P.D.).
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26
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Pang C, Shi L, Sheng Y, Zheng Z, Wei H, Wang Z, Ji L. Caffeic acid attenuated acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting ERK1/2-mediated early growth response-1 transcriptional activation. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 260:186-195. [PMID: 27720869 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeic acid (CA) is a natural compound abundant in fruits, coffee and plants. This study aims to investigate the involved mechanism of the therapeutic detoxification of CA against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity. CA (10, 30 mg/kg) was orally given to mice at 1 h after mice were pre-administrated with APAP (300 mg/kg). The therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity was observed by detecting serum aminotransferases, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) amount and liver histological evaluation in vivo. CA reduced APAP-induced increase in the mRNA expression of early growth response 1 (Egr1) in hepatocytes, and inhibited APAP-induced Egr1 transcriptional activation in vitro and in vivo. CA reduced the increased expression of growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein (Gadd45)α induced by APAP in hepatocytes. Moreover, Egr1 siRNA reduced Gadd45α expression and reversed APAP-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Further results showed that CA blocked APAP-induced activation of extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) signaling cascade in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the application of ERK1/2 inhibitors (PD98059 and U0126) abrogated the nuclear translocation of Egr1 induced by APAP in hepatocytes. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the therapeutic detoxification of CA against APAP-induced liver injury, and the inhibition of CA on ERK1/2-mediated Egr1 transcriptional activation was involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Liang Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Sheng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhiyong Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Wei
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Systems Biology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Ji
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Tak E, Jun DY, Kim SH, Park GC, Lee J, Hwang S, Song GW, Lee SG. Upregulation of P2Y2 nucleotide receptor in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. J Int Med Res 2016; 44:1234-1247. [PMID: 27807254 PMCID: PMC5536769 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516662135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine if hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) can induce the upregulation of the purinergic receptor P2Y2 (P2Y2) and thereby promote the viability of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells under hypoxic conditions. Methods Archival HCC tumour specimens and corresponding non-cancerous tissues were examined immunohistochemically for P2Y2 protein. A series of in vitro experiments were undertaken using HCC cell lines to determine the effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α and P2Y2 levels, the effect of HIF-1α upregulation on P2Y2 levels, and the effect of P2Y2 upregulation on cell viability under hypoxic conditions. Results Human HCC specimens were positive for P2Y2. Hypoxia and upregulated HIF-1α both upregulated the P2Y2 levels in HCC cell lines. P2Y2 upregulation using plasmid transfection resulted in enhanced cell viability under hypoxia. Treatment of HepG2 cells with the selective P2Y2 antagonist MRS2312 downregulated P2Y2 and reduced cell viability in five HCC cell lines. P2Y2 knockdown reduced HepG2 cell viability under hypoxia. Conclusions These present results suggest that HCC cells upregulate P2Y2 levels during hypoxia, which in turn promotes their growth. P2Y2 could be a potential therapeutic target for treating HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Tak
- 1 Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Jun
- 1 Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil-Chun Park
- 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- 1 Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Hwang
- 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Won Song
- 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- 2 Department of Surgery, Division of Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Besnard A, Gautherot J, Julien B, Tebbi A, Garcin I, Doignon I, Péan N, Gonzales E, Cassio D, Grosse B, Liu B, Safya H, Cauchois F, Humbert L, Rainteau D, Tordjmann T. The P2X4 purinergic receptor impacts liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice through the regulation of biliary homeostasis. Hepatology 2016; 64:941-53. [PMID: 27301647 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Many regulatory pathways are involved in liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH), to initiate growth, protect liver cells, and sustain remnant liver functions. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate rises in blood and bile after PH and contributes to liver regeneration, although purinergic receptors and mechanisms remain to be precisely explored. In this work we analyzed during regeneration after PH the involvement of P2X4 purinergic receptors, highly expressed in the liver. P2X4 receptor expression in the liver, liver histology, hepatocyte proliferation, plasma bile acid concentration, bile flow and composition, and lysosome distribution in hepatocytes were studied in wild-type and P2X4 knockout (KO) mice, before and after PH. P2X4 receptors were expressed in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells; in hepatocytes, P2X4 was concentrated in subcanalicular areas closely costained with lysosomal markers. After PH, delayed regeneration, hepatocyte necrosis, and cholestasis were observed in P2X4-KO mice. In P2X4-KO mice, post-PH biliary adaptation was impaired with a smaller increase in bile flow and HCO3 (-) biliary output, as well as altered biliary composition with reduced adenosine triphosphate and lysosomal enzyme release. In line with these data, lysosome distribution and biogenesis were altered in P2X4-KO compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSION During liver regeneration after PH, P2X4 contributes to the complex control of biliary homeostasis through mechanisms involving pericanalicular lysosomes, with a resulting impact on hepatocyte protection and proliferation. (Hepatology 2016;64:941-953).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Besnard
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,UPMC, Université Paris 06, Paris, France
| | - Julien Gautherot
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Boris Julien
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Ali Tebbi
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Garcin
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Isabelle Doignon
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Noémie Péan
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Emmanuel Gonzales
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Hépatologie pédiatrique, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Doris Cassio
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Brigitte Grosse
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Bingkaï Liu
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Hanaa Safya
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Florent Cauchois
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - Lydie Humbert
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, Paris, France.,ERL INSERM U 1057, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Rainteau
- UPMC, Université Paris 06, Paris, France.,ERL INSERM U 1057, Faculté de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Tordjmann
- INSERM U1174, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
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29
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Scott DA, Hernandez-Garcia A, Azamian MS, Jordan VK, Kim BJ, Starkovich M, Zhang J, Wong LJ, Darilek SA, Breman AM, Yang Y, Lupski JR, Jiwani AK, Das B, Lalani SR, Iglesias AD, Rosenfeld JA, Xia F. Congenital heart defects and left ventricular non-compaction in males with loss-of-function variants in NONO. J Med Genet 2016; 54:47-53. [PMID: 27550220 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2016-104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-POU domain containing octamer-binding gene (NONO) is located on chromosome Xq13.1 and encodes a member of a small family of RNA-binding and DNA-binding proteins that perform a variety of tasks involved in RNA synthesis, transcriptional regulation and DNA repair. Loss-of-function variants in NONO have been described as a cause of intellectual disability in males but have not been described in association with congenital heart defects or cardiomyopathy. In this article, we seek to further define the phenotypic consequences of NONO depletion in human subjects. METHODS We searched a clinical database of over 6000 individuals referred for exome sequencing and over 60 000 individuals referred for CNV analysis. RESULTS We identified two males with atrial and ventricular septal defects, left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC), developmental delay and intellectual disability, who harboured de novo, loss-of-function variants in NONO. We also identified a male infant with developmental delay, congenital brain anomalies and severe LVNC requiring cardiac transplantation, who inherited a single-gene deletion of NONO from his asymptomatic mother. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that in addition to global developmental delay and intellectual disability, males with loss-of-function variants in NONO may also be predisposed to developing congenital heart defects and LVNC with the penetrance of these cardiac-related problems being influenced by genetic, epigenetic, environmental or stochastic factors. Brain imaging of males with NONO deficiency may reveal structural defects with abnormalities of the corpus callosum being the most common. Although dysmorphic features vary between affected individuals, relative macrocephaly is a common feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl A Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Mahshid S Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Valerie K Jordan
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bum Jun Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Molly Starkovich
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lee-Jun Wong
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sandra A Darilek
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amy M Breman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - James R Lupski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Amyn K Jiwani
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Bibhuti Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Seema R Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alejandro D Iglesias
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, USA
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30
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Function and expression study uncovered hepatocyte plasma membrane ecto-ATP synthase as a novel player in liver regeneration. Biochem J 2016; 473:2519-30. [PMID: 27287557 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP synthase, canonically mitochondrially located, is reported to be ectopically expressed on the plasma membrane outer face of several cell types. We analysed, for the first time, the expression and catalytic activities of the ecto- and mitochondrial ATP synthase during liver regeneration. Liver regeneration was induced in rats by two-thirds partial hepatectomy. The protein level and the ATP synthase and/or hydrolase activities of the hepatocyte ecto- and mitochondrial ATP synthase were analysed on freshly isolated hepatocytes and mitochondria from control, sham-operated and partial hepatectomized rats. During the priming phase of liver regeneration, 3 h after partial hepatectomy, liver mitochondria showed a marked lowering of the ATP synthase protein level that was reflected in the impairment of both ATP synthesis and hydrolysis. The ecto-ATP synthase level, in 3 h partial hepatectomized hepatocytes, was decreased similarly to the level of the mitochondrial ATP synthase, associated with a lowering of the ecto-ATP hydrolase activity coupled to proton influx. Noteworthily, the ecto-ATP synthase activity coupled to proton efflux was completely inhibited in 3 h partial hepatectomized hepatocytes, even in the presence of a marked intracellular acidification that would sustain it as in control and sham-operated hepatocytes. At the end of the liver regeneration, 7 days after partial hepatectomy, the level and the catalytic activities of the ecto- and mitochondrial ATP synthase reached the control and sham-operated values. The specific modulation of hepatocyte ecto-ATP synthase catalytic activities during liver regeneration priming phase may modulate the extracellular ADP/ATP levels and/or proton influx/efflux trafficking, making hepatocyte ecto-ATP synthase a candidate for a novel player in the liver regeneration process.
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31
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Kudira R, Malinka T, Kohler A, Dosch M, de Agüero MG, Melin N, Haegele S, Starlinger P, Maharjan N, Saxena S, Keogh A, Stroka D, Candinas D, Beldi G. P2X1-regulated IL-22 secretion by innate lymphoid cells is required for efficient liver regeneration. Hepatology 2016; 63:2004-17. [PMID: 26853442 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Paracrine signalling mediated by cytokine secretion is essential for liver regeneration after hepatic resection, yet the mechanisms of cellular crosstalk between immune and parenchymal cells are still elusive. Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is released by immune cells and mediates strong hepatoprotective functions. However, it remains unclear whether IL-22 is critical for the crosstalk between liver lymphocytes and parenchymal cells during liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH). Here, we found that plasma levels of IL-22 and its upstream cytokine, IL-23, are highly elevated in patients after major liver resection. In a mouse model of PH, deletion of IL-22 was associated with significantly delayed hepatocellular proliferation and an increase of hepatocellular injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Using Rag1(-/-) and Rag2(-/-) γc(-/) (-) mice, we show that the main producers of IL-22 post-PH are conventional natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells type 1. Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a potent danger molecule, is elevated in patients immediately after major liver resection. Antagonism of the P2-type nucleotide receptors, P2X1 and P2Y6, significantly decreased IL-22 secretion ex vivo. In vivo, specific inhibition of P2X1 was associated with decreased IL-22 secretion, elevated liver injury, and impaired liver regeneration. CONCLUSION This study shows that innate immune cell-derived IL-22 is required for efficient liver regeneration and that secretion of IL-22 in the regenerating liver is modulated by the ATP receptor, P2X1. (Hepatology 2016;63:2004-2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kudira
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Malinka
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kohler
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michel Dosch
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mercedes Gomez de Agüero
- Department of Gastroenterology/Mucosal Immunology, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Melin
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Haegele
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, General Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Niran Maharjan
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Smita Saxena
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Keogh
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Deborah Stroka
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Candinas
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Guido Beldi
- Department for Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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32
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Wan HX, Hu JH, Xie R, Yang SM, Dong H. Important roles of P2Y receptors in the inflammation and cancer of digestive system. Oncotarget 2016; 7:28736-47. [PMID: 26908460 PMCID: PMC5053759 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purinergic signaling is important for many biological processes in humans. Purinoceptors P2Y are widely distributed in human digestive system and different subtypes of P2Y receptors mediate different physiological functions from metabolism, proliferation, differentiation to apoptosis etc. The P2Y receptors are essential in many gastrointestinal functions and also involve in the occurrence of some digestive diseases. Since different subtypes of P2Y receptors are present on the same cell of digestive organs, varying subtypes of P2Y receptors may have opposite or synergetic functions on the same cell. Recently, growing lines of evidence strongly suggest the involvement of P2Y receptors in the pathogenesis of several digestive diseases. In this review, we will focus on their important roles in the development of digestive inflammation and cancer. We anticipate that as the special subtypes of P2Y receptors are studied in depth, specific modulators for them will have good potentials to become promising new drugs to treat human digestive diseases in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Xing Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hong Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Rei Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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33
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Maynard JP, Lee JS, Sohn BH, Yu X, Lopez-Terrada D, Finegold MJ, Goss JA, Thevananther S. P2X3 purinergic receptor overexpression is associated with poor recurrence-free survival in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2015; 6:41162-79. [PMID: 26517690 PMCID: PMC4747397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED P2 purinergic receptors are overexpressed in certain cancer tissues, but the pathophysiologic relevance of purinergic signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. To examine the role of P2 purinergic signaling in the pathogenesis of HCC and characterize extracellular nucleotide effects on HCC cell proliferation, two independent HCC patient cohorts were analyzed for P2 purinergic receptor expression, and nucleotide treated HCC cell lines were evaluated for effects on proliferation and cell cycle progression. Our studies suggest that multiple P2 purinergic receptor isoforms are overexpressed in liver tumors, as compared to uninvolved liver, and dysregulation of P2 purinergic receptor expression is apparent in HCC cell lines, as compared to human primary hepatocytes. High P2X3 purinergic receptor expression is associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS), while high P2Y13 expression is associated with improved RFS. Extracellular nucleotide treatment alone is sufficient to induce cell cycle progression, via activation of JNK signaling, and extracellular ATP-mediated activation of P2X3 receptors promotes proliferation in HCC cells. CONCLUSION Our analysis of HCC patient livers and HCC cells in vitro identifies a novel role for dysregulation of P2 purinergic signaling in the induction of hyper-proliferative HCC phenotype and identifies P2X3 purinergic receptors as potential new targets for therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine Triphosphate/pharmacology
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/complications
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Cell Cycle/drug effects
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Cohort Studies
- Disease-Free Survival
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatitis C/complications
- Hepatitis C/genetics
- Hepatitis C/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/complications
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X3/genetics
- Receptors, Purinergic P2X3/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Janielle P. Maynard
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Liver Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bo Hwa Sohn
- Department of Systems Biology, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dolores Lopez-Terrada
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milton J. Finegold
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John A. Goss
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sundararajah Thevananther
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Liver Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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34
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Fleet T, Zhang B, Lin F, Zhu B, Dasgupta S, Stashi E, Tackett B, Thevananther S, Rajapakshe KI, Gonzales N, Dean A, Mao J, Timchenko N, Malovannaya A, Qin J, Coarfa C, DeMayo F, Dacso CC, Foulds CE, O'Malley BW, York B. SRC-2 orchestrates polygenic inputs for fine-tuning glucose homeostasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6068-77. [PMID: 26487680 PMCID: PMC4640775 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519073112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive efforts to understand the monogenic contributions to perturbed glucose homeostasis, the complexity of genetic events that fractionally contribute to the spectrum of this pathology remain poorly understood. Proper maintenance of glucose homeostasis is the central feature of a constellation of comorbidities that define the metabolic syndrome. The ability of the liver to balance carbohydrate uptake and release during the feeding-to-fasting transition is essential to the regulation of peripheral glucose availability. The liver coordinates the expression of gene programs that control glucose absorption, storage, and secretion. Herein, we demonstrate that Steroid Receptor Coactivator 2 (SRC-2) orchestrates a hierarchy of nutritionally responsive transcriptional complexes to precisely modulate plasma glucose availability. Using DNA pull-down technology coupled with mass spectrometry, we have identified SRC-2 as an indispensable integrator of transcriptional complexes that control the rate-limiting steps of hepatic glucose release and accretion. Collectively, these findings position SRC-2 as a major regulator of polygenic inputs to metabolic gene regulation and perhaps identify a previously unappreciated model that helps to explain the clinical spectrum of glucose dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Fleet
- Interdepartmental Department in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Fumin Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Bokai Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Subhamoy Dasgupta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Erin Stashi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Bryan Tackett
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Sundararajah Thevananther
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Kimal I Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Naomi Gonzales
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Adam Dean
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Jianqiang Mao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Nikolai Timchenko
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3026
| | - Anna Malovannaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Francesco DeMayo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Clifford C Dacso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Charles E Foulds
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411
| | - Bert W O'Malley
- Interdepartmental Department in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411;
| | - Brian York
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411; Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030-3411;
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