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Masiuk DM, Kokariev AV, Buzoianu SG, Firth AM, Nedzvetsky VS. An isotonic protein solution favorably modulated the porcine intestinal immune response and cellular adhesion markers and reduced PEDV shedding in vivo. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2024; 271:110753. [PMID: 38608406 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2024.110753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes immensely large economic losses worldwide in the swine industry. PEDV attacks the intestine, disrupts intestinal epithelium morphology and barrier integrity, and results in profound diarrhea and high mortality. A commercially available isotonic protein solution (IPS) (Tonisity Px) has anecdotally been reported to be effective in supportive treatment of piglets with active PEDV infections. This study evaluated the effects of supplementing (or not) the drinking water of 14 day old PEDV-infected piglets with the IPS on the content of E-cadherin, fibronectin, interferon-alpha (IFN-α), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in duodenal tissue. The content of PEDV DNA in feces was also measured. Though both groups had similar PEDV shedding at day 1, IPS piglets had significantly lower PEDV shedding at day 5, 14 and 21. The IPS group also had a shorter duration of PEDV virus shedding. Levels of E-cadherin and fibronectin, both of which are structural proteins in the intestine, remained unchanged from baseline in the IPS group, whereas the same molecules decreased significantly in the control group. IFN-α, an antiviral cytokine, and MMP-9, an enzyme that aids in tissue remodeling, were increased at days 5 and 14 post infection, and then decreased at day 21 post-infection in the IPS group compared to control. Overall, the IPS used in this study enhanced epithelial intercellular adhesion (E-cadherin) and extracellular matrix structure (fibronectin), resulted in significantand favorable changes in MMP-9 activity, and favorably modulated IFN-α production. This is the first report of this panel of biomarkers, especially MMP-9 and IFN-α, in the face of in vivo PEDV infection. This is also the first report to investigate a commercially available swine product that does not need to be administered in solid feed, and that is already registered for use throughout Asia, Europe, South America, and North America. Overall, the results of this study serve to clarify the behavior of 4 key biomarkers in the presence of in vivo PEDV infection. The results also indicate that IPS (Tonisity Px) supplementation is a viable intervention to modulate the porcine intestinal immune response with favorable effects on the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro M Masiuk
- Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (DSAEU), Serhii Efremov Str., 25, Dnipro 49600, Ukraine
| | - Andrii V Kokariev
- Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (DSAEU), Serhii Efremov Str., 25, Dnipro 49600, Ukraine
| | - Stefan G Buzoianu
- Tonisity International Ltd., Tonisity International Ltd, 27-30 Merchants Quay, Dublin 8 D08 K3KD, Ireland
| | - Ava M Firth
- Tonisity International Ltd., Tonisity International Ltd, 27-30 Merchants Quay, Dublin 8 D08 K3KD, Ireland
| | - Victor S Nedzvetsky
- Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University (DSAEU), Serhii Efremov Str., 25, Dnipro 49600, Ukraine.
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2
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Alqudah A, Qnais E, Gammoh O, Bseiso Y, Wedyan M, Alqudah M, Hatahet T. Cirsimaritin Alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Acute Colitis in Experimental Animals: A Therapeutic Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:31-39. [PMID: 38576881 PMCID: PMC10987388 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that affects the entire digestive tract. IBD can be classified as ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease. The key symptoms of IBD include the emergence of abscesses or pustules, pronounced abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, fistulas, and intestinal narrowing, all of which can greatly affect a patient's daily well-being. Several factors, including bacterial infections, immune response irregularities, and changes in the intestinal milieu, can contribute to the onset of IBD. The aim of this study was investigating the role of cirsimaritin in reducing the severity of colitis in animal model. To induce colitis in laboratory Swiss albino mice, a 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) concoction was provided in their hydration source for a duration of six days. Before the onset of colitis, mice were treated with cirsimaritin (10 mg/kg) once daily to evaluate its potential treatment effects against DSS-induced inflammation. The results showed that 10 mg/kg of cirsimaritin decreased colitis severity (P<0.05). Moreover, cirsimaritin successfully reversed the detrimental effects induced by DSS, including weight reduction, colon truncation, tissue-related damage, increased levels of inflammatory cells in the affected region, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Our findings suggest that cirsimaritin can effectively alleviate acute colitis triggered by DSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahim Alqudah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Esam Qnais
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Yousra Bseiso
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Wedyan
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Alqudah
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan
- Physiology Department, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Taher Hatahet
- School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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3
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Mobbs CL, Darling NJ, Przyborski S. An in vitro model to study immune activation, epithelial disruption and stromal remodelling in inflammatory bowel disease and fistulising Crohn's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357690. [PMID: 38410518 PMCID: PMC10894943 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, preclinical models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are insufficient, limiting translation between research and new therapeutics. This is especially true for fistulising Crohn's disease (CD), as the severe lack of relevant models hinders research progression. To address this, we present in vitro human IBD mucosal models that recapitulate multiple pathological hallmarks of IBD simultaneously in one model system - immune cell infiltration, stromal remodelling and epithelial disruption. Stimulation of models induces epithelial aberrations common in IBD tissue including altered morphology, microvilli abnormalities, claudin gene expression changes and increased permeability. Inflammatory biomarkers are also significantly increased including cytokines and chemokines integral to IBD pathogenesis. Evidence of extracellular matrix remodelling, including upregulated matrix-metalloproteinases and altered basement membrane components, suggests the models simulate pathological stromal remodelling events that closely resemble fistulising CD. Importantly, MMP-9 is the most abundant MMP and mimics the unique localisation observed in IBD tissue. The inflamed models were subsequently used to elucidate the involvement of TNF-α and IFN- γ in intestinal stromal remodelling, in which TNF-α but not IFN- γ induced MMP upregulation, specifically of MMP-3 and MMP-9. Collectively, our results demonstrate the potential of the IBD models for use in preclinical research in IBD, particularly for fistulising CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Mobbs
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Nicole J. Darling
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Przyborski
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
- Reprocell Europe Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Lin B, Nair S, Fellner DMJ, Nasef NA, Singh H, Negron L, Goldstone DC, Brimble MA, Gerrard JA, Domigan L, Evans JC, Stephens JM, Merry TL, Loomes KM. The Leptospermum scoparium (Mānuka)-Specific Nectar and Honey Compound 3,6,7-Trimethyllumazine (Lepteridine TM) That Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) Activity. Foods 2023; 12:4072. [PMID: 38002130 PMCID: PMC10670905 DOI: 10.3390/foods12224072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
3,6,7-trimethyllumazine (Lepteridine™) is a newly discovered natural pteridine derivative unique to Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium) nectar and honey, with no previously reported biological activity. Pteridine derivative-based medicines, such as methotrexate, are used to treat auto-immune and inflammatory diseases, and Mānuka honey reportedly possesses anti-inflammatory properties and is used topically as a wound dressing. MMP-9 is a potential candidate protein target as it is upregulated in recalcitrant wounds and intestinal inflammation. Using gelatin zymography, 40 μg/mL LepteridineTM inhibited the gelatinase activities of both pro- (22%, p < 0.0001) and activated (59%, p < 0.01) MMP-9 forms. By comparison, LepteridineTM exerted modest (~10%) inhibition against a chromogenic peptide substrate and no effect against a fluorogenic peptide substrate. These findings suggest that LepteridineTM may not interact within the catalytic domain of MMP-9 and exerts a negligible effect on the active site hydrolysis of small soluble peptide substrates. Instead, the findings implicate fibronectin II domain interactions by LepteridineTM which impair gelatinase activity, possibly through perturbed tethering of MMP-9 to the gelatin matrix. Molecular modelling analyses were equivocal over interactions at the S1' pocket versus the fibronectin II domain, while molecular dynamic calculations indicated rapid exchange kinetics. No significant degradation of synthetic or natural LepteridineTM in Mānuka honey occurred during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. MMP-9 regulates skin and gastrointestinal inflammatory responses and extracellular matrix remodelling. These results potentially implicate LepteridineTM bioactivity in Mānuka honey's reported beneficial effects on wound healing via topical application and anti-inflammatory actions in gastrointestinal disorder models via oral consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Lin
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (B.L.); (S.N.); (D.C.G.); (M.A.B.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Smitha Nair
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (B.L.); (S.N.); (D.C.G.); (M.A.B.); (J.A.G.)
| | - Daniel M. J. Fellner
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Noha Ahmed Nasef
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (N.A.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Harjinder Singh
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (N.A.N.); (H.S.)
| | - Leonardo Negron
- Callaghan Innovation, Gracefield Innovation Quarter, 69 Gracefield Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand;
| | - David C. Goldstone
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (B.L.); (S.N.); (D.C.G.); (M.A.B.); (J.A.G.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (B.L.); (S.N.); (D.C.G.); (M.A.B.); (J.A.G.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Juliet A. Gerrard
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (B.L.); (S.N.); (D.C.G.); (M.A.B.); (J.A.G.)
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Laura Domigan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
| | - Jackie C. Evans
- Comvita NZ Limited, 23 Wilson Road South, Bay of Plenty, Paengaroa 3189, New Zealand; (J.C.E.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Jonathan M. Stephens
- Comvita NZ Limited, 23 Wilson Road South, Bay of Plenty, Paengaroa 3189, New Zealand; (J.C.E.); (J.M.S.)
| | - Troy L. Merry
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
- Comvita NZ Limited, 23 Wilson Road South, Bay of Plenty, Paengaroa 3189, New Zealand; (J.C.E.); (J.M.S.)
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kerry M. Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute for Innovation in Biotechnology, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (B.L.); (S.N.); (D.C.G.); (M.A.B.); (J.A.G.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand;
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Elbaz EM, Essam RM, Ahmed KA, Safwat MH. Donepezil halts acetic acid-induced experimental colitis in rats and its associated cognitive impairment through regulating inflammatory/oxidative/apoptotic cascades: An add-on to its anti-dementia activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109841. [PMID: 36764270 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a persistent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that is regarded as a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Donepezil (DON), a centrally acting acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI), is approved for the management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to scrutinize the impact of DON on acetic acid (AA)-induced UC in rats and to evaluate its ability to attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative strain, and apoptosis in this model and its associated cognitive deficits. Rats were categorized into: normal, DON, AA, and AA + DON groups. DON (5 mg/kg/day) was administered orally for 14 days either alone or beginning with the day of UC induction. Colitis was evoked by a single transrectal injection of 1 ml of 4 % acetic acid. Results revealed that DON significantly improved the behavioral abnormalities with the mitigation of inflammation, apoptosis, and histopathological changes in the hippocampi of the colitis group. Moreover, DON significantly alleviated the macroscopic and microscopic changes associated with colitis. Interestingly, DON inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines via suppression of AA-induced activation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) in the colon, along with serum IL-1β. DON inhibited colon lipid peroxidation, restored the antioxidants with a significant amelioration of the degree of neutrophil infiltration, and repressed colitis-induced matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) production. Furthermore, DON decreased the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 protein expressions. Eventually, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, DON suppressed nitric oxide (NO) release, demonstrating the ability of DON to significantly curtail inflammation in immune cells. Taken together, DON ameliorated experimental colitis and its linked cognitive dysfunction, possibly via its antioxidant effect and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis. Thereby, DON could be a therapeutic nominee for UC and associated neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Elbaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Reham M Essam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, First 6th of October, Giza 3296121, Egypt
| | - Kawkab A Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maheera H Safwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Murad H, Ahmed O, Alqurashi T, Hussien M. Olmesartan medoxomil self-microemulsifying drug delivery system reverses apoptosis and improves cell adhesion in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in rats. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2017-2028. [PMID: 35766160 PMCID: PMC9246205 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Olmesartan medoxomil (OM) is an angiotensin receptor blocker. This study aimed to investigate the effects of OM self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (OMS) in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced acute colitis in rats. Besides two control groups, five TNBS-colitic-treated groups (n = 8) were given orally sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg/day), low and high doses of OM (3.0 and 10.0 mg/kg/day) (OML and OMH) and of OMS (OMSL and OMSH) for seven days. A colitis activity score was calculated. The colon was examined macroscopically. Colonic levels of myeloperoxidase, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), malondialdehyde, and reduced glutathione were measured. Plasma and colonic olmesartan levels were measured. Colonic sections were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for E-cadherin, caspase-3, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Protein expression of E-cadherin, Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and cleaved caspase-3 by Western blot was done. TNBS-colitic rats showed increased colonic myeloperoxidase, TNF-α, IL-6, and malondialdehyde, decreased colonic glutathione, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and protein expression alterations. OMS, compared with OM, dose-dependently achieved higher colonic free olmesartan concentration, showed better anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects, improved intestinal barrier, and decreased mucolytic activity. OMS more effectively up-regulated the reduced Bcl-2, Bcl-2/Bax ratio, and E-cadherin expression, and down-regulated the overexpressed Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and MMP-9. OMSL exerted effects comparable to OMH. Sulfasalazine exerted maximal colonic protective effects and almost completely reversed colonic damage, and OMSH showed nearly similar effects with non-significant differences in-between or compared with the normal control group. In conclusion, OMS could be a potential additive treatment for Crohn's disease colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Murad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alqurashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh campus, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Hussien
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Carracelas B, Navajas EA, Vera B, Ciappesoni G. Genome-Wide Association Study of Parasite Resistance to Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Corriedale Sheep. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091548. [PMID: 36140716 PMCID: PMC9498675 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selection of genetically resistant animals is one alternative to reduce the negative impact of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) on sheep production. The aim of this study was to identify genomic regions associated with GIN resistance in Corriedale sheep by single-step genome-wide association studies (ssGWAS) using 170, 507 and 50K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Analysis included 19,547 lambs with faecal egg counts (FEC) records, a pedigree file of 40,056 animals and 454, 711 and 383 genotypes from 170, 507 and 50K SNPs, respectively. Genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) were obtained with single-step genomic BLUP methodology (ssGBLUP), using a univariate animal model, which included contemporary group, type of birth and age of dam as class fixed effects and age at FEC recording as covariate. The SNP effects as wells as p-values were estimated with POSTGSF90 program. Significance level was defined by a chromosome-wise False Discovery Rate of 5%. Significant genomic regions were identified in chromosomes 1, 3, 12 and 19 with the 170 SNP set, in chromosomes 7, 12 and 24 using the 507 SNP chip and only in chromosome 7 with the 50K SNP chip. Candidate genes located in these regions, using Oar_v4.0 as reference genome, were TIMP3, TLR5, LEPR and TLR9 (170 SNPs), SYNDIG1L and MGRN1 (507 SNP chip) and INO80, TLN2, TSHR and EIF2AK4 (50K SNP chip). These results validate genomic regions associated with FEC previously identified in Corriedale and other breeds and report new candidate regions for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Carracelas
- Department of Animal Breeding, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
- National Research Program on Meat and Wool Production, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
| | - Elly A. Navajas
- Department of Animal Breeding, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
- National Research Program on Meat and Wool Production, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
| | - Brenda Vera
- National Research Program on Meat and Wool Production, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
| | - Gabriel Ciappesoni
- National Research Program on Meat and Wool Production, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria, INIA Las Brujas, Ruta 48 Km 10, Canelones 90100, Uruguay
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +598-98-816-004
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Zhu W, Oteiza PI. Proanthocyanidins at the gastrointestinal tract: mechanisms involved in their capacity to mitigate obesity-associated metabolic disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:220-240. [PMID: 35943169 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2105802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity is continually increasing worldwide. Obesity is a major public health concern given the multiple associated comorbidities. Finding dietary approaches to prevent/mitigate these conditions is of critical relevance. Proanthocyanidins (PACs), oligomers or polymers of flavan-3-ols that are extensively distributed in nature, represent a major part of total dietary polyphenols. Although current evidence supports the capacity of PACs to mitigate obesity-associated comorbidities, the underlying mechanisms remain speculative due to the complexity of PACs' structure. Given their limited bioavailability, the major site of the biological actions of intact PACs is the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This review discusses the actions of PACs at the GI tract which could underlie their anti-obesity effects. These mechanisms include: i) inhibition of digestive enzymes at the GI lumen, including pancreatic lipase, α-amylase, α-glucosidase; ii) modification of gut microbiota composition; iii) modulation of inflammation- and oxidative stress-triggered signaling pathways, e.g. NF-κB and MAPKs; iv) protection of the GI barrier integrity. Further understanding of the mechanisms and biological activities of PACs at the GI tract can contribute to develop nutritional and pharmacological strategies oriented to mitigate the serious comorbidities of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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9
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Eiro N, Barreiro-Alonso E, Fraile M, González LO, Altadill A, Vizoso FJ. Expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 by Inflamed Mucosa in the Initial Diagnosis of Ulcerative Colitis as a Response Marker for Conventional Medical Treatment. Pathobiology 2022; 90:81-93. [PMID: 35797965 DOI: 10.1159/000524978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Experimental and clinical data involve matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. However, the impact of MMPs/TIMPs expression by inflamed mucosa on medical response therapy has scarcely been investigated. METHODS The expression of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 was determined by immunohistochemical analysis in inflamed mucosa samples at diagnosis in 82 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC; 22 never-treated with corticosteroids, 28 nonresponders, and 32 responders to corticosteroid therapy) and 15 patients with acute diverticulitis (AD). The global expression (score value) of each factor was analyzed by computer-generated image analysis. RESULTS UC samples showed higher MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression but lower TIMP-1 expression than the AD samples (p < 0.0001, for all). High MMP-9 and TIMP-1 scores were significantly associated with no need for corticosteroid treatment (p < 0.001 and p = 0.017, respectively); whereas higher score in the MMP-7 expression was significantly associated with nonresponse to corticosteroid therapy (p = 0.037). In addition, in this latter UC subgroup, MMP-7 correlated positively with the younger age of the patients and with the extension of the disease (p = 0.030 and p = 0.010, respectively). CONCLUSION Our results suggest the relevance of MMPs and TIMPs for predicting treatment response to both 5-aminosalicylates and corticosteroids in UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noemi Eiro
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - Eva Barreiro-Alonso
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Maria Fraile
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - Luis O González
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - Antonio Altadill
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
| | - Francisco J Vizoso
- Research Unit, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain.,Department of Surgery, Fundación Hospital de Jove, Gijón, Spain
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10
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Elucidating the Role of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in the Pathogenesis of Canine Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathy-A Search for Potential Biomarkers. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131645. [PMID: 35804545 PMCID: PMC9264988 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is a chronic disease affecting the small or large intestine and, in some cases, the stomach of dogs. This gastrointestinal disorder is common and is characterized by recurrent vomiting, diarrhea, and weight loss in affected dogs. The pathogenesis of IBD is not completely understood. Similar to human IBD, potential disease factors include genetics, environmental exposures, and dysregulation of the microbiota and the immune response. Some important components of the innate and adaptive immune response involved in CIE pathogenesis have been described. However, the immunopathogenesis of the disease has not been fully elucidated. In this review, we summarized the literature associated with the different cell types and molecules involved in the immunopathogenesis of CIE, with the aim of advancing the search for biomarkers with possible diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility. Abstract Canine chronic inflammatory enteropathy (CIE) is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal diseases affecting dogs worldwide. Genetic and environmental factors, as well as intestinal microbiota and dysregulated host immune responses, participate in this multifactorial disease. Despite advances explaining the immunological and molecular mechanisms involved in CIE development, the exact pathogenesis is still unknown. This review compiles the latest reports and advances that describe the main molecular and cellular mechanisms of both the innate and adaptive immune responses involved in canine CIE pathogenesis. Future studies should focus research on the characterization of the immunopathogenesis of canine CIE in order to advance the establishment of biomarkers and molecular targets of diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic utility.
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Fritsch DA, Jackson MI, Wernimont SM, Feld GK, MacLeay JM, Brejda JJ, Cochrane CY, Gross KL. Microbiome function underpins the efficacy of a fiber-supplemented dietary intervention in dogs with chronic large bowel diarrhea. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:245. [PMID: 35751094 PMCID: PMC9233311 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03315-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic large bowel diarrhea is a common occurrence in pet dogs. While nutritional intervention is considered the primary therapy, the metabolic and gut microfloral effects of fiber and polyphenol-enriched therapeutic foods are poorly understood. Methods This prospective clinical study enrolled 31 adult dogs from private veterinary practices with chronic, active large bowel diarrhea. Enrolled dogs received a complete and balanced dry therapeutic food containing a proprietary fiber bundle for 56 days. Metagenomic and metabolomic profiling were performed on fecal samples at Days 1, 2, 3, 14, 28, and 56; metabolomic analysis was conducted on serum samples taken at Days 1, 2, 3, 28, and 56. Results The dietary intervention improved clinical signs and had a clear effect on the gut microfloral metabolic output of canines with chronic diarrhea, shifting gut metabolism from a predominantly proteolytic to saccharolytic fermentative state. Microbial metabolism of tryptophan to beneficial indole postbiotics and the conversion of plant-derived phenolics into bioavailable postbiotics were observed. The intervention altered the endocannabinoid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, and sphingolipid profiles, suggesting a modulation in gastrointestinal inflammation. Changes in membrane phospholipid and collagen signatures were indicative of improved gut function and possible alleviation of the pathophysiology related to chronic diarrhea. Conclusions In dogs with chronic diarrhea, feeding specific dietary fibers increased gut saccharolysis and bioavailable phenolic and indole-related compounds, while suppressing putrefaction. These changes were associated with improved markers of gut inflammation and stool quality. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03315-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale A Fritsch
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.
| | - Matthew I Jackson
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Susan M Wernimont
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Geoffrey K Feld
- Metabolon, Inc., 617 Davis Dr, Morrisville, NC, USA.,Geocyte, Dublin, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Chun-Yen Cochrane
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
| | - Kathy L Gross
- Global Clinical Nutrition and Claims, Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., P.O. Box 1658, 1035 43rd St., Topeka, KS, 66601-1658, USA.,Hill's Pet Nutrition, Inc., 1035 NE 43rd St., Topeka, KS, USA
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12
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Ménard S, Lacroix-Lamandé S, Ehrhardt K, Yan J, Grassl GA, Wiedemann A. Cross-Talk Between the Intestinal Epithelium and Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:906238. [PMID: 35733975 PMCID: PMC9207452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.906238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovars are invasive gram-negative bacteria, causing a wide range of diseases from gastroenteritis to typhoid fever, representing a public health threat around the world. Salmonella gains access to the intestinal lumen after oral ingestion of contaminated food or water. The crucial initial step to establish infection is the interaction with the intestinal epithelium. Human-adapted serovars such as S. Typhi or S. Paratyphi disseminate to systemic organs and induce life-threatening disease known as typhoid fever, whereas broad-host serovars such as S. Typhimurium usually are limited to the intestine and responsible for gastroenteritis in humans. To overcome intestinal epithelial barrier, Salmonella developed mechanisms to induce cellular invasion, intracellular replication and to face host defence mechanisms. Depending on the serovar and the respective host organism, disease symptoms differ and are linked to the ability of the bacteria to manipulate the epithelial barrier for its own profit and cross the intestinal epithelium.This review will focus on S. Typhimurium (STm). To better understand STm pathogenesis, it is crucial to characterize the crosstalk between STm and the intestinal epithelium and decipher the mechanisms and epithelial cell types involved. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular dialogue between STm and the various cell types constituting the intestinal epithelium with a focus on the mechanisms developed by STm to cross the intestinal epithelium and access to subepithelial or systemic sites and survive host defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Ménard
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Jin Yan
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guntram A. Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover, Germany
| | - Agnès Wiedemann
- IRSD - Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université́ de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, UPS, Toulouse, France
- *Correspondence: Agnès Wiedemann,
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13
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Grape Pomace Extract Attenuates Inflammatory Response in Intestinal Epithelial and Endothelial Cells: Potential Health-Promoting Properties in Bowel Inflammation. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061175. [PMID: 35334833 PMCID: PMC8953566 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) implies the chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, combined with systemic vascular manifestations. In IBD, the incidence of cardiovascular disease appears to be related to an increase of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Grape pomace contains high levels of anti-oxidant polyphenols that are able to counteract chronic inflammatory symptoms. The aim of this study was to determine whether grape pomace polyphenolic extract (GPE) was able to mitigate the overwhelming inflammatory response in enterocyte-like cells and to improve vascular function. Intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells, grown in monolayers or in co-culture with endothelial cells (Caco-2/HMEC-1), were treated with different concentrations of GPE (1, 5, 10 µg/mL gallic acid equivalents) for 2 h and then stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α for 16 h. Through multiple assays, the expression of intestinal and endothelial inflammatory mediators, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and NF-κB activation, as well as endothelial-leukocyte adhesion, were evaluated. The results showed that GPE supplementation prevented, in a concentration-dependent manner, the intestinal expression and release of interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-9 and MMP-2. In Caco-2 cells, GPE also suppressed the gene expression of several pro-inflammatory markers, such as IL-1β, TNF-α, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL)-10, intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. The GPE anti-inflammatory effect was mediated by the inhibition of NF-κB activity and reduced intracellular ROS levels. Furthermore, transepithelial GPE suppressed the endothelial expression of IL-6, MCP-1, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 and the subsequent adhesion of leukocytes to the endothelial cells under pro-inflammatory conditions. In conclusion, our findings suggest grape pomace as a natural source of polyphenols with multiple health-promoting properties that could contribute to the mitigation of gut chronic inflammatory diseases and improve vascular endothelial function.
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Li Y, Fan W, Link F, Wang S, Dooley S. Transforming growth factor β latency: A mechanism of cytokine storage and signalling regulation in liver homeostasis and disease. JHEP REPORTS : INNOVATION IN HEPATOLOGY 2022; 4:100397. [PMID: 35059619 PMCID: PMC8760520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2021.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent effector in the liver, which is involved in a plethora of processes initiated upon liver injury. TGF-β affects parenchymal, non-parenchymal, and inflammatory cells in a highly context-dependent manner. Its bioavailability is critical for a fast response to various insults. In the liver – and probably in other organs – this is made possible by the deposition of a large portion of TGF-β in the extracellular matrix as an inactivated precursor form termed latent TGF-β (L-TGF-β). Several matrisomal proteins participate in matrix deposition, latent complex stabilisation, and activation of L-TGF-β. Extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1) was recently identified as a critical factor in maintaining the latency of deposited L-TGF-β in the healthy liver. Indeed, its depletion causes spontaneous TGF-β signalling activation with deleterious effects on liver architecture and function. This review article presents the current knowledge on intracellular L-TGF-β complex formation, secretion, matrix deposition, and activation and describes the proteins and processes involved. Further, we emphasise the therapeutic potential of toning down L-TGF-β activation in liver fibrosis and liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Li
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Weiguo Fan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford CA, USA
| | - Frederik Link
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sai Wang
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213835595.
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Section Molecular Hepatology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Corresponding authors. Addresses: Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Tel.: 06213833768;
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Munir A, Hu L. Synthesized Drug from Medicinal Plant phytochemicals Effectively Targets ECM1 Gene Mutations in Ulcerative Colitis. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180818666210804130050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
:
Ulcerative colitis (UC); an inflammatory bowel disease primarily affects the mucosa of
the colon. Depending on its mode of appearance, it can affect either the entire colon or even the distal
rectum. UC can manifest in both genders and every generation, but most generally appear in people
between the ages of 15 and 30. The extracellular matrix protein-1 (ECM1) gene is an important
candidate, mutations leading to tissue damage in patients with ECM1 single-nucleotide polymorphisms
are likely to intensify tissue damage caused by Metalloproteinase9 resulting in UC. In this
analysis, approval for the synthesis of Chemical Compound was obtained from the scientific committee
of the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, China. Several derivatives
used as UC therapy were selected to build the pharmacophore model, using a ligand-based pharmacophore
modeling approach and virtual screenings were done for the identification of suitable drug
compounds. The selected compound was then synthesized in-vitro and validated using the molecular
docking technique. The synthesized compound fulfills all the characteristics of the non-toxic existence
of other drug-likeness laws. The specific interactive amino acids found in the docked complex
are arginine (ARG):47, lysine (LYS):54, phenylalanine (PHE):141, aspargine (ASN):51, serine
(SER):219, histadine (HIS):144, PHE:214, valine(VAL):220, tyrosine(TYR):145, and TYR:284. The
interaction of the synthesized compound with mutated TYR:284 of ECM1 confirmed the viability
and safety of a drug molecule as a medication in Ulcerative Colitis care. In the future, its validity can
be explored in the laboratory and this synthesized compound can be used as a medication target in
clinical studies against TYR:284 mutation in the ECM1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Comsats University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, 22010, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Lianhai Hu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No.
107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250012, China
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16
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Lupinus albus Protein Components Inhibit MMP-2 and MMP-9 Gelatinolytic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413286. [PMID: 34948082 PMCID: PMC8705115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2 and MMP-9) are regarded as important clinical targets due to their nodal-point role in inflammatory and oncological diseases. Here, we aimed at isolating and characterizing am MMP-2 and-9 inhibitor (MMPI) from Lupinus albus and at assessing its efficacy in vitro and in vivo. The protein was isolated using chromatographic and 2-D electrophoretic procedures and sequenced by using MALDI-TOF TOF and MS/MS analysis. In vitro MMP-2 and 9 inhibitions were determined on colon adenocarcinoma (HT29) cells, as well as by measuring the expression levels of genes related to these enzymes. Inhibitory activities were also confirmed in vivo using a model of experimental TNBS-induced colitis in mice, with oral administrations of 15 mg·kg-1. After chromatographic and electrophoretic isolation, the L. albus MMP-9 inhibitor was found to comprise a large fragment from δ-conglutin and, to a lower extent, small fragments of β-conglutin. In vitro studies showed that the MMPI successfully inhibited MMP-9 activity in a dose-dependent manner in colon cancer cells, with an IC50 of 10 µg·mL-1 without impairing gene expression nor cell growth. In vivo studies showed that the MMPI maintained its bioactivities when administered orally and significantly reduced colitis symptoms, along with a very significant inhibition of MMP-2 and -9 activities. Overall, results reveal a novel type of MMPI in lupine that is edible, proteinaceous in nature and soluble in water, and effective in vivo, suggesting a high potential application as a nutraceutical or a functional food in pathologies related to abnormally high MMP-9 activity in the digestive system.
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Nighot M, Ganapathy AS, Saha K, Suchanec E, Castillo EF, Gregory A, Shapiro S, Ma T, Nighot P. Matrix Metalloproteinase MMP-12 Promotes Macrophage Transmigration Across Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junctions and Increases Severity of Experimental Colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1751-1765. [PMID: 33836047 PMCID: PMC8495490 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs] play an important role in extracellular matrix regulation during cell growth and wound healing. Increased expression of MMP-12 [human macrophage elastase] has been reported in inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] which is characterised by the loss of epithelial tight junction [TJ] barrier function and an excessive inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MMP-12 in intestinal TJ barrier function and inflammation. METHODS Wild type [WT] and MMP-12-/- mice were subjected to experimental acute or chronic dextran sodium sulphate [DSS] colitis. The mouse colonic permeability was measured in vivo by recycling perfusion of the entire colon and ex vivo by Ussing chamber studies. RESULTS DSS administration increased colonic permeability through modulation of TJ proteins and also increased MMP-12 expression in the colonic mucosa of WT mice. The acute as well as chronic DSS-induced increase in colonic TJ permeability and the severity of DSS colitis was found to be markedly attenuated in MMP-12-/- mice. The resistance of MMP-12-/- mice to DSS colitis was characterised by reduced macrophage infiltration and transmigration, and reduced basement membrane laminin degradation. Further in vitro and in vivo studies show that macrophage transmigration across the epithelial layer is MMP-12 dependent and the epithelial TJ barrier is compromised during macrophage transmigration. Conclusions: Together, these data demonstrate that MMP-12 mediated degradation of basement membrane laminin, macrophage transmigration, and associated loss of intestinal TJ barrier are key pathogenic factors for intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghali Nighot
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Kushal Saha
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eric Suchanec
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Eliseo F Castillo
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Alyssa Gregory
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Steven Shapiro
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas Ma
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Prashant Nighot
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
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Bernstein CN, Nugent Z, Shaffer S, Singh H, Marrie RA. Comorbidity before and after a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021; 54:637-651. [PMID: 34156724 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity is an important predictor of how disease course in inflammatory bowel (IBD) evolves. AIMS To determine pre-diagnosis relative rates (RR) and post-diagnosis hazard ratios (HR) of component diseases of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in a cohort study of persons with IBD. METHODS The University of Manitoba IBD Epidemiology Database includes all Manitobans with IBD from 1 April 1984 through 31 March 2018 and matched controls. All outpatient physician claims and hospital discharge abstracts were searched for diagnostic codes for CCI component diseases. Some diseases were collapsed into one group such that we assessed 12 conditions. We report the RR of these conditions prior to IBD and the incidence of these diagnoses after IBD. Using Cox proportional hazards regression we report post-diagnosis HR. Confidence intervals were adjusted for Bonferroni correction. RESULTS The RR of cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, chronic pulmonary diseases, connective tissue disease/rheumatic diseases, renal disease, liver diseases, peptic ulcer disease, and cancer were all increased prior to diagnoses of IBD compared to controls. All comorbidities were increased post IBD diagnosis. The increased HR for dementia in persons with Crohn's disease was a concerning novel finding. The increased association with paraplegia/hemiplegia was unexpected. For all comorbidities, except diabetes, the age at diagnosis was younger in IBD than controls. CONCLUSIONS Persons with IBD have a higher comorbidity burden than persons without IBD. Optimal care plans for persons with IBD should include an assessment for other comorbidities that include just about every other organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zoann Nugent
- University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Cancercare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Seth Shaffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Harminder Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.,Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Dietary salt exacerbates intestinal fibrosis in chronic TNBS colitis via fibroblasts activation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15055. [PMID: 34301970 PMCID: PMC8302708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is a frequent complication in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). It is a challenge to identify environmental factors such as diet that may be driving this risk. Intestinal fibrosis result from accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins secreted by myofibroblasts. Factors promoting intestinal fibrosis are unknown, but diet appears to be a critical component in its development. Consumption of salt above nutritional recommendations can exacerbate chronic inflammation. So far, high salt diet (HSD) have not been thoroughly investigated in the context of intestinal fibrosis associated to IBD. In the present study, we analyze the role of dietary salt in TNBS chronic colitis induced in rat, an intestinal fibrosis model, or in human colon fibroblast cells. Here, we have shown that high-salt diet exacerbates undernutrition and promoted ECM-associated proteins in fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggested that dietary salt can activate intestinal fibroblasts, thereby contributing to exacerbation of intestinal fibrosis. Dietary salt may be considered as a putative environmental factor that drives intestinal fibrosis risk.
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Al-Sadi R, Engers J, Haque M, King S, Al-Omari D, Ma TY. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) induced disruption of intestinal epithelial tight junction barrier is mediated by NF-κB activation. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249544. [PMID: 33826658 PMCID: PMC8026081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been shown to play a key role in mediating inflammation and tissue damage in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In patients with IBD, the intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier is compromised as characterized by an increase in intestinal permeability. MMP-9 is elevated in intestinal tissue, serum and stool of patients with IBD. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that MMP-9 causes an increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability and that the MMP-9 induced increase in intestinal permeability is an important pathogenic factor contributing to the development of intestinal inflammation in IBD. However, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the MMP-9 modulation of intestinal barrier function remain unclear. AIMS The main aim of this study was to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in MMP-9 induced increase in intestinal epithelial TJ permeability using Caco-2 monolayers as an in-vitro model system. RESULTS MMP-9 induced increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability was associated with activation and cytoplasmic-to-nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Knocking-down NF-κB p65 by siRNA transfection prevented the MMP-9 induced expression of the NF-κB target gene IL-8, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) protein expression, and subsequently prevented the increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. In addition, the effect of MMP-9 on Caco-2 intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function was not mediated by apoptosis or necrosis. CONCLUSION Our data show that the MMP-9 induced disruption of Caco-2 intestinal epithelial TJ barrier function is regulated by NF-κB pathway activation of MLCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Al-Sadi
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jessica Engers
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mohammad Haque
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven King
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Deemah Al-Omari
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Thomas Y. Ma
- Department of Medicine, Penn State University College of Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Pistol GC, Bulgaru CV, Marin DE, Oancea AG, Taranu I. Dietary Grape Seed Meal Bioactive Compounds Alleviate Epithelial Dysfunctions and Attenuates Inflammation in Colon of DSS-Treated Piglets. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030530. [PMID: 33806347 PMCID: PMC7999447 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammations associated with progressive degradation of intestinal epithelium and impairment of the local innate immune response. Restoring of epithelial integrity and of the mucosal barrier function, together with modulation of inflammatory and innate immune markers, represent targets for alternative strategies in IBD. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of a diet including 8% grape seed meal (GSM), rich in bioactive compounds (polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), fiber) on the markers of colonic epithelial integrity, mucosal barrier function, pro-inflammatory, and innate immunity in DSS-treated piglets used as animal models of intestinal inflammation. Our results have demonstrated the beneficial effects of bioactive compounds from dietary GSM, exerted at three complementary levels: (a) restoration of the epithelial integrity and mucosal barrier reinforcement by modulation of claudins, Occludin (OCCL) and Zonula-1 (ZO-1) tight junction genes and proteins, myosin IXB (MYO9B) and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTPN) tight junction regulators and mucin-2 (MUC2) gene; (b) reduction of pro-inflammatory MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) genes and activities; and (c) suppression of the innate immune TLR-2 (Toll-like receptor-2) and TLR-4 (Toll-like receptor-4) genes and attenuation of the expression of MyD88 (Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response 88)/MD-2 (Myeloid differentiation factor-2) signaling molecules. These beneficial effects of GSM could further attenuate the transition of chronic colitis to carcinogenesis, by modulating the in-depth signaling mediators belonging to the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Cecilia Pistol
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-21-351-2082
| | - Cristina Valeria Bulgaru
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Daniela Eliza Marin
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Alexandra Gabriela Oancea
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Nutrition Physiology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania;
| | - Ionelia Taranu
- Laboratory of Animal Biology, INCDBNA-IBNA, National Institute of Research and Development for Biology and Animal Nutrition, 077015 Balotesti, Romania; (C.V.B.); (D.E.M.); (I.T.)
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Fabri RL, Campos LM, Florêncio JR, Oliveira LG, Aragão DMDO, Ferreira ALP, de Aguiar JAK, Apolônio ACM, Alves MS, Scio E. Mitracarpus frigidus (Rubiaceae) inhibits inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators in Salmonella sp. mouse infection. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:82-92. [PMID: 33791804 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the in-vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract obtained from the aerial parts of Mitracarpus frigidus (MFM) in the infection caused by two Salmonella strains and its chemical fingerprint by UFLC-quadrupole time of flight-MS. METHODS The efficacy of MFM was investigated in a classical in-vivo Salmonella infection mouse model. A Salmonella reference strain (ATCC 13311) and a clinical isolate were used to infect mice and then MFM was orally administered during 14 days. At the end of the treatment with MFM, the infection and inflammatory levels were assayed. KEY FINDINGS MFM treatment showed a significant reduction in mice mortality by Salmonella infection and, also, did not cause alterations in the liver function. Inhibitions of inflammatory and oxidative stress mediators [malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase, and metalloproteinase] were possibly involved in the observed effects. Chlorogenic acid, clarinoside, quercetin-pentosylhexoside, rutin, kaempferol-3O-rutinoside, kaempferol-rhamnosylhexoside and 2-azaanthraquinone were identified in MFM. CONCLUSIONS MFM was effective in some inflammatory parameters, in the experimental conditions that were used in the study. The results presented in this study and the previous in-vitro anti-Salmonella activity reported by our research group reinforce the importance of MFM studies to considerer it as an alternative treatment for salmonellosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Luiz Fabri
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Lara Melo Campos
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Jônatas Rodrigues Florêncio
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Oliveira
- Glycoconjugate Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Danielle Maria de Oliveira Aragão
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Lúcia Pires Ferreira
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jair Adriano Kopke de Aguiar
- Glycoconjugate Analysis Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Morais Apolônio
- Center of Microbiology Studies, Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Silvana Alves
- Molecular and Cellular Bioactivity Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Elita Scio
- Bioactive Natural Products Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences Institute, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Shimshoni E, Adir I, Afik R, Solomonov I, Shenoy A, Adler M, Puricelli L, Sabino F, Savickas S, Mouhadeb O, Gluck N, Fishman S, Werner L, Salame TM, Shouval DS, Varol C, Auf dem Keller U, Podestà A, Geiger T, Milani P, Alon U, Sagi I. Distinct extracellular-matrix remodeling events precede symptoms of inflammation. Matrix Biol 2021; 96:47-68. [PMID: 33246101 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Identification of early processes leading to complex tissue pathologies, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, poses a major scientific and clinical challenge that is imperative for improved diagnosis and treatment. Most studies of inflammation onset focus on cellular processes and signaling molecules, while overlooking the environment in which they take place, the continuously remodeled extracellular matrix. In this study, we used colitis models for investigating extracellular-matrix dynamics during disease onset, while treating the matrix as a complete and defined entity. Through the analysis of matrix structure, stiffness and composition, we unexpectedly revealed that even prior to the first clinical symptoms, the colon displays its own unique extracellular-matrix signature and found specific markers of clinical potential, which were also validated in human subjects. We also show that the emergence of this pre-symptomatic matrix is mediated by subclinical infiltration of immune cells bearing remodeling enzymes. Remarkably, whether the inflammation is chronic or acute, its matrix signature converges at pre-symptomatic states. We suggest that the existence of a pre-symptomatic extracellular-matrix is general and relevant to a wide range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elee Shimshoni
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Idan Adir
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Ran Afik
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Inna Solomonov
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel
| | - Anjana Shenoy
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Miri Adler
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Luca Puricelli
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Sabino
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Simonas Savickas
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Odelia Mouhadeb
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Nathan Gluck
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Sigal Fishman
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Lael Werner
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Tomer-Meir Salame
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Sciences Core Facilities, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dror S Shouval
- Pediatric Gastroenterology Unit, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Chen Varol
- Research Center for Digestive Tract and Liver Diseases, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alessandro Podestà
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Tamar Geiger
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Paolo Milani
- CIMAINA and Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Uri Alon
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IL 76100, Israel.
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24
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Clinical Significance of CD147 in Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7647181. [PMID: 33015178 PMCID: PMC7516708 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7647181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background CD147/basigin (Bsg), a transmembrane glycoprotein, activates matrix metalloproteinases and promotes inflammation. Objective The aim of this study is to explore the clinical significance of CD147 in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Results In addition to monocytes, the clinical analysis showed that there is no significance obtained in leucocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil, and erythrocyte between IBD and controls. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that CD147 was increased in intestinal tissue of patients with active IBD compared to that in the control group. What is more, CD147 is involved in intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation, which was attributed to the fact that it has an influence on MCT4 expression, a regulator of intestinal barrier function and intestinal inflammation, in HT-29 and CaCO2 cells. Most importantly, serum level of CD147 content is higher in active IBD than that in inactive IBD or healthy control, which could be a biomarker of IBD. Conclusion The data suggested that increased CD147 level could be a biomarker of IBD in children.
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25
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Han HY, Cho JW, Seong E, Park EJ, Lee GH, Kim DW, Yang YS, Oh JH, Yoon S, Lee TG, Kim TW, Park EJ. Amorphous silica nanoparticle-induced pulmonary inflammatory response depends on particle size and is sex-specific in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 390:114890. [PMID: 31972177 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Due to mass production and extensive use, the potential adverse health effects of amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASiNPs) have received a significant attention from the public and researchers. However, the relationship between physicochemical properties of ASiNPs and their health effects is still unclear. In this study, we manufactured two types of ASiNPs of different diameters (20 and 50 nm) and compared the toxic response induced in rats after intratracheal instillation (75, 150 or 300 μg/rat). There were no dose-related differences in mortality, body weight gain or organ weight between the groups. However both types of ASiNPs significantly decreased the proportion of neutrophils in male rats, whereas the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were markedly reduced only in female rats instilled with 20 nm-ASiNPs. ASiNPs-induced lung tissue damage seemed to be more evident in the 20 nm ASiNP-treated group and in female rats than male rats. Similarly, expression of caveolin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 seemed to be most notably enhanced in female rats treated with 20 nm-ASiNPs. The total number of bronchial alveolar lavage cells significantly increased in rats instilled with 20 nm-ASiNPs, accompanying a decrease in the proportion of macrophages and an increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Moreover, secretion of inflammatory mediators clearly increased in human bronchial epithelial cells treated with 20 nm-ASiNPs, but not in those treated with 50 nm-ASiNPs. These results suggest that pulmonary effects of ASiNPs depend on particle size. Sex-dependent differences should also be carefully considered in understanding nanomaterial-induced adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Yun Han
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Cho
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsol Seong
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jun Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-Hee Lee
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wan Kim
- School of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Yang
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Geol Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, 267 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Veterinary Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Park
- Graduate School of East-West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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Kiczmer P, Seńkowska AP, Kula A, Dawidowicz M, Strzelczyk JK, Zajdel EN, Walkiewicz K, Waniczek D, Ostrowska Z, Świętochowska E. Assessment of CMKLR1 level in colorectal cancer and its correlation with angiogenic markers. Exp Mol Pathol 2020; 113:104377. [PMID: 31926977 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant neoplasm in men and third in women. It is also the third leading cause of cancer-related death, killing annually >700,000 patients in the world. The global burden of CRC is expected to increase by 60% to >2.2 million new cases and 1.1 million deaths by 2030. The pathogenesis of cancer mainly depends on angiogenesis. This process plays a key role in the growth and infiltration of tumors which is essential for distant metastases. A large number of biochemical pathways is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis. As a subject of our study, we chose chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) pathway which is responsible for the angiogenic processes in malignant neoplasms. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the CMKLR1 level and the concentrations of the two markers of angiogenesis, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, in tumor and margin tissues of CRC in relation to histological grade and TNM classification. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study used 47 samples of tumor and margin tissues derived from CRC patients. To determine the concentration of CMKLR1, MMP-9, and VCAM-1, we used the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. RESULTS We found a significantly higher concentration of CMKLR1 and MMP-9 in tumor tissue compared to margin. There was no difference in VCAM-1 concentration between tumor and margin. The margin concentration of CMKLR1 was significantly correlated with that of both MMP-9 and VCAM-1. The margin concentration of VCAM-1 was correlated with that of MMP-9. Additionally, we observed that the tumor levels of CMKLR1 and MMP-9 were positively correlated with the tumor size (T parameter). CONCLUSION CMKLR1 activity may be associated with the angiogenic process in CRC via MMP-9 activity. Further research, involving a larger sample, may verify whether chemerin/CMKLR1 axis could be considered as a suitable target in novel molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Kiczmer
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Alicja Prawdzic Seńkowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kula
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Miriam Dawidowicz
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Nowakowska Zajdel
- Department of Nutrition Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Walkiewicz
- Department of Nutrition Related Disease Prevention, Department of Metabolic Disease Prevention, School of Public Health in Bytom, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Dariusz Waniczek
- Department of Surgical Nursing and Surgery Propedeutics, General, Colorectal and Trauma Surgery, SHS in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Zofia Ostrowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Świętochowska
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia in Zabrze, Katowice, Poland
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Praveschotinunt P, Duraj-Thatte AM, Gelfat I, Bahl F, Chou DB, Joshi NS. Engineered E. coli Nissle 1917 for the delivery of matrix-tethered therapeutic domains to the gut. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5580. [PMID: 31811125 PMCID: PMC6898321 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13336-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal healing plays a critical role in combatting the effects of inflammatory bowel disease, fistulae and ulcers. While most treatments for such diseases focus on systemically delivered anti-inflammatory drugs, often leading to detrimental side effects, mucosal healing agents that target the gut epithelium are underexplored. We genetically engineer Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) to create fibrous matrices that promote gut epithelial integrity in situ. These matrices consist of curli nanofibers displaying trefoil factors (TFFs), known to promote intestinal barrier function and epithelial restitution. We confirm that engineered EcN can secrete the curli-fused TFFs in vitro and in vivo, and is non-pathogenic. We observe enhanced protective effects of engineered EcN against dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice, associated with mucosal healing and immunomodulation. This work lays a foundation for the development of a platform in which the in situ production of therapeutic protein matrices from beneficial bacteria can be exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichet Praveschotinunt
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anna M Duraj-Thatte
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilia Gelfat
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Franziska Bahl
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Faculty of Biology, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - David B Chou
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Neel S Joshi
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Extracellular Matrix Fragments of the Basement Membrane and the Interstitial Matrix Are Serological Markers of Intestinal Tissue Remodeling and Disease Activity in Dextran Sulfate Sodium Colitis. Dig Dis Sci 2019; 64:3134-3142. [PMID: 31123972 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05676-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic intestinal inflammation results in tissue damage partly caused by an increase in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity causing degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. We studied intestinal tissue remodeling by quantifying ECM protein fragments in serum in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, to investigate ECM protein fragments as serological biomarkers of intestinal tissue remodeling and disease activity. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats received 5% DSS in drinking water for 5 days followed by 11 days with regular water. Disease activity index (DAI) was scored daily. Serum was collected on day 0, 6, 7, and 16. ELISAs were used to quantify MMP-derived remodeling fragments of basement membrane type IV collagen (C4M and PRO-C4) and interstitial matrix type III collagen (C3M and rPRO-C3). RESULTS In DSS rats, serum levels relative to baseline of C4M, PRO-C4, and C3M were elevated (P < 0.01; P < 0.001; P < 0.001) at day 7, which declined at day 16. Levels of rPRO-C3 were lower in DSS rats at day 7 and increased to normal levels at day 16. The ratio between C3M and rPRO-C3 showed an overall degradation (P < 0.0001) of collagen type III in DSS rats at day 7, which correlated to the DAI (r2 = 0.5588, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that remodeling of the basement membrane (C4M and PRO-C4) and the interstitial matrix (C3M and rPRO-C3) increased during DSS-induced colitis and declined with reversal of the disease. Thus, serological biochemical biomarkers of the ECM reflect tissue remodeling and could be studied as markers of disease activity in IBD.
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Long Non-Coding RNA GAS5 and Intestinal MMP2 and MMP9 Expression: A Translational Study in Pediatric Patients with IBD. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215280. [PMID: 31652976 PMCID: PMC6862115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth arrest–specific transcript 5 (GAS5) seems to be involved in the regulation of mediators of tissue injury, in particular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We investigated the role of GAS5 in regulating MMP2 and MMP9 expression in pediatric patients with IBD and in vitro. Methods: In total, 25 IBD patients were enrolled: For each patient paired inflamed and non-inflamed biopsies were collected. RNA was extracted and GAS5, MMP2, and MMP9 were quantified by TaqMan assay. The expression of GAS5 and MMPs was also determined in the human monocytic THP1 cells differentiated into macrophages and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The function of GAS5 was assessed by overexpressing the lncRNA and evaluating the MMPs levels. Results: Real-time PCR results demonstrated a downregulation of GAS5 and an upregulation of both MMPs in inflamed tissues. In vitro data confirmed the trend observed in patients for the three genes: The stimulation with LPS promoted a downregulation of GAS5 while an increase of MMPs was observed. Overexpression experiments showed that higher levels of GAS5 lead to a decrease of both enzymes. Conclusion: These results provide new information about the role of GAS5 in IBD: The lncRNA could mediate tissue damage by modulating the expression of MMPs.
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30
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Guo G, Shi W, Shi F, Gong W, Li F, Zhou G, She J. Anti-inflammatory effects of eriocitrin against the dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in murine model. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22400. [PMID: 31593355 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a continual ailment condition which engrosses the entire alimentary canal. The IBD can be primarily distinguished into two forms, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. The major symptoms of IBD include pustules or abscesses, severe abdominal pain, diarrhea, fistula, and stenosis, which may directly affect the patient's quality of life. A variety of mediators can stimulate the circumstances of IBD, some examples include infections by microbes such as bacteria, perturbation of the immune system and the surrounding environment of the intestines. Severe colitis was stimulated in the experimental animals through administering 4% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) which is mixed in water ad libitum for 6 days. Eriocitrin (30 mg/kg) was then administered to the experimental animals followed by the induction of severe colitis to evaluate the therapeutic prospective of eriocitrin against the colon inflammation stimulated by DSS. In this study, eriocitrin (30 mg/kg) demonstrated significant (P < .05) attenuation activity against the DSS-stimulated severe colitis in experimental animals. Eriocitrin counteracted all of the clinical deleterious effects induced by DSS, such as body-weight loss, colon shortening, histopathological injury, accretion of infiltrated inflammatory cells at the inflamed region and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The results clearly showed that eriocitrin effectively attenuated DSS-induced acute colitis in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Guo
- Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - Wen Shi
- Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feiyu Shi
- Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - Wenqing Gong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanni Li
- Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
| | - Guangju Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjun She
- Department of Talent Highland, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China.,Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xian, China
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31
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Mortensen JH, Lindholm M, Langholm LL, Kjeldsen J, Bay-Jensen AC, Karsdal MA, Manon-Jensen T. The intestinal tissue homeostasis - the role of extracellular matrix remodeling in inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 13:977-993. [PMID: 31587588 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2019.1673729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling of the intestinal tissue is important in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) due to the extensive mucosal remodeling. There are still gaps in our knowledge as to how ECM remodeling is related to intestinal epithelium homeostasis and healing of the intestinal mucosa.Areas covered: The aim of this review is to highlight the importance of the ECM in relation to the pathogenesis of IBD, while addressing basement membrane and interstitial matrix remodeling, and the processes of wound healing of the intestinal tissue in IBD.Expert opinion: In IBD, basement membrane remodeling may reflect the integrity of the intestinal epithelial-cell homeostasis. The interstitial matrix remodeling is associated with deep inflammation such as the transmural inflammation as seen in fistulas and intestinal fibrosis leading to fibrostenotic strictures, in patients with CD. The interplay between wound healing processes and ECM remodeling also affects the tissue homeostasis in IBD. The interstitial matrix, produced by fibroblasts, holds a very different biology as compared to the epithelial basement membrane in IBD. In combination with integration of wound healing, quantifying the interplay between damage and repair to these sub compartments may provide essential information in IBD patient profiling, mucosal healing and disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Mortensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M Lindholm
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - L L Langholm
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - J Kjeldsen
- Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Odense University hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A C Bay-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - M A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - T Manon-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev, Denmark
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32
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Ehrhardt K, Steck N, Kappelhoff R, Stein S, Rieder F, Gordon IO, Boyle EC, Braubach P, Overall CM, Finlay BB, Grassl GA. Persistent Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection Induces Protease Expression During Intestinal Fibrosis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1629-1643. [PMID: 31066456 PMCID: PMC6749888 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal fibrosis is a common and serious complication of Crohn's disease characterized by the accumulation of fibroblasts, deposition of extracellular matrix, and formation of scar tissue. Although many factors including cytokines and proteases contribute to the development of intestinal fibrosis, the initiating mechanisms and the complex interplay between these factors remain unclear. METHODS Chronic infection of mice with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was used to induce intestinal fibrosis. A murine protease-specific CLIP-CHIP microarray analysis was employed to assess regulation of proteases and protease inhibitors. To confirm up- or downregulation during fibrosis, we performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical stainings in mouse tissue and tissue from patients with inflammatory bowel disease. In vitro infections were used to demonstrate a direct effect of bacterial infection in the regulation of proteases. RESULTS Mice develop severe and persistent intestinal fibrosis upon chronic infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, mimicking the pathology of human disease. Microarray analyses revealed 56 up- and 40 downregulated proteases and protease inhibitors in fibrotic cecal tissue. Various matrix metalloproteases, serine proteases, cysteine proteases, and protease inhibitors were regulated in the fibrotic tissue, 22 of which were confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR. Proteases demonstrated site-specific staining patterns in intestinal fibrotic tissue from mice and in tissue from human inflammatory bowel disease patients. Finally, we show in vitro that Salmonella infection directly induces protease expression in macrophages and epithelial cells but not in fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we show that chronic Salmonella infection regulates proteases and protease inhibitors during tissue fibrosis in vivo and in vitro, and therefore this model is well suited to investigating the role of proteases in intestinal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Ehrhardt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Natalie Steck
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany
| | - Reinhild Kappelhoff
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephanie Stein
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany, and Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany,Present affiliation: Center for Internal Medicine, I. Medical Clinic and Polyclinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Rieder
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Diseases and Surgery Institute
| | - Ilyssa O Gordon
- Department of Pathology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin C Boyle
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation, and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Braubach
- Institute for Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher M Overall
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Centre for Blood Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guntram A Grassl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany,Address correspondence to: Guntram A. Grassl, PhD, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany ()
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Holota Y, Dovbynchuk T, Kaji I, Vareniuk I, Dzyubenko N, Chervinska T, Zakordonets L, Stetska V, Ostapchenko L, Serhiychuk T, Tolstanova G. The long-term consequences of antibiotic therapy: Role of colonic short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) system and intestinal barrier integrity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220642. [PMID: 31437166 PMCID: PMC6705842 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies revealed that antibiotics exposure increases a risk of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) development. It remained largely unknown how antibiotic-induced dysbiosis confers the risk for enhanced inflammatory response. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that SCFAs, their receptors and transporters mediate the antibiotic long-term effects on the functional state of colonic mucosa and susceptibility to the experimental colitis. Male Wistar rats were treated daily for 14 days with antibiotic ceftriaxone (300 mg/kg, i.m.) or vehicle; euthanized by CO2 inhalation followed by cervical dislocation in 1, 14 or 56 days after antibiotic withdrawal. We found increased cecum weight and sustained changes in microbiota composition after ceftriaxone treatment with increased number of conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria, E. coli, Clostridium, Staphylococcus spp. and hemolytic bacteria even at 56 days after antibiotic withdrawal. The concentration of SCFAs was decreased after ceftriaxone withdrawal. We found decreased immunoreactivity of the FFA2, FFA3 receptors, SMCT1 and increased MCT1 & MCT4 transporters of SCFAs in colon mucosa. These changes evoked a significant shift in colonic mucosal homeostasis: the disturbance of oxidant-antioxidant balance; activation of redox-sensitive transcription factor HIF1α and ERK1/2 MAP kinase; increased colonic epithelial permeability and bacterial translocation to blood; morphological remodeling of the colonic tissue. Ceftriaxone pretreatment significantly reinforced inflammation during experimental colitis 56 days after ceftriaxone withdrawal, which was confirmed by increased histopathology of colitis, Goblet cell dysfunction, colonic dilatation and wall thickening, and increased serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-10). Since the recognition of the importance of microbiota metabolic activity rather than their composition in the development of inflammatory disorders, e.g. IBD, the present study is the first report on the role of the SCFA system in the long lasting side effects of antibiotic treatment and its implication in IBD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliia Holota
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Izumi Kaji
- UCLA/CURE West LA VA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Igor Vareniuk
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ganna Tolstanova
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
- * E-mail: ,
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Al-Sadi R, Youssef M, Rawat M, Guo S, Dokladny K, Haque M, Watterson MD, Ma TY. MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal epithelial tight permeability is mediated by p38 kinase signaling pathway activation of MLCK gene. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G278-G290. [PMID: 30543452 PMCID: PMC6397336 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00126.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) has been implicated as being an important pathogenic factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). MMP-9 is markedly elevated in intestinal tissue of patients with IBD, and IBD patients have a defective intestinal tight-junction (TJ) barrier manifested by an increase in intestinal permeability. The loss of intestinal epithelial barrier function is an important contributing factor in the development and prolongation of intestinal inflammation; however, the role of MMP-9 in intestinal barrier function remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of MMP-9 on the intestinal epithelial TJ barrier and to delineate the intracellular mechanisms involved by using in vitro (filter-grown Caco-2 monolayers) and in vivo (mouse small intestine recycling perfusion) systems. MMP-9 caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. MMP-9 also caused an increase in myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) gene activity, protein expression, and enzymatic activity. The pharmacological MLCK inhibition and siRNA-induced knockdown of MLCK inhibited the MMP-9-induced increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. MMP-9 caused a rapid activation of the p38 kinase signaling pathway and inhibition of p38 kinase activity prevented the MMP-9-induced increase in MLCK gene activity and the increase in Caco-2 TJ permeability. MMP-9 also caused an increase in mouse intestinal permeability in vivo, which was accompanied by an increase in MLCK expression. The MMP-9-induced increase in mouse intestinal permeability was inhibited in MLCK-deficient mice. These data show for the first time that the MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability in vitro and in vivo was mediated by the p38 kinase signal transduction pathway upregulation of MLCK gene activity and that therapeutic targeting of these pathways can prevent the MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability. NEW & NOTEWORTHY MMP-9 is highly elevated in patients with IBD. IBD patients have compromised intestinal TJ barrier function manifested by an increase in intestinal permeability and intestinal inflammation. This study shows that MMP-9, at clinically achievable concentrations, causes an increase in intestinal TJ permeability in vitro and in vivo. In addition, a MMP-9-induced increase in intestinal TJ permeability was mediated by an increase in MLCK gene and protein expression via the p38 kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Al-Sadi
- 1Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Moustafa Youssef
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Manmeet Rawat
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Shuhong Guo
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Karol Dokladny
- 2Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Mohammad Haque
- 1Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Thomas Y. Ma
- 1Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania,2Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico
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35
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Sueblinvong V, Weiss DJ. Acute Lung Injury: Endothelial Progenitor Cells to the Rescue? Am J Med Sci 2019; 357:1-2. [PMID: 30446164 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viranuj Sueblinvong
- Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia.
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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Friedlander P, Wood K, Wassmann K, Christenfeld AM, Bhardwaj N, Oh WK. A whole-blood RNA transcript-based gene signature is associated with the development of CTLA-4 blockade-related diarrhea in patients with advanced melanoma treated with the checkpoint inhibitor tremelimumab. J Immunother Cancer 2018; 6:90. [PMID: 30227886 PMCID: PMC6145108 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-018-0408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade is associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Grade 3-4 diarrhea/colitis is the most frequent irAE requiring treatment discontinuation. Predicting high-risk diarrhea/colitis patients may facilitate early intervention, limit irAE severity, and extend treatment duration. No biomarkers currently predict for anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy related severe diarrhea. METHODS Whole-blood was collected pre-treatment and 30 days post-treatment initiation from patients with stage III or IV unresectable melanoma who received 15 mg/kg tremelimumab at 90 day intervals in two clinical trials. The discovery dataset was a phase II study that enrolled 150 patients between December 2005 and November 2006. The validation dataset was a phase III study that enrolled 210 patients between March 2006 and July 2007. RT-PCR was performed for 169 genes associated with inflammation, immunity, CTLA-4 pathway and melanoma. Gene expression was correlated with grade 0-1 versus grade 2-4 diarrhea/colitis development. RESULTS Pre-treatment blood obtained from the discovery dataset (N = 150) revealed no gene predictive of diarrhea/colitis development (p < 0.05). A 16-gene signature (CARD12, CCL3, CCR3, CXCL1, F5, FAM210B, GADD45A, IL18bp, IL2RA, IL5, IL8, MMP9, PTGS2, SOCS3, TLR9 and UBE2C) was identified from 30 days post-tremelimumab initiation blood that discriminated patients developing grade 0-1 from grade 2-4 diarrhea/colitis. The 16-gene signature demonstrated an AUC of 0.814 (95% CI 0.743 to 0.873, p < 0.0001), sensitivity 42.9%, specificity 99.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) 90.0%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 91.4%. In the validation dataset (N = 210), the 16-gene signature discriminated patients developing grade 0-1 from grade 2-4 diarrhea/colitis with an AUC 0.785 (95% CI 0.723 to 0.838, p < 0.0001), sensitivity 57.1%, specificity 84.4%, PPV 57.1% and NPV 84.4%. CONCLUSION This study identifies a whole-blood mRNA signature predictive of a clinically relevant irAE in patients treated with immune checkpoint blockade. We hypothesize that immune system modulation induced by immune checkpoint blockade results in peripheral blood gene expression changes that are detectable prior to clinical onset of severe diarrhea. Assessment of peripheral blood gene expression changes in patients receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, or combination anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy, is warranted to provide early on-treatment mechanistic insights and identify clinically relevant predictive biomarkers. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov , NCT00257205 , registered 22 November 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Friedlander
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Kevin Wood
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Valley Hospital, Ridgewood, NJ, USA
| | | | | | - Nina Bhardwaj
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA.,Parker Institute of Cancer Immunotherapy, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - William K Oh
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
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Comparisons of gut microbiota profiles in wild-type and gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9-deficient mice in acute DSS-induced colitis. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30181895 PMCID: PMC6120875 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-018-0059-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota help to educate the immune system and a number of involved immune cells were recently characterized. However, specific molecular determinants in these processes are not known, and, reciprocally, little information exists about single host determinants that alter the microbiota. Gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), an innate immune regulator and effector, has been suggested as such a host determinant. In this study, acute colitis was induced in co-housed MMP-9-/- mice (n = 10) and their wild-type (WT) littermates (n = 10) via oral administration of 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) for 7 days followed by 2 days of regular drinking water. Control mice (10 WT and 10 MMP-9-/-) received normal drinking water. Fecal samples were collected at time of sacrifice and immediately frozen at −80 °C. Microbiota analysis was performed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on Illumina MiSeq and taxonomic annotation was performed using the Ribosomal Database Project as reference. Statistical analysis correcting for multiple testing was done using R. No significant differences in clinical or histopathological parameters were found between both genotypes with DSS-induced colitis. Observed microbial richness at genus level and microbiota composition were not significantly influenced by host genotype. In contrast, weight loss, disease activity index, cage, and phenotype did significantly influence the intestinal microbiota composition. After multivariate analysis, cage and phenotype were identified as the sole drivers of microbiota composition variability. In conclusion, changes in fecal microbiota composition were not significantly altered in MMP-9-deficient mice compared to wild-type littermates, but instead were mainly driven by DSS-induced colonic inflammation. A protein that regulates aspects of the immune system has been proposed to influence gut microbial populations implicated in the inflammatory conditions known as colitis, but new evidence suggests the protein has no such effect. Ghislain Opdenakker and colleagues at the Rega Institute for Medical Research in Belgium examined the issue in mice with chemically induced colitis. The gut microbes of normal “wild-type” animals were compared with those in animals lacking the gene for the protein, “gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase-9”. The absence of the gene, and therefore of the protein it codes for, caused no significant alteration in the gut microbial population. The presence of colitis, however, did alter the gut microbial population relative to mice with no colitis. The results will assist work to understand the networks of cause and effect linking gut microbes and colitis.
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Schreiber S, Siegel CA, Friedenberg KA, Younes ZH, Seidler U, Bhandari BR, Wang K, Wendt E, McKevitt M, Zhao S, Sundy JS, Lee SD, Loftus EV. A Phase 2, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Inhibitor, Andecaliximab, in Patients With Moderately to Severely Active Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1014-1020. [PMID: 29846530 PMCID: PMC6113705 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP9] is implicated in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease and may serve as a potential biomarker. A phase 2 trial was conducted to examine the efficacy and safety of the anti-MMP9 antibody andecaliximab [GS-5745] in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn's disease. METHODS Patients were randomized 1:2:2:2 to receive subcutaneous injections of placebo weekly [QW], andecaliximab 150 mg every 2 weeks [Q2W], andecaliximab 150 mg QW, or andecaliximab 300 mg QW.The co-primary study efficacy endpoints were evaluation of a clinical response, defined as liquid or very soft stool frequency and abdominal pain composite [from Patient-Reported Outcome 2] score ≤ 8 at week 8, and an endoscopic response, defined as a ≥ 50% reduction from baseline in the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn's Disease, following 8 weeks of treatment. RESULTS A total of 187 participants were randomized to treatment; 53 participants were randomized to each andecaliximab treatment group and 28 participants were randomized to placebo. Proportions of patients receiving andecaliximab were not different from proportions of patients receiving placebo based on clinical and endoscopic response and Crohn's disease activity index-defined remission at week 8. Rates of adverse events were comparable among the andecaliximab and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of induction treatment with 150 mg andecaliximab Q2W, 150 mg andecaliximab QW, or 300 mg andecaliximab QW in patients with Crohn's disease did not induce a clinically meaningful symptomatic or endoscopic response. Andecaliximab was well tolerated. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02405442.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ke Wang
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sally Zhao
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
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Natarajan K, Abraham P, Kota R, Isaac B. NF-κB-iNOS-COX2-TNF α inflammatory signaling pathway plays an important role in methotrexate induced small intestinal injury in rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:766-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Sandborn WJ, Bhandari BR, Randall C, Younes ZH, Romanczyk T, Xin Y, Wendt E, Chai H, McKevitt M, Zhao S, Sundy JS, Keshav S, Danese S. Andecaliximab [Anti-matrix Metalloproteinase-9] Induction Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2/3 Study in Patients With Moderate to Severe Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2018; 12:1021-1029. [PMID: 29767728 PMCID: PMC6113706 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP9] is implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis [UC] via disruption of intestinal barrier integrity and function. A phase 2/3 combined trial was designed to examine the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of the anti-MMP9 antibody, andecaliximab [formerly GS-5745], in patients with moderately to severely active UC. METHODS Patients were randomised [1:1:1] to receive placebo, 150 mg andecaliximab every 2 weeks [Q2W], or 150 mg andecaliximab weekly [QW], via subcutaneous administration. The primary endpoint was endoscopy/bleeding/stool [EBS]-defined clinical remission [endoscopic subscore of 0 or 1, rectal bleeding subscore of 0, and at least a 1-point decrease from baseline in stool frequency to achieve a subscore of 0 or 1] at Week 8. The phase 2/3 trial met prespecified futility criteria and was terminated before completion. This study describes results from the 8-week induction phase. RESULTS Neither 150 mg andecaliximab Q2W or QW resulted in a significant increase vs placebo in the proportion of patients achieving EBS clinical remission at Week 8. Remission rates [95% confidence intervals] were 7.3% [2.0%-17.6%], 7.4% [2.1%-17.9%], and 1.8% [0.0%-9.6%] in the placebo, andecaliximab Q2W, and andecaliximab QW groups, respectively. Similarly, Mayo Clinic Score response, endoscopic response, and mucosal [histological] healing did not differ among groups. Rates of adverse events were comparable among andecaliximab and placebo. CONCLUSIONS Eight weeks of induction treatment with 150 mg andecaliximab in patients with UC did not induce clinical remission or response. Andecaliximab was well tolerated and pharmacokinetic properties were consistent with those previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Sandborn
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Corresponding author: William J. Sandborn, Professor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor of Surgery; Chief, Division of Gastroenterology; Vice Chair for Clinical Operations, Department of Medicine; Director, UCSD IBD Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0956, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. Tel.: [858] 657-5331; fax [858] 657-5022;
| | | | - Charles Randall
- Gastroenterology Research America and University of Texas, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Yan Xin
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Hao Chai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Sally Zhao
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | | | - Satish Keshav
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Silvio Danese
- Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
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41
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Walana W, Ye Y, Li M, Wang J, Wang B, Cheng JW, Gordon JR, Li F. IL-8 antagonist, CXCL8(3-72)K11R/G31P coupled with probiotic exhibit variably enhanced therapeutic potential in ameliorating ulcerative colitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 103:253-261. [PMID: 29655167 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a major health challenge due in part to unsafe and limited treatment options, hence there is the need for alternatives. CXCL8/interleukin 8 (IL-8) is elevated in inflammation, and binds preferentially to G protein-couple receptors (GPCRs) CXCR1/2 of the CXC chemokine family to initiate cascades of downstream inflammatory signals. A mutant CXCL8 protein, CXCL8(3-72)K11R/G31P (G31P), competitively and selectively binds to CXCR1/2, making CXCL8 redundant. We explore the therapeutic potential of G31P in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis (UC), and the corresponding effect if G31P treatment is augmented with Lactobacillus acidophilus (LACT). The treatment options administered significantly reduced TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, but maintained elevated levels of IL-10. CD68 and F4/80 expressions were down-regulated and showed restricted infiltration to inflamed colon, while IL-17F levels were insignificantly different from the DSS treated mice. Also, we observed up-regulation of IL-17A in G31P + LACT but not G31P treated mice if compared with Control group. The treatments ameliorated colonic fibrosis by reducing VEGF, TGF-β, MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, we observed elevated levels of E-cadherin, and marginal up-regulation of occludin, suggesting the role of the treatments in regulating tight intestinal junction and adherence proteins. Mechanism-wise, G31P interferes with AKT and ERK signaling pathways. Our study suggests that G31P confers protection in IBD, particularly UC, and when G31P treatment is augmented with Lactobacillus acidophilus, the protection is variably enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Williams Walana
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ying Ye
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Microecology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Jya-Wei Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Life Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - John R Gordon
- The Division of Respirology, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Immunology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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42
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Hanifeh M, Rajamäki MM, Syrjä P, Mäkitalo L, Kilpinen S, Spillmann T. Identification of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities within the intestinal mucosa of dogs with chronic enteropathies. Acta Vet Scand 2018. [PMID: 29530095 PMCID: PMC5848456 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 are zinc- and calcium-dependent endopeptidases involved in the breakdown and reconstitution of extracellular matrix under both physiological and pathological conditions. Mucosal MMP-2 and -9 activities have been reported to be upregulated in the intestine of humans with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and in animal models of IBD. However, their involvement in the pathogenesis of canine chronic enteropathies (CE) is unknown. This study investigated mucosal pro- and active MMP-2 and -9 activities in dogs with CE and healthy dogs using gelatin zymography, and also to determine the association of their activities in dogs with CE with the canine IBD activity index (CIBDAI), histopathologic findings, the clinical outcome, and hypoalbuminemia. Intestinal mucosal samples from duodenum, ileum, colon, and cecum were collected from 40 dogs with CE and 18 healthy Beagle dogs. RESULTS In dogs with CE, the number of samples positive for mucosal pro- and active MMP-2 was significantly higher in the duodenum (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.011, respectively), ileum (P = 0.002 and P = 0.018, respectively), and colon (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.002, respectively), compared with healthy controls. Mucosal pro-MMP-9-positive samples in the duodenum and colon were significantly more frequent in dogs with CE than in healthy dogs (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.001, respectively). Despite the presence of mucosal samples positive for active MMP-9 in the intestinal segments of dogs with CE, the difference compared to healthy controls did not reach statistical significance. None of the intestinal mucosal samples in healthy dogs showed gelatinolytic activity corresponding to the control bands of active MMP-2 and -9. Mucosal active MMP-9 activities displayed a significant positive association with the severity of neutrophil infiltration in the duodenum (P = 00.040), eosinophils in the cecum (P = 00.037), and the CIBDAI score for ileum samples (P = 0.023). There was no significant association of pro- and active MMP-2 and -9 levels with the clinical outcome or hypoalbuminemia. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to demonstrate upregulation of mucosal pro- and active MMP-2 and pro-MMP-9 in the intestine of dogs with CE compared to healthy dogs. The results provide supporting evidence for the possible involvement of MMP-2 and -9 in the pathogenesis of canine CE.
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43
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Walter L, Pujada A, Bhatnagar N, Bialkowska AB, Yang VW, Laroui H, Garg P. Epithelial derived-matrix metalloproteinase (MMP9) exhibits a novel defensive role of tumor suppressor in colitis associated cancer by activating MMP9-Notch1-ARF-p53 axis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:364-378. [PMID: 27861153 PMCID: PMC5352126 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis associated cancer (CAC) is chronic inflammation driven colon cancer, prevalent among individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP9) is one of the essential regulators of extra cellular matrix components. We have shown that MMP9 is protective in CAC contrary to its inflammatory role in acute-colitis. Aim of our study is to identify the mechanism of the protective role of epithelial derived-MMP9 in CAC. We used homozygous transgenic mice constitutively-expressing MMP9 in colonic-epithelium (TgM9) and wild-type (WT) littermates for in vivo experiments. Stably-transfected HCT116 with/without MMP9, and mouse embryonic-fibroblasts (WT and MMP9−/−, MEFs) were used for in vitro experiments. TgM9 mice exhibited less tumor burden, increased apoptosis, and increased expressions of active-Notch1, p53, p21WAF1/Cip1, caspase-3 and cyclin E in CAC compared to WTs. These results were supported by MEFs data. HCT116-cells overexpressing MMP9 indicated decreased cell proliferation, S-phase cell-cycle arrest and less DNA damage compared to vector. MMP9−/− mice showed attenuation of MMP9 was directly associated with p19ARF. Our study identifies the tumor suppressor role of epithelial derived-MMP9 in CAC via novel mechanistic pathway “MMP9-Notch1-ARF-p53 axis” regulating apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and DNA damage implying, that MMP9 expression might be a natural/biological way to suppress colonic ulceration due to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewins Walter
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adani Pujada
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Noopur Bhatnagar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Vincent W Yang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Hamed Laroui
- Department of Chemistry/Biology, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pallavi Garg
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Chen L, You Q, Hu L, Gao J, Meng Q, Liu W, Wu X, Xu Q. The Antioxidant Procyanidin Reduces Reactive Oxygen Species Signaling in Macrophages and Ameliorates Experimental Colitis in Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1910. [PMID: 29354126 PMCID: PMC5760499 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a real clinical challenge. Despite intense investigation, the mechanisms of IBD remain substantially unidentified. Some inflammatory conditions, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome signaling pathways, are reported to contribute to the development and maintenance of IBD. Regulation of their common upstream signaling, that is, reactive oxygen species (ROS), may be important to control the progression of IBD. In the present study, we found that procyanidin, a powerful antioxidation flavonoid, has a significant effect on ROS clearance on THP-1 macrophages after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or LPS-combined adenosine triphosphate stimulation, thus downregulating MMP9 expression, suppressing NF-κB signaling, and interrupting the formation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Moreover, our in vivo data showed that procyanidin attenuated Dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis in a dose-dependent fashion by suppressing the expression of MMP9, NF-κB, and NLRP3 inflammasome signaling in colonic tissues in mice. Overall, our results suggested that targeting ROS could be a potential therapeutic choice for colonic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian You
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuefeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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45
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Neutrophils: a cornerstone of liver ischemia and reperfusion injury. J Transl Med 2018; 98:51-62. [PMID: 28920945 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality due to graft rejection after liver transplantation. During IRI, an intense inflammatory process occurs in the liver. This hepatic inflammation is initiated by the ischemic period but occurs mainly during the reperfusion phase, and is characterized by a large neutrophil recruitment to the liver. Production of cytokines, chemokines, and danger signals results in activation of resident hepatocytes, leukocytes, and Kupffer cells. The role of neutrophils as the main amplifiers of liver injury in IRI has been recognized in many publications. Several studies have shown that elimination of excessive neutrophils or inhibition of their function leads to reduction of liver injury and inflammation. However, the mechanisms involved in neutrophil recruitment during liver IRI are not well known. In addition, the molecules necessary for this type of migration are poorly defined, as the liver presents an atypical sinusoidal vasculature in which the classical leukocyte migration paradigm only partially applies. This review summarizes recent advances in neutrophil-mediated liver damage, and its application to liver IRI. Basic mechanisms of activation of neutrophils and their unique mechanisms of recruitment into the liver vasculature are discussed. In particular, the role of danger signals, adhesion molecules, chemokines, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and metalloproteinases is explored. The precise definition of the molecular events that govern the recruitment of neutrophils and their movement into inflamed tissue may offer new therapeutic alternatives for hepatic injury by IRI and other inflammatory diseases of the liver.
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46
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Matrix metalloproteinases as regulators of inflammatory processes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2036-2042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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47
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Pujada A, Walter L, Patel A, Bui TA, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Denning TL, Garg P. Matrix metalloproteinase MMP9 maintains epithelial barrier function and preserves mucosal lining in colitis associated cancer. Oncotarget 2017; 8:94650-94665. [PMID: 29212256 PMCID: PMC5706902 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In colitis associated cancer (CAC), chronic inflammation exposes the epithelial mucosal defensive lining to inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) causing the dysbiosis of microbiota population and the dysregulation of immune response. Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) are zinc dependent endopeptidases which mediate inflammation, tissue remodeling, and carcinogenesis. MMP9 is undetectable in healthy tissue, although highly upregulated during inflammation and cancer. We have previously shown that MMP9 plays a protective role in CAC opposite to its conventional role of acute inflammation and cancer mediator. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic role of MMP9 in preserving the epithelial mucosal integrity to suppress the progression of tumor microenvironment in CAC. We used transgenic mice constitutively expressing MMP9 in colonic epithelium (TgM9) as an in vivo model and intestinal cell line CaCo2BBE as an in vitro model. We induced CAC with three cycles of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We observed that MMP9 expression in colonic epithelium maintains the microbiota. We also observed that MMP9 mediates pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and AMPs but suppresses IL-22 resulting in lower levels of REG3-g and S100A8 AMPs. We also found that MMP9 maintains an efficient barrier function and the integrity of tight junctions. We also observed increased levels of mucin and intestinal trefoil factor among TgM9 mice in CAC. We also found that MMP9 expressing CaCo2BBE cells had increased expressions of EGFR and nuclear transcription factor- specificity protein 1 (Sp1). These data imply that MMP9 acts as a tumor suppressor in CAC by sustaining the epithelial mucosal integrity due to the activation of EGFR-Sp1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adani Pujada
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lewins Walter
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aashka Patel
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tien Anh Bui
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Pallavi Garg
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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48
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Lee SE, Lim JY, Kim TW, Jeon YW, Yoon JH, Cho BS, Eom KS, Kim YJ, Kim HJ, Lee S, Cho SG, Kim DW, Lee JW, Min WS, Shin DM, Choi EY, Min CK. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Monocytic Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Correlate with Early Infections and Clinical Outcomes in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2017; 24:32-42. [PMID: 28844945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and its relevance in clinical acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) infections remain to be fully characterized. We examined the expansion of circulating monocytic (M-) MDSCs and granulocytic (G-) MDSCs at the time of engraftment in 130 patients undergoing allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT). Compared with the G-MDSC group, the high M-MDSC group had a higher infection rate within 100 days, along with worse 1-year cumulative incidence of treatment-related mortality (TRM) and 2-year probability of event-free survival (EFS). The frequency of M-MDSCs was associated with preceding severe mucositis. Transcriptome profiling analysis of 2 isolated MDSC subtype showed significantly greater matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in M-MDSCs than in G-MDSCs. M-MDSCs produced abundantly more MMP-9. Importantly, compared with G-MDSCs, M-MDSCs isolated from patients post-HSCT had a greater capacity to suppress T cell responses, and MMP-9 blockade more forcefully inhibited their immunosuppressive effect. MMP-9 levels also were associated with the occurrence of infections and with transplantation outcomes. Based on these findings, we identify M-MDSCs as a major contributor to infections early after allo-HSCT and worse clinical outcomes via MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Eun Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Lim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Woo Jeon
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Yoon
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Sik Cho
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Seong Eom
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Goo Cho
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Lee
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Sung Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Leukemia Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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49
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Gawrońska B, Matowicka-Karna J, Kralisz M, Kemona H. Markers of inflammation and influence of nitric oxide on platelet activation in the course of ulcerative colitis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:68108-68114. [PMID: 28978100 PMCID: PMC5620240 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a non-specific inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. We investigated whether severe form of ulcerative colitis may lead to increased number of platelets, changes in platelet parameters and their activation. To address our objectives, we measured concentrations of nitric oxide and markers of inflammation. We found increased number of low-volume platelets in a group of affected patients. However, their activity was not as high as expected. In addition to that we observed eight times higher concentration of nitric oxide in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis than in healthy individuals. Besides, severe form of the disease manifested itself with increased concentrations of interleukine 6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and neopterin. Based on the results we propose that high amounts of nitric oxide inhibit platelet activation in severe form of ulcerative colitis. Moreover, our observations regarding interleukine 6, matrix metalloproteinase-9 and neopterin suggest that they may become useful markers of active form of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Gawrońska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Maciej Kralisz
- Department of Internal Diseases and Gastroenterology, The Sniadecki Regional Hospital in Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Halina Kemona
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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50
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Fábrega MJ, Rodríguez-Nogales A, Garrido-Mesa J, Algieri F, Badía J, Giménez R, Gálvez J, Baldomà L. Intestinal Anti-inflammatory Effects of Outer Membrane Vesicles from Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in DSS-Experimental Colitis in Mice. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1274. [PMID: 28744268 PMCID: PMC5504144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) is a probiotic strain with proven efficacy in inducing and maintaining remission of ulcerative colitis. However, the microbial factors that mediate these beneficial effects are not fully known. Gram-negative bacteria release outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a direct pathway for delivering selected bacterial proteins and active compounds to the host. In fact, vesicles released by gut microbiota are emerging as key players in signaling processes in the intestinal mucosa. In the present study, the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model was used to investigate the potential of EcN OMVs to ameliorate mucosal injury and inflammation in the gut. The experimental protocol involved pre-treatment with OMVs for 10 days before DSS intake, and a 5-day recovery period. Oral administration of purified EcN OMVs (5 μg/day) significantly reduced DSS-induced weight loss and ameliorated clinical symptoms and histological scores. OMVs treatment counteracted altered expression of cytokines and markers of intestinal barrier function. This study shows for the first time that EcN OMVs can mediate the anti-inflammatory and barrier protection effects previously reported for this probiotic in experimental colitis. Remarkably, translation of probiotics to human healthcare requires knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in probiotic–host interactions. Thus, OMVs, as a non-replicative bacterial form, could be explored as a new probiotic-derived therapeutic approach, with even lower risk of adverse events than probiotic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-José Fábrega
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Microbiota Intestinal, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-Nogales
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - José Garrido-Mesa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Francesca Algieri
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Josefa Badía
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Microbiota Intestinal, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Rosa Giménez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Microbiota Intestinal, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Department of Pharmacology, ibs.GRANADA, Center for Biomedical Research, University of GranadaGranada, Spain
| | - Laura Baldomà
- Departament de Bioquímica i Fisiologia, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut de Biomedicina de la, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Microbiota Intestinal, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuEsplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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