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Huang Y, Wang F, Gong W, Chen Y. PPAR beta/gamma mediates the antihypertensive activity of a synbiotic preparation of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36157. [PMID: 39247358 PMCID: PMC11379581 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a global public health concern. A synbiotic preparation containing Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus has been used as adjunct therapy for hypertension. We sought to elucidate the antihypertensive activity of this preparation and explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods and results Blood pressure in rats was measured using the tail-cuff method. Colonization of the gastrointestinal tract by the two probiotics was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Mechanistic studies were performed by proteomic analyses based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and STRING database and metabolomic analyses using the UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS platform and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/γ antagonists. Although biochemical analysis of blood samples showed that the synbiotic preparation did not alter the levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, or cortisol, it significantly lowered the systolic blood pressure in the treatment group. Moreover, the synbiotic preparation contributed to the localization of the two probiotics in the ileum and colon of the treatment group. Proteomics, immunochemistry, and real-time qPCR analyses showed that administration of the synbiotic preparation activated the PPAR signaling pathway in the ileum and significantly upregulated PPARβ and PPARγ. The antagonist studies further confirmed this finding. In addition, metabolomic analyses demonstrated that among the 27 metabolites that showed significant differences between the control and model groups, administration of the synbiotic preparation significantly upregulated lysophosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine in the ileum of the treatment group. Conclusion The results of the study suggest that the novel synbiotic preparation reduces blood pressure by altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota, regulating PPAR signaling pathway, and activating the PPARβ and PPARγ cascade reactions in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Liaoning Jin Qiu Hospital, No.317 Xiaonan Street, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Nursing, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Food and Drug Inspection, Shenyang Joint Logistics Support Center Drug Instrument Supervision and Inspection Station, 53# Zhonggong Rd, Tiexi District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110026, China
| | - Yufeng Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, No.83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110016, China
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2
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Totoń-Żurańska J, Mikolajczyk TP, Saju B, Guzik TJ. Vascular remodelling in cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, oxidation, and inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:817-850. [PMID: 38920058 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optimal vascular structure and function are essential for maintaining the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Vascular remodelling involves changes in vessel structure, including its size, shape, cellular and molecular composition. These changes result from multiple risk factors and may be compensatory adaptations to sustain blood vessel function. They occur in diverse cardiovascular pathologies, from hypertension to heart failure and atherosclerosis. Dynamic changes in the endothelium, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes or other vascular wall cells underlie remodelling. In addition, immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, may infiltrate vessels and initiate inflammatory signalling. They contribute to a dynamic interplay between cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix reorganisation, all critical mechanisms of vascular remodelling. Molecular pathways underlying these processes include growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), reactive oxygen species, and signalling pathways, such as Rho/ROCK, MAPK, and TGF-β/Smad, related to nitric oxide and superoxide biology. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs are crucial epigenetic regulators of gene expression in vascular remodelling. We evaluate these pathways for potential therapeutic targeting from a clinical translational perspective. In summary, vascular remodelling, a coordinated modification of vascular structure and function, is crucial in cardiovascular disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Blessy Saju
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
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3
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Sigmund CD. The 2023 Walter B. Cannon Award Lecture: Mechanisms Regulating Vascular Function and Blood Pressure by the PPARγ-RhoBTB1-CUL3 Pathway. FUNCTION 2024; 5:zqad071. [PMID: 38196837 PMCID: PMC10775765 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Human genetic and clinical trial data suggest that peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a nuclear receptor transcription factor plays an important role in the regulation of arterial blood pressure. The examination of a series of novel animal models, coupled with transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, has revealed that PPARγ and its target genes employ diverse pathways to regulate vascular function and blood pressure. In endothelium, PPARγ target genes promote an antioxidant state, stimulating both nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and bioavailability, essential components of endothelial-smooth muscle communication. In vascular smooth muscle, PPARγ induces the expression of a number of genes that promote an antiinflammatory state and tightly control the level of cGMP, thus promoting responsiveness to endothelial-derived NO. One of the PPARγ targets in smooth muscle, Rho related BTB domain containing 1 (RhoBTB1) acts as a substrate adaptor for proteins to be ubiquitinated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-3 and targeted for proteasomal degradation. One of these proteins, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) is a target of the Cullin-3/RhoBTB1 pathway. Phosphodiesterase 5 degrades cGMP to GMP and thus regulates the smooth muscle response to NO. Moreover, expression of RhoBTB1 under condition of RhoBTB1 deficiency reverses established arterial stiffness. In conclusion, the coordinated action of PPARγ in endothelium and smooth muscle is needed to maintain NO bioavailability and activity, is an essential regulator of vasodilator/vasoconstrictor balance, and regulates blood vessel structure and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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4
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Mladenov M, Lubomirov L, Grisk O, Avtanski D, Mitrokhin V, Sazdova I, Keremidarska-Markova M, Danailova Y, Nikolaev G, Konakchieva R, Gagov H. Oxidative Stress, Reductive Stress and Antioxidants in Vascular Pathogenesis and Aging. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051126. [PMID: 37237992 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the mechanisms that regulate health, disease and aging redox status, the signal pathways that counteract oxidative and reductive stress, the role of food components and additives with antioxidant properties (curcumin, polyphenols, vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, etc.), and the role of the hormones irisin and melatonin in the redox homeostasis of animal and human cells. The correlations between the deviation from optimal redox conditions and inflammation, allergic, aging and autoimmune responses are discussed. Special attention is given to the vascular system, kidney, liver and brain oxidative stress processes. The role of hydrogen peroxide as an intracellular and paracrine signal molecule is also reviewed. The cyanotoxins β-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA), cylindrospermopsin, microcystins and nodularins are introduced as potentially dangerous food and environment pro-oxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitko Mladenov
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Institute of Biology, "Ss. Cyril and Methodius" University, P.O. Box 162, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lubomir Lubomirov
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Olaf Grisk
- Institute of Physiology, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Dimiter Avtanski
- Friedman Diabetes Institute, Lenox Hill Hospital, Northwell Health, 110 E 59th Street, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Vadim Mitrokhin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovityanova Street, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iliyana Sazdova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milena Keremidarska-Markova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yana Danailova
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Nikolaev
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rossitza Konakchieva
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Gagov
- Department of Animal and Human Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski", 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Kluknavsky M, Micurova A, Skratek M, Balis P, Okuliarova M, Manka J, Bernatova I. A Single Infusion of Polyethylene Glycol-Coated Superparamagnetic Magnetite Nanoparticles Alters Differently the Expressions of Genes Involved in Iron Metabolism in the Liver and Heart of Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051475. [PMID: 37242717 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated genotype- and tissue-related differences in the biodistribution of superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (IONs) into the heart and liver of normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats after a single i.v. infusion of polyethylene glycol-coated IONs (~30 nm, 1mg Fe/kg) 100 min post-infusion. The effects of IONs on the expression of selected genes involved in the regulation of iron metabolism, including Nos, Sod and Gpx4, and their possible regulation by nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2, encoded by Nfe2l2) and iron-regulatory protein (encoded by Irp1) were investigated. In addition, superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) production were determined. Results showed reduced ION incorporations into tissues of SHR compared to WKY and in the hearts compared to the livers. IONs reduced plasma corticosterone levels and NO production in the livers of SHR. Elevated superoxide production was found only in ION-treated WKY. Results also showed differences in the regulation of iron metabolism on the gene level in the heart and liver. In the hearts, gene expressions of Nos2, Nos3, Sod1, Sod2, Fpn, Tf, Dmt1 and Fth1 correlated with Irp1 but not with Nfe2l2, suggesting that their expression is regulated by mainly iron content. In the livers, expressions of Nos2, Nos3, Sod2, Gpx4, and Dmt1 correlated with Nfe2l2 but not with Irp1, suggesting a predominant effect of oxidative stress and/or NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Kluknavsky
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Micurova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Skratek
- Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jan Manka
- Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Bernatova
- Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Parab S, Setten E, Astanina E, Bussolino F, Doronzo G. The tissue-specific transcriptional landscape underlines the involvement of endothelial cells in health and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 246:108418. [PMID: 37088448 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) that line vascular and lymphatic vessels are being increasingly recognized as important to organ function in health and disease. ECs participate not only in the trafficking of gases, metabolites, and cells between the bloodstream and tissues but also in the angiocrine-based induction of heterogeneous parenchymal cells, which are unique to their specific tissue functions. The molecular mechanisms regulating EC heterogeneity between and within different tissues are modeled during embryogenesis and become fully established in adults. Any changes in adult tissue homeostasis induced by aging, stress conditions, and various noxae may reshape EC heterogeneity and induce specific transcriptional features that condition a functional phenotype. Heterogeneity is sustained via specific genetic programs organized through the combinatory effects of a discrete number of transcription factors (TFs) that, at the single tissue-level, constitute dynamic networks that are post-transcriptionally and epigenetically regulated. This review is focused on outlining the TF-based networks involved in EC specialization and physiological and pathological stressors thought to modify their architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushant Parab
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elisa Setten
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Elena Astanina
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
| | - Federico Bussolino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Doronzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, IT, Italy; Candiolo Cancer Institute-IRCCS-FPO, Candiolo, Torino, IT, Italy
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7
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Chen H, Tan H, Wan J, Zeng Y, Wang J, Wang H, Lu X. PPAR-γ signaling in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 245:108391. [PMID: 36963510 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), currently the leading cause of global chronic liver disease, has emerged as a major public health problem, more efficient therapeutics of which are thus urgently needed. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), ligand-activated transcription factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, is considered a crucial metabolic regulator of hepatic lipid metabolism and inflammation. The role of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is gradually being recognized. Here, we outline the involvement of PPAR-γ in the pathogenesis of NAFLD through adipogenesis, insulin resistance, inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and fibrosis. In addition, the evidence for PPAR-γ- targeted therapy for NAFLD are summarized. Altogether, PPAR-γ is a promising therapeutic target for NAFLD, and the development of drugs that can balance the beneficial and undesirable effects of PPAR-γ will bring new light to NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huabing Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Liver Disease Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Wan
- West China Center of Excellence for Pancreatitis, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine / West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jincheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haichuan Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Laboratory of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences and Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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8
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Beheshti F, Gholami M, Ghane Z, Nazari S E, Salari M, Shabab S, Hosseini M. PPARγ activation improved learning and memory and attenuated oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cortex of aged rats. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15538. [PMID: 36541251 PMCID: PMC9768666 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has an important role in brain aging and its consequences include cognitive decline and physiological disorders. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) activation has been suggested to decrease oxidative stress. In the current research, the effect of PPARγ activation by pioglitazone(Pio) on learning, memory and oxidative stress was evaluated in aged rats. The rats were divided into five groups. In the Control group, vehicle (saline-diluted dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)) and saline were injected instead of Pio and scopolamine (Sco), respectively. In the Sco group, the vehicle was injected instead of Pio and the rats were injected by Sco 30 min before the behavioral tests. In the Sco-Pio 10, Sco-Pio 20, and Sco-Pio 30 groups, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg Pio was injected and finally, the rats were injected with Sco 30 min before the behavioral tests. Morris water mater maze(MWM) and passive avoidance(PA) tests were carried out, and finally, the hippocampus and cortex were removed for biochemical assessments. The results showed that the highest dose of Pio decreased the traveling time and distance during 5 days of learning and increased the time and distance in the target area on the probe day of MWM. The highest dose of Pio also prolonged the delay time for entering the dark and total time spent in the light while decreasing the total time spent in and the number of entries into the dark in PA test. Pio especially, in the medium and highest doses, decreased MDA while increasing thiol, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the hippocampus and cortex. It is concluded that PPARγ activation by Pio as an agonist improved learning and memory in aged rats probably by attenuating oxidative stress in the hippocampus and cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research CenterTorbat Heydariyeh University of Medical SciencesTorbat HeydariyehIran
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical SciencesTorbat Heydariyeh University of Medical SciencesTorbat HeydariyehIran
| | - Masoumeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineArak University of Medical SciencesArakIran
| | - Zahra Ghane
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Seyedeh Elnaz Nazari
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Maryam Salari
- Neuroscience Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Sadegh Shabab
- Department of Physiology, School of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Applied Biomedical Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
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Guida F, Masetti R, Andreozzi L, Zama D, Fabi M, Meli M, Prete A, Lanari M. The Role of Nutrition in Primary and Secondary Prevention of Cardiovascular Damage in Childhood Cancer Survivors. Nutrients 2022; 14:3279. [PMID: 36014785 PMCID: PMC9415958 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative therapeutic strategies in childhood cancer led to a significant reduction in cancer-related mortality. Cancer survivors are a growing fragile population, at risk of long-term side effects of cancer treatments, thus requiring customized clinical attention. Antineoplastic drugs have a wide toxicity profile that can limit their clinical usage and spoil patients' life, even years after the end of treatment. The cardiovascular system is a well-known target of antineoplastic treatments, including anthracyclines, chest radiotherapy and new molecules, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. We investigated nutritional changes in children with cancer from the diagnosis to the end of treatment and dietary habits in cancer survivors. At diagnosis, children with cancer may present variable degrees of malnutrition, potentially affecting drug tolerability and prognosis. During cancer treatment, the usage of corticosteroids can lead to rapid weight gain, exposing children to overweight and obesity. Moreover, dietary habits and lifestyle often dramatically change in cancer survivors, who acquire sedentary behavior and weak adherence to dietary guidelines. Furthermore, we speculated on the role of nutrition in the primary prevention of cardiac damage, investigating the potential cardioprotective role of diet-derived compounds with antioxidative properties. Finally, we summarized practical advice to improve the dietary habits of cancer survivors and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorentina Guida
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Andreozzi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daniele Zama
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Fabi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Meli
- Specialty School of Paediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Prete
- Paediatric Oncology and Haematology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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10
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Baghcheghi Y, Beheshti F, Hosseini M, Gowhari-Shabgah A, Ali-Hassanzadeh M, Hedayati-Moghadam M. Cardiovascular protective effects of PPARγ agonists in hypothyroid rats: protection against oxidative stress. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:539-547. [PMID: 35722928 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2079669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism disturbs redox homeostasis and takes part in cardiovascular system dysfunction. Considering antioxidant and cardio-protective effects of PPAR-γ agonists including pioglitazone (POG) and rosiglitazone (RSG), the present study was aimed to determine the effect of POG or RSG on oxidants and antioxidants indexes in the heart and aorta tissues of Propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroid rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The animals were divided into six groups: (1) Control; (2) propylthiouracil (PTU), (3) PTU-POG 10, (4) PTU-POG 20, (5) PTU-RSG 2, and (6) PTU-RSG 4. Hypothyroidism was induced in rats by giving 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water for 42 days. The rats of PTU-POG 10 and PTU-POG 20 groups received 10 and 20 mg/kg POG, respectively, besides PTU, and the rats of PTU-RSG 2 and PTU-RSG 4 groups received 2 and 4 mg/kg RSG, respectively, besides PTU. The animals were sacrificed, and the serum of the rats was collected to measure thyroxine level. The heart and aorta tissues were also removed for the measurement of biochemical oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Hypothyroidism was induced by PTU administration, which was indicated by lower serum thyroxine levels. Hypothyroidism also was accompanied by a decrease of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and thiol concentration in the heart and aorta tissues while increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Interestingly, administration of POG or RSG dramatically reduced oxidative damage in the heart and aorta, as reflected by a decrease in MDA and increased activities of SOD, CAT, and thiol content. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that administration of POG or RSG decreased oxidative damage in the heart and aorta tissues induced by hypothyroidism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Ali-Hassanzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam
- Student Research Committee Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
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11
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Ertuglu LA, Elijovich F, Laffer CL, Kirabo A. Salt-Sensitivity of Blood Pressure and Insulin Resistance. Front Physiol 2021; 12:793924. [PMID: 34966295 PMCID: PMC8711096 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.793924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt sensitivity of blood pressure (SSBP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is seen in both hypertensive and normotensive populations. Insulin resistance (IR) strongly correlates with SSBP and affects nearly 50% of salt sensitive people. While the precise mechanism by which IR and SSBP relate remains elusive, several common pathways are involved in the genesis of both processes, including vascular dysfunction and immune activation. Vascular dysfunction associated with insulin resistance is characterized by loss of nitric oxide (NO)-mediated vasodilation and heightened endothelin-1 induced vasoconstriction, as well as capillary rarefaction. It manifests with increased blood pressure (BP) in salt sensitive murine models. Another common denominator in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, hypertension, and salt sensitivity (SS) is immune activation involving pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In the last decade, a new understanding of interstitial sodium storage in tissues such as skin and muscle has revolutionized traditional concepts of body sodium handling and pathogenesis of SS. We have shown that interstitial Na+ can trigger a T cell mediated inflammatory response through formation of isolevuglandin protein adducts in antigen presenting cells (APCs), and that this response is implicated in salt sensitive hypertension. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a transcription factor that modulates both insulin sensitivity and BP. PPARγ agonists increase insulin sensitivity and ameliorate salt sensitivity, whereas deficiency of PPARγ results in severe insulin resistance and hypertension. These findings suggest that PPARγ plays a role in the common pathogenesis of insulin sensitivity and salt sensitivity, perhaps via effects on the immune system and vascular function. The goal of this review is to discuss those mechanisms that may play a role in both SSBP and in insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lale A Ertuglu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fernando Elijovich
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cheryl L Laffer
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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12
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Mannan A, Garg N, Singh TG, Kang HK. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-Gamma (PPAR-ɣ): Molecular Effects and Its Importance as a Novel Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemic Injury. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2800-2831. [PMID: 34282491 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03402-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemic injury is a leading cause of death and long-term disability throughout the world. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-ɣ) is a ligand-activated nuclear transcription factor that is a member of the PPAR family. PPAR-ɣ has been shown in several in vitro and in vivo models to prevent post-ischemic inflammation and neuronal damage by negatively controlling the expression of genes modulated by cerebral ischemic injury, indicating a neuroprotective effect during cerebral ischemic injury. A extensive literature review of PubMed, Medline, Bentham, Scopus, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the nature of the extensive work done on the mechanistic role of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma and its modulation in Cerebral ischemic injury. PPAR-ɣ can interact with specific DNA response elements to control gene transcription and expression when triggered by its ligand. It regulates lipid metabolism, improves insulin sensitivity, modulates antitumor mechanisms, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits inflammation. This review article provides insights on the current state of research into the neuroprotective effects of PPAR-ɣ in cerebral ischemic injury, as well as the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these effects are modulated, such as inhibition of inflammation, reduction of oxidative stress, suppression of pro-apoptotic production, modulation of transcription factors, and restoration of injured tissue through neurogenesis and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashi Mannan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Nikhil Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | | | - Harmeet Kaur Kang
- Chitkara School of Health Sciences, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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13
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PPARγ increases HUWE1 to attenuate NF-κB/p65 and sickle cell disease with pulmonary hypertension. Blood Adv 2021; 5:399-413. [PMID: 33496741 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020002754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we defined the role of endothelial specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) function and novel PPARγ/HUWE1/miR-98 signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of SCD-PH. PH and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) were increased in chimeric Townes humanized sickle cell (SS) mice with endothelial-targeted PPARγ knockout (SSePPARγKO) compared with chimeric littermate control (SSLitCon). Lung levels of PPARγ, HUWE1, and miR-98 were reduced in SSePPARγKO mice compared with SSLitCon mice, whereas SSePPARγKO lungs were characterized by increased levels of p65, ET-1, and VCAM1. Collectively, these findings indicate that loss of endothelial PPARγ is sufficient to increase ET-1 and VCAM1 that contribute to endothelial dysfunction and SCD-PH pathogenesis. Levels of HUWE1 and miR-98 were decreased, and p65 levels were increased in the lungs of SS mice in vivo and in hemin-treated human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) in vitro. Although silencing of p65 does not regulate HUWE1 levels, the loss of HUWE1 increased p65 levels in HPAECs. Overexpression of PPARγ attenuated hemin-induced reductions of HUWE1 and miR-98 and increases in p65 and endothelial dysfunction. Similarly, PPARγ activation attenuated baseline PH and RVH and increased HUWE1 and miR-98 in SS lungs. In vitro, hemin treatment reduced PPARγ, HUWE1, and miR-98 levels and increased p65 expression, HPAEC monocyte adhesion, and proliferation. These derangements were attenuated by pharmacological PPARγ activation. Targeting these signaling pathways can favorably modulate a spectrum of pathobiological responses in SCD-PH pathogenesis, highlighting novel therapeutic targets in SCD pulmonary vascular dysfunction and PH.
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14
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Mansour HH, El Kiki SM, Ibrahim AB, Omran MM. Effect of l-carnitine on cardiotoxicity and apoptosis induced by imatinib through PDGF/ PPARγ /MAPK pathways. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108866. [PMID: 33844974 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib (IM) is used in the treatment of different varieties of cancers. The current study was designed to explore the beneficial role of l-carnitine against IM-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Male albino rats received IM (40 mg/kg, i.p.) either alone or/in combination with l-carnitine (100 mg/kg, i.p.) for 7 days. IM increased serum inflammatory cytokines, concomitant with activation of cardiac MAPK, α-SMA, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide(NO), decreased cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) content. The expression levels of Bcl-2 and PDGF were significantly decreased, while the expression levels of CTGF and BAX were significantly increased in the IM group. The l-carnitine treatment successfully protected the heart as indicated by the improvement of the biochemical and histopathological parameters. l-carnitine didn't affect the serum concentration of IM and increased intracellular concentration in the combination-treated group as measured by the mass spectrometer. Conclusion: l-carnitine abrogated IM-induced cardiac damage and apoptosis via PDGF/PPARγ/MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Mansour
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Shereen M El Kiki
- Health Radiation Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amel B Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, Zawiya, Libya.
| | - Mervat M Omran
- Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Egypt.
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15
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Fang S, Livergood MC, Nakagawa P, Wu J, Sigmund CD. Role of the Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors in Hypertension. Circ Res 2021; 128:1021-1039. [PMID: 33793338 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors represent a large family of ligand-activated transcription factors which sense the physiological environment and make long-term adaptations by mediating changes in gene expression. In this review, we will first discuss the fundamental mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate their transcriptional responses. We will focus on the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) family of adopted orphan receptors paying special attention to PPARγ, the isoform with the most compelling evidence as an important regulator of arterial blood pressure. We will review genetic data showing that rare mutations in PPARγ cause severe hypertension and clinical trial data which show that PPARγ activators have beneficial effects on blood pressure. We will detail the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs in the brain, kidney, vasculature, and immune system modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes, such as endothelial function. Finally, we will discuss the role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia, a life threatening form of hypertension during pregnancy. We will close with a viewpoint on future research directions and implications for developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Fang
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.,Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa (S.F.)
| | - M Christine Livergood
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.C.L.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Center (S.F., P.N., J.W., C.D.S.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
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16
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors as Molecular Links between Caloric Restriction and Circadian Rhythm. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113476. [PMID: 33198317 PMCID: PMC7696073 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm plays a chief role in the adaptation of all bodily processes to internal and environmental changes on the daily basis. Next to light/dark phases, feeding patterns constitute the most essential element entraining daily oscillations, and therefore, timely and appropriate restrictive diets have a great capacity to restore the circadian rhythm. One of the restrictive nutritional approaches, caloric restriction (CR) achieves stunning results in extending health span and life span via coordinated changes in multiple biological functions from the molecular, cellular, to the whole-body levels. The main molecular pathways affected by CR include mTOR, insulin signaling, AMPK, and sirtuins. Members of the family of nuclear receptors, the three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ take part in the modulation of these pathways. In this non-systematic review, we describe the molecular interconnection between circadian rhythm, CR-associated pathways, and PPARs. Further, we identify a link between circadian rhythm and the outcomes of CR on the whole-body level including oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging. Since PPARs contribute to many changes triggered by CR, we discuss the potential involvement of PPARs in bridging CR and circadian rhythm.
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17
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Szymanska M, Blitek A. In vivo response of the corpus luteum to progesterone treatment of gilts during early gestation. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106583. [PMID: 32882581 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Supplementation of progesterone (P4) in pregnant gilts increases concentrations of circulating P4 and stimulates the secretory activity of the endometrium. In this study, there was examination of the consequences of exogenous P4 administration on luteal P4 content and the expression of genes related to the corpus luteum (CL) function. Gilts with gonadotropin-induced estrus were administered daily injections of corn oil (n = 8) or P4 (n = 8) on days 3 through 10 after insemination. The animals were slaughtered on day 12 of pregnancy to obtain corpora lutea for real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses of selected genes and for enzyme immunoassay of P4. Injections with P4 had no effect on the concentration of P4 and the relative abundance of mRNA transcripts of cholesterol transport-related proteins, steroidogenic enzymes, and receptors for luteotropic factors in the luteal tissue. The abundance of prostaglandin (PG) endoperoxide synthase 2, PGI2 synthase, PGI2 receptor, fibroblast growth factor 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and tumor necrosis factor α receptor type I transcripts increased after P4 treatment. In contrast, the relative abundance of angiopoietin 2 mRNA decreased in response to P4 administration. In summary, P4 supplementation in pregnant gilts does not affect luteal steroidogenesis but modulates the abundance of factors related to vascular function. Given that the endometrium is the main target tissue for P4, an indirect uterine-mediated effect of exogenous P4 on CL function is likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szymanska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Blitek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
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18
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Han HL, Zhang JF, Yan EF, Shen MM, Wu JM, Gan ZD, Wei CH, Zhang LL, Wang T. Effects of taurine on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:5707-5717. [PMID: 33142488 PMCID: PMC7647726 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, antioxidant status, and lipid metabolism in broilers, 384 male broilers (Arbor Acres, 1 D of age) were randomly allocated into 4 groups with 8 replicates of 8 birds. Dietary treatments were supplemented with taurine at the level of 0.00, 2.50, 5.00, and 7.50 g/kg of the diet (denoted as CON, TAU1, TAU2, TAU3, respectively). The BW gain from 1 to 21 D and from 22 to 42 D were all increased linearly (linear, P < 0.001) by taurine supplementation. Throughout the trial period, the highest BW gain and favorable gain-to-feed ratio were observed in the TAU2 group. Taurine supplementation increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased (linear, P < 0.001) the content of malondialdehyde in both serum and the liver of broilers and alleviated oxidative damage through enhancing (P < 0.05) the hepatic genes expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Correspondingly, in serum, the activities of hepatic lipase and total lipase were decreased linearly and quadratically (linear and quadratic, P < 0.001) with the increasing inclusion of taurine in the diet. Meanwhile, in serum, the content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and except for TAU3, the total cholesterol content was also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by taurine supplementation. In addition, the hepatic content of triglycerides was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU1 and TAU2 groups. Compared with the CON group, the hepatic genes expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), silent 1, (SIRT1) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1) were all increased (P < 0.05), and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) expression was decreased (P < 0.05) in the TAU2 group. These results indicated that taurine supplementation improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and lipid metabolism of broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - J F Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - E F Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - M M Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - J M Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z D Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - C H Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - L L Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - T Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Jiangsu 210095, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an up-to-date understanding of how peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) exerts its cardioprotective effect in the vasculature through its activation of novel PPARγ target genes in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. RECENT FINDINGS In vascular endothelial cells, PPARγ plays a protective role by increasing nitric oxide bioavailability and preventing oxidative stress. RBP7 is a PPARγ target gene enriched in vascular endothelial cells, which is likely to form a positive feedback loop with PPARγ. In vascular smooth muscle cells, PPARγ antagonizes the renin-angiotensin system, maintains vascular integrity, suppresses vasoconstriction, and promotes vasodilation through distinct pathways. Rho-related BTB domain containing protein 1 (RhoBTB1) is a novel PPARγ gene target in vascular smooth muscle cells that mediates the protective effect of PPARγ by serving as a substrate adaptor between the Cullin-3 RING ubiquitin ligase and phosphodiesterase 5, thus restraining its activity through ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. SUMMARY In the vasculature, PPARγ exerts its cardioprotective effect through its transcriptional activity in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. From the understanding of PPARγ's transcription targets in those pathways, novel hypertension therapy target(s) will emerge.
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20
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Caloric Restriction-Common Pathways Affecting Metabolism, Health, and Longevity. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071708. [PMID: 32708786 PMCID: PMC7407644 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Caloric restriction (CR) is a traditional but scientifically verified approach to promoting health and increasing lifespan. CR exerts its effects through multiple molecular pathways that trigger major metabolic adaptations. It influences key nutrient and energy-sensing pathways including mammalian target of rapamycin, Sirtuin 1, AMP-activated protein kinase, and insulin signaling, ultimately resulting in reductions in basic metabolic rate, inflammation, and oxidative stress, as well as increased autophagy and mitochondrial efficiency. CR shares multiple overlapping pathways with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), particularly in energy metabolism and inflammation. Consequently, several lines of evidence suggest that PPARs might be indispensable for beneficial outcomes related to CR. In this review, we present the available evidence for the interconnection between CR and PPARs, highlighting their shared pathways and analyzing their interaction. We also discuss the possible contributions of PPARs to the effects of CR on whole organism outcomes.
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21
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Lane SL, Doyle AS, Bales ES, Houck JA, Lorca RA, Moore LG, Julian CG. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma blunts endothelin-1-mediated contraction of the uterine artery in a murine model of high-altitude pregnancy. FASEB J 2020; 34:4283-4292. [PMID: 31970838 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902264rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The environmental hypoxia of high altitude (HA) increases the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) approximately threefold. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ), a ligand-activated nuclear receptor that promotes vasorelaxation by increasing nitric oxide and downregulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) production, has been implicated in IUGR. Based on our prior work indicating that pharmacologic activation of the PPARγ pathway protects against hypoxia-associated IUGR, we used an experimental murine model to determine whether such effects may be attributed to vasodilatory effects in the uteroplacental circulation. Using wire myography, ex vivo vasoreactivity studies were conducted in uterine arteries (UtA) isolated from pregnant mice exposed to hypoxia or normoxia from gestational day 14.5 to 18.5. Exposure to troglitazone, a high-affinity PPARγ agonist-induced vasorelaxation in UtA preconstricted with phenylephrine, with HA-UtA showing increased sensitivity. Troglitazone blunted ET-1-induced contraction of UtA in hypoxic and normoxic dams equivalently. Immunohistological analysis revealed enhanced staining for ET-1 receptors in the placental labyrinthine zone in hypoxic compared to normoxic dams. Our results suggest that pharmacologic PPAR-γ activation, via its vasoactive properties, may protect the fetal growth under hypoxic conditions by improving uteroplacental perfusion and thereby justify further investigation into PPARγ as a therapeutic target for IUGR in pregnancies complicated by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney L Lane
- Integrated Physiology Program, University of Colorado Graduate School, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandrea S Doyle
- Department of Biochemistry, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - Elise S Bales
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Julie A Houck
- Department of Biochemistry, Colorado Mesa University, Grand Junction, CO, USA
| | - Ramón A Lorca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lorna G Moore
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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22
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Song C, Liu B, Xu P, Ge X, Zhang H. Emodin ameliorates metabolic and antioxidant capacity inhibited by dietary oxidized fish oil through PPARs and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in Wuchang bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 94:842-851. [PMID: 31585245 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dietary lipids and fatty acids are involved in cell metabolism and animal physiological regulation. However, oxidized lipids could induce oxidative stress and disorder normal growth and physiological health in fish. A 12-week rearing experiment with 6% fish oil (6F), 6% oxidized fish oil (6OF) and emodin supplemented diets (6F + E, 6OF + E) was conducted to evaluate the protective mechanism of emodin on oxidized fish oil stress in Megalobrama amblycephala. Results indicate that, under oxidized fish oil stress, emodin rescued the growth performance inhibition, improved special growth ratio (SGR), and reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR) and hepatosomatic index (HSI); rescued intestine histological impairment, ameliorated the structural expansion and membrane damage of mitochondria in intestine cells, and increased the length and intensity of intestinal villus. Moreover, emodin enhanced serum immune and antioxidant enzyme activity, increased metabolic activity through PPARs signaling, increased antioxidant capacity through PPARs and Nrf2-Keap1 signaling based on the transcriptional expression of specific genes. These results indicate emodin could be used as an effective immunostimulant to protect organism form oxidative stress induced by dietary oxidized lipid. This may provide insights for oxidized lipid prevention in aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyou Song
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China.
| | - Xianping Ge
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
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23
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Tseng V, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Redox Biology of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ in Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:874-897. [PMID: 30582337 PMCID: PMC6751396 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) maintains pulmonary vascular health through coordination of antioxidant defense systems, inflammation, and cellular metabolism. Insufficient PPARγ contributes to pulmonary hypertension (PH) pathogenesis, whereas therapeutic restoration of PPARγ activity attenuates PH in preclinical models. Recent Advances: Numerous studies in the past decade have elucidated the complex mechanisms by which PPARγ in the pulmonary vasculature and right ventricle (RV) protects against PH. The scope of PPARγ-interconnected pathways continues to expand and includes induction of antioxidant genes, transrepression of inflammatory signaling, regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetic integrity, control of cell cycle and proliferation, and regulation of vascular tone through interactions with nitric oxide and endogenous vasoactive molecules. Furthermore, PPARγ interacts with an extensive regulatory network of transcription factors and microRNAs leading to broad impact on cell signaling. Critical Issues: Abundant evidence suggests that targeting PPARγ exerts diverse salutary effects in PH and represents a novel and potentially translatable therapeutic strategy. However, progress has been slowed by an incomplete understanding of how specific PPARγ pathways are critically disrupted across PH disease subtypes and lack of optimal pharmacological ligands. Future Directions: Recent studies indicate that ligand-induced post-translational modifications of the PPARγ receptor differentially induce therapeutic benefits versus adverse side effects of PPARγ receptor activation. Strategies to selectively target PPARγ activity in diseased cells of pulmonary circulation and RV, coupled with development of ligands designed to specifically regulate post-translational PPARγ modifications, may unlock the full therapeutic potential of this versatile master transcriptional and metabolic regulator in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.,Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia
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Mukohda M. [Role of PPARγ, a transcription factor in cardiovascular disease]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2019; 154:56-60. [PMID: 31406043 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.154.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a ligand activated transcription factor known to regulate fatty acid metabolism. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs), PPARγ synthetic agonists, currently used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes, have been shown to lower the blood pressure and protect against vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In line with these findings, it has been reported that individuals with loss-of-function mutations of PPARγ developed sever early-onset hypertension in addition to metabolic abnormalities. Accumulating evidences suggest PPARγ in the vasculature has protective effects on cardiovascular disease despite unclear mechanism. Because of ubiquitous expression of PPARγ, TZDs are well-known to be associated with serious side effects such as weight gain, fluid retention, and bone fractures. Thus identification of mechanisms on tissue-specific PPARγ activity may lead to the development of targeted treatment which is characterized by no deleterious effects. This review discusses role of PPARγ in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Mukohda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science
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Baghcheghi Y, Salmani H, Beheshti F, Shafei MN, Sadeghnia HR, Soukhtanloo M, Ebrahimzadeh Bideskan A, Hosseini M. Effects of PPAR-γ agonist, pioglitazone on brain tissues oxidative damage and learning and memory impairment in juvenile hypothyroid rats. Int J Neurosci 2019; 129:1024-1038. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2019.1632843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Salmani
- Student Research Committee, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farimah Beheshti
- Department of Medical Basic Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naser Shafei
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sadeghnia
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Cazzaniga A, Locatelli L, Castiglioni S, Maier J. The Contribution of EDF1 to PPARγ Transcriptional Activation in VEGF-Treated Human Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19071830. [PMID: 29933613 PMCID: PMC6073190 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19071830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is important for maintaining healthy endothelium, which is crucial for vascular integrity. In this paper, we show that VEGF stimulates the nuclear translocation of endothelial differentiation-related factor 1 (EDF1), a highly conserved intracellular protein implicated in molecular events that are pivotal to endothelial function. In the nucleus, EDF1 serves as a transcriptional coactivator of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), which has a protective role in the vasculature. Indeed, silencing EDF1 prevents VEGF induction of PPARγ activity as detected by gene reporter assay. Accordingly, silencing EDF1 markedly inhibits the stimulatory effect of VEGF on the expression of FABP4, a PPARγ-inducible gene. As nitric oxide is a marker of endothelial function, it is noteworthy that we report a link between EDF1 silencing, decreased levels of FABP4, and nitric oxide production. We conclude that EDF1 is required for VEGF-induced activation of the transcriptional activity of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Cazzaniga
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Locatelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Castiglioni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20157 Milan, Italy.
| | - Jeanette Maier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20157 Milan, Italy.
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Shen ZX, Yang QZ, Li C, Du LJ, Sun XN, Liu Y, Sun JY, Gu HH, Sun YM, Wang J, Duan SZ. Myeloid peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma deficiency aggravates myocardial infarction in mice. Atherosclerosis 2018; 274:199-205. [PMID: 29800789 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) have been demonstrated to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) in clinical trials and animal experiments. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. We aimed to reveal the functions of myeloid Pparγ in MI and explore the potential mechanisms in this study. METHODS Myeloid Pparγ knockout (MPGKO) mice (n = 12) and control mice (n = 8) underwent coronary artery ligation to induce MI. Another cohort of MPGKO mice and control mice underwent coronary artery ligation and were then treated with IgG or neutralizing antibodies against interleukin (IL)-1β. Infarct size was determined by TTC staining and cardiac function was measured using echocardiography. Conditioned media from GW9662- or vehicle-treated macrophages were used to treat H9C2 cardiomyocyte cell line. Gene expression was analyzed using quantitative PCR. Reactive oxygen species were measured using flow cytometry. RESULTS Myeloid Pparγ deficiency significantly increased myocardial infarct size. Cardiac hypertrophy was also exacerbated in MPGKO mice, with upregulation of β-myosin heavy chain (Mhc) and brain natriuretic peptide (Bnp) and downregulation of α-Mhc in the non-infarcted zone. Conditioned media from GW9662-treated macrophages increased expression of β-Mhc and Bnp in H9C2 cells. Echocardiographic measurements showed that MPGKO mice had worsen cardiac dysfunction after MI. Myeloid Pparγ deficiency increased gene expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (Nox2 and Nox4) in the non-infarcted zone after MI. Conditioned media from GW9662-treated macrophages increased reactive oxygen species in H9C2 cells. Expression of inflammatory genes such as IL-1β and IL-6 was upregulated in the non-infarcted zone of MPGKO mice after MI. With the injection of neutralizing antibodies against IL-1β, control mice and MPGKO mice had comparable cardiac function and expression of inflammatory genes after MI. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid Pparγ deficiency exacerbates MI, likely through increased oxidative stress and cardiac inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Xia Shen
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Qing-Zhen Yang
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Chao Li
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xue-Nan Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China; Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China
| | - Hui-Hui Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yu-Min Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Ninth People's Hospital, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200125, China.
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Boerman EM, Sen S, Shaw RL, Joshi T, Segal SS. Gene expression profiles of ion channels and receptors in mouse resistance arteries: Effects of cell type, vascular bed, and age. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12452. [PMID: 29577514 PMCID: PMC5949082 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Receptors and ion channels of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are integral to the regulation of vessel diameter and tissue blood flow. Physiological roles of ion channels and receptors in skeletal muscle and mesenteric arteries have been identified; however, their gene expression profiles are undefined. We tested the hypothesis that expression profiles for ion channels and receptors governing vascular reactivity vary with cell type, vascular bed, and age. METHODS Mesenteric and superior epigastric arteries were dissected from Old (24-26 months) and Young (3-6 months) C57BL/6J mice. ECs and SMCs were collected for analysis with custom qRT-PCR arrays to determine expression profiles of 80 ion channel and receptor genes. Bioinformatics analyses were applied to gain insight into functional interactions. RESULTS We identified 68 differences in gene expression with respect to cell type, vessel type, and age. Heat maps illustrate differential expression, and distance matrices predict patterns of coexpression. Gene networks based upon protein-protein interaction datasets and KEGG pathways illustrate biological processes affected by specific differences in gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Differences in gene expression profiles are most pronounced between microvascular ECs and SMCs with subtle variations between vascular beds and age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Boerman
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Sidharth Sen
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Rebecca L. Shaw
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
| | - Trupti Joshi
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
- Health Management and Informatics and Office of Research, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211
| | - Steven S. Segal
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, Columbia, MO 65211
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Kang BY, Park K, Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Sutliff RL, Archer D, Hart CM. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates the V-Ets Avian Erythroblastosis Virus E26 Oncogene Homolog 1/microRNA-27a Axis to Reduce Endothelin-1 and Endothelial Dysfunction in the Sickle Cell Mouse Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 56:131-144. [PMID: 27612006 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0166oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH), a serious complication of sickle cell disease (SCD), causes significant morbidity and mortality. Although a recent study determined that hemin release during hemolysis triggers endothelial dysfunction in SCD, the pathogenesis of SCD-PH remains incompletely defined. This study examines peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) regulation in SCD-PH and endothelial dysfunction. PH and right ventricular hypertrophy were studied in Townes humanized sickle cell (SS) and littermate control (AA) mice. In parallel studies, SS or AA mice were gavaged with the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone (RSG), 10 mg/kg/day, or vehicle for 10 days. In vitro, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were treated with vehicle or hemin for 72 hours, and selected HPAECs were treated with RSG. SS mice developed PH and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with reduced lung levels of PPARγ and increased levels of microRNA-27a (miR-27a), v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and markers of endothelial dysfunction (platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 and E selectin). HPAECs treated with hemin had increased ETS1, miR-27a, ET-1, and endothelial dysfunction and decreased PPARγ levels. These derangements were attenuated by ETS1 knockdown, inhibition of miR-27a, or PPARγ overexpression. In SS mouse lung or in hemin-treated HPAECs, activation of PPARγ with RSG attenuated reductions in PPARγ and increases in miR-27a, ET-1, and markers of endothelial dysfunction. In SCD-PH pathogenesis, ETS1 stimulates increases in miR-27a levels that reduce PPARγ and increase ET-1 and endothelial dysfunction. PPARγ activation attenuated SCD-associated signaling derangements, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach to attenuate SCD-PH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Yong Kang
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Kathy Park
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Jennifer M Kleinhenz
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
| | - David Archer
- 2 Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- 1 Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia; and
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Hu C, Keen HL, Lu KT, Liu X, Wu J, Davis DR, Ibeawuchi SRC, Vogel S, Quelle FW, Sigmund CD. Retinol-binding protein 7 is an endothelium-specific PPAR γ cofactor mediating an antioxidant response through adiponectin. JCI Insight 2017; 2:e91738. [PMID: 28352663 PMCID: PMC5358481 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.91738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired PPARγ activity in endothelial cells causes oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction which causes a predisposition to hypertension, but the identity of key PPARγ target genes that protect the endothelium remain unclear. Retinol-binding protein 7 (RBP7) is a PPARγ target gene that is essentially endothelium specific. Whereas RBP7-deficient mice exhibit normal endothelial function at baseline, they exhibit severe endothelial dysfunction in response to cardiovascular stressors, including high-fat diet and subpressor angiotensin II. Endothelial dysfunction was not due to differences in weight gain, impaired glucose homeostasis, or hepatosteatosis, but occurred through an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism which can be rescued by scavengers of superoxide. RNA sequencing revealed that RBP7 was required to mediate induction of a subset of PPARγ target genes by rosiglitazone in the endothelium including adiponectin. Adiponectin was selectively induced in the endothelium of control mice by high-fat diet and rosiglitazone, whereas RBP7 deficiency abolished this induction. Adiponectin inhibition caused endothelial dysfunction in control vessels, whereas adiponectin treatment of RBP7-deficient vessels improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced oxidative stress. We conclude that RBP7 is required to mediate the protective effects of PPARγ in the endothelium through adiponectin, and RBP7 is an endothelium-specific PPARγ target and regulator of PPARγ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Silke Vogel
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology.,UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Protective Effect of PPAR γ Agonists on Cerebellar Tissues Oxidative Damage in Hypothyroid Rats. Neurol Res Int 2016; 2016:1952561. [PMID: 28116157 PMCID: PMC5220477 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1952561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonists on cerebellar tissues oxidative damage in hypothyroid rats. The animals included seven groups: group I (control), the animals received drinking water; group II, the animals received 0.05% propylthiouracil (PTU) in drinking water; besides PTU, the animals in groups III, IV, V, VI, and VII, were injected with 20 mg/kg vitamin E (Vit E), 10 or 20 mg/kg pioglitazone, and 2 or 4 mg/kg rosiglitazone, respectively. The animals were deeply anesthetized and the cerebellar tissues were removed for biochemical measurements. PTU administration reduced thiol content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities in the cerebellar tissues while increasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) metabolites. Vit E, pioglitazone, and rosiglitazone increased thiol, SOD, and CAT in the cerebellar tissues while reducing MDA and NO metabolites. The results of present study showed that, similar to Vit E, both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone as PPARγ agonists exerted protective effects against cerebellar tissues oxidative damage in hypothyroid rats.
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Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Ethyl Ester Protects against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Liver Injury and Hematologic Alterations via Upregulation of PPAR γ and Attenuation of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:4016209. [PMID: 28074115 PMCID: PMC5198194 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4016209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-glutamylcysteine ethyl ester (GCEE) is a precursor of glutathione (GSH) with promising hepatoprotective effects. This investigation aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of GCEE against cyclophosphamide- (CP-) induced toxicity, pointing to the possible role of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Wistar rats were given GCEE two weeks prior to CP. Five days after CP administration, animals were sacrificed and samples were collected. Pretreatment with GCEE significantly alleviated CP-induced liver injury by reducing serum aminotransferases, increasing albumin, and preventing histopathological and hematological alterations. GCEE suppressed lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide production and restored GSH and enzymatic antioxidants in the liver, which were associated with downregulation of COX-2, iNOS, and NF-κB. In addition, CP administration significantly increased serum proinflammatory cytokines and the expression of liver caspase-3 and BAX, an effect that was reversed by GCEE. CP-induced rats showed significant downregulation of PPARγ which was markedly upregulated by GCEE treatment. These data demonstrated that pretreatment with GCEE protected against CP-induced hepatotoxicity, possibly by activating PPARγ, preventing GSH depletion, and attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Our findings point to the role of PPARγ and suggest that GCEE might be a promising agent for the prevention of CP-induced liver injury.
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Goltsman I, Khoury EE, Winaver J, Abassi Z. Does Thiazolidinedione therapy exacerbate fluid retention in congestive heart failure? Pharmacol Ther 2016; 168:75-97. [PMID: 27598860 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ever-growing global burden of congestive heart failure (CHF) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as their co-existence necessitate that anti-diabetic pharmacotherapy will modulate the cardiovascular risk inherent to T2DM while complying with the accompanying restrictions imposed by CHF. The thiazolidinedione (TZD) family of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists initially provided a promising therapeutic option in T2DM owing to anti-diabetic efficacy combined with pleiotropic beneficial cardiovascular effects. However, the utility of TZDs in T2DM has declined in the past decade, largely due to concomitant adverse effects of fluid retention and edema formation attributed to salt-retaining effects of PPARγ activation on the nephron. Presumably, the latter effects are potentially deleterious in the context of pre-existing fluid retention in CHF. However, despite a considerable body of evidence on mechanisms responsible for TZD-induced fluid retention suggesting that this class of drugs is rightfully prohibited from use in CHF patients, there is a paucity of experimental and clinical studies that investigate the effects of TZDs on salt and water homeostasis in the CHF setting. In an attempt to elucidate whether TZDs actually exacerbate the pre-existing fluid retention in CHF, our review summarizes the pathophysiology of fluid retention in CHF. Moreover, we thoroughly review the available data on TZD-induced fluid retention and proposed mechanisms in animals and patients. Finally, we will present recent studies challenging the common notion that TZDs worsen renal salt and water retention in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Goltsman
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Emad E Khoury
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joseph Winaver
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zaid Abassi
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Systems Biology, The Bruce Rappaport, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Rambam Human Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.
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Yeligar SM, Mehta AJ, Harris FL, Brown LAS, Hart CM. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Regulates Chronic Alcohol-Induced Alveolar Macrophage Dysfunction. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 55:35-46. [PMID: 26677910 PMCID: PMC4942203 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2015-0077oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ is critical for alveolar macrophage (AM) function. Chronic alcohol abuse causes AM phagocytic dysfunction and susceptibility to respiratory infections by stimulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidases (Nox), transforming growth factor-β1, and oxidative stress in the AM. Because PPARγ inhibits Nox expression, we hypothesized that alcohol reduces PPARγ, stimulating AM dysfunction. AMs were examined from: (1) patients with alcoholism or control patients; (2) a mouse model of chronic ethanol consumption; (3) PPARγ knockout mice; or (4) MH-S cells exposed to ethanol in vitro. Alcohol reduced AM PPARγ levels and increased Nox1, -2, and -4, transforming growth factor-β1, oxidative stress, and phagocytic dysfunction. Genetic loss of PPARγ recapitulated, whereas stimulating PPARγ activity attenuated alcohol-mediated alterations in gene expression and phagocytic function, supporting the importance of PPARγ in alcohol-induced AM derangements. Similarly, PPARγ activation in vivo reduced alcohol-mediated impairments in lung bacterial clearance. Alcohol increased levels of microRNA-130a/-301a, which bind to the PPARγ 3' untranslated region to reduce PPARγ expression. MicroRNA-130a/-301a inhibition attenuated alcohol-mediated PPARγ reductions and derangements in AM gene expression and function. Alcohol-induced Toll-like receptor 4 endocytosis was reversed by PPARγ activation. These findings demonstrate that targeting PPARγ provides a novel therapeutic approach for mitigating alcohol-induced AM derangements and susceptibility to lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Yeligar
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Georgia
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Ashish J. Mehta
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia
| | - Frank L. Harris
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lou Ann S. Brown
- Emory University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Emory and Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Center for Developmental Lung Biology, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C. Michael Hart
- Emory University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Decatur, Georgia
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35
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Kang BY, Park KK, Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Green DE, Bijli KM, Yeligar SM, Carthan KA, Searles CD, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ and microRNA 98 in Hypoxia-Induced Endothelin-1 Signaling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2016; 54:136-46. [PMID: 26098770 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2014-0337oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays a critical role in endothelial dysfunction and contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (PH). We hypothesized that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) stimulates microRNAs that inhibit ET-1 and pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) proliferation. The objective of this study was to clarify molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ regulates ET-1 expression in vitro and in vivo. In PAECs isolated from patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, microRNA (miR)-98 expression was reduced, and ET-1 protein levels and proliferation were increased. Similarly, hypoxia reduced miR-98 and increased ET-1 levels and PAEC proliferation in vitro. In vivo, hypoxia reduced miR-98 expression and increased ET-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) levels in mouse lung, derangements that were aggravated by treatment with the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor antagonist Sugen5416. Reporter assays confirmed that miR-98 binds directly to the ET-1 3'-untranslated region. Compared with littermate control mice, miR-98 levels were reduced and ET-1 and PCNA expression were increased in lungs from endothelial-targeted PPARγ knockout mice, whereas miR-98 levels were increased and ET-1 and PCNA expression was reduced in lungs from endothelial-targeted PPARγ-overexpression mice. Gain or loss of PPARγ function in PAECs in vitro confirmed that alterations in PPARγ were sufficient to regulate miR-98, ET-1, and PCNA expression. Finally, PPARγ activation with rosiglitazone regimens that attenuated hypoxia-induced PH in vivo and human PAEC proliferation in vitro restored miR-98 levels. The results of this study show that PPARγ regulates miR-98 to modulate ET-1 expression and PAEC proliferation. These results further clarify molecular mechanisms by which PPARγ participates in PH pathogenesis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Yong Kang
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathy K Park
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer M Kleinhenz
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - David E Green
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kaiser M Bijli
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Samantha M Yeligar
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kristal A Carthan
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Charles D Searles
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - C Michael Hart
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs, and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, Georgia
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Abstract
Dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activity leads to significant alterations in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. This is most keenly observed by the metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes exhibited by patients carrying mutations in PPARγ. We will summarize recent findings regarding mechanisms of PPARγ regulation in the cardiovascular and nervous systems focusing largely on PPARγ in the smooth muscle, endothelium, and brain. Canonically, PPARγ exerts its effects by regulating the expression of target genes in these cells, and we will discuss mechanisms by which PPARγ targets in the vasculature regulate cardiovascular function. We will also discuss emerging evidence that PPARγ in the brain is a mediator of appetite and obesity. Finally, we will briefly review how novel PPARγ activators control posttranslational modifications of PPARγ and their prospects to offer new therapeutic options for treatment of metabolic diseases without the adverse side effects of thiazolidinediones which strongly activate transcriptional activity of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeliene Stump
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Masashi Mukohda
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Kotlinowski J, Jozkowicz A. PPAR Gamma and Angiogenesis: Endothelial Cells Perspective. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:8492353. [PMID: 28053991 PMCID: PMC5174176 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8492353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We summarize the current knowledge concerning PPARγ function in angiogenesis. We discuss the mechanisms of action for PPARγ and its role in vasculature development and homeostasis, focusing on endothelial cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Kotlinowski
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- *Alicja Jozkowicz:
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38
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Hu C, Lu KT, Mukohda M, Davis DR, Faraci FM, Sigmund CD. Interference with PPARγ in endothelium accelerates angiotensin II-induced endothelial dysfunction. Physiol Genomics 2015; 48:124-34. [PMID: 26534936 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00087.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ligand activated nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the endothelium regulates vascular function and blood pressure (BP). We previously reported that transgenic mice (E-V290M) with selectively targeted endothelial-specific expression of dominant negative PPARγ exhibited endothelial dysfunction when treated with a high-fat diet, and exhibited an augmented pressor response to angiotensin II (ANG II). We hypothesize that interference with endothelial PPARγ would exacerbate ANG II-induced endothelial dysfunction. Endothelial function was examined in E-V290M mice infused with a subpressor dose of ANG II (120 ng·kg(-1)·min(-1)) or saline for 2 wk. ANG II infusion significantly impaired the responses to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine both in basilar and carotid arteries from E-V290M but not NT mice. This impairment was not due to increased BP, which was not significantly different in ANG II-infused E-V290M compared with NT mice. Superoxide levels, and expression of the pro-oxidant Nox2 gene was elevated, whereas expression of the anti-oxidant genes Catalase and SOD3 decreased in carotid arteries from ANG II-infused E-V290M mice. Increased p65 and decreased Iκ-Bα suggesting increased NF-κB activity was also observed in aorta from ANG II-infused E-V290M mice. The responses to acetylcholine were significantly improved both in basilar and carotid arteries after treatment with Tempol (1 mmol/l), a scavenger of superoxide. These findings provide evidence that interference with endothelial PPARγ accelerates ANG II-mediated endothelial dysfunction both in cerebral and conduit arteries through an oxidative stress-dependent mechanism, suggesting a role for endothelial PPARγ in protecting against ANG II-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Masashi Mukohda
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Deborah R Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frank M Faraci
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Pokutta-Paskaleva AP, Gleason RL, Lyle AN, Taylor WR, Blount MA, Cheng J, Yang Q, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Smooth Muscle-Targeted Overexpression of Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor-γ Disrupts Vascular Wall Structure and Function. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139756. [PMID: 26451838 PMCID: PMC4599849 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the nuclear hormone receptor, PPARγ, with pharmacological agonists promotes a contractile vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and reduces oxidative stress and cell proliferation, particularly under pathological conditions including vascular injury, restenosis, and atherosclerosis. However, pharmacological agonists activate both PPARγ-dependent and -independent mechanisms in multiple cell types confounding efforts to clarify the precise role of PPARγ in smooth muscle cell structure and function in vivo. We, therefore, designed and characterized a mouse model with smooth muscle cell-targeted PPARγ overexpression (smPPARγOE). Our results demonstrate that smPPARγOE attenuated contractile responses in aortic rings, increased aortic compliance, caused aortic dilatation, and reduced mean arterial pressure. Molecular characterization revealed that compared to littermate control mice, aortas from smPPARγOE mice expressed lower levels of contractile proteins and increased levels of adipocyte-specific transcripts. Morphological analysis demonstrated increased lipid deposition in the vascular media and in smooth muscle of extravascular tissues. In vitro adenoviral-mediated PPARγ overexpression in human aortic smooth muscle cells similarly increased adipocyte markers and lipid uptake. The findings demonstrate that smooth muscle PPARγ overexpression disrupts vascular wall structure and function, emphasizing that balanced PPARγ activity is essential for vascular smooth muscle homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Kleinhenz
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Tamara C. Murphy
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - W. Robert Taylor
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Juan Cheng
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Qinglin Yang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Hart
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA, United States of America
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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40
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Molecular mechanisms regulating vascular tone by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2015; 24:123-30. [PMID: 25587903 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent findings on the regulation of vascular tone by the nuclear receptor transcription factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) γ. Much of the recent work utilizes genetic tools to interrogate the significance of PPARγ in endothelial and smooth muscle cells and novel PPARγ target genes have been identified. RECENT FINDINGS Endothelial PPARγ prevents inflammation and oxidative stress, while promoting vasodilation by controlling the regulation of NADPH oxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase gene expression. Moreover, the protective functions of endothelial PPARγ appear more prominent during disease conditions. Novel findings also suggest a role for endothelial PPARγ as a mediator of whole body metabolism. In smooth muscle cells, PPARγ regulates vascular tone by targeting genes involved with contraction and relaxation signaling cascades, some of which is via transcriptional activation, and some through novel mechanisms regulating protein turnover. Furthermore, aberrant changes in renin-angiotensin system components and exacerbated responses to angiotensin II induced vascular dysfunction are observed when PPARγ function is lost in smooth muscle cells. SUMMARY With these recent advances based partially on lessons from patients with PPARγ mutants, we conclude that vascular PPARγ is protective and plays an important role in the regulation of vascular tone.
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41
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Bijli KM, Kleinhenz JM, Murphy TC, Kang BY, Adesina SE, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma depletion stimulates Nox4 expression and human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 80:111-20. [PMID: 25557278 PMCID: PMC4355175 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia stimulates pulmonary hypertension (PH) in part by increasing the proliferation of pulmonary vascular wall cells. Recent evidence suggests that signaling events involved in hypoxia-induced cell proliferation include sustained nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, increased NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, and downregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) levels. To further understand the role of reduced PPARγ levels associated with PH pathobiology, siRNA was employed to reduce PPARγ levels in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMC) in vitro under normoxic conditions. PPARγ protein levels were reduced to levels comparable to those observed under hypoxic conditions. Depletion of PPARγ for 24-72 h activated mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK 1/2, and NF-κB. Inhibition of ERK 1/2 prevented NF-κB activation caused by PPARγ depletion, indicating that ERK 1/2 lies upstream of NF-κB activation. Depletion of PPARγ for 72 h increased NF-κB-dependent Nox4 expression and H2O2 production. Inhibition of NF-κB or Nox4 attenuated PPARγ depletion-induced HPASMC proliferation. Degradation of PPARγ depletion-induced H2O2 by PEG-catalase prevented HPASMC proliferation and also ERK 1/2 and NF-κB activation and Nox4 expression, indicating that H2O2 participates in feed-forward activation of the above signaling events. Contrary to the effects of PPARγ depletion, HPASMC PPARγ overexpression reduced ERK 1/2 and NF-κB activation, Nox4 expression, and cell proliferation. Taken together these findings provide novel evidence that PPARγ plays a central role in the regulation of the ERK1/2-NF-κB-Nox4-H2O2 signaling axis in HPASMC. These results indicate that reductions in PPARγ caused by pathophysiological stimuli such as prolonged hypoxia exposure are sufficient to promote the proliferation of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells observed in PH pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiser M Bijli
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kleinhenz
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Tamara C Murphy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Bum-Yong Kang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Sherry E Adesina
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - Roy L Sutliff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA
| | - C Michael Hart
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs and Emory University Medical Centers, Atlanta, GA 30033, USA.
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Chen Y, Zhong Z, Xue J, Yang J, Zhang Q, Yue J, Zhang H. DNA microarray analysis of the antihypertensive effect of milk fermented by Lactobacillus helveticus H9 on spontaneously hypertensive rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13594-015-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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43
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Carrillo-Sepulveda MA, Keen HL, Davis DR, Grobe JL, Sigmund CD. Role of vascular smooth muscle PPARγ in regulating AT1 receptor signaling and angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103786. [PMID: 25122005 PMCID: PMC4133177 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been reported to play a protective role in the vasculature; however, the underlying mechanisms involved are not entirely known. We previously showed that vascular smooth muscle-specific overexpression of a dominant negative human PPARγ mutation in mice (S-P467L) leads to enhanced myogenic tone and increased angiotensin-II-dependent vasoconstriction. S-P467L mice also exhibit increased arterial blood pressure. Here we tested the hypotheses that a) mesenteric smooth muscle cells isolated from S-P467L mice exhibit enhanced angiotensin-II AT1 receptor signaling, and b) the increased arterial pressure of S-P467L mice is angiotensin-II AT1 receptor dependent. Phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) was robustly increased in mesenteric artery smooth muscle cell cultures from S-P467L in response to angiotensin-II. The increase in ERK1/2 activation by angiotensin-II was blocked by losartan, a blocker of AT1 receptors. Angiotensin-II-induced ERK1/2 activation was also blocked by Tempol, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species, and correlated with increased Nox4 protein expression. To investigate whether endogenous renin-angiotensin system activity contributes to the elevated arterial pressure in S-P467L, non-transgenic and S-P467L mice were treated with the AT1 receptor blocker, losartan (30 mg/kg per day), for 14-days and arterial pressure was assessed by radiotelemetry. At baseline S-P467L mice showed a significant increase of systolic arterial pressure (142.0±10.2 vs 129.1±3.0 mmHg, p<0.05). Treatment with losartan lowered systolic arterial pressure in S-P467L (132.2±6.9 mmHg) to a level similar to untreated non-transgenic mice. Losartan also lowered arterial pressure in non-transgenic (113.0±3.9 mmHg) mice, such that there was no difference in the losartan-induced depressor response between groups (−13.53±1.39 in S-P467L vs −16.16±3.14 mmHg in non-transgenic). Our results suggest that interference with PPARγ in smooth muscle: a) causes enhanced angiotensin-II AT1 receptor-mediated ERK1/2 activation in resistance vessels, b) and may elevate arterial pressure through both angiotensin-II AT1 receptor-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Animals
- Arterial Pressure/drug effects
- Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypertension/drug therapy
- Hypertension/metabolism
- Losartan/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Vasoconstriction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alicia Carrillo-Sepulveda
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Henry L. Keen
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Deborah R. Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and A. Lucille Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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44
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Onuma H, Inukai K, Kitahara A, Moriya R, Nishida S, Tanaka T, Katsuta H, Takahashi K, Sumitani Y, Hosaka T, Ishida H. The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist enhances intrinsic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activity in endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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45
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Borges GR, Morgan DA, Ketsawatsomkron P, Mickle AD, Thompson AP, Cassell MD, Mohapatra DP, Rahmouni K, Sigmund CD. Interference with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ in vascular smooth muscle causes baroreflex impairment and autonomic dysfunction. Hypertension 2014; 64:590-6. [PMID: 24914194 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.03553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
S-P467L mice expressing dominant negative peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ selectively in vascular smooth muscle exhibit impaired vasodilation, augmented vasoconstriction, hypertension, and tachycardia. We hypothesized that tachycardia in S-P467L mice is a result of baroreflex dysfunction. S-P467L mice displayed increased sympathetic traffic to the heart and decreased baroreflex gain and effectiveness. Carotid arteries exhibited inward remodeling but no changes in distensibility or stress/strain. Aortic depressor nerve activity in response to increased arterial pressure was blunted in S-P467L mice. However, the arterial pressure and heart rate responses to aortic depressor nerve stimulation were unaltered in S-P467L mice, suggesting that the central and efferent limbs of the baroreflex arc remain intact. There was no transgene expression in nodose ganglion and no change in expression of the acid-sensing ion channel-2 or -3 in nodose ganglion. There was a trend toward decreased expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor mRNA in nodose ganglion, but no difference in the immunochemical staining of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor in the termination area of the left aortic depressor nerve in S-P467L mice. Although there was no difference in the maximal calcium response to capsaicin in cultured nodose neurons from S-P467L mice, there was decreased desensitization of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 receptor channels. In conclusion, S-P467L mice exhibit baroreflex dysfunction because of a defect in the afferent limb of the baroreflex arc caused by impaired vascular function, altered vascular structure, or compromised neurovascular coupling. These findings implicate vascular smooth muscle peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ as a critical determinant of neurovascular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulianna R Borges
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Donald A Morgan
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Pimonrat Ketsawatsomkron
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Aaron D Mickle
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Anthony P Thompson
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Martin D Cassell
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Durga P Mohapatra
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Kamal Rahmouni
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- From the Department of Pharmacology (G.R.B., D.A.M., P.K., A.D.M., D.P.M., K.R., C.D.S.), Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology (A.P.T., M.D.C.), and Center on the Functional Genomics of Hypertension (K.R., C.D.S.), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City.
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d'Uscio LV, He T, Santhanam AVR, Tai LJ, Evans RM, Katusic ZS. Mechanisms of vascular dysfunction in mice with endothelium-specific deletion of the PPAR-δ gene. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H1001-10. [PMID: 24486511 PMCID: PMC3962632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00761.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-δ is a nuclear hormone receptor that is mainly involved in lipid metabolism. Recent studies have suggested that PPAR-δ agonists exert vascular protective effects. The present study was designed to characterize vascular function in mice with genetic inactivation of PPAR-δ in the endothelium. Mice with vascular endothelial cell-specific deletion of the PPAR-δ gene (ePPARδ(-/-) mice) were generated using loxP/Cre technology. ePPARδ(-/-) mice were normotensive and did not display any sign of metabolic syndrome. Endothelium-dependent relaxations to ACh and endothelium-independent relaxations to the nitric oxide (NO) donor diethylammonium (Z)-1-(N,N-diethylamino)diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate were both significantly impaired in the aorta and carotid arteries of ePPARδ(-/-) mice (P < 0.05). In ePPARδ(-/-) mouse aortas, phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase at Ser(1177) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). However, basal levels of cGMP were unexpectedly increased (P < 0.05). Enzymatic activity of GTP-cyclohydrolase I and tetrahydrobiopterin levels were also enhanced in ePPARδ(-/-) mice (P < 0.05). Most notably, endothelium-specific deletion of the PPAR-δ gene significantly decreased protein expressions of catalase and glutathione peroxidase 1 and resulted in increased levels of H2O2 in the aorta (P < 0.05). In contrast, superoxide anion production was unaltered. Moreover, treatment with catalase prevented the endothelial dysfunction and elevation of cGMP detected in aortas of ePPARδ(-/-) mice. The findings suggest that increased levels of cGMP caused by H2O2 impair vasodilator reactivity to endogenous and exogenous NO. We speculate that chronic elevation of H2O2 predisposes PPAR-δ-deficient arteries to oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livius V d'Uscio
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota; and
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Dovinová I, Barancik M, Majzunova M, Zorad S, Gajdosechová L, Gresová L, Cacanyiova S, Kristek F, Balis P, Chan JYH. Effects of PPAR γ Agonist Pioglitazone on Redox-Sensitive Cellular Signaling in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:541871. [PMID: 24454335 PMCID: PMC3880766 DOI: 10.1155/2013/541871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PPAR γ receptor plays an important role in oxidative stress response. Its agonists can influence vascular contractility in experimental hypertension. Our study was focused on the effects of a PPAR γ agonist pioglitazone (PIO) on blood pressure regulation, vasoactivity of vessels, and redox-sensitive signaling at the central (brainstem, BS) and peripheral (left ventricle, LV) levels in young prehypertensive rats. 5-week-old SHR were treated either with PIO (10 mg/kg/day, 2 weeks) or with saline using gastric gavage. Administration of PIO significantly slowed down blood pressure increase and improved lipid profile and aortic relaxation after insulin stimulation. A significant increase in PPAR γ expression was found only in BS, not in LV. PIO treatment did not influence NOS changes, but had tissue-dependent effect on SOD regulation and increased SOD activity, observed in LV. The treatment with PIO differentially affected also the levels of other intracellular signaling components: Akt kinase increased in the the BS, while β -catenin level was down-regulated in the BS and up-regulated in the LV. We found that the lowering of blood pressure in young SHR can be connected with insulin sensitivity of vessels and that β -catenin and SOD levels are important agents mediating PIO effects in the BS and LV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ima Dovinová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Barancik
- Institute for Heart Research, SAS, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Majzunova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Stefan Zorad
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, SAS, Vlarska 3, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lucia Gajdosechová
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, SAS, Vlarska 3, 833 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Linda Gresová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Sona Cacanyiova
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Frantisek Kristek
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Balis
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, SAS, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Julie Y. H. Chan
- Center for Translational Research in Biomedical Science, Kaohsiung Chang Gang Memorial Hospital, 123 Ta Pei Road, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
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Wolf D, Tseng N, Seedorf G, Roe G, Abman SH, Gien J. Endothelin-1 decreases endothelial PPARγ signaling and impairs angiogenesis after chronic intrauterine pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L361-71. [PMID: 24337925 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00277.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) disrupts angiogenesis in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), but pathogenic mechanisms are unclear. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is decreased in adult pulmonary hypertension, but whether ET-1-PPARγ interactions impair endothelial cell function and angiogenesis in PPHN remains unknown. We hypothesized that increased PPHN pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) ET-1 production decreases PPARγ signaling and impairs tube formation in vitro. Proximal PAECs were harvested from fetal sheep after partial ligation of the ductus arteriosus in utero (PPHN) and controls. PPARγ and phospho-PPARγ protein were compared between normal and PPHN PAECs ± ET-1 and bosentan (ETA/ETB receptor blocker). Tube formation was assessed in response to PPARγ agonists ± ET-1, N-nitro-l-arginine (LNA) (NOS inhibitor), and PPARγ siRNA. Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), phospho-eNOS, and NO production were measured after exposure to PPARγ agonists and PPARγ siRNA. At baseline, PPHN PAECs demonstrate decreased tube formation and PPARγ protein expression and activity. PPARγ agonists restored PPHN tube formation to normal. ET-1 decreased normal and PPHN PAEC tube formation, which was rescued by PPARγ agonists. ET-1 decreased PPARγ protein and activity, which was prevented by bosentan. PPARγ agonists increased eNOS protein and activity and NO production in normal and PPHN PAECs. LNA inhibited the effect of PPARγ agonists on tube formation. PPARγ siRNA decreased eNOS protein and tube formation in normal PAECs. We conclude that ET-1 decreases PPARγ signaling and contributes to PAEC dysfunction and impaired angiogenesis in PPHN. We speculate that therapies aimed at decreasing ET-1 production will restore PPARγ signaling, preserve endothelial function, and improve angiogenesis in PPHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Wolf
- Perinatal Research Facility, 13243 E. 23rd Ave., Mail Stop F441, Aurora, CO 80045.
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Hu ZP, Fang XL, Qian HY, Fang N, Wang BN, Wang Y. Telmisartan prevents angiotensin II-induced endothelial dysfunction in rabbit aorta via activating HGF/Met system and PPARγ pathway. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2013; 28:501-11. [PMID: 24188213 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Ping Hu
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Anhui Medical University; 218 Jixi Road Hefei Anhui Province 230022 China
| | - Xiao-Ling Fang
- Operating Room; The First Affiliated Hospital; Anhui Medical University; 218 Jixi Road Hefei Anhui Province 230022 China
| | - Hai-Yan Qian
- Department of Cardiology; State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease; Fuwai Hospital; National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College; 167 North Lishi Road Xicheng District Beijing 100037 China
| | - Nan Fang
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Anhui Medical University; 218 Jixi Road Hefei Anhui Province 230022 China
| | - Bang-Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiology; The First Affiliated Hospital; Anhui Medical University; 218 Jixi Road Hefei Anhui Province 230022 China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry; Anhui Medical University; 81 Meishan Road Hefei Anhui Province 230032 China
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Kang BY, Park KK, Green DE, Bijli KM, Searles CD, Sutliff RL, Hart CM. Hypoxia mediates mutual repression between microRNA-27a and PPARγ in the pulmonary vasculature. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79503. [PMID: 24244514 PMCID: PMC3828382 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a serious disorder that causes significant morbidity and mortality. The pathogenesis of PH involves complex derangements in multiple pathways including reductions in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Hypoxia, a common PH stimulus, reduces PPARγ in experimental models. In contrast, activating PPARγ attenuates hypoxia-induced PH and endothelin 1 (ET-1) expression. To further explore mechanisms of hypoxia-induced PH and reductions in PPARγ, we examined the effects of hypoxia on selected microRNA (miRNA or miR) levels that might reduce PPARγ expression leading to increased ET-1 expression and PH. Our results demonstrate that exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) for 3-weeks increased levels of miR-27a and ET-1 in the lungs of C57BL/6 mice and reduced PPARγ levels. Hypoxia-induced increases in miR-27a were attenuated in mice treated with the PPARγ ligand, rosiglitazone (RSG, 10 mg/kg/d) by gavage for the final 10 d of exposure. In parallel studies, human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs) were exposed to control (21% O2) or hypoxic (1% O2) conditions for 72 h. Hypoxia increased HPAEC proliferation, miR-27a and ET-1 expression, and reduced PPARγ expression. These alterations were attenuated by treatment with RSG (10 µM) during the last 24 h of hypoxia exposure. Overexpression of miR-27a or PPARγ knockdown increased HPAEC proliferation and ET-1 expression and decreased PPARγ levels, whereas these effects were reversed by miR-27a inhibition. Further, compared to lungs from littermate control mice, miR-27a levels were upregulated in lungs from endothelial-targeted PPARγ knockout (ePPARγ KO) mice. Knockdown of either SP1 or EGR1 was sufficient to significantly attenuate miR-27a expression in HPAECs. Collectively, these studies provide novel evidence that miR-27a and PPARγ mediate mutually repressive actions in hypoxic pulmonary vasculature and that targeting PPARγ may represent a novel therapeutic approach in PH to attenuate proliferative mediators that stimulate proliferation of pulmonary vascular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Yong Kang
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kathy K. Park
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - David E. Green
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Kaiser M. Bijli
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Searles
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Roy L. Sutliff
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Michael Hart
- Departments of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Centers and Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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