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Arrieta A, Chapski DJ, Reese A, Kimball TH, Song K, Rosa-Garrido M, Vondriska TM. Circadian Control of Histone Turnover During Cardiac Development and Growth. J Biol Chem 2024:107434. [PMID: 38830405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
During postnatal cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes undergo mitotic exit, relying on DNA replication-independent mechanisms of histone turnover to maintain chromatin organization and gene transcription. In other tissues, circadian oscillations in nucleosome occupancy influence clock-controlled gene expression, suggesting a role for the circadian clock in temporal control of histone turnover and coordinated cardiomyocyte gene expression. To elucidate roles for the master circadian transcription factor, Bmal1, in histone turnover, chromatin organization, and myocyte-specific gene expression and cell growth in the neonatal period. Bmal1 knockdown in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) decreased myocyte size, total cellular protein synthesis, and transcription of the fetal hypertrophic gene Nppb following treatment with serum or the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE). Depletion of Bmal1 decreased expression of clock-controlled genes Per2 and Tcap, as well as Sik1, a Bmal1 target upregulated in adult versus embryonic hearts. Bmal1 knockdown impaired Per2 and Sik1 promoter accessibility as measured by MNase-qPCR and impaired histone turnover as measured by metabolic labeling of acid-soluble chromatin fractions. Sik1 knockdown in turn decreased myocyte size, while simultaneously inhibiting Nppb transcription and activating Per2 transcription. Linking these changes to chromatin remodeling, depletion of the replication-independent histone variant H3.3a inhibited myocyte hypertrophy and prevented PE-induced changes in clock-controlled gene transcription. Bmal1 is required for neonatal myocyte growth, replication-independent histone turnover, and chromatin organization at the Sik1 promoter. Sik1 represents a novel clock-controlled gene that coordinates myocyte growth with hypertrophic and clock-controlled gene transcription. Replication-independent histone turnover is required for transcriptional remodeling of clock-controlled genes in cardiac myocytes in response to growth stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Arrieta
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Douglas J Chapski
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Anna Reese
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Todd H Kimball
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
| | - Kunhua Song
- Internal Medicine, Heart Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida
| | - Manuel Rosa-Garrido
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Thomas M Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.
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2
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Webb AJ, Klerman EB, Mandeville ET. Circadian and Diurnal Regulation of Cerebral Blood Flow. Circ Res 2024; 134:695-710. [PMID: 38484025 PMCID: PMC10942227 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Circadian and diurnal variation in cerebral blood flow directly contributes to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke, either through factors that trigger stroke or due to impaired compensatory mechanisms. Cerebral blood flow results from the integration of systemic hemodynamics, including heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure, with cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms, including cerebrovascular reactivity, autoregulation, and neurovascular coupling. We review the evidence for the circadian and diurnal variation in each of these mechanisms and their integration, from the detailed evidence for mechanisms underlying the nocturnal nadir and morning surge in blood pressure to identifying limited available evidence for circadian and diurnal variation in cerebrovascular compensatory mechanisms. We, thus, identify key systemic hemodynamic factors related to the diurnal variation in the risk of stroke but particularly identify the need for further research focused on cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J.S. Webb
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
| | - Elizabeth B. Klerman
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Centre for Prevention of Stroke and Dementia, University of Oxford, United Kingdom (A.J.S.W.)
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (E.B.K.)
| | - Emiri T. Mandeville
- Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Neuroprotection Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston (E.T.M.)
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3
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Eckle T, Bertazzo J, Khatua TN, Tabatabaei SRF, Bakhtiari NM, Walker LA, Martino TA. Circadian Influences on Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 134:675-694. [PMID: 38484024 PMCID: PMC10947118 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of circadian rhythms on cardiovascular function and disease development is well established, with numerous studies in genetically modified animals emphasizing the circadian molecular clock's significance in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia and heart failure progression. However, translational preclinical studies targeting the heart's circadian biology are just now emerging and are leading to the development of a novel field of medicine termed circadian medicine. In this review, we explore circadian molecular mechanisms and novel therapies, including (1) intense light, (2) small molecules modulating the circadian mechanism, and (3) chronotherapies such as cardiovascular drugs and meal timings. These promise significant clinical translation in circadian medicine for cardiovascular disease. (4) Additionally, we address the differential functioning of the circadian mechanism in males versus females, emphasizing the consideration of biological sex, gender, and aging in circadian therapies for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Júlia Bertazzo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tarak Nath Khatua
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Reza Fatemi Tabatabaei
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Naghmeh Moori Bakhtiari
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lori A Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tami A. Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Zeng Q, Oliva VM, Moro MÁ, Scheiermann C. Circadian Effects on Vascular Immunopathologies. Circ Res 2024; 134:791-809. [PMID: 38484032 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms exert a profound impact on most aspects of mammalian physiology, including the immune and cardiovascular systems. Leukocytes engage in time-of-day-dependent interactions with the vasculature, facilitating the emigration to and the immune surveillance of tissues. This review provides an overview of circadian control of immune-vascular interactions in both the steady state and cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and infarction. Circadian rhythms impact both the immune and vascular facets of these interactions, primarily through the regulation of chemoattractant and adhesion molecules on immune and endothelial cells. Misaligned light conditions disrupt this rhythm, generally exacerbating atherosclerosis and infarction. In cardiovascular diseases, distinct circadian clock genes, while functioning as part of an integrated circadian system, can have proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects on these immune-vascular interactions. Here, we discuss the mechanisms and relevance of circadian rhythms in vascular immunopathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zeng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - Valeria Maria Oliva
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
| | - María Ángeles Moro
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain (M.Á.M.)
| | - Christoph Scheiermann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (Q.Z., V.M.O., C.S.)
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Translational Research Centre in Oncohaematology, Geneva, Switzerland (C.S.)
- Biomedical Center, Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology, Walter Brendel Center for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Germany (C.S.)
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5
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Festus ID, Spilberg J, Young ME, Cain S, Khoshnevis S, Smolensky MH, Zaheer F, Descalzi G, Martino TA. Pioneering new frontiers in circadian medicine chronotherapies for cardiovascular health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00040-7. [PMID: 38458859 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a global health concern. Circadian medicine improves cardiovascular care by aligning treatments with our body's daily rhythms and their underlying cellular circadian mechanisms. Time-based therapies, or chronotherapies, show special promise in clinical cardiology. They optimize treatment schedules for better outcomes with fewer side effects by recognizing the profound influence of rhythmic body cycles. In this review, we focus on three chronotherapy areas (medication, light, and meal timing) with potential to enhance cardiovascular care. We also highlight pioneering research in the new field of rest, the gut microbiome, novel chronotherapies for hypertension, pain management, and small molecules that targeting the circadian mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifene David Festus
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeri Spilberg
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sean Cain
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sepideh Khoshnevis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael H Smolensky
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cockrell School of Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fariya Zaheer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giannina Descalzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph; Guelph, Ontario, Canada.
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Personnic E, Gerard G, Poilbout C, Jetten AM, Gómez AM, Benitah JP, Perrier R. Circadian regulation of Ca V 1.2 expression by RORα in the mouse heart. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.15.575657. [PMID: 38293155 PMCID: PMC10827087 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.15.575657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background In addition to show autonomous beating rhythmicity, the physiological functions of the heart present daily periodic oscillations. Notably the ventricular repolarization itself varies throughout the circadian cycle which was mainly related to the periodic expression of K + channels. However, the involvement of the L-type Ca 2+ channel (Ca V 1.2 encoded by Cacna1c gene) in these circadian variations remains elusive. Methods We used a transgenic mouse model (PCa-luc) that expresses the luciferase reporter under the control of the cardiac Cacna1c promoter and analyzed promoter activity by bioluminescent imaging, qPCR, immunoblot, Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay (ChIP) and Ca V 1.2 activity. Results Under normal 12:12h light-dark cycle, we observed in vivo a biphasic diurnal variation of promoter activities peaking at 9 and 19.5 Zeitgeber time (ZT). This was associated with a periodicity of Cacna1c mRNA levels preceding 24-h oscillations of Ca V 1.2 protein levels in ventricle (with a 1.5 h phase shift) but not in atrial heart tissues. The periodicity of promoter activities and Ca V 1.2 proteins, which correlated with biphasic oscillations of L-type Ca 2+ current conductance, persisted in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from PCa-Luc mice over the course of the 24-h cycle, suggesting an endogenous cardiac circadian regulation. Comparison of 24-h temporal patterns of clock gene expressions in ventricles and atrial tissues of the same mice revealed conserved circadian oscillations of the core clock genes except for the retinoid-related orphan receptor α gene (RORα), which remained constant throughout the course of a day in atrial tissues. In vitro we found that RORα is recruited to two specific regions on the Cacna1c promoter and that incubation with specific RORα inhibitor disrupted 24-h oscillations of ventricular promoter activities and Ca V 1.2 protein levels. Similar results were observed for pore forming subunits of the K + transient outward currents, K V 4.2 and K V 4.3. Conclusions These findings raise the possibility that the RORα-dependent rhythmic regulation of cardiac Ca V 1.2 and K V 4.2/4.3 throughout the daily cycle may play an important role in physiopathology of heart function.
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7
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Young ME. The Cardiac Circadian Clock: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and its Treatment. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1613-1628. [PMID: 38205356 PMCID: PMC10774593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Virtually all aspects of physiology fluctuate with respect to the time of day. This is beautifully exemplified by cardiovascular physiology, for which blood pressure and electrophysiology exhibit robust diurnal oscillations. At molecular/biochemical levels (eg, transcription, translation, signaling, metabolism), cardiovascular-relevant tissues (such as the heart) are profoundly different during the day vs the night. Unfortunately, this in turn contributes toward 24-hour rhythms in both risk of adverse event onset (eg, arrhythmias, myocardial infarction) and pathogenesis severity (eg, extent of ischemic damage). Accumulating evidence indicates that cell-autonomous timekeeping mechanisms, termed circadian clocks, temporally govern biological processes known to play critical roles in cardiovascular function/dysfunction. In this paper, a comprehensive review of our current understanding of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock during both health and disease is detailed. Unprecedented basic, translational, and epidemiologic studies support a need to implement chronobiological considerations in strategies designed for both prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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8
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Costello HM, Sharma RK, McKee AR, Gumz ML. Circadian Disruption and the Molecular Clock in Atherosclerosis and Hypertension. Can J Cardiol 2023; 39:1757-1771. [PMID: 37355229 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.06.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are crucial for maintaining vascular function and disruption of these rhythms are associated with negative health outcomes including cardiovascular disease and hypertension. Circadian rhythms are regulated by the central clock within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks located in nearly every cell type in the body, including cells within the heart and vasculature. In this review, we summarize the most recent preclinical and clinical research linking circadian disruption, with a focus on molecular circadian clock mechanisms, in atherosclerosis and hypertension. Furthermore, we provide insight into potential future chronotherapeutics for hypertension and vascular disease. A better understanding of the influence of daily rhythms in behaviour, such as sleep/wake cycles, feeding, and physical activity, as well as the endogenous circadian system on cardiovascular risk will help pave the way for targeted approaches in atherosclerosis and hypertension treatment/prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Costello
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
| | - Ravindra K Sharma
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Annalisse R McKee
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Physiology and Aging, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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9
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Tang C, Li Q, Wang X, Yu Z, Ping X, Qin Y, Liu Y, Zheng L. Cardiac Timeless Trans-Organically Regulated by miR-276 in Adipose Tissue Modulates Cardiac Function. FUNCTION 2023; 5:zqad064. [PMID: 38058384 PMCID: PMC10696634 DOI: 10.1093/function/zqad064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interconnection between cardiac function and circadian rhythms is of great importance. While the role of the biological clock gene Timeless (Tim) in circadian rhythm has been extensively studied, its impact on cardiac function remains largely been unexplored. Previous research has provided experimental evidence for the regulation of the heart by adipose tissue and the targeting of miR-276a/b on Timeless. However, the extent to which adipose tissue regulates cardiac Timeless genes trans-organically through miR-276a/b, and subsequently affects cardiac function, remains uncertain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential trans-organ modulation of the Timeless gene in the heart by adipose tissue through miR-276a/b. We found that cardiac-specific Timeless knockdown and overexpression resulted in a significant increase in heart rate (HR) and a significant decrease in Heart period (HP), diastolic intervals (DI), systolic intervals (SI), diastolic diameter (DD), and systolic diameter (SD). miR-276b systemic knockdown resulted in a significant increase in DI, arrhythmia index (AI), and fractional shortening (FS) significantly increased and SI, DD and SD significantly decreased. Adipose tissue-specific miR-276a/b knockdown and miR-276a overexpression resulted in a significant increase in HR and a significant decrease in DI and SI, which were improved by exercise intervention. This study presents a novel finding that highlights the significance of the heart circadian clock gene Timeless in heart function. Additionally, it demonstrates that adipose tissue exerts trans-organ modulation on the expression of the heart Timeless gene via miR-276a/b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Qiufang Li
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Zhengwen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Xu Ping
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - yi Qin
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
| | - Lan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, 410012 Changsha, China
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10
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Arrieta A, Chapski DJ, Reese A, Kimball T, Song K, Rosa-Garrido M, Vondriska TM. Circadian Control of Histone Turnover During Cardiac Development and Growth. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567086. [PMID: 38014083 PMCID: PMC10680691 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Rationale: During postnatal cardiac hypertrophy, cardiomyocytes undergo mitotic exit, relying on DNA replication-independent mechanisms of histone turnover to maintain chromatin organization and gene transcription. In other tissues, circadian oscillations in nucleosome occupancy influence clock-controlled gene expression, suggesting an unrecognized role for the circadian clock in temporal control of histone turnover and coordinate cardiomyocyte gene expression. Objective: To elucidate roles for the master circadian transcription factor, Bmal1, in histone turnover, chromatin organization, and myocyte-specific gene expression and cell growth in the neonatal period. Methods and Results: Bmal1 knockdown in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) decreased myocyte size, total cellular protein, and transcription of the fetal hypertrophic gene Nppb following treatment with increasing serum concentrations or the α-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine (PE). Bmal1 knockdown decreased expression of clock-controlled genes Per2 and Tcap, and salt-inducible kinase 1 (Sik1) which was identified via gene ontology analysis of Bmal1 targets upregulated in adult versus embryonic hearts. Epigenomic analyses revealed co-localized chromatin accessibility and Bmal1 localization in the Sik1 promoter. Bmal1 knockdown impaired Per2 and Sik1 promoter accessibility as measured by MNase-qPCR and impaired histone turnover indicated by metabolic labeling of acid-soluble chromatin fractions and immunoblots of total and chromatin-associated core histones. Sik1 knockdown basally increased myocyte size, while simultaneously impairing and driving Nppb and Per2 transcription, respectively. Conclusions: Bmal1 is required for neonatal myocyte growth, replication-independent histone turnover, and chromatin organization at the Sik1 promoter. Sik1 represents a novel clock-controlled gene that coordinates myocyte growth with hypertrophic and clock-controlled gene transcription.
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11
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Latimer MN, Williams LJ, Shanmugan G, Carpenter BJ, Lazar MA, Dierickx P, Young ME. Cardiomyocyte-specific disruption of the circadian BMAL1-REV-ERBα/β regulatory network impacts distinct miRNA species in the murine heart. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1149. [PMID: 37952007 PMCID: PMC10640639 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05537-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, through poorly understood mechanisms. Given that small RNA species are critical modulators of cardiac physiology/pathology, we sought to determine the extent to which cardiomyocyte circadian clock (CCC) disruption impacts cardiac small RNA species. Accordingly, we collected hearts from cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK; a model of CCC disruption) and littermate control (CON) mice at multiple times of the day, followed by small RNA-seq. The data reveal 47 differentially expressed miRNAs species in CBK hearts. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses predict that differentially expressed miRNA species in CBK hearts influence processes such as circadian rhythmicity, cellular signaling, and metabolism. Of the induced miRNAs in CBK hearts, 7 are predicted to be targeted by the transcriptional repressors REV-ERBα/β (integral circadian clock components that are directly regulated by BMAL1). Similar to CBK hearts, cardiomyocyte-specific Rev-erbα/β double knockout (CM-RevDKO) mouse hearts exhibit increased let-7c-1-3p, miR-23b-5p, miR-139-3p, miR-5123, and miR-7068-3p levels. Importantly, 19 putative targets of these 5 miRNAs are commonly repressed in CBK and CM-RevDKO heart (of which 16 are targeted by let-7c-1-3p). These observations suggest that disruption of the circadian BMAL1-REV-ERBα/β regulatory network in the heart induces distinct miRNAs, whose mRNA targets impact critical cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lamario J Williams
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gobinath Shanmugan
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bryce J Carpenter
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mitchell A Lazar
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pieterjan Dierickx
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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12
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Malhan D, Schoenrock B, Yalçin M, Blottner D, Relόgio A. Circadian regulation in aging: Implications for spaceflight and life on earth. Aging Cell 2023; 22:e13935. [PMID: 37493006 PMCID: PMC10497835 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the circadian system are characteristic of aging on Earth. With the decline in physiological processes due to aging, several health concerns including vision loss, cardiovascular disorders, cognitive impairments, and muscle mass loss arise in elderly populations. Similar health risks are reported as "red flag" risks among astronauts during and after a long-term Space exploration journey. However, little is known about the common molecular alterations underlying terrestrial aging and space-related aging in astronauts, and controversial conclusions have been recently reported. In light of the regulatory role of the circadian clock in the maintenance of human health, we review here the overlapping role of the circadian clock both on aging on Earth and spaceflight with a focus on the four most affected systems: visual, cardiovascular, central nervous, and musculoskeletal systems. In this review, we briefly introduce the regulatory role of the circadian clock in specific cellular processes followed by alterations in those processes due to aging. We next summarize the known molecular alterations associated with spaceflight, highlighting involved clock-regulated genes in space flown Drosophila, nematodes, small mammals, and astronauts. Finally, we discuss common genes that are altered in terms of their expression due to aging on Earth and spaceflight. Altogether, the data elaborated in this review strengthen our hypothesis regarding the timely need to include circadian dysregulation as an emerging hallmark of aging on Earth and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Malhan
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Britt Schoenrock
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Müge Yalçin
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Dieter Blottner
- Institute of Integrative NeuroanatomyCharité‐Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Neuromuscular System and Neuromuscular SignalingBerlin Center of Space Medicine & Extreme EnvironmentsBerlinGermany
| | - Angela Relόgio
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human MedicineMSH Medical School HamburgHamburgGermany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB)Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
- Molecular Cancer Research Center (MKFZ), Medical Department of Hematology, Oncology, and Tumour Immunology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
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13
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Paula ABR, Resende LT, Jardim IABA, Portes AMO, Isoldi MC. The role of environmental signals in the expression of rhythmic cardiac proteins and their influence on cardiac pathologies. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 137:205-223. [PMID: 37709377 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We know that numerous proteins expressed in the heart are influenced by environmental signals (such as light and diet), which cause either an increase or decrease in their expression. Cardiovascular health is sensitive to diet composition (macronutrient content), as well as the percentage of energy, frequency and regularity of meal intake during the 24-hour cycle, and the fasting period. Furthermore, light is an important synchronizer of the circadian clock and, in turn, of several physiological processes, among them cardiovascular physiology. In this chapter, we address the effects of these environmental cues and the known mechanisms that lead to this variation in protein expression in the heart, as well as cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Rezende Paula
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Teresinha Resende
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Isabela Alcântara Barretto Araújo Jardim
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Martins Oliveira Portes
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
| | - Mauro César Isoldi
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Research Center in Biological Science, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Bauxita, Ouro Preto, Brazil
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14
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Yusifova M, Yusifov A, Polson SM, Todd WD, Schmitt EE, Bruns DR. Voluntary Wheel Running Exercise Does Not Attenuate Circadian and Cardiac Dysfunction Caused by Conditional Deletion of Bmal1. J Biol Rhythms 2023:7487304231152398. [PMID: 36802963 DOI: 10.1177/07487304231152398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Circadian misalignment occurs with age, jet lag, and shift work, leading to maladaptive health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases. Despite the strong link between circadian disruption and heart disease, the cardiac circadian clock is poorly understood, prohibiting identification of therapies to restore the broken clock. Exercise is the most cardioprotective intervention identified to date and has been suggested to reset the circadian clock in other peripheral tissues. Here, we tested the hypothesis that conditional deletion of core circadian gene Bmal1 would disrupt cardiac circadian rhythm and function and that this disruption would be ameliorated by exercise. To test this hypothesis, we generated a transgenic mouse with spatial and temporal deletion of Bmal1 only in adult cardiac myocytes (Bmal1 cardiac knockout [cKO]). Bmal1 cKO mice demonstrated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis concomitant with impaired systolic function. This pathological cardiac remodeling was not rescued by wheel running. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for the profound cardiac remodeling are unclear, it does not appear to involve activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling or changes in metabolic gene expression. Interestingly, cardiac deletion of Bmal1 disrupted systemic rhythms as evidenced by changes in the onset and phasing of activity in relationship to the light/dark cycle and by decreased periodogram power as measured by core temperature, suggesting cardiac clocks can regulate systemic circadian output. Together, we suggest a critical role for cardiac Bmal1 in regulating both cardiac and systemic circadian rhythm and function. Ongoing experiments will determine how disruption of the circadian clock causes cardiac remodeling in an effort to identify therapeutics to attenuate the maladaptive outcomes of a broken cardiac circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aykhan Yusifov
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Sydney M Polson
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - William D Todd
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Danielle R Bruns
- Kinesiology & Health, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming.,Wyoming WWAMI Medical Education, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming
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15
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Abstract
Driven by autonomous molecular clocks that are synchronized by a master pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nucleus, cardiac physiology fluctuates in diurnal rhythms that can be partly or entirely circadian. Cardiac contractility, metabolism, and electrophysiology, all have diurnal rhythms, as does the neurohumoral control of cardiac and kidney function. In this review, we discuss the evidence that circadian biology regulates cardiac function, how molecular clocks may relate to the pathogenesis of heart failure, and how chronotherapeutics might be applied in heart failure. Disrupting molecular clocks can lead to heart failure in animal models, and the myocardial response to injury seems to be conditioned by the time of day. Human studies are consistent with these findings, and they implicate the clock and circadian rhythms in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Certain circadian rhythms are maintained in patients with heart failure, a factor that can guide optimal timing of therapy. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic manipulation of circadian rhythms and molecular clocks show promise in the prevention and treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim El Jamal
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ronan Lordan
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah L. Teegarden
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tilo Grosser
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Translational Pharmacology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Garret FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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16
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Young ME, Latimer MN. Circadian rhythms in cardiac metabolic flexibility. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:13-26. [PMID: 34162286 PMCID: PMC8695643 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1939366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous aspects of cardiovascular physiology (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure) and pathology (e.g., myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death) exhibit time-of-day-dependency. In association with day-night differences in energetic demand and substrate availability, the healthy heart displays remarkable metabolic flexibility through temporal partitioning of the metabolic fate of common substrates (glucose, lipid, amino acids). The purpose of this review is to highlight the contribution that circadian clocks provide toward 24-hr fluctuations in cardiac metabolism and to discuss whether attenuation and/or augmentation of these metabolic rhythms through adjustment of nutrient intake timing impacts cardiovascular disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Mary N Latimer
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Daiber A, Frenis K, Kuntic M, Li H, Wolf E, Kilgallen AB, Lecour S, Van Laake LW, Schulz R, Hahad O, Münzel T. Redox Regulatory Changes of Circadian Rhythm by the Environmental Risk Factors Traffic Noise and Air Pollution. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:679-703. [PMID: 35088601 PMCID: PMC9618394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Risk factors in the environment such as air pollution and traffic noise contribute to the development of chronic noncommunicable diseases. Recent Advances: Epidemiological data suggest that air pollution and traffic noise are associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular, metabolic, and mental disease, including hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, diabetes, arrhythmia, stroke, neurodegeneration, depression, and anxiety disorders, mainly by activation of stress hormone signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Critical Issues: We here provide an in-depth review on the impact of the environmental risk factors air pollution and traffic noise exposure (components of the external exposome) on cardiovascular health, with special emphasis on the role of environmentally triggered oxidative stress and dysregulation of the circadian clock. Also, a general introduction on the contribution of circadian rhythms to cardiovascular health and disease as well as a detailed mechanistic discussion of redox regulatory pathways of the circadian clock system is provided. Future Directions: Finally, we discuss the potential of preventive strategies or "chrono" therapy for cardioprotection. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 679-703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Daiber
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Andreas Daiber, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Katie Frenis
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marin Kuntic
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Huige Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Wolf
- Structural Chronobiology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Aoife B. Kilgallen
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Linda W. Van Laake
- Division Heart and Lungs, Regenerative Medicine Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute for Physiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Omar Hahad
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Thomas Münzel, Labor für Molekulare Kardiologie, Abteilung für Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Geb. 605 – Raum 3.262, Langenbeckstr. 1, Mainz 55131, Germany
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18
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Ortinski PI, Reissner KJ, Turner J, Anderson TA, Scimemi A. Control of complex behavior by astrocytes and microglia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 137:104651. [PMID: 35367512 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence that glial cells influence behavior has been gaining a steady foothold in scientific literature. Out of the five main subtypes of glial cells in the brain, astrocytes and microglia have received an outsized share of attention with regard to shaping a wide spectrum of behavioral phenomena and there is growing appreciation that the signals intrinsic to these cells as well as their interactions with surrounding neurons reflect behavioral history in a brain region-specific manner. Considerable regional diversity of glial cell phenotypes is beginning to be recognized and may contribute to behavioral outcomes arising from circuit-specific computations within and across discrete brain nuclei. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the impact of astrocyte and microglia activity on behavioral outcomes, with a specific focus on brain areas relevant to higher cognitive control, reward-seeking, and circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P I Ortinski
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - K J Reissner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, USA
| | - J Turner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - T A Anderson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Kentucky, USA
| | - A Scimemi
- Department of Biology, State University of New York at Albany, USA
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19
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Nakai H, Tsuchiya Y, Koike N, Asano T, Ueno M, Umemura Y, Sasawaki Y, Ono R, Hamuro J, Sotozono C, Yagita K. Comprehensive Analysis Identified the Circadian Clock and Global Circadian Gene Expression in Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:16. [PMID: 35579906 PMCID: PMC9123520 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.5.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate circadian clock oscillation and circadian global gene expression in cultured human corneal endothelial cells (cHCECs) to elucidate and assess the potential function of circadian regulation in HCECs. Methods In this study, we introduced a circadian bioluminescence reporter, Bmal1:luciferase (Bmal1:luc), into cHCECs and subsequently monitored real-time bioluminescence rhythms. RNA-sequencing data analysis was then performed using sequential time-course samples of the cHCECs to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the circadian gene expression rhythms. The potential relevance of rhythmically expressed genes was then assessed by systematic approaches using functional clustering and individual gene annotations. Results Bmal1:luc bioluminescence exhibited clear circadian oscillation in the cHCECs. The core clock genes and clock-related genes showed high-amplitude robust circadian messenger RNA (mRNA) expression rhythms in cHCECs after treatment with dexamethasone, and 329 genes that exhibited circadian mRNA expression rhythms were identified (i.e., genes involved in various physiological processes including glycolysis, mitochondrial function, antioxidative systems, hypoxic responses, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix regulation, which represent the physiological functions of HCECs). Conclusions Our findings revealed that cHCECs have a robust and functional circadian clock, and our discovery that a large number of genes exhibit circadian mRNA expression rhythms in cHCECs suggests a potential contribution of circadian regulation to fine-tune HCEC functions for daily changes in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakai
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Taiki Asano
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Morio Ueno
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuh Sasawaki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Ono
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Junji Hamuro
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Abstract
The cardiomyocyte circadian clock temporally governs fundamental cellular processes, leading to 24-h rhythms in cardiac properties (such as electrophysiology and contractility). The importance of this cell-autonomous clock is underscored by reports that the disruption of the mechanism leads to adverse cardiac remodeling and heart failure. In healthy non-stressed mice, the cardiomyocyte circadian clock modestly augments both cardiac protein synthesis (~14%) and mass (~11%) at the awake-to-sleep transition (relative to their lowest values in the middle of the awake period). However, the increased capacity for cardiac growth at the awake-to-sleep transition exacerbates the responsiveness of the heart to pro-hypertrophic stimuli/stresses (e.g., adrenergic stimulation, nutrients) at this time. The cardiomyocyte circadian clock orchestrates time-of-day-dependent rhythms in cardiac growth through numerous mechanisms. Both ribosomal RNA (e.g., 28S) and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR/S6 signaling axis are circadian regulated, peaking at the awake-to-sleep transition in the heart. Conversely, the negative regulators of translation (including PER2, AMPK, and the integrated stress response) are elevated in the middle of the awake period in a coordinated fashion. We speculate that persistent circadian governance of cardiac growth during non-dipping/nocturnal hypertension, sleep apnea, and/or shift work may exacerbate left ventricular hypertrophy and cardiac disease development, highlighting a need for the advancement of chronotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin E. Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
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21
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Senesi P, Ferrulli A, Luzi L, Terruzzi I. Chrono-communication and cardiometabolic health: The intrinsic relationship and therapeutic nutritional promises. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:975509. [PMID: 36176473 PMCID: PMC9513421 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.975509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm, an innate 24-h biological clock, regulates several mammalian physiological activities anticipating daily environmental variations and optimizing available energetic resources. The circadian machinery is a complex neuronal and endocrinological network primarily organized into a central clock, suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), and peripheral clocks. Several small molecules generate daily circadian fluctuations ensuring inter-organ communication and coordination between external stimuli, i.e., light, food, and exercise, and body metabolism. As an orchestra, this complex network can be out of tone. Circadian disruption is often associated with obesity development and, above all, with diabetes and cardiovascular disease onset. Moreover, accumulating data highlight a bidirectional relationship between circadian misalignment and cardiometabolic disease severity. Food intake abnormalities, especially timing and composition of meal, are crucial cause of circadian disruption, but evidence from preclinical and clinical studies has shown that food could represent a unique therapeutic approach to promote circadian resynchronization. In this review, we briefly summarize the structure of circadian system and discuss the role playing by different molecules [from leptin to ghrelin, incretins, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15)] to guarantee circadian homeostasis. Based on the recent data, we discuss the innovative nutritional interventions aimed at circadian re-synchronization and, consequently, improvement of cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Ferrulli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Livio Luzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ileana Terruzzi,
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22
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Barazi N, Polidovitch N, Debi R, Yakobov S, Lakin R, Backx PH. Dissecting the Roles of the Autonomic Nervous System and Physical Activity on Circadian Heart Rate Fluctuations in Mice. Front Physiol 2021; 12:692247. [PMID: 34733171 PMCID: PMC8558381 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.692247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure as well as adverse cardiovascular events show clear circadian patterns, which are linked to interdependent daily variations in physical activity and cardiac autonomic nerve system (ANS) activity. We set out to assess the relative contributions of the ANS (alone) and physical activity to circadian HR fluctuations. To do so, we measured HR (beats per minute, bpm) in mice that were either immobilized using isoflurane anesthesia or free-moving. Nonlinear fits of HR data to sine functions revealed that anesthetized mice display brisk circadian HR fluctuations with amplitudes of 47.1±7.4bpm with the highest HRs in middle of the dark (active) period (ZT 18: 589±46bpm) and lowest HRs in the middle of the light (rest) period (ZT 6: 497±54bpm). The circadian HR fluctuations were reduced by ~70% following blockade of cardiac parasympathetic nervous activity (PNA) with atropine while declining by <15% following cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) blockade with propranolol. Small HR fluctuation amplitudes (11.6±5.9bpm) remained after complete cardiac ANS blockade. Remarkably, circadian HR fluctuation amplitudes in freely moving, telemetrized mice were only ~32% larger than in anesthetized mice. However, after gaining access to running wheels for 1week, circadian HR fluctuations increase to 102.9±12.1bpm and this is linked directly to increased O2 consumption during running. We conclude that, independent of physical activity, the ANS is a major determinant of circadian HR variations with PNA playing a dominant role compared to SNA. The effects of physical activity to the daily HR variations are remarkably small unless mice get access to running wheels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Barazi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Ryan Debi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Simona Yakobov
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert Lakin
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter H Backx
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Jesus ICG, Araújo FM, Mesquita T, Júnior NNS, Silva MM, Morgan HJN, Silva KSC, Silva CLA, Birbrair A, Amaral FA, Navegantes LC, Salgado HC, Szawka RE, Poletini MO, Guatimosim S. Molecular basis of Period 1 regulation by adrenergic signaling in the heart. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21886. [PMID: 34473369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac circadian clock is responsible for the modulation of different myocardial processes, and its dysregulation has been linked to disease development. How this clock machinery is regulated in the heart remains an open question. Because noradrenaline (NE) can act as a zeitgeber in cardiomyocytes, we tested the hypothesis that adrenergic signaling resets cardiac clock gene expression in vivo. In its anti-phase with Clock and Bmal1, cardiac Per1 abundance increased during the dark phase, concurrent with the rise in heart rate and preceded by an increase in NE levels. Sympathetic denervation altered Bmal1 and Clock amplitude, while Per1 was affected in both amplitude and oscillatory pattern. We next treated mice with a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blocker. Strikingly, the β-AR blockade during the day suppressed the nocturnal increase in Per1 mRNA, without altering Clock or Bmal1. In contrast, activating β-AR with isoproterenol (ISO) promoted an increase in Per1 expression, demonstrating its responsiveness to adrenergic input. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 and CREB attenuated ISO-induced Per1 expression. Upstream of ERK1/2, PI3Kγ mediated ISO induction of Per1 transcription, while activation of β2-AR, but not β1-AR induced increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Per1 expression. Consistent with the β2-induction of Per1 mRNA, ISO failed to activate ERK1/2 and elevate Per1 in the heart of β2-AR-/- mice, whereas a β2-AR antagonist attenuated the nocturnal rise in Per1 expression. Our study established a link between NE/β2-AR signaling and Per1 oscillation via the PI3Ky-ERK1/2-CREB pathway, providing a new framework for understanding the physiological mechanism involved in resetting cardiac clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar C G Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia M Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thássio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nilton N S Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mário M Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique J N Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kaoma S C Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleide L A Silva
- Animal Facility of Blood Center Foundation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maristela O Poletini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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24
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Li MD, Xin H, Yuan Y, Yang X, Li H, Tian D, Zhang H, Zhang Z, Han TL, Chen Q, Duan G, Ju D, Chen K, Deng F, He W. Circadian Clock-Controlled Checkpoints in the Pathogenesis of Complex Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:721231. [PMID: 34557221 PMCID: PMC8452875 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates physiology, metabolism, and behavior with the 24-h cycles of environmental light. Fundamental mechanisms of how the circadian clock regulates organ physiology and metabolism have been elucidated at a rapid speed in the past two decades. Here we review circadian networks in more than six organ systems associated with complex disease, which cluster around metabolic disorders, and seek to propose critical regulatory molecules controlled by the circadian clock (named clock-controlled checkpoints) in the pathogenesis of complex disease. These include clock-controlled checkpoints such as circadian nuclear receptors in liver and muscle tissues, chemokines and adhesion molecules in the vasculature. Although the progress is encouraging, many gaps in the mechanisms remain unaddressed. Future studies should focus on devising time-dependent strategies for drug delivery and engagement in well-characterized organs such as the liver, and elucidating fundamental circadian biology in so far less characterized organ systems, including the heart, blood, peripheral neurons, and reproductive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Dian Li
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Haoran Xin
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yinglin Yuan
- Medical Center of Hematology, The Xinqiao Hospital of Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqing Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingyuan Tian
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and the Center for Circadian Metabolism and Cardiovascular Disease, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Lab of Medical Protection for Electromagnetic Radiation, Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangyou Duan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ka Chen
- Research Center for Nutrition and Food Safety, Institute of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine, PLA, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Wenyan He
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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25
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Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Rasouli M, Reitz CJ, Posen I, Margulets V, Dhingra R, Khatua TN, Thliveris JA, Martino TA, Kirshenbaum LA. Mitochondrial autophagy and cell survival is regulated by the circadian Clock gene in cardiac myocytes during ischemic stress. Autophagy 2021; 17:3794-3812. [PMID: 34085589 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1938913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac function is highly reliant on mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and quality control. The circadian Clock gene is critically linked to vital physiological processes including mitochondrial fission, fusion and bioenergetics; however, little is known of how the Clock gene regulates these vital processes in the heart. Herein, we identified a putative circadian CLOCK-mitochondrial interactome that gates an adaptive survival response during myocardial ischemia. We show by transcriptome and gene ontology mapping in CLOCK Δ19/Δ19 mouse that Clock transcriptionally coordinates the efficient removal of damaged mitochondria during myocardial ischemia by directly controlling transcription of genes required for mitochondrial fission, fusion and macroautophagy/autophagy. Loss of Clock gene activity impaired mitochondrial turnover resulting in the accumulation of damaged reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing mitochondria from impaired mitophagy. This coincided with ultrastructural defects to mitochondria and impaired cardiac function. Interestingly, wild type CLOCK but not mutations of CLOCK defective for E-Box binding or interaction with its cognate partner ARNTL/BMAL-1 suppressed mitochondrial damage and cell death during acute hypoxia. Interestingly, the autophagy defect and accumulation of damaged mitochondria in CLOCK-deficient cardiac myocytes were abrogated by restoring autophagy/mitophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by ATG7 knockdown abrogated the cytoprotective effects of CLOCK. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CLOCK regulates an adaptive stress response critical for cell survival by transcriptionally coordinating mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in cardiac myocytes. Interdictions that restore CLOCK activity may prove beneficial in reducing cardiac injury in individuals with disrupted circadian CLOCK.Abbreviations: ARNTL/BMAL1: aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like; ATG14: autophagy related 14; ATG7: autophagy related 7; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BCA: bovine serum albumin; BECN1: beclin 1, autophagy related; bHLH: basic helix- loop-helix; CLOCK: circadian locomotor output cycles kaput; CMV: cytomegalovirus; COQ5: coenzyme Q5 methyltransferase; CQ: chloroquine; CRY1: cryptochrome 1 (photolyase-like); DNM1L/DRP1: dynamin 1-like; EF: ejection fraction; EM: electron microscopy; FS: fractional shortening; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HPX: hypoxia; i.p.: intraperitoneal; I-R: ischemia-reperfusion; LAD: left anterior descending; LVIDd: left ventricular internal diameter diastolic; LVIDs: left ventricular internal diameter systolic; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MFN2: mitofusin 2; MI: myocardial infarction; mPTP: mitochondrial permeability transition pore; NDUFA4: Ndufa4, mitochondrial complex associated; NDUFA8: NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A8; NMX: normoxia; OCR: oxygen consumption rate; OPA1: OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PER1: period circadian clock 1; PPARGC1A/PGC-1α: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha; qPCR: quantitative real-time PCR; RAB7A: RAB7, member RAS oncogene family; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RT: room temperature; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; siRNA: small interfering RNA; TFAM: transcription factor A, mitochondrial; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TMRM: tetra-methylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate; WT: wild -type; ZT: zeitgeber time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Mina Rasouli
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Illana Posen
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Victoria Margulets
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Rimpy Dhingra
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tarak N Khatua
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - James A Thliveris
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lorrie A Kirshenbaum
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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26
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Norepinephrine influences the circadian clock in human dermal fibroblasts from study participants with a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:1147-1157. [PMID: 34275002 PMCID: PMC8295072 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by changes to the circadian process. Many medications used to treat the condition, influence norepinephrine levels. Several studies have, in addition, reported that norepinephrine itself has an effect on circadian function. The aim of this study was to investigate the circadian gene expression in primary human-derived dermal fibroblast cultures (HDF) after norepinephrine exposure. We analyzed circadian preference, behavioral circadian and sleep parameters as well as the circadian gene expression in a cohort of healthy controls and participants with an ADHD diagnosis. Circadian preference was evaluated with German Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (D-MEQ) and rhythms of sleep/wake behavior were assessed via actigraphy. After ex vivo exposure to different norepinephrine concentrations in HDF cultures, the rhythmicity of circadian gene expression was analyzed via qRT-PCR. The exposure of 1 µM norepinephrine to confluent cultures of human dermal fibroblasts from participants with a diagnosis of ADHD, was shown to dampen Per1 rhythmicity. The expression of Bmal1, Per1 and Per3 in control subjects was also influenced by incubation with 1 µM norepinephrine. Cultures from the ADHD group revealed no statistically significant overall differences in circadian gene expression, between cultures with and without norepinephrine incubation. Per3 expression showed a significant ZT × group interaction via mixed ANOVA. Per3 expression at ZT4 was significant higher in the group of control samples incubated with 1 µM norepinephrine, compared to the control group without norepinephrine. This effect was also shown in the control samples incubated with 1 µM norepinephrine and cultures from subjects with ADHD without norepinephrine incubation. Per3 expression differed between the healthy control group and the ADHD group without norepinephrine incubation at ZT28. The results of the present study illustrate that norepinephrine impacts on circadian function. In both groups, control group and cultures taken from subjects with ADHD, the expression of the periodic genes (Per1–3) was significantly influenced by incubation with norepinephrine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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27
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Palm D, Uzoni A, Simon F, Fischer M, Coogan A, Tucha O, Thome J, Faltraco F. Evolutionary conservations, changes of circadian rhythms and their effect on circadian disturbances and therapeutic approaches. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:21-34. [PMID: 34102148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is essential for the interaction of all living organisms with their environments. Several processes, such as thermoregulation, metabolism, cognition and memory, are regulated by the internal clock. Disturbances in the circadian rhythm have been shown to lead to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Interestingly, the mechanism of the circadian rhythms has been conserved in many different species, and misalignment between circadian rhythms and the environment results in evolutionary regression and lifespan reduction. This review summarises the conserved mechanism of the internal clock and its major interspecies differences. In addition, it focuses on effects the circadian rhythm disturbances, especially in cases of ADHD, and describes the possibility of recombinant proteins generated by eukaryotic expression systems as therapeutic agents as well as CRISPR/Cas9 technology as a potential tool for research and therapy. The aim is to give an overview about the evolutionary conserved mechanism as well as the changes of the circadian clock. Furthermore, current knowledge about circadian rhythm disturbances and therapeutic approaches is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Adriana Uzoni
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frederick Simon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andrew Coogan
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Ireland
| | - Oliver Tucha
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Thome
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Frank Faltraco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Rostock, Rostock, Gehlsheimer Str. 20, 18147, Rostock, Germany.
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28
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Zhang XY, Wang L, Yan WJ, Lu XT, Li XY, Sun YY. Period 2-Induced Activation of Autophagy Improves Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 31:119-128. [PMID: 31822134 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2019.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the onset of myocardial infarction (MI) shows obvious circadian rhythmicity. Clinical studies have shown that MIs that occur in the early morning have a poor prognosis, but the mechanisms involved are still unknown. In this study, we showed that the expression level of Period 2 (per2) in the heart of mice is lower in the early morning than at noon and that increasing the expression of per2 in H9C2 cells and rat cardiomyocytes increases autophagy levels. Further studies indicated that overexpression of per2 after an MI improved cardiac function by increasing autophagy. In summary, this study has shown that the circadian clock protein, per2, may be a regulator of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Grade 2016, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Clinical Medicine (5 + 3), Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Gerontology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen-Jiang Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Yun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese Ministry of Health and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
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29
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Thosar SS, Shea SA. Circadian control of human cardiovascular function. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2021; 57:89-97. [PMID: 33610933 PMCID: PMC8165005 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous circadian rhythms prepare the cardiovascular (CV) system for optimal function to match the daily anticipated behavioral and environmental cycles, including variable activities when awake during the day and recuperation when sleeping at night. The overall day-night patterns in most CV variables result from the summation of predictable circadian effects with variable behavioral and environmental effects on the CV system. The circadian system has also been implicated in the morning peak in the incidence of adverse CV events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden cardiac death. We discuss the resting and stress-reactive circadian control of CV physiology in humans and suggest future research opportunities, including improving CV therapy by optimally timing therapy relative to a person's internal body clock time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239, United States; School of Nursing, Portland, OR 97239, United States; Knight Cardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, Portland, OR 97239, United States; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States.
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Portland, OR 97239, United States; OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, United States
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30
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Zhang H, Dai J, Tian D, Xiao L, Xue H, Guo Q, Zhang X, Teng X, Jin S, Wu Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Restored the Diurnal Variation in Cardiac Function of Aging Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8841575. [PMID: 33747351 PMCID: PMC7943277 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8841575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The present study was performed to investigate whether H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice and explore the potential mechanisms. We found that ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) in 3-month-old mice exhibited diurnal variations over a 24-hour period. However, the diurnal variations were disrupted in 18-month-old mice, and there was a decline in EF and FS. In addition, the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and H2S concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were decreased in 18-month-old mice. Then, CSE KO mice were used to determine if there was a relationship between endogenous H2S and diurnal variations in EF and FS. There was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods in CSE KO mice accompanying increased MDA levels and decreased SOD activities in plasma, indicating that deficiency of endogenous H2S blunted diurnal variations of cardiac function. To determine whether oxidative stress disrupted the diurnal variations in cardiac function, D-galactose-induced subacute aging mice were employed. After 3-month D-gal treatment, both 12-hour averaged EF and FS in dark or light periods were decreased; meanwhile, there was no difference in 12-hour averaged EF and FS between dark and light periods. After 3-month NaHS treatment in the D-gal group, the plasma MDA levels were decreased and SOD activities were increased. The EF and FS were lower during the 12-hour light period than those during the 12-hour dark period which was fit to sine curves in the D-gal+NaHS group. Identical findings were also observed in 18-month-old mice. In conclusion, our studies revealed that the disrupted diurnal variation in cardiac function was associated with increased oxidative stress and decreased H2S levels in aging mice. H2S could restore the diurnal variation in cardiac function of aging mice by reducing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Jing Dai
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Danyang Tian
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Xiangjian Zhang
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, 050017 Hebei, China
| | - Xu Teng
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei 050017, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, 050017 Hebei, China
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31
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Bernardi J, Aromolaran KA, Zhu H, Aromolaran AS. Circadian Mechanisms: Cardiac Ion Channel Remodeling and Arrhythmias. Front Physiol 2021; 11:611860. [PMID: 33519516 PMCID: PMC7841411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.611860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are involved in many physiological and pathological processes in different tissues, including the heart. Circadian rhythms play a critical role in adverse cardiac function with implications for heart failure and sudden cardiac death, highlighting a significant contribution of circadian mechanisms to normal sinus rhythm in health and disease. Cardiac arrhythmias are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with heart failure and likely cause ∼250,000 deaths annually in the United States alone; however, the molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. This suggests the need to improve our current understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms that increase vulnerability to arrhythmias. Obesity and its associated pathologies, including diabetes, have emerged as dangerous disease conditions that predispose to adverse cardiac electrical remodeling leading to fatal arrhythmias. The increasing epidemic of obesity and diabetes suggests vulnerability to arrhythmias will remain high in patients. An important objective would be to identify novel and unappreciated cellular mechanisms or signaling pathways that modulate obesity and/or diabetes. In this review we discuss circadian rhythms control of metabolic and environmental cues, cardiac ion channels, and mechanisms that predispose to supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias including hormonal signaling and the autonomic nervous system, and how understanding their functional interplay may help to inform the development and optimization of effective clinical and therapeutic interventions with implications for chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Bernardi
- Masonic Medical Research Institute, Utica, NY, United States
| | | | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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32
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Mistry P, Reitz CJ, Khatua TN, Rasouli M, Oliphant K, Young ME, Allen-Vercoe E, Martino TA. Circadian influence on the microbiome improves heart failure outcomes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 149:54-72. [PMID: 32961201 PMCID: PMC11027088 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) leading to heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death worldwide. Previous studies revealed that the circadian system markedly impacts cardiac repair post-MI, and that light is an important environmental factor modulating the circadian influence over healing. Recent studies suggest that gut physiology also affects the circadian system, but how it contributes to cardiac repair post-MI and in HF is not well understood. To address this question, we first used a murine coronary artery ligation MI model to reveal that an intact gut microbiome is important for cardiac repair. Specifically, gut microbiome disruption impairs normal inflammatory responses in infarcted myocardium, elevates adverse cardiac gene biomarkers, and leads to worse HF outcomes. Conversely, reconstituting the microbiome post-MI in mice with prior gut microbiome disruption improves healing, consistent with the notion that normal gut physiology contributes to cardiac repair. To investigate a role for the circadian system, we initially utilized circadian mutant Clock∆19/∆19 mice, revealing that a functional circadian mechanism is necessary for gut microbiome benefits on post-MI cardiac repair and HF. Finally, we demonstrate that circadian-mediated gut responses that benefit cardiac repair can be conferred by time-restricted feeding, as wake time feeding of MI mice improves HF outcomes, but these benefits are not observed in MI mice fed during their sleep time. In summary, gut physiology is important for cardiac repair, and the circadian system influences the beneficial gut responses to improve post-MI and HF outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mistry
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Cristine J Reitz
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tarak Nath Khatua
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mina Rasouli
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn Oliphant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Martin E Young
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Emma Allen-Vercoe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Tami A Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Wang Z, Tapa S, Francis Stuart SD, Wang L, Bossuyt J, Delisle BP, Ripplinger CM. Aging Disrupts Normal Time-of-Day Variation in Cardiac Electrophysiology. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2020; 13:e008093. [PMID: 32706628 DOI: 10.1161/circep.119.008093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac gene expression and arrhythmia occurrence have time-of-day variation; however, daily changes in cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmia susceptibility, and Ca2+ handling have not been characterized. Furthermore, how these patterns change with age is unknown. METHODS Hearts were isolated during the light (zeitgeber time [ZT] 4 and ZT9) and dark cycle (ZT14 and ZT21) from adult (12-18 weeks) male mice. Hearts from aged (18-20 months) male mice were isolated at ZT4 and ZT14. All hearts were Langendorff-perfused for optical mapping with voltage- and Ca2+-sensitive dyes (n=4-7/group). Cardiac gene and protein expression were assessed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (n=4-6/group) and Western blot (n=3-4/group). RESULTS Adult hearts had the shortest action potential duration (APD) and Ca2+ transient duration (CaTD) at ZT14 (APD80: ZT4: 45.4±4.1 ms; ZT9: 45.1±8.6 ms; ZT14: 34.7±4.2 ms; ZT21: 49.2±7.6 ms, P<0.05 versus ZT4 and ZT21; and CaTD80: ZT4: 70.1±3.3 ms; ZT9: 72.7±2.7 ms; ZT14: 64.3±3.3 ms; ZT21: 74.4±1.2 ms, P<0.05 versus other time points). The pacing frequency at which CaT alternans emerged was faster, and average CaT alternans magnitude was significantly reduced at ZT14 compared with the other time points. There was a trend for decreased spontaneous premature ventricular complexes and pacing-induced ventricular arrhythmias at ZT14, and the hearts at ZT14 had diminished responses to isoproterenol compared with ZT4 (ZT4: 49.5.0±5.6% versus ZT14: 22.7±9.5% decrease in APD, P<0.01). In contrast, aged hearts exhibited no difference between ZT14 and ZT4 in nearly every parameter assessed (except APD80: ZT4: 39.7±1.9 ms versus ZT14: 33.8±3.1 ms, P<0.01). Gene expression of KCNA5 (potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5; encoding Kv1.5) was increased, whereas gene expression of ADRB1 (encoding β1-adrenergic receptors) was decreased at ZT14 versus ZT4 in adult hearts. No time-of-day changes in expression or phosphorylation of Ca2+ handling proteins (SERCA2 [sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase], RyR2 [ryanodine receptor 2], and PLB [phospholamban]) was found in ex vivo perfused adult isolated hearts. CONCLUSIONS Isolated adult hearts have strong time-of-day variation in cardiac electrophysiology, Ca2+ handling, and adrenergic responsiveness, which is disrupted with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (Z.W., S.T., S.D.F.S., L.W., J.B., C.M.R.)
| | - Srinivas Tapa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (Z.W., S.T., S.D.F.S., L.W., J.B., C.M.R.)
| | - Samantha D Francis Stuart
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (Z.W., S.T., S.D.F.S., L.W., J.B., C.M.R.)
| | - Lianguo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (Z.W., S.T., S.D.F.S., L.W., J.B., C.M.R.)
| | - Julie Bossuyt
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (Z.W., S.T., S.D.F.S., L.W., J.B., C.M.R.)
| | - Brian P Delisle
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington (B.P.D.)
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (Z.W., S.T., S.D.F.S., L.W., J.B., C.M.R.)
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Myocardium Metabolism in Physiological and Pathophysiological States: Implications of Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072641. [PMID: 32290181 PMCID: PMC7177518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The main energy substrate of adult cardiomyocytes for their contractility are the fatty acids. Its metabolism generates high ATP levels at the expense of high oxygen consumption in the mitochondria. Under low oxygen supply, they can get energy from other substrates, mainly glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, etc., but the mitochondrial dysfunction, in pathological conditions, reduces the oxidative metabolism. In consequence, fatty acids are stored into epicardial fat and its accumulation provokes inflammation, insulin resistance, and oxidative stress, which enhance the myocardium dysfunction. Some therapies focused on improvement the fatty acids entry into mitochondria have failed to demonstrate benefits on cardiovascular disorders. Oppositely, those therapies with effects on epicardial fat volume and inflammation might improve the oxidative metabolism of myocardium and might reduce the cardiovascular disease progression. This review aims at explain (a) the energy substrate adaptation of myocardium in physiological conditions, (b) the reduction of oxidative metabolism in pathological conditions and consequences on epicardial fat accumulation and insulin resistance, and (c) the reduction of cardiovascular outcomes after regulation by some therapies.
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Abstract
The Earth turns on its axis every 24 h; almost all life on the planet has a mechanism - circadian rhythmicity - to anticipate the daily changes caused by this rotation. The molecular clocks that control circadian rhythms are being revealed as important regulators of physiology and disease. In humans, circadian rhythms have been studied extensively in the cardiovascular system. Many cardiovascular functions, such as endothelial function, thrombus formation, blood pressure and heart rate, are now known to be regulated by the circadian clock. Additionally, the onset of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, arrhythmias and other adverse cardiovascular events show circadian rhythmicity. In this Review, we summarize the role of the circadian clock in all major cardiovascular cell types and organs. Second, we discuss the role of circadian rhythms in cardiovascular physiology and disease. Finally, we postulate how circadian rhythms can serve as a therapeutic target by exploiting or altering molecular time to improve existing therapies and develop novel ones.
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Dakup PP, Porter KI, Gajula RP, Goel PN, Cheng Z, Gaddameedhi S. The circadian clock protects against ionizing radiation-induced cardiotoxicity. FASEB J 2020; 34:3347-3358. [PMID: 31919902 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901850rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is commonly used to treat solid tumors of the breast, lung, and esophagus; however, the heart is an unintentional target of ionizing radiation (IR). IR exposure to the heart results in chronic toxicities including heart failure. We hypothesize that the circadian system plays regulatory roles in minimizing the IR-induced cardiotoxicity. We treated mice in control (Day Shift), environmentally disrupted (Rotating Shift), and genetically disrupted (Per 1/2 mutant) circadian conditions with 18 Gy of IR to the heart. Compared to control mice, circadian clock disruption significantly exacerbated post-IR systolic dysfunction (by ultrasound echocardiography) and increased fibrosis in mice. At the cellular level, Bmal1 protein bound to Atm, Brca1, and Brca2 promoter regions and its expression level was inversely correlated with the DNA damage levels based on the state of the clock. Further studies with circadian synchronized cardiomyocytes revealed that Bmal1 depletion increased the IR-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings suggest that the circadian clock protects from IR-induced toxicity and potentially impacts RT treatment outcome in cancer patients through IR-induced DNA damage responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panshak P Dakup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kenneth I Porter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Rajendra P Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Peeyush N Goel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.,Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
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Zhang J, Chatham JC, Young ME. Circadian Regulation of Cardiac Physiology: Rhythms That Keep the Heart Beating. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:79-101. [PMID: 31589825 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-020518-114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
On Earth, all life is exposed to dramatic changes in the environment over the course of the day; consequently, organisms have evolved strategies to both adapt to and anticipate these 24-h oscillations. As a result, time of day is a major regulator of mammalian physiology and processes, including transcription, signaling, metabolism, and muscle contraction, all of which oscillate over the course of the day. In particular, the heart is subject to wide fluctuations in energetic demand throughout the day as a result of waking, physical activity, and food intake patterns. Daily rhythms in cardiovascular function ensure that increased delivery of oxygen, nutrients, and endocrine factors to organs during the active period and the removal of metabolic by-products are in balance. Failure to maintain these physiologic rhythms invariably has pathologic consequences. This review highlights rhythms that underpin cardiac physiology. More specifically, we summarize the key aspects of cardiac physiology that oscillate over the course of the day and discuss potential mechanisms that regulate these 24-h rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA;
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Chellappa SL, Vujovic N, Williams JS, Scheer FAJL. Impact of Circadian Disruption on Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:767-779. [PMID: 31427142 PMCID: PMC6779516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system, that is ubiquitous across species, generates ∼24 h rhythms in virtually all biological processes, and allows them to anticipate and adapt to the 24 h day/night cycle, thus ensuring optimal physiological function. Epidemiological studies show time-of-day variations in adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, and controlled laboratory studies demonstrate a circadian influence on key markers of CV function and risk. Furthermore, circadian misalignment, that is typically experienced by shift workers as well as by individuals who experience late eating, (social) jet lag, or circadian rhythm sleep-wake disturbances, increases CV risk factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which the circadian system regulates CV function, and which of these are affected by circadian disruption, may help to develop intervention strategies to mitigate CV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Chang JYA, Shi L, Ko ML, Ko GYP. Circadian Regulation of Mitochondrial Dynamics in Retinal Photoreceptors. J Biol Rhythms 2019; 33:151-165. [PMID: 29671706 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418762152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Energy expenditure and metabolism in the vertebrate retina are under circadian control, as we previously reported that the overall retinal ATP content and various signaling molecules related to metabolism display daily or circadian rhythms. Changes in the fission and fusion process of mitochondria, the major organelles producing ATP, in retinal photoreceptors are largely dependent on light exposure, but whether mitochondrial dynamics in photoreceptors and retinal neurons are under circadian control is not clear. Herein, we investigated the possible roles of circadian oscillators in regulating mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and redox states in the chicken retina and mammalian photoreceptors. After entrainment to 12:12-h light-dark (LD) cycles for several days followed by free-running in constant darkness (DD), chicken embryonic retinas and cone-derived 661W cells were collected in either LD or DD at 6 different zeitgeber time (ZT) or circadian time (CT) points. The protein expression of mitochondrial dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), mitofusin 2 (MFN2), and PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) displayed daily rhythms, but only DRP1 was under circadian control in the chicken retinas and cultured 661W cells. In addition, cultured chicken retinal cells responded to acute oxidative stress differently from 661W cells. Using pMitoTimer as a mitochondrial redox indicator, we found that the mitochondrial redox states were more affected by light exposure than regulated by circadian oscillators. Thus, this study demonstrates that the influence of cyclic lights might outweigh the circadian regulation of complex mitochondrial dynamics in light-sensing retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Ya-An Chang
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Liheng Shi
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Michael L Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Gladys Y-P Ko
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.,Texas A&M Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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Bargi-Souza P, Peliciari-Garcia RA, Nunes MT. Disruption of the Pituitary Circadian Clock Induced by Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism: Consequences on Daily Pituitary Hormone Expression Profiles. Thyroid 2019; 29:502-512. [PMID: 30747053 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secretion of pituitary hormones oscillates throughout the 24-hour period, indicating that circadian clock-mediated mechanisms regulate this process in the gland. Additionally, pituitary hormone synthesis has been shown to be altered in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Although thyroid hormones can modulate the other peripheral clocks, the interaction between thyroid hormone levels and circadian clock gene expression in the anterior pituitary has yet to be elucidated. METHODS Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid. Following the experimental procedures, animals were euthanized every three hours over the course of a 24-hour period. The anterior pituitary glands were excised and processed for mRNA expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. One- and two-way analysis of variance as well as cosinor analysis were used to evaluate the time-of-day-dependent differential expression for each gene in each experimental group and their interactions. RESULTS Hyperthyroidism increased the mRNA expression of core clock genes and thyrotrophic embryonic factor (Tef), as well as the mesor and amplitude of brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (Bmal1) and the mesor of nuclear receptor subfamily 1 (Nr1d1) group D member 1, when compared to euthyroid animals. Hypothyroidism disrupted the circadian expression pattern of Bmal1 and period circadian regulator 2 (Per2) and decreased the mesor of Nr1d1 and Tef. Furthermore, it was observed that the pituitary content of Dio2 mRNA was unaltered in hyperthyroidism but substantially elevated in hypothyroidism during the light phase. The upregulated expression was associated with an increased mesor and amplitude, along with an advanced acrophase. The gene expression of all the pituitary hormones was found to be altered in hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Moreover, prolactin (Prl) and luteinizing hormone beta subunit (Lhb) displayed circadian expression patterns in the control group, which were disrupted in both the hypo- and hyperthyroid states. CONCLUSION Taken together, the data demonstrate that hypo- and hyperthyroidism alter circadian clock gene expression in the anterior pituitary. This suggests that triiodothyronine plays an important role in the regulation of pituitary gland homeostasis, which could ultimately influence the rhythmic synthesis and/or secretion of all the anterior pituitary hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bargi-Souza
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Peliciari-Garcia
- 2 Morphophysiology and Pathology Sector, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- 1 Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Smith DF, Amin RS. OSA and Cardiovascular Risk in Pediatrics. Chest 2019; 156:402-413. [PMID: 30790552 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OSA occurs in approximately 1% to 5% of children in the United States. Long-term cardiovascular risks associated with OSA in the adult population are well documented. Although changes in BP regulation occur in children with OSA, the pathways leading to chronic cardiovascular risks of OSA in children are less clear. Risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease in adult populations could carry the same future risk for children. It is imperative to determine whether known mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases in adults are like those that lead to pediatric disease. Early pathophysiologic changes may lead to a lifetime burden of cardiovascular disease and early mortality. With this perspective in mind, our review discusses pathways leading to cardiovascular pathology in children with OSA and provides a comprehensive overview of recent research findings related to cardiovascular sequelae in the pediatric population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Raouf S Amin
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH.
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Rabinovich-Nikitin I, Lieberman B, Martino TA, Kirshenbaum LA. Circadian-Regulated Cell Death in Cardiovascular Diseases. Circulation 2019; 139:965-980. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.118.036550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inna Rabinovich-Nikitin
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada (I.R.-N., B.L., L.A.K.)
| | - Brooke Lieberman
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada (I.R.-N., B.L., L.A.K.)
| | - Tami A. Martino
- Centre for Cardiovascular Investigations, Biomedical Sciences/Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada (T.A.M.)
| | - Lorrie A. Kirshenbaum
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Rady College of Medicine, Max Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Canada (I.R.-N., B.L., L.A.K.)
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43
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In Reply. Anesthesiology 2019; 129:611-613. [PMID: 30106784 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Fletcher ELK, Kanki M, Morgan J, Ray DW, Delbridge L, Fuller PJ, Clyne CD, Young MJ. Cardiomyocyte transcription is controlled by combined MR and circadian clock signalling. J Endocrinol 2019; 241:JOE-18-0584.R3. [PMID: 30689544 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a critical pathogenic role for MR activation in cardiomyocytes that included a potential interaction between the MR and the molecular circadian clock. While glucocorticoid regulation of the circadian clock is undisputed, MR interactions with circadian clock signalling are limited. We hypothesised that the MR influences cardiac circadian clock signalling, and vice versa. 10nM aldosterone or corticosterone regulated CRY 1, PER1, PER2 and ReverbA (NR1D1) gene expression patterns in H9c2 cells over 24hr. MR-dependent regulation of circadian gene promoters containing GREs and E-box sequences was established for CLOCK, Bmal, CRY 1 and CRY2, PER1 and PER2 and transcriptional activators CLOCK and Bmal modulated MR-dependent transcription of a subset of these promoters. We also demonstrated differential regulation of MR target gene expression in hearts of mice 4hr after administration of aldosterone at 8AM versus 8PM. Our data support combined MR regulation of a subset of circadian genes and that endogenous circadian transcription factors CLOCK and Bmal modulate this response. This unsuspected relationship links MR in the heart to circadian rhythmicity at the molecular level and has important implications for the biology of MR signalling in response to aldosterone as well as cortisol. These data are consistent with MR signalling in the brain where, like the heart, it preferentially responds to cortisol. Given the undisputed requirement for diurnal cortisol release in the entrainment of peripheral clocks, the present study highlights the MR as an important mechanism for transducing the circadian actions of cortisol in addition to the GR in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- ELizabeth K Fletcher
- E Fletcher, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tuft Medical Centre, Boston, United States
| | - Monica Kanki
- M Kanki, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Morgan
- J Morgan, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Ray
- D Ray, Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Lea Delbridge
- L Delbridge, Dept Of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, xxx, Australia
| | - Peter James Fuller
- P Fuller, Centre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colin D Clyne
- C Clyne , Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- M Young, Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, 3166, Australia
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Jiang Q, Liu H, Wang S, Wang J, Tang Y, He Z, Wu F, Huang Z, Cong X, Ding R, Liang C. Circadian locomotor output cycles kaput accelerates atherosclerotic plaque formation by upregulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:869-879. [PMID: 30124738 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between clock circadian regulator circadian locomotor output cycles kaput gene (CLOCK) and the forming of atherosclerotic plaques and its underlying mechanisms, mouse aortic endothelial cells (MAECs) and atherosclerosis (AS) mouse model were recruited for our study. The apoE gene knockout mouse was used as the model of AS and we accelerated the formation of unstable plaques through the combination of carotid artery ligation and high-fat (HF) diet administration (0.2% cholesterol, 20% fat). The mRNA and protein expressions of CLOCK in peripheral blood monouclear cells of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients or mouse AS model were detected by qPCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining. The number of adherent cells and atherosclerotic plaques was counted to assess the effects of CLOCK on the progression of ACS, and adherence-associated genes, such as vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL-2), and CCL-5. The results showed that CLOCK expression was significantly increased in both ACS patients and AS mouse model. The levels of CLOCK, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), perilipin 2 (ADFP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), as well as the number of atherosclerotic plaques were elevated in the AS mouse model, as compared with the control group. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay showed that CLOCK bound directly to the promoter of PAI-1 gene and CLOCK could positively regulate the expressions of LIF, ICAM-1, ADFP, NF-κB, and PAI-1. Reduction of CLOCK expression would decrease the expressions of VCAM-1, CCL-2, and CCL-5, and the number of adherent cells and atherosclerotic plaques, but these effects were neutralized when PAI-1 was simultaneously overexpressed in either mouse model or MAECs. Our results demonstrate that CLOCK overexpression triggers the formation of atherosclerotic plaques by directly upregulating PAI-1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengyun Wang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yehua Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Cong
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Black N, D'Souza A, Wang Y, Piggins H, Dobrzynski H, Morris G, Boyett MR. Circadian rhythm of cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms. Heart Rhythm 2018; 16:298-307. [PMID: 30170229 PMCID: PMC6520649 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmias are a leading cause of cardiovascular death. It has long been accepted that life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and sudden cardiac death) are more likely to occur in the morning after waking. It is perhaps less well recognized that there is a circadian rhythm in cardiac pacemaking and other electrophysiological properties of the heart. In addition, there is a circadian rhythm in other arrhythmias, for example, bradyarrhythmias and supraventricular arrhythmias. Two mechanisms may underlie this finding: (1) a central circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus may directly affect the electrophysiology of the heart and arrhythmogenesis via various neurohumoral factors, particularly the autonomic nervous system; or (2) a local circadian clock in the heart itself (albeit under the control of the central clock) may drive a circadian rhythm in the expression of ion channels in the heart, which in turn varies arrhythmic substrate. This review summarizes the current understanding of the circadian rhythm in cardiac electrophysiology, arrhythmogenesis, and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Black
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia D'Souza
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yanwen Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh Piggins
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Boyett
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Täubel J, Ferber G, Fernandes S, Camm AJ. Diurnal Profile of the QTc Interval Following Moxifloxacin Administration. J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 59:35-44. [PMID: 30040135 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological fluctuations in the corrected QT (QTc) interval is important to accurately interpret the variations in drug-induced prolongation. The present study aimed to define the time course of the effect of moxifloxacin on the QT interval to understand the duration of the responses to moxifloxacin. This retrospective analysis was performed on data taken from a thorough QT 4-way crossover study with 40 subjects. Each period consisted of a baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) day (day -1) and a treatment day (day 1). On both days, ECGs were recorded simultaneously using 2 different systems operating in parallel: a bedside ECG and a continuous Holter recording. The subjects were randomized to 1 of 4 treatments: 5 mg and 40 mg of intravenous amisulpride, a single oral dose of moxifloxacin (400 mg), or placebo. Standardized meals, identical in all 4 periods, with similar nutritional value were served. Bedside ECG results confirmed that the moxifloxacin peak effect was delayed in the fed state and showed that the Fridericia corrected QT prolongation induced by moxifloxacin persisted until the end of the 24-hour measurement period. The use of continuous Holter monitoring provided further insight, as it revealed that the moxifloxacin effect on QTc was influenced by diurnal and nocturnal environmental factors, and hysteresis effects were noticeable. The findings suggested that moxifloxacin prolongs QTc beyond its elimination from the blood circulation. This is of relevance to current concentration-effect modeling approaches, which presume the absence of hysteresis effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Täubel
- Richmond Pharmacology Ltd., St George's University of London, London, UK.,Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Georg Ferber
- Statistik Georg Ferber GmbH, Riehen, Switzerland
| | - Sara Fernandes
- Richmond Pharmacology Ltd., St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - A John Camm
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
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48
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Thomsen MB, Nielsen MS, Aarup A, Bisgaard LS, Pedersen TX. Uremia increases QRS duration after β-adrenergic stimulation in mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13720. [PMID: 29984555 PMCID: PMC6036105 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and uremia increase the risk of heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Coronary artery disease can only partly account for this. The remaining mechanistic links between CKD and sudden death are elusive, but may involve cardiac arrhythmias. For the present study, we hypothesized that a thorough electrophysiological study in mice with CKD would provide us valuable information that could aid in the identification of additional underlying causes of sudden cardiac death in patients with kidney disease. Partial (5/6) nephrectomy (NX) in mice induced mild CKD: plasma urea in NX was 24 ± 1 mmol/L (n = 23) versus 12 ± 1 mmol/L (n = 22) in sham-operated control mice (P < 0.05). Echocardiography did not identify structural or mechanical remodeling in NX mice. Baseline ECG parameters were comparable in conscious NX and control mice; however, the normal 24-h diurnal rhythm in QRS duration was lost in NX mice. Moreover, β-adrenergic stimulation (isoprenaline, 200 μg/kg intraperitoneally) prolonged QRS duration in conscious NX mice (from 12 ± 1 to 15 ± 2 msec, P < 0.05), but not in sham-operated controls (from 13 ± 1 to 13 ± 2 msec, P > 0.05). No spontaneous arrhythmias were observed in conscious NX mice, and intracardiac pacing in anesthetized mice showed a comparable arrhythmia vulnerability in NX and sham-operated mice. Isoprenaline (2 mg/kg intraperitoneally) changed the duration of the QRS complex from 11.2 ± 0.4 to 11.9 ± 0.5 (P = 0.06) in NX mice and from 10.7 ± 0.6 to 10.6 ± 0.6 (P = 0.50) in sham-operated mice. Ex vivo measurements of cardiac ventricular conduction velocity were comparable in NX and sham mice. Transcriptional activity of Scn5a, Gja1 and several profibrotic genes was similar in NX and sham mice. We conclude that proper kidney function is necessary to maintain diurnal variation in QRS duration and that sympathetic regulation of the QRS duration is altered in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten B. Thomsen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Morten S. Nielsen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Annemarie Aarup
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Line S. Bisgaard
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Tanja X. Pedersen
- Department of Biomedical SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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49
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Montaigne D, Coisne A, Marechal X, Lefebvre P, Staels B. Daytime variations in perioperative myocardial injury - Authors' reply. Lancet 2018; 391:2106. [PMID: 29856343 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)30758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Montaigne
- University of Lille, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-Lille, France; University Hospital CHU Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
| | - Augustin Coisne
- University of Lille, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-Lille, France; University Hospital CHU Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Marechal
- University of Lille, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Philippe Lefebvre
- University of Lille, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bart Staels
- University of Lille, EGID, F-59000 Lille, France; Inserm, U1011, F-Lille, France; University Hospital CHU Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
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50
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Rodrigo GC, Herbert KE. Regulation of vascular function and blood pressure by circadian variation in redox signalling. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:115-120. [PMID: 29106991 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.10.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is accumulating evidence that makes the link between the circadian variation in blood pressure and circadian variations in vascular contraction. The importance of vascular endothelium-derived redox-active and redox-derived species in the signalling pathways involved in controlling vascular smooth muscle contraction are well known, and when linked to the circadian variations in the processes involved in generating these species, suggests a cellular mechanism for the circadian variations in blood pressure that links directly to the peripheral circadian clock. Relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells involves endothelial-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) which is nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), and endothelial-derived hyperpolarising factor (EDHF) which includes hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) produced by NADPH oxidase (Nox). Both of these enzymes appear to be under the direct control of the circadian clock mechanism in the endothelial cells, and disruption to the clock results in endothelial and vascular dysfunction. In this review, we focus on EDRF and EDHF and summarise the recent findings on the influence of the peripheral circadian clock mechanism on processes involved in generating the redox species involved and how this influences vascular contractility, which may account for some of the circadian variations in blood pressure and peripheral resistance. Moreover, the direct link between the peripheral circadian clock and redox-signalling pathways in the vasculature, has a bearing on vascular endothelial dysfunction in disease and aging, which are both known to lead to dysfunction of the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn C Rodrigo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Karl E Herbert
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Glenfield General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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