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Guglielmini G, Falcinelli E, Piselli E, Mezzasoma AM, Tondi F, Alfonsi L, De Luca C, Fino V, Favilli A, Parrettini S, Minuz P, Torlone E, Gresele P, Gerli S. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with in vivo platelet activation and platelet hyperreactivity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024:S0002-9378(24)00505-2. [PMID: 38582292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with obstetrical and long-term cardiovascular complications. Although platelet hyperresponsiveness in type-2 diabetes mellitus has been well characterized and has been shown to play a crucial role in cardiovascular complications, this aspect has been little studied in gestational diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate platelet reactivity, in vivo platelet activation, and endothelial function in gestational diabetes mellitus in comparison with normal pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective, case-control study of 23 women with gestational diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy pregnant women who were studied at 26 to 28 and 34 to 36 weeks of gestation and at 8 weeks postpartum. Platelet reactivity and in vivo platelet activation, including light transmission aggregometry, PFA-100, platelet activation antigen expression, platelet adhesion under flow, platelet nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species production, and endothelial dysfunction markers, were assessed. RESULTS The study of platelet function showed a condition of platelet hyperreactivity in cases with gestational diabetes mellitus when compared with healthy pregnant women at enrollment, which was further enhanced at the end of pregnancy and tended to decrease 2 months after delivery, although it still remained higher in gestational diabetes mellitus. In vivo platelet activation was also evident in gestational diabetes mellitus, especially at the end of pregnancy, in part persisting up to 8 weeks after delivery. Finally, women with gestational diabetes mellitus showed defective platelet nitric oxide production and endothelial dysfunction when compared with healthy pregnancies. CONCLUSION Our data showed that gestational diabetes mellitus generates a condition of platelet hyperreactivity that in part persists up to 2 months after delivery. Impaired platelet sensitivity to nitric oxide and reduced platelet and endothelial nitric oxide production may contribute to the platelet hyperreactivity condition. Platelet hyperreactivity may play a role in the long-term cardiovascular complications of gestational diabetes mellitus women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guglielmini
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Piselli
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Mezzasoma
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Tondi
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luisa Alfonsi
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina De Luca
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valeria Fino
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Favilli
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Parrettini
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Pietro Minuz
- Unit of General Medicine for the Study and Treatment of Hypertensive Disease, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Torlone
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Sandro Gerli
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre of Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Falcinelli E, Petito E, Gresele P. The role of platelets, neutrophils and endothelium in COVID-19 infection. Expert Rev Hematol 2022; 15:727-745. [PMID: 35930267 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2110061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 is associated to an increased risk of thrombosis, as a result of a complex process that involves the activation of vascular and circulating cells, the release of soluble inflammatory and thrombotic mediators and blood clotting activation. AREAS COVERED This article reviews the pathophysiological role of platelets, neutrophils and the endothelium, and of their interactions, in the thrombotic complications of COVID-19 patients, and the current and future therapeutic approaches targeting these cell types. EXPERT OPINION Virus-induced platelet, neutrophil and endothelial cell changes are crucial triggers of the thrombotic complications and of the adverse evolution of COVID-19. Both the direct interaction with the virus and the associated cytokine storm concur to trigger cell activation in a classical thromboinflammatory vicious circle. Although heparin has proven to be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic weapon for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19-associated thrombosis, it acts downstream of the cascade of events triggered by SARS-CoV-2. The identification of specific molecular targets interrupting the thromboinflammatory cascade upstream, and more specifically acting either on the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with blood and vascular cells or on the specific signalling mechanisms associated with their COVID-19-associated activation, might theoretically offer greater protection with potentially lesser side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Falcinelli
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Petito
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - P Gresele
- Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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3
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Cafaro G, Petito E, Bistoni O, Falcinelli E, Cipriani S, Borghi MC, Bonifacio AF, Giglio E, Alunno A, Perricone C, Gerli R, Gresele P, Bartoloni E. Methotrexate improves endothelial function in early rheumatoid arthritis patients after 3 months of treatment. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:236. [PMID: 36280849 PMCID: PMC9590167 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial dysfunction contributes to increased cardiovascular (CV) disease in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Angiogenic T cells (Tang) are a key regulator of vascular function via their interaction with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Methotrexate (MTX) has been associated to reduced CV disease risk, but its effects on endothelial homeostasis have been poorly explored. We investigated MTX effects on endothelial homeostasis in early, treatment-naïve RA patients. Methods Fifteen untreated, early RA patients and matched healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. RA patients with long-standing disease in remission or low disease activity treated with MTX for at least 6 months were selected as controls. Circulating CD28+ and CD28null Tang cell, endothelial microparticle (EMP), EPC and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM)-1 levels were measured. Results Tang percentage was higher in early RA than in HCs and significantly increased after 3-month MTX treatment. Tang cells in RA were characterized by higher percentage of CD28null and lower CD28-positive cells than HCs. MTX restored a Tang cell phenotype similar to HCs. Altered sVCAM-1, EMP and EPC were restored to levels similar to HCs after a 3-month MTX. Biomarker levels after 3 months of MTX were not different to those of patients with long-standing treatment. Conclusions MTX has a positive effect on Tang, sVCAM-1, EPCs and EMPs in RA. Restoration of imbalance between CD28 + and CD28null Tang by MTX may be one of the mechanisms underlying its favourable effects on endothelial dysfunction. These effects seem to be long-lasting and independent from systemic inflammation reduction, suggesting a direct effect of MTX on the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cafaro
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petito
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Onelia Bistoni
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cipriani
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Borghi
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Angelo F. Bonifacio
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elisa Giglio
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy ,grid.158820.60000 0004 1757 2611Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Carlo Perricone
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- grid.9027.c0000 0004 1757 3630Rheumatology Unit, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Momi S, Falcinelli E, Petito E, Ciarrocca Taranta G, Ossoli A, Gresele P. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 on activated platelets triggers endothelial PAR-1 initiating atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:504-514. [PMID: 34529782 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Platelets participate in atherogenesis with mechanisms not yet fully clarified. Vascular wall MMP-2 is involved in the arterial remodelling accompanying atherosclerosis. Platelets contain and release MMP-2 but no informations are available on its role in atherosclerotic lesion formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated double knockout mice lacking the LDL receptor and MMP-2 only in circulating blood cells showing that they develop significantly lesser femoral intima thickening after photochemical-induced arterial damage and atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, measured by the en face method, after 4 months of atherogenic diet. Moreover, repeated transfusions of autologous-activated platelets in LDLR-/- mice on atherogenic diet significantly enhanced the extension of aortic atherosclerotic lesions while transfusion of activated platelets from MMP-2-/- mice did not. In vitro coincubation studies showed that platelet-derived MMP-2 plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis through a complex cross-talk between activated platelets, monocyte/macrophages, and endothelial cells. Translational studies in patients with CAD and chronic HIV infection showed that platelet surface expression of MMP-2 highly significantly correlated with the degree of carotid artery stenosis. CONCLUSION We show a previously unknown mechanism of the pathway through which platelets expressing MMP-2 trigger the initial phases of atherosclerosis and provide a mechanism showing that they activate endothelial PAR-1 triggering endothelial p38MAPK signalling and the expression of adhesion molecules. The development of drugs blocking selectively platelet MMP-2 or its expression may represent a new approach to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Momi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciarrocca Taranta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacologic and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, via delle Corse, Milan 06132, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
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5
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Gresele P, Falcinelli E, Momi S, Petito E, Sebastiano M. Platelets and Matrix Metalloproteinases: A Bidirectional Interaction with Multiple Pathophysiologic Implications. Hamostaseologie 2021; 41:136-145. [PMID: 33860521 DOI: 10.1055/a-1393-8339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets contain and release several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a highly conserved protein family with multiple functions in organism defense and repair. Platelet-released MMPs as well as MMPs generated by other cells within the cardiovascular system modulate platelet function in health and disease. In particular, a normal hemostatic platelet response to vessel wall injury may be transformed into pathological thrombus formation by platelet-released and/or by locally generated MMPs. However, it is becoming increasingly clear that platelets play a role not only in hemostasis but also in immune response, inflammation and allergy, atherosclerosis, and cancer development, and MMPs seem to contribute importantly to this role. A deeper understanding of these mechanisms may open the way to novel therapeutic approaches to the inhibition of their pathogenic effects and lead to significant advances in the treatment of cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Falcinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - S Momi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - E Petito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Sebastiano
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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6
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Vial G, Gensous N, Duffau P. [The CD40-CD40L axis: Current and future implications in clinical immunology]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 42:722-728. [PMID: 33674076 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway is a backbone of communication between cells of the immune system. It makes it possible to generate a proinflammatory signal and thus participates in the pathogenesis of dysimmune diseases, transplant rejection and atherosclerosis. Because of this therapeutic target of choice, several generations of anti-CD40L monoclonal antibodies have emerged since the 1990s. The first generation of antibodies was responsible for thromboembolic toxicity for which the mechanisms are starting to be defined. New generations of antibodies were designed to overcome this toxicity and are still being developed in lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome or immunologic thrombocytopenia. In addition to these targeted therapies, there are data suggesting the impact of several drugs among molecules used in cardiology and clinical immunology on the level of CD40L. The objective of this review is to recall the clinical issues related to the CD40-CD40L axis and to present current or future treatments that block CD40L which would allow clinicians to diversify their options for managing dysimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vial
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - N Gensous
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - P Duffau
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital Centre of Bordeaux, Saint-André Hospital, 33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS UMR 5164, Immuno ConcEpT, Bordeaux University, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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7
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Grosdidier C, Blanz KD, Deharo P, Bernot D, Poggi M, Bastelica D, Wolf D, Duerschmied D, Grino M, Cuisset T, Alessi M, Canault M. Platelet CD40 ligand and bleeding during P2Y12 inhibitor treatment in acute coronary syndrome. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2019; 3:684-694. [PMID: 31624788 PMCID: PMC6781928 DOI: 10.1002/rth2.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet therapy through inhibition of the adenosine diphosphate (ADP)/P2Y12 pathway is commonly used in the treatment of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Although efficient in preventing platelet activation and thrombus formation, it increases the risk of bleeding complications. In patients with ACS receiving platelet aggregation inhibitors, that is, P2Y12 blockers (n = 923), we investigated the relationship between plasma and platelet-associated CD40L levels and bleeding events (n = 71). Treatment with P2Y12 inhibitors in patients with ACS did not affect plasma-soluble CD40L levels, but decreased platelet CD40L surface expression (pCD40L) and platelet-released CD40L (rCD40L) levels in response to stimulation as compared to healthy controls. In vitro inhibition of the ADP pathway in healthy control platelets reduced both pCD40L and rCD40L levels. In a multivariable analysis, the reduced pCD40L level observed in ACS patients was significantly associated with the risk of bleeding occurrence (adjusted odds ratio = 0.15; 95% confidence interval = 0.034-0.67). P2Y12 inhibitor-treated (ticagrelor) mice exhibited a 2.5-fold increase in tail bleeding duration compared with controls. A significant reduction in bleeding duration was observed on CD40L+/+ but not CD40L-/- platelet infusion. In addition, CD40L blockade in P2Y12 inhibitor-treated blood samples from a healthy human reduced thrombus growth over immobilized collagen under arterial flow. In conclusion, measurement of pCD40L may offer a novel approach to assessing bleeding risk in patients with ACS who are being treated with P2Y12 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Grosdidier
- Aix Marseille UniversityINSERM, INRA, C2VNMarseilleFrance
- Hematology LaboratoryAPHM, CHU TimoneMarseilleFrance
| | - Kelly D. Blanz
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Pierre Deharo
- Department of CardiologyAPHM, CHU TimoneMarseilleFrance
| | - Denis Bernot
- Hematology LaboratoryAPHM, CHU TimoneMarseilleFrance
| | - Marjorie Poggi
- Aix Marseille UniversityINSERM, INRA, C2VNMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology IHeart Center Freiburg UniversityFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology IHeart Center Freiburg UniversityFreiburgGermany
- Faculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg im BreisgauGermany
| | - Michel Grino
- Aix Marseille UniversityINSERM, INRA, C2VNMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Marie‐Christine Alessi
- Aix Marseille UniversityINSERM, INRA, C2VNMarseilleFrance
- Hematology LaboratoryAPHM, CHU TimoneMarseilleFrance
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Platelet communication with the vascular wall: role of platelet-derived microparticles and non-coding RNAs. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1875-1888. [PMID: 30185611 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Platelets play an important role in vascular homeostasis through their interaction with circulating blood cells as well as the vascular wall. Platelet-mediated communication with other cells can take the form of direct cell-cell interactions via membrane receptors or indirectly through the release of different soluble factors stored in their granules as well as through the release of microparticles. The latter carry different proteins and RNAs which are transferred to the target cells. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of platelet-derived factors, adhesion molecules as well as RNAs as mediators of the cross-talk between platelets and the vessel wall.
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9
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Alunno A, Falcinelli E, Luccioli F, Petito E, Bartoloni E, Momi S, Mirabelli G, Mancini GB, Gerli R, Gresele P. Platelets Contribute to the Accumulation of Matrix Metalloproteinase Type 2 in Synovial Fluid in Osteoarthritis. Thromb Haemost 2017; 117:2116-2124. [PMID: 28981555 DOI: 10.1160/th17-06-0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a role in the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA), a chronic degenerative joint disorder. Platelets are inflammatory cells, contain and release matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and favour the release of these enzymes, key effectors of cartilage and subchondral bone degradation, by other cells; however, their role in OA has not been investigated yet. Our aims were (1) to assess the presence of platelets and of MMP-2 in synovial fluid (SF) of OA patients; (2) to evaluate the contribution of platelets to MMP-2 release by fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS); and (3) to investigate if hyaluronic acid (HA) interferes with these processes. SF was collected from 27 OA patients before and after treatment with intra-articular HA (20 mg/2 mL). Moreover, FLS were co-cultured with platelets, and the release of MMP-2 in supernatants was measured. Our results show that platelets are present in OA SF and show markers of activation. OA SF also contains relevant amounts of MMP-2. Co-incubation of platelets with FLS favours the release of MMP-2 by the interaction of platelet surface P-selectin with FLS CD44 by a mechanism involving the activation of pAkt and pSrc in FLS. Administration of HA to OA patients decreased the infiltration of platelets in SF and reduced the levels of MMP-2. The addition of HA in vitro inhibited the release of MMP-2 by FLS triggered by the interaction with platelets. In conclusion, our data show that platelets may contribute to joint degeneration in OA by favouring the accumulation of MMP-2 in SF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Filippo Luccioli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petito
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Elena Bartoloni
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Momi
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mirabelli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Mancini
- Division of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gerli
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.,Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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10
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Fuentes E, Rojas A, Palomo I. NF-κB signaling pathway as target for antiplatelet activity. Blood Rev 2016; 30:309-15. [PMID: 27075489 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In different nucleated cells, NF-κB has long been considered a prototypical proinflammatory signaling pathway with the expression of proinflammatory genes. Although platelets lack a nucleus, a number of functional transcription factors are involved in activated platelets, such as NF-κB. In platelet activation NF-κB regulation events include IKKβ phosphorylation, IκBα degradation, and p65 phosphorylation. Multiple pathways contribute to platelet activation and NF-κB is a common pathway in this activation. Therefore, in platelet activation the modulation of NF-κB pathway could be a potential new target in the treatment of inflammation-related vascular disease therapy (antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Fuentes
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Talca, Chile.
| | - Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), CONICYT-Regional, Gore Maule, R09I2001, Talca, Chile.
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11
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Intrinsic FGF2 and FGF5 promotes angiogenesis of human aortic endothelial cells in 3D microfluidic angiogenesis system. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28832. [PMID: 27357248 PMCID: PMC4928073 DOI: 10.1038/srep28832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body contains different endothelial cell types and differences in their angiogenic potential are poorly understood. We compared the functional angiogenic ability of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) using a three-dimensional (3D) microfluidic cell culture system. HAECs and HUVECs exhibited similar cellular characteristics in a 2D culture system; however, in the 3D microfluidic angiogenesis system, HAECs exhibited stronger angiogenic potential than HUVECs. Interestingly, the expression level of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)2 and FGF5 under vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A stimulation was significantly higher in HAECs than in HUVECs. Moreover, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of FGF2 and FGF5 more significantly attenuated vascular sprouting induced from HAECs than HUVECs. Our results suggest that HAECs have greater angiogenic potential through FGF2 and FGF5 upregulation and could be a compatible endothelial cell type to achieve robust angiogenesis.
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Felicetti L, Femminella M, Reali G, Gresele P, Malvestiti M, Daigle JN. Modeling CD40-Based Molecular Communications in Blood Vessels. IEEE Trans Nanobioscience 2014; 13:230-43. [DOI: 10.1109/tnb.2014.2340134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Tomkiewicz-Pajak L, Hoffman P, Trojnarska O, Lipczyńska M, Podolec P, Undas A. Abnormalities in blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, and platelet activation in adult patients after the Fontan procedure. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 147:1284-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2013.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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14
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Falcinelli E, Francisci D, Belfiori B, Petito E, Guglielmini G, Malincarne L, Mezzasoma A, Sebastiano M, Conti V, Giannini S, Bonora S, Baldelli F, Gresele P. In vivo platelet activation and platelet hyperreactivity in abacavir-treated HIV-infected patients. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:349-57. [PMID: 23703656 DOI: 10.1160/th12-07-0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Abacavir (ABC) has been associated with ischaemic cardiovascular events in HIV-infected patients, but the pathogenic mechanisms are unknown. Aim of our study was to assess whether ABC induces in vivo platelet activation and ex vivo platelet hyper-reactivity. In a retrospective, case-control study, in vivo platelet activation markers were measured in 69 HIV-infected patients, before starting therapy and after 6-12 months of either ABC (n=35) or tenofovir (TDF) (n=34), and compared with those from 20 untreated HIV-infected patients. A subgroup of patients was restudied after 28-34 months for ex vivo platelet reactivity. In vivo platelet activation markers were assessed by ELISA or flow cytometry, ex vivo platelet reactivity by light transmission aggregometry (LTA) and PFA-100®. Thein vitro effects of the ABC metabolite, carbovir triphosphate, on aggregation and intra-platelet cGMP were also studied. sPLA2, sPsel and sGPV increased significantly 6-12 months after the beginning of ABC, but not of TDF or of no treatment. Ex vivo platelet function studies showed enhanced LTA, shorter PFA-100® C/ADP closure time and enhanced platelet expression of P-sel and CD40L in the ABC group. The intake of ABC blunted the increase of intraplatelet cGMP induced by nitric oxide (NO) and acutely enhanced collagen-induced aggregation. Preincubation of control platelets with carbovir triphosphate in vitro enhanced platelet aggregation and blunted NO-induced cGMP elevation. In conclusion, treatment with ABC enhances in vivo platelet activation and induces platelet hyperreactivity by blunting the inhibitory effects of NO on platelets. These effects may lead to an increase of ischaemic cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Falcinelli
- Division of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Via E. dal Pozzo, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Bontadi A, Ruffatti A, Falcinelli E, Giannini S, Marturano A, Tonello M, Hoxha A, Pengo V, Punzi L, Momi S, Gresele P. Platelet and endothelial activation in catastrophic and quiescent antiphospholipid syndrome. Thromb Haemost 2013; 109:901-8. [PMID: 23572134 DOI: 10.1160/th12-03-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) seem to induce a prothrombotic state by activating endothelium and platelets, but no studies have evaluated systematically the effects of aPL from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) in quiescent versus catastrophic phase. Our aims were to evaluate the in vitro effects on platelet activation of anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GPI) antibodiesisolated from APS patientin either quiescent or catastrophic phase and to investigate ex vivo platelet and endothelial activation in patients with quiescent or catastrophic APS. Anti-β2GPI antibodies were isolated from plasma of a pregnant woman in two different stages of APS (quiescent and catastrophic, respectively). They were co-incubated with washed platelets from healthy controls that were then challenged with TRAP-6 (thrombin receptor activating peptide 6) and the expression of P- selectin (P-sel) on platelets was assessed by flow cytometry. Moreover, plasma samples from six patients with quiescent, four with catastrophic APS and 10 controls were assessed for several markers of platelet and endothelial activation. The results showed that purified anti-β2GPI antibodies co-incubated with platelets enhanced TRAP-6- induced platelet P-sel expression. Notably, anti-β2GPI antibodies isolated during the catastrophic phase enhanced platelet P-sel expression more than antibodies isolated from the same patient in the quiescent stage of disease. Moreover, APS patients had significantly higher plasma levels of soluble (s) Psel, sCD40 ligand, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 than control subjects. In addition, sP-sel and von Willebrand factor activity were significantly higher during catastrophic than in quiescent phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bontadi
- Reumatologia, Policlinico Universitario, Via Giustiniani 2, Padua, Italy.
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16
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Gleim S, Stitham J, Tang WH, Martin KA, Hwa J. An eicosanoid-centric view of atherothrombotic risk factors. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3361-80. [PMID: 22491820 PMCID: PMC3691514 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-0982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2012] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the foremost cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western world. Atherosclerosis followed by thrombosis (atherothrombosis) is the pathological process underlying most myocardial, cerebral, and peripheral vascular events. Atherothrombosis is a complex and heterogeneous inflammatory process that involves interactions between many cell types (including vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, macrophages, and platelets) and processes (including migration, proliferation, and activation). Despite a wealth of knowledge from many recent studies using knockout mouse and human genetic studies (GWAS and candidate approach) identifying genes and proteins directly involved in these processes, traditional cardiovascular risk factors (hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus, sex, and age) remain the most useful predictor of disease. Eicosanoids (20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid derivatives of arachidonic acid and other essential fatty acids) are emerging as important regulators of cardiovascular disease processes. Drugs indirectly modulating these signals, including COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors, have proven to play major roles in the atherothrombotic process. However, the complexity of their roles and regulation by opposing eicosanoid signaling, have contributed to the lack of therapies directed at the eicosanoid receptors themselves. This is likely to change, as our understanding of the structure, signaling, and function of the eicosanoid receptors improves. Indeed, a major advance is emerging from the characterization of dysfunctional naturally occurring mutations of the eicosanoid receptors. In light of the proven and continuing importance of risk factors, we have elected to focus on the relationship between eicosanoids and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Gleim
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Jeremiah Stitham
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Wai Ho Tang
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Kathleen A. Martin
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511
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PALOMO IVÁN, FUENTES EDUARDO, PADRÓ TERESA, BADIMON LINA. Platelets and atherogenesis: Platelet anti-aggregation activity and endothelial protection from tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Exp Ther Med 2012; 3:577-584. [PMID: 22969932 PMCID: PMC3438755 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that platelets are not only involved in the arterial thrombotic process, but also that they play an active role in the inflammatory process of atherogenesis from the beginning. The interaction between platelets and endothelial cells occurs in two manners: activated platelets unite with intact endothelial cells, or platelets in resting adhere to activated endothelium. In this context, inhibition of the platelet function (adhesion/aggregation) could contribute to the prevention of atherothrombosis, the leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity. This can be achieved with antiplatelet agents. However, at the public health level, the level of primary prevention, a healthy diet has also been shown to exert beneficial effects. Among those elements of a healthy diet, the consumption of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) stands out for its effect on platelet anti-aggregation activity and endothelial protection, which may be beneficial for cardiovascular health. This article briefly discusses the involvement of platelets in atherogenesis and the possible mechanisms of action provided by tomatoes for platelet anti-aggregation activity and endothelial protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- IVÁN PALOMO
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Gore Maule, Talca,
Chile
| | - EDUARDO FUENTES
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Talca
- Centro de Estudios en Alimentos Procesados (CEAP), Conicyt-Regional, Gore Maule, Talca,
Chile
| | - TERESA PADRÓ
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, CiberOBENU, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona,
Spain
| | - LINA BADIMON
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau-Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau, CiberOBENU, Instituto Carlos III, Barcelona,
Spain
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18
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Wan MH, Huang W, Latawiec D, Jiang K, Booth DM, Elliott V, Mukherjee R, Xia Q. Review of experimental animal models of biliary acute pancreatitis and recent advances in basic research. HPB (Oxford) 2012; 14:73-81. [PMID: 22221567 PMCID: PMC3277048 DOI: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2011.00408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a formidable disease, which, in severe forms, causes significant mortality. Biliary AP, or gallstone obstruction-associated AP, accounts for 30-50% of all clinical cases of AP. In biliary AP, pancreatic acinar cell (PAC) death (the initiating event in the disease) is believed to occur as acinar cells make contact with bile salts when bile refluxes into the pancreatic duct. Recent advances have unveiled an important receptor responsible for the major function of bile acids on acinar cells, namely, the cell surface G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor-1 (Gpbar1), located in the apical pole of the PAC. High concentrations of bile acids induce cytosolic Ca(2+) overload and inhibit mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, resulting in cell injury to both PACs and pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Various bile salts are employed to induce experimental AP, most commonly sodium taurocholate. Recent characterization of taurolithocholic acid 3-sulphate on PACs has led researchers to focus on this bile salt because of its potency in causing acinar cell injury at relatively low, sub-detergent concentrations, which strongly implicates action via the receptor Gpbar1. Improved surgical techniques have enabled the infusion of bile salts into the pancreatic duct to induce experimental biliary AP in mice, which allows the use of these transgenic animals as powerful tools. This review summarizes recent findings using transgenic mice in experimental biliary AP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei H Wan
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China,Liverpool National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Diane Latawiec
- Liverpool National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Kun Jiang
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
| | - David M Booth
- Liverpool National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Victoria Elliott
- Liverpool National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Rajarshi Mukherjee
- Liverpool National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) Pancreas Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, University of LiverpoolLiverpool, UK
| | - Qing Xia
- Pancreatic Diseases Research Group, Department of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengdu, China
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