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Li X, Luo W, Tang Y, Wu J, Zhang J, Chen S, Zhou L, Tao Y, Tang Y, Wang F, Huang Y, Jose PA, Guo L, Zeng C. Semaglutide attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by ameliorating BNIP3-Mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103129. [PMID: 38574433 PMCID: PMC11000183 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Doxorubicin is a powerful chemotherapeutic agent for cancer, whose use is limited due to its potential cardiotoxicity. Semaglutide (SEMA), a novel analog of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), has received widespread attention for the treatment of diabetes. However, increasing evidence has highlighted its potential therapeutic benefits on cardiac function. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of semaglutide in ameliorating doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS AND RESULTS Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is an established model to study cardiac function. Cardiac function was studied by transthoracic echocardiography and invasive hemodynamic monitoring. The results showed that semaglutide significantly ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction. RNA sequencing suggested that Bnip3 is the candidate gene that impaired the protective effect of semaglutide in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. To determine the role of BNIP3 on the effect of semaglutide in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, BNIP3 with adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) expressing cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter was injected into tail vein of C57/BL6J mice to overexpress BNIP3, specifically in the heart. Overexpression of BNIP3 prevented the improvement in cardiac function caused by semaglutide. In vitro experiments showed that semaglutide, via PI3K/AKT pathway, reduced BNIP3 expression in the mitochondria, improving mitochondrial function. CONCLUSION Semaglutide ameliorates doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial and cardiac dysfunction via PI3K/AKT pathway, by reducing BNIP3 expression in mitochondria. The improvement in mitochondrial function reduces doxorubicin-mediated cardiac injury and improves cardiac function. Therefore, semaglutide is a potential therapy to reduce doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbin Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangjiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Junkai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengnan Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanjuan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiology, The Third People's Hospital of Hospital of Chengdu, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengxian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Li Guo
- Endocrinology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease Research, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center, Chongqing Institute of Cardiology, Chongqing, China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Center of Chongqing College, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China.
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Liu J, Wu Y, Meng S, Xu P, Li S, Li Y, Hu X, Ouyang L, Wang G. Selective autophagy in cancer: mechanisms, therapeutic implications, and future perspectives. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:22. [PMID: 38262996 PMCID: PMC10807193 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells engage in autophagy, an internal process of self-degradation through lysosomes. Autophagy can be classified as selective or non-selective depending on the way it chooses to degrade substrates. During the process of selective autophagy, damaged and/or redundant organelles like mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes, and lipid droplets are selectively recycled. Specific cargo is delivered to autophagosomes by specific receptors, isolated and engulfed. Selective autophagy dysfunction is closely linked with cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, heart failure, etc. Through reviewing latest research, this review summarized molecular markers and important signaling pathways for selective autophagy, and its significant role in cancers. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule compounds targeting selective autophagy for their potential application in anti-tumor therapy, elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved. This review aims to supply important scientific references and development directions for the biological mechanisms and drug discovery of anti-tumor targeting selective autophagy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Liu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongya Wu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Sha Meng
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Emergency Department, Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Zigong, 643000, China
| | - Shutong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yong Li
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiuying Hu
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Guan Wang
- Innovation Center of Nursing Research, Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University /West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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3
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Delgado JM, Shepard LW, Lamson SW, Liu SL, Shoemaker CJ. The ER membrane protein complex restricts mitophagy by controlling BNIP3 turnover. EMBO J 2024; 43:32-60. [PMID: 38177312 PMCID: PMC10883272 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-023-00006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of autophagy receptors is a common proxy for selective autophagy. However, we find that two established mitophagy receptors, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX, are constitutively delivered to lysosomes in an autophagy-independent manner. This alternative lysosomal delivery of BNIP3 accounts for nearly all its lysosome-mediated degradation, even upon mitophagy induction. To identify how BNIP3, a tail-anchored protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is delivered to lysosomes, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen for factors influencing BNIP3 flux. This screen revealed both known modifiers of BNIP3 stability as well as a pronounced reliance on endolysosomal components, including the ER membrane protein complex (EMC). Importantly, the endolysosomal system and the ubiquitin-proteosome system regulated BNIP3 independently. Perturbation of either mechanism is sufficient to modulate BNIP3-associated mitophagy and affect underlying cellular physiology. More broadly, these findings extend recent models for tail-anchored protein quality control and install endosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation in the canon of pathways that tightly regulate endogenous tail-anchored protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Logan Wallace Shepard
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sarah W Lamson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Samantha L Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Christopher J Shoemaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA.
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA.
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4
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O'Grady SM, Kita H. ATP functions as a primary alarmin in allergen-induced type 2 immunity. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1369-C1386. [PMID: 37842751 PMCID: PMC10861152 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00370.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental allergens that interact with the airway epithelium can activate cellular stress pathways that lead to the release of danger signals known as alarmins. The mechanisms of alarmin release are distinct from damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which typically escape from cells after loss of plasma membrane integrity. Oxidative stress represents a form of allergen-induced cellular stress that stimulates oxidant-sensing mechanisms coupled to pathways, which facilitate alarmin mobilization and efflux across the plasma membrane. In this review, we highlight examples of alarmin release and discuss their roles in the initiation of type 2 immunity and allergic airway inflammation. In addition, we discuss the concept of alarmin amplification, where "primary" alarmins, which are directly released in response to a specific cellular stress, stimulate additional signaling pathways that lead to secretion of "secondary" alarmins that include proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-33, as well as genomic and mitochondrial DNA that coordinate or amplify type 2 immunity. Accordingly, allergen-evoked cellular stress can elicit a hierarchy of alarmin signaling responses from the airway epithelium that trigger local innate immune reactions, impact adaptive immunity, and exacerbate diseases including asthma and other chronic inflammatory conditions that affect airway function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M O'Grady
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, United States
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5
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Titus AS, Sung EA, Zablocki D, Sadoshima J. Mitophagy for cardioprotection. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:42. [PMID: 37798455 PMCID: PMC10556134 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is maintained by several strictly coordinated mechanisms, collectively termed mitochondrial quality control mechanisms, including fusion and fission, degradation, and biogenesis. As the primary source of energy in cardiomyocytes, mitochondria are the central organelle for maintaining cardiac function. Since adult cardiomyocytes in humans rarely divide, the number of dysfunctional mitochondria cannot easily be diluted through cell division. Thus, efficient degradation of dysfunctional mitochondria is crucial to maintaining cellular function. Mitophagy, a mitochondria specific form of autophagy, is a major mechanism by which damaged or unnecessary mitochondria are targeted and eliminated. Mitophagy is active in cardiomyocytes at baseline and in response to stress, and plays an essential role in maintaining the quality of mitochondria in cardiomyocytes. Mitophagy is mediated through multiple mechanisms in the heart, and each of these mechanisms can partially compensate for the loss of another mechanism. However, insufficient levels of mitophagy eventually lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and the development of heart failure. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy in the heart and the role of mitophagy in cardiac pathophysiology, with the focus on recent findings in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen Sam Titus
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Eun-Ah Sung
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Daniela Zablocki
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, MSB G-609, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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6
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Guo H, Bechtel-Walz W. The Interplay of Autophagy and Oxidative Stress in the Kidney: What Do We Know? Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:627-642. [PMID: 37442108 DOI: 10.1159/000531290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy, as an indispensable metabolism, plays pivotal roles in maintaining intracellular homeostasis. Nutritional stress, amino acid deficiency, oxidative stress, and hypoxia can trigger its initiation. Oxidative stress in the kidney activates essential signal molecules, like mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and silent mating-type information regulation 2 homolog-1 (SIRT1), to stimulate autophagy, ultimately leading to degradation of intracellular oxidative substances and damaged organelles. Growing evidence suggests that autophagy protects the kidney from oxidative stress during acute ischemic kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, and even aging. SUMMARY This review emphasizes the cross talk between reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways and autophagy during renal homeostasis and chronic kidney disease according to the current latest research and provides therapeutic targets during kidney disorders by adjusting autophagy and suppressing oxidative stress. KEY MESSAGES ROS arise through an imbalance of oxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms, leading to impaired cellular and organ function. Targeting the overproduction of ROS and reactive nitrogen species, reducing the antioxidant enzyme activity and the recovery of the prooxidative-antioxidative balance provide novel therapeutic regimens to contribute to recovery in acute and chronic renal failure. Although, in recent years, great progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and autophagy in acute and chronic renal failure, the focus on clinical therapies is still in its infancy. The growing number of studies on the interactive mechanisms of oxidative stress-mediated autophagy will be of great importance for the future treatment and prevention of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Guo
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Wibke Bechtel-Walz
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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7
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Delgado JM, Wallace Shepard L, Lamson SW, Liu SL, Shoemaker CJ. The ER membrane protein complex governs lysosomal turnover of a mitochondrial tail-anchored protein, BNIP3, to restrict mitophagy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.22.533681. [PMID: 36993512 PMCID: PMC10055395 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.22.533681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal degradation of autophagy receptors is a common proxy for selective autophagy. However, we find that two established mitophagy receptors, BNIP3 and BNIP3L/NIX, violate this assumption. Rather, BNIP3 and NIX are constitutively delivered to lysosomes in an autophagy-independent manner. This alternative lysosomal delivery of BNIP3 accounts for nearly all of its lysosome-mediated degradation, even upon mitophagy induction. To identify how BNIP3, a tail-anchored protein in the outer mitochondrial membrane, is delivered to lysosomes, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR screen for factors influencing BNIP3 flux. By this approach, we revealed both known modifiers of BNIP3 stability as well as a pronounced reliance on endolysosomal components, including the ER membrane protein complex (EMC). Importantly, the endolysosomal system regulates BNIP3 alongside, but independent of, the ubiquitin-proteosome system (UPS). Perturbation of either mechanism is sufficient to modulate BNIP3-associated mitophagy and affect underlying cellular physiology. In short, while BNIP3 can be cleared by parallel and partially compensatory quality control pathways, non-autophagic lysosomal degradation of BNIP3 is a strong post-translational modifier of BNIP3 function. More broadly, these data reveal an unanticipated connection between mitophagy and TA protein quality control, wherein the endolysosomal system provides a critical axis for regulating cellular metabolism. Moreover, these findings extend recent models for tail-anchored protein quality control and install endosomal trafficking and lysosomal degradation in the canon of pathways that ensure tight regulation of endogenous TA protein localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Delgado
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Logan Wallace Shepard
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Sarah W Lamson
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Samantha L Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
| | - Christopher J Shoemaker
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH
- Dartmouth Cancer Center, Lebanon, NH, USA
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8
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Li Y, Ouyang Q, Chen W, Liu K, Zhang B, Yao J, Zhang S, Ding J, Cong M, Xu A. An iron-dependent form of non-canonical ferroptosis induced by labile iron. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023; 66:516-527. [PMID: 36515861 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2244-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently identified iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation. Here, we report a novel iron-dependent form of ferroptosis induced by labile iron and investigate the mechanism underlying this process. We find that labile iron-induced ferroptosis is distinct from canonical ferroptosis and is linked to the mitochondrial pathway. Specifically, the mitochondrial calcium uniporter mediates the ferroptosis induced by labile iron. Interestingly, cells undergoing labile iron-induced ferroptosis exhibit cytoplasmic features of oncosis and nuclear features of apoptosis. Furthermore, labile iron-induced ferroptosis involves a unique set of genes. Finally, labile iron-induced ferroptosis was observed in liver subjected to acute iron overload in vivo. Our study reveals a novel form of ferroptosis that may be implicated in diseases caused by acute injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmeng Li
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jingyi Yao
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Junying Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Basic Research with Traditional Chinese Medicine on Infectious Diseases, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100010, China.
| | - Min Cong
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Anjian Xu
- Beijing Clinical Research Institute, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.
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9
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Li J, Yang D, Li Z, Zhao M, Wang D, Sun Z, Wen P, Dai Y, Gou F, Ji Y, Zhao D, Yang L. PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 84:101817. [PMID: 36503124 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play key roles in bioenergetics, metabolism, and signaling; therefore, stable mitochondrial function is essential for cell survival, particularly in energy-intensive neuronal cells. In neurodegenerative diseases, damaged mitochondria accumulate in neurons causing associated bioenergetics deficiency, impaired cell signaling, defective cytoplasmic calcium buffering, and other pathological changes. Mitochondrial quality control is an important mechanism to ensure the maintenance of mitochondrial health, homeostasis, and mitophagy, the latter of which is a pathway that delivers defective mitochondria to the lysosome for degradation. Defective mitophagy is thought to be responsible for the accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which leads to cellular dysfunction and/or death in neurodegenerative diseases. PINK1/Parkin mainly regulates ubiquitin-dependent mitophagy, which is crucial for many aspects of mitochondrial physiology, particularly the initiation of autophagic mechanisms. Therefore, in the present review, we summarize the current knowledge of the conventional mitophagy pathway, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying mitophagy dysregulation in prion disease and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, especially in relation to the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Moreover, we list the inducers of mitophagy that possess neuroprotective effects, in addition to their mechanisms related to the PINK1/Parkin pathway. These mechanisms may provide potential interventions centered on the regulation of mitophagy and offer therapeutic strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Sun
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Wen
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexin Dai
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengting Gou
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yilan Ji
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Deming Zhao
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lifeng Yang
- National Animal Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathy Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, State Key Laboratories for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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10
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Miao F, Li X, Wang C, Yuan H, Wu Z. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed genes in diabetic foot ulcer and preliminary experimental verification. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:89. [PMID: 36819522 PMCID: PMC9929774 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Molecular changes are closely related to the pathogenesis and healing process of diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), and are crucial for the early prediction and intervention of DFU. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was performed in this study to identify the key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in DFU, analyze their functions and function modes, and conduct preliminary experimental verification to determine the potential pivotal genes in the pathogenesis of DFU. Two datasets, GSE68183 and GSE80178, were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). DEGs were obtained using GEO2R. Six co-expressed DEGs (co-DEGs) were obtained by R language analysis. The co-DEGs were constructed by using STRING and Cytoscape 3.7.2 to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, and two hub genes, NHLRC3 and BNIP3, were identified. The BNIP3 gene was selected for further analysis. Co-DEGs were used for Gene Ontology (GO) function analysis using the WebGestalt database, and BNIP3-related biological processes focused on mitochondrial protein decomposition. GO function analysis of the BNIP3 gene and its interacting genes was carried out using the cluster profile package and org.hs.eg. db package of the R language and its biological process was enriched in the cell response to external stimuli and autophagy. Results BNIP3 and its interacting genes were retrieved from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed using the WebGestalt database. The results showed that BNIP3 was significantly correlated with mitochondrial autophagy and the FoxO signaling pathway. The miRDB and TargetScan databases were used to identify the relevant microRNAs (miRNAs) regulating the BNIP3 gene, and it was found that miRNA-182 may be involved in the targeted regulation of BNIP3. Western blot analysis was performed to determine the abnormal expression of BNIP3. Conclusions Our study found that the BNIP3 gene may be a new biomarker and intervention target for DFU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Miao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China;,Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xixi Li
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chenglin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Heju Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China;,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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11
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Liu C, Li Z, Li B, Liu W, Zhang S, Qiu K, Zhu W. Relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy in cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury: a mini-review. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14952. [PMID: 36935924 PMCID: PMC10019339 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), with high morbidity and mortality, seriously affect people's life and social development. Clinically, reperfusion therapy is typically used to treat ischemic cardiomyopathy, such as severe coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. However, reperfusion therapy can lead to myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI), which can affect the prognosis of patients. Studying the mechanisms of MIRI can help us improve the treatment of MIRI. The pathological process of MIRI involves many mechanisms such as ferroptosis and mitophagy. Ferroptosis can exacerbate MIRI, and regulation of mitophagy can alleviate MIRI. Both ferroptosis and mitophagy are closely related to ROS, but there is no clear understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy. In this review, we analyzed the relationship between ferroptosis and mitophagy according to the role of mTOR, NLPR3 and HIF. In addition, simultaneous regulation of mitophagy and ferroptosis may be superior to single therapy for MIRI. We summarized potential drugs that can regulate mitophagy and/or ferroptosis, hoping to provide reference for the development of drugs and methods for MIRI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Liu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zunjiang Li
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Botao Li
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shizhong Zhang
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Kuncheng Qiu
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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12
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Wu L, Wang L, Du Y, Zhang Y, Ren J. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms as therapeutic targets in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:34-49. [PMID: 36396497 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a chemotherapeutic drug that is utilized for solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, but its clinical application is hampered by life-threatening cardiotoxicity including cardiac dilation and heart failure. Mitochondrial quality control processes, including mitochondrial proteostasis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, serve to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis in the cardiovascular system. Importantly, recent advances have unveiled a major role for defective mitochondrial quality control in the etiology of DOX cardiomyopathy. Moreover, specific interventions targeting these quality control mechanisms to preserve mitochondrial function have emerged as potential therapeutic strategies to attenuate DOX cardiotoxicity. However, clinical translation is challenging because of obscure mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects. The purpose of this review is to provide new insights regarding the role of mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of DOX cardiotoxicity, and to explore promising therapeutic approaches targeting these mechanisms to aid clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Litao Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuxin Du
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yingmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology and Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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13
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Qu K, Yan F, Qin X, Zhang K, He W, Dong M, Wu G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1084604. [PMID: 36605901 PMCID: PMC9807884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor causing abnormal function of the endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, and diabetes, promote mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial mitochondria in endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical trial center, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
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14
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Shen X, Sun P, Zhang H, Yang H. Mitochondrial quality control in the brain: The physiological and pathological roles. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1075141. [PMID: 36578825 PMCID: PMC9791200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1075141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brain has high energetic expenses and consumes over 20% of total oxygen metabolism. Abnormal brain energy homeostasis leads to various brain diseases. Among multiple factors that contribute to these diseases, mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the most common causes. Maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and functionality is of pivotal importance to brain energy generation. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC), employing the coordination of multiple mechanisms, is evolved to overcome many mitochondrial defects. Thus, not surprisingly, aberrant mitochondrial quality control results in a wide range of brain disorders. Targeting MQC to preserve and restore mitochondrial function has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of brain diseases. Here, we set out to summarize the current understanding of mitochondrial quality control in brain homeostasis. We also evaluate potential pharmaceutically and clinically relevant targets in MQC-associated brain disorders.
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15
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Thiamine insufficiency induces Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as an upstream mediator for neurotoxicity and AD-like pathology. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103785. [PMID: 36241022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficiencies of the micronutrient thiamine (Vitamin B1) have been associated with inducing Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathology. The hypometabolic state associated with chronic thiamine insufficiency (TI) has been demonstrated to be a contributor towards the development of amyloid plaque deposition and neurotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying TI induced AD pathology is still unresolved. Previously, we have established that TI stabilizes the metabolic stress transcriptional factor, Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF1α). Utilizing neuronal hippocampal cells (HT22), TI-induced HIF1α activation triggered the amyloidogenic cascade through transcriptional expression and increased activity of β-secretase (BACE1). Knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α during TI significantly reduced BACE1 and C-terminal Fragment of 99 amino acids (C99) formation. TI also increased the expression of the HIF1α regulated pro-apoptotic protein, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein (BNIP3). Correspondingly, cell toxicity during TI conditions was significantly reduced with HIF1α and BNIP3 knockdown. The role of BNIP3 in TI-mediated toxicity was further highlighted by localization of dimeric BNIP3 into the mitochondria and nuclear accumulation of Endonuclease G. Subsequently, TI decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced chromatin fragmentation. However, cell toxicity via the HIF1α/BNIP3 cascade required TI induced oxidative stress. HIF1α, BACE1 and BNIP3 expression was induced in 3xTg-AD mice after TI and administration with the HIF1α inhibitor YC1 significantly attenuated HIF1α and target genes levels in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrate a critical stress response during TI involving the induction of HIF1α transcriptional activity that directly promotes neurotoxicity and AD-like pathology.
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16
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Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Mitophagy and Their Correlation with Perinatal Complications: Preeclampsia and Low Birth Weight. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102539. [PMID: 36289801 PMCID: PMC9599185 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles and crucial for cellular survival. Mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy are dynamic features that are essential for both maintaining the health of the mitochondrial network and cellular demands. The accumulation of damaged mitochondria has been shown to be related to a wide range of pathologies ranging from neurological to musculoskeletal. Mitophagy is the selective autophagy of mitochondria, eliminating dysfunctional mitochondria in cells by engulfment within double-membraned vesicles. Preeclampsia and low birth weight constitute prenatal complications during pregnancy and are leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. Both placental implantation and fetal growth require a large amount of energy, and a defect in the mitochondrial quality control mechanism may be responsible for the pathophysiology of these diseases. In this review, we compiled current studies investigating the role of BNIP3, DRAM1, and FUNDC1, mediators of receptor-mediated mitophagy, in the progression of preeclampsia and the role of mitophagy pathways in the pathophysiology of low birth weight. Recent studies have indicated that mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species are related to preeclampsia and low birth weight. However, due to the lack of studies in this field, the results are controversial. Therefore, mitophagy-related pathways associated with these pathologies still need to be elucidated. Mitophagy-related pathways are among the promising study targets that can reveal the pathophysiology behind preeclampsia and low birth weight.
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17
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Song C, Pan S, Zhang J, Li N, Geng Q. Mitophagy: A novel perspective for insighting into cancer and cancer treatment. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13327. [PMID: 36200262 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitophagy refers to the selective self-elimination of mitochondria under damaged or certain developmental conditions. As an important regulatory mechanism to remove damaged mitochondria and maintain the internal and external cellular balance, mitophagy plays pivotal roles in carcinogenesis and progression as well as treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here, we combined data from recent years to comprehensively describe the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy and its multifaceted significance in cancer, and discusse the potential of targeted mitophagy as a cancer treatment strategy. RESULTS The molecular mechanisms regulating mitophagy are complex, diverse, and cross-talk. Inducing or blocking mitophagy has the same or completely different effects in different cancer contexts. Mitophagy plays an indispensable role in regulating cancer metabolic reprogramming, cell stemness, and chemotherapy resistance for better adaptation to tumor microenvironment. In cancer cell biology, mitophagy is considered to be a double-edged sword. And to fully understand the role of mitophagy in cancer development can provide new targets for cancer treatment in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS This review synthesizes a large body of data to comprehensively describe the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy and its multidimensional significance in cancer and cancer treatment, which will undoubtedly deepen the understanding of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congkuan Song
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shize Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Tran NT, Zhou Y, Chen L, Sun Z, Li S. SpBNIP3 regulates apoptosis and autophagy in mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) during white spot syndrome virus infection. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104465. [PMID: 35690229 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BNIP3 (BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3), which is a pro-apoptotic protein in the BCL-2 family involves a variety of cell signaling pathways, including mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial autophagy, and apoptosis in vertebrates. However, the role of BNIP3 in the regulation of apoptosis and/or autophagy in crustaceans suffering virus infection is still limited. In this study, the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) BNIP3 (SpBNIP3) was identified and studied to elucidate its association with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. SpBNIP3 was widely expressed in all tested tissues and significantly down-regulated in the hemocytes of mud crab after WSSV infection. Knockdown of SpBNIP3 using RNA interference increased the apoptosis rate and Caspase 3 activity but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and autophagy levels, as well as viral copy number in mud crabs infected with WSSV. Additionally, the relationship between the viral infection and the autophagy of hemocytes was observed. The level of autophagy was reduced upon WSSV infection, and the activation of autophagy enriched the viral copy number. Taken together, the results of this study provide a new finding on the mechanism that SpBNIP3 may participate in the WSSV infection through the regulation of apoptosis and autophagy processes in mud crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Tuan Tran
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Yanlian Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Lianjie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Zaiqiao Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China; Institute of Marine Sciences, Shantou University, Shantou, 515063, China.
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19
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Chen J, Xia P, Liu Y, Kogan C, Cheng Z. Loss of Rbl2 (Retinoblastoma-Like 2) Exacerbates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e024764. [PMID: 36129061 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.024764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The postmitotic state of adult cardiomyocytes, maintained by the cell cycle repressor Rbl2 (retinoblastoma-like 2), is associated with considerable resistance to apoptosis. However, whether Rbl2 regulates cardiomyocyte apoptosis remains unknown. Methods and Results Here, we show that ablation of Rbl2 increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis following acute myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, leading to diminished cardiac function and exaggerated ventricular remodeling in the long term. Mechanistically, ischemia/reperfusion induced expression of the proapoptotic protein BCL2 interacting protein 3 (Bnip3), which was augmented by deletion of Rbl2. Because the Bnip3 promoter contains an adenoviral early region 2 binding factor (E2F)-binding site, we further showed that loss of Rbl2 upregulated the transcriptional activator E2F1 but downregulated the transcriptional repressor E2F4. In cultured cardiomyocytes, treatment with H2O2 markedly increased the levels of E2F1 and Bnip3, resulting in mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis. Depletion of Rbl2 significantly augmented H2O2-induced mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in vitro. Conclusions Rbl2 deficiency enhanced E2F1-mediated Bnip3 expression, resulting in aggravated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our results uncover a novel antiapoptotic role for Rbl2 in cardiomyocytes, suggesting that the cell cycle machinery may directly regulate apoptosis in postmitotic cardiomyocytes. These findings may be exploited to develop new strategies to limit ischemia/reperfusion injury in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Yuening Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Clark Kogan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
| | - Zhaokang Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Washington State University Spokane Washington
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20
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Bai Y, Wu J, Yang Z, Wang X, Zhang D, Ma J. Mitochondrial quality control in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury: new insights into mechanisms and implications. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:33-51. [PMID: 35951200 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09716-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The current effective method for the treatment of myocardial infarction is timely restoration of the blood supply to the ischemic area of the heart. Although reperfusion is essential for reestablishing oxygen and nutrient supplies, it often leads to additional myocardial damage, creating an important clinical dilemma. Reports from long-term studies have confirmed that mitochondrial damage is the critical mechanism in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Mitochondria are dynamic and possess a quality control system that targets mitochondrial quantity and quality by modifying mitochondrial fusion, fission, mitophagy, and biogenesis and protein homeostasis to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. The system of mitochondrial quality control involves complex molecular machinery that is highly interconnected and associated with pathological changes such as oxidative stress, calcium overload, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because of the critical role of the mitochondrial quality control systems, many reports have suggested that defects in this system are among the molecular mechanisms underlying myocardial reperfusion injury. In this review, we briefly summarize the important role of the mitochondrial quality control in cardiomyocyte function and focus on the current understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and molecular pathways involved in mitochondrial quality control in cardiac I/R damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinjing Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu'an Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongni Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, No.2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Zhang G, Dong D, Wan X, Zhang Y. Cardiomyocyte death in sepsis: Mechanisms and regulation (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:257. [PMID: 35703348 PMCID: PMC9218731 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the most common types of organ dysfunction in sepsis; its pathogenesis is highly complex and not yet fully understood. Cardiomyocytes serve a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiac function; due to the limited ability of cardiomyocytes to regenerate, their loss contributes to decreased cardiac function. The activation of inflammatory signalling pathways affects cardiomyocyte function and modes of cardiomyocyte death in sepsis. Prevention of cardiomyocyte death is an important therapeutic strategy for sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction. Thus, understanding the signalling pathways that activate cardiomyocyte death and cross‑regulation between death modes are key to finding therapeutic targets. The present review focused on advances in understanding of sepsis‑induced cardiomyocyte death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondria‑mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. The present review summarizes the effect of inflammatory activation on cardiomyocyte death mechanisms, the diversity of regulatory mechanisms and cross‑regulation between death modes and the effect on cardiac function in sepsis to provide a theoretical basis for treatment of sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geping Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xianyao Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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22
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Zhang J, Han X, Chang J, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang H, Du F, Zeng X, Guo C. Soluble RAGE attenuates myocardial I/R injuries via FoxO3-Bnip3 pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:269. [PMID: 35501612 PMCID: PMC11072718 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE) was reported to inhibit cardiac apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Meanwhile, the proapoptotic protein Bcl2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) was reported to mediate mitochondrial depolarization and be activated by the Forkhead box protein O3 (FoxO3a). Therefore, it is supposed that FoxO3a-Bnip3 pathway might be involved in the inhibiting effects of sRAGE on mitochondrial apoptosis during I/R. I/R surgery or glucose deprivation/reoxygenation was adopted to explore mitochondrial depolarization, apoptosis and related signaling pathways in mice hearts and cultured cardiomyocytes. The results showed that overexpression of sRAGE in cardiomyocytes dramatically improved cardiac function and reduced infarct areas in I/R treated mice. sRAGE inhibited mitochondrial depolarization and cardiac apoptosis during I/R, which correlated with reduced expression of Bnip3, Sirt2, phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO3a which translocated into nucleus in cultured cardiomyocytes. Either Sirt2 or FoxO3a silencing enhanced the inhibiting effects of sRAGE on mitochondrial depolarization induced by I/R in cultured cardiomyocytes. Meanwhile, overexpression or silencing of FoxO3a affected the inhibiting effects of sRAGE on Bnip3 and cleaved caspase-3 in cultured cardiomyocytes. Therefore, it is suggested that sRAGE inhibited I/R injuries via reducing mitochondrial apoptosis through the FoxO3a-Bnip3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejie Han
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chang
- Department of Physiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Liu
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghe Du
- Department of Geriatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 119 South 4th Ring West Road, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjun Zeng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Capital Medical University, No. 10 You An Men Wai Xi Tou Tiao, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Caixia Guo
- Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1 Dongjiaomin Lane, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Moyzis AG, Lally NS, Liang W, Najor RH, Gustafsson ÅB. Mcl-1 Differentially Regulates Autophagy in Response to Changes in Energy Status and Mitochondrial Damage. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091469. [PMID: 35563775 PMCID: PMC9102819 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) is a unique antiapoptotic Bcl-2 member that is critical for mitochondrial homeostasis. Recent studies have demonstrated that Mcl-1′s functions extend beyond its traditional role in preventing apoptotic cell death. Specifically, data suggest that Mcl-1 plays a regulatory role in autophagy, an essential degradation pathway involved in recycling and eliminating dysfunctional organelles. Here, we investigated whether Mcl-1 regulates autophagy in the heart. We found that cardiac-specific overexpression of Mcl-1 had little effect on baseline autophagic activity but strongly suppressed starvation-induced autophagy. In contrast, Mcl-1 did not inhibit activation of autophagy during myocardial infarction or mitochondrial depolarization. Instead, overexpression of Mcl-1 increased the clearance of depolarized mitochondria by mitophagy independent of Parkin. The increase in mitophagy was partially mediated via Mcl-1′s LC3-interacting regions and mutation of these sites significantly reduced Mcl-1-mediated mitochondrial clearance. We also found that Mcl-1 interacted with the mitophagy receptor Bnip3 and that the interaction was increased in response to mitochondrial stress. Overall, these findings suggest that Mcl-1 suppresses nonselective autophagy during nutrient limiting conditions, whereas it enhances selective autophagy of dysfunctional mitochondria by functioning as a mitophagy receptor.
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24
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Huang J, Wu R, Chen L, Yang Z, Yan D, Li M. Understanding Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity From Mitochondrial Aspect. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:811406. [PMID: 35211017 PMCID: PMC8861498 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.811406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, represent one group of chemotherapy drugs with the most cardiotoxicity. Despite that anthracyclines are capable of treating assorted solid tumors and hematological malignancies, the side effect of inducing cardiac dysfunction has hampered their clinical use. Currently, the mechanism underlying anthracycline cardiotoxicity remains obscure. Increasing evidence points to mitochondria, the energy factory of cardiomyocytes, as a major target of anthracyclines. In this review, we will summarize recent findings about mitochondrial mechanism during anthracycline cardiotoxicity. In particular, we will focus on the following aspects: 1) the traditional view about anthracycline-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is produced by mitochondria, but in turn causes mitochondrial injury. 2) Mitochondrial iron-overload and ferroptosis during anthracycline cardiotoxicity. 3) Autophagy, mitophagy and mitochondrial dynamics during anthracycline cardiotoxicity. 4) Anthracycline-induced disruption of cardiac metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Huang
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rundong Wu
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linyi Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqiang Yang
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daoguang Yan
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingchuan Li
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Sun J, Wang R, Chao T, Wang C. Long Noncoding RNAs Involved in Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Triggered by Different Stressors. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2021; 15:588-603. [PMID: 34855148 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-021-10186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes are essential to maintain the normal cardiac function. Ischemia, hypoxia, and drug stimulation can induce pathological apoptosis of cardiomyocytes which eventually leads to heart failure, arrhythmia, and other cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate cardiomyocyte apoptosis is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In recent years, more and more evidences reveal that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important regulatory roles in myocardial cell apoptosis. They can modulate the expression of apoptosis-related genes at post-transcriptional level by altering the translation efficacy of target mRNAs or functioning as a precursor for miRNAs or competing for miRNA-mediated inhibition. Moreover, reversing the abnormal expression of lncRNAs can attenuate and even reverse the pathological apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Therefore, apoptosis-related lncRNAs may become a potential new field for studying cardiomyocyte apoptosis and provide new ideas for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ru Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tiantian Chao
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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26
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Molecular Signaling to Preserve Mitochondrial Integrity against Ischemic Stress in the Heart: Rescue or Remove Mitochondria in Danger. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123330. [PMID: 34943839 PMCID: PMC8699551 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading causes of death and global health problems worldwide, and ischemic heart disease is the most common cause of heart failure (HF). The heart is a high-energy demanding organ, and myocardial energy reserves are limited. Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, but under stress conditions, they become damaged, release necrotic and apoptotic factors, and contribute to cell death. Loss of cardiomyocytes plays a significant role in ischemic heart disease. In response to stress, protective signaling pathways are activated to limit mitochondrial deterioration and protect the heart. To prevent mitochondrial death pathways, damaged mitochondria are removed by mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). Mitochondrial quality control mediated by mitophagy is functionally linked to mitochondrial dynamics. This review provides a current understanding of the signaling mechanisms by which the integrity of mitochondria is preserved in the heart against ischemic stress.
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27
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Heinen-Weiler J, Hasenberg M, Heisler M, Settelmeier S, Beerlage AL, Doepper H, Walkenfort B, Odersky A, Luedike P, Winterhager E, Rassaf T, Hendgen-Cotta UB. Superiority of focused ion beam-scanning electron microscope tomography of cardiomyocytes over standard 2D analyses highlighted by unmasking mitochondrial heterogeneity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:933-954. [PMID: 34120411 PMCID: PMC8350221 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardioprotection by preventing or repairing mitochondrial damage is an unmet therapeutic need. To understand the role of cardiomyocyte mitochondria in physiopathology, the reliable characterization of the mitochondrial morphology and compartment is pivotal. Previous studies mostly relied on two-dimensional (2D) routine transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thereby neglecting the real three-dimensional (3D) mitochondrial organization. This study aimed to determine whether classical 2D TEM analysis of the cardiomyocyte ultrastructure is sufficient to comprehensively describe the mitochondrial compartment and to reflect mitochondrial number, size, dispersion, distribution, and morphology. METHODS Spatial distribution of the complex mitochondrial network and morphology, number, and size heterogeneity of cardiac mitochondria in isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes and adult wild-type left ventricular tissues (C57BL/6) were assessed using a comparative 3D imaging system based on focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) nanotomography. For comparison of 2D vs. 3D data sets, analytical strategies and mathematical comparative approaches were performed. To confirm the value of 3D data for mitochondrial changes, we compared the obtained values for number, coverage area, size heterogeneity, and complexity of wild-type cardiomyocyte mitochondria with data sets from mice lacking the cytosolic and mitochondrial protein BNIP3 (BCL-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3; Bnip3-/- ) using FIB-SEM. Mitochondrial respiration was assessed on isolated mitochondria using the Seahorse XF analyser. A cardiac biopsy was obtained from a male patient (48 years) suffering from myocarditis. RESULTS The FIB-SEM nanotomographic analysis revealed that no linear relationship exists for mitochondrial number (r = 0.02; P = 0.9511), dispersion (r = -0.03; P = 0.9188), and shape (roundness: r = 0.15, P = 0.6397; elongation: r = -0.09, P = 0.7804) between 3D and 2D results. Cumulative frequency distribution analysis showed a diverse abundance of mitochondria with different sizes in 3D and 2D. Qualitatively, 2D data could not reflect mitochondrial distribution and dynamics existing in 3D tissue. 3D analyses enabled the discovery that BNIP3 deletion resulted in more smaller, less complex cardiomyocyte mitochondria (number: P < 0.01; heterogeneity: C.V. wild-type 89% vs. Bnip3-/- 68%; complexity: P < 0.001) forming large myofibril-distorting clusters, as seen in human myocarditis with disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. Bnip3-/- mice also show a higher respiration rate (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Here, we demonstrate the need of 3D analyses for the characterization of mitochondrial features in cardiac tissue samples. Hence, we observed that BNIP3 deletion physiologically acts as a molecular brake on mitochondrial number, suggesting a role in mitochondrial fusion/fission processes and thereby regulating the homeostasis of cardiac bioenergetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Heinen-Weiler
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Heisler
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stephan Settelmeier
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Beerlage
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hannah Doepper
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andrea Odersky
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Peter Luedike
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Elke Winterhager
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Imaging Center Essen (IMCES), Electron Microscopy Unit (EMU), Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrike B Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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28
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Cho YK, Son Y, Saha A, Kim D, Choi C, Kim M, Park JH, Im H, Han J, Kim K, Jung YS, Yun J, Bae EJ, Seong JK, Lee MO, Lee S, Granneman JG, Lee YH. STK3/STK4 signalling in adipocytes regulates mitophagy and energy expenditure. Nat Metab 2021; 3:428-441. [PMID: 33758424 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity reduces adipocyte mitochondrial function, and expanding adipocyte oxidative capacity is an emerging strategy to improve systemic metabolism. Here, we report that serine/threonine-protein kinase 3 (STK3) and STK4 are key physiological suppressors of mitochondrial capacity in brown, beige and white adipose tissues. Levels of STK3 and STK4, kinases in the Hippo signalling pathway, are greater in white than brown adipose tissues, and levels in brown adipose tissue are suppressed by cold exposure and greatly elevated by surgical denervation. Genetic inactivation of Stk3 and Stk4 increases mitochondrial mass and function, stabilizes uncoupling protein 1 in beige adipose tissue and confers resistance to metabolic dysfunction induced by high-fat diet feeding. Mechanistically, STK3 and STK4 increase adipocyte mitophagy in part by regulating the phosphorylation and dimerization status of the mitophagy receptor BNIP3. STK3 and STK4 expression levels are elevated in human obesity, and pharmacological inhibition improves metabolic profiles in a mouse model of obesity, suggesting STK3 and STK4 as potential targets for treating obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Keun Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonho Son
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Abhirup Saha
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doeun Kim
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheoljun Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsu Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonyeong Im
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhyeong Han
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeanho Yun
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Bae
- College of Pharmacy, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Plus Program for Advanced Veterinary Science, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- BK21 Plus KNU Multi-Omics Based Creative Drug Research Team, College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - James G Granneman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
- Center for Integrative Metabolic and Endocrine Research, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Bio-Max Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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29
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Terešak P, Lapao A, Subic N, Boya P, Elazar Z, Simonsen A. Regulation of PRKN-independent mitophagy. Autophagy 2021; 18:24-39. [PMID: 33570005 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1888244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional cellular organelles that play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Keeping the quality of mitochondria in check is of essential importance for functioning and survival of the cells. Selective autophagic clearance of flawed mitochondria, a process termed mitophagy, is one of the most prominent mechanisms through which cells maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool. The best-studied pathway through which mitophagy is exerted is the PINK1-PRKN pathway. However, an increasing number of studies have shown an existence of alternative pathways, where different proteins and lipids are able to recruit autophagic machinery independently of PINK1 and PRKN. The significance of PRKN-independent mitophagy pathways is reflected in various physiological and pathophysiological processes, but many questions regarding the regulation and the interplay between these pathways remain open. Here we review the current knowledge and recent progress made in the field of PRKN-independent mitophagy. Particularly we focus on the regulation of various receptors that participate in targeting impaired mitochondria to autophagosomes independently of PRKN.AbbreviationsAMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATP: adenosine triphosphate; BCL2: BCL2 apoptosis regulator; BH: BCL2 homology; CCCP: Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone; CL: cardiolipin; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; FCCP: carbonyl cyanide p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone; IMM: inner mitochondrial membrane; IMS: mitochondrial intermembrane space; LIR: LC3-interacting region; MDVs: mitochondrial-derived vesicles; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; OMM: outer mitochondrial membrane; OXPHOS: oxidative phosphorylation; PD: Parkinson disease; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RGC: retinal ganglion cell; RING: really interesting new gene; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SUMO: small ubiquitin like modifier; TBI: traumatic brain injury; TM: transmembrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Terešak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Lapao
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nemanja Subic
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Zvulun Elazar
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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30
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Kretzschmar T, Wu JMF, Schulze PC. Mitochondrial Homeostasis Mediates Lipotoxicity in the Failing Myocardium. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1498. [PMID: 33540894 PMCID: PMC7867320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains the most common cause of death in the industrialized world. In spite of new therapeutic interventions that are constantly being developed, it is still not possible to completely protect against heart failure development and progression. This shows how much more research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms of this process. In this review, we give a detailed overview of the contribution of impaired mitochondrial dynamics and energy homeostasis during heart failure progression. In particular, we focus on the regulation of fatty acid metabolism and the effects of fatty acid accumulation on mitochondrial structural and functional homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - P. Christian Schulze
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, 07747 Jena, Thüringen, Germany; (T.K.); (J.M.F.W.)
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31
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Onishi M, Yamano K, Sato M, Matsuda N, Okamoto K. Molecular mechanisms and physiological functions of mitophagy. EMBO J 2021; 40:e104705. [PMID: 33438778 PMCID: PMC7849173 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020104705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 570] [Impact Index Per Article: 190.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation of mitochondria via a selective form of autophagy, named mitophagy, is a fundamental mechanism conserved from yeast to humans that regulates mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Mitophagy is promoted via specific mitochondrial outer membrane receptors, or ubiquitin molecules conjugated to proteins on the mitochondrial surface leading to the formation of autophagosomes surrounding mitochondria. Mitophagy-mediated elimination of mitochondria plays an important role in many processes including early embryonic development, cell differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis. Recent advances in analyzing mitophagy in vivo also reveal high rates of steady-state mitochondrial turnover in diverse cell types, highlighting the intracellular housekeeping role of mitophagy. Defects in mitophagy are associated with various pathological conditions such as neurodegeneration, heart failure, cancer, and aging, further underscoring the biological relevance. Here, we review our current molecular understanding of mitophagy, and its physiological implications, and discuss how multiple mitophagy pathways coordinately modulate mitochondrial fitness and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashun Onishi
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Koji Yamano
- The Ubiquitin ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Miyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane BiologyInstitute for Molecular and Cellular RegulationGunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Noriyuki Matsuda
- The Ubiquitin ProjectTokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Koji Okamoto
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial DynamicsGraduate School of Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversitySuitaJapan
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32
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Ruan Y, Zeng J, Jin Q, Chu M, Ji K, Wang Z, Li L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress serves an important role in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:268. [PMID: 33199993 PMCID: PMC7664614 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although acute myocardial infarction is one of the most common fatal diseases worldwide, the understanding of its underlying pathogenesis continues to develop. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can restore myocardial oxygen and nutrient supply. However, a large number of studies have demonstrated that recovery of blood perfusion after acute ischemia causes reperfusion injury to the heart. With progress made in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of myocardial I/R and oxidative stress, a novel area of research that merits greater study has been identified, that of I/R-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress (ERS). Cardiac I/R can alter the function of the ER, leading to the accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins. The resulting ERS then induces the activation of signal transduction pathways, which in turn contribute to the development of I/R injury. The mechanism of I/R injury, and the causal relationship between I/R and ERS are reviewed in the present article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxue Ruan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Zeng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Qike Jin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Maoping Chu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Kangting Ji
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
| | - Zhongyu Wang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, P.R. China
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Mason SA, Trewin AJ, Parker L, Wadley GD. Antioxidant supplements and endurance exercise: Current evidence and mechanistic insights. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101471. [PMID: 32127289 PMCID: PMC7284926 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplements are commonly consumed by endurance athletes to minimize exercise-induced oxidative stress, with the intention of enhancing recovery and improving performance. There are numerous commercially available nutritional supplements that are targeted to athletes and health enthusiasts that allegedly possess antioxidant properties. However, most of these compounds are poorly investigated with respect to their in vivo redox activity and efficacy in humans. Therefore, this review will firstly provide a background to endurance exercise-related redox signalling and the subsequent adaptations in skeletal muscle and vascular function. The review will then discuss commonly available compounds with purported antioxidant effects for use by athletes. N-acetyl cysteine may be of benefit over the days prior to an endurance event; while chronic intake of combined 1000 mg vitamin C + vitamin E is not recommended during periods of heavy training associated with adaptations in skeletal muscle. Melatonin, vitamin E and α-lipoic acid appear effective at decreasing markers of exercise-induced oxidative stress. However, evidence on their effects on endurance performance are either lacking or not supportive. Catechins, anthocyanins, coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C may improve vascular function, however, evidence is either limited to specific sub-populations and/or does not translate to improved performance. Finally, additional research should clarify the potential benefits of curcumin in improving muscle recovery post intensive exercise; and the potential hampering effects of astaxanthin, selenium and vitamin A on skeletal muscle adaptations to endurance training. Overall, we highlight the lack of supportive evidence for most antioxidant compounds to recommend to athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A Mason
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adam J Trewin
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Glenn D Wadley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
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Lee Y, Kwon I, Jang Y, Cosio-Lima L, Barrington P. Endurance Exercise Attenuates Doxorubicin-induced Cardiotoxicity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020; 52:25-36. [PMID: 31318716 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Endurance exercise (EXE) preconditioning before DOX treatment confers cardioprotection; however, whether EXE postconditioning (i.e., EXE intervention after the completion of DOX treatment) is cardioprotective remains unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate if EXE postconditioning provides cardioprotection by testing the hypothesis that EXE-autophagy upregulation and NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) downregulation would be linked to cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS C57BL/6 male mice were assigned into three groups: control (CON, n = 10), doxorubicin (DOX, n = 10), and doxorubicin + endurance exercise (DOX + EXE, n = 10). Animals assigned to DOX and DOX + EXE groups were intraperitoneally injected with DOX (5 mg·kg each week for 4 wk). Forty-eight hours after the last DOX treatment, the mice assigned to DOX + EXE performed EXE on a motorized treadmill at a speed of 13-15 m·min for 60 min·d for 4 wk. RESULTS EXE prevented DOX-induced apoptosis and mitigated tissue damages. Although DOX did not modulate auto/mitophagy, EXE significantly enhanced its flux (increased LC3-II levels, reduced p62 levels, and increased autophagosomes with mitochondria) along with increased mitochondrial fission (DRP1) and reduced fusion markers (OPA1 and MFN2). Interestingly, EXE-induced autophagy against DOX occurred in the absence of alterations of autophagy inducer AMPK or autophagy inhibitor mTOR signaling. EXE prohibited DOX-induced oxidative damages by suppressing NOX2 levels but without modulating other key antioxidant enzymes including MnSOD, CuZnSOD, catalase, and GPX1/2. CONCLUSION Our data provide novel findings that EXE-induced auto/mitophagy promotion and NOX2 downregulation are linked to cardioprotection against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Importantly, our study shows that EXE postconditioning intervention is effective and efficacious to prevent DOX-induced cardiac injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngil Lee
- Molecular and Cellular Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Movement Sciences and Health, Usha Kundu, MD College of Health, University of West Florid, Pensacola, FL
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Srisomboon Y, Squillace DL, Maniak PJ, Kita H, O'Grady SM. Fungal allergen-induced IL-33 secretion involves cholesterol-dependent, VDAC-1-mediated ATP release from the airway epithelium. J Physiol 2020; 598:1829-1845. [PMID: 32103508 DOI: 10.1113/jp279379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Alternaria aeroallergens induce the release of ATP from human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells by activating a conductive pathway involving voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) and by exocytosis of ATP localized within membrane vesicles. Inhibition of VDAC-1 blocked Alternaria-evoked Ca2+ uptake across the plasma membrane of HBE cells and interleukin (IL)-33 release into the extracellular media. Reducing cholesterol content with a cholesterol scavenger (β-methylcyclodextrin) or statin compound (simvastatin) blocked ATP and IL-33 release by lowering the expression of VDAC-1 in the plasma membrane. Pretreatment with simvastatin for 24 h also inhibited the increase in tight junction macromolecule permeability that occurs following Alternaria exposure. These results establish a novel role for VDAC-1 as a mechanism underlying ATP release induced by fungal allergens and suggests a possible therapeutic use for cholesterol lowering compounds in reducing Alternaria-stimulated allergic inflammation. ABSTRACT Human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells exposed to allergens derived from the common saprophytic fungus, Alternaria alternata release ATP, which in turn stimulates P2X7 receptor-mediated Ca2+ uptake across the plasma membrane. The subsequent increase in intracellular calcium concentration induces proteolytic processing and secretion of interleukin (IL)-33, a critical cytokine involved in the initiation of allergic airway inflammation. A major objective of the present study was to identify the mechanism responsible for conductive ATP release. The results show that pretreatment of HBE cells with inhibitors of the voltage-dependent anion channel-1 (VDAC-1) or treatment with a VDAC-1 selective blocking antibody or silencing mRNA expression of the channel by RNA interference, inhibit Alternaria-evoked ATP release. Moreover, inhibition of VDAC-1 channel activity or reducing protein expression blocked the secretion of IL-33. Similarly, reducing the cholesterol content of HBE cells with simvastatin or the cholesterol scavenger β-methylcyclodextrin also blocked ATP release and IL-33 secretion by decreasing the level of VDAC-1 expression in the plasma membrane. In addition, simvastatin inhibited the increase in tight junction macromolecule permeability that was previously observed after Alternaria exposure. These results demonstrate a novel function for VDAC-1 as the conductive mechanism responsible for Alternaria-induced ATP release, an essential early step in the processing, mobilization and secretion of IL-33 by the airway epithelium. Furthermore, the simvastatin-evoked reduction of VDAC-1 expression in the plasma membrane, suggests the possibility that cholesterol lowering compounds may be beneficial in alleviating allergic airway inflammation induced by fungal allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotesawee Srisomboon
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Diane L Squillace
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Peter J Maniak
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Scott M O'Grady
- Departments of Animal Science, Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
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Bnip3 in mitophagy: Novel insights and potential therapeutic target for diseases of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 506:72-83. [PMID: 32092316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The present review is a summary of the recent literature concerning Bnip3 expression, function, and regulation, along with its implications in mitochondrial dysfunction, disorders of mitophagy homeostasis, and development of diseases of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction. As a member of the Bcl-2 family of cell death-regulating factors, Bnip3 mediates mPTP opening, mitochondrial potential, oxidative stress, calcium overload, mitochondrial respiratory collapse, and ATP shortage of mitochondria from multiple cells. Recent studies have discovered that Bnip3 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction, mitochondrial fragmentation, mitophagy, cell apoptosis, and the development of lipid disorder diseases via numerous cellular signaling pathways. In addition, Bnip3 promotes the development of cardiac hypertrophy by mediating inflammatory response or the related signaling pathways of cardiomyocytes and is also responsible for raising abnormal mitophagy and apoptosis progression through multiple molecular signaling pathways, inducing the pathogenesis and progress of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Different molecules regulate Bnip3 expression at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and unbalance of mitophagy in hepatocytes, which promotes the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thus, Bnip3 plays an important role in mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy homeostasis and has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for diseases of secondary mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Jia F, Mou L, Ge H. Protective effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on H 2O 2-induced oxidative injury in human endothelial cell line (EA.hy926) via miR-210. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2020; 33:2058738419866021. [PMID: 31359794 PMCID: PMC6668182 DOI: 10.1177/2058738419866021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) possesses a cardioprotective effect via mediating microRNAs (miRs), while it is unexplored whether miR-210 is regulated by Rb1 in response to oxidative stress. Human endothelial EA.hy926 cells were stimulated with H2O2 before Rb1 treatment. After transfection, cell viability, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assays were conducted. Western blot was applied to quantify protein. BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and miR-210 were analyzed with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Dual luciferase activity assay was performed. Rb1 elevated viability, migration, and invasion of H2O2-treated cells. H2O2-induced apoptosis was moderated by Rb1. miR-210 was augmented in H2O2-treated cells after Rb1 stimulation. miR-210 inhibitor abolished the positive effects of Rb1. BNIP3 was negatively modulated by miR-210 and implicated in modulating viability, apoptosis, and migration and invasion. In addition, BNIP3 modulated phosphorylation of regulators. Rb1 repressed oxidative injury via elevating miR-210. miR-210 negatively mediated BNIP3, which participated in oxidative damage via regulating mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fubao Jia
- 1 Department of Neurology, Shanxian Central Hospital, Heze, China
| | - Lei Mou
- 2 Department of Neurology, Rizhao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - Hanming Ge
- 3 Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Garza-Lombó C, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI, Franco R. Redox homeostasis, oxidative stress and mitophagy. Mitochondrion 2020; 51:105-117. [PMID: 31972372 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a ubiquitous homeostatic mechanism for the degradation or turnover of cellular components. Degradation of mitochondria via autophagy (mitophagy) is involved in a number of physiological processes including cellular homeostasis, differentiation and aging. Upon stress or injury, mitophagy prevents the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and the increased steady state levels of reactive oxygen species leading to oxidative stress and cell death. A number of human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, have been linked to the dysregulation of mitophagy. In this mini-review, we aimed to review the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of mitophagy and their relationship with redox signaling and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | | | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
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Kulek AR, Anzell A, Wider JM, Sanderson TH, Przyklenk K. Mitochondrial Quality Control: Role in Cardiac Models of Lethal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010214. [PMID: 31952189 PMCID: PMC7016592 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The current standard of care for acute myocardial infarction or 'heart attack' is timely restoration of blood flow to the ischemic region of the heart. While reperfusion is essential for the salvage of ischemic myocardium, re-introduction of blood flow paradoxically kills (rather than rescues) a population of previously ischemic cardiomyocytes-a phenomenon referred to as 'lethal myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury'. There is long-standing and exhaustive evidence that mitochondria are at the nexus of lethal IR injury. However, during the past decade, the paradigm of mitochondria as mediators of IR-induced cardiomyocyte death has been expanded to include the highly orchestrated process of mitochondrial quality control. Our aims in this review are to: (1) briefly summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IR injury, and (2) incorporating landmark data from a broad spectrum of models (including immortalized cells, primary cardiomyocytes and intact hearts), provide a critical discussion of the emerging concept that mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy (the components of mitochondrial quality control) may contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiomyocyte death in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R. Kulek
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Anthony Anzell
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Joseph M. Wider
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Thomas H. Sanderson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Karin Przyklenk
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (A.R.K.); (A.A.); (T.H.S.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-9047
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Zheng X, Zhong T, Ma Y, Wan X, Qin A, Yao B, Zou H, Song Y, Yin D. Bnip3 mediates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis via caspase-3/GSDME. Life Sci 2019; 242:117186. [PMID: 31862454 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was aimed to investigate the role of GSDME-mediated pyroptosis in cardiac injury induced by Doxorubicin (DOX), and to evaluate the role of BH3-only protein Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (Bnip3) in regulation of DOX-induced pyroptosis. MAIN METHODS HL-1 cardiomyocytes and C57BL/6J mice were treated by DOX to establish DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vitro and in vivo models, respectively. Cell transfection was applied to regulate the expression of caspase-3, GSDME and Bnip3. Western blot was used for measuring expression of protein level. LDH-cytotoxicity assay was used to detect the LDH release. The Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the cell death. Echocardiography was used to determine the cardiac function. HE staining was used for observing pathological feature of heart tissues. KEY FINDINGS Our results showed that GSDME-mediated pyroptosis was involved in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in vivo. We showed that HL-1 cardiomyocytes exposed to DOX exhibited morphological features of pyroptosis in vitro. We also showed that DOX induced activation of caspase-3 and eventually triggered GSDME-dependent pyroptosis, which was reduced by the silence or inhibitor of caspase-3. We further showed that knockdown of GSDME inhibited DOX-induced cardiomyocyte pyroptosis in vitro. Finally, DOX increased the expression of Bnip3, whereas silencing of Bnip3 blunted cardiomyocyte pyroptosis induced by DOX, which was regulated through caspase-3 activation and GSDME cleavage. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings revealed a novel pathway that cardiomyocyte pyroptosis is regulated through Bnip3-caspase-3-GSDME pathway following DOX treatment, suggesting that Bnip3-dependent pyroptosis may offer a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce cardiotoxicity induced by DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbin Zheng
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China
| | - Ting Zhong
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China
| | - Yeshuo Ma
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China
| | - Xiaoya Wan
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China
| | - Anna Qin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China
| | - Bifeng Yao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China
| | - Huajiao Zou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Deling Yin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 41008, China; Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States.
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Chaanine AH, Joyce LD, Stulak JM, Maltais S, Joyce DL, Dearani JA, Klaus K, Nair KS, Hajjar RJ, Redfield MM. Mitochondrial Morphology, Dynamics, and Function in Human Pressure Overload or Ischemic Heart Disease With Preserved or Reduced Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005131. [PMID: 30744415 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The FOXO3a (forkhead box O3a)-BNIP3 (B-cell lymphoma 2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3) pathway modulates mitochondrial dynamics and function and contributes to myocardial remodeling in rodent models of heart failure. We sought to investigate the expression of this pathway along with the expression of mitochondrial biogenesis (PGC-1α [peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α]), dynamics (DRP-1 [dynamin-related protein 1], OPA-1 [optic atrophy 1], and MFN 2 [mitofusin 2]), and oxidative phosphorylation (citrate synthase and electron transport chain complexes) markers and COX IV (cytochrome C oxidase) activity in myocardium from patients with valvular or ischemic heart disease and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). METHODS AND RESULTS Subepicardial left ventricular biopsies (10×1×1 mm3) were obtained at aortic valve replacement (HFpEFAVR, n=5; and HFrEFAVR, n=4), coronary artery bypass grafting (HFpEFCABG, n=5; and HFrEFCABG, n=5), or left ventricular assist device implantation (HFrEFLVAD, n=4). Subepicardial biopsies from patients with normal left ventricular function (n=2) and from donor hearts (n=3) served as controls (normal). Relative to normal, mitochondrial fragmentation and cristae destruction were evident, and mitochondrial area was decreased in HFpEF; 1.00±0.09 versus 0.71±0.08; P=0.016. These mitochondrial morphological changes were more pronounced in HFrEF (0.54±0.06); P=0.002 HFpEF versus HFrEF. BNIP3 (monomer+dimer) expression was increased in HFpEF (3.99±2.44) and in HFrEF (5.19±1.70) relative to normal; P=0.004 and P<0.001, respectively. However, BNIP3 monomer was increased in HFrEF (4.32±1.43) compared with normal (0.99±0.06) and HFpEF (1.97±0.90); P=0.001 and 0.004, respectively. The HFrEF group uniquely showed increase in DRP-1 expression (1.94±0.38) and decreases in PGC-1α expression (0.61±0.07) and COX IV activity (0.70±0.10) relative to normal; P=0.013, P<0.001, and P<0.001, respectively, with no significant change in electron transport chain complexes expression. CONCLUSIONS These findings in human myocardium confirm studies in rodents where contractile dysfunction is associated with activation of the FOXO3a-BNIP3 pathway and altered mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine H Chaanine
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, (A.H.C., M.M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Lyle D Joyce
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.D.J., D.L.J.)
| | - John M Stulak
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.M.S., S.M., J.A.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Simon Maltais
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.M.S., S.M., J.A.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - David L Joyce
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Froedtert and the Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (L.D.J., D.L.J.)
| | - Joseph A Dearani
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (J.M.S., S.M., J.A.D.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Katherine Klaus
- Division of Endocrinology (K.K., K.S.N.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Roger J Hajjar
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (R.J.H.)
| | - Margaret M Redfield
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, (A.H.C., M.M.R.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Resveratrol-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticle Supplementation Ameliorates Physical Fatigue by Improving Mitochondrial Quality Control. CRYSTALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst9110559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has various pharmacological effects; however, few studies have directly addressed the possible antifatigue effects of long-term endurance exercise. The clinical use of RSV is limited by its poor water solubility and extremely short plasma half-life. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are considered as reasonable drug delivery systems to overcome some of these drawbacks and expand its applications. In this study, RSV-SLNs were successfully prepared through emulsification and low-temperature solidification. Results showed that RSV-SLN supplementation effectively enhanced endurance performance. RSV-SLN supplementation might enhance mitochondrial function by ameliorating mitochondrial quality control (QC), which was superior to RSV application. These results revealed an unexpected role of RSV-SLN compared with RSV in terms of linking nutrient deprivation to mitochondrial oxidant production through mitochondrial QC. A mitochondrion-mediated pathway was likely involved in RSV-SLN, thereby improving endurance performance. Overall, this study highlighted new possibilities for anti-physical-fatigue strategies.
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Sun Y, Yao X, Zhang QJ, Zhu M, Liu ZP, Ci B, Xie Y, Carlson D, Rothermel BA, Sun Y, Levine B, Hill JA, Wolf SE, Minei JP, Zang QS. Beclin-1-Dependent Autophagy Protects the Heart During Sepsis. Circulation 2019; 138:2247-2262. [PMID: 29853517 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac dysfunction is a major component of sepsis-induced multiorgan failure in critical care units. Changes in cardiac autophagy and its role during sepsis pathogenesis have not been clearly defined. Targeted autophagy-based therapeutic approaches for sepsis are not yet developed. METHODS Beclin-1-dependent autophagy in the heart during sepsis and the potential therapeutic benefit of targeting this pathway were investigated in a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis. RESULTS LPS induced a dose-dependent increase in autophagy at low doses, followed by a decline that was in conjunction with mammalian target of rapamycin activation at high doses. Cardiac-specific overexpression of Beclin-1 promoted autophagy, suppressed mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, improved cardiac function, and alleviated inflammation and fibrosis after LPS challenge. Haplosufficiency for beclin 1 resulted in opposite effects. Beclin-1 also protected mitochondria, reduced the release of mitochondrial danger-associated molecular patterns, and promoted mitophagy via PTEN-induced putative kinase 1-Parkin but not adaptor proteins in response to LPS. Injection of a cell-permeable Tat-Beclin-1 peptide to activate autophagy improved cardiac function, attenuated inflammation, and rescued the phenotypes caused by beclin 1 deficiency in LPS-challenged mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Beclin-1 protects the heart during sepsis and that the targeted induction of Beclin-1 signaling may have important therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Sun
- Departments of Surgery (Y.S., X.Y., D.C., S.E.W., J.P.M., Q.S.Z.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Xiao Yao
- Departments of Surgery (Y.S., X.Y., D.C., S.E.W., J.P.M., Q.S.Z.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Qing-Jun Zhang
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., Z.-P.L., B.A.R., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Min Zhu
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., Z.-P.L., B.A.R., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Zhi-Ping Liu
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., Z.-P.L., B.A.R., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Bo Ci
- Clinical Science, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center (B.C., Y.X.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yang Xie
- Clinical Science, Quantitative Biomedical Research Center (B.C., Y.X.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Deborah Carlson
- Departments of Surgery (Y.S., X.Y., D.C., S.E.W., J.P.M., Q.S.Z.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., Z.-P.L., B.A.R., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station (Y.S.)
| | - Beth Levine
- Internal Medicine, Center for Autophagy Research, Howard Hughes Medical Institute (B.L.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Q.-J.Z., M.Z., Z.-P.L., B.A.R., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Steven E Wolf
- Departments of Surgery (Y.S., X.Y., D.C., S.E.W., J.P.M., Q.S.Z.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Joseph P Minei
- Departments of Surgery (Y.S., X.Y., D.C., S.E.W., J.P.M., Q.S.Z.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Qun S Zang
- Departments of Surgery (Y.S., X.Y., D.C., S.E.W., J.P.M., Q.S.Z.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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Rong J, Xu J, Liu Q, Wu Y, Guo H, Mu T, Zhou H, Chi H. Upregulation of long noncoding RNA RP4 exacerbates hypoxia injury in cardiomyocytes through regulating miR-939/Bnip3/Wnt/β-catenin pathway. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:3013-3020. [PMID: 31321998 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1640232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingfeng Rong
- Department of Medicine Cardiovascular, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jijie Xu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaoyao Wu
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Honglin Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Mu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Brown LA, Macpherson PC, Koch LG, Qi NR, Britton SL, Brooks SV. Late life maintenance and enhancement of functional exercise capacity in low and high responding rats after low intensity treadmill training. Exp Gerontol 2019; 125:110657. [PMID: 31306740 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic exercise capacity is predictive of both lifespan and healthspan but whether adaptive exercise capacity influences the benefits achieved from aerobic training implemented later in life is not known. AIM To determine if exercise late in life provides any functional improvements or underlying beneficial biochemical adaptations in rats bred to have a high response to training (HRT rats) or little to no response to training (LRT rats). METHODS Adult (11 months) and old (22 months) female LRT and HRT rats either remained sedentary (SED) or were exercised (EXER) on a treadmill 2-3 times/week at 60% of their initial maximum running speed and distance for 4 months. At 26 months of age, exercise capacity was re-evaluated and extensor digitorum longus, gastrocnemius (GTN), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles were excised for histological and biochemical analysis. RESULTS Both SED-HRT and SED-LRT rats showed decreased exercise capacity from 22 to 26 months, but with 4 months of treadmill training, EXER-HRT rats displayed a 50% improvement in exercise capacity while EXER-LRT rats maintained pre-training levels. Protein levels of antioxidant enzymes PRDX3, CuZnSOD, and PRXV were 6-fold greater in TA muscles of aged HRT rats compared to LRT rats. PGC-1α protein levels were ~2-fold greater in GTN and TA muscles of aged HRT than in LRT rats and TFAM protein was similarly elevated in GTN muscles of aged HRT rats compared with LRT rats. BNIP3 protein levels were 5-fold greater in TA muscles of aged HRT than in LRT rats while PINK1 protein content was reduced by 78% in GTN muscles of aged HRT rats compared with LRT rats. CONCLUSION HRT rats retained the ability to improve exercise capacity into late life and that ability was associated with inherent and adaptive changes in antioxidant enzyme levels and markers of and mitochondrial quality related to healthspan benefits in aging. Moreover, low intensity exercise prevented the age-associated decline in functional exercise capacity in LRT rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lemuel A Brown
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Peter C Macpherson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States of America
| | - Nathan R Qi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Susan V Brooks
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America.
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Sun Y, Cai Y, Zang QS. Cardiac Autophagy in Sepsis. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020141. [PMID: 30744190 PMCID: PMC6406743 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in intensive care units, and cardiac dysfunction is an identified serious component of the multi-organ failure associated with this critical condition. This review summarized the current discoveries and hypotheses of how autophagy changes in the heart during sepsis and the underlying mechanisms. Recent investigations suggest that specific activation of autophagy initiation factor Beclin-1 has a potential to protect cardiac mitochondria, attenuate inflammation, and improve cardiac function in sepsis. Accordingly, pharmacological interventions targeting this pathway have a potential to become an effective approach to control sepsis outcomes. The role of autophagy during sepsis pathogenesis has been under intensive investigation in recent years. It is expected that developing therapeutic approaches with specificities targeting at autophagy regulatory factors may provide new opportunities to alleviate organ dysfunction caused by maladaptive autophagy during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Sun
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390 Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, China Medical University, 77 Puhe Road, Shenbei New District, 110122 Shenyang, China.
| | - Qun S Zang
- Departments of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 75390 Dallas, TX, USA.
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Pohl SÖG, Agostino M, Dharmarajan A, Pervaiz S. Cross Talk Between Cellular Redox State and the Antiapoptotic Protein Bcl-2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:1215-1236. [PMID: 29304561 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) was discovered over three decades ago and is the prototype antiapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that comprises proteins with contrasting effects on cell fate. First identified as a consequence of chromosomal translocation (t 14:18) in human lymphoma, subsequent studies have revealed mutations and/or gene copy number alterations as well as post-translational modifications of Bcl-2 in a variety of human cancers. The canonical function of Bcl-2 is linked to its ability to inhibit mitochondrial membrane permeabilization, thereby regulating apoptosome assembly and activation by blocking the cytosolic translocation of death amplification factors. Of note, the identification of specific domains within the Bcl-2 family of proteins (Bcl-2 homology domains; BH domains) has not only provided a mechanistic insight into the various interactions between the member proteins but has also been the impetus behind the design and development of small molecule inhibitors and BH3 mimetics for clinical use. Recent Advances: Aside from its role in maintaining mitochondrial integrity, recent evidence provides testimony to a novel facet in the biology of Bcl-2 that involves an intricate cross talk with cellular redox state. Bcl-2 overexpression modulates mitochondrial redox metabolism to create a "pro-oxidant" milieu, conducive for cell survival. However, under states of oxidative stress, overexpression of Bcl-2 functions as a redox sink to prevent excessive buildup of reactive oxygen species, thereby inhibiting execution signals. Emerging evidence indicates various redox-dependent transcriptional changes and post-translational modifications with different functional outcomes. CRITICAL ISSUES Understanding the complex interplay between Bcl-2 and the cellular redox milieu from the standpoint of cell fate signaling remains vital for a better understanding of pathological states associated with altered redox metabolism and/or aberrant Bcl-2 expression. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on its canonical functions, Bcl-2 has emerged as a potential druggable target. Small molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2 and/or other family members with similar function, as well as BH3 mimetics, are showing promise in the clinic. The emerging evidence for the noncanonical activity linked to cellular redox metabolism provides a novel avenue for the design and development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies against cancers refractory to conventional chemotherapy by the overexpression of this prosurvival protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Öther-Gee Pohl
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Mark Agostino
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,3 Curtin Institute for Computation, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- 1 Stem Cell and Cancer Biology Laboratory, Curtin Health and Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University , Bentley, Western Australia .,2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- 2 School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University , Perth, Western Australia .,4 Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,5 NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore .,6 National University Cancer Institute, National University Health System , Singapore, Singapore
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Trewin AJ, Parker L, Shaw CS, Hiam DS, Garnham A, Levinger I, McConell GK, Stepto NK. Acute HIIE elicits similar changes in human skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 release, respiration, and cell signaling as endurance exercise even with less work. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 315:R1003-R1016. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00096.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It remains unclear whether high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) elicits distinct molecular responses to traditional endurance exercise relative to the total work performed. We aimed to investigate the influence of exercise intensity on acute perturbations to skeletal muscle mitochondrial function (respiration and reactive oxygen species) and metabolic and redox signaling responses. In a randomized, repeated measures crossover design, eight recreationally active individuals (24 ± 5 yr; V̇o2peak: 48 ± 11 ml·kg−1·min−1) undertook continuous moderate-intensity [CMIE: 30 min, 50% peak power output (PPO)], high-intensity interval (HIIE: 5 × 4 min, 75% PPO, work matched to CMIE), and low-volume sprint interval (SIE: 4 × 30 s) exercise, ≥7 days apart. Each session included muscle biopsies at baseline, immediately, and 3 h postexercise for high-resolution mitochondrial respirometry ( Jo2) and H2O2 emission ( Jh2o2) and gene and protein expression analysis. Immediately postexercise and irrespective of protocol, Jo2 increased during complex I + II leak/state 4 respiration but Jh2o2 decreased ( P < 0.05). AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl co-A carboxylase phosphorylation increased ~1.5 and 2.5-fold respectively, while thioredoxin-reductase-1 protein abundance was ~35% lower after CMIE vs. SIE ( P < 0.05). At 3 h postexercise, regardless of protocol, Jo2 was lower during both ADP-stimulated state 3 OXPHOS and uncoupled respiration ( P < 0.05) but Jh2o2 trended higher ( P < 0.08) and PPARGC1A mRNA increased ~13-fold, and peroxiredoxin-1 protein decreased ~35%. In conclusion, intermittent exercise performed at high intensities has similar dynamic effects on muscle mitochondrial function compared with endurance exercise, irrespective of whether total workload is matched. This suggests exercise prescription can accommodate individual preferences while generating comparable molecular signals known to promote beneficial metabolic adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Trewin
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lewan Parker
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher S. Shaw
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danielle S. Hiam
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Garnham
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Itamar Levinger
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn K. McConell
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel K. Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science, Department of Medicine, Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Centre of Health Research and Implementation, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Oliveira KM, Binda NS, Lavor MSL, Silva CMO, Rosado IR, Gabellini ELA, Da Silva JF, Oliveira CM, Melo MM, Gomez MV, Melo EG. Conotoxin MVIIA improves cell viability and antioxidant system after spinal cord injury in rats. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204948. [PMID: 30286181 PMCID: PMC6171875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates whether intrathecal MVIIA injection after spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits neuroprotective effects. The test rats were randomly distributed into six groups— sham, placebo, MVIIA 2.5 μM, MVIIA 5 μM, MVIIA 10 μM, and MVIIA 20 μM—and were administered the treatment four hours after SCI. After the optimal MVIIA dose (MVIIA 10 μM) was defined, the best time for application, one or four hours, was analyzed. Locomotor hind limb function and side effects were assessed. Forty-eight hours after the injury and immediately after euthanasia, spinal cord segments were removed from the test rats. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and glutamate release were investigated. To examine the MVIIA mechanism of action, the gene expressions of pro-apoptotic (Bax, nNOS, and caspase-3, -8, -9, -12) and anti-apoptotic (Bcl-xl) factors in the spinal cord tissue samples were determined by real-time PCR, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes were also investigated. Application of intrathecal MVIIA 10 μM four hours after SCI prompted a neuroprotective effect: neuronal death decreased (22.46%), oxidative stress diminished, pro-apoptotic factors (Bax, nNOS, and caspase-3, -8) were expressed to a lesser extent, and mitochondrial viability as well as anti-apoptotic factor (Bcl-xl) expression increased. These results suggested that MVIIA provided neuroprotection through antioxidant effects. Indeed, superoxide dismutase (188.41%), and glutathione peroxidase (199.96%), reductase (193.86%), and transferase (175.93%) expressions increased. Therefore, intrathecal MVIIA (MVIIA 10 μM, 4 h) application has neuroprotective potential, and the possible mechanisms are related to antioxidant agent modulation and to intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Oliveira
- Clinical and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Minas Gerais Federal University, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Nancy S. Binda
- Laboratory of Toxins, Institute of Education and Research, Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio L. Lavor
- Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, Santa Cruz State University, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Carla M. O. Silva
- Clinical and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Minas Gerais Federal University, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabel R. Rosado
- Veterinary Medicine Department, Uberaba University, Uberada, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana F. Da Silva
- Laboratory of Toxins, Institute of Education and Research, Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Marília M. Melo
- Clinical and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Minas Gerais Federal University, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcus Vinícius Gomez
- Laboratory of Toxins, Institute of Education and Research, Santa Casa, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eliane G. Melo
- Clinical and Surgery Department, Veterinary School, Minas Gerais Federal University, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Multiple recycling routes: Canonical vs. non-canonical mitophagy in the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:797-809. [PMID: 30290272 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The heart is composed of cardiomyocytes that require large amounts of energy to sustain contraction. Mitochondria are distinctive organelles of bacterial origin that generate most of the energy for the heart via oxidative phosphorylation. To ensure a healthy population of mitochondria that efficiently produce ATP, myocytes quickly eliminate any unhealthy or unwanted mitochondria via a process known as mitochondrial autophagy, or mitophagy. It is especially important to selectively remove damaged or aged mitochondria since they can become excessive producers of reactive oxygen species and release pro-death proteins. Because this is such a crucial cellular process, cells have several mechanisms in place to deal with potentially harmful mitochondria. Here, we review the various pathways identified to date and how they are regulated. We also discuss the importance of these canonical and non-canonical pathways in the heart and their link to cardiovascular health, disease and aging.
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