1
|
Bhardwaj I, Ansari AH, Rai SP, Singh S, Singh D. Molecular targets of caffeine in the central nervous system. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 288:35-58. [PMID: 39168558 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Caffeine is an alkaloid obtained from plants and is one of the most consumptive drug in the form of chocolate, coffee and beverages. The potential impact of caffeine within CNS can be easily understood by mechanism of action-antagonism of adenosine receptor, calcium influx, inhibits phosphodiesterases. Adenosine a neuromodulator for adenosine receptors, which are abundantly expressed within the central nervous system. Caffeine antagonized the adenosine receptor, hence stimulate expression of dopamine. It plays pivotal role in many metabolic pathways within the brain and nervous system, it reduced the amyloid-β-peptide (Aβ) accumulation, downregulation of tau protein phosphorylation, stimulate cholinergic neurons and inhibits the acetylcholinestrase (AChE). It also possess antioxidant and antiapoptotic activity. Caffeine act as nutraceutical product, improves mental health. It contains antioxidants, vitamins, minerals and dietary supplements, by reducing the risk factor of several neurodegenerations including Alzheimer's disease, migraine, gallstone, cancer, Huntington's disease and sclerosis. This act as a stimulant and have capability to increase the effectiveness of certain pain killer. Beside positive affects, over-consumption of caffeine leads to negative impact: change in sleep pattern, hallucinations, high blood pressure, mineral loss and even heartburn. This chapter highlights pros and cons of caffeine consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Bhardwaj
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Atifa Haseeb Ansari
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Swayam Prabha Rai
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sippy Singh
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Durgesh Singh
- Department of Zoology, S.S. Khanna Girls' Degree College, Prayagraj (A Constituent College of University of Allahabad), Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu S, Zhao W, Yu Z. Novel Targets and Potential Mechanisms of Mizuhopecten yessoensis-Derived Tripeptide NCW as Antihypertensive Peptides. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300552. [PMID: 38366946 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Mizuhopecten yessoensis-derived tripeptide Asn-Cys-Trp (NCW) exhibits a potent antihypertensive effect in vivo. However, a lack of knowledge of the antihypertensive mechanism of tripeptide NCW limits its application for functional foods industrialization. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the corresponding targets and mechanisms of tripeptide NCW in hypertension regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Administration of tripeptide NCW for 3 weeks, the blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) is significantly decreased. After sacrifice, the serum sample is analyzed using tandem mass tag (TMT)-based liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed proteins. The proteomic analysis indicates that tripeptide NCW administration alters serum protein profiles in SHR rats, significantly upregulating 106 proteins and downregulating 30 proteins. These proteins enhance the glycolysis, glucose, and TCA cycle, improve amino metabolism, trigger the cAMP/PKA, cGMP/PKG, PI3K/AKT, and AMPK signal pathways, and inhibit Ras-regulated JNK activation, TGF-β/MAPK, and TGF-β/ RhoA/ROCK pathways. CONCLUSION Tripeptide NCW supplementation is demonstrated to regulate signal pathways involved in the control of blood pressure and regulate the energy and amino acids metabolic processes in serum, providing important insights into the protective effects of tripeptide NCW on hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhu Zhao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yin X, Vesvoranan O, Andreopoulos F, Dauer EA, Gu W, Huang CYC. Analysis of Extracellular ATP Distribution in the Intervertebral Disc. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:542-555. [PMID: 37934317 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03398-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Progressive loss of proteoglycans (PGs) is the major biochemical change during intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as the primary energy source is not only critical for cell survival but also serves as a building block in PG synthesis. Extracellular ATP can mediate a variety of physiological functions and was shown to promote extracellular matrix (ECM) production in the IVD. Therefore, the objective of this study was to develop a 3D finite element model to predict extracellular ATP distribution in the IVD and evaluate the impact of degeneration on extracellular ATP distribution. A novel 3D finite element model of the IVD was developed by incorporating experimental measurements of ATP metabolism and ATP-PG binding kinetics into the mechano-electrochemical mixture theory. The new model was validated by experimental data of porcine IVD, and then used to analyze the extracellular distribution of ATP in human IVDs. Extracellular ATP was shown to bind specifically with PGs in IVD ECM. It was found that annulus fibrosus cells hydrolyze ATP faster than that of nucleus pulposus (NP) cells whereas NP cells exhibited a higher ATP release. The distribution of extracellular ATP in a porcine model was consistent with experimental data in our previous study. The predictions from a human IVD model showed a high accumulation of extracellular ATP in the NP region, whereas the extracellular ATP level was reduced with tissue degeneration. This study provides an understanding of extracellular ATP metabolism and its potential biological influences on the IVD via purinergic signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Oraya Vesvoranan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Fotios Andreopoulos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Edward A Dauer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Weiyong Gu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - C-Y Charles Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Miami, P.O. Box 248294, Coral Gables, FL, 33124-0621, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eickelmann C, Lieder HR, Sturek M, Heusch G, Kleinbongard P. Differences in vasomotor function of mesenteric arteries between Ossabaw minipigs with predisposition to metabolic syndrome and Göttingen minipigs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H408-H417. [PMID: 38133620 PMCID: PMC11219054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00719.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome predisposes and contributes to the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The minipig strain "Ossabaw" is characterized by a predisposition to develop metabolic syndrome. We compared vasomotor function in Ossabaw minipigs before they developed their diseased phenotype to that of Göttingen minipigs without such genetic predisposition. Mesenteric arteries of adult Ossabaw and Göttingen minipigs were dissected postmortem and mounted on a myograph for isometric force measurements. Maximal vasoconstriction to potassium chloride (KClmax) was induced. Cumulative concentration-response curves were determined in response to norepinephrine. Endothelium-dependent (with carbachol) and endothelium-independent (with nitroprusside) vasodilation were analyzed after preconstriction by norepinephrine. In a bioinformatic analysis, variants/altered base pairs within genes associated with cardiovascular disease were analyzed. KClmax was similar between the minipig strains (15.6 ± 6.7 vs. 14.1 ± 3.4 ΔmN). Vasoconstriction in response to norepinephrine was more pronounced in Ossabaw than in Göttingen minipigs (increase of force to 143 ± 48 vs. 108 ± 38% of KClmax). Endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation were less pronounced in Ossabaw than in Göttingen minipigs (decrease of force to 46.4 ± 29.6 vs. 16.0 ± 18.4% and to 36.7 ± 25.2 vs. 2.3 ± 3.7% of norepinephrine-induced preconstriction). Vasomotor function was not different between the sexes. More altered base pairs/variants were identified in Ossabaw than in Göttingen minipigs for the exon encoding adrenoceptor-α1A. Vasomotor function in lean Ossabaw minipigs is shifted toward vasoconstriction and away from vasodilation in comparison with Göttingen minipigs, suggesting a genetic predisposition for vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis in Ossabaw minipigs. Thus, Ossabaw minipigs may be a better model for human cardiovascular disease than Göttingen minipigs.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Animal models with a predisposition to metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis are attracting growing interest for translational research, as they may better mimic the variability of patients with cardiovascular disease. In Ossabaw minipigs, with a polygenic predisposition to metabolic syndrome, but without the diseased phenotype, vasoconstriction is more and vasodilation is less pronounced in mesenteric arteries than in Göttingen minipigs. Ossabaw minipigs may be a more suitable model of human cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Eickelmann
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Helmut Raphael Lieder
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Sturek
- CorVus Biomedical, LLC, and CorVus Foundation, Inc., Crawfordsville, Indiana, United States
| | - Gerd Heusch
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shah SA, Reagan CE, Bresticker JE, Wolpe AG, Good ME, Macal EH, Billcheck HO, Bradley LA, French BA, Isakson BE, Wolf MJ, Epstein FH. Obesity-Induced Coronary Microvascular Disease Is Prevented by iNOS Deletion and Reversed by iNOS Inhibition. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:501-514. [PMID: 37325396 PMCID: PMC10264569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) caused by obesity and diabetes is major contributor to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; however, the mechanisms underlying CMD are not well understood. Using cardiac magnetic resonance applied to mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet as a model of CMD, we elucidated the role of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 1400W, an iNOS antagonist, in CMD. Global iNOS deletion prevented CMD along with the associated oxidative stress and diastolic and subclinical systolic dysfunction. The 1400W treatment reversed established CMD and oxidative stress and preserved systolic/diastolic function in mice fed a high-fat, high-sucrose diet. Thus, iNOS may represent a therapeutic target for CMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soham A. Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire E. Reagan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Julia E. Bresticker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Abigail G. Wolpe
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E. Good
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Edgar H. Macal
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Helen O. Billcheck
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Leigh A. Bradley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brent A. French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brant E. Isakson
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Matthew J. Wolf
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Frederick H. Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nayeem MA, Geldenhuys WJ, Hanif A. Role of cytochrome P450-epoxygenase and soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular response. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 97:37-131. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
7
|
Nayeem MA, Hanif A, Geldenhuys WJ, Agba S. Crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in the modulation of cardiovascular, including coronary reactive hyperemic response. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 240:108213. [PMID: 35597366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous nucleoside or autacoid that affects the cardiovascular system through the activation of four G-protein coupled receptors: adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR), adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR), adenosine A2B receptor (A2BAR), and adenosine A3 receptor (A3AR). With the rapid generation of this nucleoside from cellular metabolism and the widespread distribution of its four G-protein coupled receptors in almost all organs and tissues of the body, this autacoid induces multiple physiological as well as pathological effects, not only regulating the cardiovascular system but also the central nervous system, peripheral vascular system, and immune system. Mounting evidence shows the role of CYP450-enzymes in cardiovascular physiology and pathology, and the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450s can increase susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). One of the most important physiological roles of CYP450-epoxygenases (CYP450-2C & CYP2J2) is the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) and linoleic acid (LA) into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and epoxyoctadecaenoic acid (EpOMEs) which generally involve in vasodilation. Like an increase in coronary reactive hyperemia (CRH), an increase in anti-inflammation, and cardioprotective effects. Moreover, the genetic polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases will change the beneficial cardiovascular effects of metabolites or oxylipins into detrimental effects. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is another crucial enzyme ubiquitously expressed in all living organisms and almost all organs and tissues. However, in contrast to CYP450-epoxygenases, sEH converts EETs into dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHETs), EpOMEs into dihydroxyoctadecaenoic acid (DiHOMEs), and others and reverses the beneficial effects of epoxy-fatty acids leading to vasoconstriction, reducing CRH, increase in pro-inflammation, increase in pro-thrombotic and become less cardioprotective. Therefore, polymorphisms in the sEH gene (Ephx2) cause the enzyme to become overactive, making it more vulnerable to CVDs, including hypertension. Besides the sEH, ω-hydroxylases (CYP450-4A11 & CYP450-4F2) derived metabolites from AA, ω terminal-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (19-, 20-HETE), lipoxygenase-derived mid-chain hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (5-, 11-, 12-, 15-HETEs), and the cyclooxygenase-derived prostanoids (prostaglandins: PGD2, PGF2α; thromboxane: Txs, oxylipins) are involved in vasoconstriction, hypertension, reduction in CRH, pro-inflammation and cardiac toxicity. Interestingly, the interactions of adenosine receptors (A2AAR, A1AR) with CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, sEH, and their derived metabolites or oxygenated polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs or oxylipins) is shown in the regulation of the cardiovascular functions. In addition, much evidence demonstrates polymorphisms in CYP450-epoxygenases, ω-hydroxylases, and sEH genes (Ephx2) and adenosine receptor genes (ADORA1 & ADORA2) in the human population with the susceptibility to CVDs, including hypertension. CVDs are the number one cause of death globally, coronary artery disease (CAD) was the leading cause of death in the US in 2019, and hypertension is one of the most potent causes of CVDs. This review summarizes the articles related to the crosstalk between adenosine receptors and CYP450-derived oxylipins in vascular, including the CRH response in regular salt-diet fed and high salt-diet fed mice with the correlation of heart perfusate/plasma oxylipins. By using A2AAR-/-, A1AR-/-, eNOS-/-, sEH-/- or Ephx2-/-, vascular sEH-overexpressed (Tie2-sEH Tr), vascular CYP2J2-overexpressed (Tie2-CYP2J2 Tr), and wild-type (WT) mice. This review article also summarizes the role of pro-and anti-inflammatory oxylipins in cardiovascular function/dysfunction in mice and humans. Therefore, more studies are needed better to understand the crosstalk between the adenosine receptors and eicosanoids to develop diagnostic and therapeutic tools by using plasma oxylipins profiles in CVDs, including hypertensive cases in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Nayeem
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
| | - Ahmad Hanif
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Werner J Geldenhuys
- Faculties of the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Stephanie Agba
- Graduate student, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang L, Thyagarajan D. Two Rare Cases of Long Surviving Riboflavin Transporter Deficiency with Co-Existing Adenosine Monophosphate Deaminase (AMP) Deficiency. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12121605. [PMID: 36552065 PMCID: PMC9775375 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD), formerly known as Brown−Vialetto−Van Laere syndrome, is a rare condition that causes a progressive neurological syndrome in early life with features of auditory and optic neuropathy, weakness of bulbar muscles and the diaphragm and sensorimotor neuropathy. Pathologic mutations in the genes that code for riboflavin transporters have been identified as the genetic basis of RTD, and the majority of the genetically confirmed cases are caused by mutations of SLC52A3, a riboflavin transporter 2 coding gene or compound mutations in SLC52A2, encoding riboflavin transporter 3. Fatality in childhood is common if the condition is left untreated, but survival into adulthood has been reported in cases treated with high-dose oral riboflavin. (2) Case summary: We report two long-term survivors of RTD type 2 due to compound heterozygous 185T> G and 1258G>A mutations in gene SLC2A2. They are two brothers in a family in which two female siblings died in childhood from a similar neurological disorder. Brother one, the older RTD survivor, is aged 71, and brother two is aged 58. Both have significant visual impairment from optic nerve atrophy and sensory ataxia. Their muscle biopsies showed decreased muscle adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deaminase activity. No AMPD1 mutation was detected through whole-genome sequencing. (3) Conclusion: Co-existing riboflavin transporter deficiency (RTD) type 2 and muscle AMP deaminase deficiency has not been previously reported. Apart from the possibility that there is a milder phenotype associated with these mutations in SLC2A2, AMP deaminase deficiency might have contributed to a survival benefit by preserving muscle function through accumulating intracellular AMP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Eastern Health, VIC 3128, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Dominic Thyagarajan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, The Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Broekhuizen M, de Vries R, Smits MAW, Dik WA, Schoenmakers S, Koch BCP, Merkus D, Reiss IKM, Danser AHJ, Simons SHP, Hitzerd E. Pentoxifylline as a therapeutic option for pre-eclampsia: a study on its placental effects. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:5074-5088. [PMID: 35861684 PMCID: PMC9804511 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recently pentoxifylline, a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and adenosine receptor antagonist, has attracted much interest for the treatment of the increased vascular resistance and endothelial dysfunction in pre-eclampsia. We therefore investigated the placental transfer, vascular effects and anti-inflammatory actions of pentoxifylline in healthy and pre-eclamptic human placentas. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The placental transfer and metabolism of pentoxifylline were studied using ex vivo placenta perfusion experiments. In wire myography experiments with chorionic plate arteries, pentoxifyllines vasodilator properties were investigated, focusing on the cGMP and cAMP pathways and adenosine receptors. Its effects on inflammatory factors were also studied in placental explants. KEY RESULTS Pentoxifylline transferred from the maternal to foetal circulation, reaching identical concentrations. The placenta metabolized pentoxifylline into its active metabolite lisofylline (M1), which was released into both circulations. In healthy placentas, pentoxifylline potentiated cAMP- and cGMP-induced vasodilation, as well as causing vasodilation by adenosine A1 antagonism and via NO synthase and PKG. Pentoxifylline also reduced inflammatory factors secretion. In pre-eclamptic placentas, we observed that its vasodilator capacity was preserved, however not via NO-PKG but likely through adenosine signalling. Pentoxifylline neither potentiated vasodilation through cAMP and cGMP, nor suppressed the release of inflammatory factors from these placentas. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Pentoxifylline is transferred across and metabolized by the placenta. Its beneficial effects on the NO pathway and inflammation are not retained in pre-eclampsia, limiting its application in this disease, although it could be useful for other placenta-related disorders. Future studies might focus on selective A1 receptor antagonists as a new treatment for pre-eclampsia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Broekhuizen
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Rene de Vries
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Marja A. W. Smits
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of ImmunologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Willem A. Dik
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Department of ImmunologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sam Schoenmakers
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Birgit C. P. Koch
- Department of PharmacyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Daphne Merkus
- Division of Experimental Cardiology, Department of CardiologyErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Irwin K. M. Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - A. H. Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Sinno H. P. Simons
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Emilie Hitzerd
- Division of Neonatology, Department of PaediatricsErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal MedicineErasmus MC University Medical CenterRotterdamThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peptide Lv augments intermediate-conductance calcium-dependent potassium channels (KCa3.1) in endothelial cells to promote angiogenesis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0276744. [PMID: 36282858 PMCID: PMC9595550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0276744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide Lv is a small endogenous secretory peptide that is expressed in various tissues and conserved across different species. Patients with diabetic retinopathy, an ocular disease with pathological angiogenesis, have upregulated peptide Lv in their retinas. The pro-angiogenic activity of peptide Lv is in part through promoting vascular endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, and sprouting, but its molecular mechanism is not completely understood. This study aimed to decipher how peptide Lv promotes EC-dependent angiogenesis by using patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings, Western immunoblotting, quantitative PCR, and cell proliferation assays in cultured ECs. Endothelial cells treated with peptide Lv became significantly hyperpolarized, an essential step for EC activation. Treatment with peptide Lv augmented the expression and current densities of the intermediate-conductance calcium-dependent potassium (KCa3.1) channels that contribute to EC hyperpolarization but did not augment other potassium channels. Blocking KCa3.1 attenuated peptide Lv-elicited EC proliferation. These results indicate that peptide Lv-stimulated increases of functional KCa3.1 in ECs contributes to EC activation and EC-dependent angiogenesis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sytha SP, Self TS, Heaps CL. K + channels in the coronary microvasculature of the ischemic heart. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:141-166. [PMID: 36368873 PMCID: PMC10494550 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death and a major public health and economic burden worldwide with expectations of predicted growth in the foreseeable future. It is now recognized clinically that flow-limiting stenosis of the large coronary conduit arteries as well as microvascular dysfunction in the absence of severe stenosis can each contribute to the etiology of ischemic heart disease. The primary site of coronary vascular resistance, and control of subsequent coronary blood flow, is found in the coronary microvasculature, where small changes in radius can have profound impacts on myocardial perfusion. Basal active tone and responses to vasodilators and vasoconstrictors are paramount in the regulation of coronary blood flow and adaptations in signaling associated with ion channels are a major factor in determining alterations in vascular resistance and thereby myocardial blood flow. K+ channels are of particular importance as contributors to all aspects of the regulation of arteriole resistance and control of perfusion into the myocardium because these channels dictate membrane potential, the resultant activity of voltage-gated calcium channels, and thereby, the contractile state of smooth muscle. Evidence also suggests that K+ channels play a significant role in adaptations with cardiovascular disease states. In this review, we highlight our research examining the role of K+ channels in ischemic heart disease and adaptations with exercise training as treatment, as well as how our findings have contributed to this area of study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharanee P Sytha
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Trevor S Self
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Cristine L Heaps
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; Michael E. DeBakey Institute for Comparative Cardiovascular Science and Biomedical Devices, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mace EH, Kimlinger MJ, No TJ, Dikalov SI, Hennessy C, Shotwell MS, Billings FT, Lopez MG. SOLUBLE GUANYLYL CYCLASE ACTIVATION RESCUES HYPEROXIA-INDUCED DYSFUNCTION OF VASCULAR RELAXATION. Shock 2022; 58:280-286. [PMID: 36018251 PMCID: PMC9588649 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: Perioperative alterations in perfusion lead to ischemia and reperfusion injury, and supplemental oxygen is administered during surgery to limit hypoxic injury but can lead to hyperoxia. We hypothesized that hyperoxia impairs endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation but not the vasodilatory response to heme-independent soluble guanylyl cyclase activation. Methods: We measured the effect of oxygen on vascular reactivity in mouse aortas. Mice were ventilated with 21% (normoxia), 60% (moderate hyperoxia), or 100% (severe hyperoxia) oxygen during 30 minutes of renal ischemia and 30 minutes of reperfusion. After sacrifice, the thoracic aorta was isolated, and segments mounted on a wire myograph. We measured endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation with escalating concentrations of acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), respectively, and we measured the response to heme-independent soluble guanylyl cyclase activation with cinaciguat. Vasodilator responses to each agonist were quantified as the maximal theoretical response ( Emax ) and the effective concentration to elicit 50% relaxation (EC 50 ) using a sigmoid model and nonlinear mixed-effects regression. Aortic superoxide was measured with dihydroethidium probe and high-performance liquid chromatography quantification of the specific superoxide product 2-hydroxyethidium. Results: Hyperoxia impaired endothelium-dependent (ACh) and endothelium-independent (SNP) vasodilation compared with normoxia and had no effect on cinaciguat-induced vasodilation. The median ACh Emax was 76.4% (95% confidence interval = 69.6 to 83.3) in the normoxia group, 53.5% (46.7 to 60.3) in the moderate hyperoxia group, and 53.1% (46.3 to 60.0) in the severe hyperoxia group ( P < 0.001, effect across groups), while the ACh EC 50 was not different among groups. The SNP Emax was 133.1% (122.9 to 143.3) in normoxia, 128.3% (118.1 to 138.6) in moderate hyperoxia, and 114.8% (104.6 to 125.0) in severe hyperoxia ( P < 0.001, effect across groups), and the SNP EC 50 was 0.38 log M greater in moderate hyperoxia than in normoxia (95% confidence interval = 0.18 to 0.58, P < 0.001). Cinaciguat Emax and EC 50 were not different among oxygen treatment groups (median range Emax = 78.0% to 79.4% and EC 50 = -18.0 to -18.2 log M across oxygen groups). Aorta 2-hydroxyethidium was 1419 pmol/mg of protein (25th-75th percentile = 1178-1513) in normoxia, 1993 (1831-2473) in moderate hyperoxia, and 2078 (1936-2922) in severe hyperoxia ( P = 0.008, effect across groups). Conclusions: Hyperoxia, compared with normoxia, impaired endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation but not the response to heme-independent soluble guanylyl cyclase activation, and hyperoxia increased vascular superoxide production. Results from this study could have important implications for patients receiving high concentrations of oxygen and at risk for ischemia reperfusion-mediated organ injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric H Mace
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Tom J No
- College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Sergey I Dikalov
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cassandra Hennessy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Matthew S Shotwell
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Frederic T Billings
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Marcos G Lopez
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dora KA, Lin J, Borysova L, Beleznai T, Taggart M, Ascione R, Garland C. Signaling and structures underpinning conducted vasodilation in human and porcine intramyocardial coronary arteries. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:980628. [PMID: 36035957 PMCID: PMC9411971 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.980628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adequate blood flow into coronary micro-arteries is essential for myocardial function. Here we assess the mechanisms responsible for amplifying blood flow into myogenically-contracting human and porcine intramyocardial micro-arteries ex vivo using endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators. Methods Human and porcine atrial and ventricular small intramyocardial coronary arteries (IMCAs) were studied with pressure myography and imaged using confocal microscopy and serial section/3-D reconstruction EM. Results 3D rendered ultrastructure images of human right atrial (RA-) IMCAs revealed extensive homo-and hetero-cellular contacts, including to longitudinally-arranged smooth muscle cells (l-SMCs) found between the endothelial cells (ECs) and radially-arranged medial SMCs (r-SMCs). Local and conducted vasodilatation followed focal application of bradykinin in both human and porcine RA-IMCAs, and relied on hyperpolarization of SMCs, but not nitric oxide. Bradykinin initiated asynchronous oscillations in endothelial cell Ca2+ in pressurized RA-IMCAs and, as previously shown in human RA-IMCAs, hyperpolarized porcine arteries. Immunolabelling showed small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (KCa) present in the endothelium of both species, and concentration-dependent vasodilation to bradykinin followed activation of these KCa channels. Extensive electrical coupling was demonstrated between r-SMCs and l-SMCs, providing an additional pathway to facilitate the well-established myoendothelial coupling. Conducted dilation was still evident in a human RA-IMCA with poor myogenic tone, and heterocellular contacts were visible in the 3D reconstructed artery. Hyperpolarization and conducted vasodilation was also observed to adenosine which, in contrast to bradykinin, was sensitive to combined block of ATP-sensitive (KATP) and inwardly rectifying (KIR) K+ channels. Conclusions These data extend our understanding of the mechanisms that coordinate human coronary microvascular blood flow and the mechanistic overlap with porcine IMCAs. The unusual presence of l-SMCs provides an additional pathway for rapid intercellular signaling between cells of the coronary artery wall. Local and conducted vasodilation follow hyperpolarization of the ECs or SMCs, and contact-coupling between l-SMCs and r-SMCs likely facilitates this vasodilation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kim A Dora
- The Vascular Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - JinHeng Lin
- The Vascular Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lyudmyla Borysova
- The Vascular Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Timea Beleznai
- The Vascular Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Taggart
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Garland
- The Vascular Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
King DR, Sedovy MW, Eaton X, Dunaway LS, Good ME, Isakson BE, Johnstone SR. Cell-To-Cell Communication in the Resistance Vasculature. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3833-3867. [PMID: 35959755 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The arterial vasculature can be divided into large conduit arteries, intermediate contractile arteries, resistance arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. Resistance arteries and arterioles primarily function to control systemic blood pressure. The resistance arteries are composed of a layer of endothelial cells oriented parallel to the direction of blood flow, which are separated by a matrix layer termed the internal elastic lamina from several layers of smooth muscle cells oriented perpendicular to the direction of blood flow. Cells within the vessel walls communicate in a homocellular and heterocellular fashion to govern luminal diameter, arterial resistance, and blood pressure. At rest, potassium currents govern the basal state of endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Multiple stimuli can elicit rises in intracellular calcium levels in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells, sourced from intracellular stores such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the extracellular space. In general, activation of endothelial cells results in the production of a vasodilatory signal, usually in the form of nitric oxide or endothelial-derived hyperpolarization. Conversely, activation of smooth muscle cells results in a vasoconstriction response through smooth muscle cell contraction. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12: 1-35, 2022.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Ryan King
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Meghan W Sedovy
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Translational Biology, Medicine, and Health Graduate Program, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Xinyan Eaton
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA
| | - Luke S Dunaway
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Miranda E Good
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion, Center for Vascular and Heart Research, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Panza GS, Puri S, Lin HS, Mateika JH. Divergent Ventilatory and Blood Pressure Responses are Evident Following Repeated Daily Exposure to Mild Intermittent Hypoxia in Males with OSA and Hypertension. Front Physiol 2022; 13:897978. [PMID: 35721527 PMCID: PMC9204590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.897978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Resting minute ventilation and ventilation during and following hypoxia may be enhanced following daily exposure to mild intermittent hypoxia (MIH). In contrast, resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) is reduced following daily exposure to MIH. However, it is presently unknown if the reduction in resting SBP following daily exposure, is coupled with reduced SBP responses during and after acute exposure to MIH. Methods: Participants with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension (n = 10) were exposed to twelve 2-min bouts of MIH (oxygen saturation—87%)/day for 15 days. A control group (n = 6) was exposed to a sham protocol during which compressed air (i.e., FIO2 = 0.21) was inspired in place of MIH. Results: The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) and hypoxic systolic blood pressure response (HSBP) increased from the first to the last hypoxic episode on the initial (HVR: 0.08 ± 0.02 vs. 0.13 ± 0.02 L/min/mmHg, p = 0.03; HSBP: 0.13 ± 0.04 vs. 0.37 ± 0.06 mmHg/mmHg, p < 0.001) and final (HVR: 0.10 ± 0.01 vs. 0.15 ± 0.03 L/min/mmHg, p = 0.03; HSBP: 0.16 ± 0.03 vs. 0.41 ± 0.34 mmHg/mmHg, p < 0.001) day. The magnitude of the increase was not different between days (p ≥ 0.83). Following exposure to MIH, minute ventilation and SBP was elevated compared to baseline on the initial (MV: 16.70 ± 1.10 vs. 14.20 ± 0.28 L/min, p = 0.01; SBP: 167.26 ± 4.43 vs. 151.13 ± 4.56 mmHg, p < 0.001) and final (MV: 17.90 ± 1.25 vs. 15.40 ± 0.77 L/min, p = 0.01; SBP: 156.24 ± 3.42 vs. 137.18 ± 4.17 mmHg, p < 0.001) day. The magnitude of the increases was similar on both days (MV: 3.68 ± 1.69 vs. 3.22 ± 1.27 L/min, SBP: 14.83 ± 2.64 vs. 14.28 ± 1.66 mmHg, p ≥ 0.414). Despite these similarities, blood pressure at baseline and at other time points during the MIH protocol was reduced on the final compared to the initial day (p ≤ 0.005). Conclusion: The ventilatory and blood pressure responses during and following acute MIH were similar on the initial and final day of exposure. Alternatively, blood pressure was down regulated, while ventilation was similar at all time points (i.e., baseline, during and following MIH) after daily exposure to MIH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gino S Panza
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Shipra Puri
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Ho-Sheng Lin
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Jason H Mateika
- John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Wernly B, Cao X, Mustafa SJ, Tang Y, Zhou Z. Adenosine and adenosine receptor-mediated action in coronary microcirculation. Basic Res Cardiol 2021; 116:22. [PMID: 33755785 PMCID: PMC7987637 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-021-00859-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is an ubiquitous extracellular signaling molecule and plays a fundamental role in the regulation of coronary microcirculation through activation of adenosine receptors (ARs). Adenosine is regulated by various enzymes and nucleoside transporters for its balance between intra- and extracellular compartments. Adenosine-mediated coronary microvascular tone and reactive hyperemia are through receptors mainly involving A2AR activation on both endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but also involving interaction among other ARs. Activation of ARs further stimulates downstream targets of H2O2, KATP, KV and KCa2+ channels leading to coronary vasodilation. An altered adenosine-ARs signaling in coronary microcirculation has been observed in several cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, diabetes, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease. Adenosine as a metabolite and its receptors have been studied for its both therapeutic and diagnostic abilities. The present review summarizes important aspects of adenosine metabolism and AR-mediated actions in the coronary microcirculation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- The International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Bernhard Wernly
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Xin Cao
- The International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - S Jamal Mustafa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, USA
| | - Yong Tang
- The International Collaborative Centre On Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhichao Zhou
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schindler TH, Bhandiwad A. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Determined T1 Reactivity Holds Promise for a New Avenue of Coronary Circulatory Function Characterization. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:e012429. [PMID: 33706539 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.121.012429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Schindler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine (T.H.S.), Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Cardiovascular Division, John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine (T.H.S. and A.B.). Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Anita Bhandiwad
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology and Cardiovascular Division, John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine (T.H.S. and A.B.). Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine stress T1 mapping is an emerging magnetic resonance imaging method to investigate coronary vascular function and myocardial ischemia without application of a contrast agent. Using gene-modified mice and 2 vasodilators, we elucidated and compared the mechanisms of adenosine myocardial perfusion imaging and adenosine T1 mapping. METHODS Wild-type (WT), A2AAR-/- (adenosine A2A receptor knockout), A2BAR-/- (adenosine A2B receptor knockout), A3AR-/- (adenosine A3 receptor knockout), and eNOS-/- (endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout) mice underwent rest and stress perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (n=8) and T1 mapping (n=10) using either adenosine, regadenoson (a selective A2AAR agonist), or saline. Myocardial blood flow and T1 were computed from perfusion imaging and T1 mapping, respectively, at rest and stress to assess myocardial perfusion reserve and T1 reactivity (ΔT1). Changes in heart rate for each stress agent were also calculated. Two-way ANOVA was used to detect differences in each parameter between the different groups of mice. RESULTS Myocardial perfusion reserve was significantly reduced only in A2AAR-/- compared to WT mice using adenosine (1.06±0.16 versus 2.03±0.52, P<0.05) and regadenoson (0.98±026 versus 2.13±0.75, P<0.05). In contrast, adenosine ΔT1 was reduced compared with WT mice (3.88±1.58) in both A2AAR-/- (1.63±1.32, P<0.05) and A2BAR-/- (1.55±1.35, P<0.05). Furthermore, adenosine ΔT1 was halved in eNOS-/- (1.76±1.46, P<0.05) versus WT mice. Regadenoson ΔT1 was approximately half of adenosine ΔT1 in WT mice (1.97±1.50, P<0.05), and additionally, it was significantly reduced in eNOS-/- mice (-0.22±1.46, P<0.05). Lastly, changes in heart rate was 2× greater using regadenoson versus adenosine in all groups except A2AAR-/-, where heart rate remained constant. CONCLUSIONS The major findings are that (1) although adenosine myocardial perfusion reserve is mediated through the A2A receptor, adenosine ΔT1 is mediated through the A2A and A2B receptors, (2) adenosine myocardial perfusion reserve is endothelial independent while adenosine ΔT1 is partially endothelial dependent, and (3) ΔT1 mediated through the A2A receptor is endothelial dependent while ΔT1 mediated through the A2B receptor is endothelial independent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soham A Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.A.S., C.E.R., B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Claire E Reagan
- Department of Radiology (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Brent A French
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.A.S., C.E.R., B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Radiology (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Frederick H Epstein
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (S.A.S., C.E.R., B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,Department of Radiology (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.,The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (B.A.F., F.H.E.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rueda P, Merlin J, Chimenti S, Feletou M, Paysant J, White PJ, Christopoulos A, Sexton PM, Summers RJ, Charman WN, May LT, Langmead CJ. Pharmacological Insights Into Safety and Efficacy Determinants for the Development of Adenosine Receptor Biased Agonists in the Treatment of Heart Failure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:628060. [PMID: 33776771 PMCID: PMC7991592 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.628060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) are a potential target for cardiac injury treatment due to their cardioprotective/antihypertrophic actions, but drug development has been hampered by on-target side effects such as bradycardia and altered renal hemodynamics. Biased agonism has emerged as an attractive mechanism for A1R-mediated cardioprotection that is haemodynamically safe. Here we investigate the pre-clinical pharmacology, efficacy and side-effect profile of the A1R agonist neladenoson, shown to be safe but ineffective in phase IIb trials for the treatment of heart failure. We compare this agent with the well-characterized, pan-adenosine receptor (AR) agonist NECA, capadenoson, and the A1R biased agonist VCP746, previously shown to be safe and cardioprotective in pre-clinical models of heart failure. We show that like VCP746, neladenoson is biased away from Ca2+ influx relative to NECA and the cAMP pathway at the A1R, a profile predictive of a lack of adenosine-like side effects. Additionally, neladenoson was also biased away from the MAPK pathway at the A1R. In contrast to VCP746, which displays more 'adenosine-like' signaling at the A2BR, neladenoson was a highly selective A1R agonist, with biased, weak agonism at the A2BR. Together these results show that unwanted hemodynamic effects of A1R agonists can be avoided by compounds biased away from Ca2+ influx relative to cAMP, relative to NECA. The failure of neladenoson to reach primary endpoints in clinical trials suggests that A1R-mediated cAMP inhibition may be a poor indicator of effectiveness in chronic heart failure. This study provides additional information that can aid future screening and/or design of improved AR agonists that are safe and efficacious in treating heart failure in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Rueda
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jon Merlin
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stefano Chimenti
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Michel Feletou
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Jerome Paysant
- Cardiovascular Discovery Research Unit, Institut de Recherches Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Paul J. White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Arthur Christopoulos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger J. Summers
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - William N. Charman
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sarvasti D, Lalenoh I, Oepangat E, Purwowiyoto BS, Santoso A, Romdoni R. Cardiovascular Protection Variables Based on Exercise Intensity in Stable Coronary Heart Disease Patients After Coronary Stenting: A Comparative Study. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2020; 16:257-270. [PMID: 32753874 PMCID: PMC7352377 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s259190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our study aimed at determining and comparing the mechanism of cardiovascular protection variables in moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) after coronary stenting. Participants and Methods This experimental study used the same subject and cross-over design, involving eleven stable CHD patients after coronary stenting. These were randomly divided into two groups; MICT for 29 minutes at 50–60% heart rate reserve and HIIT with 4x4 minute intervals at 60–80% heart rate reserve, each followed by three minutes of active recovery at 40–50% heart rate reserve. These were conducted three times a week for two weeks. The participants’ levels of adrenaline, noradrenaline, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) activity assayed, and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were examined before and after treatments were completed. Results The HIIT significantly increased the levels of noradrenaline and eNOS compared with MICT (p<0.05). Also, HIIT was better in maintaining EC-SOD activity and FMD compared with MICT (p<0.05). Through the noradrenalin pathway, HIIT had a direct and significant effect on eNOS and FMD (p<0.05) but MICT, through the noradrenaline pathways, had a direct and significant effect on eNOS (p<0.05), and through the EC-SOD activity pathways had a direct and significant effect on FMD (p<0.05). MICT reduced EC-SOD activity and also decreased the FMD value. Conclusion HIIT is superior to MICT in increasing cardiovascular protection by increasing the concentrations of noradrenalin and eNOS, maintaining EC-SOD activity, and FMD in stable CHD patients after coronary stenting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dyana Sarvasti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Widya Mandala Catholic University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Isabella Lalenoh
- Department of Cardiology, Siloam Hospital TB Simatupang, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Emanoel Oepangat
- Department of Cardiology, Siloam Hospital TB Simatupang, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Budhi Setianto Purwowiyoto
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Anwar Santoso
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rochmad Romdoni
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University - Dr. Soetomo District General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davila A, Tian Y, Czikora I, S Weissman A, Weinand N, Dong G, Xu J, Li J, Su H, Kapuku G, Huo Y, Bagi Z. Adenosine kinase inhibition enhances microvascular dilator function and improves left ventricle diastolic dysfunction. Microcirculation 2020; 27:e12624. [PMID: 32352607 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inhibition of adenosine kinase (ADK), via augmenting endogenous adenosine levels exerts cardiovascular protection. We tested the hypothesis that ADK inhibition improves microvascular dilator and left ventricle (LV) contractile function under metabolic or hemodynamic stress. METHODS AND RESULTS In Obese diabetic Zucker fatty/spontaneously hypertensive heart failure F1 hybrid rats, treatment with the selective ADK inhibitor, ABT-702 (1.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injections for 8-week) restored acetylcholine-, sodium nitroprusside-, and adenosine-induced dilations in isolated coronary arterioles, an effect that was accompanied by normalized end-diastolic pressure (in mm Hg, Lean: 3.4 ± 0.6, Obese: 17.6 ± 4.2, Obese + ABT: 6.6 ± 1.4) and LV relaxation constant, Tau (in ms, Lean: 6.9 ± 1.5, Obese: 13.9 ± 1.7, Obese + ABT: 6.0 ± 1.1). Mice with vascular endothelium selective ADK deletion (ADKVEC KO) exhibited an enhanced dilation to acetylcholine in isolated gracilis muscle (lgEC50 WT: -8.2 ± 0.1, ADKVEC KO: -8.8 ± 0.1, P < .05) and mesenteric arterioles (lgEC50 WT: -7.4 ± 0.2, ADKVEC KO: -8.1 ± 1.2, P < .05) when compared to wild-type (WT) mice, whereas relaxation of the femoral artery and aorta (lgEC50 WT: -7.03 ± 0.6, ADKVEC KO: -7.05 ± 0.8) was similar in the two groups. Wild-type mice progressively developed LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction when they underwent transverse aortic constriction surgery, whereas ADKVEC -KO mice displayed a lesser degree in decline of LV function. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that ADK inhibition selectively enhances microvascular vasodilator function, whereby it improves LV perfusion and LV contractile function under metabolic and hemodynamic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Davila
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yanna Tian
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Istvan Czikora
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Amanda S Weissman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Nicholas Weinand
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Guangkuo Dong
- Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jiean Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Jie Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Huabo Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tatarunas V, Kupstyte-Kristapone N, Zvikas V, Jakstas V, Zaliunas R, Lesauskaite V. Factors associated with platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetes after acute coronary syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3175. [PMID: 32081968 PMCID: PMC7035295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59663-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet drugs are prescribed without considering the diabetic status of the patient. The objective of the current investigation was to determine the impact of clinical factors, CYP4F2 enzyme and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) concentrations on high on-treatment platelet reactivity in patients with diabetes treated with antiplatelet drugs following acute coronary syndromes. A total of 667 patients were included in the study. Dual antiplatelet drug loading dosages with aspirin (300 mg) and ticagrelor (180 mg) or clopidogrel (600 mg) were prescribed to all the studied patients. Testing of platelet aggregation was performed the day after loading antiplatelet drug dosages. Platelet aggregation test was done according to the classical Born method. Multivariate binary regression analysis demonstrated that insulin use and higher 20-HETE concentration increased the odds of high on-treatment platelet reactivity during the initiation of antiplatelet drug therapy (OR: 3.968, 95% CI: 1.478-10.656, p = 0.006 and OR: 1.139, 95% CI: 1.073-1.210, respectively, p < 0.001). Ticagrelor use decreased the odds of developing high on-treatment platelet reactivity (OR: 0.238, 95% CI: 0.097-0.585, p = 0.002). Data from this study revealed that high on-treatment platelet reactivity during dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with diabetes may depend on such factors as insulin prescription and 20-HETE concentration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vacis Tatarunas
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania.
| | - Nora Kupstyte-Kristapone
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
- Department of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
- Cardiovascular Center of Republican hospital of Siauliai, V. Kudirkos g. 99, 76231, Siauliai, LT, Lithuania
| | - Vaidotas Zvikas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 13, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
| | - Valdas Jakstas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 13, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Zaliunas
- Department of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu 2, LT, 50009, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaiva Lesauskaite
- Institute of Cardiology of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu 15, Kaunas, LT, 50009, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Synthesis and vasodilator activity of some pyridazin-3(2H)-one based compounds. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:37-50. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2019-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Hypertension is a major health problem worldwide resulting in high death rates due to its consequences and complications. Therefore, searching for new vasorelaxants is a must to find new vasodilators efficient for the treatment of different cardiovascular diseases. Methodology: Different 6-phenyl-3-pyridazinone based derivatives were synthesized and screened for their vasorelaxant activity according to the reported method using hydralazine as a standard. Results: The tested compounds revealed potent to mild activity with EC50 values 0.339–114.300 μM compared with hydralazine EC50 = 18.210 μM. Conclusion: The most active compounds were the acid 5, its ester analog 4 and 4-methoxyphenylhydrazide derivative 10c (EC50 = 0.339, 1.225 and 1.204 μM, respectively). Therefore, 6-phenylpyridazin-3(2 H)-one can be a hit for structural optimization to obtain promising vasorelaxants.
Collapse
|
24
|
Reiss AB, Grossfeld D, Kasselman LJ, Renna HA, Vernice NA, Drewes W, Konig J, Carsons SE, DeLeon J. Adenosine and the Cardiovascular System. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2019; 19:449-464. [PMID: 30972618 PMCID: PMC6773474 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-019-00345-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside with a short half-life that regulates many physiological functions involving the heart and cardiovascular system. Among the cardioprotective properties of adenosine are its ability to improve cholesterol homeostasis, impact platelet aggregation and inhibit the inflammatory response. Through modulation of forward and reverse cholesterol transport pathways, adenosine can improve cholesterol balance and thereby protect macrophages from lipid overload and foam cell transformation. The function of adenosine is controlled through four G-protein coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Of these four, it is the A2A receptor that is in a large part responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of adenosine as well as defense against excess cholesterol accumulation. A2A receptor agonists are the focus of efforts by the pharmaceutical industry to develop new cardiovascular therapies, and pharmacological actions of the atheroprotective and anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate are mediated via release of adenosine and activation of the A2A receptor. Also relevant are anti-platelet agents that decrease platelet activation and adhesion and reduce thrombotic occlusion of atherosclerotic arteries by antagonizing adenosine diphosphate-mediated effects on the P2Y12 receptor. The purpose of this review is to discuss the effects of adenosine on cell types found in the arterial wall that are involved in atherosclerosis, to describe use of adenosine and its receptor ligands to limit excess cholesterol accumulation and to explore clinically applied anti-platelet effects. Its impact on electrophysiology and use as a clinical treatment for myocardial preservation during infarct will also be covered. Results of cell culture studies, animal experiments and human clinical trials are presented. Finally, we highlight future directions of research in the application of adenosine as an approach to improving outcomes in persons with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
|
25
|
Davila A, Tian Y, Czikora I, Li J, Su H, Huo Y, Patel V, Robinson V, Kapuku G, Weintraub N, Bagi Z. Adenosine Kinase Inhibition Augments Conducted Vasodilation and Prevents Left Ventricle Diastolic Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail 2019; 12:e005762. [PMID: 31525084 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.118.005762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is often manifested as impaired cardiovascular reserve. We sought to determine if conducted vasodilation, which coordinates microvascular resistance longitudinally to match tissue metabolic demand, becomes compromised in HFpEF. We hypothesized that the metabolic vasodilator adenosine facilitates and that inhibition of ADK (adenosine kinase) augments conducted vasodilation for a more efficient myocardial perfusion and improved left ventricle (LV) diastolic function in HFpEF. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed conducted vasodilation in obese ZSF1 rats that develop LV diastolic dysfunction and is used to model human HFpEF. Additionally, conducted vasodilation was measured in arterioles isolated from the right atrial appendages of patients with HFpEF. We found a markedly reduced conducted vasodilation both in obese ZSF1 rats and in patients with HFpEF. Impaired conducted vasodilation was accompanied by increased vascular ADK expression. Isolated rat and human arterioles incubated with adenosine (10 nmol/L) or ADK inhibitor ABT-702 (0.1 µmol/L) both displayed augmented conducted vasodilation. Treatment of obese ZSF1 rats with ABT-702 (1.5 mg/kg, IP for 8 weeks) prevented LV diastolic dysfunction, and in a crossover design augmented conducted vasodilation and improved LV diastolic function. ABT-702 treated obese ZSF1 rats exhibited reduced expression of myocardial carbonic anhydrase 9 and collagen, surrogate markers of myocardial hypoxia. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of vascular ADK mitigates adenosine-facilitated conducted vasodilation in obese ZSF1 rats and in patients with HFpEF. We propose that pharmacological inhibition of ADK could be beneficial for therapeutic augmentation of conducted vasodilation, thereby improving tissue perfusion and LV diastolic function in HFpEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec Davila
- Department of Physiology (A.D., Y.T., I.C., Z.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Yanna Tian
- Department of Physiology (A.D., Y.T., I.C., Z.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Istvan Czikora
- Department of Physiology (A.D., Y.T., I.C., Z.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Jie Li
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., H.S., Y.H., N.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Huabo Su
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., H.S., Y.H., N.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Yuqing Huo
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., H.S., Y.H., N.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Vijay Patel
- Department of Surgery (V.P.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Vincent Robinson
- Division of Cardiology (V.R., N.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Gaston Kapuku
- Department of Medicine, Georgia Prevention Institute, Department of Population Health Sciences (G.K.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Neal Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center (J.L., H.S., Y.H., N.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University.,Division of Cardiology (V.R., N.W.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- Department of Physiology (A.D., Y.T., I.C., Z.B.), Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Endogenously released adenosine causes pulmonary vasodilation during the acute phase of pulmonary embolization in dogs. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2019; 24:100396. [PMID: 31334333 PMCID: PMC6620623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2019.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Endogenous adenosine levels increase under stress in various organs. Exogenously administered adenosine is a well-known pulmonary vasodilator. However, the physiology and therapeutic potential of endogenous adenosine during alteration in pulmonary hemodynamics such as pulmonary embolism is not elucidated. We hypothesized that the adenosine level increases following an acute elevation of pulmonary resistance, resulting in pulmonary vasodilation. Methods We induced acute pulmonary embolization by injecting plastic beads in anesthetized dogs. Plasma adenosine levels, defined as the product of plasma adenosine concentration and simultaneous cardiac output, were assessed from blood samples from the superior vena cava, main pulmonary artery (MPA), and ascending aorta 1 and 10 min following injection. Hemodynamics were assessed with (n = 3) and without (n = 8) administration of the adenosine receptor blocker, 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline (8SPT). Results Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) increased from 11 ± 1 mmHg, peaking at 28 ± 4 mmHg at 52 ± 13 s after injection. During this period, total pulmonary resistance (TPR) elevated from 11 ± 1 to 33 ± 6 Wood unit. Plasma adenosine levels increased in the MPA from 14.5 ± 2 to 38.8 ± 7 nmol/min 1 min after injection. TPR showed greater elevation under 8SPT treatment, to 96 ± 12 Wood unit at PAP peak. Conclusions Endogenously released adenosine after acute pulmonary embolization is one of the initial pulmonary vasodilators. The immediate surge in plasma adenosine levels in the MPA could lead to a hypothesis that adenosine is released by the right heart in response to pressure overload. Adenosine levels increased after experimental acute pulmonary embolization. Plasma adenosine levels immediately rose in the main pulmonary artery. Adenosine is one of the initial pulmonary vasodilators after embolization. Released adenosine could originate from the right heart following pressure overload.
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao H, Zhang M, Liu Q, Wang X, Zhao R, Geng Y, Wong T, Li S, Wang X. A comprehensive screening shows that ergothioneine is the most abundant antioxidant in the wild macrofungus Phylloporia ribis Ryvarden. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART C, ENVIRONMENTAL CARCINOGENESIS & ECOTOXICOLOGY REVIEWS 2018; 36:98-111. [PMID: 29667505 DOI: 10.1080/10590501.2018.1450201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The polar and non-polar extracts from the authenticated wild mushroom Phylloporia ribis were separated by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) and by reverse phase (RP)-HPLC, respectively. A split valve separated the eluents into two fractions for free-radical scavenging analysis and for structural identification. Forty-six compounds showed scavenging activity of the stable-free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The structures of 8 antioxidants (inosine, caffeic acid, ergothioneine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, adenosine, 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, apigenin, and naringenin) are characterized by Mass Spectrometer. Among them, ergothioneine was the most abundant (>65%) and most active antioxidant in P. ribis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hengqiang Zhao
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Minmin Zhang
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Qian Liu
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Ruixuan Zhao
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Yanling Geng
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| | - Tityee Wong
- b Biological Sciences , University of Memphis , Memphis , Tennessee , USA
| | - Shengbo Li
- c Shandong Yate Eco-tech Co. LTD. , Linyi , China
| | - Xiao Wang
- a Shandong Key Laboratory of TCM Quality Control Technology, Shandong Analysis and Test Center , Qilu University Of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences) , Jinan , China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Park K, Cho YR, Park JS, Park TH, Kim MH, Kim YD. Design and Rationale for comParison Between ticagreLor and clopidogrEl on mIcrocirculation in Patients with Acute cOronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PLEIO) Trial. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:42-49. [PMID: 29344840 PMCID: PMC5846973 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been previously demonstrated that ticagrelor can reduce mortality compared to clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. However, the mechanism for this mortality reduction remains uncertain. The objective of the present study is to assess the impact of chronic ticagrelor treatment on microvascular circulation. A total of 120 participants aged 20–85 years with clinical diagnosis of ACS will be randomized in a 1:1 fashion to the following two groups: ticagrelor 90 mg twice daily; clopidogrel 75 mg once daily. To evaluate the status of microcirculation, the primary end point is coronary microvascular dysfunction measured using an index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) at 6 months after receiving the study agent. The purpose of this trial is to investigate whether ticagrelor, beyond its antiplatelet efficacy, could improve coronary microcirculation more effectively than clopidogrel for patients with ACS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungil Park
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea.
- Regional Cardiovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Daesingongwon 26, Seo-gu, Busan, 49201, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Rak Cho
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Park
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Park
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Hyun Kim
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dae Kim
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dong-A University Hospital, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nanolayered hybrid mediates synergistic co-delivery of ligand and ligation activator for inducing stem cell differentiation and tissue healing. Biomaterials 2017; 149:12-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
30
|
Lu C, Saint-Pierre C, Gasparutto D, Roupioz Y, Peyrin E, Buhot A. Linear Chain Formation of Split-Aptamer Dimers on Surfaces Triggered by Adenosine. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:12785-12792. [PMID: 29035542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection of small molecules impacts various fields; however, their small size and low concentration are usually the cause of limitations in their detection. Thus, the need for biosensors with appropriate probes and signal amplification strategies is required. Aptamers are appropriate probes selected specifically against small targets such as adenosine. The possibility to split aptamers in parts led to original amplification strategies based on sandwich assays. By combining the self-assembling of oligonucleotide dimers with split-aptamer dangling ends and a surface plasmon resonance imaging technique, we developed an original amplification approach based on linear chain formation in the presence of the adenosine target. In this article, on the basis of sequence engineering, we analyzed its performance and the effect of the probe grafting density on the length of the chains formed at the surface of the biosensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenze Lu
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Didier Gasparutto
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Yoann Roupioz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Peyrin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DPM , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Arnaud Buhot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INAC, SyMMES , F-38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lab-on-Chip, Surface-Enhanced Raman Analysis by Aerosol Jet Printing and Roll-to-Roll Hot Embossing. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17102401. [PMID: 29053610 PMCID: PMC5677385 DOI: 10.3390/s17102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combines the high specificity of Raman scattering with high sensitivity due to an enhancement of the electromagnetic field by metallic nanostructures. However, the tyical fabrication methods of SERS substrates suffer from low throughput and therefore high costs. Furthermore, point-of-care applications require the investigation of liquid solutions and thus the integration of the SERS substrate in a microfluidic chip. We present a roll-to-roll fabrication approach for microfluidics with integrated, highly efficient, surface-enhanced Raman scattering structures. Microfluidic channels are formed using roll-to-roll hot embossing in polystyrene foil. Aerosol jet printing of a gold nanoparticle ink is utilized to manufacture highly efficient, homogeneous, and reproducible SERS structures. The modified channels are sealed with a solvent-free, roll-to-roll, thermal bonding process. In continuous flow measurements, these chips overcome time-consuming incubation protocols and the poor reproducibility of SERS experiments often caused by inhomogeneous drying of the analyte. In the present study, we explore the influence of the printing process on the homogeneity and the enhancement of the SERS structures. The feasibility of aerosol-jet-modified microfluidic channels for highly sensitive SERS detection is demonstrated by using solutions with different concentrations of Rhodamine 6G and adenosine. The printed areas provide homogeneous enhancement factors of ~4 × 106. Our work shows a way towards the low-cost production of tailor-made, SERS-enabled, label-free, lab-on- chip systems for bioanalysis.
Collapse
|
32
|
Khayat MT, Nayeem MA. The Role of Adenosine A 2A Receptor, CYP450s, and PPARs in the Regulation of Vascular Tone. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:1720920. [PMID: 28884118 PMCID: PMC5572598 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1720920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous mediator involved in a myriad of physiologic functions, including vascular tone regulation. It is also implicated in some pathologic conditions. Four distinct receptor subtypes mediate the effects of adenosine, such as its role in the regulation of the vascular tone. Vascular tone regulation is a complex and continuous process which involves many mechanisms and mediators that are not fully disclosed. The vascular endothelium plays a pivotal role in regulating blood flow to and from all body organs. Also, the vascular endothelium is not merely a physical barrier; it is a complex tissue with numerous functions. Among adenosine receptors, A2A receptor subtype (A2AAR) stands out as the primary receptor responsible for the vasodilatory effects of adenosine. This review focuses on important effectors of the vascular endothelium, including adenosine, adenosine receptors, EETs (epoxyeicosatrienoic acids), HETEs (hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids), PPARs (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors), and KATP channels. Given the impact of vascular tone regulation in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology, better understanding of the mechanisms affecting it could have a significant potential for developing therapeutic agents for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maan T. Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Nayeem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kolahdouzan M, Hamadeh MJ. The neuroprotective effects of caffeine in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:272-290. [PMID: 28317317 PMCID: PMC6492672 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most widely used psychostimulant in Western countries, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), caffeine is beneficial in both men and women, in humans and animals. Similar effects of caffeine were observed in men with Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the effect of caffeine in female PD patients is controversial due to caffeine's competition with estrogen for the estrogen-metabolizing enzyme, CYP1A2. Studies conducted in animal models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) showed protective effects of A2A R antagonism. A study found caffeine to be associated with earlier age of onset of Huntington's disease (HD) at intakes >190 mg/d, but studies in animal models have found equivocal results. Caffeine is protective in AD and PD at dosages equivalent to 3-5 mg/kg. However, further research is needed to investigate the effects of caffeine on PD in women. As well, the effects of caffeine in ALS, HD and Machado-Joseph disease need to be further investigated. Caffeine's most salient mechanisms of action relevant to neurodegenerative diseases need to be further explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahshad Kolahdouzan
- School of Kinesiology and Health ScienceFaculty of HealthYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
| | - Mazen J. Hamadeh
- School of Kinesiology and Health ScienceFaculty of HealthYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
- Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The heart is uniquely responsible for providing its own blood supply through the coronary circulation. Regulation of coronary blood flow is quite complex and, after over 100 years of dedicated research, is understood to be dictated through multiple mechanisms that include extravascular compressive forces (tissue pressure), coronary perfusion pressure, myogenic, local metabolic, endothelial as well as neural and hormonal influences. While each of these determinants can have profound influence over myocardial perfusion, largely through effects on end-effector ion channels, these mechanisms collectively modulate coronary vascular resistance and act to ensure that the myocardial requirements for oxygen and substrates are adequately provided by the coronary circulation. The purpose of this series of Comprehensive Physiology is to highlight current knowledge regarding the physiologic regulation of coronary blood flow, with emphasis on functional anatomy and the interplay between the physical and biological determinants of myocardial oxygen delivery. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:321-382, 2017.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G Goodwill
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Gregory M Dick
- California Medical Innovations Institute, 872 Towne Center Drive, Pomona, CA
| | - Alexander M Kiel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S Martin Jischke Drive, Lafayette, IN
| | - Johnathan D Tune
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
An Analysis of Responses to Defibrotide in the Pulmonary Vascular Bed of the Cat. Am J Ther 2017; 23:e757-65. [PMID: 24368612 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000000010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Defibrotide is a polydisperse mixture of single-stranded oligonucleotides with many pharmacologic properties and multiple actions on the vascular endothelium. Responses to defibrotide and other vasodepressor agents were evaluated in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat under conditions of controlled pulmonary blood flow and constant left atrial pressure. Lobar arterial pressure was increased to a high steady level with the thromboxane A2 analog U-46619. Under increased-tone conditions, defibrotide caused dose-dependent decreases in lobar arterial pressure without altering systemic arterial and left atrial pressures. Responses to defibrotide were significantly attenuated after the administration of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor sodium meclofenamate. Responses to defibrotide were also significantly attenuated after the administration of both the adenosine 1 and 2 receptor antagonists 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine and 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine. Responses to defibrotide were not altered after the administration of the vascular selective adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel blocker U-37883A, or after the administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N-(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine. These data show that defibrotide has significant vasodepressor activity in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat. They also suggest that pulmonary vasodilator responses to defibrotide are partially dependent on both the activation of the cyclooxygenase enzyme and adenosine 1 and 2 receptor pathways and independent of the activation of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels or the synthesis of nitric oxide in the pulmonary vascular bed of the cat.
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Platelet P2Y12 receptor inhibitors are crucial in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome or undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Ticagrelor is a reversibly binding, potent oral P2Y12 inhibitor that also is a weak inhibitor of the equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 pathway for cellular adenosine uptake. It is hypothesized that ticagrelor has clinically relevant "off-target" effects, independent of its effect on platelet aggregation and thrombosis. This review considers the pleiotropic effects of ticagrelor and some of the possible mechanisms related to these effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wael Sumaya
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK.
| | - Robert F Storey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
D'Alessandro A, Nemkov T, Sun K, Liu H, Song A, Monte AA, Subudhi AW, Lovering AT, Dvorkin D, Julian CG, Kevil CG, Kolluru GK, Shiva S, Gladwin MT, Xia Y, Hansen KC, Roach RC. AltitudeOmics: Red Blood Cell Metabolic Adaptation to High Altitude Hypoxia. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:3883-3895. [PMID: 27646145 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are key players in systemic oxygen transport. RBCs respond to in vitro hypoxia through the so-called oxygen-dependent metabolic regulation, which involves the competitive binding of deoxyhemoglobin and glycolytic enzymes to the N-terminal cytosolic domain of band 3. This mechanism promotes the accumulation of 2,3-DPG, stabilizing the deoxygenated state of hemoglobin, and cytosol acidification, triggering oxygen off-loading through the Bohr effect. Despite in vitro studies, in vivo adaptations to hypoxia have not yet been completely elucidated. Within the framework of the AltitudeOmics study, erythrocytes were collected from 21 healthy volunteers at sea level, after exposure to high altitude (5260 m) for 1, 7, and 16 days, and following reascent after 7 days at 1525 m. UHPLC-MS metabolomics results were correlated to physiological and athletic performance parameters. Immediate metabolic adaptations were noted as early as a few hours from ascending to >5000 m, and maintained for 16 days at high altitude. Consistent with the mechanisms elucidated in vitro, hypoxia promoted glycolysis and deregulated the pentose phosphate pathway, as well purine catabolism, glutathione homeostasis, arginine/nitric oxide, and sulfur/H2S metabolism. Metabolic adaptations were preserved 1 week after descent, consistently with improved physical performances in comparison to the first ascendance, suggesting a mechanism of metabolic memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Travis Nemkov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Kaiqi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Anren Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Andrew A Monte
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Andrew W Subudhi
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States.,Department of Biology, University of Colorado Colorado Springs , Colorado Springs, Colorado, United States
| | - Andrew T Lovering
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon , Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Daniel Dvorkin
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Colleen G Julian
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Christopher G Kevil
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health , Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Gopi K Kolluru
- Department of Pathology, Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, LSU Health , Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Denver , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United States
| | - Robert C Roach
- Altitude Research Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado , Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Molecular structural investigation of adenosine using spectroscopic and quantum computational calculations. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.04.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
39
|
Gutterman DD, Chabowski DS, Kadlec AO, Durand MJ, Freed JK, Ait-Aissa K, Beyer AM. The Human Microcirculation: Regulation of Flow and Beyond. Circ Res 2016; 118:157-72. [PMID: 26837746 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.305364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The microcirculation is responsible for orchestrating adjustments in vascular tone to match local tissue perfusion with oxygen demand. Beyond this metabolic dilation, the microvasculature plays a critical role in modulating vascular tone by endothelial release of an unusually diverse family of compounds including nitric oxide, other reactive oxygen species, and arachidonic acid metabolites. Animal models have provided excellent insight into mechanisms of vasoregulation in health and disease. However, there are unique aspects of the human microcirculation that serve as the focus of this review. The concept is put forth that vasculoparenchymal communication is multimodal, with vascular release of nitric oxide eliciting dilation and preserving normal parenchymal function by inhibiting inflammation and proliferation. Likewise, in disease or stress, endothelial release of reactive oxygen species mediates both dilation and parenchymal inflammation leading to cellular dysfunction, thrombosis, and fibrosis. Some pathways responsible for this stress-induced shift in mediator of vasodilation are proposed. This paradigm may help explain why microvascular dysfunction is such a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events and help identify new approaches to treatment and prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David D Gutterman
- From the Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A., M.J.D.), Departments of Medicine (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., J.K.F.), Physiology (A.M.B., A.O.K.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), and Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
| | - Dawid S Chabowski
- From the Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A., M.J.D.), Departments of Medicine (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., J.K.F.), Physiology (A.M.B., A.O.K.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), and Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Andrew O Kadlec
- From the Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A., M.J.D.), Departments of Medicine (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., J.K.F.), Physiology (A.M.B., A.O.K.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), and Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Matthew J Durand
- From the Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A., M.J.D.), Departments of Medicine (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., J.K.F.), Physiology (A.M.B., A.O.K.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), and Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Julie K Freed
- From the Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A., M.J.D.), Departments of Medicine (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., J.K.F.), Physiology (A.M.B., A.O.K.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), and Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Karima Ait-Aissa
- From the Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A., M.J.D.), Departments of Medicine (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., J.K.F.), Physiology (A.M.B., A.O.K.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), and Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- From the Cardiovascular Center (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A., M.J.D.), Departments of Medicine (A.M.B., A.O.K., D.D.G., D.S.C., J.K.F., K.A.-A.), Pharmacology and Toxicology (D.S.C., J.K.F.), Physiology (A.M.B., A.O.K.), Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), and Anesthesiology (J.K.F.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kumbhani DJ, de Lemos JA. Finding an effective treatment for microvascular obstruction in STEMI: a road to perdition? Eur Heart J 2016; 37:1920-2. [PMID: 27194779 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dharam J Kumbhani
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James A de Lemos
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Simola N, Costa G, Morelli M. Activation of adenosine A₂A receptors suppresses the emission of pro-social and drug-stimulated 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats: possible relevance to reward and motivation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:507-19. [PMID: 26564233 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4130-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Rats emit 50-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) in response to pleasurable stimuli, and these USVs are considered a tool for investigating reward and motivation. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify how activity of adenosine A2A receptors, which modulate reward and motivation, influences 50-kHz USV emission in rats. METHODS Rats received one of the following treatments in a test cage: (1) acute administration of the A2A receptor agonist CGS 21680 (0.05-0.2 mg/kg, i.p.) during social interactions; (2) long-term amphetamine (1 or 2 mg/kg, i.p.) or morphine (7.5 mg/kg, s.c.) administration on alternate days, alone or with CGS 21680, followed after 7 days of discontinuation by test cage re-exposure, to assess drug-conditioning effects, and thereafter drug challenge; (3) acute administration of the D1/D2 receptor agonist apomorphine (4 mg/kg, i.p.), alone or with CGS 21680; and (4) long-term administration of the non-selective A1/A2A receptor antagonist caffeine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), on alternate days. USVs and locomotor activity were evaluated throughout the treatments. RESULTS CGS 21680 attenuated 50-kHz USV emission stimulated by social interactions, amphetamine, apomorphine, and morphine, and rats administered CGS 21680 with amphetamine or morphine emitted fewer conditioned 50-kHz USVs upon test cage re-exposure, compared with rats administered amphetamine or morphine alone. Moreover, CGS 21680 administration prevented long-term changes in locomotor activity in amphetamine- and morphine-treated rats. Finally, caffeine had no effect on 50-kHz USVs. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that activation of A2A receptors attenuates 50-kHz USV emission in rats and further elucidate how these receptors modulate the motivational properties of natural and pharmacological stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Simola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Giulia Costa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Micaela Morelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124, Cagliari, Italy.,CNR, National Research Council of Italy, Neuroscience Institute, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kizilirmak F, Gunes HM, Demir GG, Gokdeniz T, Guler E, Cakal B, Omaygenç MO, Yılmaz F, Savur U, Barutcu I. Impact of Intracoronary Adenosine on Myonecrosis in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 29:519-526. [DOI: 10.1007/s10557-015-6631-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Polimeni A, De Rosa S, Sabatino J, Sorrentino S, Indolfi C. Impact of intracoronary adenosine administration during primary PCI: A meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2015; 203:1032-41. [PMID: 26630632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.11.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the present study was to evaluate all randomized trials, comparing intracoronary adenosine versus placebo in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, the Cochrane Library and ISI Web of Knowledge electronic databases were scanned for eligible studies up to February 23rd 2015. The summary measure used was risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals. A total of 13 studies were eligible, including 1487 patients. Incidence of ST resolution was significantly higher in the IC adenosine group than in the placebo group (RR = 1.20 [1.05–1.38]; p = 0.008). At metaregression, a significant correlation was found between the magnitude of the adenosine-related effect on ST resolution and the mean ischemic time (p = 0.011) or the percentage of patients with the LAD as the infarct-related artery (p = 0.03). Furthermore, we found a larger increase in LVEF (p = 0.02) with a parallel reduction in the incidence of heart failure (HF) (RR = 0.50 [0.28–0.89]; p = 0.02) in the IC adenosine group. Finally, IC adenosine administration was associated with a significantly lower incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) both at short- (RR = 0.62 [0.39–0.98] p = 0.04) and long-term (RR = 0.61 [0.39–0.95] p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This is the first meta-analysis demonstrating a clinical benefit for IC adenosine in hard endpoints, such as adverse cardiovascular events, in patients undergoing primary PCI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Polimeni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Sabato Sorrentino
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, "Magna Graecia" University, Catanzaro, Italy; URT-CNR, Department of Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Catanzaro, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Crystal GJ, Klein LW. Fractional flow reserve: physiological basis, advantages and limitations, and potential gender differences. Curr Cardiol Rev 2015; 11:209-19. [PMID: 25329922 PMCID: PMC4558352 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x10666141020113318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is a physiological index of the severity of a stenosis in an epicardial coronary artery, based on the pressure differential across the stenosis. Clinicians are increasingly relying on this method because it is independent of baseline flow, relatively simple, and cost effective. The accurate measurement of FFR is predicated on maximal hyperemia being achieved by pharmacological dilation of the downstream resistance vessels (arterioles). When the stenosis causes FFR to be impaired by > 20%, it is considered to be significant and to justify revascularization. A diminished hyperemic response due to microvascular dysfunction can lead to a false normal FFR value, and a misguided clinical decision. The blunted vasodilation could be the result of defects in the signaling pathways modulated (activated or inhibited) by the drug. This might involve a downregulation or reduced number of vascular receptors, endothelial impairment, or an increased activity of an opposing vasoconstricting mechanism, such as the coronary sympathetic nerves or endothelin. There are data to suggest that microvascular dysfunction is more prevalent in post-menopausal women, perhaps due to reduced estrogen levels. The current review discusses the historical background and physiological basis for FFR, its advantages and limitations, and the phenomenon of microvascular dysfunction and its impact on FFR measurements. The question of whether it is warranted to apply gender-specific guidelines in interpreting FFR measurements is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George J Crystal
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 West Wellington Avenue, Chicago, IL 60657, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nam JG, Choi SH, Kang BS, Bang MS, Kwon WJ. Development of Coronary Vasospasm during Adenosine-Stress Myocardial Perfusion CT Imaging. Korean J Radiol 2015; 16:673-7. [PMID: 25995700 PMCID: PMC4436000 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2015.16.3.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine is a short-acting coronary vasodilator, and it is widely used during pharmacological stress myocardial perfusion imaging. It has a well-established safety profile, and most of its side effects are known to be mild and transient. Until now, coronary vasospasm has been rarely reported as a side effect of adenosine during or after adenosine stress test. This study reports a case of coronary vasospasm which was documented on stress myocardial perfusion CT imaging during adenosine stress test.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Gu Nam
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-714, Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Choi
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-714, Korea
| | - Byeong Seong Kang
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-714, Korea
| | - Min Seo Bang
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-714, Korea
| | - Woon Jeong Kwon
- Department of Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan 682-714, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
There are nineteen different receptor proteins for adenosine, adenine and uridine nucleotides, and nucleotide sugars, belonging to three families of G protein-coupled adenosine and P2Y receptors, and ionotropic P2X receptors. The majority are functionally expressed in blood vessels, as purinergic receptors in perivascular nerves, smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and roles in regulation of vascular contractility, immune function and growth have been identified. The endogenous ligands for purine receptors, ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and adenosine, can be released from different cell types within the vasculature, as well as from circulating blood cells, including erythrocytes and platelets. Many purine receptors can be activated by two or more of the endogenous ligands. Further complexity arises because of interconversion between ligands, notably adenosine formation from the metabolism of ATP, leading to complex integrated responses through activation of different subtypes of purine receptors. The enzymes responsible for this conversion, ectonucleotidases, are present on the surface of smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and may be coreleased with neurotransmitters from nerves. What selectivity there is for the actions of purines/pyrimidines comes from differential expression of their receptors within the vasculature. P2X1 receptors mediate the vasocontractile actions of ATP released as a neurotransmitter with noradrenaline (NA) from sympathetic perivascular nerves, and are located on the vascular smooth muscle adjacent to the nerve varicosities, the sites of neurotransmitter release. The relative contribution of ATP and NA as functional cotransmitters varies with species, type and size of blood vessel, neuronal firing pattern, the tone/pressure of the blood vessel, and in ageing and disease. ATP is also a neurotransmitter in non-adrenergic non-cholinergic perivascular nerves and mediates vasorelaxation via smooth muscle P2Y-like receptors. ATP and adenosine can act as neuromodulators, with the most robust evidence being for prejunctional inhibition of neurotransmission via A1 adenosine receptors, but also prejunctional excitation and inhibition of neurotransmission via P2X and P2Y receptors, respectively. P2Y2, P2Y4 and P2Y6 receptors expressed on the vascular smooth muscle are coupled to vasocontraction, and may have a role in pathophysiological conditions, when purines are released from damaged cells, or when there is damage to the protective barrier that is the endothelium. Adenosine is released during hypoxia to increase blood flow via vasodilator A2A and A2B receptors expressed on the endothelium and smooth muscle. ATP is released from endothelial cells during hypoxia and shear stress and can act at P2Y and P2X4 receptors expressed on the endothelium to increase local blood flow. Activation of endothelial purine receptors leads to the release of nitric oxide, hyperpolarising factors and prostacyclin, which inhibits platelet aggregation and thus ensures patent blood flow. Vascular purine receptors also regulate endothelial and smooth muscle growth, and inflammation, and thus are involved in the underlying processes of a number of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Ralevic
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom.
| | - William R Dunn
- School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhou Z, Rajamani U, Labazi H, Tilley SL, Ledent C, Teng B, Mustafa SJ. Involvement of NADPH oxidase in A2A adenosine receptor-mediated increase in coronary flow in isolated mouse hearts. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:263-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
48
|
Burnstock G, Pelleg A. Cardiac purinergic signalling in health and disease. Purinergic Signal 2015; 11:1-46. [PMID: 25527177 PMCID: PMC4336308 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-014-9436-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is a historical account about purinergic signalling in the heart, for readers to see how ideas and understanding have changed as new experimental results were published. Initially, the focus is on the nervous control of the heart by ATP as a cotransmitter in sympathetic, parasympathetic, and sensory nerves, as well as in intracardiac neurons. Control of the heart by centers in the brain and vagal cardiovascular reflexes involving purines are also discussed. The actions of adenine nucleotides and nucleosides on cardiomyocytes, atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodes, cardiac fibroblasts, and coronary blood vessels are described. Cardiac release and degradation of ATP are also described. Finally, the involvement of purinergic signalling and its therapeutic potential in cardiac pathophysiology is reviewed, including acute and chronic heart failure, ischemia, infarction, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, syncope, hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, angina, diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as heart transplantation and coronary bypass grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Burnstock
- Autonomic Neuroscience Centre, University College Medical School, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK,
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sun H, Tian Y, Zheng L, Pan Q, Xie B. Electrocardiographic profile of adenosine pharmacological stress testing. Exp Ther Med 2015; 9:1178-1184. [PMID: 25780406 PMCID: PMC4353738 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine stress testing in conjunction with radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging has become a common approach for the detection of coronary artery diseases in patients who are unable to perform adequate levels of exercise. However, specific electrocardiographic alterations during the test have been rarely described. Using a Chinese population, the aim of the present study was to provide a detailed electrocardiographic profile of adenosine stress testing. The study population included 1,168 consecutive outpatients who had undergone adenosine-induced stress myocardial perfusion imaging. Electrocardiographic data during and immediately following the adenosine infusion were collected, and the corresponding myocardial perfusion images were assessed. During adenosine infusion, 174 transient and 47 persistent arrhythmic events occurred in 110 patients (9.42%). Furthermore, frequent premature atrial contractions occurred in 65 individuals and frequent premature ventricular contractions were observed in 73 individuals. Atrioventricular block (AVB) occurred in 75 patients [first degree (I°) AVB, 16; second degree (II°) AVB, 58; third degree AVB, 1), while sinoatrial block occurred in eight patients. ST depression emerged in 69 patients. Patients with a baseline I° AVB had an increased risk of a II° AVB, and patients exhibiting baseline ST depression were more likely to have a further depressed ST segment during the stress test (odds ratio, 28.68 and 5.01, respectively; both P<0.001). Following adenosine infusion, 10 patients (0.86%) exhibited newly occurred arrhythmic events. However, no patient presented with acute myocardial infarction or sudden mortality. In conclusion, the results demonstrated that adenosine infusion was a safe method, despite the relatively high incidence of arrhythmic events. The majority of arrhythmias that occurred during infusion were transient, were reversible with the termination of infusion and did not indicate abnormal perfusion results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Yueqin Tian
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Lihui Zheng
- Department of Electrophysiology, Cardiovascular Institute and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
| | - Qingrong Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Boqia Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Du J, Fan LM, Mai A, Li JM. Crucial roles of Nox2-derived oxidative stress in deteriorating the function of insulin receptors and endothelium in dietary obesity of middle-aged mice. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1064-77. [PMID: 23957783 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Systemic oxidative stress associated with dietary calorie overload plays an important role in the deterioration of vascular function in middle-aged patients suffering from obesity and insulin resistance. However, effective therapy is still lacking. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH In this study, we used a mouse model of middle-aged obesity to investigate the therapeutic potential of pharmaceutical inhibition (apocynin, 5 mM supplied in the drinking water) or knockout of Nox2, an enzyme generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Littermates of C57BL/6J wild-type (WT) and Nox2 knockout (KO) mice (7 months old) were fed with a HFD (45% kcal fat) or normal chow diet (NCD, 12% kcal fat) for 16 weeks and used at 11 months of age. KEY RESULTS Compared to NCD WT mice, HFD WT mice developed obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Aortic vessels from these mice showed significantly increased Nox2 expression and ROS production, accompanied by significantly increased ERK1/2 activation, reduced insulin receptor expression, decreased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation and impaired endothelium-dependent vessel relaxation to acetylcholine. All these HFD-induced abnormalities (except the hyperinsulinaemia) were absent in apocynin-treated WT or Nox2 KO mice given the same HFD. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, Nox2-derived ROS played a key role in damaging insulin receptor and endothelial function in dietary obesity after middle-age. Targeting Nox2 could represent a valuable therapeutic strategy in the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Du
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|