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Elhaieg A, Farag A, Elfadadny A, Yokoi A, Hendawy H, Mandour AS, Tanaka R. Effect of experimental periodontitis on cardiac functions: a comprehensive study using echocardiography, hemodynamic analysis, and histopathological evaluation in a rat model. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1327484. [PMID: 38179330 PMCID: PMC10764594 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1327484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Periodontitis is a prevalent and severe dental condition characterized by the gradual degradation of the bone surrounding the teeth. Over the past two decades, numerous epidemiological investigations have suggested a potential link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. However, the complex mechanistic relationship between oral health issues and cardiovascular disorders remains unclear. Aim This study aimed to explore comprehensively the cardiac function through various methods, including conventional echocardiography, intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) analysis, speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), and hemodynamics analysis. Methods Ligature-induced periodontitis was established in a group of rats while the second group served as sham. The successful establishment of the periodontitis model was confirmed through staining and radiographic examination of the affected mandibles. Results X-ray films and methylene blue staining revealed alveolar bone resorption in the affected first molar in the model rats, confirming the successful induction of periodontitis. The rats with periodontitis displayed a decrease in ejection fraction compared to the sham group, accompanied by a decrease in mid-to-apical IVPG and mid IVPG. Lower values of strain rate were recorded in the apical segment of the septum, the middle segment of the septum, and the basal segment of the lateral free wall in the periodontitis group, which was associated with histopathological examination showing some degree of myocardial tissue damage. Conversely, rats with periodontitis showed an increase in heart rate, end-systolic volume, and arterial elastance when compared to the sham rats. However, they also exhibited a decrease in stroke work, stroke volume, cardiac output, and end-systolic pressure. Conclusion This study suggests that experimental periodontitis may lead to cardiac dysfunction especially compromised systolic function and myocardial relaxation, potentially indicating an increased risk of cardiovascular events in clinical periodontitis cases. The comprehensive assessment of cardiac function, hemodynamics, and histopathological evaluation underscores the profound impact of periodontitis on heart functions within this specific experimental model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Elhaieg
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Ahmed Farag
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elfadadny
- Department of Animal Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhur University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Aimi Yokoi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Hanan Hendawy
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S. Mandour
- Department of Animal Medicine (Internal Medicine), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ryou Tanaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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Colebank MJ, Taylor R, Hacker TA, Chesler NC. Biventricular Interaction During Acute Left Ventricular Ischemia in Mice: A Combined In-Vivo and In-Silico Approach. Ann Biomed Eng 2023; 51:2528-2543. [PMID: 37453977 PMCID: PMC10598180 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03293-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Computational models provide an efficient paradigm for integrating and linking multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, these models are difficult to parameterize and match to experimental data. Recent advances in both data collection and model analyses have helped overcome this limitation. Here, we combine a multiscale, biventricular interaction model with mouse data before and after left ventricular (LV) ischemia. Sensitivity analyses are used to identify the most influential parameters on pressure and volume predictions. The subset of influential model parameters are calibrated to biventricular pressure-volume loop data (n = 3) at baseline. Each mouse underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, during which changes in fractional shortening and RV pressure-volume dynamics were recorded. Using the calibrated model, we simulate acute LV ischemia and contrast outputs at baseline and in simulated ischemia. Our baseline simulations align with the LV and RV data, and our predictions during ischemia complement recorded RV data and prior studies on LV function during myocardial infarction. We show that a model with both biventricular mechanical interaction and systems-level cardiovascular dynamics can quantitatively reproduce in-vivo data and qualitatively match prior findings from animal studies on LV ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Colebank
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T A Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N C Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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3
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Córdova-Aquino J, Medellín-Castillo HI. Assessment of the elastic stiffness of human cardiac fibres after an apical infarction using finite element simulation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2023; 237:1261-1274. [PMID: 37865815 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231204184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Several research works in the literature have focused on understanding the post-infarction ventricular remodelling phenomenon, but few works have considered the evaluation of the elastic behaviour of the cardiac tissue after a myocardial infarction. This paper presents an investigation focused on predicting the elastic performance of the human heart after a left ventricular apical infarction. The aim is to understand the elastic alterations of the cardiac fibres at different periods after an apical infarct. For this purpose, a hybrid method based on pressure and volume measurements of the left ventricle (LV) at different periods of ventricular remodelling, and the Finite Element Method (FEM), is developed. In addition, several performance indexes are defined to evaluate the heart performance during the ventricular remodelling process. The results show that during the first 2 weeks after a heart infarction, the cardiac fibres must support a much higher structural overload than during normal conditions. This structural overload is proportional to the aneurysm size but diminishes with the time, together with a significant reduction of the ventricular pumping capacity.
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Pironti G. State-of-the-art methodologies used in preclinical studies to assess left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in mice, pitfalls and troubleshooting. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1228789. [PMID: 37608817 PMCID: PMC10441126 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1228789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are still the leading cause of death worldwide. The improved survival of patients with comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, obesity together with the extension of life expectancy contributes to raise the prevalence of CVD in the increasingly aged society. Therefore, a translational research platform that enables precise evaluation of cardiovascular function in healthy and disease condition and assess the efficacy of novel pharmacological treatments, could implement basic science and contribute to reduce CVD burden. Heart failure is a deadly syndrome characterized by the inability of the heart to meet the oxygen demands of the body (unless there is a compensatory increased of filling pressure) and can manifest either with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The development and progression of HFrEF is mostly attributable to impaired contractile performance (systole), while in HFpEF the main problem resides in decreased ability of left ventricle to relax and allow the blood filling (diastole). Murine preclinical models have been broadly used in research to understand pathophysiologic mechanisms of heart failure and test the efficacy of novel therapies. Several methods have been employed to characterise cardiac systolic and diastolic function including Pressure Volume (PV) loop hemodynamic analysis, echocardiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The choice of one methodology or another depends on many aspects including budget available, skills of the operator and design of the study. The aim of this review is to discuss the importance of several methodologies that are commonly used to characterise the cardiovascular phenotype of preclinical models of heart failure highlighting advantages and limitation of each procedure. Although it requires highly skilled operators for execution, PV loop analysis represents the "gold standard" methodology that enables the assessment of left ventricular performance also independently of vascular loading conditions and heart rate, which conferee a really high physiologic importance to this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Pironti
- Cardiology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Colebank MJ, Taylor R, Hacker TA, Chesler N. Biventricular interaction during acute left ventricular ischemia in mice: a combined in-vivo and in-silico approach. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.26.525736. [PMID: 36747704 PMCID: PMC9900958 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.26.525736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Computational models provide an efficient paradigm for integrating and linking multiple spatial and temporal scales. However, these models are difficult to parameterize and match to experimental data. Recent advances in both data collection and model analyses have helped overcome this limitation. Here, we combine a multiscale, biventricular interaction model with mouse data before and after left ventricular (LV) ischemia. Sensitivity analyses are used to identify the most influential parameters on pressure and volume predictions. The subset of influential model parameters are calibrated to biventricular pressure-volume loop data (n=3) at baseline. Each mouse underwent left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, during which changes in fractional shortening and RV pressure-volume dynamics were recorded. Using the calibrated model, we simulate acute LV ischemia and contrast outputs at baseline and in simulated ischemia. Our baseline simulations align with the LV and RV data, and our predictions during ischemia complement recorded RV data and prior studies on LV function during myocardial infarction. We show that a model with both biventricular mechanical interaction and systems level cardiovascular dynamics can quantitatively reproduce in-vivo data and qualitatively match prior findings from animal studies on LV ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Colebank
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - R. Taylor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - T. A. Hacker
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - N.C. Chesler
- Edwards Lifesciences Foundation Cardiovascular Innovation and Research Center, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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6
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Miranda-Silva D, Sequeira V, Lourenço AP, Falcão-Pires I. Assessing Rodent Cardiac Function in vivo Using Hemodynamic Pressure-Volume Loops. Front Physiol 2022; 12:751326. [PMID: 35811573 PMCID: PMC9260141 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.751326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) triggered by cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases is a leading cause of death worldwide and translational research is urgently needed to better understand the mechanisms of the failing heart. For this purpose, rodent models of heart disease combined with in vivo cardiac functional assessment have provided valuable insights into the physiological significance of a given genetic or pharmacological modification. In small animals, cardiac function and structure can be evaluated by methods such as echocardiography, telemetry or hemodynamics using conductance catheters. Indeed, hemodynamic analysis of pressure-volume loops (PV-loops) has become the gold standard methodology to study in vivo cardiac function in detail. This method provides simultaneous measurement of both pressure and volume signals from rodents intact beating hearts. On the one hand, PV-loop analysis has deeply expanded the knowledge on molecular cardiac physiology by allowing establishing important functional correlations. On the other hand, these measurements allow dissecting the cardiovascular functional impact of certain therapeutic interventions or specific signaling pathways using transgenic models of disease. However, a detailed assessment of cardiac function and structure in vivo still warrants proper standardization and optimization to boost the progress of HF research. With increasing concerns over data accuracy and reproducibility, guidelines and best practices for cardiac physiology measurements in experimental settings are needed. This article aims to review the best practices for carrying out cardiac hemodynamic assessment using PV-loops in vivo in rodents intact beating hearts, also providing an overview of its advantages, disadvantages and applications in cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Miranda-Silva
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vasco Sequeira
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Translational Science, DZHI, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - André P. Lourenço
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Falcão-Pires
- UnIC@RISE, Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Inês Falcão-Pires,
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7
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Lindsey ML, Brunt KR, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, Calvert JW, de Castro Brás LE, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Del Re DP, Frangogiannis NG, Frantz S, Gumina RJ, Halade GV, Jones SP, Ritchie RH, Spinale FG, Thorp EB, Ripplinger CM, Kassiri Z. Guidelines for in vivo mouse models of myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H1056-H1073. [PMID: 34623181 PMCID: PMC8834230 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00459.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite significant improvements in reperfusion strategies, acute coronary syndromes all too often culminate in a myocardial infarction (MI). The consequent MI can, in turn, lead to remodeling of the left ventricle (LV), the development of LV dysfunction, and ultimately progression to heart failure (HF). Accordingly, an improved understanding of the underlying mechanisms of MI remodeling and progression to HF is necessary. One common approach to examine MI pathology is with murine models that recapitulate components of the clinical context of acute coronary syndrome and subsequent MI. We evaluated the different approaches used to produce MI in mouse models and identified opportunities to consolidate methods, recognizing that reperfused and nonreperfused MI yield different responses. The overall goal in compiling this consensus statement is to unify best practices regarding mouse MI models to improve interpretation and allow comparative examination across studies and laboratories. These guidelines will help to establish rigor and reproducibility and provide increased potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | - John W Calvert
- Carlyle Fraser Heart Center of Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Stefan Frantz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Gumina
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
- The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Steven P Jones
- Department of Medicine, Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Rebecca H Ritchie
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), Victoria, Australia
| | - Francis G Spinale
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina School of Medicine and the Columbia Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology and Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, California
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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8
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Deuse T, Tediashvili G, Hu X, Gravina A, Tamenang A, Wang D, Connolly A, Mueller C, Mallavia B, Looney MR, Alawi M, Lanier LL, Schrepfer S. Hypoimmune induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cell therapeutics treat cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases in immunocompetent allogeneic mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2022091118. [PMID: 34244428 PMCID: PMC8285900 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022091118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of regenerative cell therapy is still limited by the few cell types that can reliably be differentiated from pluripotent stem cells and by the immune hurdle of commercially scalable allogeneic cell therapeutics. Here, we show that gene-edited, immune-evasive cell grafts can survive and successfully treat diseases in immunocompetent, fully allogeneic recipients. Transplanted endothelial cells improved perfusion and increased the likelihood of limb preservation in mice with critical limb ischemia. Endothelial cell grafts transduced to express a transgene for alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) successfully restored physiologic A1AT serum levels in mice with genetic A1AT deficiency. This cell therapy prevented both structural and functional changes of emphysematous lung disease. A mixture of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes was injected into infarcted mouse hearts, and both cell types orthotopically engrafted in the ischemic areas. Cell therapy led to an improvement in invasive hemodynamic heart failure parameters. Our study supports the development of hypoimmune, universal regenerative cell therapeutics for cost-effective treatments of major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Deuse
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Grigol Tediashvili
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK) partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Alessia Gravina
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Annika Tamenang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Heart Center Hamburg, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Andrew Connolly
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christian Mueller
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Beñat Mallavia
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Mark R Looney
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and the Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Sonja Schrepfer
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Transplant and Stem Cell Immunobiology Laboratory, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143;
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080
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9
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Martin TP, MacDonald EA, Elbassioni AAM, O'Toole D, Zaeri AAI, Nicklin SA, Gray GA, Loughrey CM. Preclinical models of myocardial infarction: from mechanism to translation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:770-791. [PMID: 34131903 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 7 million people are affected by acute myocardial infarction (MI) each year, and despite significant therapeutic and diagnostic advancements, MI remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Preclinical animal models have significantly advanced our understanding of MI and have enabled the development of therapeutic strategies to combat this debilitating disease. Notably, some drugs currently used to treat MI and heart failure (HF) in patients had initially been studied in preclinical animal models. Despite this, preclinical models are limited in their ability to fully reproduce the complexity of MI in humans. The preclinical model must be carefully selected to maximise the translational potential of experimental findings. This review describes current experimental models of MI and considers how they have been used to understand drug mechanisms of action and support translational medicine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara P Martin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eilidh A MacDonald
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Ali Mohamed Elbassioni
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,Suez Canal University, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Dylan O'Toole
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ali Abdullah I Zaeri
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gillian A Gray
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher M Loughrey
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Martonová D, Alkassar M, Seufert J, Holz D, Dương MT, Reischl B, Friedrich O, Leyendecker S. Passive mechanical properties in healthy and infarcted rat left ventricle characterised via a mixture model. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 119:104430. [PMID: 33780851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2021.104430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
During the cardiac cycle, electrical excitation is coupled with mechanical response of the myocardium. Besides the active contraction, passive mechanics plays an important role, and its behaviour differs in healthy and diseased hearts as well as among different animal species. The aim of this study is the characterisation of passive mechanical properties in healthy and infarcted rat myocardium by means of mechanical testing and subsequent parameter fitting. Elasticity assessments via uniaxial extension tests are performed on healthy and infarcted tissue samples from left ventricular rat myocardium. In order to fully characterise the orthotropic cardiac tissue, our experimental data are combined with other previously published tests in rats - shear tests on healthy myocardium and equibiaxial tests on infarcted tissue. In a first step, we calibrate the Holzapfel-Ogden strain energy function in the healthy case. Sa far, this orthotropic constitutive law for the passive myocardium has been fitted to experimental data in several species, however there is a lack of an appropriate parameter set for the rat. With our determined parameters, a finite element simulation of the end-diastolic filling is performed. In a second step, we propose a model for the infarcted tissue. It is represented as a mixture of intact myocardium and a transversely isotropic scar structure. In our mechanical experiments, the tissue after myocardial infarction shows significantly stiffer behaviour than in the healthy case, and the stiffness correlates with the amount of fibrosis. A similar relationship is observed in the computational simulation of the end-diastolic filling. We conclude that our new proposed material model can capture the behaviour of two kinds of tissues - healthy and infarcted rat myocardium, and its calibration with the fitted parameters represents the experimental data well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisa Martonová
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Dynamics, Immerwahrstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Muhannad Alkassar
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Pediatric Cardiology, Loschgestraße 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Seufert
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Pediatric Cardiology, Loschgestraße 15, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Holz
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Dynamics, Immerwahrstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Minh Tuấn Dương
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Dynamics, Immerwahrstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 DaiCoViet Road, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Barbara Reischl
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Friedrich
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Gordan-Str. 3, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sigrid Leyendecker
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Applied Dynamics, Immerwahrstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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11
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Santos-Zas I, Lemarié J, Zlatanova I, Cachanado M, Seghezzi JC, Benamer H, Goube P, Vandestienne M, Cohen R, Ezzo M, Duval V, Zhang Y, Su JB, Bizé A, Sambin L, Bonnin P, Branchereau M, Heymes C, Tanchot C, Vilar J, Delacroix C, Hulot JS, Cochain C, Bruneval P, Danchin N, Tedgui A, Mallat Z, Simon T, Ghaleh B, Silvestre JS, Ait-Oufella H. Cytotoxic CD8 + T cells promote granzyme B-dependent adverse post-ischemic cardiac remodeling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1483. [PMID: 33674611 PMCID: PMC7935973 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction is a common condition responsible for heart failure and sudden death. Here, we show that following acute myocardial infarction in mice, CD8+ T lymphocytes are recruited and activated in the ischemic heart tissue and release Granzyme B, leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis, adverse ventricular remodeling and deterioration of myocardial function. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes decreases apoptosis within the ischemic myocardium, hampers inflammatory response, limits myocardial injury and improves heart function. These effects are recapitulated in mice with Granzyme B-deficient CD8+ T cells. The protective effect of CD8 depletion on heart function is confirmed by using a model of ischemia/reperfusion in pigs. Finally, we reveal that elevated circulating levels of GRANZYME B in patients with acute myocardial infarction predict increased risk of death at 1-year follow-up. Our work unravels a deleterious role of CD8+ T lymphocytes following acute ischemia, and suggests potential therapeutic strategies targeting pathogenic CD8+ T lymphocytes in the setting of acute myocardial infarction. Immune cells contribute to adverse remodeling following myocardial infarction. Here the authors show in mice and pigs that CD8+ lymphocytes release Granzyme B in the infarcted heart leading to cardiomyocyte death, enhanced inflammation and deterioration of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marine Cachanado
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP.SU; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research Platform (URCEST-CRB-CRC-EST), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Hakim Benamer
- Service de cardiologie, Institut Cardiovasculaire Paris Sud, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Goube
- Service de cardiologie, Centre Hospitalier de Corbeil, Corbeil, France
| | | | - Raphael Cohen
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Duval
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Jin-Bo Su
- Inserm U955-IMRB, Equipe 03, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Alain Bizé
- Inserm U955-IMRB, Equipe 03, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Lucien Sambin
- Inserm U955-IMRB, Equipe 03, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Philippe Bonnin
- Inserm U965, Department of Physiology, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Lariboisière, France
| | - Maxime Branchereau
- Inserm U1048-Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Christophe Heymes
- Inserm U1048-Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - José Vilar
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Clement Cochain
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France.,Service d'anatomopathologie, Hôpital Europeen G. Pompidou, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Danchin
- Service de cardiologie, Hôpital Europeen G. Pompidou, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alain Tedgui
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ, UK
| | - Tabassome Simon
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP.SU; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research Platform (URCEST-CRB-CRC-EST), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UPMC-site St Antoine, Service de Pharmacologie, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, APHP.SU; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Research Platform (URCEST-CRB-CRC-EST), Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Bijan Ghaleh
- Inserm U955-IMRB, Equipe 03, UPEC, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | | | - Hafid Ait-Oufella
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Université, Service de médecine intensive-Réanimation, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
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12
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Wang J, Liu M, Wu Q, Li Q, Gao L, Jiang Y, Deng B, Huang W, Bi W, Chen Z, Chin YE, Paul C, Wang Y, Yang HT. Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Cardiovascular Progenitors Repair Infarcted Hearts Through Modulation of Macrophages via Activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:369-386. [PMID: 30854870 PMCID: PMC6602123 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Human embryonic stem cell derived-cardiovascular progenitor cells (hESC-CVPCs) are a promising cell source for cardiac repair, while the underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated. We recently observed cardioprotective effects of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-CVPCs in infarcted nonhuman primates, but their effects on inflammation during early phase of myocardial infarction (MI) and the contribution of such effect to the cardioprotection are unclear. Results: Injection of hESC-CVPCs into acutely infarcted myocardium significantly ameliorated the functional worsening and scar formation, concomitantly with reduced inflammatory reactions and cardiomyocyte apoptosis as well as increased vascularization. Moreover, hESC-CVPCs modulated cardiac macrophages toward a reparative phenotype in the infarcted hearts, and such modulation was further confirmed in vitro using human cardiovascular progenitor cell (hCVPC)-conditioned medium (hCVPC-CdM) and highly contained interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) was activated in hCVPC-CdM- and IL-4/IL-13-treated macrophages in vitro and in hESC-CVPC-implanted MI hearts, resulting in the polarization of macrophages toward a reparative phenotype in the post-MI hearts. However, hESC-CVPC-mediated modulation on macrophages and cardioprotection were abolished in STAT6-deficient MI mice. Innovation: This is the first report about the immunoregulatory role played by hESC-CVPCs in the macrophage polarization in the infarcted hearts, its importance for the infarct repair, and the underlying signaling pathway. The findings provide new insight into the mechanism of microenvironmental regulation of stem cell-based therapy during acute MI. Conclusions: Implantion of hESC-CVPCs during the early phase of MI promotes infarct repair via the modulation of macrophage polarization through secreted cytokine-mediated STAT6 activation. The findings suggest a therapeutic potential by modulating macrophage polarization during acute phase of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxi Wang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Meilan Liu
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wu
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Li
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ling Gao
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Jiang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Boxiong Deng
- 3 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Tumor and Stem Cell, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wei Bi
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyan Chen
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
| | - Y Eugene Chin
- 3 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Tumor and Stem Cell, SIBS, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Paul
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Yigang Wang
- 4 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- 1 CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,2 Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China
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13
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Jafari A, Pszczolkowski E, Krishnamurthy A. A framework for biomechanics simulations using four-chamber cardiac models. J Biomech 2019; 91:92-101. [PMID: 31155211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Computational cardiac models have been extensively used to study different cardiac biomechanics; specifically, finite-element analysis has been one of the tools used to study the internal stresses and strains in the cardiac wall during the cardiac cycle. Cubic-Hermite finite element meshes have been used for simulating cardiac biomechanics due to their convergence characteristics and their ability to capture smooth geometries compactly-fewer elements are needed to build the cardiac geometry-compared to linear tetrahedral meshes. Such meshes have previously been used only with simple ventricular geometries with non-physiological boundary conditions due to challenges associated with creating cubic-Hermite meshes of the complex heart geometry. However, it is critical to accurately capture the different geometric characteristics of the heart and apply physiologically equivalent boundary conditions to replicate the in vivo heart motion. In this work, we created a four-chamber cardiac model utilizing cubic-Hermite elements and simulated a full cardiac cycle by coupling the 3D finite element model with a lumped circulation model. The myocardial fiber-orientations were interpolated within the mesh using the Log-Euclidean method to overcome the singularity associated with interpolation of orthogonal matrices. Physiologically equivalent rigid body constraints were applied to the nodes along the valve plane and the accuracy of the resulting simulations were validated using open source clinical data. We then simulated a complete cardiac cycle of a healthy heart and a heart with acute myocardial infarction. We compared the pumping functionality of the heart for both cases by calculating the ventricular work. We observed a 20% reduction in acute work done by the heart immediately after myocardial infarction. The myocardial wall displacements obtained from the four-chamber model are comparable to actual patient data, without requiring complicated non-physiological boundary conditions usually required in truncated ventricular heart models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Jafari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Iowa State University, United States.
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14
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Gonzalez NC, Kuwahira I. Systemic Oxygen Transport with Rest, Exercise, and Hypoxia: A Comparison of Humans, Rats, and Mice. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:1537-1573. [PMID: 30215861 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this article is to compare and contrast the known characteristics of the systemic O2 transport of humans, rats, and mice at rest and during exercise in normoxia and hypoxia. This analysis should help understand when rodent O2 transport findings can-and cannot-be applied to human responses to similar conditions. The O2 -transport system was analyzed as composed of four linked conductances: ventilation, alveolo-capillary diffusion, circulatory convection, and tissue capillary-cell diffusion. While the mechanisms of O2 transport are similar in the three species, the quantitative differences are naturally large. There are abundant data on total O2 consumption and on ventilatory and pulmonary diffusive conductances under resting conditions in the three species; however, there is much less available information on pulmonary gas exchange, circulatory O2 convection, and tissue O2 diffusion in mice. The scarcity of data largely derives from the difficulty of obtaining blood samples in these small animals and highlights the need for additional research in this area. In spite of the large quantitative differences in absolute and mass-specific O2 flux, available evidence indicates that resting alveolar and arterial and venous blood PO2 values under normoxia are similar in the three species. Additionally, at least in rats, alveolar and arterial blood PO2 under hypoxia and exercise remain closer to the resting values than those observed in humans. This is achieved by a greater ventilatory response, coupled with a closer value of arterial to alveolar PO2 , suggesting a greater efficacy of gas exchange in the rats. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1537-1573, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto C Gonzalez
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Ichiro Kuwahira
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Eichhorn L, Weisheit CK, Gestrich C, Peukert K, Duerr GD, Ayub MA, Erdfelder F, Stöckigt F. A Closed-chest Model to Induce Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29683463 DOI: 10.3791/57397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure is frequently based on pressure overload mouse models induced by TAC. The standard procedure is to perform a partial thoracotomy to visualize the transverse aortic arch. However, the surgical trauma caused by the thoracotomy in open-chest models changes the respiratory physiology as the ribs are dissected and left unattached after chest closure. To prevent this, we established a minimally invasive, closed chest approach via lateral thoracotomy. Herein we approach the aortic arch via the 2nd intercostal space without entering the chest cavities, leaving the mouse with a less traumatic injury to recover from. We perform this operation using standard laboratory settings for open chest TAC procedures with equal survival rates. Apart from maintaining physiological breathing patterns due to the closed chest approach, the mice seem to benefit by showing rapid recovery, as the less invasive technique appears to facilitate a fast healing process and to reduce immune response after trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Eichhorn
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital Bonn;
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16
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He Z, Yang Y, Wen Z, Chen C, Xu X, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Wang DW. CYP2J2 metabolites, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, attenuate Ang II-induced cardiac fibrotic response by targeting Gα 12/13. J Lipid Res 2017; 58:1338-1353. [PMID: 28554983 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m074229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The arachidonic acid-cytochrome P450 2J2-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (AA-CYP2J2-EET) metabolic pathway has been identified to be protective in the cardiovascular system. This study explored the effects of the AA-CYP2J2-EET metabolic pathway on cardiac fibrosis from the perspective of cardiac fibroblasts and underlying mechanisms. In in vivo studies, 8-week-old male CYP2J2 transgenic mice (aMHC-CYP2J2-Tr) and littermates were infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) or saline for 2 weeks. Results showed that CYP2J2 overexpression increased EET production. Meanwhile, impairment of cardiac function and fibrotic response were attenuated by CYP2J2 overexpression. The effects of CYP2J2 were associated with reduced activation of the α subunits of G12 family G proteins (Gα12/13)/RhoA/Rho kinase (ROCK) cascade and elevation of the NO/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level in cardiac tissue. In in vitro studies, cardiac fibroblast activation, proliferation, migration, and collagen production induced by Ang II were associated with activation of the Gα12/13/RhoA/ROCK pathway, which was inhibited by exogenous 11,12-EET. Moreover, silencing of Gα12/13 or RhoA exerted similar effects as 11,12-EET. Furthermore, inhibitory effects of 11,12-EET on Gα12/13 were blocked by NO/cGMP pathway inhibitors. Our findings indicate that enhancement of the AA-CYP2J2-EET metabolic pathway by CYP2J2 overexpression attenuates Ang II-induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis by reducing the fibrotic response of cardiac fibroblasts by targeting the Gα12/13/RhoA/ROCK pathway via NO/cGMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowen He
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Posttranslational modulation of FoxO1 contributes to cardiac remodeling in post-ischemic heart failure. Atherosclerosis 2016; 249:148-56. [PMID: 27105158 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) plays a key role in energy homeostasis, stress response and autophagy and is dysregulated in diabetes and ischemia. We investigated cardiac FoxO1 expression and posttranstranslational modifications after myocardial infarction (MI) and further tested if active posttranstranslational modulation of FoxO1 can alter cardiac remodeling in postischemic heart failure. METHODS Non-diabetic and diabetic C57BL/6 mice were subjected to MI by ligation of left anterior descending artery. In selected experiments we combined this model with intramyocardial injection of adenovirus expressing different isoforms of FoxO1. We used Millar catheter, histology, Western blot and metabolomics for further analyses. RESULTS We show that after MI total cardiac FoxO1 is downregulated and partly recovers after 7 days. This downregulation is accompanied by fundamental posttranslational modifications of FoxO1, particularly acetylation. Adenovirus experiments revealed smaller infarction size and improved heart function in mice expressing a constitutively deacetylated variant of FoxO1 compared to a wild type variant of FoxO1 in both non-diabetic (MI size: -13.4 ± 3.5%; LVDP: +29.1 ± 9.4 mmHg; p < 0.05) and diabetic mice (MI size: -17.6 ± 3.7%; LVDP: +10.9 ± 3.6 mmHg; p < 0.05). Metabolomics analyses showed alterations in metabolites connected to muscle breakdown, collagen/elastin and energy metabolism between the two groups. CONCLUSION First, our results demonstrate that myocardial ischemia is associated with downregulation and posttranslational modification of cardiac FoxO1. Second, we show in a mouse model of postischemic heart failure that posttranslational modulation of FoxO1 alters heart function involving collagen and protein metabolism. Therefore, posttranslational modifications of FoxO1 could be an option to target remodeling processes in postischemic heart failure.
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18
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Rihal CS, Naidu SS, Givertz MM, Szeto WY, Burke JA, Kapur NK, Kern M, Garratt KN, Goldstein JA, Dimas V, Tu T. 2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS Clinical Expert Consensus Statement on the Use of Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Cardiovascular Care (Endorsed by the American Heart Association, the Cardiological Society of India, and Sociedad Latino Americana de Cardiologia Intervencion; Affirmation of Value by the Canadian Association of Interventional Cardiology-Association Canadienne de Cardiologie d'intervention). J Card Fail 2016; 21:499-518. [PMID: 26036425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although historically the intra-aortic balloon pump has been the only mechanical circulatory support device available to clinicians, a number of new devices have become commercially available and have entered clinical practice. These include axial flow pumps, such as Impella(®); left atrial to femoral artery bypass pumps, specifically the TandemHeart; and new devices for institution of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. These devices differ significantly in their hemodynamic effects, insertion, monitoring, and clinical applicability. This document reviews the physiologic impact on the circulation of these devices and their use in specific clinical situations. These situations include patients undergoing high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention, those presenting with cardiogenic shock, and acute decompensated heart failure. Specialized uses for right-sided support and in pediatric populations are discussed and the clinical utility of mechanical circulatory support devices is reviewed, as are the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association clinical practice guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit S Rihal
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Srihari S Naidu
- Division of Cardiology, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, New York
| | - Michael M Givertz
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Wilson Y Szeto
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James A Burke
- Division of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Heart Specialists, Allentown, Pennsylvania
| | - Navin K Kapur
- Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Morton Kern
- Division of Cardiology, UCI Medical Center, Orange, California
| | - Kirk N Garratt
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Services, Heart and Vascular Institute of New York, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York
| | - James A Goldstein
- Division of Cardiology, Beaumont Heart Center Clinic, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Vivian Dimas
- Pediatric Cardiology, UT Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Thomas Tu
- Louisville Cardiology Group, Interventional Cardiology, Louisville, Kentucky
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19
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Redgrave RE, Tual-Chalot S, Davison BJ, Greally E, Santibanez-Koref M, Schneider JE, Blamire AM, Arthur HM. Using MRI to predict future adverse cardiac remodelling in a male mouse model of myocardial infarction. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2016; 11:29-34. [PMID: 27882341 PMCID: PMC5111480 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Mice are frequently used in research to examine outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) and to investigate therapeutic interventions at an early pre-clinical stage. The MI model is generated by surgically occluding a major coronary artery, but natural variation in murine coronary anatomy can generate variable outcomes that will inevitably affect the accuracy of such investigations. The aim of this study was to use MRI to derive the most sensitive early variable that could be used to predict subsequent adverse cardiac remodelling in a male mouse model of MI. Methods Using a longitudinal study design, heart structure and function were evaluated using cardiac MRI at one week following surgical MI to generate the early measurements and again at four weeks, when the scar had matured. The primary variables measured at week one were left ventricular volumes at end systole (LV-ESV) and at end diastole (LV-EDV), infarct size, LV-cardiac mass, and ejection fraction (EF). Results Univariate and multiple regression analyses showed that LV-ESV at one week following MI could be used to accurately predict various parameters of adverse LV remodelling at four weeks post-MI. However, the highest correlation was between LV-ESV at one week following MI and LV-EDV at four weeks (r = 0.99; p < 0.0001), making LV-ESV at one week a valuable predictor variable of future adverse ventricular remodelling after MI. Conclusion Using MRI to determine LV-ESV at an early stage following MI enables a more robust analysis of potential therapeutic interventions to ameliorate adverse cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael E Redgrave
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Simon Tual-Chalot
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Benjamin J Davison
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth Greally
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Mauro Santibanez-Koref
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Jurgen E Schneider
- Radcliffe Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, BHF Experimental MR Unit, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Framlington Place, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Helen M Arthur
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle University, Newcastle NE1 3BZ, UK
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Laitano O, Ahn B, Patel N, Coblentz PD, Smuder AJ, Yoo JK, Christou DD, Adhihetty PJ, Ferreira LF. Pharmacological targeting of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species counteracts diaphragm weakness in chronic heart failure. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:733-42. [PMID: 26846552 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00822.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diaphragm muscle weakness in chronic heart failure (CHF) is caused by elevated oxidants and exacerbates breathing abnormalities, exercise intolerance, and dyspnea. However, the specific source of oxidants that cause diaphragm weakness is unknown. We examined whether mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause diaphragm weakness in CHF by testing the hypothesis that CHF animals treated with a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant have normal diaphragm function. Rats underwent CHF or sham surgery. Eight weeks after surgeries, we administered a mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant (MitoTEMPO; 1 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) or sterile saline (Vehicle). Left ventricular dysfunction (echocardiography) pre- and posttreatment and morphological abnormalities were consistent with the presence of CHF. CHF elicited a threefold (P < 0.05) increase in diaphragm mitochondrial H2O2 emission, decreased diaphragm glutathione content by 23%, and also depressed twitch and maximal tetanic force by ∼20% in Vehicle-treated animals compared with Sham (P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Diaphragm mitochondrial H2O2 emission, glutathione content, and twitch and maximal tetanic force were normal in CHF animals receiving MitoTEMPO. Neither CHF nor MitoTEMPO altered the diaphragm protein levels of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutases (CuZn-SOD or MnSOD), glutathione peroxidase, and catalase. In both Vehicle and MitoTEMPO groups, CHF elicited a ∼30% increase in cytochrome c oxidase activity, whereas there were no changes in citrate synthase activity. Our data suggest that elevated mitochondrial H2O2 emission causes diaphragm weakness in CHF. Moreover, changes in protein levels of antioxidant enzymes or mitochondrial content do not seem to mediate the increase in mitochondria H2O2 emission in CHF and protective effects of MitoTEMPO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Laitano
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bumsoo Ahn
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Nikhil Patel
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Philip D Coblentz
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ashley J Smuder
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Peter J Adhihetty
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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21
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Impaired border zone formation and adverse remodeling after reperfused myocardial infarction in cannabinoid CB2 receptor deficient mice. Life Sci 2015; 138:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Dai M, Wu L, He Z, Zhang S, Chen C, Xu X, Wang P, Gruzdev A, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids regulate macrophage polarization and prevent LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2108-19. [PMID: 25626689 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, owning tremendous phenotypic plasticity and diverse functions, were becoming the target cells in various inflammatory, metabolic and immune diseases. Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase 2J2 (CYP2J2) metabolizes arachidonic acid to form epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which possess various beneficial effects on cardiovascular system. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of EETs treatment on macrophage polarization and recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-mediated CYP2J2 expression on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction, and sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In vitro studies showed that EETs (1µmol/L) significantly inhibited LPS-induced M1 macrophage polarization and diminished the proinflammatory cytokines at transcriptional and post-transcriptional level; meanwhile it preserved M2 macrophage related molecules expression and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Furthermore, EETs down-regulated NF-κB activation and up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα/γ) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression, which play important roles in regulating M1 and M2 polarization. In addition, LPS treatment in mice induced cardiac dysfunction, heart tissue damage and infiltration of M1 macrophages, as well as the increase of inflammatory cytokines in serum and heart tissue, but rAAV-mediated CYP2J2 expression increased EETs generation in heart and significantly attenuated the LPS-induced harmful effects, which mechanisms were similar as the in vitro study. Taken together, the results indicate that CYP2J2/EETs regulates macrophage polarization by attenuating NF-κB signaling pathway via PPARα/γ and HO-1 activation and its potential use in treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Dai
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lujin Wu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zuowen He
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peihua Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Artiom Gruzdev
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS Clinical Expert Consensus Statement on the Use of Percutaneous Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices in Cardiovascular Care. J Am Coll Cardiol 2015; 65:e7-e26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Rihal CS, Naidu SS, Givertz MM, Szeto WY, Burke JA, Kapur NK, Kern M, Garratt KN, Goldstein JA, Dimas V, Tu T. 2015 SCAI/ACC/HFSA/STS clinical expert consensus statement on the use of percutaneous mechanical circulatory support devices in cardiovascular care (Endorsed by the American heart assocation, the cardiological society of India, and sociedad latino America. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 85:E175-96. [DOI: 10.1002/ccd.25720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Srihari S. Naidu
- Division of Cardiology; Winthrop University Hospital; Mineola New York
| | | | - Wilson Y. Szeto
- Department of Surgery; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - James A. Burke
- Division of Cardiology; Lehigh Valley Heart Specialists; Allentown, PA
| | | | - Morton Kern
- Division of Cardiology; UCI Medical Center; Orange CA
| | - Kirk N. Garratt
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Services, Heart and Vascular Institute of New York; Lenox Hill Hospital; New York New York
| | - James A. Goldstein
- Division of Cardiology; Beaumont Heart Center Clinic; Royal Oak Michigan
| | - Vivian Dimas
- Pediatric Cardiology; UT Southwestern; Dallas Texas
| | - Thomas Tu
- Louisville Cardiology Group; Interventional Cardiology; Louisville Kentucky
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Peña JR, Pinney JR, Ayala P, Desai TA, Goldspink PH. Localized delivery of mechano-growth factor E-domain peptide via polymeric microstructures improves cardiac function following myocardial infarction. Biomaterials 2015; 46:26-34. [PMID: 25678113 PMCID: PMC4328136 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The Insulin like growth factor-I isoform mechano-growth factor (MGF), is expressed in the heart following myocardial infarction and encodes a unique E-domain region. To examine E-domain function, we delivered a synthetic peptide corresponding to the unique E-domain region of the human MGF (IGF-1Ec) via peptide eluting polymeric microstructures to the heart. The microstructures were made of poly (ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate hydrogel and bioengineered to be the same size as an adult cardiac myocyte (100 × 15 × 15 μm) and with a stiffness of 20 kPa. Peptide eluting microrods and empty microrods were delivered via intramuscular injection following coronary artery ligation in mice. To examine the physiologic consequences, we assessed the impact of peptide delivery on cardiac function and cardiovascular hemodynamics using pressure-volume loops and gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. A significant decline in both systolic and diastolic function accompanied by pathologic hypertrophy occurred by 2 weeks which decompensated further by 10 weeks post-infarct in the untreated groups. Delivery of the E-domain peptide eluting microrods decreased mortality, ameliorated the decline in hemodynamics, and delayed decompensation. This was associated with the inhibition of pathologic hypertrophy despite increasing vascular impedance. Delivery of the empty microrods had limited effects on hemodynamics and while pathologic hypertrophy persisted there was a decrease in ventricular stiffness. Our data show that cardiac restricted administration of the MGF E-domain peptide using polymeric microstructures may be used to prevent adverse remodeling of the heart and improve function following myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Peña
- Department of Physiology & Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - James R Pinney
- UCSF Medical Scientist Training Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Perla Ayala
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Group in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Paul H Goldspink
- Department of Physiology & Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA.
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He Z, Zhang X, Chen C, Wen Z, Hoopes SL, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 prevents development of cardiac remodelling induced by angiotensin II. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 105:304-17. [PMID: 25618409 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac remodelling is one of the key pathological changes that occur with cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of CYP2J2 expression on cardiac injury. In the present study, we investigated the effects of cardiomyocyte-specific CYP2J2 expression and EET treatment on angiotensin II-induced cardiac remodelling and sought to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight-week-old mice with cardiomyocyte-specific CYP2J2 expression (αMHC-CYP2J2-Tr) and wild-type (WT) control mice were treated with Ang-II. Ang-II treatment of WT mice induced changes in heart morphology, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, as well as collagen accumulation; however, cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 attenuated these effects. The cardioprotective effects observed in α-MHC-CYP2J2-Tr mice were associated with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ activation, reduced oxidative stress, reduced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, and inhibition of TGF-β1/smad pathway. The effects seen with cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 were partially blocked by treatment with PPAR-γ antagonist GW9662. In in vitro studies, 11,12-EET(1 μmol/L) treatment attenuated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and remodelling-related protein (collagen I, TGF-β1, TIMP1) expression by inhibiting the oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB pathway via PPAR-γ activation. Furthermore, conditioned media from neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with 11,12-EET inhibited activation of cardiac fibroblasts and TGF-β1/smad pathway. CONCLUSION Cardiomyocyte-specific expression of CYP2J2 or treatment with EETs protects against cardiac remodelling by attenuating oxidative stress-mediated NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation via PPAR-γ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuowen He
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Wen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
| | - Samantha L Hoopes
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Darryl C Zeldin
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Institute of Hypertension, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095# Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan 430030, P. R. China
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Wei AE, Maslov MY, Pezone MJ, Edelman ER, Lovich MA. Use of pressure-volume conductance catheters in real-time cardiovascular experimentation. Heart Lung Circ 2014; 23:1059-69. [PMID: 24954709 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2014.04.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most applications of pressure-volume conductance catheter measurements assess cardiovascular function at a single point in time after genetic, pharmacologic, infectious, nutritional, or toxicologic manipulation. Use of these catheters as a continuous monitor, however, is fraught with complexities and limitations. METHODS Examples of the limitations and optimal use of conductance catheters as a continuous, real-time monitor of cardiovascular function are demonstrated during inotropic drug infusion in anesthetised rats. RESULTS Inotropic drug infusion may alter ventricular dimensions causing relative movement of a well-positioned catheter, generating artifacts, including an abrupt pressure rise at end-systole that leads to over estimation of indices of contractility (max dP/dt) and loss of stroke volume signal. Simple rotation of the catheter, echocardiography-guided placement to the centre of the ventricle, or ventricular expansion through crystalloid infusion may correct for these artifacts. Fluid administration, however, alters left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and volume and therefore stroke volume, thereby obscuring continuous real-time haemodynamic measurements. CONCLUSIONS Pressure-volume artifacts during inotropic infusion are caused by physical contact of the catheter with endocardium. Repeated correction of catheter position may be required to use pressure volume catheters as a continuous real-time monitor during manipulations that alter ventricular dimensions, such as inotropic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham E Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
| | - Mikhail Y Maslov
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02135, USA.
| | - Matthew J Pezone
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mark A Lovich
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Steward St. Elizabeth's Medical Center/Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02135, USA
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Ma B, Xiong X, Chen C, Li H, Xu X, Li X, Li R, Chen G, Dackor RT, Zeldin DC, Wang DW. Cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy in male streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Endocrinology 2013; 154:2843-56. [PMID: 23696562 PMCID: PMC3713213 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to biologically active cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, which have potent vasodilatory, antiinflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antidiabetes properties. Here, we showed the effects of cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP epoxygenase 2J2 (CYP2J2) on diabetic cardiomyopathy and insulin resistance in high-fat (HF) diet fed, low-dose streptozotocin-treated mice. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was induced by HF and streptozotocin in cardiac-specific CYP2J2 transgenic mice. Physiological parameters and systemic metabolic parameters were monitored using ELISA kits. Intraperitoneal injection glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp study were implied to indicate insulin resistance. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and Millar catheter system. Real-time PCR and Western blotting were used in signal pathway detection. αMHC-CYP2J2 transgenic mice showed significantly lower plasma glucose and insulin levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased cardiac glucose uptake. Furthermore, αMHC-CYP2J2 transgenic mice were significantly protected from HF-streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy. Strikingly, CYP2J2 overexpression attenuated myocardial hypertrophy induced by diabetes. We conclude that cardiac-specific overexpression of CYP2J2 significantly protects against diabetic cardiomyopathy, which may be due to improved cardiac insulin resistance, glucose uptake, and reversal of cardiac hypertrophy. Relevant mechanisms may include up-regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, activation of insulin receptor and AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathways, and inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T cells c3 signal by enhanced atrial natriuretic peptide production. These results suggest that CYP2J2 epoxygenase metabolites likely play an important role in plasma glucose homeostasis, and enhancement of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids activation may serve as an effective therapeutic strategy to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ma
- The Institute of Hypertension and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People’s Republic of China
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Blaudszun G, Licker MJ, Morel DR. Preload-adjusted left ventricular dP/dtmax: a sensitive, continuous, load-independent contractility index. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:1446-56. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2013.073833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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30
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Xenon and isoflurane reduce left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in the rat. Anesthesiology 2013; 118:1385-94. [PMID: 23364599 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31828744c0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xenon and isoflurane are known to have cardioprotective properties. We tested the hypothesis that these anesthetics positively influence myocardial remodeling 28 days after experimental perioperative myocardial infarction and compared their effects. METHODS A total of 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 60 min of coronary artery occlusion and 120 min of reperfusion. Prior to ischemia, the animals were randomized for the different narcotic regimes (0.6 vol% isoflurane, 70 vol% xenon, or intraperitoneal injection of s-ketamine). Acute injury was quantified by echocardiography and troponin I. After 4 weeks, left ventricular function was assessed by conductance catheter to quantify hemodynamic compromise. Cardiac remodeling was characterized by quantification of dilatation, hypertrophy, fibrosis, capillary density, apoptosis, and expression of fetal genes (α/β myosin heavy chains, α-skeletal actin, periostin, and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase). RESULTS Whereas xenon and isoflurane impeded the acute effects of ischemia-reperfusion on hemodynamics and myocardial injury at a comparable level, differences were found after 4 weeks. Xenon in contrast to isoflurane or ketamine anesthetized animals demonstrated a lower remodeling index (0.7 ± 0.1 vs. 0.9 ± 0.3 and 1.0 ± 0.3g/ml), better ejection fraction (62 ± 9 vs. 49 ± 7 and 35 ± 6%), and reduced expression of β-myosin heavy chain and periostin. The effects on hypertrophy, fibrosis, capillary density, and apoptosis were comparable. CONCLUSIONS Compared to isoflurane and s-ketamine, xenon limited progressive adverse cardiac remodeling and contractile dysfunction 28 days after perioperative myocardial infarction.
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The E-domain region of mechano-growth factor inhibits cellular apoptosis and preserves cardiac function during myocardial infarction. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 381:69-83. [PMID: 23712705 PMCID: PMC3720995 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) isoforms are expressed via alternative splicing. Expression of the minor isoform IGF-1Eb [also known as mechano-growth factor (MGF)] is responsive to cell stress. Since IGF-1 isoforms differ in their E-domain regions, we are interested in determining the biological function of the MGF E-domain. To do so, a synthetic peptide analog was used to gain mechanistic insight into the actions of the E-domain. Treatment of H9c2 cells indicated a rapid cellular uptake mechanism that did not involve IGF-1 receptor activation but resulted in a nuclear localization. Peptide treatment inhibited the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in H9c2 cells subjected to cell stress with sorbitol by preventing the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and inhibition of caspase-3 activation. Therefore, we administered the peptide at the time of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice. At 2 weeks post-MI cardiac function, gene expression and cell death were assayed. A significant decline in both systolic and diastolic function was evident in untreated mice based on PV loop analysis. Delivery of the E-peptide ameliorated the decline in function and resulted in significant preservation of cardiac contractility. Associated with these changes were an inhibition of pathologic hypertrophy and significantly fewer apoptotic nuclei in the viable myocardium of E-peptide-treated mice post-MI. We conclude that administration of the MGF E-domain peptide may provide a means of modulating local tissue IGF-1 autocrine/paracrine actions to preserve cardiac function, prevent cell death, and pathologic remodeling in the heart.
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Shioura K, Pena J, Goldspink P. Administration of a Synthetic Peptide Derived from the E-domain Region of Mechano-Growth Factor Delays Decompensation Following Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:1000169. [PMID: 25606570 DOI: 10.4172/2324-8602.1000169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Insulin like growth factor-I (IGF-1) isoforms differ structurally in their E-domain regions and their temporal expression profile in response to injury. We and others have reported that Mechano-growth factor (MGF), which is equivalent to human IGF-1c and rodent IGF-1Eb isoforms, is expressed acutely following myocardial infarction (MI) in the mouse heart. To examine the function of the E-domain region, we have used a stabilized synthetic peptide analog corresponding to the unique 24 amino acid region E-domain of MGF. Here we deliver the human MGF E-domain peptide to mice during the acute phase (within 12 hours) and the chronic phase (8 weeks) post-MI. We assessed the impact of peptide delivery on cardiac function and cardiovascular hemodynamics by pressure-volume (P-V) loop analysis and gene expression by quantitative RT-PCR. A significant decline in both systolic and diastolic hemodynamics accompanied by pathologic hypertrophy occurred by 10 weeks post-MI in the untreated group. Delivery of the E-domain peptide during the acute phase post-MI ameliorated the decline in hemodynamics, delayed decompensation but did not prevent pathologic hypertrophy. Delivery during the chronic phase post-MI significantly improved systolic function, predominantly due to the effects on vascular resistance and prevented decompensation. While pathologic hypertrophy persisted there was a significant decline in atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) expression in the E-domain peptide treated hearts. Taken together our data suggest that administration of the MGF E-domain peptide derived from the propeptide form of IGF-1Ec may be used to facilitate the actions of IGF-I produced by the tissue during the progression of heart failure to improve cardiovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Km Shioura
- Department of Medicine/Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jr Pena
- Department of Physiology & Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Ph Goldspink
- Department of Physiology & Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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Velten M, Duerr GD, Pessies T, Schild J, Lohner R, Mersmann J, Dewald O, Zacharowski K, Klaschik S, Hilbert T, Hoeft A, Baumgarten G, Meyer R, Boehm O, Knuefermann P. Priming with synthetic oligonucleotides attenuates pressure overload-induced inflammation and cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 96:422-32. [PMID: 22977006 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling have been linked to the development of cardiac hypertrophy following transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In the present study, we investigated whether pre-treatment with the synthetic TLR9 ligands 1668-thioate or 1612-thioate modulates the progression of TAC-induced cardiac inflammation and hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6N-mice were pre-treated with 1668-thioate, 1612-thioate (0.25 nmol/g, i.p.), or phosphate-buffered saline 16 h prior to TAC or sham surgery. Heart-weight/body-weight ratio (HW/BW), cardiomyocyte cell size, cellular macrophage accumulation, myofibroblast differentiation, and collagen deposition were investigated for up to 28 days. Cardiac function was monitored using a pressure-volume catheter and M-mode echocardiography. Inflammatory gene expression in the heart was analysed via gene array, while the time course of mRNA expression of key inflammatory mediators was assessed via RT-qPCR. TAC increased the HW/BW ratio and cardiomyocyte cell size and induced macrophage accumulation, myofibroblast differentiation, and collagen deposition. These changes were accompanied by cardiac inflammation and a significant loss of left ventricular function. Pre-treatment with cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG)-containing 1668-thioate attenuated the inflammatory response, the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, and cardiac remodelling, which resulted in a prolonged preservation of left ventricular function. These changes were induced to a smaller extent by the use of the non-CG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide 1612-thioate. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment with 1668-thioate attenuated cardiac hypertrophy following pressure overload, possibly by modifying the hypertrophy-induced inflammatory response, thereby reducing cardiac growth and fibrosis as well as delaying loss of cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Velten
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, Bonn D-53105, Germany
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Detombe SA, Xiang FL, Dunmore-Buyze J, White JA, Feng Q, Drangova M. Rapid microcomputed tomography suggests cardiac enlargement occurs during conductance catheter measurements in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:142-8. [PMID: 22518829 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00831.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conductance catheters (CC) represent an established method of determining cardiac function in mice; however, the potentially detrimental effects a catheter may have on the mouse heart have never been evaluated. The present study takes advantage of rapid three-dimensional (3D) microcomputed tomography (CT) to compare simultaneously acquired micro-CT and CC measurements of left ventricular (LV) volumes in healthy and infarcted mice and to determine changes in LV volume and function associated with CC insertion. LV volumes were measured in C57BL/6 mice (10 healthy, 10 infarcted, 2% isoflurane anesthesia) using a 1.4-Fr Millar CC. 3D micro-CT images of each mouse were acquired before CC insertion as well as during catheterization. Each CT scan produced high-resolution images throughout the entire cardiac cycle in <1 min, enabling accurate volume measurements as well as direct visualization of the CC within the LV. Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated that CC measurements underestimate volume compared with CT measurements in both healthy [bias of -18.4 and -28.9 μl for end-systolic (ESV) and end-diastolic volume (EDV), respectively] and infarcted mice (ESV = -51.6 μl and EDV = -71.7 μl); underestimation was attributed to the off-center placement of the catheter. Individual evaluation of each heart revealed LV dilation following CC insertion in 40% of mice in each group. No change in ejection fraction was observed, suggesting the enlargement was caused by volume overload associated with disruption of the papillary muscles or chords. The enlargement witnessed was not significant; however, the results suggest the potential for CC insertion to detrimentally affect mouse myocardium, necessitating further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Detombe
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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Constantinides C, Angeli S, Kossivas F, Ktorides P. Underestimation of Murine Cardiac Hemodynamics Using Invasive Catheters: Errors, Limitations, and Remedies. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13239-012-0084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chatpun S, Cabrales P. Exogenous intravascular nitric oxide enhances ventricular function after hemodilution with plasma expander. Life Sci 2012; 90:39-46. [PMID: 22056371 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the hypothesis that exogenous nitric oxide (NO) supplementation during acute hemodilution with plasma expander (PE) provides beneficial effects on cardiac function. MAIN METHODS Acute hemodilution in golden Syrian hamsters was induced by a 40% of blood volume exchange with dextran 70 kDa. Intravascular NO supplementation after hemodilution was accomplished with a NO donor, diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA NONOate). The test group was treated with DETA NONOate, while the control group received only vehicle. Left ventricular cardiac function was studied using pressure-volume measurements obtained with a miniaturized conductance catheter. KEY FINDINGS Cardiac output increased to 122±5% and 107±1% of the baseline in the group treated with NO donor and the vehicle group, respectively. Stroke work per stroke volume (SW/SV) after hemodilution reduced to 90% of the baseline and the NO donor significantly reduced SW/SV compared to the vehicle. The minimum rate of pressure change (dP/dt(min)) was significantly lower in animals treated with the NO donor compared to vehicle treated animals. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased to 62±5% of the baseline in the NO donor group whereas the vehicle group SVR decreased to 83±5% of the baseline. Using intravital microscopy analysis of microvessel in the dorsal skinfold window chamber, we established that the NO donor group induced significant vasodilation compared to the vehicle group. SIGNIFICANCE NO supplementation in an acute hemodilution with PE has beneficial effects on cardiac performance. However, the NO supplementation effects with a NO donor are dose-independent and short-lasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapong Chatpun
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0412, USA
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Avner BS, Shioura KM, Scruggs SB, Grachoff M, Geenen DL, Helseth DL, Farjah M, Goldspink PH, Solaro RJ. Myocardial infarction in mice alters sarcomeric function via post-translational protein modification. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 363:203-15. [PMID: 22160857 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial physiology in the aftermath of myocardial infarction (MI) before remodeling is an under-explored area of investigation. Here, we describe the effects of MI on the cardiac sarcomere with focus on the possible contributions of reactive oxygen species. We surgically induced MI in 6-7-month-old female CD1 mice by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Data were collected 3-4 days after MI or sham (SH) surgery. MI hearts demonstrated ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction upon echo cardiographic analysis. Sub-maximum Ca-activated tension in detergent-extracted fiber bundles from papillary muscles increased significantly in the preparations from MI hearts. Ca(2+) sensitivity increased after MI, whereas cooperativity of activation decreased. To assess myosin enzymatic integrity we measured splitting of Ca-ATP in myofibrillar preparations, which demonstrated a decline in Ca-ATPase activity of myofilament myosin. Biochemical analysis demonstrated post-translational modification of sarcomeric proteins. Phosphorylation of cardiac troponin I and myosin light chain 2 was reduced after MI in papillary samples, as measured using a phospho-specific stain. Tropomyosin was oxidized after MI, forming disulfide products detectable by diagonal non-reducing-reducing SDS-PAGE. Our analysis of myocardial protein oxidation post-MI also demonstrated increased S-glutathionylation. We functionally linked protein oxidation with sarcomere function by treating skinned fibers with the sulfhydryl reducing agent dithiothreitol, which reduced Ca(2+) sensitivity in MI, but not SH, samples. Our data indicate important structural and functional alterations to the cardiac sarcomere after MI, and the contribution of protein oxidation to this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Avner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, (M/C 901), College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott Ave., Chicago, IL 60612-7342, USA
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Paeme S, Moorhead KT, Chase JG, Lambermont B, Kolh P, D'orio V, Pierard L, Moonen M, Lancellotti P, Dauby PC, Desaive T. Mathematical multi-scale model of the cardiovascular system including mitral valve dynamics. Application to ischemic mitral insufficiency. Biomed Eng Online 2011; 10:86. [PMID: 21942971 PMCID: PMC3271239 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-10-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Valve dysfunction is a common cardiovascular pathology. Despite significant clinical research, there is little formal study of how valve dysfunction affects overall circulatory dynamics. Validated models would offer the ability to better understand these dynamics and thus optimize diagnosis, as well as surgical and other interventions. Methods A cardiovascular and circulatory system (CVS) model has already been validated in silico, and in several animal model studies. It accounts for valve dynamics using Heaviside functions to simulate a physiologically accurate "open on pressure, close on flow" law. However, it does not consider real-time valve opening dynamics and therefore does not fully capture valve dysfunction, particularly where the dysfunction involves partial closure. This research describes an updated version of this previous closed-loop CVS model that includes the progressive opening of the mitral valve, and is defined over the full cardiac cycle. Results Simulations of the cardiovascular system with healthy mitral valve are performed, and, the global hemodynamic behaviour is studied compared with previously validated results. The error between resulting pressure-volume (PV) loops of already validated CVS model and the new CVS model that includes the progressive opening of the mitral valve is assessed and remains within typical measurement error and variability. Simulations of ischemic mitral insufficiency are also performed. Pressure-Volume loops, transmitral flow evolution and mitral valve aperture area evolution follow reported measurements in shape, amplitude and trends. Conclusions The resulting cardiovascular system model including mitral valve dynamics provides a foundation for clinical validation and the study of valvular dysfunction in vivo. The overall models and results could readily be generalised to other cardiac valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Paeme
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
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Constantinides C, Angeli SI, Mean RJ. Murine cardiac catheterizations and hemodynamics: on the issue of parallel conductance. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011; 58:3260-8. [PMID: 21900070 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2011.2167147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Catheter-based measurements are extensively used nowadays in animal models to quantify global left ventricular (LV) cardiac function and hemodynamics. Conductance catheter measurements yield estimates of LV volumes. Such estimates, however, are confounded by the catheter's nonhomogeneous emission field and the contribution to the total conductance of surrounding tissue or blood conductance values (other than LV blood), a term often known as parallel conductance. In practice, in most studies, volume estimates are based on the assumptions that the catheter's electric field is homogeneous and that parallel conductance is constant, despite prior results showing that these assumptions are incorrect. This study challenges the assumption for spatial homogeneity of electric field excitation of miniature catheters and investigated the electric field distribution of miniature catheters in the murine heart, based on cardiac model-driven (geometric, lump component) simulations and noninvasive imaging, at both systolic and diastolic cardiac phases. Results confirm the nonuniform catheter emission field, confined spatially within the LV cavity and myocardium, falling to 10% of its peak value at the ring electrode surface, within 1.1-2.0 mm, given a relative tissue permittivity of 33,615. Additionally, <1% of power leaks were observed into surrounding cavities or organs at end-diastole. Temporally varying parallel conductance effects are also confirmed, becoming more prominent at end-systole.
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Shioura KM, Farjah M, Geenen DL, Solaro RJ, Goldspink PH. Myofilament calcium sensitization delays decompensated hypertrophy differently between the sexes following myocardial infarction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2010; 300:R361-8. [PMID: 21106909 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00321.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Contractile dysfunction is common to many forms of cardiovascular disease. Approaches directed at enhancing cardiac contractility at the level of the myofilaments during heart failure (HF) may provide a means to improve overall cardiovascular function. We are interested in gender-based differences in cardiac function and the effect of sarcomere activation agents that increase contractility. Thus, we studied the effect of gender and time on integrated arterial-ventricular function (A-V relationship) following myocardial infarction (MI). In addition, transgenic mice that overexpress the slow skeletal troponin I isoform were used to determine the impact of increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity following MI. Based on pressure-volume (P-V) loop measurements, we used derived parameters of cardiovascular function to reveal the effects of sex, time, and increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity among groups of post-MI mice. Analysis of the A-V relationship revealed that the initial increase was similar between the sexes, but the vascular unloading of the heart served to delay the decompensated stage in females. Conversely, the vascular response at 6 and 10 wk post-MI in males contributed to the continuous decline in cardiovascular function. Increasing the myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity appeared to provide sufficient contractile support to improve contractile function in both male and female transgenic mice. However, the improved contractile function was more beneficial in males as the concurrent vascular response contributed to a delayed decompensated stage in female transgenic mice post-MI. This study represents a quantitative approach to integrating the vascular-ventricular relationship to provide meaningful and diagnostic value following MI. Consequently, the data provide a basis for understanding how the A-V relationship is coupled between males and females and the enhanced ability of the cardiovascular system to tolerate pathophysiological stresses associated with HF in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna M Shioura
- Department of Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Hyyti OM, Ledee D, Ning XH, Ge M, Portman MA. Aging impairs myocardial fatty acid and ketone oxidation and modifies cardiac functional and metabolic responses to insulin in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H868-75. [PMID: 20601465 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00931.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging presumably initiates shifts in substrate oxidation mediated in part by changes in insulin sensitivity. Similar shifts occur with cardiac hypertrophy and may contribute to contractile dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that aging modifies substrate utilization and alters insulin sensitivity in mouse heart when provided multiple substrates. In vivo cardiac function was measured with microtipped pressure transducers in the left ventricle from control (4-6 mo) and aged (22-24 mo) mice. Cardiac function was also measured in isolated working hearts along with substrate and anaplerotic fractional contributions to the citric acid cycle (CAC) by using perfusate containing (13)C-labeled free fatty acids (FFA), acetoacetate, lactate, and unlabeled glucose. Stroke volume and cardiac output were diminished in aged mice in vivo, but pressure development was preserved. Systolic and diastolic functions were maintained in aged isolated hearts. Insulin prompted an increase in systolic function in aged hearts, resulting in an increase in cardiac efficiency. FFA and ketone flux were present but were markedly impaired in aged hearts. These changes in myocardial substrate utilization corresponded to alterations in circulating lipids, thyroid hormone, and reductions in protein expression for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)4. Insulin further suppressed FFA oxidation in the aged. Insulin stimulation of anaplerosis in control hearts was absent in the aged. The aged heart shows metabolic plasticity by accessing multiple substrates to maintain function. However, fatty acid oxidation capacity is limited. Impaired insulin-stimulated anaplerosis may contribute to elevated cardiac efficiency, but may also limit response to acute stress through depletion of CAC intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi M Hyyti
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, and Seattle Children's Hospital Research Institute, Center for Developmental Therapeutics, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Scarlett JM, Bowe DD, Zhu X, Batra AK, Grant WF, Marks DL. Genetic and pharmacologic blockade of central melanocortin signaling attenuates cardiac cachexia in rodent models of heart failure. J Endocrinol 2010; 206:121-30. [PMID: 20371568 PMCID: PMC2887273 DOI: 10.1677/joe-09-0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The central melanocortin system plays a key role in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. We investigated whether genetic or pharmacologic blockade of central melanocortin signaling attenuates cardiac cachexia in mice and rats with heart failure. Permanent ligation of the left coronary artery (myocardial infarction (MI)) or sham operation was performed in wild-type (WT) or melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) knockout mice. Eight weeks after surgery, WT-Sham mice had significant increases in lean body mass (LBM; P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.05), whereas WT-MI did not gain significant amounts of LBM or fat mass. Resting basal metabolic rate (BMR) was significantly lower in WT-Sham mice compared to WT-MI mice (P<0.001). In contrast, both MC4-Sham and MC4-MI mice gained significant amounts of LBM (P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.05) over the study period. There was no significant difference in the BMR between MC4-Sham and MC4-MI mice. In the second experiment, rats received aortic bands or sham operations, and after recovery received i.c.v. injections of either artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) or the melanocortin antagonist agouti-related protein (AGRP) for 2 weeks. Banded rats receiving AGRP gained significant amount of LBM (P<0.05) and fat mass (P<0.05) over the treatment period, whereas banded rats receiving aCSF did not gain significant amounts of LBM or fat mass. These results demonstrated that genetic and pharmacologic blockade of melanocortin signaling attenuated the metabolic manifestations of cardiac cachexia in murine and rat models of heart failure.
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MESH Headings
- Agouti-Related Protein/administration & dosage
- Animals
- Aorta
- Basal Metabolism
- Body Composition
- Cachexia/etiology
- Cachexia/prevention & control
- Chronic Disease
- Constriction
- Coronary Vessels/surgery
- Heart Diseases/complications
- Heart Failure/complications
- Heart Failure/etiology
- Injections, Intraventricular
- Ligation
- Male
- Melanocortins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Melanocortins/genetics
- Melanocortins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/deficiency
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/physiology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
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Wei CL, Shih MH. Calibration Capacity of the Conductance-to-Volume Conversion Equations for the Mouse Conductance Catheter Measurement System. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2009; 56:1627-34. [DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2009.2016215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Comparison of transplantation of adipose tissue- and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the infarcted heart. Transplantation 2009; 87:642-52. [PMID: 19295307 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0b013e31819609d9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for cardiovascular regenerative therapy. Derivation of these cells from the adipose tissue might be easier compared with bone marrow. However, the in vivo fate and function of adipose stromal cells (ASC) in the infarcted heart has never been compared directly to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (MSC). METHODS ASC and MSC were isolated from transgenic FVB mice with a beta-actin promoter driving firefly luciferase and green fluorescent protein double fusion reporter gene, and they were characterized using flow cytometry, microscopy, bioluminescence imaging and luminometry. FVB mice (n=8 per group) underwent myocardial infarction followed by intramyocardial injection of 5x10(5) ASC, MSC, fibroblasts (Fibro, positive control), or saline (negative control). Cell survival was measured using bioluminescence imaging for 6 weeks and cardiac function was monitored by echocardiography and pressure-volume analysis. Ventricular morphology was assessed using histology. RESULTS ASC and MSC were CD34(-), CD45(-), c-Kit(-), CD90(+), Sca-1(+), shared similar morphology and had a population doubling time of approximately 2 days. Cells expressed Fluc reporter genes in a number-dependent fashion as confirmed by luminometry. After cardiac transplantation, both cell types showed drastic donor cell death within 4 to 5 weeks. Furthermore, transplantation of either cell type was not capable of preserving ventricular function and dimensions, as confirmed by pressure-volume-loops and histology. CONCLUSION This is the first study comparing the in vivo behavior of both cell types in the infarcted heart. ASC and MSC do not tolerate well in the cardiac environment, resulting in acute donor cell death and a subsequent loss of cardiac function similar to control groups.
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Clark JE, Kottam A, Motterlini R, Marber MS. Measuring left ventricular function in the normal, infarcted and CORM-3-preconditioned mouse heart using complex admittance-derived pressure volume loops. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2009; 59:94-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Westermann D, Riad A, Lettau O, Roks A, Savvatis K, Becher PM, Escher F, Jan Danser A, Schultheiss HP, Tschöpe C. Renin Inhibition Improves Cardiac Function and Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction Independent of Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2008; 52:1068-75. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.116350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological renin inhibition with aliskiren is an effective antihypertensive drug treatment, but it is currently unknown whether aliskiren is able to attenuate cardiac failure independent of its blood pressure–lowering effects. We investigated the effect of aliskiren on cardiac remodeling, apoptosis, and left ventricular (LV) function after experimental myocardial infarction (MI). C57J/bl6 mice were subjected to coronary artery ligation and were treated for 10 days with vehicle or aliskiren (50 mg/kg per day via an SC osmopump), whereas sham-operated animals served as controls. This dose of aliskiren, which did not affect systemic blood pressure, improved systolic and diastolic LV function, as measured by the assessment of pressure-volume loops after MI. Furthermore, after MI LV dilatation, cardiac hypertrophy and lung weights were decreased in mice treated with aliskiren compared with placebo-treated mice after MI. This was associated with a normalization of the mitogen-activated protein kinase P38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2, AKT, and the apoptotic markers bax and bcl-2 (all measured by Western blots), as well as the number of TUNEL-positive cells in histology. LV dilatation, as well as the associated upregulation of gene expression (mRNA abundance) and activity (by zymography) of the cardiac metalloproteinase 9 in the placebo group after MI, was also attenuated in the aliskiren-treated group. Aliskiren improved LV dysfunction after MI in a dose that did not affect blood pressure. This was associated with the amelioration of cardiac remodelling, hypertrophy, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Westermann
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Riad
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Lettau
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Roks
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Moritz Becher
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Felicitas Escher
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A.H. Jan Danser
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heinz-Peter Schultheiss
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Tschöpe
- From the Department of Cardiology and Pneumology (D.W., A.R., O.L., K.S., P.M.B., F.E., H.-P.S., C.T.), Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; and the Division of Vascular Pharmacology and Metabolism (A.R., A.H.J.D.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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The rationale for cardiomyocyte resuscitation in myocardial salvage. J Mol Med (Berl) 2008; 86:1085-95. [PMID: 18563379 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-008-0362-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2008] [Revised: 04/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Clinical heart failure results from the cumulative loss of functioning myocardium from any cause. At the cellular level, cardiac myocytes die from three causes, individually or in combination: Necrosis occurs when external conditions are not sufficient to sustain minimal cellular functions, as with ischemia, and there is a general and unorganized breakdown of cell organelles, engendering an inflammatory response that may have harmful collateral tissue effects. Apoptosis, or cell suicide, occurs when specific external or internal conditions provoke a highly structured sequence of events to shut down cellular functions and remove the cell, with minimal consequences to surrounding tissue. Autophagy is a normal response to cell starvation that is induced under conditions of chronic metabolic or other stress. Current therapeutics, such as early myocardial revascularization after myocardial infarction, are focused exclusively upon minimizing cardiac myocyte necrosis and may even contribute to secondary apoptosis and autophagy. This review explores possible approaches to bring cardiac myocytes that are destined to die, back to life, i.e., cellular resuscitation. Two pro-apoptotic proteins in particular, Bnip3 and Nix, are transcriptionally upregulated specifically in response to myocardial ischemia and pathological hypertrophy and have been examined as therapeutic targets. In Bnip3 and Nix genetic mouse models, prevention of cardiac myocyte apoptosis in ischemic and hemodynamically overloaded hearts salvaged myocardium, minimized late ventricular remodeling, and enhanced ventricular performance. Cardiomyocyte resuscitation by preventing programmed cell death shows promise as an additive approach to minimizing necrosis for long-term prevention of heart failure.
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Shioura KM, Geenen DL, Goldspink PH. Sex-related changes in cardiac function following myocardial infarction in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 295:R528-34. [PMID: 18550865 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.90342.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent awareness of cardiovascular diseases as a number one killer of the middle-aged women has prompted interest in sex differences leading to heart failure (HF). Therefore, we evaluated cardiac function in female and male mice following myocardial infarction (MI) using the Millar pressure-volume (P-V) conductance system in vivo, at time points corresponding to early (2 wk), late compensatory hypertrophy (4 wk), and decompensation (10 wk) to HF. A significant deterioration of the load dependent and independent hemodynamic measurements occurred in both female and male mice during the early phase of hypertrophy. Later, compensatory hypertrophy was marked by a normalization of volumes to control levels in females compared with males. The most notable differences between sexes occurred in the measurements of cardiac contractility during the decompensation to HF. In females, there was a significant improvement in contractility compared with males, which was apparent in the load-independent measurements of preload recruitable stroke work (10 wk post-MI, female=48.7+/-8.0 vs. male=25.2+/-1.8 mmHg, P<0.05) and maximum dP/dt vs. maximum end-diastolic volume (10 wk post-MI, female=359+/-58 vs. male=149+/-28 mmHg.s(-1).microl(-1), P<0.05). Despite these differences, there were no differences in the heart weight to body weight ratio and infarct size between the sexes. These data demonstrate that compensatory hypertrophy is associated with an improvement in contractility and a delayed decompensation to HF in females. However, compensatory hypertrophy in males appears to be undermined by a steady decline in contractility associated with decompensation to HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna M Shioura
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Department of Medicine/Section of Cardiology, 840 S. Wood St., M/C 715 Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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