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Habecker BA, Bers DM, Birren SJ, Chang R, Herring N, Kay MW, Li D, Mendelowitz D, Mongillo M, Montgomery JM, Ripplinger CM, Tampakakis E, Winbo A, Zaglia T, Zeltner N, Paterson DJ. Molecular and cellular neurocardiology in heart disease. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38778747 DOI: 10.1113/jp284739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper updates and builds on a previous White Paper in this journal that some of us contributed to concerning the molecular and cellular basis of cardiac neurobiology of heart disease. Here we focus on recent findings that underpin cardiac autonomic development, novel intracellular pathways and neuroplasticity. Throughout we highlight unanswered questions and areas of controversy. Whilst some neurochemical pathways are already demonstrating prognostic viability in patients with heart failure, we also discuss the opportunity to better understand sympathetic impairment by using patient specific stem cells that provides pathophysiological contextualization to study 'disease in a dish'. Novel imaging techniques and spatial transcriptomics are also facilitating a road map for target discovery of molecular pathways that may form a therapeutic opportunity to treat cardiac dysautonomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Department of Medicine Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Birren
- Department of Biology, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neil Herring
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology and Manaaki Manawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Annika Winbo
- Department of Physiology and Manaaki Manawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bauer J, Vlcek J, Pauly V, Hesse N, Xia R, Mo L, Chivukula AS, Villgrater H, Dressler M, Hildebrand B, Wolf E, Rizas KD, Bauer A, Kääb S, Tomsits P, Schüttler D, Clauss S. Biomarker Periodic Repolarization Dynamics Indicates Enhanced Risk for Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in Myocardial Infarction in Pigs. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032405. [PMID: 38639363 PMCID: PMC11179938 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodic repolarization dynamics (PRD) is an electrocardiographic biomarker that captures repolarization instability in the low frequency spectrum and is believed to estimate the sympathetic effect on the ventricular myocardium. High PRD indicates an increased risk for postischemic sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, a direct link between PRD and proarrhythmogenic autonomic remodeling has not yet been shown. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigated autonomic remodeling in pigs with myocardial infarction (MI)-related ischemic heart failure induced by balloon occlusion of the left anterior descending artery (n=17) compared with pigs without MI (n=11). Thirty days after MI, pigs demonstrated enhanced sympathetic innervation in the infarct area, border zone, and remote left ventricle paralleled by altered expression of autonomic marker genes/proteins. PRD was enhanced 30 days after MI compared with baseline (pre-MI versus post-MI: 1.75±0.30 deg2 versus 3.29±0.79 deg2, P<0.05) reflecting pronounced autonomic alterations on the level of the ventricular myocardium. Pigs with MI-related ventricular fibrillation and SCD had significantly higher pre-MI PRD than pigs without tachyarrhythmias, suggesting a potential role for PRD as a predictive biomarker for ischemia-related arrhythmias (no ventricular fibrillation versus ventricular fibrillation: 1.50±0.39 deg2 versus 3.18±0.53 deg2 [P<0.05]; no SCD versus SCD: 1.67±0.32 deg2 versus 3.91±0.63 deg2 [P<0.01]). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that ischemic heart failure leads to significant proarrhythmogenic autonomic remodeling. The concomitant elevation of PRD levels in pigs with ischemic heart failure and pigs with MI-related ventricular fibrillation/SCD suggests PRD as a biomarker for autonomic remodeling and as a potential predictive biomarker for ventricular arrhythmias/survival in the context of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bauer
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Julia Vlcek
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Valerie Pauly
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Nora Hesse
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Ruibing Xia
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Li Mo
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Aparna Sharma Chivukula
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Hannes Villgrater
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marie Dressler
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Bianca Hildebrand
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Konstantinos D. Rizas
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
| | - Axel Bauer
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- University Hospital for Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Philipp Tomsits
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Department of Medicine IUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter‐Brendel‐Centre of Experimental MedicineUniversity Hospital, LMU MunichMunichGermany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU MunichMunichGermany
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Barrett MS, Bauer TC, Li MH, Hegarty DM, Mota CMD, Amaefuna CJ, Ingram SL, Habecker BA, Aicher SA. Ischemia-reperfusion myocardial infarction induces remodeling of left cardiac-projecting stellate ganglia neurons. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H166-H179. [PMID: 37947434 PMCID: PMC11213476 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00582.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Neurons in the stellate ganglion (SG) provide sympathetic innervation to the heart, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and other organs. Sympathetic innervation to the heart becomes hyperactive following myocardial infarction (MI). The impact of MI on the morphology of cardiac sympathetic neurons is not known, but we hypothesized that MI would stimulate increased cell and dendritic tree size in cardiac neurons. In this study, we examined the effects of ischemia-reperfusion MI on sympathetic neurons using dual retrograde tracing methods to allow detailed characterization of cardiac- and BAT-projecting neurons. Different fluorescently conjugated cholera toxin subunit B (CTb) tracers were injected into the pericardium and the interscapular BAT pads, respectively. Experimental animals received a 45-min occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery and controls received sham surgery. One week later, hearts were collected for assessment of MI infarct and SGs were collected for morphological or electrophysiological analysis. Cardiac-projecting SG neurons from MI mice had smaller cell bodies and shorter dendritic trees compared with sham animals, specifically on the left side ipsilateral to the MI. BAT-projecting neurons were not altered by MI, demonstrating the subpopulation specificity of the response. The normal size and distribution differences between BAT- and cardiac-projecting stellate ganglion neurons were not altered by MI. Patch-clamp recordings from cardiac-projecting left SG neurons revealed increased spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents despite the decrease in cell and dendritic tree size. Thus, increased dendritic tree size does not contribute to the enhanced sympathetic neural activity seen after MI.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myocardial infarction (MI) causes structural and functional changes specifically in stellate ganglion neurons that project to the heart, but not in cells that project to brown adipose fat tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S Barrett
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Temerity C Bauer
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Deborah M Hegarty
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Clarissa M D Mota
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Chimezie J Amaefuna
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Susan L Ingram
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Sue A Aicher
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
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4
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Chen HS, van Roon L, Schoones J, Zeppenfeld K, DeRuiter MC, Jongbloed MRM. Cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation after myocardial infarction: a systematic review and qualitative analysis. Ann Med 2023; 55:2283195. [PMID: 38065671 PMCID: PMC10836288 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2023.2283195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation after myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with arrhythmogenesis and sudden cardiac death. The characteristics of cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation remain underexposed. OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic review on cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation after MI, taking into account: (1) definition, experimental model and quantification method and (2) location, amount and timing, in order to obtain an overview of current knowledge and to expose gaps in literature. METHODS References on cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation were screened for inclusion. The included studies received a full-text review and quality appraisal. Relevant data on hyperinnervation were collected and qualitatively analysed. RESULTS Our literature search identified 60 eligible studies performed between 2000 and 2022. Cardiac hyperinnervation is generally defined as an increased sympathetic nerve density or increased number of nerves compared to another control group (100%). Studies were performed in a multitude of experimental models, but most commonly in male rats with permanent left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation (male: 63%, rat: 68%, permanent ligation: 93%, LAD: 97%). Hyperinnervation seems to occur mainly in the borderzone. Quantification after MI was performed in regions of interest in µm2/mm2 (41%) or in percentage of nerve fibres (46%) and the reported amount showed a great variation ranging from 439 to 126,718 µm2/mm2. Hyperinnervation seems to start from three days onwards to >3 months without an evident peak, although studies on structural evaluation over time and in the chronic phase were scarce. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation after MI occurs mainly in the borderzone from three days onwards and remains present at later timepoints, for at least 3 months. It is most commonly studied in male rats with permanent LAD ligation. The amount of hyperinnervation differs greatly between studies, possibly due to differential quantification methods. Further studies are required that evaluate cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation over time and in the chronic phase, in transmural sections, in the female sex, and in MI with reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Sophia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lieke van Roon
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Schoones
- Dictorate of Research Policy, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco C. DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Monique R. M. Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Center of Congenital Heart Disease Amsterdam Leiden (CAHAL), Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Salamon RJ, Halbe P, Kasberg W, Bae J, Audhya A, Mahmoud AI. Parasympathetic and sympathetic axons are bundled in the cardiac ventricles and undergo physiological reinnervation during heart regeneration. iScience 2023; 26:107709. [PMID: 37674983 PMCID: PMC10477065 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic innervation influences homeostasis, repair, and pathology in the cardiac ventricles; in contrast, parasympathetic innervation is considered to have minimal contribution and influence in the ventricles. Here, we use genetic models, whole-mount imaging, and three-dimensional modeling to define cardiac nerve architecture during development, disease, and regeneration. Our approach reveals that parasympathetic nerves extensively innervate the cardiac ventricles. Furthermore, we identify that parasympathetic and sympathetic axons develop synchronously and are bundled throughout the ventricles. We further investigate cardiac nerve remodeling in the regenerative neonatal and the non-regenerative postnatal mouse heart. Our results show that the regenerating myocardium undergoes a unique process of physiological reinnervation, where proper nerve distribution and architecture is reestablished, in stark contrast to the non-regenerating heart. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that physiological reinnervation during regeneration is dependent on collateral artery formation. Our results reveal clinically significant insights into cardiac nerve plasticity which can identify new therapies for cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J. Salamon
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Poorva Halbe
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William Kasberg
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jiyoung Bae
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Anjon Audhya
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Ahmed I. Mahmoud
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Chen HS, Voortman LM, van Munsteren JC, Wisse LJ, Tofig BJ, Kristiansen SB, Glashan CA, DeRuiter MC, Zeppenfeld K, Jongbloed MRM. Quantification of Large Transmural Biopsies Reveals Heterogeneity in Innervation Patterns in Chronic Myocardial Infarction. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2023; 9:1652-1664. [PMID: 37480856 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2023.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal cardiac innervation plays an important role in arrhythmogenicity after myocardial infarction (MI). Data regarding reperfusion models and innervation abnormalities in the medium to long term after MI are sparse. Histologic quantification of the small-sized cardiac nerves is challenging, and transmural analysis has not been performed. OBJECTIVES This study sought to assess cardiac innervation patterns in transmural biopsy sections in a porcine reperfusion model of MI (MI-R) using a novel method for nerve quantification. METHODS Transmural biopsy sections from 4 swine (n = 83) at 3 months after MI-R and 3 controls (n = 38) were stained with picrosirius red (fibrosis) and beta-III-tubulin (autonomic nerves). Biopsy sections were classified as infarct core, border zone, or remote zone. Each biopsy section was analyzed with a custom software pipeline, allowing calculation of nerve density and classification into innervation types at the 1 × 1-mm resolution level. Relocation of the classified squares to the original biopsy position enabled transmural quantification and innervation heterogeneity assessment. RESULTS Coexisting hyperinnervation, hypoinnervation, and denervation were present in all transmural MI-R biopsy sections. The innervation heterogeneity was greatest in the infarct core (median: 0.14; IQR: 0.12-0.15), followed by the border zone (median: 0.05; IQR: 0.04-0.07; P = 0.02) and remote zone (median: 0.02; IQR: 0.02-0.03; P < 0.0001). Only in the border zone was a positive linear relation between fibrosis and innervation heterogeneity observed (R = 0.79; P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This novel method allows quantification of nerve density and heterogeneity in large transmural biopsy sections. In the chronic phase after MI-R, alternating innervation patterns were identified within the same biopsy section. Persistent innervation heterogeneity, in particular in the border zone biopsy sections, may contribute to late arrhythmogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sophia Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lenard M Voortman
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - J Conny van Munsteren
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lambertus J Wisse
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bawer J Tofig
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen B Kristiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Claire A Glashan
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marco C DeRuiter
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Katja Zeppenfeld
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Monique R M Jongbloed
- Department of Cardiology, Willem Einthoven Center for Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Management, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Salamon RJ, Halbe P, Kasberg W, Bae J, Audhya A, Mahmoud AI. Defining Cardiac Nerve Architecture During Development, Disease, and Regeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2022.12.31.522405. [PMID: 36711742 PMCID: PMC9881855 DOI: 10.1101/2022.12.31.522405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac nerves regulate neonatal mouse heart regeneration and are susceptible to pathological remodeling following adult injury. Understanding cardiac nerve remodeling can lead to new strategies to promote cardiac repair. Our current understanding of cardiac nerve architecture has been limited to two-dimensional analysis. Here, we use genetic models, whole-mount imaging, and three-dimensional modeling tools to define cardiac nerve architecture and neurovascular association during development, disease, and regeneration. Our results demonstrate that cardiac nerves sequentially associate with coronary veins and arteries during development. Remarkably, our results reveal that parasympathetic nerves densely innervate the ventricles. Furthermore, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves develop synchronously and are intertwined throughout the ventricles. Importantly, the regenerating myocardium reestablishes physiological innervation, in stark contrast to the non-regenerating heart. Mechanistically, reinnervation during regeneration is dependent on collateral artery formation. Our results reveal how defining cardiac nerve remodeling during homeostasis, disease, and regeneration can identify new therapies for cardiac disease.
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Li YL. Stellate Ganglia and Cardiac Sympathetic Overactivation in Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113311. [PMID: 36362099 PMCID: PMC9653702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major public health problem worldwide, especially coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction)-induced HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), which accounts for over 50% of all HF cases. An estimated 6 million American adults have HF. As a major feature of HF, cardiac sympathetic overactivation triggers arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, which accounts for nearly 50–60% of mortality in HF patients. Regulation of cardiac sympathetic activation is highly integrated by the regulatory circuitry at multiple levels, including afferent, central, and efferent components of the sympathetic nervous system. Much evidence, from other investigators and us, has confirmed the afferent and central neural mechanisms causing sympathoexcitation in HF. The stellate ganglion is a peripheral sympathetic ganglion formed by the fusion of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic sympathetic ganglion. As the efferent component of the sympathetic nervous system, cardiac postganglionic sympathetic neurons located in stellate ganglia provide local neural coordination independent of higher brain centers. Structural and functional impairments of cardiac postganglionic sympathetic neurons can be involved in cardiac sympathetic overactivation in HF because normally, many effects of the cardiac sympathetic nervous system on cardiac function are mediated via neurotransmitters (e.g., norepinephrine) released from cardiac postganglionic sympathetic neurons innervating the heart. This review provides an overview of cardiac sympathetic remodeling in stellate ganglia and potential mechanisms and the role of cardiac sympathetic remodeling in cardiac sympathetic overactivation and arrhythmias in HF. Targeting cardiac sympathetic remodeling in stellate ganglia could be a therapeutic strategy against malignant cardiac arrhythmias in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Long Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA; ; Tel.: +1-402-559-3016; Fax: +1-402-559-9659
- Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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9
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Ye Y, Duan B, Zhou Z, Han L, Huang F, Li J, Wang Q, Zeng X, Yu X. Integrated metabolomics and network pharmacology to reveal the mechanisms of Guizhi-Fuling treatment for myocardial ischemia. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200386. [PMID: 36073658 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia is a cardio-physiological condition caused by a decrease in blood perfusion to the heart, resulting in reduced oxygen supply and abnormal myocardial energy metabolism. Guizhi-Fuling (GZFL) is effective in treating Myocardial ischemia. However, its mechanism of action remains unclear and requires further exploration. we hope to reveal the mechanisms of GZFL treating Myocardial ischemia by integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology. In this study, myocardial metabolomic analysis was first performed using GC-MS to discover the potential mechanism of action of GZFL on myocardial ischemia. Then, network pharmacology was used to analyze key pathways and construct a pathway-core target network. Molecular docking was used to validate core targets in network pharmacological signaling pathways. Finally, western blots were used to verify core targets of metabolomics and network pharmacology integrated pathways as well as key targets in signaling pathways. As a result, we identified 22 important biomarkers of GZFL for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Most of these metabolites were restored by modulation after GZFL treatment. Based on the network pharmacology, 297 targets of GZFL in the treatment of myocardial ischemia were obtained. The further comprehensive analysis focused on 3 key targets, including Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PIK3CA), and their associated metabolites and pathways. Compared with the model group, the protein expression levels of TH, MPO and PIK3CA were decreased in GZFL. Therefore, the mechanism of GZFL for treating myocardial ischemia may be to inhibit myocardial inflammatory factors, reduce myocardial inflammation, and restore endothelial function, while regulating norepinephrine release and uric acid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ye
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, college of pharmacy, , 430065, Wuhan, CHINA
| | - Bailu Duan
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingling Street, Wuhan, 430065, wuhan, CHINA
| | - Zhenxiang Zhou
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingling Street, Wuhan, 430065, Wuhan, CHINA
| | - Lintao Han
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Qingling Street, Wuhan, wuhan, CHINA
| | - Fang Huang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingling Street, Wuhan, wuhan, CHINA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingling Street, Wuhan, wuhan, CHINA
| | - Qiong Wang
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingling Street, Wuhan, wuhan, CHINA
| | - Xiangfa Zeng
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Qingling Street, Wuhan, wuhan, CHINA
| | - Xiaoming Yu
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, College of Basic Medicine, Qingling Street, Wuhan, wuhan, CHINA
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10
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Hoang JD, Yamakawa K, Rajendran PS, Chan CA, Yagishita D, Nakamura K, Lux RL, Vaseghi M. Proarrhythmic Effects of Sympathetic Activation Are Mitigated by Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Infarcted Hearts. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:513-525. [PMID: 35450607 PMCID: PMC9034056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to evaluate whether intermittent VNS reduces electrical heterogeneities and arrhythmia inducibility during sympathoexcitation. BACKGROUND Sympathoexcitation increases the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT). Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has been antiarrhythmic in the setting of ischemia-driven arrhythmias, but it is unclear if it can overcome the electrophysiological effects of sympathoexcitation in the setting of chronic myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS In Yorkshire pigs after chronic MI, a sternotomy was performed, a 56-electrode sock was placed over the ventricles (n = 17), and a basket catheter was positioned in the left ventricle (n = 6). Continuous unipolar electrograms from sock and basket arrays were obtained to analyze activation recovery interval (ARI), a surrogate of action potential duration. Bipolar voltage mapping was performed to define scar, border zone, or viable myocardium. Hemodynamic and electrical parameters and VT inducibility were evaluated during sympathoexcitation with bilateral stellate ganglia stimulation (BSS) and during combined BSS with intermittent VNS. RESULTS During BSS, global epicardial ARIs shortened from 384 ± 59 milliseconds to 297 ± 63 milliseconds and endocardial ARIs from 359 ± 36 milliseconds to 318 ± 40 milliseconds. Dispersion in ARIs increased in all regions, with the greatest increase observed in scar and border zone regions. VNS mitigated the effects of BSS on border zone ARIs (from -18.3% ± 6.3% to -2.1% ± 14.7%) and ARI dispersion (from 104 ms2 [1 to 1,108 ms2] to -108 ms2 [IQR: -588 to 30 ms2]). VNS reduced VT inducibility during sympathoexcitation (from 75%-40%; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS After chronic MI, VNS overcomes the detrimental effects of sympathoexcitation by reducing electrophysiological heterogeneities exacerbated by sympathetic stimulation, decreasing VT inducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D Hoang
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Neurocardiology Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kentaro Yamakawa
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pradeep S Rajendran
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Neurocardiology Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christopher A Chan
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Neurocardiology Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daigo Yagishita
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Keijiro Nakamura
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert L Lux
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Marmar Vaseghi
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; UCLA Neurocardiology Program of Excellence, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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11
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Li L, Gao J, Gao L, Li L, Zhang H, Zhao W, Xu S. Bilateral Superior Cervical Sympathectomy Activates Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signal to Alleviate Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:807298. [PMID: 35433880 PMCID: PMC9010611 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.807298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence about the effect of bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Studies have increasingly found that the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a protective role in myocardial I/R injury. However, the precise mechanism is unknown. The present study explored the bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy’s effect and potential mechanism in mice myocardial I/R injury. Methods The left heart I/R injury model was created by ligating the anterior descending branch of the coronary artery for 30 min followed by reperfusion. Bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy was performed before myocardial I/R injury. To evaluate the effect of bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy on the myocardium, we examined the myocardial infarct size and cardiac function. Then, myocardial apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress were detected on the myocardium. Furthermore, the expression of STAT3 signal in myocardial tissue was measured by western blotting. To further examine the cardioprotective effect of STAT3 after bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy, the STAT3 inhibitor (static) was utilized to inhibit the phosphorylation of STAT3. Results The results showed that the myocardial I/R injury decreased and the cardiac function recovered in the myocardial I/R injury after cervical sympathectomy. Meanwhile, cervical sympathectomy reduced the myocardial distribution of the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and systemic sympathetic tone. And levels of oxidative stress, inflammatory markers, and apoptosis were reduced in myocardial tissue. We also found that the STAT3 signal was activated in myocardial tissue after cervical sympathectomy. STAT3 inhibitor can partially reverse the myocardial protective effect of cervical sympathectomy. Conclusion Bilateral superior cervical sympathectomy significantly alleviated myocardial I/R injury in mice. And activation of the STAT3 signal may play an essential role in this.
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12
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Zhu C, Rajendran PS, Hanna P, Efimov IR, Salama G, Fowlkes CC, Shivkumar K. High-resolution structure-function mapping of intact hearts reveals altered sympathetic control of infarct border zones. JCI Insight 2022; 7:153913. [PMID: 35132963 PMCID: PMC8855798 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.153913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Remodeling of injured sympathetic nerves on the heart after myocardial infarction (MI) contributes to adverse outcomes such as sudden arrhythmic death, yet the underlying structural mechanisms are poorly understood. We sought to examine microstructural changes on the heart after MI and to directly link these changes with electrical dysfunction. We developed a high-resolution pipeline for anatomically precise alignment of electrical maps with structural myofiber and nerve-fiber maps created by customized computer vision algorithms. Using this integrative approach in a mouse model, we identified distinct structure-function correlates to objectively delineate the infarct border zone, a known source of arrhythmias after MI. During tyramine-induced sympathetic nerve activation, we demonstrated regional patterns of altered electrical conduction aligned directly with altered neuroeffector junction distribution, pointing to potential neural substrates for cardiac arrhythmia. This study establishes a synergistic framework for examining structure-function relationships after MI with microscopic precision that has potential to advance understanding of arrhythmogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Zhu
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Pradeep S Rajendran
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Peter Hanna
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Guy Salama
- Department of Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Charless C Fowlkes
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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13
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van Weperen VYH, Vos MA, Ajijola OA. Autonomic modulation of ventricular electrical activity: recent developments and clinical implications. Clin Auton Res 2021; 31:659-676. [PMID: 34591191 PMCID: PMC8629778 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-021-00823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review aimed to provide a complete overview of the current stance and recent developments in antiarrhythmic neuromodulatory interventions, focusing on lifethreatening vetricular arrhythmias. METHODS Both preclinical studies and clinical studies were assessed to highlight the gaps in knowledge that remain to be answered and the necessary steps required to properly translate these strategies to the clinical setting. RESULTS Cardiac autonomic imbalance, characterized by chronic sympathoexcitation and parasympathetic withdrawal, destabilizes cardiac electrophysiology and promotes ventricular arrhythmogenesis. Therefore, neuromodulatory interventions that target the sympatho-vagal imbalance have emerged as promising antiarrhythmic strategies. These strategies are aimed at different parts of the cardiac neuraxis and directly or indirectly restore cardiac autonomic tone. These interventions include pharmacological blockade of sympathetic neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, cardiac sympathetic denervation, thoracic epidural anesthesia, and spinal cord and vagal nerve stimulation. CONCLUSION Neuromodulatory strategies have repeatedly been demonstrated to be highly effective and very promising anti-arrhythmic therapies. Nevertheless, there is still much room to gain in our understanding of neurocardiac physiology, refining the current neuromodulatory strategic options and elucidating the chronic effects of many of these strategic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Y H van Weperen
- Department of Medical Physiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olujimi A Ajijola
- UCLA Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Center, UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, 100 Medical Plaza, Suite 660, Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1679, USA.
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14
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Effects of Yiqi Huoxue Decoction on Post-Myocardial Infarction Cardiac Nerve Remodeling and Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5168574. [PMID: 34471416 PMCID: PMC8405294 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5168574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction can lead to ventricular remodeling and arrhythmia, which is closely related to nerve remodeling. Our previous study found that Yiqi Huoxue decoction (YQHX) can improve ventricular remodeling and reduce myocardial damage. Therefore, in this study, we observed the effect of YQHX on cardiac neural remodeling and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and its possible mechanism. This research is composed of two parts: animal and H9c2 cells experiments. The animal model of acute myocardial infarction was established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. H9c2 cells were placed in 94% N2, 5% CO2, and 1% O2 hypoxic environment for 12 hours to replicate the hypoglycemic hypoxia model. The experimental results showed that, compared with the MI group, YQHX can significantly improve heart function after myocardial infarction and reduce nerve remodeling and myocardial hypertrophy. Pathological structure observation demonstrated reducing myocardial tissue damage and decreasing of cell cross-sectional area, diameter, and circumference. The positive rate of TH declined apparently, and the sympathetic nerve density was lower than that of the MI group. After YQHX was given for 28 days, the proneural remodeling factors TH, NGF, and GAP43 in the marginal zone of infarction and stellate ganglion decreased obviously while the inhibitory nerve remodeling factor Sema-3A increased. The myocardial hypertrophic protein ANP and β-MHC were also significantly inhibited with p-ERK1/2 protein expression level prominently reduced. There was no difference between the YQHX group and the Meto group. After myocardial infarction, nerve remodeling was seen in the marginal area of infarction and stellate ganglion, and the neuropeptides released by which promoted myocardial hypertrophy. The mechanism may be related to the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. YQHX could regulate the ERK1/2 signaling pathway, inhibit the release of nerve remodeling factors and myocardial hypertrophy protein to reduce nerve remodeling, and relieve myocardial hypertrophy.
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15
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Lindsey ML, de Castro Brás LE, DeLeon-Pennell KY, Frangogiannis NG, Halade GV, O'Meara CC, Spinale FG, Kassiri Z, Kirk JA, Kleinbongard P, Ripplinger CM, Brunt KR. Reperfused vs. nonreperfused myocardial infarction: when to use which model. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H208-H213. [PMID: 34114891 PMCID: PMC8321810 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00234.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of understanding in the cardiac remodeling field regarding the use of nonreperfused myocardial infarction (MI) and reperfused MI in animal models of MI. This Perspectives summarizes the consensus of the authors regarding how to select the optimum model for your experiments and is a part of ongoing efforts to establish rigor and reproducibility in cardiac physiology research.
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Grants
- HL132989,HL136737,HL137319,HL141159,HL144788,HL145817 HHS | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)
- R01 HL111600 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R56 HL152297 NHLBI NIH HHS
- IK2 BX003922 BLRD VA
- HL147570,HL149407,HL152297 HHS | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)
- R25 HL145817 NHLBI NIH HHS
- T32 HL007444 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R21 AA027625 NIAAA NIH HHS
- PJT-37522,PJT-153306,PJT-421341,PJO-413883 Canadian Institute of Health Research
- R01 HL141159 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01 HL136737 NHLBI NIH HHS
- AA027625,GM115458,HL076246,HL085440,HL111600,HL129823 HHS | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)
- R01 HL129823 NHLBI NIH HHS
- S10 OD010417 NIH HHS
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- U.S. Department of Defense (DOD)
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)
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Affiliation(s)
- Merry L Lindsey
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Center for Heart and Vascular Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Research Service, Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Kristine Y DeLeon-Pennell
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nikolaos G Frangogiannis
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), The Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Ganesh V Halade
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
| | - Caitlin C O'Meara
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Genomics Sciences and Precision Medicine Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Francis G Spinale
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine and Columbia Veteran Affairs HealthCare System, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Zamaneh Kassiri
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Petra Kleinbongard
- Institute for Pathophysiology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Essen Medical School, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Keith R Brunt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada
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16
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Zekios KC, Mouchtouri ET, Lekkas P, Nikas DN, Kolettis TM. Sympathetic Activation and Arrhythmogenesis after Myocardial Infarction: Where Do We Stand? J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8050057. [PMID: 34063477 PMCID: PMC8156099 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction often leads to progressive structural and electrophysiologic remodeling of the left ventricle. Despite the widespread use of β-adrenergic blockade and implantable defibrillators, morbidity and mortality from chronic-phase ventricular tachyarrhythmias remains high, calling for further investigation on the underlying pathophysiology. Histological and functional studies have demonstrated extensive alterations of sympathetic nerve endings at the peri-infarct area and flow-innervation mismatches that create a highly arrhythmogenic milieu. Such accumulated evidence, along with the previously well-documented autonomic dysfunction as an important contributing factor, has stirred intense research interest for pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic neuromodulation in post-infarction heart failure. In this regard, aldosterone inhibitors, sacubitril/valsartan and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors have shown antiarrhythmic effects. Non-pharmacologic modalities, currently tested in pre-clinical and clinical trials, include transcutaneous vagal stimulation, stellate ganglion modulation and renal sympathetic denervation. In this review, we provide insights on the pathophysiology of ventricular arrhythmogenesis post-myocardial infarction, focusing on sympathetic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos C. Zekios
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (K.C.Z.); (D.N.N.)
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Eleni-Taxiarchia Mouchtouri
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Panagiotis Lekkas
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Dimitrios N. Nikas
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (K.C.Z.); (D.N.N.)
| | - Theofilos M. Kolettis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Ioannina, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece; (K.C.Z.); (D.N.N.)
- Department of Cardiology, University of Ioannina, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, 1 St. Niarxou Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece;
- Correspondence:
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17
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Lyu J, Huang J, Wu J, Yu T, Wei X, Lei Q. Lack of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Reduces Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias During the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1297-1311. [PMID: 33854357 PMCID: PMC8039209 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s304553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are involved in inflammatory responses and play a crucial role in aggravating ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) after myocardial infarction (MI). Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) participates in inflammatory responses during acute MI. In the present study, we hypothesized that knockout (KO) of MIF may prevent VAs during the acute phase of MI by inhibiting macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory mediators. Methods and Results We demonstrated that MIF-KO mice in a mouse model of MI exhibited a significant decrease in susceptibility to VAs both in vivo (84.6% vs 40.7%, P < 0.05) and ex vivo (86.7% vs 40.0%, P < 0.05) at day 3 after MI compared with that in wild-type (WT) mice. Both WT and MIF-KO mice presented similar left ventricular contractility, peri-infarct myocardial fibrosis and sympathetic reinnervation, and circulating and local norepinephrine levels during the acute phase of MI. Meanwhile, MIF-KO mice had inhibited macrophage aggregation, alleviated connexin 43 (Cx43) redistribution, and reduced level of pro-inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β (P < 0.05) at day 3 after MI. The differences in susceptibility to VAs, expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, and Cx43 redistribution after MI between WT and MIF-KO mice disappeared by macrophage depletion with clodronate liposomes in both groups. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory activity of cultured peritoneal macrophages was inhibited by MIF deficiency and recovered with replenishment of exogenous MIF in vitro. Conclusion In conclusion, we found that lack of MIF reduced the susceptibility to VAs in mouse heart during the acute phase of MI by inhibiting pro-inflammatory activity of macrophages and improving gap-junction and electrical remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.,Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinchuan Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, People's Republic of China
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18
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vonderEmbse AN, Elmore SE, Jackson KB, Habecker BA, Manz KE, Pennell KD, Lein PJ, La Merrill MA. Developmental exposure to DDT or DDE alters sympathetic innervation of brown adipose in adult female mice. Environ Health 2021; 20:37. [PMID: 33794904 PMCID: PMC8017793 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to the bioaccumulative pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolite dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) has been associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and obesity in humans and experimental animals. These effects appear to be mediated by reduced brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, which is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system. Although the neurotoxicity of DDT is well-established, whether DDT alters sympathetic innervation of BAT is unknown. We hypothesized that perinatal exposure to DDT or DDE promotes thermogenic dysfunction by interfering with sympathetic regulation of BAT thermogenesis. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6 J mice were administered environmentally relevant concentrations of DDTs (p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT) or DDE (p,p'-DDE), 1.7 mg/kg and 1.31 mg/kg, respectively, from gestational day 11.5 to postnatal day 5 by oral gavage, and longitudinal body temperature was recorded in male and female offspring. At 4 months of age, metabolic parameters were measured in female offspring via indirect calorimetry with or without the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist, CL 316,243. Immunohistochemical and neurochemical analyses of sympathetic neurons innervating BAT were evaluated. RESULTS We observed persistent thermogenic impairment in adult female, but not male, mice perinatally exposed to DDTs or p,p'-DDE. Perinatal DDTs exposure significantly impaired metabolism in adult female mice, an effect rescued by treatment with CL 316,243 immediately prior to calorimetry experiments. Neither DDTs nor p,p'-DDE significantly altered BAT morphology or the concentrations of norepinephrine and its metabolite DHPG in the BAT of DDTs-exposed mice. However, quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed a 20% decrease in sympathetic axons innervating BAT in adult female mice perinatally exposed to DDTs, but not p,p'-DDE, and 48 and 43% fewer synapses in stellate ganglia of mice exposed to either DDTs or p,p'-DDE, respectively, compared to control. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that perinatal exposure to DDTs or p,p'-DDE impairs thermogenesis by interfering with patterns of connectivity in sympathetic circuits that regulate BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalise N. vonderEmbse
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Sarah E. Elmore
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Present address: Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, California EPA, Oakland, CA USA
| | - Kyle B. Jackson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
- Integrative Genetics and Genomics Graduate Group, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Katherine E. Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Kurt D. Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, 184 Hope Street, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Pamela J. Lein
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California-Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine, 1089 Veterinary Medicine Drive, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Michele A. La Merrill
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Spinelli L, Imbriaco M, Giugliano G, Nappi C, Gaudieri V, Riccio E, Pisani A, Trimarco B, Cuocolo A. Focal reduction in left ventricular 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine uptake and impairment in systolic function in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease. J Nucl Cardiol 2021; 28:641-649. [PMID: 31087266 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-019-01734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities of cardiac sympathetic innervation have been demonstrated in Anderson-Fabry disease (AFD). We aimed to investigate the relationship between regional left ventricular (LV) denervation and regional function abnormalities. METHODS Twenty-four AFD patients (43.7 ± 12.8 years) were studied by 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac imaging and speckle-tracking echocardiography. Segmental tracer uptake was estimated according to 0 to 4 score, and total defect score (TDS) was calculated for each patient. RESULTS Segmental longitudinal strain worsened as MIBG uptake score increased (P < 0.001). By ROC analysis, a segmental longitudinal strain > - 16.2% predicted a segmental MIBG uptake score ≥1, with 79.7% sensitivity and 65.3% specificity. Segmental MIBG uptake defects were found in 13 out 24 AFD patients. LV mass index (60.8 ± 10.1 vs. 41.4 ± 9.8 g/h2.7), relative wall thickness (0.51 ± 0.06 vs. 0.40 ± 0.06), systolic pulmonary artery pressure (35.2 ± 6.7 vs. 27.2 ± 4.2 mmHg), and longitudinal strain (- 14.3 ± 2.7 vs. -19.4 ± 1.8%) were significantly higher in patients with segmental defect (all P < 0.01). At multivariate linear regression analysis, global longitudinal strain was independently associated with TDS (B = 3.007, 95% confidence interval 1.384 to 4.630, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Reduced cardiac MIBG uptake reflects the severity of cardiac involvement in AFD patients. LV longitudinal function impairment seems to be an earlier disease feature than regional myocardial denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Spinelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Massimo Imbriaco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Giugliano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Carmela Nappi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Gaudieri
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Riccio
- Department of Public Health, Nephrology Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Pisani
- Department of Public Health, Nephrology Unit, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Bruno Trimarco
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuocolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131, Naples, Italy
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20
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Goldstein DS. The "Sick-but-not-Dead" Phenomenon Applied to Catecholamine Deficiency in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Semin Neurol 2020; 40:502-514. [PMID: 32906170 PMCID: PMC10680399 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The catecholamines dopamine and norepinephrine are key central neurotransmitters that participate in many neurobehavioral processes and disease states. Norepinephrine is also the main neurotransmitter mediating regulation of the circulation by the sympathetic nervous system. Several neurodegenerative disorders feature catecholamine deficiency. The most common is Parkinson's disease (PD), in which putamen dopamine content is drastically reduced. PD also entails severely decreased myocardial norepinephrine content, a feature that characterizes two other Lewy body diseases-pure autonomic failure and dementia with Lewy bodies. It is widely presumed that tissue catecholamine depletion in these conditions results directly from loss of catecholaminergic neurons; however, as highlighted in this review, there are also important functional abnormalities in extant residual catecholaminergic neurons. We refer to this as the "sick-but-not-dead" phenomenon. The malfunctions include diminished dopamine biosynthesis via tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and L-aromatic-amino-acid decarboxylase (LAAAD), inefficient vesicular sequestration of cytoplasmic catecholamines, and attenuated neuronal reuptake via cell membrane catecholamine transporters. A unifying explanation for catecholaminergic neurodegeneration is autotoxicity exerted by 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), an obligate intermediate in cytoplasmic dopamine metabolism. In PD, putamen DOPAL is built up with respect to dopamine, associated with a vesicular storage defect and decreased aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Probably via spontaneous oxidation, DOPAL potently oligomerizes and forms quinone-protein adducts with ("quinonizes") α-synuclein (AS), a major constituent in Lewy bodies, and DOPAL-induced AS oligomers impede vesicular storage. DOPAL also quinonizes numerous intracellular proteins and inhibits enzymatic activities of TH and LAAAD. Treatments targeting DOPAL formation and oxidation therefore might rescue sick-but-not-dead catecholaminergic neurons in Lewy body diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, Clinical Neurosciences Program, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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21
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Lyu J, Wang M, Kang X, Xu H, Cao Z, Yu T, Huang K, Wu J, Wei X, Lei Q. Macrophage-mediated regulation of catecholamines in sympathetic neural remodeling after myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2020; 115:56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-020-0813-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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Bottasso E. Toward the Existence of a Sympathetic Neuroplasticity Adaptive Mechanism Influencing the Immune Response. A Hypothetical View-Part II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:633. [PMID: 31620088 PMCID: PMC6760024 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the preceding work, a hypothesis on the existence of a specific neural plasticity program from sympathetic fibers innervating secondary lymphoid organs was introduced. This proposed adaptive mechanism would involve segmental retraction and degeneration of noradrenergic terminals during the immune system (IS) activation followed by regeneration once the IS returns to the steady-state. Starting from such view, this second part presents clinical and experimental evidence allowing to envision that this sympathetic neural plasticity mechanism is also operative on inflamed non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Importantly, the sympathetic nervous system regulates most of the physiological bodily functions, ranging from cardiovascular, respiratory and gastro-intestinal functions to endocrine and metabolic ones, among others. Thus, it seems sensible to think that compensatory programs should be put into place during inflammation in non-lymphoid tissues as well, to avoid the possible detrimental consequences of a sympathetic blockade. Nevertheless, in many pathological scenarios like severe sepsis, chronic inflammatory diseases, or maladaptive immune responses, such compensatory programs against noradrenergic transmission impairment would fail to develop. This would lead to a manifest sympathetic dysfunction in the above-mentioned settings, partly accounting for their underlying pathophysiological basis; which is also discussed. The physiological/teleological significance for the whole neural plasticity process is postulated, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Bottasso
- Departments of Pathology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Centro de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Humanas y de la Salud, Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Rosario, Argentina
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23
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Kosovtseva AS, Bairova ТА, Rychkova LV, Polyakov VM, Kolesnikova LI. Prognostic Risk Models for the Development of Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Adolescents with Essential Hypertension. Bull Exp Biol Med 2019; 166:494-496. [PMID: 30783836 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-019-04380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We present prognostic risk models for structural and functional cardiovascular disorders in Caucasian adolescents (Russians) with essential hypertension aged 14-17 years (15.92±1.12) taking into account biochemical (catecholamines and cortisol) and genetic parameters (carriage of polymorphic variants of α2A-adrenergic receptor gene ARA2A (-1291С>G), norepinephrine transporter NET (-1287G>A), and D2-dopamine receptor DRD2 (-141C Ins/Del) and the data of psychological testing. Prognostically significant risk factors for increased specific peripheral vascular resistance and variability of daytime systolic BP were a combination of [CC+AA] genotypes of ADRA2A -1291C>G and NET -1287G>A polymorphisms, cortisol level, anxiety, and proneness to conflict. The combination of genotypes [CC+GG+II] of polymorphisms -1291C>G ADRA2A, -1287G>A NET and -141C Ins/Del DRD is prognostically significant, with the GG genotype NET being epistatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kosovtseva
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - Т А Bairova
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - L V Rychkova
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - V M Polyakov
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - L I Kolesnikova
- Research Center for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems, Irkutsk, Russia
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24
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Jiang W, Chen C, Huo J, Lu D, Jiang Z, Geng J, Xu H, Shan Q. Comparison between renal denervation and metoprolol on the susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmias in rats with myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10206. [PMID: 29976952 PMCID: PMC6033884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) are the leading cause of sudden cardiac death in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). We sought to compare effects of renal denervation (RDN) and metoprolol on VAs after MI. Fifty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI, while 6 rats served as Control. Metoprolol was given 20 mg/kg/day for 5 weeks after MI surgery. RDN/Sham-RDN procedure was performed at 1 week after MI. At 5 weeks after MI, electrical programmed stimulation (EPS) was performed in all groups for evaluation of VAs. After EPS, heart and kidneys were harvested. Compared with MI group, RDN and metoprolol significantly decreased the incidence of VAs, and RDN is superior to metoprolol. Compared with metoprolol group, Masson staining showed that RDN significantly reduced the myocardial fibrosis. Both RDN and metoprolol decreased the protein expression of connexin43 (Cx43) compared with MI group, while only RDN lighted this decrease remarkably. Immunohistochemical staining of Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) revealed that RDN and metoprolol had similar effect on reducing densities of sympathetic nerve in infarction border zone. According to this study, RDN is more effective in reducing VAs than metoprolol in ischemic cardiomyopathy model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Junyu Huo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Zhixin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Qijun Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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25
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Parrish DC, Francis Stuart SD, Olivas A, Wang L, Nykjaer A, Ripplinger CM, Habecker BA. Transient denervation of viable myocardium after myocardial infarction does not alter arrhythmia susceptibility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H415-H423. [PMID: 29101167 PMCID: PMC5899257 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00300.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac sympathetic nerves stimulate heart rate and force of contraction. Myocardial infarction (MI) leads to the loss of sympathetic nerves within the heart, and clinical studies have indicated that sympathetic denervation is a risk factor for arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Two distinct types of denervation have been identified in the mouse heart after MI caused by ischemia-reperfusion: transient denervation of peri-infarct myocardium and sustained denervation of the infarct. Sustained denervation is linked to increased arrhythmia risk, but it is not known whether acute nerve loss in peri-infarct myocardium also contributes to arrhythmia risk. Peri-infarct sympathetic denervation requires the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), but removal of p75NTR alters the pattern of sympathetic innervation in the heart and increases spontaneous arrhythmias. Therefore, we targeted the p75NTR coreceptor sortilin and the p75NTR-induced protease tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme/A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (TACE/ADAM17) to selectively block peri-infarct denervation. Sympathetic nerve density was quantified using immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase. Genetic deletion of sortilin had no effect on the timing or extent of axon degeneration, but inhibition of TACE/ADAM17 with the protease inhibitor marimastat prevented the loss of axons from viable myocardium. We then asked whether retention of nerves in peri-infarct myocardium had an impact on cardiac electrophysiology 3 days after MI using ex vivo optical mapping of transmembrane potential and intracellular Ca2+. Preventing acute denervation of viable myocardium after MI did not significantly alter cardiac electrophysiology or Ca2+ handling, suggesting that transient denervation at this early time point has minimal impact on arrhythmia risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Sympathetic denervation after myocardial infarction is a risk factor for arrhythmias. We asked whether transient loss of nerves in viable myocardium contributed to arrhythmia risk. We found that targeting protease activity could prevent acute peri-infarct denervation but that it did not significantly alter cardiac electrophysiology or Ca2+ handling 3 days after myocardial infarction.
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MESH Headings
- ADAM17 Protein/metabolism
- Action Potentials
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Animals
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/etiology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/metabolism
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/pathology
- Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology
- Calcium Signaling
- Disease Models, Animal
- Heart/innervation
- Heart Rate
- Isolated Heart Preparation
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Infarction/complications
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/physiopathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Myocardium/pathology
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Sympathetic Nervous System/metabolism
- Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology
- Time Factors
- Tissue Survival
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Parrish
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Antoinette Olivas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
| | - Lianguo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California , Davis, California
| | - Anders Nykjaer
- Department of Biomedicine-Medical Biochemistry, Aarhus University , Aarhus , Denmark
| | | | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
- Department of Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland, Oregon
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26
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Lai X, Zhong L, Fu HX, Dang S, Wang X, Zhang N, Feng GK, Liu ZQ, Wang X, Wang L. Effects of neuregulin-1 on autonomic nervous system remodeling post-myocardial infarction in a rat model. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1905-1910. [PMID: 29239338 PMCID: PMC5745846 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nerve and vagus nerve remodeling play an important part in cardiac function post-myocardial infarction (MI). Increasing evidence indicates that neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) improves cardiac function following heart failure. Since its impact on cardiac function and neural remodeling post-MI is poorly understood, we aimed to investigate the role of NRG-1 in autonomic nervous system remodeling post-MI. Forty-five Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into three groups: sham (with the left anterior descending coronary artery exposed but without ligation), MI (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation), and MI plus NRG-1 (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation followed by intraperitoneal injection of NRG-1 (10 μg/kg, once daily for 7 days)). At 4 weeks after MI, echocardiography was used to detect the rat cardiac function by measuring the left ventricular end-systolic inner diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular end-systolic volume, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular fractional shortening. mRNA and protein expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, growth associated protein-43 (neuronal specific protein), nerve growth factor, choline acetyltransferase (vagus nerve marker), and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (cardiac vagal nerve fiber marker) in ischemic myocardia were detected by real-time PCR and western blot assay to assess autonomous nervous remodeling. After MI, the rat cardiac function deteriorated significantly, and it was significantly improved after NRG-1 injection. Compared with the MI group, mRNA and protein levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and growth associated protein-43, as well as choline acetyltransferase mRNA level significantly decreased in the MI plus NRG-1 group, while mRNA and protein levels of nerve growth factor and vesicular acetylcholine transporters, as well as choline acetyltransferase protein level slightly decreased. Our results indicate that NRG-1 can improve cardiac function and regulate sympathetic and vagus nerve remodeling post-MI, thus reaching a new balance of the autonomic nervous system to protect the heart from injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Liang Zhong
- Wuhan Medical & Healthcare Center for Women and Children, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hai-Xia Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Henan Province People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Song Dang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Gao-Ke Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zi-Qiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Long Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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27
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Xu B, Xu H, Cao H, Liu X, Qin C, Zhao Y, Han X, Li H. Intermedin improves cardiac function and sympathetic neural remodeling in a rat model of post myocardial infarction heart failure. Mol Med Rep 2017. [PMID: 28627670 PMCID: PMC5562092 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that intermedin (IMD), a novel member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) family, has a wide range of cardioprotective effects. The present study investigated the effects of long-term administration of IMD on cardiac function and sympathetic neural remodeling in heart failure (HF) rats, and studied potential underlying mechanism. HF was induced in rats by myocardial infarction (MI). Male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either saline or IMD (0.6 µg/kg/h) treatment groups for 4 weeks post-MI. Another group of sham-operated rats served as controls. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography, cardiac catheterization and plasma level of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Cardiac sympathetic neural remodeling was assessed by immunohistochemistical study of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) immunoreactive nerve fibers. The protein expression levels of nerve growth factor (NGF), TH and GAP43 in the ventricular myocardium were studied by western blotting. Ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) was determined to evaluate the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia. Oxidative stress was assessed by detecting the activity of superoxide dismutase and the level of malondialdehyde. Compared with rats administrated with saline, IMD significantly improved cardiac function, decreased the plasma BNP level, attenuated sympathetic neural remodeling, increased VFT and suppressed oxidative stress. In conclusion, these results indicated that IMD prevents ventricle remodeling and improves the performance of a failing heart. In addition, IMD attenuated sympathetic neural remodeling and reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia, which may contribute to its anti-oxidative property. These results implicate IMD as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Heng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Chunhuan Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yanzhou Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolin Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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28
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Evaluation of specific neural marker GAP-43 and TH combined with Masson-trichrome staining for forensic autopsy cases with old myocardial infarction. Int J Legal Med 2017; 132:187-195. [DOI: 10.1007/s00414-017-1590-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Pinkham MI, Loftus MT, Amirapu S, Guild SJ, Quill G, Woodward WR, Habecker BA, Barrett CJ. Renal denervation in male rats with heart failure improves ventricular sympathetic nerve innervation and function. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R368-R379. [PMID: 28052866 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00313.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is characterized by the loss of sympathetic innervation to the ventricles, contributing to impaired cardiac function and arrhythmogenesis. We hypothesized that renal denervation (RDx) would reverse this loss. Male Wistar rats underwent myocardial infarction (MI) or sham surgery and progressed into heart failure for 4 wk before receiving bilateral RDx or sham RDx. After additional 3 wk, left ventricular (LV) function was assessed, and ventricular sympathetic nerve fiber density was determined via histology. Post-MI heart failure rats displayed significant reductions in ventricular sympathetic innervation and tissue norepinephrine content (nerve fiber density in the LV of MI+sham RDx hearts was 0.31 ± 0.05% vs. 1.00 ± 0.10% in sham MI+sham RDx group, P < 0.05), and RDx significantly increased ventricular sympathetic innervation (0.76 ± 0.14%, P < 0.05) and tissue norepinephrine content. MI was associated with an increase in fibrosis of the noninfarcted ventricular myocardium, which was attenuated by RDx. RDx improved LV ejection fraction and end-systolic and -diastolic areas when compared with pre-RDx levels. This is the first study to show an interaction between renal nerve activity and cardiac sympathetic nerve innervation in heart failure. Our findings show denervating the renal nerves improves cardiac sympathetic innervation and function in the post-MI failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael T Loftus
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Satya Amirapu
- Department of Anatomy and Radiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sarah-Jane Guild
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gina Quill
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; and
| | - William R Woodward
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Carolyn J Barrett
- Department of Physiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Habecker BA, Anderson ME, Birren SJ, Fukuda K, Herring N, Hoover DB, Kanazawa H, Paterson DJ, Ripplinger CM. Molecular and cellular neurocardiology: development, and cellular and molecular adaptations to heart disease. J Physiol 2016; 594:3853-75. [PMID: 27060296 DOI: 10.1113/jp271840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nervous system and cardiovascular system develop in concert and are functionally interconnected in both health and disease. This white paper focuses on the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie neural-cardiac interactions during development, during normal physiological function in the mature system, and during pathological remodelling in cardiovascular disease. The content on each subject was contributed by experts, and we hope that this will provide a useful resource for newcomers to neurocardiology as well as aficionados.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Johns Hopkins Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Susan J Birren
- Department of Biology, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, 02453, USA
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Neil Herring
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Donald B Hoover
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Hideaki Kanazawa
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35-Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
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Hill AP, Perry MD, Abi-Gerges N, Couderc JP, Fermini B, Hancox JC, Knollmann BC, Mirams GR, Skinner J, Zareba W, Vandenberg JI. Computational cardiology and risk stratification for sudden cardiac death: one of the grand challenges for cardiology in the 21st century. J Physiol 2016; 594:6893-6908. [PMID: 27060987 PMCID: PMC5134408 DOI: 10.1113/jp272015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk stratification in the context of sudden cardiac death has been acknowledged as one of the major challenges facing cardiology for the past four decades. In recent years, the advent of high performance computing has facilitated organ-level simulation of the heart, meaning we can now examine the causes, mechanisms and impact of cardiac dysfunction in silico. As a result, computational cardiology, largely driven by the Physiome project, now stands at the threshold of clinical utility in regards to risk stratification and treatment of patients at risk of sudden cardiac death. In this white paper, we outline a roadmap of what needs to be done to make this translational step, using the relatively well-developed case of acquired or drug-induced long QT syndrome as an exemplar case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P Hill
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Matthew D Perry
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Najah Abi-Gerges
- AnaBios Corporation, 3030 Bunker Hill St., San Diego, CA, 92109, USA
| | | | - Bernard Fermini
- Global Safety Pharmacology, Pfizer Inc, MS8274-1347 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA
| | - Jules C Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bjorn C Knollmann
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1285 Medical Research Building IV, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Gary R Mirams
- Computational Biology, Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jon Skinner
- Cardiac Inherited Disease Group, Starship Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Wojciech Zareba
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, 405 Liverpool Street, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.,St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Gardner RT, Ripplinger CM, Myles RC, Habecker BA. Molecular Mechanisms of Sympathetic Remodeling and Arrhythmias. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2016; 9:e001359. [PMID: 26810594 DOI: 10.1161/circep.115.001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Gardner
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.)
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.)
| | - Rachel C Myles
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.)
| | - Beth A Habecker
- From the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (R.T.G., B.A.H.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis (C.M.R.); and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.C.M.).
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Myocardial Infarction Causes Transient Cholinergic Transdifferentiation of Cardiac Sympathetic Nerves via gp130. J Neurosci 2016; 36:479-88. [PMID: 26758839 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3556-15.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart is a classic example of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine (ACh) triggering opposing actions. Sympathetic NE increases heart rate and contractility through activation of β receptors, whereas parasympathetic ACh slows the heart through muscarinic receptors. Sympathetic neurons can undergo a developmental transition from production of NE to ACh and we provide evidence that mouse cardiac sympathetic nerves transiently produce ACh after myocardial infarction (MI). ACh levels increased in viable heart tissue 10-14 d after MI, returning to control levels at 21 d, whereas NE levels were stable. At the same time, the genes required for ACh synthesis increased in stellate ganglia, which contain most of the sympathetic neurons projecting to the heart. Immunohistochemistry 14 d after MI revealed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in stellate sympathetic neurons and vesicular ACh transporter immunoreactivity in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cardiac sympathetic fibers. Finally, selective deletion of the ChAT gene from adult sympathetic neurons prevented the infarction-induced increase in cardiac ACh. Deletion of the gp130 cytokine receptor from sympathetic neurons prevented the induction of cholinergic genes after MI, suggesting that inflammatory cytokines induce the transient acquisition of a cholinergic phenotype in cardiac sympathetic neurons. Ex vivo experiments examining the effect of NE and ACh on rabbit cardiac action potential duration revealed that ACh blunted both the NE-stimulated decrease in cardiac action potential duration and increase in myocyte calcium transients. This raises the possibility that sympathetic co-release of ACh and NE may impair adaptation to high heart rates and increase arrhythmia susceptibility. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sympathetic neurons normally make norepinephrine (NE), which increases heart rate and the contractility of cardiac myocytes. We found that, after myocardial infarction, the sympathetic neurons innervating the heart begin to make acetylcholine (ACh), which slows heart rate and decreases contractility. Several lines of evidence confirmed that the source of ACh was sympathetic nerves rather than parasympathetic nerves that are the normal source of ACh in the heart. Global application of NE with or without ACh to ex vivo hearts showed that ACh partially reversed the NE-stimulated decrease in cardiac action potential duration and increase in myocyte calcium transients. That suggests that sympathetic co-release of ACh and NE may impair adaptation to high heart rates and increase arrhythmia susceptibility.
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Hu H, Xuan Y, Xue M, Cheng W, Wang Y, Li X, Yin J, Li X, Yang N, Shi Y, Yan S. Semaphorin 3A attenuates cardiac autonomic disorders and reduces inducible ventricular arrhythmias in rats with experimental myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2016; 16:16. [PMID: 26787044 PMCID: PMC4719212 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-016-0192-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the effects of semaphorin 3A (sema 3A) on cardiac autonomic regulation and subsequent ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in post-infarcted hearts. METHOD AND RESULTS In order to explore the functions of sema 3A in post-infarcted hearts, lentivirus-Sema 3A-shRNA and negative control vectors were delivered to the peri-infarcted myocardium rats respectively. Meanwhile, recombinant sema 3A and control (0.9% NaCl solution) were injected intravenously into infarcted rats to test the therapeutic potential of sema 3A. Results indicated that levels of sema 3A were higher in post-infarcted hearts compared with sham rats. However, sema 3A silencing leaded to sympathetic hyperinnervation, increased myocardial norepinephrine (NE) content and inducible VAs. Conversely, the intravenous administration of sema 3A to infarcted rats reduced sympathetic nerve sprouting, improved cardiac autonomic regulation, and decreased the incidence of inducible VAs. However, both infarct size and cardiac function were similar among infarcted hearts. CONCLUSIONS The upregulation and administration of sema 3A exerted beneficial effects on infarction-induced cardiac autonomic disorders by increasing cardiac electrical stability and reducing VAs. Sema 3A might be a potential therapeutic agent for cardiac autonomic abnormalities induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hesheng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Yongli Xuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Mei Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Wenjuan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Xinran Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Jie Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Xiaolu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Na Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Yugen Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
| | - Suhua Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, 250014, Jinan, China.
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Ripplinger CM, Noujaim SF, Linz D. The nervous heart. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 120:199-209. [PMID: 26780507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Many cardiac electrophysiological abnormalities are accompanied by autonomic nervous system dysfunction. Here, we review mechanisms by which the cardiac nervous system controls normal and abnormal excitability and may contribute to atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Moreover, we explore the potential antiarrhythmic and/or arrhythmogenic effects of modulating the autonomic nervous system by several strategies, including ganglionated plexi ablation, vagal and spinal cord stimulations, and renal sympathetic denervation as therapies for atrial and ventricular arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, 451 Health Sciences Drive, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Sami F Noujaim
- Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Dominik Linz
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Cardiac Sympathetic Nerve Sprouting and Susceptibility to Ventricular Arrhythmias after Myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Res Pract 2015; 2015:698368. [PMID: 26793403 PMCID: PMC4697091 DOI: 10.1155/2015/698368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventricular arrhythmogenesis is thought to be a common cause of sudden cardiac death following myocardial infarction (MI). Nerve remodeling as a result of MI is known to be an important genesis of life-threatening arrhythmias. It is hypothesized that neural modulation might serve as a therapeutic option of malignant arrhythmias. In fact, left stellectomy or β-blocker therapy is shown to be effective in the prevention of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), and sudden cardiac death (SCD) after MI both in patients and in animal models. Results from decades of research already evidenced a positive relationship between abnormal nerve density and ventricular arrhythmias after MI. In this review, we summarized the molecular mechanisms involved in cardiac sympathetic rejuvenation and mechanisms related to sympathetic hyperinnervation and arrhythmogenesis after MI and analyzed the potential therapeutic implications of nerve sprouting modification for ventricular arrhythmias and SCD control.
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37
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Jiang YH, Jiang P, Yang JL, Ma DF, Lin HQ, Su WG, Wang Z, Li X. Cardiac Dysregulation and Myocardial Injury in a 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Rat Model of Sympathetic Denervation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133971. [PMID: 26230083 PMCID: PMC4521861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac sympathetic denervation is found in various cardiac pathologies; however, its relationship with myocardial injury has not been thoroughly investigated. METHODS Twenty-four rats were assigned to the normal control group (NC), sympathectomy control group (SC), and a sympathectomy plus mecobalamin group (SM). Sympathectomy was induced by injection of 6-OHDA, after which, the destruction and distribution of sympathetic and vagal nerve in the left ventricle (LV) myocardial tissue were determined by immunofluorescence and ELISA. Heart rate variability (HRV), ECG and echocardiography, and assays for myocardial enzymes in serum before and after sympathectomy were examined. Morphologic changes in the LV by HE staining and transmission electron microscope were used to estimate levels of myocardial injury and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines were used to reflect the inflammatory reaction. RESULTS Injection of 6-OHDA decreased NE (933.1 ± 179 ng/L for SC vs. 3418.1± 443.6 ng/L for NC, P < 0.01) and increased NGF (479.4± 56.5 ng/mL for SC vs. 315.85 ± 28.6 ng/mL for NC, P < 0.01) concentrations. TH expression was reduced, while ChAT expression showed no change. Sympathectomy caused decreased HRV and abnormal ECG and echocardiography results, and histopathologic examinations showed myocardial injury and increased collagen deposition as well as inflammatory cell infiltration in the cardiac tissue of rats in the SC and SM groups. However, all pathologic changes in the SM group were less severe compared to those in the SC group. CONCLUSIONS Chemical sympathectomy with administration of 6-OHDA caused dysregulation of the cardiac autonomic nervous system and myocardial injuries. Mecobalamin alleviated inflammatory and myocardial damage by protecting myocardial sympathetic nerves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jin-long Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Du-Fang Ma
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Qing Lin
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wen-ge Su
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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38
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Gardner RT, Wang L, Lang BT, Cregg JM, Dunbar CL, Woodward WR, Silver J, Ripplinger CM, Habecker BA. Targeting protein tyrosine phosphatase σ after myocardial infarction restores cardiac sympathetic innervation and prevents arrhythmias. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6235. [PMID: 25639594 PMCID: PMC4315356 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of people suffer a myocardial infarction (MI) every year, and those who survive have increased risk of arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Recent clinical studies have identified sympathetic denervation as a predictor of increased arrhythmia susceptibility. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans present in the cardiac scar after MI prevent sympathetic reinnervation by binding the neuronal protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor σ (PTPσ). Here we show that the absence of PTPσ, or pharmacologic modulation of PTPσ by the novel intracellular sigma peptide (ISP) beginning 3 days after injury, restores sympathetic innervation to the scar and markedly reduces arrhythmia susceptibility. Using optical mapping we observe increased dispersion of action potential duration, supersensitivity to β-adrenergic receptor stimulation and Ca(2+) mishandling following MI. Sympathetic reinnervation prevents these changes and renders hearts remarkably resistant to induced arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. T. Gardner
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - L. Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - B. T. Lang
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - J. M. Cregg
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - C. L. Dunbar
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - W. R. Woodward
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - J. Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - C. M. Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - B. A. Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Myles RC, Wang L, Bers DM, Ripplinger CM. Decreased inward rectifying K+ current and increased ryanodine receptor sensitivity synergistically contribute to sustained focal arrhythmia in the intact rabbit heart. J Physiol 2014; 593:1479-93. [PMID: 25772297 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.279638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Heart failure leads to dramatic electrophysiological remodelling as a result of numerous cellular and tissue-level changes. Important cellular changes include increased sensitivity of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) to Ca(2+) release and down-regulation of the inward rectifying K(+) current (IK1), both of which contribute to triggered action potentials in isolated cells. We studied the role of increased RyR sensitivity and decreased IK1 in contributing to focal arrhythmia in the intact non-failing rabbit heart using optical mapping and pharmacological manipulation of RyRs and IK1. Neither increased RyR sensitivity or decreased IK1 alone led to significant increases in arrhythmia following local sympathetic stimulation; however, in combination, these two factors led to a significant increase in premature ventricular complexes and focal ventricular tachycardia. These results suggest synergism between increased RyR sensitivity and decreased IK1 in contributing to focal arrhythmia in the intact heart and may provide important insights into novel anti-arrhythmic treatments in heart failure. ABSTRACT Heart failure (HF) results in dramatic electrophysiological remodelling, including increased sensitivity of ryanodine receptors (RyRs) and decreased inward rectifying K(+) current (IK1), which predisposes HF myocytes to delayed afterdepolarizations and triggered activity. Therefore, we sought to determine the role of increased RyR sensitivity and decreased IK1 in contributing to focal arrhythmia in the intact non-failing heart. Optical mapping of transmembrane potential and intracellular Ca(2+) was performed in Langendorff-perfused rabbit hearts (n = 15). Local β-adrenergic receptor stimulation with noradrenaline (norepinephrine; NA, 50 μl, 250 μM) was applied to elicit focal activity (premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) or ventricular tachycardia (VT ≥ 3 beats)). NA was administered under control conditions (CTL) and following pretreatment with 50 μM BaCl2 to reduce IK1, or 200 μM caffeine (Caff) to sensitize RyRs, both alone and in combination. Local NA injection resulted in Ca(2+)-driven PVCs arising from the injection site in all hearts studied. No increase in NA-mediated PVCs was observed following pretreatment with either BaCl2 or Caff alone (CTL: 1.1 ± 0.7, BaCl2: 1.0 ± 0.7, Caff: 1.3 ± 0.8 PVCs/injection, P not significant). However, pretreatment with the combination of BaCl2 + Caff resulted in a significant increase in PVCs (2.3 ± 2.8 PVCs/injection, P < 0.05 vs. CTL, BaCl2, Caff). Additionally, pretreatment with BaCl2 + Caff led to sustained monomorphic VT arising from the NA application site in all hearts studied, which lasted up to 6 min following a single NA injection. VT was never observed under any other condition suggesting synergism between increased RyR sensitivity and decreased IK1 in contributing to focal activity. These findings may have important implications for the understanding and prevention of focal arrhythmia in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Myles
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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Freeman K, Tao W, Sun H, Soonpaa MH, Rubart M. In situ three-dimensional reconstruction of mouse heart sympathetic innervation by two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging. J Neurosci Methods 2014; 221:48-61. [PMID: 24056230 PMCID: PMC3858460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sympathetic nerve wiring in the mammalian heart has remained largely unexplored. Resolving the wiring diagram of the cardiac sympathetic network would help establish the structural underpinnings of neurocardiac coupling. NEW METHOD We used two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy, combined with a computer-assisted 3-D tracking algorithm, to map the local sympathetic circuits in living hearts from adult transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in peripheral adrenergic neurons. RESULTS Quantitative co-localization analyses confirmed that the intramyocardial EGFP distribution recapitulated the anatomy of the sympathetic arbor. In the left ventricular subepicardium of the uninjured heart, the sympathetic network was composed of multiple subarbors, exhibiting variable branching and looping topology. Axonal branches did not overlap with each other within their respective parental subarbor nor with neurites of annexed subarbors. The sympathetic network in the border zone of a 2-week-old myocardial infarction was characterized by substantive rewiring, which included spatially heterogeneous loss and gain of sympathetic fibers and formation of multiple, predominately nested, axon loops of widely variable circumference and geometry. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS In contrast to mechanical tissue sectioning methods that may involve deformation of tissue and uncertainty in registration across sections, our approach preserves continuity of structure, which allows tracing of neurites over distances, and thus enables derivation of the three-dimensional and topological morphology of cardiac sympathetic nerves. CONCLUSIONS Our assay should be of general utility to unravel the mechanisms governing sympathetic axon spacing during development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Freeman
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Wen Tao
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Hongli Sun
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Mark H. Soonpaa
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Michael Rubart
- Riley Heart Research Center, Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, 1044 West Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202
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Drobysheva A, Ahmad M, White R, Wang HW, Leenen FHH. Cardiac sympathetic innervation and PGP9.5 expression by cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction: effects of central MR blockade. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 305:H1817-29. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00445.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Central mechanisms involving mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation contribute to an increase in sympathetic tone after myocardial infarction (MI). We hypothesized that this central mechanism also contributes to cardiac sympathetic axonal sprouting and that central MR blockade reduces cardiac sympathetic hyperinnervation post-MI. Post-MI, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and norepinephrine transporter protein content in the noninfarcted base of the heart remained unaltered. In contrast, protein gene product (PGP)9.5 protein was increased twofold in the base of the heart and sixfold in the peri-infarct area at 1 wk post-MI and was associated with increased ubiquitin expression. These changes persisted to a lesser extent at 4 wk post-MI and were no longer present at 12 wk. Cardiac myocytes rather than sympathetic axons were the main source of this elevated PGP9.5 expression. At 7–10 days post-MI, in the peri-infarct area, sympathetic hyperinnervation was observed with a fourfold increase in growth-associated protein 43, a twofold increase in TH, and a 50% increase in PGP9.5-positive fibers compared with the epicardial side of the left ventricle in sham rats. Central infusion of the MR blocker eplerenone markedly attenuated these increases in nerve densities but did not affect overall cardiac PGP9.5 and ubiquitin protein overexpression. We conclude that central MR activation contributes to sympathetic hyperinnervation, possibly by decreasing cardiac sympathetic activity post-MI, or by affecting other mechanisms, such as the expression of nerve growth factor. Marked PGP9.5 expression occurs in cardiomyocytes early post-MI, which may contribute to the increase in ubiquitin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Drobysheva
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monir Ahmad
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roselyn White
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frans H. H. Leenen
- Hypertension Unit, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Lorentz CU, Parrish DC, Alston EN, Pellegrino MJ, Woodward WR, Hempstead BL, Habecker BA. Sympathetic denervation of peri-infarct myocardium requires the p75 neurotrophin receptor. Exp Neurol 2013; 249:111-9. [PMID: 24013014 PMCID: PMC3826885 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Development of cardiac sympathetic heterogeneity after myocardial infarction contributes to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Regions of sympathetic hyperinnervation and denervation appear in the viable myocardium beyond the infarcted area. While elevated nerve growth factor (NGF) is implicated in sympathetic hyperinnervation, the mechanisms underlying denervation are unknown. Recent studies show that selective activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) in sympathetic neurons causes axon degeneration. We used mice that lack p75(NTR) to test the hypothesis that activation of p75(NTR) causes peri-infarct sympathetic denervation after cardiac ischemia-reperfusion. Wild type hearts exhibited sympathetic denervation adjacent to the infarct 24h and 3 days after ischemia-reperfusion, but no peri-infarct sympathetic denervation occurred in p75(NTR)-/- mice. Sympathetic hyperinnervation was found in the distal peri-infarct myocardium in both genotypes 3 days after MI, and hyperinnervation was increased in the p75(NTR)-/- mice. By 7 days after ischemia-reperfusion, cardiac sympathetic innervation density returned back to sham-operated levels in both genotypes, indicating that axonal pruning did not require p75(NTR). Prior studies revealed that proNGF is elevated in the damaged left ventricle after ischemia-reperfusion, as is mRNA encoding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). ProNGF and BDNF preferentially bind p75(NTR) rather than TrkA on sympathetic neurons. Immunohistochemistry using Bdnf-HA mice confirmed the presence of BDNF or proBDNF in the infarct after ischemia-reperfusion. Thus, at least two p75(NTR) ligands are elevated in the left ventricle after ischemia-reperfusion where they may stimulate p75(NTR)-dependent denervation of peri-infarct myocardium. In contrast, NGF-induced sympathetic hyperinnervation in the distal peri-infarct ventricle is attenuated by p75(NTR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina U. Lorentz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Diana C. Parrish
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Eric N. Alston
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Michael J. Pellegrino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - William R. Woodward
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Barbara L. Hempstead
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd., Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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Hardwick JC, Ryan SE, Beaumont E, Ardell JL, Southerland EM. Dynamic remodeling of the guinea pig intrinsic cardiac plexus induced by chronic myocardial infarction. Auton Neurosci 2013; 181:4-12. [PMID: 24220238 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with remodeling of the heart and neurohumoral control systems. The objective of this study was to define time-dependent changes in intrinsic cardiac (IC) neuronal excitability, synaptic efficacy, and neurochemical modulation following MI. MI was produced in guinea pigs by ligation of the coronary artery and associated vein on the dorsal surface of the heart. Animals were recovered for 4, 7, 14, or 50 days. Intracellular voltage recordings were obtained in whole mounts of the cardiac neuronal plexus to determine passive and active neuronal properties of IC neurons. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated an immediate and persistent increase in the percentage of IC neurons immunoreactive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Examination of individual neuronal properties demonstrated that after hyperpolarizing potentials were significantly decreased in both amplitude and time course of recovery at 7 days post-MI. These parameters returned to control values by 50 days post-MI. Synaptic efficacy, as determined by the stimulation of axonal inputs, was enhanced at 7 days post-MI only. Neuronal excitability in absence of agonist challenge was unchanged following MI. Norepinephrine increased IC excitability to intracellular current injections, a response that was augmented post-MI. Angiotensin II potentiation of norepinephrine and bethanechol-induced excitability, evident in controls, was abolished post-MI. This study demonstrates that MI induces both persistent and transient changes in IC neuronal functions immediately following injury. Alterations in the IC neuronal network, which persist for weeks after the initial insult, may lead to alterations in autonomic signaling and cardiac control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Hardwick
- Department of Biology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States.
| | - Shannon E Ryan
- Department of Biology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY 14850, United States
| | - Eric Beaumont
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
| | - E Marie Southerland
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37614, United States
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Thackeray JT, deKemp RA, Beanlands RS, DaSilva JN. Insulin restores myocardial presynaptic sympathetic neuronal integrity in insulin-resistant diabetic rats. J Nucl Cardiol 2013; 20:845-56. [PMID: 23842711 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-013-9759-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is associated with increased sympathetic activity, elevated norepinephrine, impaired heart rate variability, and the added risk of cardiovascular mortality. The temporal development of sympathetic neuronal dysfunction, response to therapy, and relation to ventricular function is not well characterized. METHODS AND RESULTS Sympathetic neuronal integrity was serially investigated in high fat diet-fed streptozotocin diabetic rats using [(11)C]meta-hydroxyephedrine (HED) positron emission tomography at baseline, 8 weeks of diabetes, and after a further 8 weeks of insulin or insulin-sensitizing metformin therapy. Myocardial HED retention was reduced in diabetic rats (n = 16) compared to non-diabetics (n = 6) at 8 weeks by 52-57% (P = .01) with elevated plasma and myocardial norepinephrine levels. Echocardiography pulse-wave Doppler measurements demonstrated prolonged mitral valve deceleration and increased early-to-atrial filling velocity, consistent with diastolic dysfunction. Insulin but not metformin evoked recovery of HED retention and plasma norepinephrine (P < .05), whereas echocardiography measurements of diastolic function were not improved by either treatment. Relative expressions of norepinephrine reuptake transporter and β-adrenoceptors were lower in metformin-treated as compared to insulin-treated diabetic and non-diabetic rats. Diabetic rats exhibited depressed heart rate variability and impaired diastolic function which persisted despite insulin treatment. CONCLUSIONS HED imaging provides sound estimation of sympathetic function. Effective glycemic control can recover sympathetic function in diabetic rats without the corresponding recovery of echocardiography indicators of diastolic dysfunction. HED positron emission tomography imaging may be useful in stratifying cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients and in evaluating the effect of glycemic therapy on the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Thackeray
- Molecular Function & Imaging Program, National Cardiac PET Centre, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4W7, Canada,
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Liu J, Li G, Peng H, Tu G, Kong F, Liu S, Gao Y, Xu H, Qiu S, Fan B, Zhu Q, Yu S, Zheng C, Wu B, Peng L, Song M, Wu Q, Li G, Liang S. Sensory-sympathetic coupling in superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury facilitates sympathoexcitatory action via P2X7 receptor. Purinergic Signal 2013; 9:463-79. [PMID: 23754120 PMCID: PMC3757147 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-013-9367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
P2X receptors participate in cardiovascular regulation and disease. After myocardial ischemic injury, sensory-sympathetic coupling between rat cervical DRG nerves and superior cervical ganglia (SCG) facilitated sympathoexcitatory action via P2X7 receptor. The results showed that after myocardial ischemic injury, the systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum cardiac enzymes, IL-6, and TNF-α were increased, while the levels of P2X7 mRNA and protein in SCG were also upregulated. However, these alterations diminished after treatment of myocardial ischemic (MI) rats with the P2X7 antagonist oxATP. After siRNA P2X7 in MI rats, the systolic blood pressure, heart rate, serum cardiac enzymes, the expression levels of the satellite glial cell (SGC) or P2X7 were significantly lower than those in MI group. The phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in SCG participated in the molecular mechanism of the sympathoexcitatory action induced by the myocardial ischemic injury. Retrograde tracing test revealed the sprouting of CGRP or SP sensory nerves (the markers of sensory afferent fibers) from DRG to SCG neurons. The upregulated P2X7 receptor promoted the activation of SGCs in SCG, resulting in the formation of sensory-sympathetic coupling which facilitated the sympathoexcitatory action. P2X7 antagonist oxATP could inhibit the activation of SGCs and interrupt the formation of sensory-sympathetic coupling in SCG after the myocardial ischemic injury. Our findings may benefit the treatment of coronary heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guilin Li
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Peng
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guihua Tu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Fanjun Kong
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangmei Liu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Gao
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Xu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyi Qiu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Fan
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qicheng Zhu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shicheng Yu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaoran Zheng
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Wu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lichao Peng
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Miaomiao Song
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Wu
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guodong Li
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangdong Liang
- />Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
- />Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006 People’s Republic of China
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Kong F, Liu S, Xu C, Liu J, Li G, Li G, Gao Y, Lin H, Tu G, Peng H, Qiu S, Fan B, Zhu Q, Yu S, Zheng C, Liang S. Electrophysiological studies of upregulated P2X7 receptors in rat superior cervical ganglia after myocardial ischemic injury. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2012] [Revised: 06/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Infarct-derived chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans prevent sympathetic reinnervation after cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Neurosci 2013; 33:7175-83. [PMID: 23616527 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.5866-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sympathetic nerves can regenerate after injury to reinnervate target tissues. Sympathetic regeneration is well documented after chronic cardiac ischemia, so we were surprised that the cardiac infarct remained denervated following ischemia-reperfusion (I-R). We used mice to ask if the lack of sympathetic regeneration into the scar was due to blockade by inhibitory extracellular matrix within the infarct. We found that chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) were present in the infarct after I-R, but not after chronic ischemia, and that CSPGs caused inhibition of sympathetic axon outgrowth in vitro. Ventricle explants after I-R and chronic ischemia stimulated sympathetic axon outgrowth that was blocked by nerve growth factor antibodies. However, growth in I-R cocultures was asymmetrical, with axons growing toward the heart tissue consistently shorter than axons growing in other directions. Growth toward I-R explants was rescued by adding chondroitinase ABC to the cocultures, suggesting that I-R infarct-derived CSPGs prevented axon extension. Sympathetic ganglia lacking protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPRS) were not inhibited by CSPGs or I-R explants in vitro, suggesting PTPRS is the major CSPG receptor in sympathetic neurons. To test directly if infarct-derived CSPGs prevented cardiac reinnervation, we performed I-R in ptprs-/- and ptprs+/- mice. Cardiac infarcts in ptprs-/- mice were hyperinnervated, while infarcts in ptprs+/- littermates were denervated, confirming that CSPGs prevent sympathetic reinnervation of the cardiac scar after I-R. This is the first example of CSPGs preventing sympathetic reinnervation of an autonomic target following injury, and may have important consequences for cardiac function and arrhythmia susceptibility after myocardial infarction.
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Abstract
Autonomic cardiac neurons have a common origin in the neural crest but undergo distinct developmental differentiation as they mature toward their adult phenotype. Progenitor cells respond to repulsive cues during migration, followed by differentiation cues from paracrine sources that promote neurochemistry and differentiation. When autonomic axons start to innervate cardiac tissue, neurotrophic factors from vascular tissue are essential for maintenance of neurons before they reach their targets, upon which target-derived trophic factors take over final maturation, synaptic strength and postnatal survival. Although target-derived neurotrophins have a central role to play in development, alternative sources of neurotrophins may also modulate innervation. Both developing and adult sympathetic neurons express proNGF, and adult parasympathetic cardiac ganglion neurons also synthesize and release NGF. The physiological function of these “non-classical” cardiac sources of neurotrophins remains to be determined, especially in relation to autocrine/paracrine sustenance during development.
Cardiac autonomic nerves are closely spatially associated in cardiac plexuses, ganglia and pacemaker regions and so are sensitive to release of neurotransmitter, neuropeptides and trophic factors from adjacent nerves. As such, in many cardiac pathologies, it is an imbalance within the two arms of the autonomic system that is critical for disease progression. Although this crosstalk between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves has been well established for adult nerves, it is unclear whether a degree of paracrine regulation occurs across the autonomic limbs during development. Aberrant nerve remodeling is a common occurrence in many adult cardiovascular pathologies, and the mechanisms regulating outgrowth or denervation are disparate. However, autonomic neurons display considerable plasticity in this regard with neurotrophins and inflammatory cytokines having a central regulatory function, including in possible neurotransmitter changes. Certainly, neurotrophins and cytokines regulate transcriptional factors in adult autonomic neurons that have vital differentiation roles in development. Particularly for parasympathetic cardiac ganglion neurons, additional examinations of developmental regulatory mechanisms will potentially aid in understanding attenuated parasympathetic function in a number of conditions, including heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wohaib Hasan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute; Oregon Health & Science University; Portland, OR USA
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Comparison of the effects of cilnidipine and amlodipine on cardiac remodeling and diastolic dysfunction in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2012; 30:1845-55. [PMID: 22796710 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e3283567645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The L/N-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) cilnidipine suppresses sympathetic nerve activity and has a superior renoprotective effect compared with L-type CCBs such as amlodipine. The cardioprotective action of cilnidipine has remained largely uncharacterized, however. We have now investigated the effects of cilnidipine, in comparison with amlodipine, on cardiac pathophysiology in rats with salt-sensitive hypertension. METHODS Dahl salt-sensitive rats fed a high-salt diet from 6 weeks of age were treated with vehicle (LVH group), amlodipine (3 mg/kg per day), or cilnidipine (3 mg/kg per day) from 7 to 11 weeks. RESULTS The salt-induced increase in SBP apparent in LVH rats was attenuated to a similar extent by treatment with amlodipine or cilnidipine. The two drugs also similarly inhibited the development of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. However, cilnidipine attenuated the increase in relative wall thickness as well as ameliorated LV perivascular and interstitial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction to a greater extent than did amlodipine. In addition, cilnidipine treatment was associated with greater inhibition of cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene expression. The decrease in cardiac norepinephrine content apparent in LVH rats was similarly inhibited by both drugs. CONCLUSIONS Cilnidipine attenuated LV fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction as well as LV concentricity to a greater extent than did amlodipine in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The superior cardioprotective action of cilnidipine is likely attributable, at least in part, to the greater antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects associated with inhibition of cardiac RAS gene expression observed with this drug.
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Liu Y, Lai WH, Liao SY, Siu CW, Yang YZ, Tse HF. Lack of cardiac nerve sprouting after intramyocardial transplantation of bone marrow-derived stem cells in a swine model of chronic ischemic myocardium. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2012; 5:359-64. [PMID: 22302631 PMCID: PMC3349852 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-012-9350-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Previous experimental studies suggested that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation causes cardiac nerve sprouting; however, whether bone marrow (BM)-derived mononuclear cells (MNC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) can also lead to cardiac nerve sprouting and alter gap junction expression remains unclear. We investigated the effect of electroanatomical mapping-guided direct intramyocardial transplantation of BM-MNC (n = 8) and CD31+EPC (n = 8) compared with saline control (n = 8) on cardiac nerve sprouting and gap junction expression in a swine model of chronic ischemic myocardium. At 12 weeks after transplantation, the distribution and density of cardiac nerve sprouting were determined by staining of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and growth associated protein 43(GAP-43) and expression of connexin 43 in the targeted ischemic and remote normal myocardium. After 12 weeks, no animal developed sudden death after the transplantation. There were no significant differences in the number of cells with positive staining of TH and GAP-43 in the ischemic and normal myocardium between three groups. Furthermore, expression of connexin 43 was also similar in the ischemic and normal myocardia in each group of animals (P > 0.05). The results of this study demonstrated that intramyocardial BM-derived MNC or EPC transplantation in a large animal model of chronic myocardial ischemia was not associated with increased cardiac nerve sprouting over the ischemic myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
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