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Massaro M, Quarta S, Calabriso N, Carluccio MA, Scoditti E, Mancuso P, De Caterina R, Madonna R. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Insights and perspectives. Eur J Clin Invest 2024:e14277. [PMID: 38940236 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare and progressive disorder that affects the pulmonary vasculature. Although recent developments in pharmacotherapy have extended the life expectancy of PAH patients, their 5-year survival remains unacceptably low, underscoring the need for multitarget and more comprehensive approaches to managing the disease. This should incorporate not only medical, but also lifestyle interventions, including dietary changes and the use of nutraceutical support. Among these strategies, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) are emerging as promising agents able to counteract the inflammatory component of PAH. In this narrative review, we aim at analysing the preclinical evidence for the impact of n-3 PUFAs on the pathogenesis and the course of PAH. Although evidence for the role of n-3 PUFAs deficiencies in the development and progression of PAH in humans is limited, preclinical studies suggest that these dietary components may influence several aspects of the pathobiology of PAH. Further clinical research should test the efficacy of n-3 PUFAs on top of approved clinical management. These studies will provide evidence on whether n-3 PUFAs can genuinely serve as a valuable tool to enhance the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Massaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Quarta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Nadia Calabriso
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | | | - Egeria Scoditti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), National Research Council (CNR), Lecce, Italy
| | - Peter Mancuso
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and the Program in Immunology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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2
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Huang L, Zhang H, Liu Y, Long Y. The Role of Gut and Airway Microbiota in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:929752. [PMID: 35910623 PMCID: PMC9326471 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.929752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe clinical condition that is characterized pathologically by perivascular inflammation and pulmonary vascular remodeling that ultimately leads to right heart failure. However, current treatments focus on controlling vasoconstriction and have little effect on pulmonary vascular remodeling. Better therapies of PAH require a better understanding of its pathogenesis. With advances in sequencing technology, researchers have begun to focus on the role of the human microbiota in disease. Recent studies have shown that the gut and airway microbiota and their metabolites play an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH. In this review, we summarize the current literature on the relationship between the gut and airway microbiota and PAH. We further discuss the key crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the lung associated with PAH, and the potential link between the gut and airway microbiota in the pathogenesis of PAH. In addition, we discuss the potential of using the microbiota as a new target for PAH therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Huang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongdie Zhang
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yijun Liu
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Long
- Experimental Medicine Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yang Long
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3
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Kocherlakota C, Nagaraju B, Arjun N, Srinath A, Kothapalli KSD, Brenna JT. Inhalation of nebulized omega-3 fatty acids mitigate LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in rats: Implications for treatment of COPD and COVID-19. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2022; 179:102426. [PMID: 35381532 PMCID: PMC8964507 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many current treatment options for lung inflammation and thrombosis come with unwanted side effects. The natural omega-3 fatty acids (O3FA) are generally anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic. O3FA are always administered orally and occasionally by intravenous (IV) infusion. The main goal of this study is to determine if O3FA administered by inhalation of a nebulized formulation mitigates LPS-induced acute lung inflammation in male Wistar rats. Inflammation was triggered by intraperitoneal injection of LPS once a day for 14 days. One hour post-injection, rats received nebulized treatments consisting of egg lecithin emulsified O3, Budesonide and Montelukast, and blends of O3 and Melatonin or Montelukast or Cannabidiol; O3 was in the form of free fatty acids for all groups except one group with ethyl esters. Lung histology and cytokines were determined in n = 3 rats per group at day 8 and day 15. All groups had alveolar histiocytosis severity scores half or less than that of the disease control (Cd) treated with LPS and saline only inhalation. IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IL-10 were attenuated in all O3FA groups. IL-1β was attenuated in most but not all O3 groups. O3 administered as ethyl ester was overall most effective in mitigating LPS effects. No evidence of lipid pneumonia or other chronic distress was observed. These preclinical data suggest that O3FA formulations should be further investigated as treatments in lung inflammation and thrombosis related lung disorders, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and acute respiratory distress such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Banda Nagaraju
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Narala Arjun
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Akula Srinath
- Leiutis Pharmaceuticals LLP, Plot No. 23, TIE 1st Phase, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX 78723, United States.
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4
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Influence of Dietary Inclusion of Exhausted Bergamot By-Product in Pigs on Animal Performance, Fatty Acid Profile and Oxidative Stability of Meat and Meat Products. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12060757. [PMID: 35327154 PMCID: PMC8944746 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation was carried out on the effect in pig diet of supplementation with exhausted bergamot by-product, stemming from pharmaceutical industry after extraction of phenolic compounds, on growth performance and on the quality of meat and meat products. Twenty pigs were assigned to two dietary treatments and fed a conventional concentrate (control) or a concentrate including exhausted bergamot by-product at the level of 15% on a DM basis (EB). No significant differences between dietary treatments were found for final weight (p = 0.243), carcass weight (p = 0.679), dry matter intake (p = 0.321). In EB pork, the proportion of docosapentaenoic acid was significantly increased (p < 0.05); it tended to have a greater proportion of n-3 PUFA (p = 0.09), and the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio was lower in EB treatment (p = 0.01). In salami from EB pigs fed, the proportion of α-linolenic acid and the total n-3 PUFA were higher than in the control group (p < 0.001). In salami, the TBARS value was lower after 5 days of storage (p < 0.001) in the EB group. Therefore, the present results suggest that the inclusion of exhausted bergamot by-product in pig diet resulted in a qualitative improvement of meat and meat products.
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Rezaei A, Neshat S, Heshmat-Ghahdarijani K. Alterations of Lipid Profile in COVID-19: A Narrative Review. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:100907. [PMID: 34272088 PMCID: PMC8161768 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2021.100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to over 100 million infections and over 3 million deaths worldwide. Understanding its pathogenesis is crucial to guide prognostic and therapeutic implications. Viral infections are known to alter the lipid profile and metabolism of their host cells, similar to the case with MERS and SARS-CoV-2002. Since lipids play various metabolic roles, studying lipid profile alterations in COVID-19 is an inevitable step as an attempt to achieve better therapeutic strategies, as well as a potential prognostic factor in the course of this disease. Several studies have reported changes in lipid profile associated with COVID-19. The most frequently reported changes are a decline in serum cholesterol and ApoA1 levels and elevated triglycerides. The hyper-inflammatory state mediated by the Cytokine storm disturbs several fundamental lipid biosynthesis pathways. Virus replication is a process that drastically changes the host cell's lipid metabolism program and overuses cell lipid resources. Lower HDL-C and ApoA1 levels are associated with higher severity and mortality rates and with higher levels of inflammatory markers. Studies suggest that arachidonic acid omega-3 derivatives might help modulate hyper-inflammation and cytokine storm resulting from pulmonary involvement. Also, statins have been shown to be beneficial when administered after COVID-19 diagnosis via unclear mechanisms probably associated with anti-inflammatory effects and HDL-C rising effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rezaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Sina Neshat
- Department of Internal Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani
- Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Corresponding author: Kiyan Heshmat-Ghahdarijani,MD, Heart Failure Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Tel: + 98 (31)36680048 Fax: +98 (31)3912862
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6
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Resolution-promoting autacoids demonstrate promising cardioprotective effects against heart diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:5179-5197. [PMID: 35142983 PMCID: PMC9262808 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Chronic heart diseases have in common an unresolved inflammatory status. In atherosclerosis, myocarditis, myocardial infarction, or atrial fibrillation, mounting evidence suggests that unresolved inflammation contributes to the chronicity, aggravation, and morbidity of the disease. Following cardiac injury or infection, acute inflammation is a normal and required process to repair damaged tissues or eliminate pathogens and promote restoration of normal functions and structures. However, if acute inflammation is not followed by resolution, a chronic and deleterious inflammatory status may occur, characterized by the persistence of inflammatory biomarkers, promoting aggravation of myocardial pathogenesis, abnormal structural remodeling, development of cardiac fibrosis, and loss of function. Although traditional antiinflammatory strategies, including the use of COX-inhibitors, to inhibit the production of inflammation promotors failed to promote homeostasis, mounting evidence suggests that activation of specific endogenous autacoids may promote resolution and perpetuate cardioprotective effects. The recent discovery of the active mechanism of resolution suggests that proresolving signals and cellular processes may help to terminate inflammation and combat the development of its chronic profile in cardiac diseases. This review discussed (I) the preclinical and clinical evidence of inflammation-resolution in cardiac disorders including atrial fibrillation; (II) how and why many traditional antiinflammatory treatments failed to prevent or cure cardiac inflammation and fibrosis; and (III) whether new therapeutic strategies may interact with the resolution machinery to have cardioprotective effects. Graphical abstract RvD D-series resolving, RvE E-series resolving, LXA4 lipoxin A4, MaR1 maresin-1![]()
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7
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Liu D, Qin S, Su D, Wang K, Huang Y, Huang Y, Pang Y. Metabolic Reprogramming of the Right Ventricle and Pulmonary Arteries in a Flow-Associated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rat Model. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:1273-1287. [PMID: 35036789 PMCID: PMC8757344 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a complex devastating disease relevant to remarkable metabolic dysregulation. Although various research studies on PAH from a metabolic perspective have been emerging, pathogenesis of PAH varies in different categories. Research on metabolic reprogramming in flow-associated PAH remains insufficient. An untargeted metabolomic profiling platform was used to evaluate the metabolic profile of pulmonary arteries (PAs) as well as the right ventricle (RV) in a flow-associated PAH rat model in the present work. A total of 79 PAs and 128 RV metabolites were significantly altered in PAH rats, among which 39 metabolites were assessed as shared dysregulated metabolites in PAs and the RV. Pathway analysis elucidated that, in PAs of PAH rats, pathways of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were significantly altered, while in the RV, arginine biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism were altered dramatically. Further integrated analysis of shared dysregulated PA and RV metabolites demonstrated that the linoleic acid metabolism and the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism were the key pathways involved in the pathogenesis of flow-associated PAH. Results obtained from the present work indicate that the PAH pathogenesis could be mediated by widespread metabolic reprogramming. In particular, the dysregulation of AA metabolism may considerably contribute to the development of high blood flow-associated PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongli Liu
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Suyuan Qin
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Danyan Su
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yuqin Huang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- Department
of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital
of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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8
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Assessment of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on COVID-19-Associated Risk Reduction. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA : ORGAO OFICIAL DA SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA 2021; 32:50-64. [PMID: 34876760 PMCID: PMC8638948 DOI: 10.1007/s43450-021-00213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pooled evidence conveys the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids and infectious disease. SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped mRNA virus, was also reported to interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The present review explores the possible mode of action, immunology, and consequences of these polyunsaturated fatty acids during the viral infection. Polyunsaturated fatty acids control protein complex formation in lipid rafts associated with the function of two SARS-CoV-2 entry gateways: angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and cellular protease transmembrane protease serine-2. Therefore, the viral entry can be mitigated by modulating polyunsaturated fatty acids contents in the body. α-Linolenic acid is the precursor of two clinically important eicosanoids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, the members of ω-3 fats. Resolvins, protectins, and maresins derived from docosahexaenoic acid suppress inflammation and augment phagocytosis that lessens microbial loads. Prostaglandins of 3 series, leukotrienes of 5 series, and thromboxane A3 from eicosapentaenoic acid exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and platelet anti-aggregatory effects that may also contribute to the control of pre-existing pulmonary and cardiac diseases. In contrast, ω-6 linoleic acid-derived arachidonic acid increases the prostaglandin G2, lipoxins A4 and B4, and thromboxane A2. These cytokines are pro-inflammatory and enhance the immune response but aggravate the COVID-19 severity. Therefore, the rational intake of ω-3-enriched foods or supplements might lessen the complications in COVID-19 and might be a preventive measure. Graphic Abstract
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The Role of an Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Conjunction to COVID-19. Diseases 2021; 9:diseases9040076. [PMID: 34842636 PMCID: PMC8628803 DOI: 10.3390/diseases9040076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), otherwise known as COVID-19, has challenged healthcare systems at an international level. COVID-19 suppresses the immune system by causing a systemic inflammatory response, also known as cytokine release syndrome, leaving COVID-19 patients with high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Nutrition's function in the respiratory and immune systems has been investigated in much research, and its significance cannot be overstated, as the nutritional status of patients has been shown to be directly connected with the severity of the disease. Key dietary components such as vitamin C, D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc have shown potential in their anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the famous Mediterranean diet. This review aims to discuss the use of anti-inflammatory dietary approaches to prevent Sars-CoV-2 or lessen COVID-19 effects.
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Li X, Hu B, Wang L, Xia Q, Ni X. P2X7 receptor-mediated phenotype switching of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in hypoxia. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2133-2142. [PMID: 33650080 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
P2X7R activation contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. However, the molecular mechanism through which P2X7R participates in pulmonary vascular remodeling is largely unknown. The rats and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were maintained under hypoxia. P2X7R expression was determined by real-time PCR and western blotting. The pathological changes of lung tissue were evaluated via HE staining after treatment with a P2X7R antagonist, A740003. After treatment with A740003 or silencing P2X7R, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), phenotype markers and phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/JNK expression were tested by western blotting. P2X7R expression in hypoxia group was significantly higher than that in normoxia group in vivo and in vitro. The pathological changes of lung tissue induced by hypoxia were significantly relieved by treatment with a P2X7R antagonist, A740003. Hypoxia stimulated the proliferation and synthetic phenotype of PASMCs, which were aggravated by a P2X7R agonist treatment and alleviated by a P2X7R antagonist or silencing P2X7R mRNA treatment. Silencing P2X7R mRNA significantly decreased the hypoxia-induced upregulation of phospho-JNK/JNK in PASMCs. The phenotype switching of PASMCs in hypoxia was reversed by treatment with JNK inhibitor. The findings indicate that P2X7R may be involved in the hypoxia-induced proliferation and phenotype switching of PASMCs via JNK signaling pathway, which suggests a new therapeutic strategy targeting P2X7R in vascular remodeling of pulmonary arterial hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, 213 Jianshe Road, Kaifa District, Daqing, 163310, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, 39 Xinyang Road, Gaoxin District, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Science and Technology Education Pioneer Park, Dongsheng District, Ordos, 017099, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, 39 Xinyang Road, Gaoxin District, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qingqing Xia
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, 39 Xinyang Road, Gaoxin District, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuqin Ni
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University-Daqing, 39 Xinyang Road, Gaoxin District, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China.
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Gevariya N, Lachance G, Robitaille K, Joly Beauparlant C, Beaudoin L, Fournier É, Fradet Y, Droit A, Julien P, Marette A, Bergeron A, Fradet V. Omega-3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid Reduces Prostate Tumor Vascularity. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:516-527. [PMID: 33262291 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of omega (ω)-3 fatty acids on prostate cancer is controversial in epidemiological studies but experimental studies suggest a protective effect. However, little is known about the mechanism of action. Here, we studied the effects of purified fatty acid molecules on prostate tumor progression using the TRAMP-C2 syngeneic immunocompetent mouse model. Compared with ω-6 or ω-9-supplemented animals, we observed that late-stage prostate tumor growth was reduced with a monoacylglyceride (MAG)-conjugated form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) supplementation, whereas docosahexanenoic acid (DHA) caused an early reduction. MAG-EPA significantly decreased tumor blood vessel diameter (P < 0.001). RNA sequencing analysis revealed that MAG-EPA downregulated angiogenesis- and vascular-related pathways in tumors. We also observed this tissue vascular phenotype in a clinical trial testing MAG-EPA versus a high oleic sunflower oil placebo. Using anti-CD31 IHC, we observed that MAG-EPA reduced blood vessel diameter in prostate tumor tissue (P = 0.03) but not in normal adjacent tissue. Finally, testing autocrine and paracrine effects in an avascular tumor spheroid growth assay, both exogenous MAG-EPA and endogenous ω3 reduced VEGF secretion and in vitro endothelial cell tube formation and blocked tumor spheroid growth, suggesting that ω3 molecules can directly hinder prostate cancer cell growth. Altogether, our results suggest that fatty acids regulate prostate cancer growth and that a tumor-specific microenvironment is required for the anti-vascular effect of MAG-EPA in patients with prostate cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Increasing the amount of ingested EPA omega-3 subtype for patients with prostate cancer might help to reduce prostate tumor progression by reducing tumor vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikunj Gevariya
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Gabriel Lachance
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche de l'IUCPQ, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Karine Robitaille
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Charles Joly Beauparlant
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Laboratoire de bio-informatique and Centre de Génomique du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Lisanne Beaudoin
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Éric Fournier
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Laboratoire de bio-informatique and Centre de Génomique du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Laboratoire de bio-informatique and Centre de Génomique du Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Julien
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche en endocrinologie, métabolisme et inflammation de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Centre de recherche de l'IUCPQ, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Vincent Fradet
- Laboratoire d'Uro-Oncologie Expérimentale, Oncology Axis, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.,Centre nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS) et Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Québec, Québec, Canada
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Weill P, Plissonneau C, Legrand P, Rioux V, Thibault R. May omega-3 fatty acid dietary supplementation help reduce severe complications in Covid-19 patients? Biochimie 2020; 179:275-280. [PMID: 32920170 PMCID: PMC7481803 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In around 10% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) symptoms are complicated with a severe lung damage called Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), which is often lethal. ARDS is mainly associated with an uncontrolled overproduction of immune cells and cytokines, called "cytokine storm syndrome"; it appears 7-15 days following the onset of symptoms, leading to systemic inflammation and multiple organ failure. Because they are well-known metabolic precursors of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LC-PUFAs) could help improve the resolution of the inflammatory balance, limiting therefore the level and duration of the critical inflammatory period. Omega-3 LC-PUFAs may also interact at different stages of the viral infection, notably on the virus entry and replication. In the absence of demonstrated treatment and while waiting for vaccine possibility, the use of omega-3 LC-PUFAs deserve therefore to be considered, based on previous clinical studies suggesting that omega-3 supplementation could improve clinical outcomes of critically ill patients at the acute phase of ARDS. In this context, it is crucial to remind that the omega-3 PUFA dietary intake levels in Western countries remains largely below the current recommendations, considering both the omega-3 precursor α-linolenic acid (ALA) and long chain derivatives such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). An optimized omega-3 PUFAs status could be helpful to prevent infectious diseases, including Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Weill
- Bleu-Blanc-Cœur Association - Univ Rennes, France
| | - Claire Plissonneau
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Inserm U1071, USC-INRAE 2018, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), 63001, Clermont-Ferrand, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliques à l'Exercice en Conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), EA 3533, 63171, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, Institut Agro, Rennes, France; INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, Institut Agro, Rennes, France; INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer, NuMeCan, Rennes, France; Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France.
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Silva AR, Moraes BPT, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Mediterranean Diet: Lipids, Inflammation, and Malaria Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124489. [PMID: 32599864 PMCID: PMC7350014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) consists of consumption of vegetables and healthy oils and have beneficial effects on metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Our goal here is to discuss the role of fatty acid content in MedDiet, mostly omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 on malaria. Malaria affects millions of people around the globe. The parasite Plasmodium causes the disease. The metabolic and inflammatory alterations in the severe forms have damaging consequences to the host. The lipid content in the MedDiet holds anti-inflammatory and pro-resolutive features in the host and have detrimental effects on the Plasmodium. The lipids from the diet impact the balance of pro- and anti-inflammation, thus, lipids intake from the diet is critical to parasite elimination and host tissue damage caused by an immune response. Herein, we go into the cellular and molecular mechanisms and targets of the MedDiet fatty acids in the host and the parasite, reviewing potential benefits of the MedDiet, on inflammation, malaria infection progression, and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (A.R.S.); or (C.F.G.-d.-A.)
| | - Bianca P. T. Moraes
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Neurociências da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói 24020-141, Brazil
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, UNIRIO, Rio de Janeiro 20210-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (A.R.S.); or (C.F.G.-d.-A.)
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Wu Y, Cai C, Yang L, Xiang Y, Zhao H, Zeng C. Inhibitory effects of formononetin on the monocrotaline‑induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Mol Med Rep 2020; 21:1192-1200. [PMID: 31922224 PMCID: PMC7003019 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.10911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal syndrome resulting from enhanced pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vessel resistance. Perivascular inflammation and extracellular matrix deposition are considered to be the crucial pathophysiologic bases of PAH. Formononetin (FMN), a natural phytoestrogen isolated from red clover (Trifolium pratense), has a variety of proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. However, the therapeutic effectiveness of FMN for PAH remains unclear. In the present study, 60 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT) was first used to induce PAH in rats, and then all rats were treated with different concentrations of FMN (10, 30 and 60 mg/kg/day). At the end of this study, the hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular morphology of rats were evaluated. Specifically, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and MMP9 were measured using western blot and immunohistochemical staining. Collagen type I, collagen type III, fibronectin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, ERK and NF-κB were quantified using western blotting. The results demonstrated that FMN significantly alleviated the changes of hemodynamics and pulmonary vascular morphology, and decreased the MCT-induced upregulations of TGFβ1, MMP2 and MMP9 expression levels. Meanwhile, the expression levels of collagen type I, collagen type III and fibronectin in rat lungs decreased after FMN treatment. Furthermore, the phosphorylated ERK and NF-κB also decreased after FMN treatment. Taken together, the present study indicated that FMN serves a therapeutic role in the MCT-induced PAH in rats via suppressing pulmonary vascular remodeling, which may be partially related to ERK and NF-κB signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Changhong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Lebing Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Huan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
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Kim J, Kang SC, Yoon NE, Kim Y, Choi J, Park N, Jung H, Jung BH, Ju JH. Metabolomic profiles of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:319. [PMID: 31730022 PMCID: PMC6858676 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metabolomics is the systemic study of the unique fingerprints of metabolites involved in cellular processes and biochemical reactions. The metabolomic approach is useful in diagnosing and predicting the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) and is emerging as a useful tool for identifying disease biomarkers. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic blueprint of fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from RA and OA patients. Methods Somatic cells of RA patients (n = 3) and OA patients (n = 3) were isolated, transduced with a lentiviral plasmid, and reprogrammed into iPSCs displaying pluripotency. Metabolic profiling of RA and OA patient–derived FLS cells and iPSCs was performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and statistical analysis. After normalization by the sum of the peak intensities through LC/MS, 37 metabolites were detected across RA and OA patients. Results The metabolites of RA and OA were distinguishable according to the PLS-DA analysis. LysoPC (20:4), 4-methoxychalcone, phosphorylcholine, and nicotinamide (NAM) were significantly higher in RA iPSCs than in OA iPSCs (p < 0.05). The NMNAT-3 enzyme, which catalyzes an important step in the biosynthesis of NAD+ from adenosine triphosphate, was also upregulated in RA iPSCs. Interestingly, the proliferation of RA iPSCs was significantly greater than OA iPSC proliferation (p < 0.05). NAM played a critical role in the proliferation of RA iPSCs but not in OA iPSCs. When iPSCs were treated with 100 nM of the NAM inhibitor tannic acid (TA), the proliferation of RA iPSCs was significantly reduced (p < 0.001). Conclusions The metabolites of RA and OA FLS cells and RA and OA iPSCs were all clearly distinguishable from each other. NAM played a critical role in the proliferation of RA iPSCs but not in OA iPSCs. TA effectively inhibited the expression of NAM in RA iPSCs and is a possible effective treatment for RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juryun Kim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | | | - Na Eun Yoon
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yena Kim
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Jinhyeok Choi
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Narae Park
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Hyerin Jung
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ji Hyeon Ju
- CiSTEM Laboratory, Catholic iPSC Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, South Korea. .,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 137-701, Republic of Korea.
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Drouin G, Rioux V, Legrand P. The n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA): A new player in the n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid family. Biochimie 2019; 159:36-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Semen KO, Bast A. Towards improved pharmacotherapy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Can diet play a role? Clin Nutr ESPEN 2019; 30:159-169. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2018.12.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Drouin G, Guillocheau E, Catheline D, Baudry C, Le Ruyet P, Rioux V, Legrand P. Impact of n-3 Docosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on Fatty Acid Composition in Rat Differs Depending upon Tissues and Is Influenced by the Presence of Dairy Lipids in the Diet. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9976-9988. [PMID: 30056717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (n-3 DPA) could be a novel source of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) with beneficial physiological effects. Following the supplementation of 0.5% purified n-3 DPA for 3 weeks from weaning, the n-3 DPA content increased in one-half of the 18 studied tissues (from +50% to +110%, p < 0.05) and mostly affected the spleen, lung, heart, liver, and bone marrow. The n-3 DPA was slightly converted into DHA (+20% in affected tissues, p < 0.05) and mostly retroconverted into EPA (35-46% of n-3 DPA intake in liver and kidney) showing an increased content of these LCPUFA in specific tissues. The partial incorporation of dairy lipids in the diet for 6 weeks increased overall n-3 PUFA status and brain DHA status. Furthermore, the n-3 DPA supplementation and dairy lipids had an additive effect on the increase of n-3 PUFA tissue contents. Moreover, n-3 DPA supplementation decreased plasma cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Drouin
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | - Etienne Guillocheau
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | | | | | - Vincent Rioux
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition , Agrocampus Ouest , Rennes F-35000 , France
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Shao X, Bor G, Al-Hosayni S, Salentinig S, Yaghmur A. Structural characterization of self-assemblies of new omega-3 lipids: docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid monoglycerides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23928-23941. [PMID: 30209464 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04256j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The attractiveness of new omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) monoglycerides (MAGs) lies in the amphiphilic nature and the beneficial health effects as PUFA precursors in various disorders including cancer, pulmonary hypertension, and inflammatory diseases. For exploring the potential therapeutic applications of these new amphiphilic lipids, particularly as main lipid constituents in the development of nanocarriers for delivery of drugs and PUFAs, it is of paramount importance to gain insight into their self-assembly behavior on exposure to excess water. This work describes the structural characteristics of self-assemblies based on two newly synthesized MAGs, namely docosahexaenoic acid (MAG-DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid (MAG-DPA) monoglycerides, on exposure to excess water. We found that both lipids tend to form a dominant inverse hexagonal (H2) phase in excess water at 25 °C and a temperature-triggered structural transition to an inverse micellar solution (L2 phase) is detected similar to that recently reported (A. Yaghmur et al., Langmuir, 2017, 33, 14045-14057) for eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA). An experimental SAXS structural evaluation study on the temperature-dependent behavior of these new monoglycerides is provided, and the effects of unsaturation degree and fatty acyl chain length on the self-assembled structural features in excess water and on the H2-L2 phase transition temperature are discussed. In addition, hexosomes stabilized by using the triblock copolymer F127 and the food-grade emulsifier citrem were investigated to gain insights into the effects of stabilizer and temperature on the internal nanostructure. These nanoparticles are attractive for use in the development of nanocarriers for delivering drugs and/or nutritional compounds as the beneficial health effects of ω-3 PUFA monoglycerides can be combined with those of loaded therapeutic agents or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianrong Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
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Lin CY, Chung YH, Shi YF, Tzang BS, Hsu TC. The VP1 unique region of human parvovirus B19 and human bocavirus induce lung injury in naïve Balb/c mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202667. [PMID: 30114253 PMCID: PMC6095614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both human parvovirus B19 (B19V) and human bocavirus (HBoV) are known to be important human pathogens of the Parvoviridae family. Our earlier investigation demonstrated that both B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u have a significantly disruptive effect on tight junctions (TJs) in A549 cells, implying the essential role of parvovirus in airway infection and lung injury. However, no direct evidence that B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u induce lung injury exists. The present study further investigates the induction of lung injury by B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u in naïve Balb/c mice following subcutaneous injection of PBS, recombinant B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u. The experimental results reveal significantly increased activity, protein expression and ratio of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) to MMP-2 in Balb/c mice that received B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u compared to those that received PBS. Significantly higher levels of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-1β, and greater lymphocyte infiltration in lung tissue sections were detected in mice that received B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u. Additionally, significantly increased levels of phosphorylated p65 (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling proteins were observed in lung tissue of mice that received B19V-VP1u or HBoV-VP1u compared to those of mice that received PBS. These findings demonstrate for the first time that B19V-VP1u and HBoV-VP1u proteins induce lung inflammatory reactions through p65 (NF-κB) and MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yu Lin
- Division of Allergy-Immunology-Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chung
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Shi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Show Tzang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (BST); (TCH)
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von Schacky C, Harris WS. Why docosapentaenoic acid is not included in the Omega-3 Index. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 135:18-21. [PMID: 30103927 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
As currently defined, the Omega-3 Index comprises eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), but not docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in erythrocytes. In fish and many fish oils DPA is detectable (along with EPA and DHA), but sources rich in DPA are scarce. Purified DPA is available, and DPA is a precursor of biologically active molecules, but much remains to be learned about the effects of DPA in humans. In epidemiologic studies, erythrocyte DPA did not predict risk for total mortality, sudden cardiac death, or other relevant cardiovascular events, and, more importantly, did not improve prediction of these events when included along with EPA and DHA, the original Omega-3 Index. We conclude that current scientific evidence does not support including DPA into the Omega-3 Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens von Schacky
- Preventive Cardiology, Ludwig Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Omegametrix, GmbH, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - William S Harris
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, USA; OmegaQuant, LLC, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
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Yan Y, Wang Z, Wang D, Lawrence P, Wang X, Kothapalli KSD, Greenwald J, Liu R, Park HG, Brenna JT. BCFA-enriched vernix-monoacylglycerol reduces LPS-induced inflammatory markers in human enterocytes in vitro. Pediatr Res 2018; 83:874-879. [PMID: 29166379 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundExcess vernix caseosa produced by the fetal skin appears as particles suspended in the amniotic fluid in late gestation, is swallowed by the fetus, and is found throughout the newborn gastrointestinal tract as the first organisms are arriving to colonize the gut. Lipid-rich vernix contains an unusually high 29% branched chain fatty acids (BCFA). BCFAs reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in an animal model, and were recently found predominantly in the sn-2 position of human milk triacylglycerols. Nothing is known about the influence of vernix BCFA on proinflammatory markers in human enterocytes.MethodsWe investigated the effect of vernix-monoacylglycerides (MAGs) (enriched with 30% BCFA) on interleukin (IL)-8 and NF-κB production in a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2). Caco-2 cells were pretreated with vernix-MAG or vernix-free fatty acid (FFA) prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation.ResultsBoth vernix-MAG and vernix-FFA increased cell BCFA and eliminated an LPS-induced 20% reduction in cell viability. In stimulated Caco-2 cells, vernix-MAG was more effective than vernix-FFA in suppressing IL-8 and NF-κB. Activated vernix-MAG-treated cells expressed less of the cell-surface Toll-like receptor4 (TLR-4) compared with controls.ConclusionThis is the first study to show the reduction of proinflammatory markers in human cells mediated by BCFA-MAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Yan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Donghao Wang
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Peter Lawrence
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kumar S D Kothapalli
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Jacelyn Greenwald
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ruijie Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Gyu Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - J Thomas Brenna
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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Zhong Y, Catheline D, Houeijeh A, Sharma D, Du L, Besengez C, Deruelle P, Legrand P, Storme L. Maternal omega-3 PUFA supplementation prevents hyperoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in the offspring. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2018; 315:L116-L132. [PMID: 29597832 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00527.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) affect 16-25% of premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), contributing significantly to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA ω-3) can improve vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and inflammation under pathophysiological conditions. However, the effects of PUFA ω-3 supplementation in BPD-associated PH are unknown. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PUFA ω-3 on pulmonary vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and inflammatory response in a hyperoxia-induced rat model of PH. From embryonic day 15, pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were supplemented daily with PUFA ω-3, PUFA ω-6, or normal saline (0.2 ml/day). After birth, pups were pooled, assigned as 12 per litter, randomly assigned to either air or continuous oxygen exposure (fraction of inspired oxygen = 85%) for 20 days, and then euthanized for pulmonary hemodynamic and morphometric analysis. We found that PUFA ω-3 supplementation improved survival, decreased right ventricular systolic pressure and RVH caused by hyperoxia, and significantly improved alveolarization, vascular remodeling, and vascular density. PUFA ω-3 supplementation produced a higher level of total ω-3 in lung tissue and breast milk and was found to reverse the reduced levels of VEGFA, VEGF receptor 2, angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1), endothelial TEK tyrosine kinase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and nitric oxide concentrations in lung tissue and the increased ANGPT2 levels in hyperoxia-exposed rats. The beneficial effects of PUFA ω-3 in improving lung injuries were also associated with an inhibition of leukocyte infiltration and reduced expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. These data indicate that maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation strategies could effectively protect against infant PH induced by hyperoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhong
- Perinatal Environment and Health, UPRES EA 4489, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France.,Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Daniel Catheline
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC 2012, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, Agroalimentaires, Horticoles et du Paysage, Rennes , France
| | - Ali Houeijeh
- Perinatal Environment and Health, UPRES EA 4489, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France.,Department of Neonatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Dyuti Sharma
- Perinatal Environment and Health, UPRES EA 4489, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France.,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Lizhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine , Hangzhou , China
| | - Capucine Besengez
- Perinatal Environment and Health, UPRES EA 4489, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Philippe Deruelle
- Perinatal Environment and Health, UPRES EA 4489, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Philippe Legrand
- Laboratoire de Biochimie et Nutrition Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique USC 2012, Institut Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, Agroalimentaires, Horticoles et du Paysage, Rennes , France
| | - Laurent Storme
- Perinatal Environment and Health, UPRES EA 4489, Université de Lille, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France.,Department of Neonatology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille , Lille , France
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24
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Yaghmur A, Al-Hosayni S, Amenitsch H, Salentinig S. Structural Investigation of Bulk and Dispersed Inverse Lyotropic Hexagonal Liquid Crystalline Phases of Eicosapentaenoic Acid Monoglyceride. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:14045-14057. [PMID: 29136473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated the potential therapeutic use of newly synthesized omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) monoglycerides owing to their beneficial health effects in various disorders including cancer and inflammation diseases. To date, the research was mainly focused on exploring the biological effects of these functional lipids. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the hydration-mediated self assembly of these lipids that leads to the formation of nanostructures, which are attractive for use as vehicles for the delivery of drugs and functional foods. In the present study, we investigated the temperature-composition phase behaviour of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA), which is one of the most investigated ω-3 PUFA monoglycerides, during a heating-cooling cycle in the temperature range of 5-60 °C. Experimental synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) evidence on the formation of a dominant inverse hexagonal (H2) lyotropic liquid crystalline phase and its temperature-induced transition to an inverse micellar solution (L2 phase) is presented for the fully hydrated bulk MAG-EPA system and its corresponding dispersion. We produced colloidal MAG-EPA hexosomes with an internal inverse hexagonal (H2) lyotropic crystalline phase in the presence of F127, a well-known polymeric stabilizer, or citrem, which is a negatively charged food-grade emulsifier. In this work, we report also on the formation of MAG-EPA hexosomes by vortexing MAG-EPA in excess aqueous medium containing F127 at room temperature. This low-energy emulsification method is different than most reported studies in the literature that have demonstrated the need for using a high-energy input during the emulsification step or adding an organic solvent for the formation of such colloidal nonlamellar liquid crystalline dispersions. The designed nanoparticles hold promise for future drug and functional food delivery applications due to their unique structural properties and the potential health-promoting effects of MAG-EPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Yaghmur
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Sabah Al-Hosayni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Heinz Amenitsch
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste , Strada Statale 14, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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25
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Dihydromyricetin prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:825-833. [PMID: 29078260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a chronic and deadly disease, for which effective medical treatments are lacking. Here, we investigated whether 2R,3R-dihydromyricetin (DHM) could prevent monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats. The MCT-injected rats were treated with normal saline or DHM (100mg/kg body weight/d) for 4 weeks, followed by measurements of right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), pulmonary arterial remodeling (PAR), and expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10. In vitro, we assessed the role of DHM on IL-6-induced migration of primary human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs). We found that DHM treatment attenuated changes in RVSP, RVHI, and PAR in MCT-injected PAH rats. The observed increase of IL-6 levels in PAH rats was inhibited by DHM treatment. In vitro, DHM pretreatment reduced IL-6-induced HPASMC migration. Furthermore, MCT- and IL-6-mediated increases in MMP9 and P-STAT3 (tyr705) PY-STAT3 levels were suppressed by DHM treatment in vivo and in vitro. These results suggest that DHM could prevent MCT-induced rat PAH and IL-6-induced HPASMC migration through a mechanism involving inhibiting of the STAT3/MMP9 axis.
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26
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Dai Perrard XY, Lian Z, Bobotas G, Dicklin MR, Maki KC, Wu H. Effects of n-3 fatty acid treatment on monocyte phenotypes in humans with hypertriglyceridemia. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 11:1361-1371. [PMID: 28942094 PMCID: PMC5698114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertriglyceridemia increases risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and may contribute to atherosclerosis by changing circulating monocyte phenotypes. High-dose n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce blood triglyceride levels. Effects of triglyceride-lowering therapy on monocyte phenotypes are not well known. OBJECTIVE We examined effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid treatments (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] plus docosapentaenoic acid [MAT9001] vs EPA ethyl esters [EPA-EE]) on monocyte phenotypes in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia. METHODS Individuals with triglycerides 200 to 400 mg/dL were recruited. Subjects received 2 treatments in randomized order for 14 days each: MAT9001 and EPA-EE, at 4 g/d. At 2 days before the start of, and on the last day of, each treatment, nile red staining for lipids and phenotypes of each monocyte subset were examined by flow cytometry after an overnight fast and postprandially after a high-fat meal. RESULTS Treatment with MAT9001 or EPA-EE reduced fasting triglyceride levels and decreased proportions of intermediate monocytes. Only MAT9001 decreased postprandial blood triglyceride levels, lowered fasting nile red levels, indicating less lipid in classical and intermediate monocytes, and reduced postprandial CD11c levels on nonclassical monocytes. MAT9001 and EPA-EE each reduced fasting and postprandial CD11c and CD36 levels on classical and intermediate monocytes and postprandial CCR5 levels on intermediate and nonclassical monocytes, with no significant differences between the 2 treatments. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with MAT9001 in individuals with hypertriglyceridemia reduced fasting nile red staining for lipids in classical and intermediate monocytes. MAT9001 and EPA-EE each improved fasting and postprandial monocyte phenotypes, which could potentially help to protect against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeqin Lian
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Mary R Dicklin
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA
| | - Kevin C Maki
- Midwest Biomedical Research/Center for Metabolic and Cardiovascular Health, Glen Ellyn, IL, USA
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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27
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Leng S, Picchi MA, Tesfaigzi Y, Wu G, Gauderman WJ, Xu F, Gilliland FD, Belinsky SA. Dietary nutrients associated with preservation of lung function in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white smokers from New Mexico. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:3171-3181. [PMID: 29133979 PMCID: PMC5669789 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s142237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background COPD is the third leading cause of death in the United States. Cigarette smoking accelerates the age-related forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline, an important determinant for the genesis of COPD. Hispanic smokers have lower COPD prevalence and FEV1 decline than non-Hispanic whites (NHWs). Patients and methods A nutritional epidemiological study was conducted in the Lovelace Smokers cohort (LSC; n=1,829) and the Veterans Smokers cohort (n=508) to identify dietary nutrients (n=139) associated with average FEV1 and its decline and to assess whether nutrient intakes could explain ethnic disparity in FEV1 decline between Hispanics and NHW smokers. Results Nutrients discovered and replicated to be significantly associated with better average FEV1 included magnesium, folate, niacin, vitamins A and D, eicosenoic fatty acid (20:1n9), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n3), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA; 22:5n3), docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), and fiber. In addition, greater intakes of eicosenoic fatty acid and DPA were associated with slower FEV1 decline in the LSC. Among omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, DPA is the most potent nutrient associated with better average FEV1 and slower FEV1 decline. Adverse effect of continuous current smoking on FEV1 decline was completely negated in LSC members with high DPA intake (>20 mg/day). Slower FEV1 decline in Hispanics compared to NHWs may be due to the greater protection of eicosenoic fatty acid and DPA for FEV1 decline rather than greater intake of protective nutrients in this ethnic group. Conclusion The protective nutrients for the preservation of FEV1 in ever smokers could lay foundation for designing individualized nutritional intervention targeting “optimal physiological levels” in human to improve lung function in ever smokers. Ethnic disparity in FEV1 decline may be explained by difference in magnitude of protection of dietary intakes of eicosenoic fatty acid and DPA between Hispanics and NHWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuguang Leng
- The Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute.,Cancer Control Research Program, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Maria A Picchi
- The Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
| | | | - Guodong Wu
- The Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
| | - W James Gauderman
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Fadi Xu
- Pathophysiology Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute
| | - Frank D Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Steven A Belinsky
- The Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute.,Cancer Control Research Program, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center.,Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Program, University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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28
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Vahmani P, Rolland D, McAllister T, Block H, Proctor S, Guan L, Prieto N, López-Campos Ó, Aalhus J, Dugan M. Effects of feeding steers extruded flaxseed on its own before hay or mixed with hay on animal performance, carcass quality, and meat and hamburger fatty acid composition. Meat Sci 2017; 131:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Wetzl V, Tiede SL, Faerber L, Weissmann N, Schermuly RT, Ghofrani HA, Gall H. Plasma MMP2/TIMP4 Ratio at Follow-up Assessment Predicts Disease Progression of Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Lung 2017; 195:489-496. [PMID: 28516393 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-017-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) are of particular interest in the remodeling processes of pulmonary hypertension. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP/TIMP ratios of selected biomarkers (MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, TIMP4) at follow-up examination (V2) and their prognostic value in patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (iPAH). METHODS Blood samples were taken from iPAH patients during right heart catheterization at diagnosis (V1, from 2003 to 2012) and first follow-up examination (V2). MMP2, MMP9, TIMP1, and TIMP4 plasma levels at V2 were determined by ELISA. Coincident with sample collection hemodynamic, laboratory, and clinical parameters were acquired. Additionally, death and clinical worsening (CW) events were listed until July 2015. RESULTS MMP2/TIMP1 and MMP9/TIMP1 did not correlate with hemodynamic and clinical parameters. MMP2/TIMP4 showed a good correlation with mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), pulmonary vascular resistance, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and tricuspid annular plain systolic excursion (TAPSE). MMP9/TIMP4 shows good correlation with mPAP and eGFR. MMP2/TIMP4 showed significant results in the receiver operating characteristics analysis predicting death (AUC = 0.922; p = 0.005) and CW event (AUC = 0.818; p = 0.026). Patients above the cut-off values had a significantly higher probability to die or experience CW, respectively, estimated by log-rank test (p = 0.010 for death; p = 0.032 for CW). CONCLUSIONS MMP2/TIMP4 ratio was detected as a marker of disease severity and right ventricular function as well as a predictor for survival and time to clinical worsening and therefore might help for guidance of disease progression in iPAH patients at V2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Wetzl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Svenja Lena Tiede
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Lothar Faerber
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph Theo Schermuly
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Hossein Ardeschir Ghofrani
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Henning Gall
- University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany.
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30
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Kronberg SL, Scholljegerdes EJ, Maddock RJ, Barceló-Coblijn G, Murphy EJ. Rump and shoulder muscles from grass and linseed fed cattle as important sources of n-3 fatty acids for beef consumers. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert J. Maddock
- Department of Animal Sciences; North Dakota State University; Fargo ND USA
| | | | - Eric J. Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of North Dakota; Grand Forks ND USA
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Pediatric Heart Failure, Lagging, and Sagging of Care in Low Income Settings: A Hospital Based Review of Cases in Ethiopia. Cardiol Res Pract 2016; 2016:7147234. [PMID: 27974990 PMCID: PMC5128707 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7147234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Causes of acute heart failure in children range from simple myocarditis complicating chest infection to complex structural heart diseases. Objective. To describe patterns, predictors of mortality, and management outcomes of acute heart failure in children. Methods. In retrospective review, between February 2012 and October 2015 at a tertiary center, 106 admitted cases were selected consecutively from discharge records. Data were extracted from patients chart and analyzed using SPSS software package. t-test and statistical significance at P value < 0.05 with 95% CI were used. Result. Acute heart failure accounted for 2.9% of the total pediatric admissions. The age ranged from 2 months up to 14 years with mean age of 8 years. Male to female ratio is 1 : 2.1. Rheumatic heart disease accounted for 53.7%; pneumonia, anemia, infective endocarditis, and recurrence of acute rheumatic fever were the main precipitating causes. Death occurred in 19% of cases. Younger age at presentation, low hemoglobin concentration, and undernutrition were associated with death with P value of 0.00, 0.01, and 0.02, respectively. Conclusions and Recommendation. Pediatric heart failure in our settings is diagnosed mainly in older age groups and mostly precipitated due to preventable causes. Significant mortality is observed in relation to factors that can be preventable in children with underlying structural heart disease. Early suspicion and diagnosis of cases may reduce the observed high mortality.
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32
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Novel n-3 PUFA monoacylglycerides of pharmacological and medicinal interest: Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 792:70-77. [PMID: 27818127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Newly-synthesized, eicosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-EPA), docosahexaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DHA) and docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) have been demonstrated to display beneficial effects in several disorders including chronic airway inflammatory diseases, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, and lung and colorectal adenocarcinoma. Recent evidence reveals that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) precursors provide a window to explore the pathobiology of inflammatory disease as well as structural templates for the design of novel pro-resolving precursors that are well absorbed by the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and metabolized into bioactive metabolites. These metabolites are found in blood circulation and tissues thereby mediating numerous immuno-modulatory effects through the activation of specific receptors. Bioactive metabolites regulate cell membrane functions, lipid signaling and gene expressions encoding for enzymes responsible for lipid storage and fatty acid metabolism. This review highlights recent experimental findings regarding n-3 PUFA monoacylglyceride research, as well as the pharmacological and medicinal relevance of these stereospecific derivatives in the resolution of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Khaddaj-Mallat R, Hiram R, Sirois C, Sirois M, Rizcallah E, Marouan S, Morin C, Rousseau É. MAG-DPA curbs inflammatory biomarkers and pharmacological reactivity in cytokine-triggered hyperresponsive airway models. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2016; 4:e00263. [PMID: 28097001 PMCID: PMC5226286 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchial inflammation contributes to a sustained elevation of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma. Conversely, omega-3 fatty acid derivatives have been shown to resolve inflammation in various tissues. Thus, the effects of docosapentaenoic acid monoacylglyceride (MAG-DPA) were assessed on inflammatory markers and reactivity of human distal bronchi as well as in a cultured model of guinea pig tracheal rings. Human bronchi were dissected and cultured for 48 h with 10 ng/mL TNF-α or IL-13. Guinea pig tracheas were maintained in organ culture for 72 h which was previously shown to trigger spontaneous AHR. All tissues were treated with increasing concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.1, 0.3, and 1 μmol/L). Pharmacomechanical reactivity, Ca2+ sensitivity, and western blot analysis for specific phosphoproteins and transcription factors were performed to assess the effects of both cytokines, alone or in combination with MAG-DPA, on human and guinea pig airway preparations. Although 0.1 μmol/L MAG-DPA did not significantly reduce inflammatory biomarkers, the higher concentrations of MAG-DPA (0.3 and 1 μmol/L) blunted the activation of the TNF-α/NF κB pathway and abolished COX-2 expression in human and guinea pig tissues. Moreover, 0.3 and 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA consistently decreased the Ca2+ sensitivity and pharmacological reactivity of cultured bronchial explants. Furthermore, in human bronchi, IL-13-stimulated phosphorylation of CPI-17 was reversed by 1 μmol/L MAG-DPA. This effect was further amplified in the presence of 100 μmol/L aspirin. MAG-DPA mediates antiphlogistic effects by increasing the resolution of inflammation, while resetting Ca2+ sensitivity and contractile reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayan Khaddaj-Mallat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Roddy Hiram
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Chantal Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Marco Sirois
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Service of Thoracic Surgery Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Edmond Rizcallah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Pathology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Caroline Morin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
| | - Éric Rousseau
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology Université de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke QC J1H 5N4 Canada
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Baicalin Attenuates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension to Improve Hypoxic Cor Pulmonale by Reducing the Activity of the p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway and MMP-9. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:2546402. [PMID: 27688788 PMCID: PMC5023842 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2546402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has a protective effect on hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats, but the mechanism of this effect remains unclear. Thus, investigating the potential mechanism of this effect was the aim of the present study. Model rats that display hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale under control conditions were successfully generated. We measured a series of indicators to observe the levels of pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary arteriole remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling. We assessed the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the pulmonary arteriole walls and pulmonary tissue homogenates using immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, respectively. The matrix metalloproteinase- (MMP-) 9 protein and mRNA levels in the pulmonary arteriole walls were measured using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. Our results demonstrated that baicalin not only reduced p38 MAPK activation in both the pulmonary arteriole walls and tissue homogenates but also downregulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of MMP-9 in the pulmonary arteriole walls. This downregulation was accompanied by the attenuation of pulmonary hypertension, arteriole remodeling, and right ventricular remodeling. These results suggest that baicalin may attenuate pulmonary hypertension and cor pulmonale, which are induced by chronic hypoxia, by downregulating the p38 MAPK/MMP-9 pathway.
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35
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Shaikh SR, Fessler MB, Gowdy KM. Role for phospholipid acyl chains and cholesterol in pulmonary infections and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:985-997. [PMID: 27286794 PMCID: PMC5069085 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4vmr0316-103r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Review on how complex mixtures of bioactive lipids and cholesterol may influence the pulmonary immune response during infection. Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections result in millions of deaths worldwide and are currently the leading cause of death from infection. Acute inflammation is an essential element of host defense against infection, but can be damaging to the host when left unchecked. Effective host defense requires multiple lipid mediators, which collectively have proinflammatory and/or proresolving effects on the lung. During pulmonary infections, phospholipid acyl chains and cholesterol can be chemically and enzymatically oxidized, as well as truncated and modified, producing complex mixtures of bioactive lipids. We review recent evidence that phospholipids and cholesterol and their derivatives regulate pulmonary innate and adaptive immunity during infection. We first highlight data that oxidized phospholipids generated in the lung during infection stimulate pattern recognition receptors, such as TLRs and scavenger receptors, thereby amplifying the pulmonary inflammatory response. Next, we discuss evidence that oxidation of endogenous pools of cholesterol during pulmonary infections produces oxysterols that also modify the function of both innate and adaptive immune cells. Last, we conclude with data that n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, both in the form of phospholipid acyl chains and through enzymatic processing into endogenous proresolving lipid mediators, aid in the resolution of lung inflammation through distinct mechanisms. Unraveling the complex mechanisms of induction and function of distinct classes of bioactive lipids, both native and modified, may hold promise for developing new therapeutic strategies for improving pulmonary outcomes in response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saame Raza Shaikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina Heart Institute, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University (ECU), Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael B Fessler
- Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NIEHS/NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA;
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Morin C, Blier PU, Fortin S. MAG-EPA reduces severity of DSS-induced colitis in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 310:G808-21. [PMID: 27012773 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00136.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the intestinal mucosa of the large bowel. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid supplementation has been associated with a decreased production of inflammatory cytokines involved in UC pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the preventive and therapeutic potential of eicosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride (MAG-EPA) in an in vivo rats model of UC induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). DSS rats were untreated or treated per os with MAG-EPA. Morphological, histological, and biochemical analyses were performed following MAG-EPA administrations. Morphological and histological analyses revealed that MAG-EPA pretreatment (12 days pre-DSS) and treatment (6 days post-DSS) exhibited strong activity in reducing severity of disease in DSS rats. Following MAG-EPA administrations, tissue levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were markedly lower compared with rats treated only with DSS. MAG-EPA per os administration decrease neutrophil infiltration in colon tissues, as depicted by myelohyperoxidase activity. Results also revealed a reduced activation of NF-κB pathways correlated with a decreased expression of COX-2 in colon homogenates derived from MAG-EPA-pretreated and treated rats. Tension measurements performed on colon tissues revealed that contractile responses to methacholine and relaxing effect induced by sodium nitroprusside were largely increased following MAG-EPA treatment. The combined treatment of MAG-EPA and vitamin E displayed an antagonistic effect on anti-inflammatory properties of MAG-EPA in DSS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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Kaur G, Guo XF, Sinclair AJ. Short update on docosapentaenoic acid: a bioactive long-chain n-3 fatty acid. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2016; 19:88-91. [PMID: 26808265 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) is a long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid that is intermediary between eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the n-3 synthesis pathway. DPA is part of our normal diet through fish and lean red meat. In recent years, DPA has received increasing attention as an important bioactive fatty acid in light of its potential beneficial health effects, which include anti-inflammatory actions, antiplatelet aggregation, and improved plasma lipid prolife. This review provides a short summary of the most recent research on DPA. RECENT FINDINGS In this review, we report on the latest association data as well as data generated from in-vitro and in-vivo studies on DPA and cardiovascular health, mental health, inflammation, and cancer. We also report on the newly identified DPA metabolites and their effects on exacerbation of inflammation in animal models. SUMMARY Although there is a growing body of evidence supporting DPA's role as an important bioactive fatty acid, there is a need for more 'cause and effect studies', clinical trials and studies which can reveal whether DPA plays separate roles to those identified for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunveen Kaur
- aCentre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (CPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia bDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China cSchool of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong dDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia eDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Huang WC, Ke MW, Cheng CC, Chiou SH, Wann SR, Shu CW, Chiou KR, Tseng CJ, Pan HW, Mar GY, Liu CP. Therapeutic Benefits of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0142476. [PMID: 26840075 PMCID: PMC4740504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by progressive increases in vascular resistance and the remodeling of pulmonary arteries. The accumulation of inflammatory cells in the lung and elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines in the bloodstream suggest that inflammation may play a role in PAH. In this study, the benefits of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and iPSC-conditioned medium (iPSC CM) were explored in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rats. We demonstrated that both iPSCs and iPSC CM significantly reduced the right ventricular systolic pressure and ameliorated the hypertrophy of the right ventricle in MCT-induced PAH rats in models of both disease prevention and disease reversal. In the prevention of MCT-induced PAH, iPSC-based therapy led to the decreased accumulation of inflammatory cells and down-regulated the expression of the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12α, IL-12β, IL-23 and IFNγ genes in lung specimens, which implied that iPSC-based therapy may be involved in the regulation of inflammation. NF-κB signaling is essential to the inflammatory cascade, which is activated via the phosphorylation of the NF-κB molecule. Using the chemical inhibitor specifically blocked the phosphorylation of NF-κB, and in vitro assays of cultured human M1 macrophages implied that the anti-inflammation effect of iPSC-based therapy may contribute to the disturbance of NF-κB activation. Here, we showed that iPSC-based therapy could restore the hemodynamic function of right ventricle with benefits for preventing the ongoing inflammation in the lungs of MCT-induced PAH rats by regulating NF-κB phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Huang
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Wei Ke
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chang Cheng
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Therapy, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Education and Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shue-Ren Wann
- Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (SRW); (CPL)
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Rau Chiou
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jiunn Tseng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Pan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Guang-Yuan Mar
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Peng Liu
- Cardiovascular Medical Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (SRW); (CPL)
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Narin N, Ozyurt A, Sunkak S, Baykan A, Argun M, Pamukcu O, Uzum K. Pulmonary arterial wall thickness in Eisenmenger Syndrome: Prospective, cross-sectional, controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:1253-61. [PMID: 26110269 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of current study is to investigate echocardiographic pulmonary artery wall thickness (PAWT) association with angiocardiography, echocardiography, and biochemical findings and to demonstrate its predictive role in morbidity of disease. METHOD Nineteen patients with Eisenmenger Syndrome (ES) (13 females; a mean age of 12.0 ± 4.1 [min-max 4-17] years) and 24 (16 females; a mean age of 12.1 ± 4.3 [min-max 3-18 years]) healthy subjects as a control group were included in this prospective, cross-sectional, controlled clinical study between December, 2012 and December, 2013. PAWT were measured at the end of systole at the distal site of pulmonary valves at the parasternal short-axis. PAWT was compared with morbidity criteria of the disease such as functional class, pulmonary vascular resistance. RESULTS PAWT was higher in the patient group (P = 0.005) together with pulmonary arterial diameter (Z-score, P < 0.001), vena cava inferior diameter (P = 0.002), and right ventricular wall thickness (RVWT), while TAPSE was significantly lower (P = 0.002). PAWT was strongly positively correlated to RVWT (r = 0.893, P < 0.001) and moderate negatively correlated to TAPSE (r = 0.597; P < 0.011). CONCLUSION PAWT can be used as an additional parameter with other echocardiographic parameters in the follow-up of Eisenmenger Syndrome in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmi Narin
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Ozyurt
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Sunkak
- Department of Pediatrics, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ali Baykan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Argun
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ozge Pamukcu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kazim Uzum
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey
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Semen K, Yelisyeyeva O, Jarocka-Karpowicz I, Kaminskyy D, Solovey L, Skrzydlewska E, Yavorskyi O. Sildenafil reduces signs of oxidative stress in pulmonary arterial hypertension: Evaluation by fatty acid composition, level of hydroxynonenal and heart rate variability. Redox Biol 2015; 7:48-57. [PMID: 26654977 PMCID: PMC4683386 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare multifactorial disease with an unfavorable prognosis. Sildenafil therapy can improve functional capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics in PAH patients. Nowadays, it is increasingly recognized that the effects of sildenafil are pleiotropic and may also involve changes of the pro-/antioxidant balance, lipid peroxidation and autonomic control. In present study we aimed to assess the effects of sildenafil on the fatty acids (FAs) status, level of hydroxynonenal (HNE) and heart rate variability (HRV) in PAH patients. Patients with PAH were characterized by an increase in HNE and changes in the FAs composition with elevation of linoleic, oleic, docosahexanoic acids in phospholipids as well as reduced HRV with sympathetic predominance. Sildenafil therapy improved exercise capacity and pulmonary hemodynamics and reduced NT-proBNP level in PAH. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of sildenafil were noted from the significant lowering of HNE level and reduction of the phopholipid derived oleic, linoleic, docosahexanoic, docosapentanoic FAs. That was also associated with some improvement of HRV on account of the activation of the neurohumoral regulatory component. Incomplete recovery of the functional metabolic disorders in PAH patients may be assumed from the persistent increase in free FAs, reduced HRV with the sympathetic predominance in the spectral structure after treatment comparing to control group. The possibilities to improve PAH treatment efficacy through mild stimulation of free radical reactions and formation of hormetic reaction in the context of improved NO signaling are discussed. Sildenafil showed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in pulmonary hypertension. Sildenafil reduced hydroxynonenal level and improved fatty acid profile in serum. Improvement of heart rate variability and functional capacity was noted after therapy. Mild prooxidant activity is suggested as the mechanism to improve sildenafil efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khrystyna Semen
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Olha Yelisyeyeva
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine.
| | - Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskego 1, 15089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Danylo Kaminskyy
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic, and Bioorganic Chemistry, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Lyubomyr Solovey
- Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital, Chernigivska 7, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Elzbieta Skrzydlewska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, Jana Kilinskego 1, 15089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ostap Yavorskyi
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Medicine #2, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Pekarska 69, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine
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Weylandt KH. Docosapentaenoic acid derived metabolites and mediators - The new world of lipid mediator medicine in a nutshell. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 785:108-115. [PMID: 26546723 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the description and elucidation of a new class of anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators. The arachidonic acid (AA)-derived compounds in this class are called lipoxins and have been described in great detail since their discovery thirty years ago. The new players are mediators derived from fish oil omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), called resolvins, protectins and maresins. Taken together, these mediators are also called specialized pro-resolution mediators (SPMs). As compared to the AA/EPA/DHA-derived compounds, research regarding mediators formed from the n-3 and n-6 docosapentaenoic acids (DPAn-3 and DPAn-6) is sparse. However, mono- di- and trihydroxy derivates of the DPAs have anti-inflammatory properties as well, even though mechanisms of their anti-inflammatory action have not been fully elucidated. This review aims to summarize current knowledge regarding the DPA-derived SPMs and their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten-H Weylandt
- Medical Department, Division of Hepatology and Gastroenterology (including Metabolic Diseases), Charité University Medicine, Campus Virchow Hospital, Berlin, Germany; Lipid Clinic, Experimental and Clinical Research Centre (ECRC), Charité University Medicine and Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
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Hiram R, Rizcallah E, Marouan S, Sirois C, Sirois M, Morin C, Fortin S, Rousseau E. Resolvin E1 normalizes contractility, Ca2+ sensitivity and smooth muscle cell migration rate in TNF-α- and IL-6-pretreated human pulmonary arteries. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L776-88. [DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00177.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare disease in which pathophysiology is characterized by an increase in proinflammatory mediators, chronic endothelial dysfunctions, and a high migration rate of smooth muscle cells (SMC). Over the course of the last decade, various treatments have been proposed to relax the pulmonary arteries, none of which have been effective in resolving PH. Our hypothesis is that artery-relaxing drugs are not the long-term solution, but rather the inhibition of tissue inflammation, which underlies human pulmonary artery (HPA) dysfunctions that lead to abnormal vasoconstriction. The goal of the present study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of resolvin E1 (RvE1) with concomitant effects on SMC migration and on HPA reactivity. The role and mode of action of RvE1 and its precursor, monoacylglyceride eicosapentaenoic acid were assessed on HPA under proinflammatory conditions, involving a combined pretreatment with 10 ng/ml TNF-α and 10 ng/ml IL-6. Our results show that TNF-α and IL-6 treatment induced hyperreactivity and Ca2+ hypersensitivity in response to pharmaco-mechanical stimuli, including 80 mM KCl, 1 μM phorbol 12–13-dibutyrate, and 30 nM U-46619. Furthermore, the proinflammatory treatment increased the migration rate of SMC isolated from HPA. The phosphorylation level of regulatory contractile proteins (CPI-17, MYPT-1), and proinflammatory signaling pathways (c-Fos, c-Jun, NF-κB) were also significantly increased compared with control conditions. Conversely, 300 nM RvE1 was able to normalize all of the above abnormal events triggered by proinflammation. In conclusion, RvE1 can resolve human arterial hyperreactivity via the resolution of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roddy Hiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edmond Rizcallah
- Department of Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sofia Marouan
- Department of Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Sirois
- Service of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Marco Sirois
- Service of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Caroline Morin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Eric Rousseau
- Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Maternal PUFA ω-3 Supplementation Prevents Neonatal Lung Injuries Induced by Hyperoxia in Newborn Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:22081-93. [PMID: 26389878 PMCID: PMC4613298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160922081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is one of the most common complications of prematurity, occurring in 30% of very low birth weight infants. The benefits of dietary intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids ω-3 (PUFA ω-3) during pregnancy or the perinatal period have been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation on lung injuries in newborn rats exposed to prolonged hyperoxia. Pregnant female Wistar rats (n = 14) were fed a control diet (n = 2), a PUFA ω-6 diet (n = 6), or a PUFA ω-3 diet (n = 6), starting with the 14th gestation day. At Day 1, female and newborn rats (10 per female) were exposed to hyperoxia (O2, n = 70) or to the ambient air (Air, n = 70). Six groups of newborns rats were obtained: PUFA ω-6/O2 (n = 30), PUFA ω-6/air (n = 30), PUFA ω-3/O2 (n = 30), PUFA ω-3/air (n = 30), control/O2 (n = 10), and control/air (n = 10). After 10 days, lungs were removed for analysis of alveolarization and pulmonary vascular development. Survival rate was 100%. Hyperoxia reduced alveolarization and increased pulmonary vascular wall thickness in both control (n = 20) and PUFA ω-6 groups (n = 60). Maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation prevented the decrease in alveolarization caused by hyperoxia (n = 30) compared to PUFA ω-6/O2 (n = 30) or to the control/O2 (n = 10), but did not significantly increase the thickness of the lung vascular wall. Therefore, maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation may protect newborn rats from lung injuries induced by hyperoxia. In clinical settings, maternal PUFA ω-3 supplementation during pregnancy and during lactation may prevent BPD development after premature birth.
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Morin C, Rousseau E, Blier PU, Fortin S. Effect of docosahexaenoic acid monoacylglyceride on systemic hypertension and cardiovascular dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H93-H102. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00823.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
ω-3 Fatty acid supplementation has been associated with lower blood pressure. Cardiovascular diseases are also known to be linked directly to an increase in ω-6 and a reduction in ω-3 fatty acid levels in blood circulation and tissues. To determine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid monoglycerides (MAG-DHA) on blood pressure, lipid profiles, and vascular remodeling in rats fed a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) diet. Studies were performed in male rats subjected to 8 wk of HFHC diet supplemented or not with 3 g/day MAG-DHA. After 8 wk of daily MAG-DHA treatment, rats in the HFHC + MAG-DHA group had lower arterial blood pressure and heart rate compared with the HFHC group. Moreover, MAG-DHA prevented the increase aortic wall thickness, whereas lipid analysis of aortic tissues revealed an increase in DHA/AA ratio correlated with the production of resolvin D2 and D3 metabolites. Histological analysis revealed that MAG-DHA prevented the development of LVH in the HFHC group. Serum lipid profile analysis further showed a decrease in total cholesterol (TC) and LDL, including very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and triglyceride (TG) levels, together with an increase in HDL levels after 8 wk of MAG-DHA treatment compared with the HFHC group. Furthermore, daily MAG-DHA treatment resulted in reduced proinflammatory marker levels such as CRP, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-1β. Altogether, these findings revealed that per os administration of MAG-DHA prevents HFHC-diet induced hypertension and LVH in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, Sainte-Luce, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eric Rousseau
- Department of Obstetric Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada, and
| | - Pierre U. Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, Sainte-Luce, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, Quebec, Canada
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Morin C, Blier PU, Fortin S. Eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid monoglycerides are more potent than docosahexaenoic acid monoglyceride to resolve inflammation in a rheumatoid arthritis model. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:142. [PMID: 26022389 PMCID: PMC4624173 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the joints and bones. Omega-3 (ω3) fatty acid supplementation has been associated with a decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and eicosanoids involved in RA pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of ω3 monoglyceride (MAG-ω3) compounds in an in vivo rat model of RA induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA). METHOD CFA rats were untreated or treated per os with three specific compounds, namely, MAG-docosahexaenoic acid (MAG-DHA), MAG-eicosapentaenoic acid (MAG-EPA) and MAG-docosapentaenoic acid (MAG-DPA). Morphological and histological analyses, as well as pro-inflammatory marker levels were determined following MAG-ω3 treatments. RESULTS Morphological and histological analyses revealed that MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA exhibited strong activity in reducing the progression and severity of arthritic disease in CFA rats. Following MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA treatments, plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines; interleukin 17A (IL-17A), IL-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were markedly lower when compared to CFA-untreated rats. Results also revealed a decreased activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) pathways correlated with a reduced expression of TNFα, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 in paw homogenates derived from MAG-EPA and MAG-DPA-treated rats. Of interest, the combined treatment of MAG-EPA and vitamin E displayed an antagonistic effect on anti-inflammatory properties of MAG-EPA in CFA rats. CONCLUSION Altogether, the present data suggest that MAG-EPA, without vitamin E, represents a new potential therapeutic strategy for resolving inflammation in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Morin
- SCF Pharma, 235, route du Fleuve Ouest, Ste-Luce, QC, G0K 1P0, Canada. .,Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada.
| | - Pierre U Blier
- Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
| | - Samuel Fortin
- SCF Pharma, 235, route du Fleuve Ouest, Ste-Luce, QC, G0K 1P0, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada.
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Byelashov OA, Sinclair AJ, Kaur G. Dietary sources, current intakes, and nutritional role of omega-3 docosapentaenoic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 27:79-82. [PMID: 26097290 PMCID: PMC4467567 DOI: 10.1002/lite.201500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fish oils and long-chain omega-3 fatty acids are well recognized for their critical role in human diets. Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22 : 5n-3) has always been a part of healthy nutrition, since infants obtain almost as much DPA as DHA from human milk. Fish oil supplements and ingredients, oily fish, and grass-fed beef can serve as the primary DPA sources for the general population. Although the DPA levels in fish oils are substantially lower than those of EPA and DHA, concentrated DPA products are now becoming commercially available, and DPA-based drugs are under development. Epidemiological studies show that similar to eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20 : 5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22 : 6n-3) acids, DPA is linked to various improvements in human health, perhaps owing to its structural similarity to the other two molecules. Studies in mammals, platelets, and cell cultures have demonstrated that DPA reduces platelet aggregation, and improves lipid metabolism, endothelial cell migration, and resolution of chronic inflammation. Further, other in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that DPA can improve neural health. A human supplementation trial with 99.8% pure DPA suggested that it serves as a storage depot for EPA and DHA in the human body. Future randomized controlled human trials with purified DPA will help clarify its effects on human health. They may confirm the available evidence pointing to its nutritional and biological functions, unique or overlapping with those of EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gunveen Kaur
- Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research (CPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University Victoria, Australia
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Hiram R, Rizcallah E, Sirois C, Sirois M, Morin C, Fortin S, Rousseau E. Resolvin D1 reverses reactivity and Ca2+ sensitivity induced by ET-1, TNF-α, and IL-6 in the human pulmonary artery. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 307:H1547-58. [PMID: 25281570 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00452.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare and progressive disease characterized by an inflammatory status and vessel wall remodeling, resulting in increased pulmonary artery resistance. During the last decade, treatments have been proposed; most of them target the endothelial pathways that stimulate smooth muscle cell relaxation. However, PH remains associated with significant morbidity. We hypothesized that inflammation plays a crucial role in the severity of the abnormal vasoconstriction in PH. The goal of this study was to assess the effects of resolvin D1 (RvD1), a potent anti-inflammatory agent, on the pharmacological reactivity of human pulmonary arteries (HPAs) via an in vitro model of induced hyperreactivity. The effects of RvD1 and monoacylglyceride compounds were measured on contractile activity and Ca(2+) sensitivity developed by HPAs that had been pretreated (or not) under proinflammatory conditions with either 10 ng/ml TNF-α or 10 ng/ml IL-6 or under hyperreactive conditions with 5 nM endothelin-1. The results demonstrated that, compared with controls, 24-h pretreatment with TNF-α, IL-6, or endothelin-1 increased reactivity and Ca(2+) sensitivity of HPAs as revealed by agonist challenges with 80 mM KCl, 1 μM serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), 30 nM U-46619, and 1 μM phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. However, 300 nM RvD1 as well as 1 μM monoacylglyceride-docosapentaenoic acid monoglyceride strongly reversed the overresponsiveness induced by both proinflammatory and hyperreactive treatments. In pretreated pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, Western blot analyses revealed that RvD1 treatment decreased the phosphorylation level of CPI-17 and expression of transmembrane protein member 16A while increasing the detection of G protein-coupled receptor 32. The present data demonstrate that RvD1, a trihydroxylated docosahexaenoic acid derivative, decreases induced overreactivity in HPAs via a reduction in CPI-17 phosphorylation and transmembrane protein member 16A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roddy Hiram
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edmond Rizcallah
- Department of Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chantal Sirois
- Service of Thoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Marco Sirois
- Service of Thoracic Surgery Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Caroline Morin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada; SCF Pharma, Ste-Luce, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Eric Rousseau
- Department of Pathology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada;
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