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Tanaka LY, Kumar S, Gutierre LF, Magnun C, Kajihara D, Kang DW, Laurindo FRM, Jo H. Disturbed flow regulates protein disulfide isomerase A1 expression via microRNA-204. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1327794. [PMID: 38638277 PMCID: PMC11024637 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1327794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox processes can modulate vascular pathophysiology. The endoplasmic reticulum redox chaperone protein disulfide isomerase A1 (PDIA1) is overexpressed during vascular proliferative diseases, regulating thrombus formation, endoplasmic reticulum stress adaptation, and structural remodeling. However, both protective and deleterious vascular effects have been reported for PDIA1, depending on the cell type and underlying vascular condition. Further understanding of this question is hampered by the poorly studied mechanisms underlying PDIA1 expression regulation. Here, we showed that PDIA1 mRNA and protein levels were upregulated (average 5-fold) in the intima and media/adventitia following partial carotid ligation (PCL). Our search identified that miR-204-5p and miR-211-5p (miR-204/211), two broadly conserved miRNAs, share PDIA1 as a potential target. MiR-204/211 was downregulated in vascular layers following PCL. In isolated endothelial cells, gain-of-function experiments of miR-204 with miR mimic decreased PDIA1 mRNA while having negligible effects on markers of endothelial activation/stress response. Similar effects were observed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Furthermore, PDIA1 downregulation by miR-204 decreased levels of the VSMC contractile differentiation markers. In addition, PDIA1 overexpression prevented VSMC dedifferentiation by miR-204. Collectively, we report a new mechanism for PDIA1 regulation through miR-204 and identify its relevance in a model of vascular disease playing a role in VSMC differentiation. This mechanism may be regulated in distinct stages of atherosclerosis and provide a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Y. Tanaka
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lucas F. Gutierre
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Magnun
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Vural MG, Temel HY, Turunc E, Akdemir R, Tatli E, Agac MT. Transcoronary Gradients of Mechanosensitive MicroRNAs as Predictors of Collateral Development in Chronic Total Occlusion. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:590. [PMID: 38674237 PMCID: PMC11052456 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: In this present study, we investigated the impact of mechanosensitive microRNAs (mechano-miRs) on the collateral development in 126 chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients, selected from 810 undergoing angiography. Materials and Methods: We quantified the collateral blood supply using the collateral flow index (CFI) and assessed the transcoronary mechano-miR gradients. Results: The patients with favorable collaterals had higher CFI values (0.45 ± 0.02) than those with poor collaterals (0.38 ± 0.03, p < 0.001). Significant differences in transcoronary gradients were found for miR-10a, miR-19a, miR-21, miR-23b, miR-26a, miR-92a, miR-126, miR-130a, miR-663, and let7d (p < 0.05). miR-26a and miR-21 showed strong positive correlations with the CFI (r = 0.715 and r = 0.663, respectively), while let7d and miR-663 were negatively correlated (r = -0.684 and r = -0.604, respectively). The correlations between cytokine gradients and mechano-miR gradients were also significant, including Transforming Growth Factor Beta with miR-126 (r = 0.673, p < 0.001) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor with miR-10a (r = 0.602, p = 0.002). A regression analysis highlighted the hemoglobin level, smoking, beta-blocker use, miR-26a, and miR-663 as significant CFI determinants, indicating their roles in modulating the collateral vessel development. Conclusions: These findings suggest mechanosensitive microRNAs as predictive biomarkers for collateral circulation, offering new therapeutic perspectives for CTO patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Gökhan Vural
- Department of Cardiology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Ankara 06230, Turkey
| | - Hulya Yilmaz Temel
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, Bornova 35040, Turkey;
| | - Ezgi Turunc
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey;
| | - Ramazan Akdemir
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey; (R.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Ersan Tatli
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey; (R.A.); (M.T.A.)
| | - Mustafa Tarik Agac
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey; (R.A.); (M.T.A.)
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3
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Goligorsky MS. Permissive role of vascular endothelium in fibrosis: focus on the kidney. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C712-C723. [PMID: 38223932 PMCID: PMC11193458 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00526.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis, the morphologic end-result of a plethora of chronic conditions and the scorch for organ function, has been thoroughly investigated. One aspect of its development and progression, namely the permissive role of vascular endothelium, has been overshadowed by studies into (myo)fibroblasts and TGF-β; thus, it is the subject of the present review. It has been established that tensile forces of the extracellular matrix acting on cells are a prerequisite for mechanochemical coupling, leading to liberation of TGF-β and formation of myofibroblasts. Increased tensile forces are prompted by elevated vascular permeability in response to diverse stressors, resulting in the exudation of fibronectin, fibrinogen/fibrin, and other proteins, all stiffening the extracellular matrix. These processes lead to the development of endothelial cells dysfunction, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, premature senescence of endothelial cells, perturbation of blood flow, and gradual obliteration of microvasculature, leaving behind "string" vessels. The resulting microvascular rarefaction is not only a constant companion of fibrosis but also an adjunct mechanism of its progression. The deepening knowledge of the above chain of pathogenetic events involving endothelial cells, namely increased permeability-stiffening of the matrix-endothelial dysfunction-microvascular rarefaction-tissue fibrosis, may provide a roadmap for therapeutic interventions deemed to curtail and reverse fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Goligorsky
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Touro University, Valhalla, New York, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, New York Medical College, Touro University, Valhalla, New York, United States
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Touro University, Valhalla, New York, United States
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4
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Parsamanesh N, Poudineh M, Siami H, Butler AE, Almahmeed W, Sahebkar A. RNA interference-based therapies for atherosclerosis: Recent advances and future prospects. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 204:1-43. [PMID: 38458734 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis represents a pathological state that affects the arterial system of the organism. This chronic, progressive condition is typified by the accumulation of atheroma within arterial walls. Modulation of RNA molecules through RNA-based therapies has expanded the range of therapeutic options available for neurodegenerative diseases, infectious diseases, cancer, and, more recently, cardiovascular disease (CVD). Presently, microRNAs and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are the most widely employed therapeutic strategies for targeting RNA molecules, and for regulating gene expression and protein production. Nevertheless, for these agents to be developed into effective medications, various obstacles must be overcome, including inadequate binding affinity, instability, challenges of delivering to the tissues, immunogenicity, and off-target toxicity. In this comprehensive review, we discuss in detail the current state of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Parsamanesh
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Poudineh
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Haleh Siami
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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5
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Deng Z, Li L. Effect of miR-663 on atherosclerosis by regulating the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in lipid plaques. Vascular 2023; 31:1240-1252. [PMID: 35599617 DOI: 10.1177/17085381221098826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atherosclerosis (AS) is the main cause of coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, and peripheral vascular disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) are widely distributed in the human body and closely related to the pathological progress of AS. This study probed into the function of miR-663 in AS. METHODS The atherosclerotic plaques, cholesterol (CHOL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), inflammatory factors, and miR-663 expression in ApoE-/- mice on high-fat diet were evaluated. The overexpressing miR-663 adenovirus was injected into ApoE-/- mice, followed by measurement of type III collagen (Col III), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, α-SMA, osteopontin, and CD31. miR-663 mimic or inhibitor was introduced into vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL), and cell proliferation and IL-6 and IL-18 secretion were evaluated. The binding relationship between miR-663 and HMGA2 was verified, followed by the determination of HMGA2 role in VSMC proliferation. RESULTS Atherosclerotic plaques appeared in ApoE-/- mice on high-fat diet, with increased CHOL, LDL, osteopontin, MMP-2 and Col III and decreased miR-663, α-SMA and CD31. miR-663 overexpression downregulated osteopontin, MMP-2 and Col III and upregulated α-SMA and CD31 in ApoE-/- mice on high-fat diet. With Ox-LDL concentration increase, VSMC proliferation was promoted and miR-663 was downregulated. miR-663 overexpression inhibited proliferation of Ox-LDL-stimulated VSMCs and reduced levels of inflammatory factor levels, whereas silencing miR-663 did the opposite. miR-663 targeted HMGA2. HMGA2 overexpression partially reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-663 overexpression on VSMC proliferation. CONCLUSION miR-663 targeted HMGA2 to inhibit VSMC proliferation and AS development, which may offer insights into AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisheng Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanchang Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Nanchang Hospital Sun Yat-Sen University (The First Hospital of Nanchang), Nanchang, China
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6
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Tamargo IA, Baek KI, Kim Y, Park C, Jo H. Flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells in atherosclerosis. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:738-753. [PMID: 37225873 PMCID: PMC10206587 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases such as myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and peripheral artery disease continue to be leading causes of death worldwide despite the success of treatments with cholesterol-lowering drugs and drug-eluting stents, raising the need to identify additional therapeutic targets. Interestingly, atherosclerosis preferentially develops in curved and branching arterial regions, where endothelial cells are exposed to disturbed blood flow with characteristic low-magnitude oscillatory shear stress. By contrast, straight arterial regions exposed to stable flow, which is associated with high-magnitude, unidirectional shear stress, are relatively well protected from the disease through shear-dependent, atheroprotective endothelial cell responses. Flow potently regulates structural, functional, transcriptomic, epigenomic and metabolic changes in endothelial cells through mechanosensors and mechanosignal transduction pathways. A study using single-cell RNA sequencing and chromatin accessibility analysis in a mouse model of flow-induced atherosclerosis demonstrated that disturbed flow reprogrammes arterial endothelial cells in situ from healthy phenotypes to diseased ones characterized by endothelial inflammation, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, endothelial-to-immune cell-like transition and metabolic changes. In this Review, we discuss this emerging concept of disturbed-flow-induced reprogramming of endothelial cells (FIRE) as a potential pro-atherogenic mechanism. Defining the flow-induced mechanisms through which endothelial cells are reprogrammed to promote atherosclerosis is a crucial area of research that could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets to combat the high prevalence of atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Tamargo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kyung In Baek
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yerin Kim
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Christian Park
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Mao JT, Xue B, Lu QY, Lundmark L, Burns W, Yang J, Lee RP, Glass J, Qualls C, Massie L. Combinations of grape seed procyanidin extract and milk thistle silymarin extract against lung cancer - The role of MiR-663a and FHIT. Life Sci 2023; 318:121492. [PMID: 36775115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSE), and milk thistle silymarin extract (MTE) contain structurally distinct polyphenols, and each agent has been shown to exert antineoplastic effects against lung cancer. We hypothesize that combinations of GSE and MTE will additively enhance their anticancer effects against lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-proliferative effects of GSE, MTE and combinations were evaluated in lung neoplastic cell lines. A dose range finding (DRF) study to determine safety, bioavailability and bioactivity, followed by human lung cancer xenograft efficacy studies were conducted in female nude mice with once daily gavage of leucoselect phytosome (LP), a standardized GSE, and/or siliphos, a standardized MTE. The roles of tumor suppressors miR-663a and its predicted target FHIT in mediating the additive, anti-proliferative effecs of GSE/MTE were also assessed. KEY FINDINGS GSE with MTE additively inhibited lung preneoplastic and cancer cell proliferations. Mice tolerated all dosing regimens in the DRF study without signs of clinical toxicity nor histologic abnormalities in the lungs, livers and kidneys. Eight weeks of LP and siliphos additively inhibited lung tumor xenograft growth. Plasma GSE/metabolites and MTE/metabolites showed that the combinations did not decrease systemic bioavailabilities of each agent. GSE and MTE additively upregulated miR-663a and FHIT in lung cancer cell lines; transfection of antisense-miR-663a significantly abrogated the anti-proliferative effects of GSE/MTE, upregulation of FHIT mRNA and protein. LP and siliphos also additively increased miR-663a and FHIT protein in lung tumor xenografts. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings support clinical translations of combinations of GSE and MTE against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny T Mao
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America; Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, Veterans Administration San Diego Healthcare System, University of California San Diego, United states of America.
| | - Bingye Xue
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Section, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Qing-Yi Lu
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Laurie Lundmark
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Windie Burns
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Jieping Yang
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Ru-Po Lee
- UCLA Center for Human Nutrition, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Glass
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Clifford Qualls
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
| | - Larry Massie
- Pathology and Clinical Laboratory Services, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, University of New Mexico, United states of America
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Davis MJ, Earley S, Li YS, Chien S. Vascular mechanotransduction. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:1247-1421. [PMID: 36603156 PMCID: PMC9942936 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00053.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to survey the current state of mechanotransduction in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs), including their sensing of mechanical stimuli and transduction of mechanical signals that result in the acute functional modulation and longer-term transcriptomic and epigenetic regulation of blood vessels. The mechanosensors discussed include ion channels, plasma membrane-associated structures and receptors, and junction proteins. The mechanosignaling pathways presented include the cytoskeleton, integrins, extracellular matrix, and intracellular signaling molecules. These are followed by discussions on mechanical regulation of transcriptome and epigenetics, relevance of mechanotransduction to health and disease, and interactions between VSMCs and ECs. Throughout this review, we offer suggestions for specific topics that require further understanding. In the closing section on conclusions and perspectives, we summarize what is known and point out the need to treat the vasculature as a system, including not only VSMCs and ECs but also the extracellular matrix and other types of cells such as resident macrophages and pericytes, so that we can fully understand the physiology and pathophysiology of the blood vessel as a whole, thus enhancing the comprehension, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Scott Earley
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada
| | - Yi-Shuan Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shu Chien
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
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9
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Effects of shear stress on vascular endothelial functions in atherosclerosis and potential therapeutic approaches. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114198. [PMID: 36916427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Different blood flow patterns in the arteries can alter the adaptive phenotype of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), thereby affecting the functions of ECs and are directly associated with the occurrence of lesions in the early stages of atherosclerosis (AS). Atherosclerotic plaques are commonly found at curved or bifurcated arteries, where the blood flow pattern is dominated by oscillating shear stress (OSS). OSS can induce ECs to transform into pro-inflammatory phenotypes, increase cellular inflammation, oxidative stress response, mitochondrial dysfunction, metabolic abnormalities and endothelial permeability, thereby promoting the progression of AS. On the other hand, the straight artery has a stable laminar shear stress (LSS), which promotes the transformation of ECs into an anti-inflammatory phenotype, improves endothelial cell function, thereby inhibits atherosclerotic progression. ECs have the ability to actively sense, integrate, and convert mechanical stimuli by shear stress into biochemical signals that further induces intracellular changes (such as the opening and closing of ion channels, activation and transcription of signaling pathways). Here we not only outline the relationship between functions of vascular ECs and different forms of fluid shear stress in AS, but also aim to provide new solutions for potential atherosclerotic therapies targeting intracellular mechanical transductions.
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10
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Mone P, Lombardi A, Kansakar U, Varzideh F, Jankauskas SS, Pansini A, Marzocco S, De Gennaro S, Famiglietti M, Macina G, Frullone S, Santulli G. Empagliflozin Improves the MicroRNA Signature of Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction and Diabetes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:116-122. [PMID: 36549862 PMCID: PMC9827502 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.001251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction represents a key mechanism underlying heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), diabetes mellitus (DM), and frailty. However, reliable biomarkers to monitor endothelial dysfunction in these patients are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the expression of a panel of circulating microRNAs (miRs) involved in the regulation of endothelial function in a population of frail older adults with HFpEF and DM treated for 3 months with empagliflozin, metformin, or insulin. We identified a distinctive pattern of miRs that were significantly regulated in HFpEF patients compared to healthy controls and to HFpEF patients treated with the sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor empagliflozin. Three miRs were significantly downregulated (miR-126, miR-342-3p, and miR-638) and two were significantly upregulated (miR-21 and miR-92) in HFpEF patients compared to healthy controls. Strikingly, two of these miRs (miR-21 and miR-92) were significantly reduced in HFpEF patients after the 3-month treatment with empagliflozin, whereas no significant differences in the profile of endothelial miRs were detected in patients treated with metformin or insulin. Taken together, our findings demonstrate for the first time that specific circulating miRs involved in the regulation of endothelial function are significantly regulated in frail HFpEF patients with DM and in response to SGLT2 inhibition. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We have identified a novel microRNA signature functionally involved in the regulation of endothelial function that is significantly regulated in frail patients with HFpEF and diabetes. Moreover, the treatment with the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin caused a modification of some of these microRNAs in a direction that was opposite to what observed in HFpEF patients, indicating a rescue of endothelial function. Our findings are relevant for clinical practice inasmuch as we were able to establish novel biomarkers of disease and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Mone
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Fahimeh Varzideh
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Stanislovas S Jankauskas
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Antonella Pansini
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Stefania Marzocco
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Stefano De Gennaro
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Michele Famiglietti
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Gaetano Macina
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Salvatore Frullone
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism (FIDAM), Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (P.M., A.L., U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.); Azienda Sanitaria Locale (ASL) Avellino, Avellino, Italy (P.M., A.P., S.D.G., M.F., G.M., S.F.); University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy (S.M.); International Translational Research and Medical Education Consortium (ITME) and Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, "Federico II" University, Naples, Italy (G.S.); and Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Institute for Neuroimmunology and Inflammation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, New York (U.K., F.V., S.S.J., G.S.)
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11
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Expression Profiles and Functional Analysis of Plasma Exosomal Circular RNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3458227. [PMID: 36221294 PMCID: PMC9547997 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3458227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common cardiovascular disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality globally. The dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been shown to be closely related to various pathological aspects of AMI. However, the function of exosomal circRNAs in AMI has yet to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression profiles of plasma exosomal circRNAs in AMI and explore their potential functionality. The expression profiles of plasma exosomal circRNAs in patients with AMI, stable coronary heart atherosclerotic disease (CAD), and healthy controls were obtained from a GEO expression dataset (GSE159657). We also analyzed bioinformatics functionality, potential pathways, and interaction networks related to the microRNAs associated with the differentially expressed circRNAs. A total of 253 exosomal circRNAs (184 up- and 69 down-regulated) and 182 exosomal circRNAs (94 up- and 88 down-regulated) were identified as being differentially expressed between the control group and the AMI and CAD patients, respectively. Compared with the CAD group, 231 different exosomal circRNAs (177 up- and 54 down-regulated) were identified in the AMI group. Functional analysis suggested that the parental genes of exosomal has_circ_0061776 were significantly enriched in the biological process of lysine degradation. Pathway interaction network analysis further indicated that exosomal has_circ_0061776 was associated with has-miR-133a, has-miR-214, has-miR-423, and has-miR-217 and may play a role in the pathogenesis of AMI through the MAPK signaling pathway. This study identified the differential expression and functionality of exosomal circRNAs in AMI and provided further understanding of the potential pathogenesis of an exosomal circRNA-related competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in AMI.
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12
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de Graaf MNS, Vivas A, van der Meer AD, Mummery CL, Orlova VV. Pressure-Driven Perfusion System to Control, Multiplex and Recirculate Cell Culture Medium for Organs-on-Chips. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13081359. [PMID: 36014281 PMCID: PMC9416133 DOI: 10.3390/mi13081359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-chip (OoC) devices are increasingly used to mimic the tissue microenvironment of cells in intact organs. This includes microchannels to mimic, for example, fluidic flow through blood vessels. Present methods for controlling microfluidic flow in these systems rely on gravity, rocker systems or external pressure pumps. For many purposes, pressure pumps give the most consistent flow profiles, but they are not well-suited for high throughput as might be required for testing drug responses. Here, we describe a method which allows for multiplexing of microfluidic channels in OoC devices plus the accompanying custom software necessary to run the system. Moreover, we show the approach is also suitable for recirculation of culture medium, an essential cost consideration when expensive culture reagents are used and are not "spent" through uptake by the cells during transient unidirectional flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mees N. S. de Graaf
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Aisen Vivas
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
- BIOS Lab on a Chip Group, MESA+ Center for Nanotechnology, Technical Medical Centre, Max Planck Institute for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D. van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L. Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V. Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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13
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Abstract
Mechanical variables such as stiffness, stress, strain, and fluid shear stress are central to tissue functions, thus, must be maintained within the proper range. Mechanics are especially important in the cardiovascular system and lung, the functions of which are essentially mechanical. Mechanical homeostasis is characterized by negative feedback in which deviations from the optimal value or set point activates mechanisms to return the system to the correct range. In chronic diseases, homeostatic mechanisms are generally overcome or replaced with positive feedback loops that promote disease progression. Recent work has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) are essential to mechanical homeostasis in a number of biological systems and that perturbations to miRNA biogenesis play key roles in cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. In this review, we integrate current knowledge of miRNAs in mechanical homeostasis and how these mechanisms are altered in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Herrera
- The Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center and Departments of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), Cell Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven 06511, Connecticut, USA
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14
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Upscaling human mesenchymal stromal cell production in a novel vertical-wheel bioreactor enhances extracellular vesicle secretion and cargo profile. Bioact Mater 2022; 25:732-747. [PMID: 37056276 PMCID: PMC10087597 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) are mechanically sensitive undergoing phenotypic alterations when subjected to shear stress, cell aggregation, and substrate changes encountered in 3D dynamic bioreactor cultures. However, little is known about how bioreactor microenvironment affects the secretion and cargo profiles of hMSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) including the subset, "exosomes", which contain therapeutic proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids from the parent cells. In this study, bone marrow-derived hMSCs were expanded on 3D Synthemax II microcarriers in the PBS mini 0.1L Vertical-Wheel bioreactor system under variable shear stress levels at 25, 40, and 64 RPM (0.1-0.3 dyn/cm2). The bioreactor system promotes EV secretion from hMSCs by 2.5-fold and upregulates the expression of EV biogenesis markers and glycolysis genes compared to the static 2D culture. The microRNA cargo was also altered in the EVs from bioreactor culture including the upregulation of miR-10, 19a, 19b, 21, 132, and 377. EV protein cargo was characterized by proteomics analysis, showing upregulation of metabolic, autophagy and ROS-related proteins comparing with 2D cultured EVs. In addition, the scalability of the Vertical-Wheel bioreactor system was demonstrated in a 0.5L bioreactor, showing similar or better hMSC-EV secretion and cargo content compared to the 0.1L bioreactor. This study advances our understanding of bio-manufacturing of stem cell-derived EVs for applications in cell-free therapy towards treating neurological disorders such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis.
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15
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He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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16
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Far-Infrared Therapy Decreases Orthotopic Allograft Transplantation Vasculopathy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051089. [PMID: 35625826 PMCID: PMC9139124 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic allograft transplantation (OAT) is a major strategy for solid heart and kidney failure. However, the recipient’s immunity-induced chronic rejection induces OAT vasculopathy that results in donor organ failure. With the exception of immunosuppressive agents, there are currently no specific means to inhibit the occurrence of OAT vasculopathy. On the other hand, far-infrared (FIR) therapy uses low-power electromagnetic waves given by FIR, with a wavelength of 3–25 μm, to improve human physiological functions. Previous studies have shown that FIR therapy can effectively inhibit inflammation. It has also been widely used in adjuvant therapy for various clinical diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases, in recent years. Thus, we used this study to explore the feasibility of FIR in preventing OAT vasculopathy. In this study, the model of transplantation of an aorta graft from PVG/Seac rat to ACI/NKyo rat, and in vitro model of human endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) was used. In this report, we presented that FIR therapy decreased the serious of vasculopathy in OAT-recipient ACI/NKyo rats via inhibiting proliferation of smooth muscle cells, accumulation of collagen, and infiltration of fibroblast in the vessel wall; humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were decreased in the spleen. The production of inflammatory proteins/cytokines also decreased in the plasma. Additionally, FIR therapy presented higher mobilization and circulating EPC levels associated with vessel repair in OAT-recipient ACI/NKyo rats. In vitro studies demonstrated that the underlying mechanisms of FIR therapy inhibiting OAT vasculopathy may be associated with the inhibition of the Smad2-Slug axis endothelial mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Thus, FIR therapy may be the strategy to prevent chronic rejection-induced vasculopathy.
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17
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De Rosa S, Iaconetti C, Eyileten C, Yasuda M, Albanese M, Polimeni A, Sabatino J, Sorrentino S, Postula M, Indolfi C. Flow-Responsive Noncoding RNAs in the Vascular System: Basic Mechanisms for the Clinician. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11020459. [PMID: 35054151 PMCID: PMC8777617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11020459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular system is largely exposed to the effect of changing flow conditions. Vascular cells can sense flow and its changes. Flow sensing is of pivotal importance for vascular remodeling. In fact, it influences the development and progression of atherosclerosis, controls its location and has a major influx on the development of local complications. Despite its importance, the research community has traditionally paid scarce attention to studying the association between different flow conditions and vascular biology. More recently, a growing body of evidence has been accumulating, revealing that ncRNAs play a key role in the modulation of several biological processes linking flow-sensing to vascular pathophysiology. This review summarizes the most relevant evidence on ncRNAs that are directly or indirectly responsive to flow conditions to the benefit of the clinician, with a focus on the underpinning mechanisms and their potential application as disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore De Rosa
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.I.)
| | - Claudio Iaconetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (C.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Masakazu Yasuda
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Michele Albanese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Alberto Polimeni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Jolanda Sabatino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sabato Sorrentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology CePT, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (C.E.); (M.P.)
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.I.); (M.Y.); (M.A.); (A.P.); (J.S.); (S.S.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.D.R.); (C.I.)
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18
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Williams D, Mahmoud M, Liu R, Andueza A, Kumar S, Kang DW, Zhang J, Tamargo I, Villa-Roel N, Baek KI, Lee H, An Y, Zhang L, Tate EW, Bagchi P, Pohl J, Mosnier LO, Diamandis EP, Mihara K, Hollenberg MD, Dai Z, Jo H. Stable flow-induced expression of KLK10 inhibits endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis. eLife 2022; 11:e72579. [PMID: 35014606 PMCID: PMC8806187 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow (d-flow), while regions exposed to stable flow (s-flow) are protected. The proatherogenic and atheroprotective effects of d-flow and s-flow are mediated in part by the global changes in endothelial cell (EC) gene expression, which regulates endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Previously, we identified kallikrein-related peptidase 10 (Klk10, a secreted serine protease) as a flow-sensitive gene in mouse arterial ECs, but its role in endothelial biology and atherosclerosis was unknown. Here, we show that KLK10 is upregulated under s-flow conditions and downregulated under d-flow conditions using in vivo mouse models and in vitro studies with cultured ECs. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) and scATAC sequencing (scATACseq) study using the partial carotid ligation mouse model showed flow-regulated Klk10 expression at the epigenomic and transcription levels. Functionally, KLK10 protected against d-flow-induced permeability dysfunction and inflammation in human artery ECs, as determined by NFκB activation, expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intracellular adhesion molecule 1, and monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, treatment of mice in vivo with rKLK10 decreased arterial endothelial inflammation in d-flow regions. Additionally, rKLK10 injection or ultrasound-mediated transfection of Klk10-expressing plasmids inhibited atherosclerosis in Apoe-/- mice. Moreover, KLK10 expression was significantly reduced in human coronary arteries with advanced atherosclerotic plaques compared to those with less severe plaques. KLK10 is a flow-sensitive endothelial protein that serves as an anti-inflammatory, barrier-protective, and anti-atherogenic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Williams
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Marwa Mahmoud
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Renfa Liu
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Aitor Andueza
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Ian Tamargo
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | - Kyung-In Baek
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
| | | | | | - Leran Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
| | - Jan Pohl
- Biotechnology Core Facility Branch, Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaUnited States
| | - Laurent O Mosnier
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research InstituteSan DiegoUnited States
| | | | - Koichiro Mihara
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Morley D Hollenberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaUnited States
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
- Department of Medicine, Emory UniversityAtlantaUnited States
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19
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Li P, Song J, Du H, Lu Y, Dong S, Zhou S, Guo Z, Wu H, Zhao X, Qin Y, Zhu N. MicroRNA-663 prevents monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension by targeting TGF-β1/smad2/3 signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 161:9-22. [PMID: 34339758 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pulmonary vascular remodeling due to excessive growth factor production and pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation is the hallmark feature of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Recent studies suggest that miR-663 is a potent modulator for tumorigenesis and atherosclerosis. However, whether miR-663 involves in pulmonary vascular remodeling is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS By using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that miR-663 was highly expressed in normal human PASMCs. In contrast, circulating level of miR-663 dramatically reduced in PAH patients. In addition, in situ hybridization showed that expression of miR-663 was decreased in pulmonary vasculature of PAH patients. Furthermore, MTT and cell scratch-wound assay showed that transfection of miR-663 mimics significantly inhibited platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced PASMCs proliferation and migration, while knockdown of miR-663 expression enhanced these effects. Mechanistically, dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-663 directly targets the 3'UTR of TGF-β1. Moreover, western blots and ELISA results showed that miR-663 decreased PDGF-induced TGF-β1 expression and secretion, which in turn suppressed the downstream smad2/3 phosphorylation and collagen I expression. Finally, intratracheal instillation of adeno-miR-663 efficiently inhibited the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH rat models. CONCLUSION These results indicate that miR-663 is a potential biomarker for PAH. MiR-663 decreases PDGF-BB-induced PASMCs proliferation and prevents pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy in MCT-PAH by targeting TGF-β1/smad2/3 signaling. These findings suggest that miR-663 may represent as an attractive approach for the diagnosis and treatment for PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingwen Song
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - He Du
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuwen Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shaohua Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhifu Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yongwen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
| | - Ni Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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20
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Dole NS, Yoon J, Monteiro DA, Yang J, Mazur CM, Kaya S, Belair CD, Alliston T. Mechanosensitive miR-100 coordinates TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes during fluid shear stress. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21883. [PMID: 34569659 PMCID: PMC9153140 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Organism scale mechanical forces elicit cellular scale changes through coordinated regulation of multiple signaling pathways. The mechanisms by which cells integrate signaling to generate a unified biological response remains a major question in mechanobiology. For example, the mechanosensitive response of bone and other tissues requires coordinated signaling by the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and Wnt pathways through mechanisms that are not well‐defined. Here we report a new microRNA‐dependent mechanism that mediates mechanosensitive crosstalk between TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS). From 60 mechanosensitive microRNA (miRs) identified by small‐RNAseq, miR100 expression is suppressed by in vivo hindlimb loading in the murine tibia and by cellular scale FSS in OCY454 cells. Though FSS activates both TGFβ and Wnt signaling in osteocytes, only TGFβ represses miR‐100 expression. miR‐100, in turn, antagonizes Wnt signaling by targeting and inhibiting expression of Frizzled receptors (FZD5/FZD8). Accordingly, miR‐100 inhibition blunts FSS‐ and TGFβ‐inducible Wnt signaling. Therefore, our results identify FSS‐responsive miRNAs in osteocytes, including one that integrates the mechanosensitive function of two essential signaling pathways in the osteoanabolic response of bone to mechanical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha S Dole
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jihee Yoon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David A Monteiro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason Yang
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Courtney M Mazur
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Serra Kaya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cassandra D Belair
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tamara Alliston
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Inflammatory Mechanisms Contributing to Endothelial Dysfunction. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070781. [PMID: 34356845 PMCID: PMC8301477 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of endothelial cell integrity is an important component of human health and disease since the endothelium can perform various functions including regulation of vascular tone, control of hemostasis and thrombosis, cellular adhesion, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vascular inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is encompassed by complex pathophysiology that is based on endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and endothelial activation following stimulation from various inflammatory mediators (molecular patterns, oxidized lipoproteins, cytokines). The downstream signaling via nuclear factor-κB leads to overexpression of adhesion molecules, selectins, and chemokines that facilitate leukocyte adhesion, rolling, and transmigration to the subendothelial space. Moreover, oscillatory shear stress leads to pro-inflammatory endothelial activation with increased monocyte adhesion and endothelial cell apoptosis, an effect that is dependent on multiple pathways and flow-sensitive microRNA regulation. Moreover, the role of neutrophil extracellular traps and NLRP3 inflammasome as inflammatory mechanisms contributing to endothelial dysfunction has recently been unveiled and is under further investigation. Consequently, and following their activation, injured endothelial cells release inflammatory mediators and enter a pro-thrombotic state through activation of coagulation pathways, downregulation of thrombomodulin, and an increase in platelet adhesion and aggregation owing to the action of von-Willebrand factor, ultimately promoting atherosclerosis progression.
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22
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Cross talk between endothelial and red blood cell glycocalyces via near-field flow. Biophys J 2021; 120:3180-3191. [PMID: 34197803 PMCID: PMC8392098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells and circulating red blood cell (RBC) surfaces are both covered by a layer of bushy glycocalyx. The interplay between these glycocalyx layers is hardly measurable and insufficiently understood. This study aims to investigate and qualify the possible interactions between the glycocalyces of RBCs and endothelial cells using mathematical modeling and numerical simulation. Dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations are conducted to investigate the response of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG) to varying ambient conditions. A two-compartment model including EG and flow and a three-compartment model comprising EG, RBC glycocalyx, and flow are established. The two-compartment analysis shows that a relatively fast flow is associated with a predominantly bending motion of the EG, whereas oscillatory motions are predominant in a relatively slow flow. Results show that circulating RBCs cause the contactless deformation of EG. Its deformation is dependent on the chain layout, chain length, bending stiffness, RBC-to-EG distance, and RBC velocities. Specifically, shorter EG chains or RBC-to-EG distance leads to greater relative deflections of EG. Deformation of EG is enhanced when the EG chains are rarefied or RBCs move faster. The bending stiffness maintains stretching conformation of EG. Moreover, a compact EG chain layout and shedding EG chains disturb the neighboring flow field, causing disordered flow velocity distributions. In contrast, the movement of EG chains on RBC surfaces exerts a marginal driving force on RBCs. The DPD method is used for the first time, to our knowledge, in the three-compartment system to explore the cross talk between EG and RBC glycocalyx. This study suggests that RBCs drive the EG deformation via the near-field flow, whereas marginal propulsion of RBCs by the EG is observed. These new, to our knowledge, findings provide a new angle to understand the roles of glycocalyx in mechanotransduction and microvascular permeability and their perturbations under idealized pathophysiologic conditions associated with EG degradation.
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23
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Sansonetti M, De Windt LJ. Non-coding RNAs in cardiac inflammation: key drivers in the pathophysiology of heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:2058-2073. [PMID: 34097013 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is among the most progressive diseases and a leading cause of morbidity. Despite several advances in cardiovascular therapies, pharmacological treatments are limited to relieve symptoms without curing cardiac injury. Multiple observations point to the involvement of immune cells as key drivers in the pathophysiology of heart failure. In particular, there is a growing recognition that heart failure is related to a prolonged and insufficiently repressed inflammatory response leading to molecular, cellular, and functional cardiac alterations. Over the last decades, non-coding RNAs are recognized as prominent mediators of the cardiac inflammation, affecting the function of several immune cells. In the current review, we explore the contribution of the diverse immune cells in the progression of heart failure, revealing mechanistic functions for non-coding RNAs in cardiac immune cells as a new and exciting field of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J De Windt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering; Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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24
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Foo YY, Motakis E, Tiang Z, Shen S, Lai JKH, Chan WX, Wiputra H, Chen N, Chen CK, Winkler C, Foo RSY, Yap CH. Effects of extended pharmacological disruption of zebrafish embryonic heart biomechanical environment on cardiac function, morphology, and gene expression. Dev Dyn 2021; 250:1759-1777. [PMID: 34056790 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomechanical stimuli are known to be important to cardiac development, but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we pharmacologically disrupted the biomechanical environment of wild-type zebrafish embryonic hearts for an extended duration and investigated the consequent effects on cardiac function, morphological development, and gene expression. RESULTS Myocardial contractility was significantly diminished or abolished in zebrafish embryonic hearts treated for 72 hours from 2 dpf with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM). Image-based flow simulations showed that flow wall shear stresses were abolished or significantly reduced with high oscillatory shear indices. At 5 dpf, after removal of BDM, treated embryonic hearts were maldeveloped, having disrupted cardiac looping, smaller ventricles, and poor cardiac function (lower ejected flow, bulboventricular regurgitation, lower contractility, and slower heart rate). RNA sequencing of cardiomyocytes of treated hearts revealed 922 significantly up-regulated genes and 1,698 significantly down-regulated genes. RNA analysis and subsequent qPCR and histology validation suggested that biomechanical disruption led to an up-regulation of inflammatory and apoptotic genes and down-regulation of ECM remodeling and ECM-receptor interaction genes. Biomechanics disruption also prevented the formation of ventricular trabeculation along with notch1 and erbb4a down-regulation. CONCLUSIONS Extended disruption of biomechanical stimuli caused maldevelopment, and potential genes responsible for this are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoke Yin Foo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Efthymios Motakis
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zenia Tiang
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuhao Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason Kuan Han Lai
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Xuan Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hadi Wiputra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nanguang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ching Kit Chen
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Roger Sik Yin Foo
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Hwai Yap
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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25
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Wang WL, Chen LJ, Wei SY, Shih YT, Huang YH, Lee PL, Lee CI, Wang MC, Lee DY, Chien S, Chiu JJ. Mechanoresponsive Smad5 Enhances MiR-487a Processing to Promote Vascular Endothelial Proliferation in Response to Disturbed Flow. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:647714. [PMID: 33959608 PMCID: PMC8093806 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.647714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) and bone morphogenetic protein receptor-specific Smads are mechano-responsive molecules that play vital roles in modulating endothelial cell (EC) functions in response to blood flow. However, the roles of interplay between these molecules in modulating EC functions under flows remain unclear. We elucidated the regulatory roles of the interplay between miR-487a and Smad5 in EC proliferation in response to different flow patterns. Microarray and quantitative RT-PCR showed that disturbed flow with low and oscillatory shear stress (OS, 0.5 ± 4 dynes/cm2) upregulates EC miR-487a in comparison to static controls and pulsatile shear stress (12 ± 4 dynes/cm2). MiR-487a expression was higher in ECs in the inner curvature (OS region) than the outer curvature of the rat aortic arch and thoracic aorta and also elevated in diseased human coronary arteries. MiR-487a expression was promoted by nuclear phospho-Smad5, which bound to primary-miR-487a to facilitate miR-487a processing. Algorithm prediction and luciferase reporter and argonaute 2-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that miR-487a binds to 3'UTR of CREB binding protein (CBP) and p53. Knockdown and overexpression of miR-487a decreased and increased, respectively, phospho-Rb and cyclin A expressions through CBP and p53. A BrdU incorporation assay showed that miR-487a enhanced EC proliferation under OS in vitro and in disturbed flow regions of experimentally stenosed rat abdominal aorta in vivo. These results demonstrate that disturbed flow with OS induces EC expression of miR-487a through its enhanced processing by activated-Smad5. MiR-487 inhibits its direct targets CBP and p53 to induce EC cycle progression and proliferation. Our findings suggest that EC miR-487 may serve as an important molecular target for intervention against disturbed flow-associated vascular disorders resulting from atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jing Chen
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Shu-Yi Wei
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tsung Shih
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Huang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lin Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Chih-I Lee
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Cun Wang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Yu Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu Chien
- Departments of Bioengineering and Medicine and Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan.,School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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26
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Wang G, Chen L, Jian W, Fang L. Low Expression of miR-663a Indicates Poor Prognosis and Promotes Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion in Breast Cancer. Oncol Res Treat 2021; 44:1-8. [PMID: 33550299 DOI: 10.1159/000513405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers among women worldwide. MicroRNA-663a (miR-663a) acts as a tumor suppressor gene involved in the development of various cancers. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to reveal the clinical significance and biological function of miR-663a in breast cancer. METHODS The expression of miR-663a in breast cancer tissues and cells was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the prognostic significance of miR-663a in breast cancer. CCK-8 and Transwell assays were used to demonstrate the effect of miR-663a on breast cancer cell function. RESULTS We confirmed that the expression of miR-663a was significantly downregulated in breast cancer tissue samples and cell lines. Low miR-663a expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis, TNM stage, subtypes, and poor survival in breast cancer patients, indicating that miR-663a is an independent prognostic factor for patients with breast cancer. Cell function experiments revealed that low miR-663a expression promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS All experimental results demonstrated that miR-663a acts as a tumor suppressor that inhibits the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells, and miR-663a may be a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jian
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China,
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27
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Kalani M, Hodjati H, Ghoddusi Johari H, Doroudchi M. Memory T cells of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm differentially expressed micro RNAs 21, 92a, 146a, 155, 326 and 663 in response to Helicobacter pylori and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Mol Immunol 2020; 130:77-84. [PMID: 33246580 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regarding the role of micro RNAs (miRNA) in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells as well as the controversy around the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), the effects of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (La) were investigated in the induction of miRNAs and apoptosis in CD4+ memory T (Tem) cells of AAA patients and controls. Signature atherosclerosis miRNAs 21, 92a, 146a, 155, 326 and 663 were measured in the sera and tissues of AAA patients and control. PBMCs separately and in co-culture with HUVEC were treated with Hp-water-extract (HpWE) and La-conditioned-medium (LaCM). Apoptosis and miRNA levels were assessed in the isolated Tem by flowcytometry and real-time-PCR. In single-culture, HpWE increased apoptosis and miR-155 and LaCM decreased apoptosis and increased miR-21. In co-culture, apoptosis decreased in both groups in response to CagA+HpWE. Also, all miRNAs increased in patients Tem but in controls, only miR- 146a and 21 showed changes. Although, apoptosis was similar in Tem of patients and controls, the effects of Hp and La were different on the induction of apoptosis and miRNAs and also these bacteria showed different impacts in single and co-culture conditions. Beyond the direct effects of these bacteria on the pathogenesis of diseases, their effects on miRNAs expression may shed light on their roles in the development and the prevention of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Kalani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Hodjati
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamed Ghoddusi Johari
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Doroudchi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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28
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Hosen MR, Goody PR, Zietzer A, Nickenig G, Jansen F. MicroRNAs As Master Regulators of Atherosclerosis: From Pathogenesis to Novel Therapeutic Options. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 33:621-644. [PMID: 32408755 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence indicates that atherosclerosis and its sequelae, coronary artery disease, contribute to the majority of cardiovascular deaths. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries in which atherosclerotic plaques form within the vessel wall. Epidemiological studies have identified various risk factors for atherosclerosis, such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, genetic predisposition, and sedentary lifestyle. Recent Advances: Through the advancement of genetic manipulation techniques and their use in cardiovascular biology, it was shown that small RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), are dynamic regulators of disease pathogenesis. They are considered to be central during the regulation of gene expression through numerous mechanisms and provide a means to develop biomarkers and therapeutic tools for the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerosis. Circulating miRNAs encapsulated within membrane-surrounded vesicles, which originate from diverse subcellular compartments, are now emerging as novel regulators of intercellular communication. The miRNAs, in both freely circulating and vesicle-bound forms, represent a valuable tool for diagnosing and monitoring CVD, recently termed as "liquid biopsy." Critical Issues: However, despite the recent advancements in miRNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics, understanding how miRNAs can regulate atherosclerosis is still crucial to achieving an effective intervention and reducing the disease burden. Future Directions: We provide a landscape of the current developmental progression of RNA therapeutics as a holistic approach for treating CVD in different animal models and clinical trials. Future interrogations are warranted for the development of miRNA-based therapeutics to overcome challenges for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Rabiul Hosen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Philip Roger Goody
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zietzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Georg Nickenig
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felix Jansen
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Molecular Cardiology, Heart Center Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms University Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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29
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Ait-Aissa K, Nguyen QM, Gabani M, Kassan A, Kumar S, Choi SK, Gonzalez AA, Khataei T, Sahyoun AM, Chen C, Kassan M. MicroRNAs and obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction: key paradigms in molecular therapy. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2020; 19:136. [PMID: 32907629 PMCID: PMC7488343 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-020-01107-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular health. Obesity is a global epidemic that has seen dramatic increases in both adult and pediatric populations. Obesity perturbs the integrity of normal endothelium, leading to endothelial dysfunction which predisposes the patient to cardiovascular diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that play important roles in a variety of cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and stress response; their alteration contributes to the development of many pathologies including obesity. Mediators of obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction include altered endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), oxidative stress, autophagy machinery and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. All of these factors have been shown to be either directly or indirectly caused by gene regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of the therapeutic potential of miRNAs to treat obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction. This may lead to the identification of new targets for interventions that may prevent or delay the development of obesity-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Ait-Aissa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
| | - Quynh My Nguyen
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Mohanad Gabani
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam Kassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Coast University, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Soo-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Alexis A Gonzalez
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia, Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tahsin Khataei
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Amal M Sahyoun
- Department of Food Science and Agriculture Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of emergency and Critical Care, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Modar Kassan
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, and Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Horváth M, Horváthová V, Hájek P, Štěchovský C, Honěk J, Šenolt L, Veselka J. MicroRNA-331 and microRNA-151-3p as biomarkers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5845. [PMID: 32246100 PMCID: PMC7125297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62835-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to analyse plasma levels of peripheral blood microRNAs (miRs) as biomarkers of ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to type-1 myocardial infarction as a model situation of vulnerable plaque (VP) rupture. Samples of 20 patients with STEMI were compared both with a group of patients without angina pectoris in whom coronary angiogram did not reveal coronary atherosclerotic disease (no coronary atherosclerosis-NCA) and a group of patients with stable angina pectoris and at least one significant coronary artery stenosis (stable coronary artery disease-SCAD). This study design allowed us to identify miRs deregulated in the setting of acute coronary artery occlusion due to VP rupture. Based on an initial large scale miR assay screening, we selected a total of 12 miRs (three study miRs and nine controls) that were tested in the study. Two of the study miRs (miR-331 and miR-151-3p) significantly distinguished STEMI patients from the control groups, while ROC analysis confirmed their suitability as biomarkers. Importantly, this was observed in patients presenting early with STEMI, even before the markers of myocardial necrosis (cardiac troponin I, miR-208 and miR-499) were elevated, which suggests that the origin of miR-331 and miR-151-3p might be in the VP. In conclusion, the study provides two novel biomarkers observed in STEMI, which may be associated with plaque rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Horváth
- Department of Cardiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Horváthová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and Rheumatology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Hájek
- Department of Cardiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Cyril Štěchovský
- Department of Cardiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Honěk
- Department of Cardiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Šenolt
- Department of Rheumatology, Charles University, 1st Faculty of Medicine and Rheumatology Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Veselka
- Department of Cardiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
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Rosace D, López J, Blanco S. Emerging roles of novel small non-coding regulatory RNAs in immunity and cancer. RNA Biol 2020; 17:1196-1213. [PMID: 32186461 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1737442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The term small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) refers to all those RNAs that even without encoding for a protein, can play important functional roles. Transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA-derived fragments (tRFs and rRFs, respectively) are an emerging class of ncRNAs originally considered as simple degradation products, which though play important roles in stress responses, signalling, or gene expression. They control all levels of gene expression regulating transcription and translation and affecting RNA processing and maturation. They have been linked to pivotal cellular processes such as self-renewal, differentiation, and proliferation. For this reason, mis-regulation of this novel class of ncRNAs can lead to various pathological processes such as neurodegenerative and development diseases, metabolism and immune system disorders, and cancer. In this review, we summarise the classification, biogenesis, and functions of tRFs and rRFs with a special focus on their role in immunity and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rosace
- Centro De Investigación Del Cáncer and Instituto De Biología Molecular Y Celular Del Cáncer, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Judith López
- Centro De Investigación Del Cáncer and Instituto De Biología Molecular Y Celular Del Cáncer, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
| | - Sandra Blanco
- Centro De Investigación Del Cáncer and Instituto De Biología Molecular Y Celular Del Cáncer, Consejo Superior De Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) - University of Salamanca , Salamanca, Spain
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Dincau B, Dressaire E, Sauret A. Pulsatile Flow in Microfluidic Systems. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1904032. [PMID: 31657131 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201904032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the current knowledge and applications of pulsatile flow in microfluidic systems. Elements of fluid dynamics at low Reynolds number are first described in the context of pulsatile flow. Then the practical applications in microfluidic processes are presented: the methods to generate a pulsatile flow, the generation of emulsion droplets through harmonic flow rate perturbation, the applications in mixing and particle separation, and the benefits of pulsatile flow for clog mitigation. The second part of the review is devoted to pulsatile flow in biological applications. Pulsatile flows can be used for mimicking physiological systems, to alter or enhance cell cultures, and for bioassay automation. Pulsatile flows offer unique advantages over a steady flow, especially in microfluidic systems, but also require some new physical insights and more rigorous investigation to fully benefit future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Dincau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Emilie Dressaire
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Alban Sauret
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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He M, Martin M, Marin T, Chen Z, Gongol B. Endothelial mechanobiology. APL Bioeng 2020; 4:010904. [PMID: 32095737 PMCID: PMC7032971 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lining the luminal surface of the vasculature, endothelial cells (ECs) are in direct
contact with and differentially respond to hemodynamic forces depending on their anatomic
location. Pulsatile shear stress (PS) is defined by laminar flow and is predominantly
located in straight vascular regions, while disturbed or oscillatory shear stress (OS) is
localized to branch points and bifurcations. Such flow patterns have become a central
focus of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, because the focal distribution of
endothelial dysfunction corresponds to regions exposed to OS, whereas endothelial
homeostasis is maintained in regions defined by PS. Deciphering the mechanotransduction
events that occur in ECs in response to differential flow patterns has required the
innovation of multidisciplinary approaches in both in vitro and
in vivo systems. The results from these studies have identified a
multitude of shear stress-regulated molecular networks in the endothelium that are
implicated in health and disease. This review outlines the significance of scientific
findings generated in collaboration with Dr. Shu Chien.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming He
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Marcy Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Traci Marin
- Department of Health Sciences, Victor Valley College, Victorville, California 92395, USA
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, California 91010, USA
| | - Brendan Gongol
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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Sharma N, Shin EJ, Kim NH, Cho EH, Nguyen BT, Jeong JH, Jang CG, Nah SY, Kim HC. Far-infrared Ray-mediated Antioxidant Potentials are Important for Attenuating Psychotoxic Disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:990-1002. [PMID: 30819085 PMCID: PMC7052827 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666190228114318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Far-infrared ray (FIR) is an electromagnetic wave that produces various health benefits against pathophysiological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, renocardiovascular disorders, stress, and depression etc. However, the therapeutic ap-plication on the FIR-mediated protective potentials remains to be further extended. To achieve better understanding on FIR-mediated therapeutic potentials, we summarized additional findings in the present study that exposure to FIR ameliorates stressful condition, memory impairments, drug dependence, and mitochondrial dysfunction in the central nervous system. In this review, we underlined that FIR requires modulations of janus kinase 2 / signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), muscarinic M1 acetylcholine receptor (M1 mAChR), dopamine D1 receptor, protein kinase C δ gene, and glutathione peroxidase-1 gene for exerting the protective potentials in response to neuropsychotoxic conditions
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Nam Hun Kim
- College of Forest and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Bao Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Choon Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419, Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea
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Mirzadeh Azad F, Arabian M, Maleki M, Malakootian M. Small Molecules with Big Impacts on Cardiovascular Diseases. Biochem Genet 2020; 58:359-383. [PMID: 31997044 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09948-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although in recent years there has been a significant progress in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of CVD, but due to their complex pathobiology, developing novel biomarkers and therapeutic interventions are still in need. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a fraction of non-coding RNAs that act as micro-regulators of gene expression. Mounting evidences over the last decade confirmed that microRNAs were deregulated in several CVDs and manipulating their expression could affect homeostasis, differentiation, and function of cardiovascular system. Here, we review the current knowledge concerning the roles of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases with more details on cardiac remodeling, arrhythmias, and atherosclerosis. In addition, we discuss the latest findings on the potential therapeutic applications of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Mirzadeh Azad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maedeh Arabian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Maleki
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Malakootian
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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36
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Shoeibi S. Diagnostic and theranostic microRNAs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13353. [PMID: 31344321 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small single strand and noncoding RNAs that regulate several physiological and molecular signalling pathways. Alterations of miRNA expression profiles may be involved with pathophysiological processes underlying the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases, including changes in the functions of the endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, such as cell proliferation, migration and inflammation, which are involved in angiogenesis, macrophage function and foam cell formation. Thus, miRNAs can be considered to have a crucial role in the progression, modulation and regulation of every stage of atherosclerosis. Such potential biomarkers will enable us to predict therapeutic response and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases and adopt effective preclinical and clinical treatment strategies. In the present review article, the current data regarding the role of miRNAs in atherosclerosis were summarized and the potential miRNAs as prognostic, diagnostic and theranostic biomarkers in preclinical and clinical studies were further discussed. The highlights of this review are expected to present opportunities for future research of clinical therapeutic approaches in vascular diseases resulting from atherosclerosis with an emphasis on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shoeibi
- Atherosclerosis Research Center Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz Iran
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MicroRNAs as Potential Biomarkers in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225547. [PMID: 31703274 PMCID: PMC6887712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex multifactorial disease that, despite advances in lifestyle management and drug therapy, remains to be the major cause of high morbidity and mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in industrialized countries. Therefore, there is a great need in reliable diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers and effective treatment alternatives to reduce its burden. It was established that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs), a class of non-coding single-stranded RNA molecules, can regulate the expression of genes at the post-transcriptional level and, accordingly, coordinate the cellular protein expression. Thus, they are involved not only in cell-specific physiological functions but also in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of human pathologies, including atherosclerosis. MiRNAs may be significant in the dysregulation that affects endothelial integrity, the function of vascular smooth muscle and inflammatory cells, and cellular cholesterol homeostasis that drives the initiation and growth of an atherosclerotic plaque. Besides, distinct expression patterns of several miRNAs are attributed to atherosclerotic and cardiovascular patients. In this article, the evidence indicating the multiple critical roles of miRNAs and their relevant molecular mechanisms related to atherosclerosis development and progression was reviewed. Moreover, the effects of miRNAs on atherosclerosis enabled to exploit them as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets that may lead to better management of atherosclerosis and CVDs.
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Zemskov EA, Lu Q, Ornatowski W, Klinger CN, Desai AA, Maltepe E, Yuan JXJ, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Biomechanical Forces and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:819-842. [PMID: 30623676 PMCID: PMC6751394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in the cell is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. As our fundamental understanding of the underlying causes of lung disease has increased it has become evident that oxidative stress plays a critical role. Recent Advances: A number of cells in the lung both produce, and respond to, ROS. These include vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells as well as the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. The redox system is involved in multiple aspects of cell metabolism and cell homeostasis. Critical Issues: Dysregulation of the cellular redox system has consequential effects on cell signaling pathways that are intimately involved in disease progression. The lung is exposed to biomechanical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure) due to the passage of blood through the pulmonary vessels and the distension of the lungs during the breathing cycle. Cells within the lung respond to these forces by activating signal transduction pathways that alter their redox state with both physiologic and pathologic consequences. Future Directions: Here, we will discuss the intimate relationship between biomechanical forces and redox signaling and its role in the development of pulmonary disease. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by biomechanical forces in the pulmonary vasculature is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina N Klinger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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Lee DY, Chiu JJ. Atherosclerosis and flow: roles of epigenetic modulation in vascular endothelium. J Biomed Sci 2019; 26:56. [PMID: 31387590 PMCID: PMC6685237 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0551-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunctions, including turnover enrichment, gap junction disruption, inflammation, and oxidation, play vital roles in the initiation of vascular disorders and atherosclerosis. Hemodynamic forces, i.e., atherprotective pulsatile (PS) and pro-atherogenic oscillatory shear stress (OS), can activate mechanotransduction to modulate EC function and dysfunction. This review summarizes current studies aiming to elucidate the roles of epigenetic factors, i.e., histone deacetylases (HDACs), non-coding RNAs, and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), in mechanotransduction to modulate hemodynamics-regulated EC function and dysfunction. Main body of the abstract OS enhances the expression and nuclear accumulation of class I and class II HDACs to induce EC dysfunction, i.e., proliferation, oxidation, and inflammation, whereas PS induces phosphorylation-dependent nuclear export of class II HDACs to inhibit EC dysfunction. PS induces overexpression of the class III HDAC Sirt1 to enhance nitric oxide (NO) production and prevent EC dysfunction. In addition, hemodynamic forces modulate the expression and acetylation of transcription factors, i.e., retinoic acid receptor α and krüppel-like factor-2, to transcriptionally regulate the expression of microRNAs (miRs). OS-modulated miRs, which stimulate proliferative, pro-inflammatory, and oxidative signaling, promote EC dysfunction, whereas PS-regulated miRs, which induce anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative signaling, inhibit EC dysfunction. PS also modulates the expression of long non-coding RNAs to influence EC function. i.e., turnover, aligmant, and migration. On the other hand, OS enhances the expression of DNMT-1 and -3a to induce EC dysfunction, i.e., proliferation, inflammation, and NO repression. Conclusion Overall, epigenetic factors play vital roles in modulating hemodynamic-directed EC dysfunction and vascular disorders, i.e., atherosclerosis. Understanding the detailed mechanisms through which epigenetic factors regulate hemodynamics-directed EC dysfunction and vascular disorders can help us to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of atherosclerosis and develop potential therapeutic strategies for atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yu Lee
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Jiann Chiu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, 350, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan. .,Collage of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan. .,Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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miR-940 potentially promotes proliferation and metastasis of endometrial carcinoma through regulation of MRVI1. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190077. [PMID: 31085718 PMCID: PMC6559375 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The specific functions and clinical significance of miR-940 in endometrial
carcinoma (EC) have not been studied. First, we assessed the expression of
miR-940 and MRVI1 in EC tissues collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)
database and EC cell lines. miR-940 was significantly overexpressed in EC
tissues and cell lines, particularly in RL95-2 cells. Correlation analysis
showed that miR-940 expression level was remarkably associated with age, grade,
and death. Moreover, the overall survival (OS) rate in the miR-940 low
expression group was higher, compared with miR-940 high expression group.
Univariate and multivariate models demonstrated that miR-940 expression, stage,
and age were predictive indicators of OS. Moreover, there was no significance of
the proliferation ability among the three EC cell lines (RL95-2, ISK, and KLE).
To reveal the biological roles of miR-940, we respectively transfected RL95-2
cells with miR-940 mimics, miR-940 inhibitors, and control to further
investigate the cell proliferation ability, and migration as well as invasion
potential of RL95-2 cells. The transfection of miR-940 mimics significantly
increased the proliferation and migration/invasion ability of RL95-2
cells. MRVI1 was predicted to be a potential target of miR-940 by means of
in silico analysis followed by validation using luciferase
reporter assays. MRVI1 was correlated with good prognosis. Moreover, forced
expression of MRVI1 in miR-940 mimic transfected cells abolished the
facilitation of miR-940 on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of RL95-2
and KLE cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that miR-940 might function
as a reliable diagnostic and prognostic signature in EC.
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41
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A three-step approach identifies novel shear stress-sensitive endothelial microRNAs involved in vasculoprotective effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Oncotarget 2019. [DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Schmitz B, Breulmann FL, Jubran B, Rolfes F, Thorwesten L, Krüger M, Klose A, Schnittler HJ, Brand SM. A three-step approach identifies novel shear stress-sensitive endothelial microRNAs involved in vasculoprotective effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). Oncotarget 2019; 10:3625-3640. [PMID: 31217898 PMCID: PMC6557206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulatory microRNAs (c-miRNAs) are regulated in response to physical activity and may exert anti-atherosclerotic effects. Since the vascular endothelium is an abundant source of c-miRNAs, we aimed to identify novel vasculoprotective exercise-induced c-miRNAs by the combined analysis of published endothelial miRNA array data followed by in vivo and in vitro validation. We identified 8 different array-based publications reporting 185 endothelial shear stress-regulated miRNAs of which 13 were identified in ≥3 independent reports. Nine miRNAs had already been associated with physical activity. Of the remaining novel miRNAs, miR-98-3p and miR-125-5p were selected for further analysis due to reported vasculoprotective effects. Analysis in two different 4-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) groups (group 1 [n=27]: 4x30 s, group 2 [n=25]: 8x15 s; all-out running) suggested significantly elevated miR-98 and miR-125a-5p levels in response to acute exercise at baseline and at follow-up. Endothelial in vitro shear stress experiments revealed increased miR-125a-5p and miR-98-3p levels in medium of human umbilical vein endothelial cells at 30 dyn/cm2 after 20 and 60 min, respectively. Our results suggest that miR-98-3p and miR-125a-5p can be rapidly secreted by endothelial cells, which might be the source of increased c-miR-98-3p and -125a-5p levels in response to HIIT. Both miRNAs attenuate endothelial inflammation and may mediate vasculoprotective effects of physical exercise including HIIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmitz
- 1 Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Franziska L. Breulmann
- 1 Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bothaynah Jubran
- 2 Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Florian Rolfes
- 1 Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lothar Thorwesten
- 1 Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Krüger
- 3 Department of Physical Education and Sports History, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Andreas Klose
- 3 Department of Physical Education and Sports History, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- 1 Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Cerebral Thromboembolism after Lobectomy for Lung Cancer: Pathological Diagnosis and Mechanism of Thrombus Formation. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040488. [PMID: 30959839 PMCID: PMC6521235 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Although molecular therapies have emerged as efficacious strategies for the treatment of lung cancer, surgical resection is still recommended as a radical therapeutic option. Currently, lobectomy is regarded as the most reliable radical treatment of primary lung cancer. Among the various complications after lobectomy, cerebral thromboembolism requires attention as a life-threatening complication during the early postoperative period. It occurs in 0.2–1.2% of surgical cases of lung cancer and typically develops following left upper lobectomy with a long pulmonary vein stump (PVS). PVS-associated thrombosis is known to cause cerebral thromboembolism after such procedures; however, distinguishing this specific complication from that caused by postoperative atrial fibrillation is challenging. We summarize herein the diagnostic pathology of thrombus formation in accordance with its thrombogenic mechanism. We focus on the potential utility of the pathological assessment of thrombectomy specimens. The morphological information obtained from these specimens enables the presumption of thrombogenic etiology and provides useful clues to both select an appropriate pharmacotherapy and determine a follow-up treatment for cerebral thromboembolism.
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Xie HH, Huan WT, Han JQ, Ren WR, Yang LH. MicroRNA-663 facilitates the growth, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell by inhibiting TUSC2. Biol Res 2019; 52:18. [PMID: 30944041 PMCID: PMC6448305 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-019-0219-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as the critical modulators of the tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Methods The levels of miR-663 in ovarian cancer cell lines and clinical tissues were detected using qRT-PCR assays. The Transwell invasion and wound healing assay were conducted to assess the roles of miR-663 in the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cell in vitro. Rescue assays were carried out to confirm the contribution of tumor suppressor candidate 2 (TUSC2) in the aggressiveness of cancer cell which was regulated by miR-663. Results The levels of miR-663 were up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues in comparison with the corresponding normal tissues. Up-regulation of miR-663 increased the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of ovarian cancer SKOV3 cell. Additional, over-expression of miR-663 increased the tumor growth of SKOV3 in xenograft model. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay identified that miR-663 decreased the level of TUSC2 via binding to the 3′-UTR of TUSC2 gene. Finally, the expression of TUSC2 was inversely associated with the level of miR-663 in ovarian carcinoma tissue and over-expression of TUSC2 inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of SKOV3 that was promoted by miR-663. Conclusion Altogether, these results indicate that miR-663 acts as a potential tumor-promoting miRNA through targeting TUSC2 in ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40659-019-0219-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hui Xie
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Ting Huan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiang Qiong Han
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (The Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Ru Ren
- Gynaecology Ward of Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Li Hua Yang
- Department of Gynaecology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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Fang Y, Wu D, Birukov KG. Mechanosensing and Mechanoregulation of Endothelial Cell Functions. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:873-904. [PMID: 30873580 PMCID: PMC6697421 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) form a semiselective barrier for macromolecules and cell elements regulated by dynamic interactions between cytoskeletal elements and cell adhesion complexes. ECs also participate in many other vital processes including innate immune reactions, vascular repair, secretion, and metabolism of bioactive molecules. Moreover, vascular ECs represent a unique cell type exposed to continuous, time-dependent mechanical forces: different patterns of shear stress imposed by blood flow in macrovasculature and by rolling blood cells in the microvasculature; circumferential cyclic stretch experienced by the arterial vascular bed caused by heart propulsions; mechanical stretch of lung microvascular endothelium at different magnitudes due to spontaneous respiration or mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients. Accumulating evidence suggests that vascular ECs contain mechanosensory complexes, which rapidly react to changes in mechanical loading, process the signal, and develop context-specific adaptive responses to rebalance the cell homeostatic state. The significance of the interactions between specific mechanical forces in the EC microenvironment together with circulating bioactive molecules in the progression and resolution of vascular pathologies including vascular injury, atherosclerosis, pulmonary edema, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has been only recently recognized. This review will summarize the current understanding of EC mechanosensory mechanisms, modulation of EC responses to humoral factors by surrounding mechanical forces (particularly the cyclic stretch), and discuss recent findings of magnitude-specific regulation of EC functions by transcriptional, posttranscriptional and epigenetic mechanisms using -omics approaches. We also discuss ongoing challenges and future opportunities in developing new therapies targeting dysregulated mechanosensing mechanisms to treat vascular diseases. © 2019 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 9:873-904, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA,Correspondence to
| | - David Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Konstantin G. Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Esmerats JF, Villa-Roel N, Kumar S, Gu L, Salim MT, Ohh M, Taylor WR, Nerem RM, Yoganathan AP, Jo H. Disturbed Flow Increases UBE2C (Ubiquitin E2 Ligase C) via Loss of miR-483-3p, Inducing Aortic Valve Calcification by the pVHL (von Hippel-Lindau Protein) and HIF-1α (Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α) Pathway in Endothelial Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:467-481. [PMID: 30602302 PMCID: PMC6393167 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.312233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Calcific aortic valve (AV) disease, characterized by AV sclerosis and calcification, is a major cause of death in the aging population; however, there are no effective medical therapies other than valve replacement. AV calcification preferentially occurs on the fibrosa side, exposed to disturbed flow (d-flow), whereas the ventricularis side exposed to predominantly stable flow remains protected by unclear mechanisms. Here, we tested the role of novel flow-sensitive UBE2C (ubiquitin E2 ligase C) and microRNA-483-3p (miR-483) in flow-dependent AV endothelial function and AV calcification. Approach and Results- Human AV endothelial cells and fresh porcine AV leaflets were exposed to stable flow or d-flow. We found that UBE2C was upregulated by d-flow in human AV endothelial cells in the miR-483-dependent manner. UBE2C mediated OS-induced endothelial inflammation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition by increasing the HIF-1α (hypoxia-inducible factor-1α) level. UBE2C increased HIF-1α by ubiquitinating and degrading its upstream regulator pVHL (von Hippel-Lindau protein). These in vitro findings were corroborated by immunostaining studies using diseased human AV leaflets. In addition, we found that reduction of miR-483 by d-flow led to increased UBE2C expression in human AV endothelial cells. The miR-483 mimic protected against endothelial inflammation and endothelial-mesenchymal transition in human AV endothelial cells and calcification of porcine AV leaflets by downregulating UBE2C. Moreover, treatment with the HIF-1α inhibitor (PX478) significantly reduced porcine AV calcification in static and d-flow conditions. Conclusions- These results suggest that miR-483 and UBE2C and pVHL are novel flow-sensitive anti- and pro-calcific AV disease molecules, respectively, that regulate the HIF-1α pathway in AV. The miR-483 mimic and HIF-1α pathway inhibitors may serve as potential therapeutics of calcific AV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Fernandez Esmerats
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Nicolas Villa-Roel
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Lina Gu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
| | - Md Tausif Salim
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, CA
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University
| | - Robert M. Nerem
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology. Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ajit P. Yoganathan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University
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Kumar S, Williams D, Sur S, Wang JY, Jo H. Role of flow-sensitive microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 114:76-92. [PMID: 30300747 PMCID: PMC6905428 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the primary underlying cause of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. The disease preferentially occurs in arterial regions exposed to disturbed blood flow, in part, by altering expression of flow-sensitive coding- and non-coding genes. In this review, we summarize the role of noncoding RNAs, [microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)], as regulators of gene expression and outline their relationship to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. While miRNAs are small noncoding genes that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression by targeting mRNA transcripts, the lncRNAs regulate gene expression by diverse mechanisms, which are still emerging and incompletely understood. We focused on multiple flow-sensitive miRNAs such as, miR-10a, -19a, -23b, -17~92, -21, -663, -92a, -143/145, -101, -126, -712, -205, and -155 that play a critical role in endothelial function and atherosclerosis by targeting inflammation, cell cycle, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and nitric oxide signaling. Flow-dependent regulation of lncRNAs is just emerging, and their role in vascular dysfunction and atherosclerosis is unknown. Here, we discuss the flow-sensitive lncRNA STEEL along with other lncRNAs studied in the context of vascular pathophysiology and atherosclerosis such as MALAT1, MIAT1, ANRIL, MYOSLID, MEG3, SENCR, SMILR, LISPR1, and H19. Also discussed is the use of these noncoding RNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutics to reduce and regress atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Darian Williams
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Sanjoli Sur
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Jun-Yao Wang
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, USA; Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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Grasso M, Piscopo P, Talarico G, Ricci L, Crestini A, Tosto G, Gasparini M, Bruno G, Denti MA, Confaloni A. Plasma microRNA profiling distinguishes patients with frontotemporal dementia from healthy subjects. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 84:240.e1-240.e12. [PMID: 30826067 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop an easy and minimally invasive assay to detect a plasma miRNA profile in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients, with the final aim of discriminating between FTD patients and healthy controls (HCs). After a global miRNA profiling, significant downregulation of miR-663a, miR-502-3p, and miR-206 (p = 0.0001, p = 0.0002, and p = 0.02 respectively) in FTD patients was confirmed when compared with HCs in a larger case-control sample. Moreover, miR-663a and miR-502-3p showed significant differences in both genders, whereas miR-206, only in male subjects. To obtain a discriminating measure between FTD patients and HCs, we calculated a combined score of the 3 miRNAs by applying a Bayesian approach and obtaining a classifier with an accuracy of 84.4%. Moreover, for men, combined miRNA levels showed an excellent sensitivity (100%) and a good specificity (87.5%) in distinguishing FTD patients from HCs. All these findings open new hypotheses in the pathophysiology and new perspectives in the diagnosis of a complex pathology as FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Grasso
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy
| | - Paola Piscopo
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Talarico
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricci
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; CIMeC, Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Alessio Crestini
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tosto
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marina Gasparini
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bruno
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela A Denti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), Trento, Italy.
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Benakanakere MR, Zhao J, Finoti L, Schattner R, Odabas-Yigit M, Kinane DF. MicroRNA-663 antagonizes apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor to induce apoptosis in epithelial cells. Apoptosis 2019; 24:108-118. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang C, Chen B, Jiao A, Li F, Sun N, Zhang G, Zhang J. miR-663a inhibits tumor growth and invasion by regulating TGF-β1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1179. [PMID: 30486878 PMCID: PMC6264054 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dysregulation of miR-663a is frequently observed in many human cancers. However, the functional role and precise mechanism of miR-663a have been controversial in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and need to be studied in depth. Methods The expression of miR-663a was detected in human cell lines and HCC tissues by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), and data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Cell proliferation was investigated using MTS, EdU, colony formation assays, and xenograft animal experiments, and the cell invasion capacity was evaluated using the transwell assay. The target gene of miR-663a was identified by qRT-PCR, Western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The clinicopathological features of miR-663a and the correlation between miR-663a and TGF-β1 expression were also investigated in the clinical samples of HCC. Results miR-663a was significantly downregulated in HCC cells relative to immortal normal liver cells, as indicated using qRT-PCR, and the lower expression of miR-663a was also confirmed in HCC tissue samples and the data from TCGA. The expression of miR-663a in HCC tissue samples was statistically significantly associated with size and the number of tumors. In addition, the upregulation of miR-663a inhibited the proliferation and invasion of HCC cells in vitro. Further study showed that miR-663a directly targeted transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) to suppress HCC invasion, and that the inhibitory effect of miR-663a on cell invasion could be regulated by TGF-β1. In vivo studies showed that miR-663a significantly inhibited tumor growth. A negative correlation between miR-663a and TGF-β1 expression was also confirmed from the clinical samples of HCC. Conclusions miR-663a acts as a tumor suppressor and exerts a substantial role in inhibiting the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis of HCC by regulating TGF-β1 in vitro and in vivo. These observations indicate that miR-663a may be a suitable diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic target for the treatment of HCC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-5016-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshuo Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department and Unit of Organ Transplantation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155#, Nanjingbei street, Heping district, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Baomin Chen
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao Jiao
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department and Unit of Organ Transplantation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155#, Nanjingbei street, Heping district, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department and Unit of Organ Transplantation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155#, Nanjingbei street, Heping district, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department and Unit of Organ Transplantation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155#, Nanjingbei street, Heping district, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Department and Unit of Organ Transplantation, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155#, Nanjingbei street, Heping district, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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