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Das D, Jothimani G, Banerjee A, Dey A, Duttaroy AK, Pathak S. A brief review on recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic applications of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2024; 173:106616. [PMID: 38992790 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2024.106616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important mediators of intercellular communication within the cardiovascular system, playing essential roles in physiological homeostasis and contributing to the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic agents in rare cardiovascular diseases, such as valvular heart disease (VHD) and cardiomyopathies, remains largely unexplored. This review comprehensively emphasizes recent advancements in extracellular vesicle research, explicitly highlighting their growing significance in diagnosing and potentially treating rare cardiovascular diseases, with a particular focus on valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies. We highlight the potential of extracellular vesicle-based liquid biopsies as non-invasive tools for early disease detection and risk stratification, showcasing specific extracellular vesicle-associated biomarkers (proteins, microRNAs, lipids) with diagnostic and prognostic value. Furthermore, we discussed the therapeutic promise of extracellular vesicles derived from various sources, including stem cells and engineered extracellular vesicles, for cardiac repair and regeneration through their ability to modulate inflammation, promote angiogenesis, and reduce fibrosis. By integrating the findings and addressing critical knowledge gaps, this review aims to stimulate further research and innovation in extracellular vesicle-based diagnostics and therapeutics of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptimayee Das
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Ganesan Jothimani
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Antara Banerjee
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Amit Dey
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India
| | - Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Surajit Pathak
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education (CARE), Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Kelambakkam, Tamil Nadu 603103, India.
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2
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Llorente A, Brokāne A, Mlynska A, Puurand M, Sagini K, Folkmane S, Hjorth M, Martin‐Gracia B, Romero S, Skorinkina D, Čampa M, Cešeiko R, Romanchikova N, Kļaviņa A, Käämbre T, Linē A. From sweat to hope: The role of exercise-induced extracellular vesicles in cancer prevention and treatment. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12500. [PMID: 39183543 PMCID: PMC11345496 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The benefits of regular physical exercise on cancer prevention, as well as reducing fatigue, treatment side effects and recurrence, and improving quality of life and overall survival of cancer patients, are increasingly recognised. Initial studies showed that the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) increases during physical activity and that EVs carry biologically active cargo. These EVs are released by blood cells, skeletal muscle and other organs involved in exercise, thus suggesting that EVs may mediate tissue crosstalk during exercise. This possibility triggered a great interest in the study of the roles of EVs in systemic adaptation to exercise and in their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. This review presents studies exploring the concentration and molecular cargo of EVs released during exercise. Furthermore, we discuss putative stimuli that may trigger EV release from various cell types, the biological functions and the impact of exercise-induced EVs on cancer development and progression. Understanding the interplay between exercise, EVs, and cancer biology may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Llorente
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
- Department for Mechanical, Electronics and Chemical EngineeringOslo Metropolitan UniversityOsloNorway
| | - Agnese Brokāne
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
| | - Agata Mlynska
- Laboratory of ImmunologyNational Cancer InstituteVilniusLithuania
- Department of Chemistry and BioengineeringVilnius Gediminas Technical UniversityVilniusLithuania
| | - Marju Puurand
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyNational Institute of Chemical Physics and BiophysicsTallinnEstonia
| | - Krizia Sagini
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Signe Folkmane
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
| | - Marit Hjorth
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Beatriz Martin‐Gracia
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Silvana Romero
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer ResearchOslo University HospitalOsloNorway
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Diana Skorinkina
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
| | - Mārtiņš Čampa
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | - Rūdolfs Cešeiko
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
| | | | - Aija Kļaviņa
- Latvian Academy of Sport Education, Riga Stradins UniversityRigaLatvia
- Department of Health Promotion and RehabilitationLithuanian Sports UniversityKaunasLithuania
| | - Tuuli Käämbre
- Laboratory of Chemical BiologyNational Institute of Chemical Physics and BiophysicsTallinnEstonia
| | - Aija Linē
- Cancer Biomarker groupLatvian Biomedical Research and Study CentreRigaLatvia
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3
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Mallaredy V, Roy R, Cheng Z, Gurrala CT, Benedict C, Truongcao M, Joladarashi D, Magadum A, Ibetti J, Cimini M, Gonzalez C, Garikipati VNS, Koch WJ, Kishore R. Tipifarnib Reduces Extracellular Vesicles and Protects From Heart Failure. Circ Res 2024; 135:280-297. [PMID: 38847080 PMCID: PMC11223950 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Extracellular vesicles, including small extracellular vesicles or exosomes, and their molecular cargo are known to modulate cell-to-cell communication during multiple cardiac diseases. However, the role of systemic extracellular vesicle biogenesis inhibition in HF models is not well documented and remains unclear. METHODS We investigated the role of circulating exosomes during cardiac dysfunction and remodeling in a mouse transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model of HF. Importantly, we investigate the efficacy of tipifarnib, a recently identified exosome biogenesis inhibitor that targets the critical proteins (Rab27a [Ras associated binding protein 27a], nSMase2 [neutral sphingomyelinase 2], and Alix [ALG-2-interacting protein X]) involved in exosome biogenesis for this mouse model of HF. In this study, 10-week-old male mice underwent TAC surgery were randomly assigned to groups with and without tipifarnib treatment (10 mg/kg 3 times/wk) and monitored for 8 weeks, and a comprehensive assessment was conducted through performed echocardiographic, histological, and biochemical studies. RESULTS TAC significantly elevated circulating plasma exosomes and markedly increased cardiac left ventricular dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Furthermore, injection of plasma exosomes from TAC mice induced left ventricular dysfunction and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in uninjured mice without TAC. On the contrary, treatment of tipifarnib in TAC mice reduced circulating exosomes to baseline and remarkably improved left ventricular functions, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Tipifarnib treatment also drastically altered the miRNA profile of circulating post-TAC exosomes, including miR 331-5p, which was highly downregulated both in TAC circulating exosomes and in TAC cardiac tissue. Mechanistically, miR 331-5p is crucial for inhibiting the fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition by targeting HOXC8, a critical regulator of fibrosis. Tipifarnib treatment in TAC mice upregulated the expression of miR 331-5p that acts as a potent repressor for one of the fibrotic mechanisms mediated by HOXC8. CONCLUSIONS Our study underscores the pathological role of exosomes in HF and fibrosis in response to pressure overload. Tipifarnib-mediated inhibition of exosome biogenesis and cargo sorting may serve as a viable strategy to prevent progressive cardiac remodeling in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Mallaredy
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Rajika Roy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Zhongjian Cheng
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Charan Thej Gurrala
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Cindy Benedict
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - May Truongcao
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Ajit Magadum
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Jessica Ibetti
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Maria Cimini
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Carolina Gonzalez
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
| | - Venkata Naga Srikanth Garikipati
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Raj Kishore
- Aging and Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140
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4
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Yang S, Sun Y, Yan C. Recent advances in the use of extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells for regenerative medical therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:316. [PMID: 38844939 PMCID: PMC11157933 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a subset of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue. They possess remarkable properties, including multipotency, self-renewal, and easy clinical availability. ADSCs are also capable of promoting tissue regeneration through the secretion of various cytokines, factors, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). ADSC-derived EVs (ADSC-EVs) act as intercellular signaling mediators that encapsulate a range of biomolecules. These EVs have been found to mediate the therapeutic activities of donor cells by promoting the proliferation and migration of effector cells, facilitating angiogenesis, modulating immunity, and performing other specific functions in different tissues. Compared to the donor cells themselves, ADSC-EVs offer advantages such as fewer safety concerns and more convenient transportation and storage for clinical application. As a result, these EVs have received significant attention as cell-free therapeutic agents with potential future application in regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on recent research progress regarding regenerative medical use of ADSC-EVs across various medical conditions, including wound healing, chronic limb ischemia, angiogenesis, myocardial infarction, diabetic nephropathy, fat graft survival, bone regeneration, cartilage regeneration, tendinopathy and tendon healing, peripheral nerve regeneration, and acute lung injury, among others. We also discuss the underlying mechanisms responsible for inducing these therapeutic effects. We believe that deciphering the biological properties, therapeutic effects, and underlying mechanisms associated with ADSC-EVs will provide a foundation for developing a novel therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiran Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chenchen Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
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5
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Guerricchio L, Barile L, Bollini S. Evolving Strategies for Extracellular Vesicles as Future Cardiac Therapeutics: From Macro- to Nano-Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6187. [PMID: 38892376 PMCID: PMC11173118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents the foremost cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a steadily increasing incidence due to the growth of the ageing population. Cardiac dysfunction leading to heart failure may arise from acute myocardial infarction (MI) as well as inflammatory- and cancer-related chronic cardiomyopathy. Despite pharmacological progress, effective cardiac repair represents an unmet clinical need, with heart transplantation being the only option for end-stage heart failure. The functional profiling of the biological activity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has recently attracted increasing interest in the field of translational research for cardiac regenerative medicine. The cardioprotective and cardioactive potential of human progenitor stem/cell-derived EVs has been reported in several preclinical studies, and EVs have been suggested as promising paracrine therapy candidates for future clinical translation. Nevertheless, some compelling aspects must be properly addressed, including optimizing delivery strategies to meet patient needs and enhancing targeting specificity to the cardiac tissue. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the most relevant aspects of the therapeutic potential of EVs released by human progenitors for cardiovascular disease, with a specific focus on the strategies that have been recently implemented to improve myocardial targeting and administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guerricchio
- Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Cellular Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
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6
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Chabronova A, Holmes TL, Hoang DM, Denning C, James V, Smith JGW, Peffers MJ. SnoRNAs in cardiovascular development, function, and disease. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:562-578. [PMID: 38523014 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are emerging as important regulators of cardiovascular (patho)biology. Several roles of snoRNAs have recently been identified in heart development and congenital heart diseases, as well as their dynamic regulation in hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac fibrosis, and heart failure. Furthermore, reports of changes in vesicular snoRNA expression and altered levels of circulating snoRNAs in response to cardiac stress suggest that snoRNAs also function in cardiac signaling and intercellular communication. In this review, we summarize and discuss key findings and outline the clinical potential of snoRNAs considering current challenges and gaps in the field of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Chabronova
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Terri L Holmes
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Duc M Hoang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Chris Denning
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Victoria James
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - James G W Smith
- Centre for Metabolic Health, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Mandy J Peffers
- Department of Musculoskeletal Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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7
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Baluška F, Miller WB, Reber AS. Sentient cells as basic units of tissues, organs and organismal physiology. J Physiol 2024; 602:2491-2501. [PMID: 37847422 DOI: 10.1113/jp284419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells evolved some 4 billion years ago, and since then the integrity of the structural and functional continuity of cellular life has been maintained via highly conserved and ancient processes of cell reproduction and division. The plasma membrane as well as all the cytoplasmic structures are reproduced and inherited uninterruptedly by each of the two daughter cells resulting from every cell division. Although our understanding of the evolutionary emergence of the very first cells is obscured by the extremely long timeline since that revolutionary event, the generally accepted position is that the de novo formation of cells is not possible; all present cells are products of other prior cells. This essential biological principle was first discovered by Robert Remak and then effectively coined as Omnis Cellula e Cellula (every cell of the cell) by Rudolf Virchow: all currently living cells have direct structural and functional connections to the very first cells. Based on our previous theoretical analysis, all cells are endowed with individual sentient cognition that guides their individual agency, behaviour and evolution. There is a vital consequence of this new sentient and cognitive view of cells: when cells assemble as functional tissue ecologies and organs within multicellular organisms, including plants, animals and humans, these cellular aggregates display derivative versions of aggregate tissue- and organ-specific sentience and consciousness. This innovative view of the evolution and physiology of all currently living organisms supports a singular principle: all organismal physiology is based on cellular physiology that extends from unicellular roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Baluška
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - William B Miller
- Banner Health Systems - Medicine, Paradise Valley, Phoneix, Arizona, USA
| | - Arthur S Reber
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Kang Y, Wu W, Yang Y, Luo J, Lu Y, Yin L, Cui X. Progress in extracellular vesicle homeostasis as it relates to cardiovascular diseases. J Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s13105-024-01027-w. [PMID: 38687443 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-024-01027-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in both physiological and pathological processes in many organ systems and are essential in mediating intercellular communication and maintaining organismal homeostasis. It is helpful to propose new strategies for disease treatment by elucidating the mechanisms of EV release and sorting. An increasing number of studies have shown that there is specific homeostasis in EVs, which is helpful for the human body to carry out physiological activities. In contrast, an EV homeostasis im-balance promotes or accelerates disease onset and development. Alternatively, regulating the quality of EVs can maintain homeostasis and even achieve the purpose of treating conditions. An analysis of the role of EV homeostasis in the onset and development of cardiovascular disease is presented in this review. This article also summarizes the methods that regulate EV homeostasis and their application in cardiovascular diseases. In particular, this study focuses on the connection between EV steady states and the cardiovascular system and the potential value of EVs in treating cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Kang
- College of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Wenqian Wu
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jinxi Luo
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Lu
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Luchang Yin
- Clinical Medical School, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China.
- Internal Medicine-Cardiovascular Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaodong Cui
- School of Basic Medicine Sciences, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong, P.R. China.
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9
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Osorio LA, Lozano M, Soto P, Moreno-Hidalgo V, Arévalo-Gil A, Ramírez-Balaguera A, Hevia D, Cifuentes J, Hidalgo Y, Alcayaga-Miranda F, Pasten C, Morales D, Varela D, Urquidi C, Iturriaga A, Rivera-Palma A, Larrea-Gómez R, Irarrázabal CE. Levels of Small Extracellular Vesicles Containing hERG-1 and Hsp47 as Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4913. [PMID: 38732154 PMCID: PMC11084293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still limited. Therefore, this study demonstrates the presence of human ether-a-go-go-related gene 1 (hERG1) and heat shock protein 47 (Hsp47) on the surface of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in human peripheral blood and their association with CVD. In this research, 20 individuals with heart failure and 26 participants subjected to cardiac stress tests were enrolled. The associations between hERG1 and/or Hsp47 in sEVs and CVD were established using Western blot, flow cytometry, electron microscopy, ELISA, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. The results show that hERG1 and Hsp47 were present in sEV membranes, extravesicularly exposing the sequences 430AFLLKETEEGPPATE445 for hERG1 and 169ALQSINEWAAQTT- DGKLPEVTKDVERTD196 for Hsp47. In addition, upon exposure to hypoxia, rat primary cardiomyocytes released sEVs into the media, and human cardiomyocytes in culture also released sEVs containing hERG1 (EV-hERG1) and/or Hsp47 (EV-Hsp47). Moreover, the levels of sEVs increased in the blood when cardiac ischemia was induced during the stress test, as well as the concentrations of EV-hERG1 and EV-Hsp47. Additionally, the plasma levels of EV-hERG1 and EV-Hsp47 decreased in patients with decompensated heart failure (DHF). Our data provide the first evidence that hERG1 and Hsp47 are present in the membranes of sEVs derived from the human cardiomyocyte cell line, and also in those isolated from human peripheral blood. Total sEVs, EV-hERG1, and EV-Hsp47 may be explored as biomarkers for heart diseases such as heart failure and cardiac ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Osorio
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Mauricio Lozano
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Paola Soto
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Viviana Moreno-Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Angely Arévalo-Gil
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Angie Ramírez-Balaguera
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Daniel Hevia
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Jorge Cifuentes
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
| | - Yessia Hidalgo
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Francisca Alcayaga-Miranda
- Laboratory of Nano-Regenerative Medicine, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy (IMPACT), Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Consuelo Pasten
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Danna Morales
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Diego Varela
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Cinthya Urquidi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Studies, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
| | - Andrés Iturriaga
- Departamento de Matemática y Ciencia de la Computación, Facultad de Ciencia, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170020, Chile
| | | | | | - Carlos E. Irarrázabal
- Laboratory of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Physiology Program, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile; (L.A.O.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago 7620001, Chile
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10
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Ali MA, Gioscia-Ryan R, Yang D, Sutton NR, Tyrrell DJ. Cardiovascular aging: spotlight on mitochondria. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2024; 326:H317-H333. [PMID: 38038719 PMCID: PMC11219063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00632.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are cellular organelles critical for ATP production and are particularly relevant to cardiovascular diseases including heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and cardiomyopathies. With advancing age, even in the absence of clinical disease, mitochondrial homeostasis becomes disrupted (e.g., redox balance, mitochondrial DNA damage, oxidative metabolism, and mitochondrial quality control). Mitochondrial dysregulation leads to the accumulation of damaged and dysfunctional mitochondria, producing excessive reactive oxygen species and perpetuating mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, mitochondrial DNA, cardiolipin, and N-formyl peptides are potent activators of cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic inflammatory pathways. These age-related mitochondrial changes contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. This review covers the impact of aging on mitochondria and links these mechanisms to therapeutic implications for age-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Akkas Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Rachel Gioscia-Ryan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Dongli Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Nadia R Sutton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Daniel J Tyrrell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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11
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Wang LX, Zhang X, Guan LJ, Pen Y. What role do extracellular vesicles play in developing physical frailty and sarcopenia? : A systematic review. Z Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 56:697-702. [PMID: 36580105 DOI: 10.1007/s00391-022-02150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frailty and sarcopenia are typical geriatric conditions with a complex pathophysiology. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key regulators of age-related diseases, but the mechanisms underlying physical frailty, sarcopenia, and EVs are not well understood. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted to examine the evidence supporting an association between EVs and physical frailty and/or sarcopenia by searching the electronic databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Embase, from January 2000 to January 2021. RESULTS A total of 216 cross-sectional studies were retrieved, and after the removal of 43 duplicate records, the title and abstract of 167 articles were screened, identifying 6 relevant articles for full-text review. Of the studies five met the inclusion criteria, and heterogeneity among studies was high. There is controversy regarding whether frailty and/or sarcopenia are related to circulating EV levels; however, the cargo of EVs has been associated with frailty and sarcopenia in various ways, such as microRNAs, mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs), and protein cargoes. CONCLUSION Recent studies, although limited, depicted that EVs could be one of the underlying mechanisms of frailty and/or sarcopenia. There is a possibility that physical frailty and sarcopenia may have specific EV concentrations and cargo profiles; however, further research is required to fully understand the mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers and early preventative strategies for physical frailty and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Xiao Wang
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of gerontology and geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611137, Chengdu, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of gerontology and geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Juan Guan
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of gerontology and geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611137, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Pen
- Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Department of gerontology and geriatrics, Chengdu Fifth People's Hospital, 611137, Chengdu, China
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12
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Farrelly R, Kennedy MG, Spencer R, Forbes K. Extracellular vesicles as markers and mediators of pregnancy complications: gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth and fetal growth restriction. J Physiol 2023; 601:4973-4988. [PMID: 37070801 DOI: 10.1113/jp282849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In high income countries, approximately 10% of pregnancies are complicated by pre-eclampsia (PE), preterm birth (PTB), fetal growth restriction (FGR) and/or macrosomia resulting from gestational diabetes (GDM). Despite the burden of disease this places on pregnant people and their newborns, there are still few, if any, effective ways of preventing or treating these conditions. There are also gaps in our understanding of the underlying pathophysiologies and our ability to predict which mothers will be affected. The placenta plays a crucial role in pregnancy, and alterations in placental structure and function have been implicated in all of these conditions. As extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important molecules in cell-to-cell communication in health and disease, recent research involving maternal- and placental-derived EV has demonstrated their potential as predictive and diagnostic biomarkers of obstetric disorders. This review will consider how placental and maternal EVs have been investigated in pregnancies complicated by PE, PTB, FGR and GDM and aims to highlight areas where further research is required to enhance the management and eventual treatment of these pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Farrelly
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Rebecca Spencer
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen Forbes
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Sastrawidjaya C, Nguyen PHD. A commentary on: TDO2-augmented fibroblasts secrete EVs enriched in immunomodulatory Y-derived small RNA. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 2:e99. [PMID: 38939510 PMCID: PMC11080861 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Sastrawidjaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Digital MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Phuong H. D. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute for Digital MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
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14
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Liu Y, Li YP, Xiao LM, Chen LK, Zheng SY, Zeng EM, Xu CH. Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Carrying circ_0000075 Relieves Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Competitively Inhibiting miR-218-5p and Up-regulating E3 Ubiquitin Ligase SMURF2. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:2801-2818. [PMID: 36732429 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicle (EV)-encapsulated circRNAs have the potential role in affecting brain disorders. However, the role of circ_0000075 in cerebral ischemic injury remains unclear. Here, we tried to investigate the mechanism of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC)-derived EVs carrying circ_0000075 in the control of cerebral ischemic injury. Initially, a mouse model with cerebral ischemic injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by the determination of circ_0000075 expression. Then, neurons were isolated and subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion. BMSCs were isolated for extraction of EVs. The correlation among circ_0000075, microRNA (miR)-218-5p, and Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 2 (SMURF2) was detected with their roles in cerebral ischemic injury analyzed in vivo and in vitro. circ_0000075 was down-regulated in MCAO mice and engineered RVG-EVs were internalized by neurons to up-regulate circ_0000075 expression. Treatment of RVG-circ_0000075-EVs reduced brain tissue damage, increased neuronal count, and significantly curtailed apoptosis rate, suppressing cerebral ischemic injury in vitro and in vivo. miR-218-5p was targeted by circ_0000075 in neurons, which promoted SMURF2 expression. A negative correlation between SMURF2 and transcriptional regulator Yin Yang 1 (YY1) was identified. In vitro experiments further proved that circ_ 00,000 75 could down-regulate the expression of YY1 through SMURF2, and finally relieving cerebral ischemic injury. Collectively, engineered EVs delivered circ_0000075 into brain tissues and increased circ_0000075 expression, which down-regulated miR-218-5p and up-regulated SMURF2, thus alleviating cerebral ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Ping Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Min Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ke Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yue Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Er-Ming Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Hua Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 17, Yongwaizheng Street, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhong H, Geng Y, Gao R, Chen J, Chen Z, Mu X, Zhang Y, Chen X, He J. Decidual derived exosomal miR-99a-5p targets Ppp2r5a to inhibit trophoblast invasion in response to CeO 2NPs exposure. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:14. [PMID: 37081566 PMCID: PMC10116836 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00524-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biological effects of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs), a novel material in the biomedical field, have attracted widespread attention. Our previous study confirmed that exposure to CeO2NPs during pregnancy led to abnormal trophoblast invasion during early placental development, thereby impairing placental development. The potential mechanisms may be related to low-quality decidualization triggered by CeO2NPs exposure, such as an imbalance in trophoblast invasion regulators secreted by decidual cells. However, the intermediate link mediating the "dialogue" between decidual cells and trophoblasts during this process remains unclear. As an important connection between cells, exosomes participate in the "dialogue" between endometrial cells and trophoblasts. Exosomes transfer bioactive microRNA into target cells, which can target and regulate the level of mRNA in target cells. RESULTS Here, we constructed a mice primary uterine stromal cell-induced decidualization model in vitro, and detected the effect of CeO2NPs exposure on the expression of decidual-derived exosomal miRNAs by high-throughput sequencing. Bioinformatics analysis and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to identify target genes of the screened key miRNAs in regulating trophoblast invasion. Finally, the role of the screened miRNAs and their target genes in regulating trophoblast (HTR-8/SVneo cells) invasion was confirmed. The results showed that CeO2NPs exposure inhibited trophoblast invasion by promoting miR-99a-5p expression in decidual-derived exosomes, and Ppp2r5a is a potential target gene for miR-99a-5p to inhibit trophoblast invasion. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the molecular mechanism by which CeO2NPs exposure inhibits trophoblast invasion from the perspective of decidual derived exosomal miRNAs. These results will provide an experimental basis for screening potential therapeutic targets for the negative biological effects of CeO2NPs exposure and new ideas for studying the mechanism of damage to trophoblast cells at the decidual-foetal interface by harmful environmental or occupational factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangtian Zhong
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanqing Geng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rufei Gao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhuxiu Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyi Mu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junlin He
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Yi Xue Yuan Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Reproduction & Development, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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16
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Nawaz M, Heydarkhan‐Hagvall S, Tangruksa B, González‐King Garibotti H, Jing Y, Maugeri M, Kohl F, Hultin L, Reyahi A, Camponeschi A, Kull B, Christoffersson J, Grimsholm O, Jennbacken K, Sundqvist M, Wiseman J, Bidar AW, Lindfors L, Synnergren J, Valadi H. Lipid Nanoparticles Deliver the Therapeutic VEGFA mRNA In Vitro and In Vivo and Transform Extracellular Vesicles for Their Functional Extensions. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206187. [PMID: 36806740 PMCID: PMC10131815 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently used to transport functional mRNAs, such as COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. The delivery of angiogenic molecules, such as therapeutic VEGF-A mRNA, to ischemic tissues for producing new blood vessels is an emerging strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here, the authors deliver VEGF-A mRNA via LNPs and study stoichiometric quantification of their uptake kinetics and how the transport of exogenous LNP-mRNAs between cells is functionally extended by cells' own vehicles called extracellular vesicles (EVs). The results show that cellular uptake of LNPs and their mRNA molecules occurs quickly, and that the translation of exogenously delivered mRNA begins immediately. Following the VEGF-A mRNA delivery to cells via LNPs, a fraction of internalized VEGF-A mRNA is secreted via EVs. The overexpressed VEGF-A mRNA is detected in EVs secreted from three different cell types. Additionally, RNA-Seq analysis reveals that as cells' response to LNP-VEGF-A mRNA treatment, several overexpressed proangiogenic transcripts are packaged into EVs. EVs are further deployed to deliver VEGF-A mRNA in vitro and in vivo. Upon equal amount of VEGF-A mRNA delivery via three EV types or LNPs in vitro, EVs from cardiac progenitor cells are the most efficient in promoting angiogenesis per amount of VEGF-A protein produced. Intravenous administration of luciferase mRNA shows that EVs could distribute translatable mRNA to different organs with the highest amounts of luciferase detected in the liver. Direct injections of VEGF-A mRNA (via EVs or LNPs) into mice heart result in locally produced VEGF-A protein without spillover to liver and circulation. In addition, EVs from cardiac progenitor cells cause minimal production of inflammatory cytokines in cardiac tissue compared with all other treatment types. Collectively, the data demonstrate that LNPs transform EVs as functional extensions to distribute therapeutic mRNA between cells, where EVs deliver this mRNA differently than LNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
| | - Sepideh Heydarkhan‐Hagvall
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DEarly CardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)Bioscience CardiovascularAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
- Systems Biology Research CenterSchool of BioscienceUniversity of SkövdeSkövdeSE‐54128Sweden
| | - Benyapa Tangruksa
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
- Systems Biology Research CenterSchool of BioscienceUniversity of SkövdeSkövdeSE‐54128Sweden
| | - Hernán González‐King Garibotti
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DEarly CardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)Bioscience CardiovascularAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Yujia Jing
- Advanced Drug DeliveryPharmaceutical SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Marco Maugeri
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
- Safety InnovationsClinical Pharmacology and Safety SciencesR&D AstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Franziska Kohl
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DDiscovery SciencesTranslational GenomicsAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteSolnaStockholm17177Sweden
| | - Leif Hultin
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DClinical Pharmacology and Safety ScienceImaging and Data AnalyticsAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Azadeh Reyahi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
| | - Alessandro Camponeschi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
| | - Bengt Kull
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DEarly CardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)Bioscience CardiovascularAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Jonas Christoffersson
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DEarly CardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)Bioscience CardiovascularAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
- Systems Biology Research CenterSchool of BioscienceUniversity of SkövdeSkövdeSE‐54128Sweden
| | - Ola Grimsholm
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaVienna1090Austria
| | - Karin Jennbacken
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DEarly CardiovascularRenal and Metabolism (CVRM)Bioscience CardiovascularAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
| | - John Wiseman
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DDiscovery SciencesTranslational GenomicsAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Abdel Wahad Bidar
- BioPharmaceuticals R&DDiscovery SciencesTranslational GenomicsAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Lennart Lindfors
- Advanced Drug DeliveryPharmaceutical SciencesBioPharmaceuticals R&DAstraZenecaGothenburgMölndal43183Sweden
| | - Jane Synnergren
- Systems Biology Research CenterSchool of BioscienceUniversity of SkövdeSkövdeSE‐54128Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41345Sweden
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation ResearchInstitute of MedicineSahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg41346Sweden
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Zhu Y, Wang S, Chen X. Extracellular Vesicles and Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:57-68. [PMID: 37603272 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by coronary artery obstruction or stenosis, ischemic cardiovascular diseases as advanced stages of coronary heart diseases commonly lead to left ventricular aneurysm, ventricular septal defect, and mitral insufficiency. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by diverse cells in the body exert roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations. With a lipid double-layer membrane and biological components such as DNA, protein, mRNA, microRNAs (miRNA), and siRNA inside, the EVs function as paracrine signaling for the pathophysiology of ischemic cardiovascular diseases and maintenance of the cardiac homeostasis. Unlike stem cell transplantation with the potential tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, the EV-based therapeutic strategy is proposed to satisfy the demand for cardiac repair and regeneration while the circulating EVs detected by a noninvasive approach can act as precious biomarkers. In this chapter, we extensively summarize the cardioprotective functions of native EVs and bioengineered EVs released from stem cells, cardiomyocytes, cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), endothelial cells, fibroblast, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. In addition, the potential of EVs as robust molecule biomarkers is discussed for clinical diagnosis of ischemic cardiovascular disease, attributed to the same pathology of EVs as that of their origin. Finally, we highlight EV-based therapy as a biocompatible alternative to direct cell-based therapy for ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuerui Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Yedigaryan L, Sampaolesi M. Extracellular vesicles and Duchenne muscular dystrophy pathology: Modulators of disease progression. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1130063. [PMID: 36891137 PMCID: PMC9987248 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1130063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a devastating disorder and is considered to be one of the worst forms of inherited muscular dystrophies. DMD occurs as a result of mutations in the dystrophin gene, leading to progressive muscle fiber degradation and weakness. Although DMD pathology has been studied for many years, there are aspects of disease pathogenesis and progression that have not been thoroughly explored yet. The underlying issue with this is that the development of further effective therapies becomes stalled. It is becoming more evident that extracellular vesicles (EVs) may contribute to DMD pathology. EVs are vesicles secreted by cells that exert a multitude of effects via their lipid, protein, and RNA cargo. EV cargo (especially microRNAs) is also said to be a good biomarker for identifying the status of specific pathological processes that occur in dystrophic muscle, such as fibrosis, degeneration, inflammation, adipogenic degeneration, and dilated cardiomyopathy. On the other hand, EVs are becoming more prominent vehicles for custom-engineered cargos. In this review, we will discuss the possible contribution of EVs to DMD pathology, their potential use as biomarkers, and the therapeutic efficacy of both, EV secretion inhibition and custom-engineered cargo delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Yedigaryan
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maurilio Sampaolesi
- Translational Cardiomyology Laboratory, Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Histology and Medical Embryology Unit, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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19
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Hu X, Chen M, Cao X, Yuan X, Zhang F, Ding W. TGF-β-Containing Small Extracellular Vesicles From PM2.5-Activated Macrophages Induces Cardiotoxicity. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:917719. [PMID: 35872905 PMCID: PMC9304575 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.917719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have demonstrated that the exposure to fine particulate matter (aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm, PM2.5) was closely associated with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Our previous studies revealed that PM2.5 exposure induced cardiac dysfunction and fibrosis. However, the corresponding underlying mechanism remains largely unaddressed. Here, PM2.5-induced cardiotoxicity is presented to directly promote collagen deposition in cardiomyocytes through the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-containing small extracellular vesicles (sEV). The sEV transition may play an important role in PM2.5-induced cardiac fibrosis. Firstly, long-term PM2.5 exposure can directly induce cardiac fibrosis and increase the level of serum sEV. Secondly, PM2.5 can directly activate macrophages and increase the release of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and TGF-β-containing sEV. Thirdly, TGF-β-containing sEV increases the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen III in mouse cardiac muscle HL-1 cells. Finally, TGF-β-containing sEV released from PM2.5-treated macrophages can increase collagen through the activation of the TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in HL-1 cells from which some fibroblasts involved in cardiac fibrosis are thought to originate. These findings suggest that TGF-β-containing sEV from PM2.5-activated macrophages play a critical role in the process of increasing cardiac collagen content via activating the TGF-β-Smad2/3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Hu
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Cao
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Yuan
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Fang Zhang
| | - Wenjun Ding
- Laboratory of Environment and Health, College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjun Ding
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Therapeutic Strategy of Mesenchymal-Stem-Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126480. [PMID: 35742923 PMCID: PMC9224400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer membrane particles that play critical roles in intracellular communication through EV-encapsulated informative content, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells with self-renewal ability derived from bone marrow, fat, umbilical cord, menstruation blood, pulp, etc., which they use to induce tissue regeneration by their direct recruitment into injured tissues, including the heart, liver, lung, kidney, etc., or secreting factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or insulin-like growth factor. Recently, MSC-derived EVs have been shown to have regenerative effects against various diseases, partially due to the post-transcriptional regulation of target genes by miRNAs. Furthermore, EVs have garnered attention as novel drug delivery systems, because they can specially encapsulate various target molecules. In this review, we summarize the regenerative effects and molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived EVs.
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21
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Gabisonia K, Khan M, Recchia FA. Extracellular vesicle-mediated bidirectional communication between heart and other organs. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H769-H784. [PMID: 35179973 PMCID: PMC8993522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00659.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a wealth of studies has identified various molecular species released by cardiac muscle under physiological and pathological conditions that exert local paracrine and/or remote endocrine effects. Conversely, humoral factors, principally produced by organs such as skeletal muscle, kidney, or adipose tissue, may affect the function and metabolism of normal and diseased hearts. Although this cross communication within cardiac tissue and between the heart and other organs is supported by mounting evidence, research on the role of molecular mediators carried by exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, collectively defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs), is at an early stage of investigation. Once released in the circulation, EVs can potentially reach any organ where they transfer their cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids that exert potent biological effects on recipient cells. Although there are a few cases where such signaling was clearly demonstrated, the results from many other studies can only be tentatively inferred based on indirect evidence obtained by infusing exogenous EVs in experimental animals or by adding them to cell cultures. This area of research is in rapid expansion and most mechanistic interpretations may change in the near future; hence, the present review on the role played by EV-carried mediators in the two-way communication between heart and skeletal muscle, kidneys, bone marrow, lungs, liver, adipose tissue, and brain is necessarily limited. Nonetheless, the available data are already unveiling new, intriguing, and ample scenarios in cardiac physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatia Gabisonia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Mohsin Khan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Fabio A Recchia
- Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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22
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Adam CA, Șalaru DL, Prisacariu C, Marcu DTM, Sascău RA, Stătescu C. Novel Biomarkers of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease-Latest Insights in the Research Field. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094998. [PMID: 35563387 PMCID: PMC9103799 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The atherosclerotic vascular disease is a cardiovascular continuum in which the main role is attributed to atherosclerosis, from its appearance to its associated complications. The increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors, population ageing, and burden on both the economy and the healthcare system have led to the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the field. The better understanding or discovery of new pathophysiological mechanisms and molecules modulating various signaling pathways involved in atherosclerosis have led to the development of potential new biomarkers, with key role in early, subclinical diagnosis. The evolution of technological processes in medicine has shifted the attention of researchers from the profiling of classical risk factors to the identification of new biomarkers such as midregional pro-adrenomedullin, midkine, stromelysin-2, pentraxin 3, inflammasomes, or endothelial cell-derived extracellular vesicles. These molecules are seen as future therapeutic targets associated with decreased morbidity and mortality through early diagnosis of atherosclerotic lesions and future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Andreea Adam
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
| | - Delia Lidia Șalaru
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
- Correspondence:
| | - Cristina Prisacariu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Dragoș Traian Marius Marcu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Radu Andy Sascău
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
| | - Cristian Stătescu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases “Prof. Dr. George I.M. Georgescu”, 700503 Iași, Romania; (C.A.A.); (C.P.); (R.A.S.); (C.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iași, Romania;
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23
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Wei K, Huang H, Liu M, Shi D, Ma X. Platelet-Derived Exosomes and Atherothrombosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:886132. [PMID: 35498048 PMCID: PMC9051247 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.886132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived exosomes (PLT-Exos) are the main subtype of extracellular vesicles secreted by platelets, which carry proteins, nucleotides, lipids, and other substances to acceptor cells, playing an important role in intercellular communication. PLT-Exos increase with platelet activation and are involved in the process of atherothrombosis by delivering cargo to acceptor cells. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture, causing thrombosis and arterial occlusion, is the basic pathological change leading to cardiovascular events. PLT-Exos from different donors have different functions. PLT-Exos secreted by healthy volunteer or mice can inhibit platelet activation and inflammation of endothelial cells, thus exerting an antithrombotic effect, while PLT-Exos derived from some patients induce endothelial apoptosis and an inflammatory response to promote atherothrombosis. Furthermore, increased PLT-Exos reflect platelet activation and their cargoes also are derived from platelets; therefore, PLT-Exos can also be used as a biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews the characteristics of PLT-Exos and discusses their role in cell-to-cell communication and atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Wei
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Peking University Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Medical School (Xiyuan), Beijing, China
- Dazhuo Shi,
| | - Xiaojuan Ma
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaojuan Ma,
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Campello E, Radu CM, Simion C, Spiezia L, Bulato C, Gavasso S, Tormene D, Perin N, Turatti G, Simioni P. Longitudinal Trend of Plasma Concentrations of Extracellular Vesicles in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:770463. [PMID: 35111751 PMCID: PMC8801799 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.770463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma concentrations of extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from cells involved in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC), their longitudinal trend and association with clinical outcomes were evaluated. Blood samples of consecutive COVID-19 patients admitted to a medical Unit were longitudinally collected within 48 h of admission, at discharge and 30 days post-discharge. EVs were analyzed using high sensitivity flow cytometry and phospholipid-dependent clotting time (PPL). The following EVs were measured: endothelium-, platelet-, leukocyte-derived, bearing tissue factor (TF)+, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2)+, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGF-β)+ and SARS-CoV-2-nucleoprotein (NP)+. 91 patients were recruited for baseline EV analysis (mean age 67 ± 14 years, 50.5% male) and 48 underwent the longitudinal evaluation. From baseline to 30-days post-discharge, we observed significantly decreased plasma concentrations of endothelium-derived EVs (E-Selectin+), endothelium-derived bearing TF (E-Selectin+ TF+), endothelium-derived bearing ACE2 (E-Selectin+ACE2+) and leukocyte-EVs bearing TF (CD45+TF+), p < 0.001, p = 0.03, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, respectively. Conversely, platelet-derived (P-Selectin+) and leukocyte-derived EVs (CD45+) increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (p = 0.038 and 0.032, respectively). EVs TF+, ACE2+, PDGF-β+, and SARS-CoV-2-NP+ did not significantly change during the monitoring. PPL increased from baseline to 30-days post-discharge (+ 6.3 s, p = 0.006). P-Selectin + EVs >1,054/µL were associated with thrombosis (p = 0.024), E-Selectin + EVs ≤531/µL with worsening/death (p 0.026) and 30-days P-Selectin+ and CD45 + EVs with persistent symptoms (p < 0.0001). We confirmed increased EVs originating from cells involved in CAC at admission and discharge. EVs derived from activated pericytes and expressing SARS-CoV-2-NP were also detected. 30-days post-discharge, endothelium-EVs decreased, while platelet- and leukocyte-EVs further increased, indicating that cellular activation persists long after the acute phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Campello
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Maria Radu
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Simion
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Spiezia
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bulato
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Gavasso
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Daniela Tormene
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Perin
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Turatti
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Simioni
- General Medicine and Thrombotic and Hemorrhagic Diseases Unit, Department of Medicine, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
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Zhou G, Zhang M, Zhang J, Feng Y, Xie Z, Liu S, Zhu D, Luo Y. The gene regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in non-obstructive azoospermia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:959487. [PMID: 36060931 PMCID: PMC9436424 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.959487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are classified as small non-coding RNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs, which are involved in a variety of biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis and pathological conditions of various diseases. Many studies have shown that non-coding RNAs are related to spermatogenesis, maturation, apoptosis, function, etc. In addition, the expression of non-coding RNAs in testicular tissue and semen of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia was different. However, the role of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of non-obstructive azoospermia has not been fully elucidated, and the role of non-coding RNAs in non-obstructive azoospermia is rarely reviewed. Here we summarize the research progress of non-coding RNAs in the pathogenesis of non-obstructive azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqing Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mimi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingzhi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaofeng Feng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhishen Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Detu Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yumei Luo, ; Detu Zhu,
| | - Yumei Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory for Clinical Rapid Diagnosis and Early Warning of Infectious Diseases, Kingmed School of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yumei Luo, ; Detu Zhu,
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26
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Nguyen-Truong M, Hematti P, Wang Z. Current status of myocardial restoration via the paracrine function of mesenchymal stromal cells. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H112-H127. [PMID: 34085844 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00217.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been studied for nearly two decades as a therapy for myocardial restoration. An emerging direction to repair myocardium is through their paracrine function, which includes the utilization of MSC-derived conditioned medium or extracellular vesicles. In this review, we go over the unique characteristics of MSCs that make it suitable for "off the shelf," cell-free regenerative therapy, current MSC-derived cell-free approaches including their advantages and disadvantages, and the known mechanisms of action of the paracrine effect of MSCs. With a summary of the clinical trials and preclinical studies of MSC-derived cell-free therapy, we classify the aforementioned mechanisms into angiogenesis, immunomodulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, antiapoptosis, and antioxidation. Particularly, we discuss on ways researchers have worked toward enhancing these desired properties to improve the therapeutic outcomes and the investigation of mechanobiology involved in MSC paracrine function. Lastly, we bring up the remaining challenges in this arising field and suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding and control over the potential of MSC paracrine function for myocardial restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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