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Chacar S, Abdi A, Almansoori K, Alshamsi J, Al Hageh C, Zalloua P, Khraibi AA, Holt SG, Nader M. Role of CaMKII in diabetes induced vascular injury and its interaction with anti-diabetes therapy. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:369-382. [PMID: 38064002 PMCID: PMC10943158 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09855-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder denoted by chronic hyperglycemia that drives maladaptive structural changes and functional damage to the vasculature. Attenuation of this pathological remodeling of blood vessels remains an unmet target owing to paucity of information on the metabolic signatures of this process. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is expressed in the vasculature and is implicated in the control of blood vessels homeostasis. Recently, CaMKII has attracted a special attention in view of its chronic upregulated activity in diabetic tissues, yet its role in the diabetic vasculature remains under investigation.This review highlights the physiological and pathological actions of CaMKII in the diabetic vasculature, with focus on the control of the dialogue between endothelial (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Activation of CaMKII enhances EC and VSMC proliferation and migration, and increases the production of extracellular matrix which leads to maladaptive remodeling of vessels. This is manifested by activation of genes/proteins implicated in the control of the cell cycle, cytoskeleton organization, proliferation, migration, and inflammation. Endothelial dysfunction is paralleled by impaired nitric oxide signaling, which is also influenced by CaMKII signaling (activation/oxidation). The efficiency of CaMKII inhibitors is currently being tested in animal models, with a focus on the genetic pathways involved in the regulation of CaMKII expression (microRNAs and single nucleotide polymorphisms). Interestingly, studies highlight an interaction between the anti-diabetic drugs and CaMKII expression/activity which requires further investigation. Together, the studies reviewed herein may guide pharmacological approaches to improve health-related outcomes in patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chacar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Abdulhamid Abdi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khalifa Almansoori
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jawaher Alshamsi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Cynthia Al Hageh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Pierre Zalloua
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ali A Khraibi
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- SEHA Kidney Care, SEHA, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Moni Nader
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Biotechnology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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Reyes Gaido OE, Nkashama LJ, Schole KL, Wang Q, Umapathi P, Mesubi OO, Konstantinidis K, Luczak ED, Anderson ME. CaMKII as a Therapeutic Target in Cardiovascular Disease. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:249-272. [PMID: 35973713 PMCID: PMC11019858 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051421-111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
CaMKII (the multifunctional Ca2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II) is a highly validated signal for promoting a variety of common diseases, particularly in the cardiovascular system. Despite substantial amounts of convincing preclinical data, CaMKII inhibitors have yet to emerge in clinical practice. Therapeutic inhibition is challenged by the diversity of CaMKII isoforms and splice variants and by physiological CaMKII activity that contributes to learning and memory. Thus, uncoupling the harmful and beneficial aspects of CaMKII will be paramount to developing effective therapies. In the last decade, several targeting strategies have emerged, including small molecules, peptides, and nucleotides, which hold promise in discriminating pathological from physiological CaMKII activity. Here we review the cellular and molecular biology of CaMKII, discuss its role in physiological and pathological signaling, and consider new findings and approaches for developing CaMKII therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E Reyes Gaido
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | | | - Kate L Schole
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Qinchuan Wang
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Priya Umapathi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Olurotimi O Mesubi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Klitos Konstantinidis
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Elizabeth D Luczak
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
- Departments of Physiology and Genetic Medicine and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Roberts-Craig FT, Worthington LP, O’Hara SP, Erickson JR, Heather AK, Ashley Z. CaMKII Splice Variants in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Next Step or Redundancy? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147916. [PMID: 35887264 PMCID: PMC9318135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) help to maintain the normal physiological contractility of arterial vessels to control blood pressure; they can also contribute to vascular disease such as atherosclerosis. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), a multifunctional enzyme with four isoforms and multiple alternative splice variants, contributes to numerous functions within VSMCs. The role of these isoforms has been widely studied across numerous tissue types; however, their functions are still largely unknown within the vasculature. Even more understudied is the role of the different splice variants of each isoform in such signaling pathways. This review evaluates the role of the different CaMKII splice variants in vascular pathological and physiological mechanisms, aiming to show the need for more research to highlight both the deleterious and protective functions of the various splice variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn T. Roberts-Craig
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand;
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
| | - Luke P. Worthington
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Samuel P. O’Hara
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey R. Erickson
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Alison K. Heather
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Zoe Ashley
- Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.P.W.); (S.P.O.); (J.R.E.); (A.K.H.)
- HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-3-479-7646
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Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Regulates CaMKII-Dependent MAPK Signaling to Promote the Initiation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:2502324. [PMID: 34970414 PMCID: PMC8714336 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2502324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the effects of OSA on AAA initiation in a murine model of sleep apnea have not been completely studied. In this paper, Apoe−/− C57BL/6 mice infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) were placed in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) condition for inducing OSA-related AAA. CIH significantly promoted the incidence of AAA and inhibited the survival of mice. By performing ultrasonography and elastic Van Gieson staining, CIH was found to be effective in promoting aortic dilation and elastin degradation. Immunohistochemical and zymography results show that CIH upregulated the expression and activity of MMP2 and MMP9 and upregulated MCP1 expression while downregulating α-SMA expression. Also, CIH exposure promoted ROS generation, apoptosis, and mitochondria damage in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which were measured by ROS assay, TUNEL staining, and transmission electron microscopy. The result of RNA sequencing of mouse aortas displayed that 232 mRNAs were differently expressed between Ang II and Ang II+CIH groups, and CaMKII-dependent p38/Jnk was confirmed as one downstream signaling of CIH. CaMKII-IN-1, an inhibitor of CaMKII, eliminated the effects of CIH on the loss of primary VSMCs. To conclude, a mouse model of OSA-related AAA, which contains the phenotypes of both AAA and OSA, was established in this study. We suggested CIH as a risk factor of AAA initiation through CaMKII-dependent MAPK signaling.
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Redox and Inflammatory Signaling, the Unfolded Protein Response, and the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1304:333-373. [PMID: 34019276 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-68748-9_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding overload and oxidative stress disrupt endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). The altered ER redox state induces further ROS production through UPR signaling that balances the cell fates of survival and apoptosis, contributing to pulmonary microvascular inflammation and dysfunction and driving the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). UPR-induced ROS production through ER calcium release along with NADPH oxidase activity results in endothelial injury and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. ROS and calcium signaling also promote endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, decreasing NO production and increasing vascular resistance through persistent vasoconstriction and SMC proliferation. C/EBP-homologous protein further inhibits eNOS, interfering with endothelial function. UPR-induced NF-κB activity regulates inflammatory processes in lung tissue and contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Conversely, UPR-activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-mediated antioxidant signaling through heme oxygenase 1 attenuates inflammatory cytokine levels and protects against vascular SMC proliferation. A mutation in the bone morphogenic protein type 2 receptor (BMPR2) gene causes misfolded BMPR2 protein accumulation in the ER, implicating the UPR in familial pulmonary arterial hypertension pathogenesis. Altogether, there is substantial evidence that redox and inflammatory signaling associated with UPR activation is critical in PH pathogenesis.
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Wang L, Ginnan RG, Wang YX, Zheng YM. Interactive Roles of CaMKII/Ryanodine Receptor Signaling and Inflammation in Lung Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:305-317. [PMID: 33788199 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multifunctional protein kinase and has been recently recognized to play a vital role in pathological events in the pulmonary system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, asthma, and cancer, so improved understanding of CaMKII signaling has the potential to lead to new therapies for lung diseases. Multiple studies have demonstrated that CaMKII is involved in redox modulation of ryanodine receptors (RyRs). CaMKII can be directly activated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) which then regulates RyR activity, which is essential for Ca2+-dependent processes in lung diseases. Furthermore, both CaMKII and RyRs participate in the inflammation process. However, their role in the pulmonary physiology in response to ROS is still an ambiguous one. Because CaMKII and RyRs are important in pulmonary biology, cell survival, cell cycle control, and inflammation, it is possible that the relationship between ROS and CaMKII/RyRs signal complex will be necessary for understanding and treating lung diseases. Here, we review roles of CaMKII/RyRs in lung diseases to understand with how CaMKII/RyRs may act as a transduction signal to connect prooxidant conditions into specific downstream pathological effects that are relevant to rare and common forms of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.,Department of Cardio-Pulmonary Circulation, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Roman G Ginnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Yong-Xiao Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
| | - Yun-Min Zheng
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA.
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Li SS, Gao S, Chen Y, Bao H, Li ZT, Yao QP, Liu JT, Wang Y, Qi YX. Platelet-derived microvesicles induce calcium oscillations and promote VSMC migration via TRPV4. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:2410-2423. [PMID: 33500733 PMCID: PMC7797689 DOI: 10.7150/thno.47182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Abnormal migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from the media to the interior is a critical process during the intimal restenosis caused by vascular injury. Here, we determined the role of platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) released by activated platelets in VSMC migration. Methods: A percutaneous transluminal angioplasty balloon dilatation catheter was used to establish vascular intimal injury. Collagen I was used to activate PMVs, mimicking collagen exposure during intimal injury. To determine the effects of PMVs on VSMC migration in vitro, scratch wound healing assays were performed. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer was used to detect variations of calcium dynamics in VSMCs. Results: Morphological results showed that neointimal hyperplasia was markedly increased after balloon injury of the carotid artery in rats, and the main component was VSMCs. PMVs significantly promoted single cell migration and wound closure in vitro. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer revealed that PMVs induced temporal and dynamic calcium oscillations in the cytoplasms of VSMCs. The influx of extracellular calcium, but not calcium from intracellular stores, was involved in the process described above. The channel antagonist GSK219 and specific siRNA revealed that a membrane calcium channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), participated in the calcium oscillations and VSMC migration induced by PMVs. Conclusions: TRPV4 participated in the calcium oscillations and VSMC migration induced by PMVs. PMVs and the related molecules might be novel therapeutic targets for vascular remodeling during vascular injury.
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Chen MF. The role of calmodulin and calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Tzu Chi Med J 2021; 34:160-168. [PMID: 35465283 PMCID: PMC9020235 DOI: 10.4103/tcmj.tcmj_119_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that triggers severe thrombotic cardiovascular events, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. In atherosclerotic processes, both macrophages and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are essential cell components in atheromata formation through proinflammatory cytokine secretion, defective efferocytosis, cell migration, and proliferation, primarily controlled by Ca2+-dependent signaling. Calmodulin (CaM), as a versatile Ca2+ sensor in diverse cell types, regulates a broad spectrum of Ca2+-dependent cell functions through the actions of downstream protein kinases. Thus, this review focuses on discussing how CaM and CaM-dependent kinases (CaMKs) regulate the functions of macrophages and VSMCs in atherosclerotic plaque development based on literature from open databases. A central theme in this review is a summary of the mechanisms and consequences underlying CaMK-mediated macrophage inflammation and apoptosis, which are the key processes in necrotic core formation in atherosclerosis. Another central theme is addressing the role of CaM and CaMK-dependent pathways in phenotypic modulation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs in atherosclerotic progression. A complete understanding of CaM and CaMK-controlled individual processes involving macrophages and VSMCs in atherogenesis might provide helpful information for developing potential therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Lee S, Prisby RD. Short-term intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration increased angiogenesis and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in femora of mature and middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1159-1171. [PMID: 32306445 DOI: 10.1113/ep087869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? We sought to assess the effects of intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration on bone angiogenesis, the redistribution of bone marrow blood vessels, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 as a function of advancing age in mice. What is the main finding and its importance? Short-term (i.e. 10 days) intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration increased the number of small (≤29-µm-diameter) bone marrow blood vessels and augmented matrix metalloproteinase 9. These changes occurred before alterations in trabecular bone. Given the rapid response in bone angiogenesis, this investigation highlights the impact of intermittent parathyroid hormone (1-34) administration on the bone vascular network. ABSTRACT Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration augments bone, stimulates the production of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) and relocates bone marrow blood vessels closer to osteoid seams. Discrepancies exist, however, regarding bone angiogenesis. Given that Mmp9 participates in cellular homing and migration, it might aid in blood vessel relocation. We examined the influence of short-term intermittent PTH administration on angiogenesis, Mmp9 secretion and the distance between blood vessels and bone. Mature (6- to 8-month-old) and middle-aged (10- to 12-month-old) male and female C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups: control (CON), and 5 (5dPTH) and 10 days (10dPTH) of intermittent PTH administration. Mice were given PBS (50 µl day-1 ) or PTH(1-34) (43 µg kg-1 day-1 ). Frontal sections (5 µm thick) of the right distal femoral metaphysis were triple-immunolabelled to identify endothelial cells (anti-CD31), vascular smooth muscle cells (anti-αSMA) and Mmp9 (anti-Mmp9). Vascular density, Mmp9 density, area and localization, and blood vessel distance from bone were analysed. Blood vessels were analysed according to diameter: 1-29, 30-100 and 101-200 µm. Trabecular bone microarchitecture and bone static and dynamic properties were assessed. No main effects of age were observed for any variable. The density of CD31-labelled blood vessels 1-29 and 30-100 µm in diameter was higher (P < 0.05) and tended (P = 0.055) to be higher, respectively, in 10dPTH versus 5dPTH and CON. Mmp9 was augmented (P < 0.05) in 10dPTH versus the other groups. Mmp9 was closer (P < 0.05) to blood vessels 1-29 µm in diameter and furthest (P < 0.05) from bone. In conclusion, bone angiogenesis occurred by day 10 of intermittent PTH administration, coinciding with augmented Mmp9 secretion near the smallest blood vessels (1-29 µm in diameter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungyong Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Rhonda D Prisby
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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Liu Y, Sun LY, Singer DV, Ginnan R, Zhao W, Jourd'heuil FL, Jourd'heuil D, Long X, Singer HA. Thymine DNA glycosylase is a key regulator of CaMKIIγ expression and vascular smooth muscle phenotype. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2019; 317:H969-H980. [PMID: 31518169 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00146.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multigene family with isoform-specific regulation of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) functions. In previous studies, we found that vascular injury resulted in VSM dedifferentiation and reduced expression of the CaMKIIγ isoform in medial wall VSM. Smooth muscle knockout of CaMKIIγ enhanced injury-induced VSM neointimal hyperplasia, whereas CaMKIIγ overexpression inhibited VSM proliferation and neointimal formation. In this study, we evaluated DNA cytosine methylation/demethylation as a mechanism for regulating CaMKII isoform expression in VSM. Inhibition of cytosine methylation with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine significantly upregulated CaMKIIγ expression in cultured VSM cells and inhibited CaMKIIγ downregulation in organ-cultured aorta ex vivo. With the use of methylated cytosine immunoprecipitation, the rat Camk2g promoter was found hypomethylated in differentiated VSM, whereas injury- or cell culture-induced VSM dedifferentiation coincided with Camk2g promoter methylation and decreased expression. We report for the first time that VSM cell phenotype switching is accompanied by marked induction of thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) protein and mRNA expression in injured arteries in vivo and in cultured VSM synthetic phenotype cells. Silencing Tdg in VSM promoted expression of CaMKIIγ and differentiation markers, including myocardin, and inhibited VSM cell proliferation and injury-induced neointima formation. This study indicates that CaMKIIγ expression in VSM is regulated by cytosine methylation/demethylation and that TDG is an important determinant of this process and, more broadly, VSM phenotype switching and function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Expression of the calcium calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-γ isoform (CaMKIIγ) is associated with differentiated vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and negatively regulates proliferation in VSM synthetic phenotype (VSMSyn) cells. This study demonstrates that thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) plays a key role in regulating CaMKIIγ expression in VSM through promoter cytosine methylation/demethylation. TDG expression is strongly induced in VSMSyn cells and plays key roles in negatively regulating CaMKIIγ expression and more broadly VSM phenotype switching.
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Affiliation(s)
- YongFeng Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Li-Yan Sun
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Diane V Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Roman Ginnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Wen Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Frances L Jourd'heuil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - David Jourd'heuil
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Xiaochun Long
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
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Qu J, Mei Q, Niu R. Oxidative CaMKII as a potential target for inflammatory disease (Review). Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:863-870. [PMID: 31173191 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CaMKII is a calcium‑activated kinase, proved to be modulated by oxidation. Currently, the oxidative activation of CaMKII exists in several models of asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, acute ischemic stroke and cancer. Oxidized CaMKII (ox‑CaMKII) may be important in several of these diseases. The present review examines the mechanism underlying the oxidative activation of CaMKII and summarizes the current findings associated with the function of ox‑CaMKII in inflammatory diseases. Taken together, the findings of this review aim to improve current understanding of the function of ox‑CaMKII and provide novel insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Qu
- Department of Lung Cancer and Gastroenterology, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Quanhui Mei
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
| | - Ruichao Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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McCluskey C, Mooney L, Paul A, Currie S. Compromised cardiovascular function in aged rats corresponds with increased expression and activity of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIδ in aortic endothelium. Vascul Pharmacol 2019; 118-119:106560. [PMID: 31051256 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is the greatest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) plays a fundamental role in the pathology of heart disease yet a potential role for CaMKIIδ in cardiovascular pathology associated with ageing remains unclear. Taking a combined in vivo and in vitro approach, we have for the first time investigated whether CaMKIIδ expression and CaMKII activity may be altered following age-related cardiovascular deterioration. Both cardiac contractility and aortic blood flow are compromised in aged rats and we have shown that this occurs in parallel with increased inflammation and crucially, autonomous activation of CaMKII. Endothelial cells isolated from young and aged aortae exhibit differences in cell phenotype and physiology. In line with observations in aortic tissue, aged aortic endothelial cells also show increased basal levels of pro-inflammatory markers and oxidative stress with concurrent increased basal activation of CaMKII. These results are the first to demonstrate that elevated CaMKIIδ expression and CaMKII activation occur in parallel with the pathological progression associated with ageing of the heart and vasculature. Specifically, CaMKIIδ expression is significantly increased and activated in the endothelium of aged aorta. As such, CaMKIIδ could serve as an important marker of endothelial dysfunction that accompanies the ageing process and may be an appropriate candidate for investigating targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire McCluskey
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Mooney
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Paul
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Currie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom.
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14
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Brzozowski JS, Skelding KA. The Multi-Functional Calcium/Calmodulin Stimulated Protein Kinase (CaMK) Family: Emerging Targets for Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Intervention. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12010008. [PMID: 30621060 PMCID: PMC6469190 DOI: 10.3390/ph12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of Ca2+ signalling in key events of cancer cell function and tumour progression, such as proliferation, migration, invasion and survival, has recently begun to be appreciated. Many cellular Ca2+-stimulated signalling cascades utilise the intermediate, calmodulin (CaM). The Ca2+/CaM complex binds and activates a variety of enzymes, including members of the multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated protein kinase (CaMK) family. These enzymes control a broad range of cancer-related functions in a multitude of tumour types. Herein, we explore the cancer-related functions of these kinases and discuss their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S Brzozowski
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Kathryn A Skelding
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation and Translation, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) and University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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15
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Zhi H, Gong FH, Cheng WL, Zhu K, Chen L, Yao Y, Ye X, Zhu XY, Li H. Tollip Negatively Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell-Mediated Neointima Formation by Suppressing Akt-Dependent Signaling. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e006851. [PMID: 29887521 PMCID: PMC6220530 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tollip, a well-established endogenous modulator of Toll-like receptor signaling, is involved in cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Tollip in neointima formation and its associated mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, transient increases in Tollip expression were observed in platelet-derived growth factor-BB-treated vascular smooth muscle cells and following vascular injury in mice. We then applied loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches to elucidate the effects of Tollip on neointima formation. While exaggerated neointima formation was observed in Tollip-deficient murine neointima formation models, Tollip overexpression alleviated vascular injury-induced neointima formation by preventing vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and migration. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that Tollip overexpression may exert a protective role in the vasculature by suppressing Akt-dependent signaling, which was further confirmed in rescue experiments using the Akt-specific inhibitor (AKTI). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that Tollip protects against neointima formation by negatively regulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, dedifferentiation, and migration in an Akt-dependent manner. Upregulation of Tollip may be a promising strategy for treating vascular remodeling-related diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Carotid Artery, External/enzymology
- Carotid Artery, External/pathology
- Cell Dedifferentiation
- Cell Movement
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/deficiency
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Neointima
- Peripheral Arterial Disease/enzymology
- Peripheral Arterial Disease/pathology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhi
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fu-Han Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Lin Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kongbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xingzhou Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Yong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Basic Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Model Animal of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Nguyen EK, Koval OM, Noble P, Broadhurst K, Allamargot C, Wu M, Strack S, Thiel WH, Grumbach IM. CaMKII (Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Kinase II) in Mitochondria of Smooth Muscle Cells Controls Mitochondrial Mobility, Migration, and Neointima Formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:1333-1345. [PMID: 29599132 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.310951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study is to define the mechanisms by which mitochondria control vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and impact neointimal hyperplasia. APPROACH AND RESULTS The multifunctional CaMKII (Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II) in the mitochondrial matrix of VSMC drove a feed-forward circuit with the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) to promote matrix Ca2+ influx. MCU was necessary for the activation of mitochondrial CaMKII (mtCaMKII), whereas mtCaMKII phosphorylated MCU at the regulatory site S92 that promotes Ca2+ entry. mtCaMKII was necessary and sufficient for platelet-derived growth factor-induced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. This effect was dependent on MCU. mtCaMKII and MCU inhibition abrogated VSMC migration and mitochondrial translocation to the leading edge. Overexpression of wild-type MCU, but not MCU S92A, mutant in MCU-/- VSMC rescued migration and mitochondrial mobility. Inhibition of microtubule, but not of actin assembly, blocked mitochondrial mobility. The outer mitochondrial membrane GTPase Miro-1 promotes mitochondrial mobility via microtubule transport but arrests it in subcellular domains of high Ca2+ concentrations. In Miro-1-/- VSMC, mitochondrial mobility and VSMC migration were abolished, and overexpression of mtCaMKII or a CaMKII inhibitory peptide in mitochondria (mtCaMKIIN) had no effect. Consistently, inhibition of mtCaMKII increased and prolonged cytosolic Ca2+ transients. mtCaMKII inhibition diminished phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase and myosin light chain, leading to reduced focal adhesion turnover and cytoskeletal remodeling. In a transgenic model of selective mitochondrial CaMKII inhibition in VSMC, neointimal hyperplasia was significantly reduced after vascular injury. CONCLUSIONS These findings identify mitochondrial CaMKII as a key regulator of mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake via MCU, thereby controlling mitochondrial translocation and VSMC migration after vascular injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Nguyen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.).,Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology (E.K.N.)
| | - Olha M Koval
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Paige Noble
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Kim Broadhurst
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | | | - Meng Wu
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy (M.W.).,High Throughput Screening Facility (M.W.).,Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine (M.W.)
| | - Stefan Strack
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine (S.S.)
| | - William H Thiel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.).,François Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (W.H.T., I.M.G.)
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine (E.K.N., O.M.K., P.N., K.B., W.H.T., I.M.G.) .,François Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center (W.H.T., I.M.G.).,Iowa City Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (I.M.G.), University of Iowa, Iowa City
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17
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Calmodulin promotes matrix metalloproteinase 9 production and cell migration by inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of TBC1D3 oncoprotein in human breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:36383-36398. [PMID: 28422741 PMCID: PMC5482662 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hominoid oncoprotein TBC1D3 enhances growth factor (GF) signaling and GF signaling, conversely, induces the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TBC1D3. However, little is known regarding the regulation of this degradation, and the role of TBC1D3 in the progression of tumors has also not been defined. In the present study, we demonstrated that calmodulin (CaM), a ubiquitous cellular calcium sensor, specifically interacted with TBC1D3 in a Ca2+-dependent manner and inhibited GF signaling-induced ubiquitination and degradation of the oncoprotein in both cytoplasm and nucleus of human breast cancer cells. The CaM-interacting site of TBC1D3 was mapped to amino acids 157~171, which comprises two 1–14 hydrophobic motifs and one lysine residue (K166). Deletion of these motifs was shown to abolish interaction between TBC1D3 and CaM. Surprisingly, this deletion mutation caused inability of GF signaling to induce the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of TBC1D3. In agreement with this, we identified lysine residue 166 within the CaM-interacting motifs of TBC1D3 as the actual site for the GF signaling-induced ubiquitination using mutational analysis. Point mutation of this lysine residue exhibited the same effect on TBC1D3 as the deletion mutant, suggesting that CaM inhibits GF signaling-induced degradation of TBC1D3 by occluding its ubiquitination at K166. Notably, we found that TBC1D3 promoted the expression and activation of MMP-9 and the migration of MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, interaction with CaM considerably enhanced such effect of TBC1D3. Taken together, our work reveals a novel model by which CaM promotes cell migration through inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of TBC1D3.
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18
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Ebenebe OV, Heather A, Erickson JR. CaMKII in Vascular Signalling: "Friend or Foe"? Heart Lung Circ 2017; 27:560-567. [PMID: 29409723 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Signalling mechanisms within and between cells of the vasculature enable function and maintain homeostasis. However, a number of these mechanisms also contribute to the pathophysiology of vascular disease states. The multifunctional signalling molecule calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) has been shown to have critical functional effects in many tissue types. For example, CaMKII is known to have a dual role in cardiac physiology and pathology. The function of CaMKII within the vasculature is incompletely understood, but emerging evidence points to potential physiological and pathological roles. This review discusses the evidence for CaMKII signalling within the vasculature, with the aim to better understand both positive and potentially deleterious effects of CaMKII activation in vascular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obialunanma V Ebenebe
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Alison Heather
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand.
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19
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Saddouk FZ, Ginnan R, Singer HA. Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II in Vascular Smooth Muscle. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2016; 78:171-202. [PMID: 28212797 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ca2+-dependent signaling pathways are central regulators of differentiated vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractile function. In addition, Ca2+ signals regulate VSM gene transcription, proliferation, and migration of dedifferentiated or "synthetic" phenotype VSM cells. Synthetic phenotype VSM growth and hyperplasia are hallmarks of pervasive vascular diseases including hypertension, atherosclerosis, postangioplasty/in-stent restenosis, and vein graft failure. The serine/threonine protein kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a ubiquitous mediator of intracellular Ca2+ signals. Its multifunctional nature, structural complexity, diversity of isoforms, and splice variants all characterize this protein kinase and make study of its activity and function challenging. The kinase has unique autoregulatory mechanisms, and emerging studies suggest that it can function to integrate Ca2+ and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species signaling. Differentiated VSM expresses primarily CaMKIIγ and -δ isoforms. CaMKIIγ isoform expression correlates closely with the differentiated phenotype, and some studies link its function to regulation of contractile activity and Ca2+ homeostasis. Conversely, synthetic phenotype VSM cells primarily express CaMKIIδ and substantial evidence links it to regulation of gene transcription, proliferation, and migration of VSM in vitro, and vascular hypertrophic and hyperplastic remodeling in vivo. CaMKIIδ and -γ isoforms have opposing functions at the level of cell cycle regulation, proliferation, and VSM hyperplasia in vivo. Isoform switching following vascular injury is a key step in promoting vascular remodeling. Recent availability of genetically engineered mice with smooth muscle deletion of specific isoforms and transgenics expressing an endogenous inhibitor protein (CAMK2N) has enabled a better understanding of CaMKII function in VSM and should facilitate future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Z Saddouk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - R Ginnan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - H A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States.
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20
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Differentiation of Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells into Smooth Muscle Cells Is Modulated by CaMKIIγ. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1267480. [PMID: 27493668 PMCID: PMC4963582 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1267480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is known to participate in maintenance and switches of smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypes. However, which isoform of CaMKII is involved in differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells into contractile SMCs remains unclear. In the present study, we detected γ isoform of CaMKII in differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells (hASCs) into SMCs that resulted from treatment with TGF-β1 and BMP4 in combination for 7 days. The results showed that CaMKIIγ increased gradually during differentiation of hASCs as determined by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of CaMKIIγ decreased the protein levels and transcriptional levels of smooth muscle contractile markers (a-SMA, SM22a, calponin, and SM-MHC), while CaMKIIγ overexpression increases the transcriptional and protein levels of smooth muscle contractile markers. These results suggested that γ isoform of CaMKII plays a significant role in smooth muscle differentiation of hASCs.
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21
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Toussaint F, Charbel C, Allen BG, Ledoux J. Vascular CaMKII: heart and brain in your arteries. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C462-78. [PMID: 27306369 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00341.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
First characterized in neuronal tissues, the multifunctional calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a key signaling component in several mammalian biological systems. Its unique capacity to integrate various Ca(2+) signals into different specific outcomes is a precious asset to excitable and nonexcitable cells. Numerous studies have reported roles and mechanisms involving CaMKII in brain and heart tissues. However, corresponding functions in vascular cell types (endothelium and vascular smooth muscle cells) remained largely unexplored until recently. Investigation of the intracellular Ca(2+) dynamics, their impact on vascular cell function, the regulatory processes involved and more recently the spatially restricted oscillatory Ca(2+) signals and microdomains triggered significant interest towards proteins like CaMKII. Heteromultimerization of CaMKII isoforms (four isoforms and several splice variants) expands this kinase's peculiar capacity to decipher Ca(2+) signals and initiate specific signaling processes, and thus controlling cellular functions. The physiological functions that rely on CaMKII are unsurprisingly diverse, ranging from regulating contractile state and cellular proliferation to Ca(2+) homeostasis and cellular permeability. This review will focus on emerging evidence of CaMKII as an essential component of the vascular system, with a focus on the kinase isoform/splice variants and cellular system studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Toussaint
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Chimène Charbel
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Bruce G Allen
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan Ledoux
- Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Quebec, Canada; and
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22
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Chen YF, Hsu KF, Shen MR. The store-operated Ca 2+ entry-mediated signaling is important for cancer spread. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1427-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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MicroRNA-30 inhibits neointimal hyperplasia by targeting Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ). Sci Rep 2016; 6:26166. [PMID: 27199283 PMCID: PMC4873751 DOI: 10.1038/srep26166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ-isoform (CaMKIIδ) promotes vascular smooth muscle (VSM) proliferation, migration, and injury-induced vascular wall neointima formation. The objective of this study was to test if microRNA-30 (miR-30) family members are endogenous regulators of CaMKIIδ expression following vascular injury and whether ectopic expression of miR-30 can inhibit CaMKIIδ-dependent VSM cell function and neointimal VSM hyperplasia induced by vascular injury. The CaMKIIδ 3′UTR contains a consensus miR-30 binding sequence that is highly conserved across species. A significant decrease in miR-30 family members and increase in CaMKIIδ2 protein expression, with no change in CaMKIIδ mRNA expression, was observed in medial layers of VSM 7 days post-injury. In vitro, overexpression of miR-30c or miR-30e inhibited CaMKIIδ2 protein expression by ~50% in cultured rat aortic VSM cells, and inhibited VSM cell proliferation and migration. In vivo, lenti-viral delivery of miR-30c into injured rat carotid arteries prevented the injury-induced increase in CaMKIIδ2. Furthermore, neointima formation was dramatically inhibited by lenti-viral delivery of miR-30c in the injured medial smooth muscle. These studies define a novel mechanism for regulating CaMKIIδ expression in VSM and provide a new potential therapeutic strategy to reduce progression of vascular proliferative diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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24
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Gu SX, Blokhin IO, Wilson KM, Dhanesha N, Doddapattar P, Grumbach IM, Chauhan AK, Lentz SR. Protein methionine oxidation augments reperfusion injury in acute ischemic stroke. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e86460. [PMID: 27294204 PMCID: PMC4902298 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.86460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Reperfusion injury can exacerbate tissue damage in ischemic stroke, but little is known about the mechanisms linking ROS to stroke severity. Here, we tested the hypothesis that protein methionine oxidation potentiates NF-κB activation and contributes to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. We found that overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA), an antioxidant enzyme that reverses protein methionine oxidation, attenuated ROS-augmented NF-κB activation in endothelial cells, in part, by protecting against the oxidation of methionine residues in the regulatory domain of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). In a murine model, MsrA deficiency resulted in increased NF-κB activation and neutrophil infiltration, larger infarct volumes, and more severe neurological impairment after transient cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. This phenotype was prevented by inhibition of NF-κB or CaMKII. MsrA-deficient mice also exhibited enhanced leukocyte rolling and upregulation of E-selectin, an endothelial NF-κB-dependent adhesion molecule known to contribute to neurovascular inflammation in ischemic stroke. Finally, bone marrow transplantation experiments demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect was mediated by MsrA expressed in nonhematopoietic cells. These findings suggest that protein methionine oxidation in nonmyeloid cells is a key mechanism of postischemic oxidative injury mediated by NF-κB activation, leading to neutrophil recruitment and neurovascular inflammation in acute ischemic stroke.
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25
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Saddouk FZ, Sun LY, Liu YF, Jiang M, Singer DV, Backs J, Van Riper D, Ginnan R, Schwarz JJ, Singer HA. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-γ (CaMKIIγ) negatively regulates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and vascular remodeling. FASEB J 2015; 30:1051-64. [PMID: 26567004 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-279158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle (VSM) expresses calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-δ and -γ isoforms. CaMKIIδ promotes VSM proliferation and vascular remodeling. We tested CaMKIIγ function in vascular remodeling after injury. CaMKIIγ protein decreased 90% 14 d after balloon injury in rat carotid artery. Intraluminal transduction of adenovirus encoding CaMKIIγC rescued expression to 35% of uninjured controls, inhibited neointima formation (>70%), inhibited VSM proliferation (>60%), and increased expression of the cell-cycle inhibitor p21 (>2-fold). Comparable doses of CaMKIIδ2 adenovirus had no effect. Similar dynamics in CaMKIIγ mRNA and protein expression were observed in ligated mouse carotid arteries, correlating closely with expression of VSM differentiation markers. Targeted deletion of CaMKIIγ in smooth muscle resulted in a 20-fold increase in neointimal area, with a 3-fold increase in the cell proliferation index, no change in apoptosis, and a 60% decrease in p21 expression. In cultured VSM, CaMKIIγ overexpression induced p53 mRNA (1.7 fold) and protein (1.8-fold) expression; induced the p53 target gene p21 (3-fold); decreased VSM cell proliferation (>50%); and had no effect on expression of apoptosis markers. We conclude that regulated CaMKII isoform composition is an important determinant of the injury-induced vasculoproliferative response and that CaMKIIγ and -δ isoforms have nonequivalent, opposing functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z Saddouk
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Li-Yan Sun
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yong Feng Liu
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Miao Jiang
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Diane V Singer
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Backs
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dee Van Riper
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roman Ginnan
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - John J Schwarz
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harold A Singer
- *Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA; and Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Pneumology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Quijada P, Hariharan N, Cubillo JD, Bala KM, Emathinger JM, Wang BJ, Ormachea L, Bers DM, Sussman MA, Poizat C. Nuclear Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II Signaling Enhances Cardiac Progenitor Cell Survival and Cardiac Lineage Commitment. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:25411-26. [PMID: 26324717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.657775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca(2+)/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling in the heart regulates cardiomyocyte contractility and growth in response to elevated intracellular Ca(2+). The δB isoform of CaMKII is the predominant nuclear splice variant in the adult heart and regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophic gene expression by signaling to the histone deacetylase HDAC4. However, the role of CaMKIIδ in cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) has not been previously explored. During post-natal growth endogenous CPCs display primarily cytosolic CaMKIIδ, which localizes to the nuclear compartment of CPCs after myocardial infarction injury. CPCs undergoing early differentiation in vitro increase levels of CaMKIIδB in the nuclear compartment where the kinase may contribute to the regulation of CPC commitment. CPCs modified with lentiviral-based constructs to overexpress CaMKIIδB (CPCeδB) have reduced proliferative rate compared with CPCs expressing eGFP alone (CPCe). Additionally, stable expression of CaMKIIδB promotes distinct morphological changes such as increased cell surface area and length of cells compared with CPCe. CPCeδB are resistant to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) relative to CPCe, whereas knockdown of CaMKIIδB resulted in an up-regulation of cell death and cellular senescence markers compared with scrambled treated controls. Dexamethasone (Dex) treatment increased mRNA and protein expression of cardiomyogenic markers cardiac troponin T and α-smooth muscle actin in CPCeδB compared with CPCe, suggesting increased differentiation. Therefore, CaMKIIδB may serve as a novel modulatory protein to enhance CPC survival and commitment into the cardiac and smooth muscle lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Quijada
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Nirmala Hariharan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Jonathan D Cubillo
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Kristin M Bala
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | | | - Bingyan J Wang
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Lucia Ormachea
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California 95616, and
| | - Mark A Sussman
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182
| | - Coralie Poizat
- From the Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182, Cardiovascular Research Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Regulation of thrombosis and vascular function by protein methionine oxidation. Blood 2015; 125:3851-9. [PMID: 25900980 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2015-01-544676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is fundamental to both normal cellular homeostasis and pathological states associated with excessive oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species function not only as signaling molecules but also as redox regulators of protein function. In the vascular system, redox reactions help regulate key physiologic responses such as cell adhesion, vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, angiogenesis, inflammatory gene expression, and apoptosis. During pathologic states, altered redox balance can cause vascular cell dysfunction and affect the equilibrium between procoagulant and anticoagulant systems, contributing to thrombotic vascular disease. This review focuses on the emerging role of a specific reversible redox reaction, protein methionine oxidation, in vascular disease and thrombosis. A growing number of cardiovascular and hemostatic proteins are recognized to undergo reversible methionine oxidation, in which methionine residues are posttranslationally oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. Protein methionine oxidation can be reversed by the action of stereospecific enzymes known as methionine sulfoxide reductases. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II is a prototypical methionine redox sensor that responds to changes in the intracellular redox state via reversible oxidation of tandem methionine residues in its regulatory domain. Several other proteins with oxidation-sensitive methionine residues, including apolipoprotein A-I, thrombomodulin, and von Willebrand factor, may contribute to vascular disease and thrombosis.
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Aguado A, Rodríguez C, Martínez-Revelles S, Avendaño MS, Zhenyukh O, Orriols M, Martínez-González J, Alonso MJ, Briones AM, Dixon DA, Salaices M. HuR mediates the synergistic effects of angiotensin II and IL-1β on vascular COX-2 expression and cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:3028-42. [PMID: 25653183 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin II (AngII) and IL-1β are involved in cardiovascular diseases through the induction of inflammatory pathways. HuR is an adenylate- and uridylate-rich element (ARE)-binding protein involved in the mRNA stabilization of many genes. This study investigated the contribution of HuR to the increased expression of COX-2 induced by AngII and IL-1β and its consequences on VSMC migration and remodelling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rat and human VSMCs were stimulated with AngII (0.1 μM) and/or IL-1β (10 ng · mL(-1)). Mice were infused with AngII or subjected to carotid artery ligation. mRNA and protein levels were assayed by quantitative PCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Cell migration was measured by wound healing and transwell assays. KEY RESULTS In VSMCs, AngII potentiated COX-2 and tenascin-C expressions and cell migration induced by IL-1β. This effect of AngII on IL-1β-induced COX-2 expression was accompanied by increased COX-2 3' untranslated region reporter activity and mRNA stability, mediated through cytoplasmic HuR translocation and COX-2 mRNA binding. These effects were blocked by ERK1/2 and HuR inhibitors. VSMC migration was reduced by blockade of ERK1/2, HuR, COX-2, TXAS, TP and EP receptors. HuR, COX-2, mPGES-1 and TXAS expressions were increased in AngII-infused mouse aortas and in carotid-ligated arteries. AngII-induced tenascin-C expression and vascular remodelling were abolished by celecoxib and by mPGES-1 deletion. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The synergistic induction of COX-2 by AngII and IL-1β in VSMCs involves HuR through an ERK1/2-dependent mechanism. The HuR/COX-2 axis participates in cell migration and vascular damage. HuR might be a novel target to modulate vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aguado
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Martínez-Revelles
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - M S Avendaño
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - O Zhenyukh
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - M Orriols
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Martínez-González
- Centro de Investigación Cardiovascular (CSIC-ICCC), IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M J Alonso
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Spain
| | - A M Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - D A Dixon
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - M Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
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Wang XP, Cheng ZY, Schmid KL. GABAB receptors are expressed in human aortic smooth muscle cells and regulate the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. Heart Vessels 2015; 30:249-57. [PMID: 24682435 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-014-0499-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of GABAB receptors, a subclass of receptors to the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAB), in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs), and to explore if altering receptor activation modified intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]i) of HASMCs. Real-time PCR, western blots and immunofluorescence were used to determine the expression of GABABR1 and GABABR2 in cultured HASMCs. Immunohistochemistry was used to localize the two subunits in human left anterior descending artery (LAD). The effects of the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen on [Ca(2+)]i in cultured HASMCs were demonstrated using fluo-3. Both GABABR1 and GABABR2 mRNA and protein were identified in cultured HASMCs and antibody staining was also localized to smooth muscle cells of human LAD. 100 μM baclofen caused a transient increase of [Ca(2+)]i in cultured HASMCs regardless of whether Ca(2+) was added to the medium, and the effects were inhibited by pre-treatment with CGP46381 (selective GABAB receptor antagonist), pertussis toxin (a Gi/o protein inhibitor), and U73122 (a phospholipase C blocker). GABAB receptors are expressed in HASMCs and regulate the [Ca(2+)]i via a Gi/o-coupled receptor pathway and a phospholipase C activation pathway.
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MESH Headings
- Aorta/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium Signaling/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Enzyme Activation
- GABA Agonists/pharmacology
- GABA Antagonists/pharmacology
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- Humans
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Receptors, GABA-B/drug effects
- Receptors, GABA-B/genetics
- Receptors, GABA-B/metabolism
- Type C Phospholipases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ping Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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30
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Liu Z, Han G, Cao Y, Wang Y, Gong H. Calcium/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase II enhances metastasis of human gastric cancer by upregulating nuclear factor‑κB and Akt‑mediated matrix metalloproteinase‑9 production. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2459-64. [PMID: 25174603 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin‑dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is a multi-functional serine/threonine protein kinase, involved in processes that cause tumor progression, including cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and differentiation. However, the role of CaMKII in cancer cell metastasis has not been fully elucidated. In the present study, the function of CaMKII in gastric cancer cell metastasis is reported. Firstly, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of H282R (constitutively active CaMKII) enhanced gastric cancer cell migration and invasion, and the inhibition of CaMKII activity by KN‑62 decreased gastric cancer cell metastasis. Furthermore, H282R upregulated matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9) expression and production, which were dependent on CaMKII‑mediated increase in nuclear factor (NF)‑κB and Akt activation. Finally, CaMKII activation, through phosphorylation of the Thr 286 site, was significantly increased in the metastatic gastric cancer tissues compared with non‑metastatic tissues, suggesting that CaMKII has an important function in the regulation of gastric cancer cell metastasis. Collectively, the present study demonstrated that CaMKII promotes gastric cancer cell metastasis by NF‑κB and Akt‑mediated‑MMP‑9 production. These findings suggest a novel function of CaMKII in the control of gastric cancer metastasis, offering a promising target for future therapeutics to treat and prevent gastric cancer metastases via the inhibition of CaMKII activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Gang Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Hangjun Gong
- Department of General Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Mohamed TMA, Zi M, Prehar S, Maqsood A, Abou-Leisa R, Nguyen L, Pfeifer GP, Cartwright EJ, Neyses L, Oceandy D. The tumour suppressor Ras-association domain family protein 1A (RASSF1A) regulates TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:47-59. [PMID: 24776599 PMCID: PMC4207857 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac contractility. Although cardiomyocytes are known to express the TNF-α receptors (TNFRs), the mechanism of TNF-α signal transmission is incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the tumour suppressor Ras-association domain family protein 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) modulates TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes. Methods and results We used RASSF1A knockout (RASSF1A−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates in this study. Acute stimulation with a low dose of TNF-α (10 µg/kg iv) increased cardiac contractility and intracellular calcium transients' amplitude in WT mice. In contrast, RASSF1A−/− mice showed a blunted contractile response. Mechanistically, RASSF1A was essential in the formation of the TNFR complex (TNFRC), where it functions as an adaptor molecule to facilitate the recruitment of TNFR type 1-associated death domain protein and TNFR-associated factor 2 to form the TNF-α receptor complex. In the absence of RASSF1A, signal transmission from the TNF-α receptor complex to the downstream effectors, such as cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 and protein kinase A, was attenuated leading to the reduction in the activation of calcium handling molecules, such as L-type Ca2+ channel and ryanodine receptors. Conclusion Our data indicate an essential role of RASSF1A in regulating TNF-α signalling in cardiomyocytes, with RASSF1A being key in the formation of the TNFRC and in signal transmission to the downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer M A Mohamed
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, EL-Sharkiah, Egypt J David Gladstone Research Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Zi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Sukhpal Prehar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Arfa Maqsood
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Riham Abou-Leisa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Loan Nguyen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Gerd P Pfeifer
- Division of Biology, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ludwig Neyses
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Delvac Oceandy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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32
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Zhu LJ, Klutho PJ, Scott JA, Xie L, Luczak ED, Dibbern ME, Prasad AM, Jaffer OA, Venema AN, Nguyen EK, Guan X, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. Oxidative activation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) regulates vascular smooth muscle migration and apoptosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 60:75-83. [PMID: 24418021 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. CaMKII can be directly activated by ROS through oxidation. In this study, we determined whether abolishing the oxidative activation site of CaMKII alters vascular smooth muscle cell (VCMC) proliferation, migration and apoptosis in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo. VSMC isolated from a knock-in mouse with oxidation-resistant CaMKIIδ (CaMKII M2V) displayed similar proliferation but decreased migration and apoptosis. Surprisingly, ROS production and expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits p47 and p22 were decreased in M2V VSMC, whereas superoxide dismutase 2 protein expression was upregulated. In vivo, after carotid artery ligation, no differences in neointimal size or remodeling were observed. In contrast to VSMC, CaMKII expression and autonomous activity were significantly higher in M2V compared to WT carotid arteries, suggesting that an autoregulatory mechanism determines CaMKII activity in vivo. Our findings demonstrate that preventing oxidative activation of CaMKII decreases migration and apoptosis in vitro and suggest that CaMKII regulates ROS production. Our study presents novel evidence that CaMKII expression in vivo is regulated by a negative feedback loop following oxidative activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | - Jason A Scott
- Department of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Omar A Jaffer
- Department of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | | | | | - Xiaoqun Guan
- Department of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States; Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Isabella M Grumbach
- Department of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, United States; Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States.
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Liu Y, Sun LY, Singer DV, Ginnan R, Singer HA. CaMKIIδ-dependent inhibition of cAMP-response element-binding protein activity in vascular smooth muscle. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:33519-33529. [PMID: 24106266 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.490870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One transcription factor mediator of Ca(2+)-signals is cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB). CREB expression and/or activity negatively correlates with vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell proliferation and migration. Multifunctional Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, including CaMKII, have been demonstrated to regulate CREB activity through both positive and negative phosphorylation events in vitro, but the function of CaMKII as a proximal regulator of CREB in intact cell systems, including VSM, is not clear. In this study, we used gain- and loss-of-function approaches to determine the function of CaMKIIδ in regulating CREB phosphorylation, localization, and activity in VSM. Overexpression of constitutively active CaMKIIδ specifically increased CREB phosphorylation on Ser(142) and silencing CaMKIIδ expression by siRNA or blocking endogenous CaMKII activity with KN93 abolished thrombin- or ionomycin-induced CREB phosphorylation on Ser(142) without affecting Ser(133) phosphorylation. CREB-Ser(142) phosphorylation correlated with transient nucleocytoplasmic translocation of CREB. Thrombin-induced CREB promoter activity, CREB binding to Sik1 and Rgs2 promoters, and Sik1/Rgs2 transcription were enhanced by a kinase-negative CaMKIIδ2 (K43A) mutant and inhibited by a constitutively active (T287D) mutant. Taken together, these studies establish negative regulation of CREB activity by endogenous CaMKIIδ-dependent CREB-Ser(142) phosphorylation and suggest a potential mechanism for CaMKIIδ/CREB signaling in modulating proliferation and migration in VSM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Li-Yan Sun
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Diane V Singer
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Roman Ginnan
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
| | - Harold A Singer
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208.
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35
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Purohit A, Rokita AG, Guan X, Chen B, Koval OM, Voigt N, Neef S, Sowa T, Gao Z, Luczak ED, Stefansdottir H, Behunin AC, Li N, El-Accaoui RN, Yang B, Swaminathan PD, Weiss RM, Wehrens XHT, Song LS, Dobrev D, Maier LS, Anderson ME. Oxidized Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II triggers atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2013; 128:1748-57. [PMID: 24030498 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.003313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a growing public health problem without adequate therapies. Angiotensin II and reactive oxygen species are validated risk factors for AF in patients, but the molecular pathways connecting reactive oxygen species and AF are unknown. The Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has recently emerged as a reactive oxygen species-activated proarrhythmic signal, so we hypothesized that oxidized CaMKIIδ could contribute to AF. METHODS AND RESULTS We found that oxidized CaMKII was increased in atria from AF patients compared with patients in sinus rhythm and from mice infused with angiotensin II compared with mice infused with saline. Angiotensin II-treated mice had increased susceptibility to AF compared with saline-treated wild-type mice, establishing angiotensin II as a risk factor for AF in mice. Knock-in mice lacking critical oxidation sites in CaMKIIδ (MM-VV) and mice with myocardium-restricted transgenic overexpression of methionine sulfoxide reductase A, an enzyme that reduces oxidized CaMKII, were resistant to AF induction after angiotensin II infusion. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggest that CaMKII is a molecular signal that couples increased reactive oxygen species with AF and that therapeutic strategies to decrease oxidized CaMKII may prevent or reduce AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Purohit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Carver College of Medicine (A.P., A.G.R., X.G., B.C., O.M.K., Z.G., E.D.L., H.S., A.C.B., R.N.E.-A., P.D.S., R.M.W., L.-S.S., M.E.A.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (B.Y.), and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (M.E.A.), University of Iowa, Iowa City; Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany, and Division of Experimental Cardiology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany (N.V., D.D.); Cardiology and Pneumology, German Heart Center, University Hospital Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany (S.N., T.S., L.S.M.); and Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX (N.L., X.H.T.W.)
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Ginnan R, Zou X, Pfleiderer PJ, Mercure MZ, Barroso M, Singer HA. Vascular smooth muscle cell motility is mediated by a physical and functional interaction of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ2 and Fyn. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:29703-12. [PMID: 24003228 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cells, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIδ2 (CaMKIIδ2) activates non-receptor tyrosine kinases and EGF receptor, with a Src family kinase as a required intermediate. siRNA-mediated suppression of Fyn, a Src family kinase, inhibited VSM cell motility. Simultaneous suppression of both Fyn and CaMKIIδ2 was non-additive, suggesting coordinated regulation of cell motility. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy indicated that CaMKIIδ2 and Fyn selectively (compared with Src) co-localized with the Golgi in quiescent cultured VSM cells. Stimulation with PDGF resulted in a rapid (<5 min) partial redistribution and co-localization of both kinases in peripheral membrane regions. Furthermore, CaMKIIδ2 and Fyn selectively (compared with Src) co-immunoprecipitated, suggesting a physical interaction in a signaling complex. Stimulation of VSM cells with ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, resulted in activation of CaMKIIδ2 and Fyn and disruption of the complex. Pretreatment with KN-93, a pharmacological inhibitor of CaMKII, prevented activation-dependent disruption of CaMKIIδ2 and Fyn, implicating CaMKIIδ2 as an upstream mediator of Fyn. Overexpression of constitutively active CaMKII resulted in the dephosphorylation of Fyn at Tyr-527, which is required for Fyn activation. Taken together, these data demonstrate a dynamic interaction between CaMKIIδ2 and Fyn in VSM cells and indicate a mechanism by which CaMKIIδ2 and Fyn may coordinately regulate VSM cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Ginnan
- From the Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208
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Scott JA, Klutho PJ, El Accaoui R, Nguyen E, Venema AN, Xie L, Jiang S, Dibbern M, Scroggins S, Prasad AM, Luczak ED, Davis MK, Li W, Guan X, Backs J, Schlueter AJ, Weiss RM, Miller FJ, Anderson ME, Grumbach IM. The multifunctional Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIδ (CaMKIIδ) regulates arteriogenesis in a mouse model of flow-mediated remodeling. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71550. [PMID: 23951185 PMCID: PMC3738514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Sustained hemodynamic stress mediated by high blood flow promotes arteriogenesis, the outward remodeling of existing arteries. Here, we examined whether Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) regulates arteriogenesis. Methods and Results Ligation of the left common carotid led to an increase in vessel diameter and perimeter of internal and external elastic lamina in the contralateral, right common carotid. Deletion of CaMKIIδ (CaMKIIδ−/−) abolished this outward remodeling. Carotid ligation increased CaMKII expression and was associated with oxidative activation of CaMKII in the adventitia and endothelium. Remodeling was abrogated in a knock-in model in which oxidative activation of CaMKII is abolished. Early after ligation, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was robustly expressed in the adventitia of right carotid arteries of WT but not CaMKIIδ−/− mice. MMP9 mainly colocalized with adventitial macrophages. In contrast, we did not observe an effect of CaMKIIδ deficiency on other proposed mediators of arteriogenesis such as expression of adhesion molecules or smooth muscle proliferation. Transplantation of WT bone marrow into CaMKIIδ−/− mice normalized flow-mediated remodeling. Conclusion CaMKIIδ is activated by oxidation under high blood flow conditions and is required for flow-mediated remodeling through a mechanism that includes increased MMP9 expression in bone marrow-derived cells invading the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Scott
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Paula J. Klutho
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ramzi El Accaoui
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Emily Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Ashlee N. Venema
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Litao Xie
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Shuxia Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Megan Dibbern
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Sabrina Scroggins
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Anand M. Prasad
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth D. Luczak
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Melissa K. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Xiaoqun Guan
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Johannes Backs
- Department of Cardiology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annette J. Schlueter
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Francis J. Miller
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark E. Anderson
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Isabella M. Grumbach
- Department of Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thrombin Mediates Migration of Rat Brain Astrocytes via PLC, Ca2+, CaMKII, PKCα, and AP-1-Dependent Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 48:616-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Shi J, Geshi N, Takahashi S, Kiyonaka S, Ichikawa J, Hu Y, Mori Y, Ito Y, Inoue R. Molecular determinants for cardiovascular TRPC6 channel regulation by Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II. J Physiol 2013; 591:2851-66. [PMID: 23529130 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.251249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying Ca(2+)/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII)-mediated regulation of the mouse transient receptor potential channel TRPC6 was explored by chimera, deletion and site-directed mutagenesis approaches. Induction of currents (ICCh) in TRPC6-expressing HEK293 cells by a muscarinic agonist carbachol (CCh; 100 μm) was strongly attenuated by a CaMKII-specific peptide, autocamtide-2-related inhibitory peptide (AIP; 10 μm). TRPC6/C7 chimera experiments showed that the TRPC6 C-terminal sequence is indispensable for ICCh to be sensitive to AIP-induced CaMKII inhibition. Further, deletion of a distal region (Gln(855)-Glu(877)) of the C-terminal CaM/inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor binding domain (CIRB) of TRPC6 was sufficient to abolish ICCh. Systematic alanine scanning for potential CaMKII phosphorylation sites revealed that Thr(487) was solely responsible for the activation of the TRPC6 channel by receptor stimulation. The abrogating effect of the alanine mutation of Thr(487) (T487A) was reproduced with other non-polar amino acids, namely glutamine or asparagine, while being partially rescued by phosphomimetic mutations with glutamate or aspartate. The cellular expression and distribution of TRPC6 channels did not significantly change with these mutations. Electrophysiological and immunocytochemical data with the Myc-tagged TRPC6 channel indicated that Thr(487) is most likely located at the intracellular side of the cell membrane. Overexpression of T487A caused significant reduction of endogenous TRPC6-like current induced by Arg(8)-vasopressin in A7r5 aortic myocytes. Based on these results, we propose that the optimal spatial arrangement of a C-terminal domain (presumably the distal CIRB region) around a single CaMKII phosphorylation site Thr(487) may be essential for CaMKII-mediated regulation of TRPC6 channels. This mechanism may be of physiological significance in a native environment such as in vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Shi
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Nanakuma 7-45-1, Johnan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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