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Yan K, Mei Z, Zhao J, Prodhan MAI, Obal D, Katragadda K, Doelling B, Hoetker D, Posa DK, He L, Yin X, Shah J, Pan J, Rai S, Lorkiewicz PK, Zhang X, Liu S, Bhatnagar A, Baba SP. Integrated Multilayer Omics Reveals the Genomic, Proteomic, and Metabolic Influences of Histidyl Dipeptides on the Heart. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023868. [PMID: 35730646 PMCID: PMC9333374 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Histidyl dipeptides such as carnosine are present in a micromolar to millimolar range in mammalian hearts. These dipeptides facilitate glycolysis by proton buffering. They form conjugates with reactive aldehydes, such as acrolein, and attenuate myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury. Although these dipeptides exhibit multifunctional properties, a composite understanding of their role in the myocardium is lacking. Methods and Results To identify histidyl dipeptide–mediated responses in the heart, we used an integrated triomics approach, which involved genome‐wide RNA sequencing, global proteomics, and unbiased metabolomics to identify the effects of cardiospecific transgenic overexpression of the carnosine synthesizing enzyme, carnosine synthase (Carns), in mice. Our result showed that higher myocardial levels of histidyl dipeptides were associated with extensive changes in the levels of several microRNAs, which target the expression of contractile proteins, β‐fatty acid oxidation, and citric acid cycle (TCA) enzymes. Global proteomic analysis showed enrichment in the expression of contractile proteins, enzymes of β‐fatty acid oxidation, and the TCA in the Carns transgenic heart. Under aerobic conditions, the Carns transgenic hearts had lower levels of short‐ and long‐chain fatty acids as well as the TCA intermediate—succinic acid; whereas, under ischemic conditions, the accumulation of fatty acids and TCA intermediates was significantly attenuated. Integration of multiple data sets suggested that β‐fatty acid oxidation and TCA pathways exhibit correlative changes in the Carns transgenic hearts at all 3 levels. Conclusions Taken together, these findings reveal a central role of histidyl dipeptides in coordinated regulation of myocardial structure, function, and energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Yan
- Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beishan Industrial Zone Shenzhen China
| | - Zhanlong Mei
- Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beishan Industrial Zone Shenzhen China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | | | - Detlef Obal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University Palo Alto CA
| | - Kartik Katragadda
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Benjamin Doelling
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - David Hoetker
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Dheeraj Kumar Posa
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Liqing He
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville KY
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville KY
| | - Jasmit Shah
- Department of Medicine, Medical college The Aga Khan University Nairobi Kenya
| | - Jianmin Pan
- Biostatistics Shared Facility University of Louisville Health, Brown Cancer Center Louisville KY
| | - Shesh Rai
- Biostatistics Shared Facility University of Louisville Health, Brown Cancer Center Louisville KY
| | - Pawel Konrad Lorkiewicz
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of Louisville KY
| | - Siqi Liu
- Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beishan Industrial Zone Shenzhen China
| | - Aruni Bhatnagar
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
| | - Shahid P Baba
- Diabetes and Obesity Center University of Louisville KY.,Christina Lee Brown Envirome Institute University of Louisville KY USA
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Heidary Moghaddam R, Samimi Z, Asgary S, Mohammadi P, Hozeifi S, Hoseinzadeh-Chahkandak F, Xu S, Farzaei MH. Natural AMPK Activators in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:738420. [PMID: 35046800 PMCID: PMC8762275 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as a life-threatening global disease, is receiving worldwide attention. Seeking novel therapeutic strategies and agents is of utmost importance to curb CVD. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators derived from natural products are promising agents for cardiovascular drug development owning to regulatory effects on physiological processes and diverse cardiometabolic disorders. In the past decade, different therapeutic agents from natural products and herbal medicines have been explored as good templates of AMPK activators. Hereby, we overviewed the role of AMPK signaling in the cardiovascular system, as well as evidence implicating AMPK activators as potential therapeutic tools. In the present review, efforts have been made to compile and update relevant information from both preclinical and clinical studies, which investigated the role of natural products as AMPK activators in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidary Moghaddam
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Ali and Taleghani Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Zeinab Samimi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Asgary
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute,.Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pantea Mohammadi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Soroush Hozeifi
- School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Suowen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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3
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Pezhouman A, Nguyen NB, Sercel AJ, Nguyen TL, Daraei A, Sabri S, Chapski DJ, Zheng M, Patananan AN, Ernst J, Plath K, Vondriska TM, Teitell MA, Ardehali R. Transcriptional, Electrophysiological, and Metabolic Characterizations of hESC-Derived First and Second Heart Fields Demonstrate a Potential Role of TBX5 in Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:787684. [PMID: 34988079 PMCID: PMC8722677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.787684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) can be used as a source for cell delivery to remuscularize the heart after myocardial infarction. Despite their therapeutic potential, the emergence of ventricular arrhythmias has limited their application. We previously developed a double reporter hESC line to isolate first heart field (FHF: TBX5+NKX2-5+) and second heart field (SHF: TBX5-NKX2-5+) CMs. Herein, we explore the role of TBX5 and its effects on underlying gene regulatory networks driving phenotypical and functional differences between these two populations. Methods: We used a combination of tools and techniques for rapid and unsupervised profiling of FHF and SHF populations at the transcriptional, translational, and functional level including single cell RNA (scRNA) and bulk RNA sequencing, atomic force and quantitative phase microscopy, respirometry, and electrophysiology. Results: Gene ontology analysis revealed three biological processes attributed to TBX5 expression: sarcomeric structure, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium ion handling. Interestingly, migratory pathways were enriched in SHF population. SHF-like CMs display less sarcomeric organization compared to FHF-like CMs, despite prolonged in vitro culture. Atomic force and quantitative phase microscopy showed increased cellular stiffness and decreased mass distribution over time in FHF compared to SHF populations, respectively. Electrophysiological studies showed longer plateau in action potentials recorded from FHF-like CMs, consistent with their increased expression of calcium handling genes. Interestingly, both populations showed nearly identical respiratory profiles with the only significant functional difference being higher ATP generation-linked oxygen consumption rate in FHF-like CMs. Our findings suggest that FHF-like CMs display more mature features given their enhanced sarcomeric alignment, calcium handling, and decreased migratory characteristics. Finally, pseudotime analyses revealed a closer association of the FHF population to human fetal CMs along the developmental trajectory. Conclusion: Our studies reveal that distinguishing FHF and SHF populations based on TBX5 expression leads to a significant impact on their downstream functional properties. FHF CMs display more mature characteristics such as enhanced sarcomeric organization and improved calcium handling, with closer positioning along the differentiation trajectory to human fetal hearts. These data suggest that the FHF CMs may be a more suitable candidate for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pezhouman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ngoc B. Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Sercel
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thang L. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ali Daraei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shan Sabri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas J. Chapski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melton Zheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander N. Patananan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason Ernst
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Reza Ardehali,
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4
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Vormann MK, Tool LM, Ohbuchi M, Gijzen L, van Vught R, Hankemeier T, Kiyonaga F, Kawabe T, Goto T, Fujimori A, Vulto P, Lanz HL, Tetsuka K. Modelling and Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury through Ischemia and Reperfusion in a Combined Human Renal Proximal Tubule/Blood Vessel-on-a-Chip. KIDNEY360 2021; 3:217-231. [PMID: 35373131 PMCID: PMC8967632 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0003622021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (rIRI) is one of the major causes of AKI. Although animal models are suitable for investigating systemic symptoms of AKI, they are limited in translatability. Human in vitro models are crucial in giving mechanistic insights into rIRI; however, they miss out on crucial aspects such as reperfusion injury and the multitissue aspect of AKI. Methods We advanced the current renal proximal tubule-on-a-chip model to a coculture model with a perfused endothelial vessel separated by an extracellular matrix. The coculture was characterized for its three-dimensional structure, protein expression, and response to nephrotoxins. Then, rIRI was captured through control of oxygen levels, nutrient availability, and perfusion flow settings. Injury was quantified through morphologic assessment, caspase-3/7 activation, and cell viability. Results The combination of low oxygen, reduced glucose, and interrupted flow was potent to disturb the proximal tubules. This effect was strongly amplified upon reperfusion. Endothelial vessels were less sensitive to the ischemia-reperfusion parameters. Adenosine treatment showed a protective effect on the disruption of the epithelium and on the caspase-3/7 activation. Conclusions A human in vitro rIRI model was developed using a coculture of a proximal tubule and blood vessel on-a-chip, which was used to characterize the renoprotective effect of adenosine. The robustness of the model and assays in combination with the throughput of the platform make it ideal to advance pathophysiological research and enable the development of novel therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masato Ohbuchi
- Analysis and Pharmacokinetics Research Labs, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Fumiko Kiyonaga
- Innovation and Incubation Research Labs, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Takayuki Goto
- Modality Research Labs, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Research Portfolio Planning, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Kazuhiro Tetsuka
- Analysis and Pharmacokinetics Research Labs, Astellas Pharma, Inc., Ibaraki, Japan
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5
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Feyen DAM, McKeithan WL, Bruyneel AAN, Spiering S, Hörmann L, Ulmer B, Zhang H, Briganti F, Schweizer M, Hegyi B, Liao Z, Pölönen RP, Ginsburg KS, Lam CK, Serrano R, Wahlquist C, Kreymerman A, Vu M, Amatya PL, Behrens CS, Ranjbarvaziri S, Maas RGC, Greenhaw M, Bernstein D, Wu JC, Bers DM, Eschenhagen T, Metallo CM, Mercola M. Metabolic Maturation Media Improve Physiological Function of Human iPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107925. [PMID: 32697997 PMCID: PMC7437654 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) have enormous potential for the study of human cardiac disorders. However, their physiological immaturity severely limits their utility as a model system and their adoption for drug discovery. Here, we describe maturation media designed to provide oxidative substrates adapted to the metabolic needs of human iPSC (hiPSC)-CMs. Compared with conventionally cultured hiPSC-CMs, metabolically matured hiPSC-CMs contract with greater force and show an increased reliance on cardiac sodium (Na+) channels and sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium (Ca2+) cycling. The media enhance the function, long-term survival, and sarcomere structures in engineered heart tissues. Use of the maturation media made it possible to reliably model two genetic cardiac diseases: long QT syndrome type 3 due to a mutation in the cardiac Na+ channel SCN5A and dilated cardiomyopathy due to a mutation in the RNA splicing factor RBM20. The maturation media should increase the fidelity of hiPSC-CMs as disease models. Physiological immaturity of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes limits their fidelity as disease models. Feyen et al. developed a low glucose, high oxidative substrate media that increase maturation of ventricular-like hiPSC-CMs in 2D and 3D cultures relative to standard protocols. Improved characteristics include a low resting Vm, rapid depolarization, and increased Ca2+ dependence and force generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dries A M Feyen
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wesley L McKeithan
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arne A N Bruyneel
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean Spiering
- Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Larissa Hörmann
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bärbel Ulmer
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Briganti
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michaela Schweizer
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bence Hegyi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhandi Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth S Ginsburg
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ricardo Serrano
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Christine Wahlquist
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander Kreymerman
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michelle Vu
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Prashila L Amatya
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charlotta S Behrens
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sara Ranjbarvaziri
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Renee G C Maas
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthew Greenhaw
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Bernstein
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Eschenhagen
- Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mercola
- Cardiovascular Institute and Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Sanford-Burnham-Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Müller J, Bertsch T, Volke J, Schmid A, Klingbeil R, Metodiev Y, Karaca B, Kim SH, Lindner S, Schupp T, Kittel M, Poschet G, Akin I, Behnes M. Narrative review of metabolomics in cardiovascular disease. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2532-2550. [PMID: 34012599 PMCID: PMC8107570 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by disorders in the cardiac metabolism. Furthermore, comorbidities often associated with cardiovascular disease can alter systemic and myocardial metabolism contributing to worsening of cardiac performance and health status. Biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides or troponins already support diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases and are represented in international guidelines. However, as cardiovascular diseases affect various pathophysiological pathways, a single biomarker approach cannot be regarded as ideal to reveal optimal clinical application. Emerging metabolomics technology allows the measurement of hundreds of metabolites in biological fluids or biopsies and thus to characterize each patient by its own metabolic fingerprint, improving our understanding of complex diseases, significantly altering the management of cardiovascular diseases and possibly personalizing medicine. This review outlines current knowledge, perspectives as well as limitations of metabolomics for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, an ongoing research project tackling current inconsistencies as well as clinical applications of metabolomics will be discussed. Taken together, the application of metabolomics will enable us to gain more insights into pathophysiological interactions of metabolites and disease states as well as improving therapies of patients with cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Müller
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremburg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Justus Volke
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmid
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebecca Klingbeil
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yulian Metodiev
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bican Karaca
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Schupp
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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Lindsay RT, Demetriou D, Manetta-Jones D, West JA, Murray AJ, Griffin JL. A model for determining cardiac mitochondrial substrate utilisation using stable 13C-labelled metabolites. Metabolomics 2019; 15:154. [PMID: 31773381 PMCID: PMC6892366 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1618-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relative oxidation of different metabolic substrates in the heart varies both physiologically and pathologically, in order to meet metabolic demands under different circumstances. 13C labelled substrates have become a key tool for studying substrate use-yet an accurate model is required to analyse the complex data produced as these substrates become incorporated into the Krebs cycle. OBJECTIVES We aimed to generate a network model for the quantitative analysis of Krebs cycle intermediate isotopologue distributions measured by mass spectrometry, to determine the 13C labelled proportion of acetyl-CoA entering the Krebs cycle. METHODS A model was generated, and validated ex vivo using isotopic distributions measured from isolated hearts perfused with buffer containing 11 mM glucose in total, with varying fractions of universally labelled with 13C. The model was then employed to determine the relative oxidation of glucose and triacylglycerol by hearts perfused with 11 mM glucose and 0.4 mM equivalent Intralipid (a triacylglycerol mixture). RESULTS The contribution of glucose to Krebs cycle oxidation was measured to be 79.1 ± 0.9%, independent of the fraction of buffer glucose which was U-13C labelled, or of which Krebs cycle intermediate was assessed. In the presence of Intralipid, glucose and triglyceride were determined to contribute 58 ± 3.6% and 35.6 ± 0.8% of acetyl-CoA entering the Krebs cycle, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the accuracy of a functional model of Krebs cycle metabolism, which can allow quantitative determination of the effects of therapeutics and pathology on cardiac substrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross T Lindsay
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Dominic Manetta-Jones
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A West
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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8
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Liu J, Wang P, Douglas SL, Tate JM, Sham S, Lloyd SG. Impact of high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet on myocardial substrate oxidation, insulin sensitivity, and cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1-H10. [PMID: 27199129 PMCID: PMC4967196 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00809.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-fat, low-carbohydrate Diet (HFLCD) impairs the myocardial response to ischemia-reperfusion, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We sought to determine the magnitude of diet-induced alterations in intrinsic properties of the myocardium (including insulin sensitivity and substrate oxidation) and circulating substrate and insulin differences resulting from diet, leading to this impaired response. Rats were fed HFLCD (60% kcal from fat/30% protein/10% carbohydrate) or control diet (CONT) (16%/19%/65%) for 2 wk. Isolated hearts underwent global low-flow ischemia followed by reperfusion (I/R). Carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy was used to determine myocardial substrate TCA cycle entry. Myocardial insulin sensitivity was assessed as dose-response of Akt phosphorylation. There was a significant effect of HFLCD and I/R with both these factors leading to an increase in free fatty acid (FFA) oxidation and a decrease in carbohydrate or ketone oxidation. Following I/R, HFLCD led to decreased ketone and increased FFA oxidation; the recovery of left ventricular (LV) function was decreased in HFLCD and was negatively correlated with FFA oxidation and positively associated with ketone oxidation. HFLCD also resulted in reduced insulin sensitivity. Under physiologic ranges, there were no direct effects of buffer insulin and ketone levels on oxidation of any substrate and recovery of cardiac function after I/R. An insulin-ketone interaction exists for myocardial substrate oxidation characteristics. We conclude that the impaired recovery of function after ischemia-reperfusion with HFLCD is largely due to intrinsic diet effects on myocardial properties, rather than to diet effect on circulating insulin or substrate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Peipei Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, Singapore; and
| | - Samuel L Douglas
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joshua M Tate
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Simon Sham
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Steven G Lloyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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de Lima Portella R, Lynn Bickta J, Shiva S. Nitrite Confers Preconditioning and Cytoprotection After Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through the Modulation of Mitochondrial Function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 23:307-27. [PMID: 26094636 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Nitrite is now recognized as an intrinsic signaling molecule that mediates a number of biological processes. One of the most reproducible effects of nitrite is its ability to mediate cytoprotection after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). This robust phenomenon has been reproduced by a number of investigators in varying animal models focusing on different target organs. Furthermore, nitrite's cytoprotective versatility is highlighted by its ability to mediate delayed preconditioning and remote conditioning in addition to acute protection. RECENT ADVANCES In the last 10 years, significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. CRITICAL ISSUES The mitochondrion, which is essential to both the progression of I/R injury and the protection afforded by preconditioning, has emerged as a major subcellular target for nitrite. This review will outline the role of the mitochondrion in I/R injury and preconditioning, review the accumulated preclinical studies demonstrating nitrite-mediated cytoprotection, and finally focus on the known interactions of nitrite with mitochondria and their role in the mechanism of nitrite-mediated ischemic tolerance. FUTURE DIRECTIONS These studies set the stage for current clinical trials testing the efficacy of nitrite to prevent warm and cold I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael de Lima Portella
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Janelle Lynn Bickta
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,2 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sruti Shiva
- 1 Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,3 Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,4 Center for Metabolism and Mitochondrial Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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10
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Hettling H, Alders DJC, Heringa J, Binsl TW, Groeneveld ABJ, van Beek JHGM. Computational estimation of tricarboxylic acid cycle fluxes using noisy NMR data from cardiac biopsies. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2013; 7:82. [PMID: 23965343 PMCID: PMC3765389 DOI: 10.1186/1752-0509-7-82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The aerobic energy metabolism of cardiac muscle cells is of major importance for the contractile function of the heart. Because energy metabolism is very heterogeneously distributed in heart tissue, especially during coronary disease, a method to quantify metabolic fluxes in small tissue samples is desirable. Taking tissue biopsies after infusion of substrates labeled with stable carbon isotopes makes this possible in animal experiments. However, the appreciable noise level in NMR spectra of extracted tissue samples makes computational estimation of metabolic fluxes challenging and a good method to define confidence regions was not yet available. Results Here we present a computational analysis method for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. The method was validated using measurements on extracts of single tissue biopsies taken from porcine heart in vivo. Isotopic enrichment of glutamate was measured by NMR spectroscopy in tissue samples taken at a single time point after the timed infusion of 13C labeled substrates for the TCA cycle. The NMR intensities for glutamate were analyzed with a computational model describing carbon transitions in the TCA cycle and carbon exchange with amino acids. The model dynamics depended on five flux parameters, which were optimized to fit the NMR measurements. To determine confidence regions for the estimated fluxes, we used the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling to generate extensive ensembles of feasible flux combinations that describe the data within measurement precision limits. To validate our method, we compared myocardial oxygen consumption calculated from the TCA cycle flux with in vivo blood gas measurements for 38 hearts under several experimental conditions, e.g. during coronary artery narrowing. Conclusions Despite the appreciable NMR noise level, the oxygen consumption in the tissue samples, estimated from the NMR spectra, correlates with blood-gas oxygen uptake measurements for the whole heart. The MCMC method provides confidence regions for the estimated metabolic fluxes in single cardiac biopsies, taking the quantified measurement noise level and the nonlinear dependencies between parameters fully into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hettling
- Centre for Integrative Bioinformatics (IBIVU), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1081A, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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11
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Alves MG, Oliveira PJ, Carvalho RA. Substrate selection in hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion: role of cardioplegic solutions and gender. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2011; 24:1029-1037. [PMID: 21274961 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In conditions of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), the relative use of all available substrates by the heart has a significant effect on the recovery of the organ. This substrate preference in perfused hearts is influenced by ischemia. We followed the metabolic fate of [U-(13) C]glucose and [3-(13) C]lactate in hearts preserved in Celsior (Cs) and histidine buffer solution (HBS) for 4 or 6 h and subsequently perfused with a Krebs-Henseleit solution (KH) containing [U-(13) C]glucose and [3-(13) C]lactate. We also assessed gender-specific metabolic modulation in our I/R experimental conditions. Hearts from male and female Wistar rats (6-8 weeks) were subjected to moderate (0-240 min) or prolonged (240-360 min) cold ischemia whilst immersed in Cs and HBS, and perfused for 30 min with KH containing [U-(13) C]glucose and [3-(13) C]lactate. After perfusion, hearts were freeze-clamped and metabolites were extracted for (13) C NMR isotopomer analysis. In control conditions, there were no differences with regard to lactate origin in hearts from males and females. After 6 h of preservation in Cs, lactate origin was mostly from [U-(13) C]glucose in hearts from males and from [3-(13) C]lactate in hearts from females. During the 6 h of organ preservation in HBS, the lactate pool showed a strong contribution from unenriched sources in male hearts and from [U-(13) C]glucose in female hearts. The glutamate C2/C4 ratio was stable or increased in hearts from females after I/R, and the alanine index increased in hearts from both males and females. Octanoate was, as predicted, the preferential substrate during perfusion. Glucose and lactate suffer a distinct metabolic fate in our I/R conditions, which is related to the cardioplegic solution used during organ storage, and the gender. Hearts from females appear to be less sensitive to I/R injury, and heart preservation in HBS proved to be effective in enhancing anaplerosis during perfusion, especially in hearts from females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco G Alves
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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12
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent studies of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a highly conserved sensor of cellular energy status, suggest that there might be therapeutic value in targeting the AMPK signaling pathway. AMPK is found in most mammalian tissues, including those of the cardiovascular system. As cardiovascular diseases are typically associated with blood flow occlusion and blood occlusion may induce rapid energy deficit, AMPK activation may occur during the early phase upon nutrient deprivation in cardiovascular organs. Therefore, investigation of AMPK in cardiovascular organs may help us to understand the pathophysiology of defence mechanisms in these organs. Recent studies have provided proof of concept for the idea that AMPK is protective in heart as well as in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. Moreover, dysfunction of the AMPK signalling pathway is involved in the genesis and development of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension and stroke. The roles of AMPK in the cardiovascular system, as they are currently understood, will be presented in this review. The interaction between AMPK and other cardiovascular signalling pathways such as nitric oxide signalling is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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13
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Acute regulation of cardiac metabolism by the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway and protein O-GlcNAcylation. PLoS One 2011; 6:e18417. [PMID: 21494549 PMCID: PMC3073970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0018417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) flux and protein O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) levels have been implicated in mediating the adverse effects of diabetes in the cardiovascular system. Activation of these pathways with glucosamine has been shown to mimic some of the diabetes-induced functional and structural changes in the heart; however, the effect on cardiac metabolism is not known. Therefore, the primary goal of this study was to determine the effects of glucosamine on cardiac substrate utilization. Methods Isolated rat hearts were perfused with glucosamine (0–10 mM) to increase HBP flux under normoxic conditions. Metabolic fluxes were determined by 13C-NMR isotopomer analysis; UDP-GlcNAc a precursor of O-GlcNAc synthesis was assessed by HPLC and immunoblot analysis was used to determine O-GlcNAc levels, phospho- and total levels of AMPK and ACC, and membrane levels of FAT/CD36. Results Glucosamine caused a dose dependent increase in both UDP-GlcNAc and O-GlcNAc levels, which was associated with a significant increase in palmitate oxidation with a concomitant decrease in lactate and pyruvate oxidation. There was no effect of glucosamine on AMPK or ACC phosphorylation; however, membrane levels of the fatty acid transport protein FAT/CD36 were increased and preliminary studies suggest that FAT/CD36 is a potential target for O-GlcNAcylation. Conclusion/Interpretation These data demonstrate that acute modulation of HBP and protein O-GlcNAcylation in the heart stimulates fatty acid oxidation, possibly by increasing plasma membrane levels of FAT/CD36, raising the intriguing possibility that the HBP and O-GlcNAc turnover represent a novel, glucose dependent mechanism for regulating cardiac metabolism.
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Jaswal JS, Keung W, Wang W, Ussher JR, Lopaschuk GD. Targeting fatty acid and carbohydrate oxidation--a novel therapeutic intervention in the ischemic and failing heart. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2011; 1813:1333-50. [PMID: 21256164 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia and its consequences including heart failure, which itself has emerged as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries are accompanied by complex alterations in myocardial energy substrate metabolism. In contrast to the normal heart, where fatty acid and glucose metabolism are tightly regulated, the dynamic relationship between fatty acid β-oxidation and glucose oxidation is perturbed in ischemic and ischemic-reperfused hearts, as well as in the failing heart. These metabolic alterations negatively impact both cardiac efficiency and function. Specifically there is an increased reliance on glycolysis during ischemia and fatty acid β-oxidation during reperfusion following ischemia as sources of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. Depending on the severity of heart failure, the contribution of overall myocardial oxidative metabolism (fatty acid β-oxidation and glucose oxidation) to adenosine triphosphate production can be depressed, while that of glycolysis can be increased. Nonetheless, the balance between fatty acid β-oxidation and glucose oxidation is amenable to pharmacological intervention at multiple levels of each metabolic pathway. This review will focus on the pathways of cardiac fatty acid and glucose metabolism, and the metabolic phenotypes of ischemic and ischemic/reperfused hearts, as well as the metabolic phenotype of the failing heart. Furthermore, as energy substrate metabolism has emerged as a novel therapeutic intervention in these cardiac pathologies, this review will describe the mechanistic bases and rationale for the use of pharmacological agents that modify energy substrate metabolism to improve cardiac function in the ischemic and failing heart. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondria and Cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdip S Jaswal
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Departments of Pediatrics and Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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15
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Desrois M, Clarke K, Lan C, Dalmasso C, Cole M, Portha B, Cozzone PJ, Bernard M. Upregulation of eNOS and unchanged energy metabolism in increased susceptibility of the aging type 2 diabetic GK rat heart to ischemic injury. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 299:H1679-86. [PMID: 20729402 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00998.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the tolerance of the insulin-resistant diabetic heart to ischemic injury in the male Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat, a model of type 2 diabetes. Changes in energy metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) pathway, and cardiac function were assessed in the presence of physiological substrates. Age-matched control Wistar (n = 19) and GK (n = 18) isolated rat hearts were perfused with 0.4 mM palmitate, 3% albumin, 11 mM glucose, 3 U/l insulin, 0.2 mM pyruvate, and 0.8 mM lactate for 24 min before switching to 1.2 mM palmitate (11 rats/group) during 32 min low-flow (0.5 ml·min(-1)·g wet wt(-1)) ischemia. Next, flow was restored with 0.4 mM palmitate buffer for 32 min. A subset of hearts from each group (n = 8 for control and n = 7 for GK groups) were freeze-clamped for determining baseline values after the initial perfusion of 24 min. ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr), and intracellular pH (pH(i)) were followed using (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy with simultaneous measurement of contractile function. The NO pathway was determined by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoform expression and total nitrate concentration (NOx) in hearts. We found that coronary flow was 26% lower (P < 0.05) during baseline conditions and 61% lower (P < 0.05) during reperfusion in GK vs. control rat hearts. Rate pressure product was lower during reperfusion in GK vs. control rat hearts (P < 0.05). ATP, PCr, and pH(i) during ischemia-reperfusion were similar in both groups. Endothelial NOS expression was increased in GK rat hearts during baseline conditions (P < 0.05). NOx was increased during baseline conditions (P < 0.05) and after reperfusion (P < 0.05) in GK rat hearts. We report increased susceptibility of type 2 diabetic GK rat heart to ischemic injury that is not associated with impaired energy metabolism. Reduced coronary flow, upregulation of eNOS expression, and increased total NOx levels confirm NO pathway modifications in this model, presumably related to increased oxidative stress. Modifications in the NO pathway may play a major role in ischemia-reperfusion injury of the type 2 diabetic GK rat heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Desrois
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, UMR CNRS n°6612, Faculté de Médecine de Marseille, Université de Méditerranée, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France.
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16
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Lopaschuk GD, Ussher JR, Folmes CDL, Jaswal JS, Stanley WC. Myocardial fatty acid metabolism in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:207-58. [PMID: 20086077 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1437] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a constant high demand for energy to sustain the continuous contractile activity of the heart, which is met primarily by the beta-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. The control of fatty acid beta-oxidation is complex and is aimed at ensuring that the supply and oxidation of the fatty acids is sufficient to meet the energy demands of the heart. The metabolism of fatty acids via beta-oxidation is not regulated in isolation; rather, it occurs in response to alterations in contractile work, the presence of competing substrates (i.e., glucose, lactate, ketones, amino acids), changes in hormonal milieu, and limitations in oxygen supply. Alterations in fatty acid metabolism can contribute to cardiac pathology. For instance, the excessive uptake and beta-oxidation of fatty acids in obesity and diabetes can compromise cardiac function. Furthermore, alterations in fatty acid beta-oxidation both during and after ischemia and in the failing heart can also contribute to cardiac pathology. This paper reviews the regulation of myocardial fatty acid beta-oxidation and how alterations in fatty acid beta-oxidation can contribute to heart disease. The implications of inhibiting fatty acid beta-oxidation as a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of various forms of heart disease are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada.
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17
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Chatham JC, Marchase RB. The role of protein O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine in mediating cardiac stress responses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2010; 1800:57-66. [PMID: 19607882 PMCID: PMC2814923 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The modification of serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins by O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a highly dynamic post-translational modification that plays a critical role in regulating numerous biological processes. Much of our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the role of O-GlcNAc on cellular function has been in the context of its adverse effects in mediating a range of chronic disease processes, including diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. However, at the cellular level it has been shown that O-GlcNAc levels are increased in response to stress; augmentation of this response improved cell survival while attenuation decreased cell viability. Thus, it has become apparent that strategies that augment O-GlcNAc levels are pro-survival, whereas those that reduce O-GlcNAc levels decrease cell survival. There is a long history demonstrating the effectiveness of acute glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) treatment and to a lesser extent glutamine in protecting against a range of stresses, including myocardial ischemia. A common feature of these approaches for metabolic cardioprotection is that they both have the potential to stimulate O-GlcNAc synthesis. Consequently, here we examine the links between metabolic cardioprotection with the ischemic cardioprotection associated with acute increases in O-GlcNAc levels. Some of the protective mechanisms associated with activation of O-GlcNAcylation appear to be transcriptionally mediated; however, there is also strong evidence to suggest that transcriptionally independent mechanisms also play a critical role. In this context we discuss the potential link between O-GlcNAcylation and cardiomyocyte calcium homeostasis including the role of non-voltage gated, capacitative calcium entry as a potential mechanism contributing to this protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Center for Free Radical Biology, Center for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Akki A, Seymour AML. Western diet impairs metabolic remodelling and contractile efficiency in cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2008; 81:610-7. [PMID: 19028723 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvn316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Metabolic remodelling in cardiac hypertrophy is underscored by a reduction in fatty acid (FA) oxidation. We tested whether this decline in FA oxidation in the presence of enhanced FA supply may predispose the hypertrophied myocardium to lipid accumulation, functional deterioration, and eventually heart failure. METHODS and results Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced surgically in Sprague-Dawley rats by inter-renal aortic constriction. Rats were fed a Western diet (WD, 45% kcal from lipids) or standard diet (SD, 12% kcal from fat) for 9 weeks post-surgery. Hearts were perfused in the isovolumic mode with a physiological mixture of substrates including 5 mM 1-(13)C glucose, 1 mM 3-(13)C lactate, and 0.3 mM U-(13)C palmitate, and cardiac function was monitored. Real-time PCR was used to determine transcript levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARalpha-regulated metabolic enzymes. Palmitate oxidation and PPARalpha-regulated gene expression were markedly reduced in the hypertrophied myocardium of rats fed SD. However, 9 weeks of WD normalized both palmitate oxidation and PPARalpha-regulated gene expression but significantly increased glucose and lactate oxidation in the hypertrophied hearts. This was accompanied by cardiac triglyceride accumulation and a decline in ventricular function despite an increase in oxygen consumption. CONCLUSION These results highlight that WD-induced dysregulation of FA metabolism has deleterious functional consequences in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Akki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Kingston-upon-Hull HU6 7RX, UK
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Wang P, Tate JM, Lloyd SG. Low carbohydrate diet decreases myocardial insulin signaling and increases susceptibility to myocardial ischemia. Life Sci 2008; 83:836-44. [PMID: 18951908 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/17/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Low Carbohydrate Diets (LCD) are a popular intervention for weight loss, but the effect of such diets on myocardial ischemia is not known. Myocardial energy substrates and insulin signaling pathways may be affected by these diets, and both may play a role in protection of ischemic myocardium. We investigated whether LCD increases susceptibility to cardiac injury during ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated rat heart. MAIN METHODS Rats were fed LCD (60% kcal from fat/30% protein/10% carbohydrate) or a control diet (CONT; 16%/19%/65%) for 2 weeks. Hearts from rats fed with LCD or CONT were isolated and subjected to normal perfusion in Langendorff mode, with 30 min global low flow ischemia (LFI; 0.3 ml/min) followed by 60 min reperfusion, or 60 min LFI followed by 120 min reperfusion. KEY FINDINGS LCD diet led to an increase in 3-hydroxybutyrate and lower circulating insulin. LCD diet also resulted in impaired left ventricular performance during LFI, reduced recovery of function following LFI and reperfusion, and 10- to 20-fold increased injury as measured by lactate dehydrogenase release and histologic infarct area. LCD diet also led to lower myocardial glycogen stores and glycogen utilization during LFI, and lower insulin signaling as assessed by Akt phosphorylation at the end of LFI and reperfusion, but no differences in ERK 1/2 phosphorylation. SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that LCD affects myocardial energy substrates, affects insulin signaling, and increases myocardial injury following ischemia-reperfusion in the isolated heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Golman K, Petersson JS, Magnusson P, Johansson E, Akeson P, Chai CM, Hansson G, Månsson S. Cardiac metabolism measured noninvasively by hyperpolarized 13C MRI. Magn Reson Med 2008; 59:1005-13. [PMID: 18429038 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.21460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pyruvate is included in the energy production of the heart muscle and is metabolized into lactate, alanine, and CO(2) in equilibrium with HCO(3) (-). The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using (13)C hyperpolarization enhanced MRI to monitor pyruvate metabolism in the heart during an ischemic episode. The left circumflex artery of pigs (4 months, male, 29-34 kg) was occluded for 15 or 45 min followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. Pigs were examined by (13)C chemical shift imaging following intravenous injection of 1-(13)C pyruvate. (13)C chemical shift MR imaging was used in order to visualize the local concentrations of the metabolites. After a 15-min occlusion (no infarct) the bicarbonate signal level in the affected area was reduced (25-44%) compared with the normal myocardium. Alanine signal level was normal. After a 45-min occlusion (infarction) the bicarbonate signal was almost absent (0.2-11%) and the alanine signal was reduced (27-51%). Due to image-folding artifacts the data obtained for lactate were inconclusive. These studies demonstrate that cardiac metabolic imaging with hyperpolarized 1-(13)C-pyruvate is feasible. The changes in concentrations of the metabolites within a minute after injection can be detected and metabolic maps constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaes Golman
- GE Healthcare, Bio Sciences, Medeon, Malmö, Sweden
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Compensated cardiac hypertrophy is characterised by a decline in palmitate oxidation. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 311:215-24. [PMID: 18278440 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-008-9711-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor in the development of heart failure. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the transition from compensated hypertrophy to heart failure are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in myocardial substrate utilisation and function in pressure-overload hypertrophy (using 13C NMR spectroscopy) in parallel with alterations in the expression pattern of genes involved in cardiac fatty acid and glucose uptake and oxidation. Left ventricular hypertrophy was induced surgically in Sprague-Dawley rats by inter-renal aortic constriction. Nine weeks later, hearts were perfused in the isovolumic mode with a physiological mixture of substrates including 5 mM 1-13C glucose, 1 mM 3-13C lactate, 0.1 mM U-13C pyruvate and 0.3 mM U-13C palmitate and cardiac function monitored simultaneously. Real-time PCR was used to determine mRNA levels of PPARalpha and PPARalpha-regulated metabolic enzymes. Results showed that at the stage of compensated hypertrophy, fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and expression of genes involved in FAO were markedly reduced, whilst pyruvate oxidation was enhanced, highlighting the fact that metabolic remodelling is an early event in the development of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Pöling J, Rees W, Klaus S, Bahlmann L, Hübner N, Heringlake M, Mantovani V, Warnecke H. Functional Recovery of Chronic Ischemic Myocardium after Surgical Revascularization Correlates with Magnitude of Oxidative Metabolism. Cardiology 2007; 110:174-81. [DOI: 10.1159/000111927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 04/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Russ AL, Haberstroh KM, Rundell AE. Experimental strategies to improve in vitro models of renal ischemia. Exp Mol Pathol 2007; 83:143-59. [PMID: 17490640 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia has elicited a great deal of interest among the scientific community due to its role in life-threatening pathologies such as cancer, stroke, acute renal failure, and myocardial infarction. Oxygen deprivation (hypoxia) associated with ischemia has recently become a subject of intense scrutiny. New investigators may find it challenging to induce hypoxic injury in vitro. Researchers may not always be aware of the experimental barriers that contribute to this phenomenon. Furthermore, ischemia is associated with other major insults, such as excess carbon dioxide (hypercapnia), nutrient deprivation, and accumulation of cellular wastes. Ideally, these conditions should also be incorporated into in vitro models. Therefore, the motivation behind this review is to: i. delineate major in vivo ischemic insults; ii. identify and explain critical in vitro parameters that need to be considered when simulating ischemic pathologies; iii. provide recommendations to improve experiments; and as a result, iv. enhance the validity of in vitro results for understanding clinical ischemic pathologies. Undoubtedly, it is not possible to completely replicate the in vivo environment in an ex vivo model system. In fact, the primary goal of many in vitro studies is to elucidate the role of specific stimuli during in vivo pathological events. This review will present methodologies that may be implemented to improve the applicability of in vitro models for understanding the complex pathological mechanisms of ischemia. Finally, although these topics will be discussed within the context of renal ischemia, many are pertinent for cellular models of other organ systems and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alissa L Russ
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, 206 S. Intramural Dr. West Lafayette, IN 47907-1791, USA
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24
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Carvajal K, Zarrinpashneh E, Szarszoi O, Joubert F, Athea Y, Mateo P, Gillet B, Vaulont S, Viollet B, Bigard X, Bertrand L, Ventura-Clapier R, Hoerter JA. Dual cardiac contractile effects of the alpha2-AMPK deletion in low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H3136-47. [PMID: 17337600 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00683.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Because the question "is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) alpha(2)-isoform a friend or a foe in the protection of the myocardium against ischemia-reperfusion injury?" is still in debate, we studied the functional consequence of its deletion on the contractility, the energetics, and the respiration of the isolated perfused heart and characterized the response to low-flow ischemia and reperfusion with glucose and pyruvate as substrates. alpha(2)-AMPK deletion did not affect basal contractility, respiration, and high-energy phosphate contents but induced a twofold reduction in glycogen content and a threefold reduction in glucose uptake. Low-flow ischemia increased AMPK phosphorylation and stimulated glucose uptake and phosphorylation in both alpha(2)-knockout (alpha(2)-KO) and wild-type (WT) groups. The high sensitivity of alpha(2)-KO to the development of ischemic contracture was attributed to the constitutive impairment in glucose transport and glycogen content and not to a perturbation of the energy transfer by creatine kinase (CK). The functional coupling of MM-CK to myofibrillar ATPase and the CK fluxes were indeed similar in alpha(2)-KO and WT. Low-flow ischemia impaired CK flux by 50% in both strains, showing that alpha(2)-AMPK does not control CK activity. Despite the higher sensitivity to contracture, the postischemic contractility recovered to similar levels in both alpha(2)-KO and WT in the absence of fatty acids. In their presence, alpha(2)-AMPK deletion also accelerated the contracture but delayed postischemic contractile recovery. In conclusion, alpha(2)-AMPK is required for a normal glucose uptake and glycogen content, which protects the heart from the development of the ischemic contracture, but not for contractile recovery in the absence of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla Carvajal
- INSERM U-769, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris-Sud, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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25
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Zhou L, Yu X, Cabrera ME, Stanley WC. Role of Cellular Compartmentation in the Metabolic Response to Stress: Mechanistic Insights from Computational Models. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1080:120-39. [PMID: 17132780 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1380.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms controlling ATP generation in the transition from normal resting conditions to either high work states or ischemia are poorly understood. ATP generation depends upon compartmentation between the mitochondria and cytosol of metabolic pathways and key energy transfer species that cannot be easily assessed experimentally. We developed a multicompartment mathematical model of cardiac metabolism to simulate the metabolic responses to ischemia and increased workload. The model is based on mass balances, transport, and metabolic processes in cardiac tissue, and has three distinct compartments (blood, cytosol, and mitochondria). In addition to distinguishing between cytosol and mitochondria, the model includes a cytosolic subcompartment for glycolytic metabolic channeling. The model simulations predict the rapid activation of glycogenolysis and lactate production at the onset of ischemia, and support the concept of localization of glycolysis to a cytosolic subcompartment. In addition, simulations show that mitochondrial NADH/NAD(+) is primarily determined by oxygen consumption during ischemia, while cytosolic NADH/NAD(+) and lactate production are largely a function of glycolytic flux during the initial phase, and is controlled by mitochondrial NADH/NAD(+) and the malate-aspartate shuttle during the steady state. Finally, the model predicts that metabolic activation with an abrupt increase in workload requires parallel activation of ATP hydrolysis, glycolysis, mitochondrial dehydrogenases, the electron transport chain, and ADP phosphorylation. Taken together, these studies demonstrate the importance of metabolic compartmentation in the regulation of cardiac energetics in response to acute stress, and they highlight the usefulness of computational models in this line of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufang Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA
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26
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Onay-Besikci A. Impact of lactate in the perfusate on function and metabolic parameters of isolated working rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2006; 296:121-7. [PMID: 16955225 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-006-9305-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of 1 mM exogenous lactate on cardiac function, and some metabolic parameters, such as glycolysis, glucose oxidation, lactate oxidation, and fatty acid oxidation, in isolated working rat hearts. Hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and perfused with 5 mM glucose, 1.2 mM palmitate, and 100 microU/ml insulin with or without 1 mM lactate. The rates of glycolysis, glucose, lactate, and fatty acid oxidation were determined by supplementing the buffer with radiolabeled substrates. Cardiac function was similar between lactate+ and lactate- hearts. Glycolysis was not affected by 1 mM lactate. The addition of lactate did not alter glucose oxidation rates. Interestingly, palmitate oxidation rates almost doubled when 1 mM lactate was present in the perfusate. This study suggests that subst rate supply to the heart is crucially important when evaluating the data from metabolic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Onay-Besikci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara University, Tandogan 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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27
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Golman K, Petersson JS. Metabolic imaging and other applications of hyperpolarized 13C1. Acad Radiol 2006; 13:932-42. [PMID: 16843845 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2006.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2006] [Revised: 06/03/2006] [Accepted: 06/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaes Golman
- Amersham Health R&D AB, part of GE Healthcare, Medeon, SE-20512 Malmö, Sweden
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28
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Abstract
Over the past 20 years, stable isotopes combined with isotopomer analysis have proven to be a powerful approach to probe the dynamics of metabolism in various biological systems, including the heart. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how isotopomer analysis of metabolic fluxes can provide novel insights into the myocardial phenotype. Specifically, building on our past experience using NMR spectroscopy and GC-MS as applied to investigations of cardiac energy metabolism, we highlight specific complex metabolic networks that would not be predicted by classical biochemistry or by static measurements of metabolite, protein and mRNA levels.
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Mallet RT, Sun J, Knott EM, Sharma AB, Olivencia-Yurvati AH. Metabolic cardioprotection by pyruvate: recent progress. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2005; 230:435-43. [PMID: 15985618 DOI: 10.1177/153537020523000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyruvate, a natural metabolic fuel and antioxidant in myocardium and other tissues, exerts a variety of cardioprotective actions when provided at supraphysiological concentrations. Pyruvate increases cardiac contractile performance and myocardial energy state, bolsters endogenous antioxidant systems, and protects myocardium from ischemia-reperfusion injury and oxidant stress. This article reviews and discusses basic and clinically oriented research conducted over the last several years that has yielded fundamental information on pyruvate's inotropic and cardioprotective mechanisms. Particular attention is placed on pyruvate's enhancement of sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ transport, its antioxidant properties, and its ability to mitigate reversible and irreversible myocardial injury. These research efforts are establishing the essential foundation for clinical application of pyruvate therapy in numerous settings including cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, myocardial stunning, and cardiac failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert T Mallet
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX 76107-2699, USA.
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30
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Wang P, Lloyd SG, Chatham JC. Impact of high glucose/high insulin and dichloroacetate treatment on carbohydrate oxidation and functional recovery after low-flow ischemia and reperfusion in the isolated perfused rat heart. Circulation 2005; 111:2066-72. [PMID: 15824201 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000162466.06150.d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is believed that increasing cardiac glucose metabolism in the setting of ischemia and reperfusion is protective because of the resulting decrease in fatty acid oxidation, which improves cardiac efficiency and increases glucose oxidation relative to glycolysis; however, these conclusions are based primarily on studies in which glucose is the only carbohydrate provided. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of stimulating myocardial carbohydrate use either by increasing glucose and insulin levels or by using dichloroacetate on the response to ischemia and reperfusion in hearts perfused with physiological concentrations of lactate and pyruvate plus glucose and fatty acids. METHODS AND RESULTS Metabolic fluxes were determined in hearts from male Sprague-Dawley rats perfused with 13C-labeled substrates using 13C/1H-NMR isotopomer analysis after 30 minutes of low-flow ischemia (0.3 mL/min) and 60 minutes of reperfusion. Measurements were made under control conditions: 5 mmol/L glucose, 1 mmol/L lactate, 0.1 mmol/L pyruvate, 0.3 mmol/L palmitate, and 50 microU/mL insulin plus dichloroacetate 5 mmol/L or glucose and insulin increased to 30 mmol/L and 1000 microU/mL, respectively. Dichloroacetate increased carbohydrate oxidation and the ratio of glucose oxidation to glycolysis but did not improve functional recovery or cardiac efficiency; however, elevated glucose and insulin levels improved functional recovery and cardiac efficiency but did not increase carbohydrate oxidation or the ratio of glucose oxidation to glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS These data support the notion that increasing myocardial glucose use is beneficial in the setting of ischemia and reperfusion; however, the protective effect appears not to be mediated by shifting the balance between carbohydrate and fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine,University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294-0005, USA
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Wang P, Lloyd SG, Zeng H, Bonen A, Chatham JC. Impact of altered substrate utilization on cardiac function in isolated hearts from Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H2102-10. [PMID: 15615844 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00935.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to determine whether changes in cardiac metabolism in Type 2 diabetes are associated with contractile dysfunction or impaired response to ischemia. Hearts from Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) and lean control rats were isolated and perfused with glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and palmitate. The rates of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and palmitate oxidation rates and glycolysis were determined during baseline perfusion and low-flow ischemia (LFI; 0.3 ml/min for 30 min) and after LFI and reperfusion. Under all conditions, ATP synthesis from palmitate was increased and synthesis from lactate was decreased in the ZDF group, whereas the contribution from glucose was unchanged. During baseline perfusion, the rate of glycolysis was lower in the ZDF group; however, during LFI and reperfusion, there were no differences between groups. Despite these metabolic shifts, there were no differences in oxygen consumption or ATP production rates between the groups under any perfusion conditions. Cardiac function was slightly depressed before LFI in the ZDF group, but during reperfusion, function was improved relative to the control group despite the increased dependence on fatty acids for energy production. These data suggest that in this model of diabetes, the shift from carbohydrates to fatty acids for oxidative energy production did not increase myocardial oxygen consumption and was not associated with impaired response to ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-0005, USA
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