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Zemskov EA, Lu Q, Ornatowski W, Klinger CN, Desai AA, Maltepe E, Yuan JXJ, Wang T, Fineman JR, Black SM. Biomechanical Forces and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Pulmonary Vascular Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:819-842. [PMID: 30623676 PMCID: PMC6751394 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress in the cell is characterized by excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are the main ROS involved in the regulation of cellular metabolism. As our fundamental understanding of the underlying causes of lung disease has increased it has become evident that oxidative stress plays a critical role. Recent Advances: A number of cells in the lung both produce, and respond to, ROS. These include vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells as well as the cells involved in the inflammatory response, including macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils. The redox system is involved in multiple aspects of cell metabolism and cell homeostasis. Critical Issues: Dysregulation of the cellular redox system has consequential effects on cell signaling pathways that are intimately involved in disease progression. The lung is exposed to biomechanical forces (fluid shear stress, cyclic stretch, and pressure) due to the passage of blood through the pulmonary vessels and the distension of the lungs during the breathing cycle. Cells within the lung respond to these forces by activating signal transduction pathways that alter their redox state with both physiologic and pathologic consequences. Future Directions: Here, we will discuss the intimate relationship between biomechanical forces and redox signaling and its role in the development of pulmonary disease. An understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by biomechanical forces in the pulmonary vasculature is necessary for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny A Zemskov
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Qing Lu
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Wojciech Ornatowski
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Christina N Klinger
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ankit A Desai
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emin Maltepe
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jason X-J Yuan
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Jeffrey R Fineman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Stephen M Black
- Department of Medicine, The University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, Arizona
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2
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Ambasta RK, Kohli H, Kumar P. Multiple therapeutic effect of endothelial progenitor cell regulated by drugs in diabetes and diabetes related disorder. J Transl Med 2017; 15:185. [PMID: 28859673 PMCID: PMC5580204 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced levels of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) counts have been reported in diabetic mellitus (DM) patients and other diabetes-related disorder. EPCs are a circulating, bone marrow-derived cell population that appears to participate in vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and damage repair. These EPC may revert the damage caused in diabetic condition. We aim to identify several existing drugs and signaling molecule, which could alleviate or improve the diabetes condition via mobilizing and increasing EPC number as well as function. MAIN BODY Accumulated evidence suggests that dysregulation of EPC phenotype and function may be attributed to several signaling molecules and cytokines in DM patients. Hyperglycemia alone, through the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) via eNOS and NOX, can induce changes in gene expression and cellular behavior in diabetes. Furthermore, reports suggest that EPC telomere shortening via increased oxidative DNA damage may play an important role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. In this review, different type of EPC derived from different sources has been discussed along with cell-surface marker. The reduced number and immobilized EPC in diabetic condition have been mobilized for the therapeutic purpose via use of existing, and novel drugs have been discussed. Hence, evidence list of all types of drugs that have been reported to target the same pathway which affect EPC number and function in diabetes has been reviewed. Additionally, we highlight that proteins are critical in diabetes via polymorphism and inhibitor studies. Ultimately, a lucid pictorial explanation of diabetic and normal patient signaling pathways of the collected data have been presented in order to understand the complex signaling mystery underlying in the diseased and normal condition. CONCLUSION Finally, we conclude on eNOS-metformin-HSp90 signaling and its remedial effect for controlling the EPC to improve the diabetic condition for delaying diabetes-related complication. Altogether, the review gives a holistic overview about the elaborate therapeutic effect of EPC regulated by novel and existing drugs in diabetes and diabetes-related disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi K. Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
| | - Harleen Kohli
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, DTU, Delhi, India
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3
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Byon CH, Heath JM, Chen Y. Redox signaling in cardiovascular pathophysiology: A focus on hydrogen peroxide and vascular smooth muscle cells. Redox Biol 2016; 9:244-253. [PMID: 27591403 PMCID: PMC5011184 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress represents excessive intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which plays a major role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Besides having a critical impact on the development and progression of vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis and diabetic vasculopathy, oxidative stress also regulates physiological signaling processes. As a cell permeable ROS generated by cellular metabolism involved in intracellular signaling, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exerts tremendous impact on cardiovascular pathophysiology. Under pathological conditions, increased oxidase activities and/or impaired antioxidant systems results in uncontrolled production of ROS. In a pro-oxidant environment, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) undergo phenotypic changes which can lead to the development of vascular dysfunction such as vascular inflammation and calcification. Investigations are ongoing to elucidate the mechanisms for cardiovascular disorders induced by oxidative stress. This review mainly focuses on the role of H2O2 in regulating physiological and pathological signals in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack M Heath
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; University of Alabama at Birmingham, and the Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Saad MI, Abdelkhalek TM, Saleh MM, Kamel MA, Youssef M, Tawfik SH, Dominguez H. Insights into the molecular mechanisms of diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction: focus on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells. Endocrine 2015; 50:537-67. [PMID: 26271514 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0709-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous, multifactorial, chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia owing to insulin insufficiency and insulin resistance (IR). Recent epidemiological studies showed that the diabetes epidemic affects 382 million people worldwide in 2013, and this figure is expected to be 600 million people by 2035. Diabetes is associated with microvascular and macrovascular complications resulting in accelerated endothelial dysfunction (ED), atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Unfortunately, the complex pathophysiology of diabetic cardiovascular damage is not fully understood. Therefore, there is a clear need to better understand the molecular pathophysiology of ED in diabetes, and consequently, better treatment options and novel efficacious therapies could be identified. In the light of recent extensive research, we re-investigate the association between diabetes-associated metabolic disturbances (IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, dysregulated production of adipokines, defective incretin and gut hormones production/action, and oxidative stress) and ED, focusing on oxidative stress and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). In addition, we re-emphasize that oxidative stress is the final common pathway that transduces signals from other conditions-either directly or indirectly-leading to ED and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Taha M Abdelkhalek
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Moustafa M Saleh
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Maher A Kamel
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mina Youssef
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady H Tawfik
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Helena Dominguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wang X, Tao L, Hai CX. Redox-regulating role of insulin: the essence of insulin effect. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 349:111-27. [PMID: 21878367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that insulin acts as an important hormone, controlling energy metabolism, cellular proliferation and biosynthesis of functional molecules to maintain a biological homeostasis. Over the past few years, intensive insulin therapy has been believed to be benefit for the outcome of diabetic patients, in which the suppression of oxidative stress plays a role. Moreover, insulin is accepted as a key component of glucose-insulin-potassium, a treatment which has been believed to exert significant cardiovascular protective effect via the reduction of oxidative stress. Furthermore, accumulating evidence has suggested that insulin exerts important redox-regulating actions in various insulin-sensitive target organs, implying the systematic antioxidative role of insulin as a hormone. It is time for us to revisit insulin effects, through summarizing and evaluating the novel functions of insulin and their mechanisms. This review focuses on the antioxidative effect of insulin and highlights insulin-induced regulation of various antioxidant enzymes via insulin signaling pathways and the cross talk between key transcription factors, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) which are responsible for the transcription of antioxidant enzymes, leading to reduced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the enhancement of the elimination of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Preventive Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Kapakos G, Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. Modulatory Role of Nitric Oxide/cGMP System in Endothelin-1-Induced Signaling Responses in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Curr Cardiol Rev 2011; 6:247-54. [PMID: 22043200 PMCID: PMC3083805 DOI: 10.2174/157340310793566055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2010] [Revised: 09/03/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important vasoprotective molecule that serves not only as a vasodilator but also exerts antihypertrophic and antiproliferative effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). The precise mechanism by which the antihypertrophic and antiproliferative responses of NO are mediated remains obscure. However, recent studies have suggested that one of the mechanisms by which this may be achieved includes the attenuation of signal transduction pathways responsible for inducing the hypertrophic and proliferative program in VSMC. Endothelin-1 is a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide with mitogenic and growth stimulatory properties and exerts its effects by activating multiple signaling pathways which include ERK 1/2, PKB and Rho-ROCK. Both cGMP-dependent and independent events have been reported to mediate the effect of NO on these pathways leading to its vasoprotective response. This review briefly summarizes some key studies on the modulatory effect of NO on these signaling pathways and discusses the possible role of cGMP system in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Kapakos
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM) - Technopole Angus and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Insulin resistance determines phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase overactivation in metabolic syndrome patients. J Hypertens 2009; 27:1420-30. [PMID: 19357530 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e32832b1e8f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with insulin resistance and increases the cardiovascular risk. Oxidative stress constitutes a potential mechanism that links insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of NADPH oxidase activation with insulin resistance, and the effect of this interaction on the cardiovascular risk in MetS patients. METHODS NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production and expression was evaluated by luminescence and western blot, respectively, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 125 patients with MetS. Insulin resistance was defined by the homeostasis model assessment index. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in plasma samples. To ascertain the mechanisms involved in vivo, we performed in-vitro experiments in cultured macrophages. RESULTS Fifty-six percent of patients with MetS showed insulin resistance. Plasma matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels were higher (P < 0.05) in insulin-resistant patients than in patients with insulin sensitivity. NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was augmented (P < 0.05) in insulin-resistant patients with respect to insulin-sensitive patients. The interaction between insulin resistance and abnormally high NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production was associated with the highest matrix metalloproteinase-9 values. Increased NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was significantly associated with higher NADPH oxidase p22phox expression in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive patients. Interestingly, insulin upregulated p22phox in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in murine macrophages. CONCLUSION Insulin resistance is associated with phagocytic NADPH oxidase activation. This association results in the highest cardiovascular risk in MetS patients.
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Zapata M, Tanguy A, David E, Moraga D, Riquelme C. Transcriptomic response of Argopecten purpuratus post-larvae to copper exposure under experimental conditions. Gene 2009; 442:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2009.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2008] [Revised: 04/03/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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9
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Vardatsikos G, Sahu A, Srivastava AK. The insulin-like growth factor family: molecular mechanisms, redox regulation, and clinical implications. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:1165-90. [PMID: 19014342 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2008.2161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-induced signaling networks are vital in modulating multiple fundamental cellular processes, such as cell growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. Aberrations in the generation or action of IGF have been suggested to play an important role in several pathological conditions, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and multiple types of cancer. Yet the exact mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases by IGFs remains obscure. Redox pathways involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) contribute to the pathogenetic mechanism of various diseases by modifying key signaling pathways involved in cell growth, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis. Furthermore, ROS and RNS have been demonstrated to alter IGF production and/or action, and vice versa, and thereby have the ability to modulate cellular functions, leading to clinical manifestations of diseases. In this review, we provide an overview on the IGF system and discuss the potential role of IGF-1/IGF-1 receptor and redox pathways in the pathophysiology of several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Vardatsikos
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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San José G, Bidegain J, Robador PA, Díez J, Fortuño A, Zalba G. Insulin-induced NADPH oxidase activation promotes proliferation and matrix metalloproteinase activation in monocytes/macrophages. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:1058-67. [PMID: 19439231 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin stimulates superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in monocytes and macrophages. However, the mechanisms through which insulin induces O(2)(-) production are not completely understood. In this study, we (a) characterized the enzyme and the pathways involved in insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production in human monocytes and murine macrophages, and (b) analyzed the consequences of insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production on the cellular phenotype in these cells. We showed that insulin stimulated O(2)(-) production, and promoted p47(phox) translocation to the plasma membrane. Insulin-induced O(2)(-) production and p47(phox) translocation were prevented in the presence of specific inhibitors of PI3K and PKC. Insulin-mediated NADPH oxidase activation stimulated MMP-9 activation in monocytes and cell proliferation in macrophages. The effect of insulin on these phenotypic responses was mediated through NFkappaB, p38MAPK, and ERK 1/2 activation. Small-interfering RNA-specific gene silencing targeted specifically against Nox2 reduced the cognate protein expression, decreased insulin-induced O(2)(-) production, inhibited the turn on of NFkappaB, p38MAPK, and ERK 1/2, and reduced cell proliferation in macrophages. These findings suggest a pivotal role for NADPH oxidase in insulin-induced proliferation and proteolytic activation in monocytes and macrophages, respectively, and identify a pathway that may play a pathological role in hyperinsulinemic states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka San José
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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11
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Roztocil E, Nicholl SM, Davies MG. Insulin-induced epidermal growth factor activation in vascular smooth muscle cells is ADAM-dependent. Surgery 2008; 144:245-51. [PMID: 18656632 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2008.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 03/14/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the rise in metabolic syndrome, understanding the role of insulin signaling within the cells of vasculature has become more important but yet remains poorly defined. This study examines the role of insulin actions on a pivotal cross-talk receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). EGFR is transactivated by both G-protein-coupled receptors and receptor-linked tyrosine kinases and is key to many of their responses. OBJECTIVE To determine the pathway of EGFR transactivation by insulin in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). METHODS VSMC were cultured in vitro. Assays of EGFR phosphorylation were examined in response to insulin in the presence and absence of the plasmin inhibitors (e-aminocaproic acid and aprotinin) matrix metalloprotease (MMP) inhibitor GM6001, the A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain (ADAM) inhibitors tumor necrosis factor-alpha protease inhibitor (TAPI)-0 and TAPI-1, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (HB-EGF) inhibitor, CRM197, HB-EGF inhibitory antibodies, EGF inhibitory antibodies, and the EGFR inhibitor AG1478. RESULTS Insulin induced time-dependent EGFR phosphorylation, which was inhibited by AG1478 in a concentration-dependent manner. Application of the plasmin inhibitors did not block the response. EGFR phosphorylation by insulin was blocked by inhibition of MMP activity and the ligand HB-EGF. The presence of the ADAM inhibitors, TAPI-0 and TAPI-1 significantly decreased EGFR activation. EGFR phosphorylation by EGF was not interrupted by inhibition of plasmin, MMPs TAPIs, or HB-EGF. Direct blockade of the EGFR prevented activation by both insulin and EGF. CONCLUSION Insulin can induce transactivation of EGFR by an ADAM-mediated, HB-EGF-dependent process. This is the first description of cross-talk via ADAM between insulin and EGFR in VSMC. Targeting a pivotal cross-talk receptor such as EGFR, which can be transactivated by both G-protein-coupled receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases is an attractive molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Roztocil
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Zhuang D, Pu Q, Ceacareanu B, Chang Y, Dixit M, Hassid A. Chronic insulin treatment amplifies PDGF-induced motility in differentiated aortic smooth muscle cells by suppressing the expression and function of PTP1B. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2008; 295:H163-73. [PMID: 18456732 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01105.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia plays a major role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Restenosis occurs at an accelerated rate in hyperinsulinemia and is dependent on increased vascular smooth muscle cell movement from media to neointima. PDGF plays a critical role in mediating neointima formation in models of vascular injury. We have reported that PDGF increases the levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B and that PTP1B suppresses PDGF-induced motility in cultured cells and that it attenuates neointima formation in injured carotid arteries. Others have reported that insulin enhances the mitogenic and motogenic effects of PDGF in cultured smooth muscle cells and that hyperinsulinemia promotes vascular remodeling. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that insulin amplifies PDGF-induced cell motility by suppressing the expression and function of PTP1B. We found that chronic but not acute treatment of cells with insulin enhances PDGF-induced motility in differentiated cultured primary rat aortic smooth muscle cells and that it suppresses PDGF-induced upregulation of PTP1B protein. Moreover, insulin suppresses PDGF-induced upregulation of PTP1B mRNA levels, PTP1B enzyme activity, and binding of PTP1B to the PDGF receptor-beta, and it enhances PDGF-induced PDGF receptor phosphotyrosylation. Treatment with insulin induces time-dependent upregulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)-delta and activation of Akt, an enzyme downstream of PI3-kinase. Finally, inhibition of PI3-kinase activity, or its function, by pharmacological or genetic means rescues PTP1B activity in insulin-treated cells. These observations uncover novel mechanisms that explain how insulin amplifies the motogenic capacity of the pivotal growth factor PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhuang
- Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Tennessee, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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13
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Pérez de Obanos MP, López-Zabalza MJ, Arriazu E, Modol T, Prieto J, Herraiz MT, Iraburu MJ. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate the effects of leucine on translation regulation and type I collagen production in hepatic stellate cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2007; 1773:1681-8. [PMID: 17707924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2007.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid leucine causes an increase of collagen alpha1(I) synthesis in hepatic stellate cells through the activation of translational regulatory mechanisms and PI3K/Akt/mTOR and ERK signaling pathways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role played by reactive oxygen species on these effects. Intracellular reactive oxygen species levels were increased in hepatic stellate cells incubated with leucine 5 mM at early time points, and this effect was abolished by pretreatment with the antioxidant glutathione. Preincubation with glutathione also prevented 4E-BP1, eIF4E and Mnk-1 phosphorylation induced by leucine, as well as enhancement of procollagen alpha1(I) protein levels. Inhibitors for MEK-1 (PD98059), PI3K (wortmannin) or mTOR (rapamycin) did not affect leucine-induced reactive oxygen species production. However, preincubation with glutathione prevented ERK, Akt and mTOR phosphorylation caused by treatment with leucine. The mitochondrial electron chain inhibitor rotenone and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin prevented reactive oxygen species production caused by leucine. Leucine also induced an increased phosphorylation of IR/IGF-R that was abolished by pretreatment with either rotenone or apocynin. Therefore, leucine exerts on hepatic stellate cells a prooxidant action through NADPH oxidase and mitochondrial Reactive oxygen species production and these effects mediate the activation of IR/IGF-IR and signaling pathways, finally leading to changes in translational regulation of collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María P Pérez de Obanos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Bouallegue A, Daou GB, Srivastava AK. Nitric oxide attenuates endothelin-1-induced activation of ERK1/2, PKB, and Pyk2 in vascular smooth muscle cells by a cGMP-dependent pathway. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 293:H2072-9. [PMID: 17644565 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01097.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), in addition to its vasodilator action, has also been shown to antagonize the mitogenic and hypertrophic responses of growth factors and vasoactive peptides such as endothelin-1 (ET-1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the mechanism by which NO exerts its antimitogenic and antihypertrophic effect remains unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether NO generation would modify ET-1-induced signaling pathways involved in cellular growth, proliferation, and hypertrophy in A-10 VSMCs. Treatment of A-10 VSMCs with S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or sodium nitroprusside (SNP), two NO donors, attenuated the ET-1-enhanced phosphorylation of several key components of growth-promoting and hypertrophic signaling pathways such as ERK1/2, PKB, and Pyk2. On the other hand, inhibition of the endogenous NO generation with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, increased the ET-1-induced phosphorylation of these signaling components. Since NO mediates its effect principally through a cGMP-soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) pathway, we investigated the role of these molecules in NO action. 8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate, a nonmetabolizable and cell-permeant analog of cGMP, exhibited a effect similar to that of SNAP and SNP. Furthermore, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), an inhibitor of sGC, reversed the inhibitory effect of NO on ET-1-induced responses. SNAP treatment also decreased the protein synthesis induced by ET-1. Together, these data demonstrate that NO, in a cGMP-dependent manner, attenuated ET-1-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, PKB, and Pyk2 and also antagonized the hypertrophic effects of ET-1. It may be suggested that NO-induced generation of cGMP contributes to the inhibition of ET-1-induced mitogenic and hypertrophic responses in VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/embryology
- Aorta, Thoracic/enzymology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Cell Proliferation
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic GMP/analogs & derivatives
- Cyclic GMP/metabolism
- Cyclic GMP/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endothelin-1/metabolism
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 2/metabolism
- Guanylate Cyclase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Guanylate Cyclase/metabolism
- Hypertrophy/enzymology
- Hypertrophy/metabolism
- Leucine/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/embryology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nitric Oxide Synthase/metabolism
- Nitroprusside/pharmacology
- Oxadiazoles/pharmacology
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Quinoxalines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bouallegue
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre, Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Technopole Angus Campus, and Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Biswas S, Gupta MK, Chattopadhyay D, Mukhopadhyay CK. Insulin-induced activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 requires generation of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2007; 292:H758-66. [PMID: 17085541 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00718.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 activation in response to hypoxia requires mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, the requirement of ROS for HIF-1 activation by growth factors like insulin remains unexplored. To explore that, insulin-sensitive hepatic cell HepG2 or cardiac muscle cell H9c2 cells were pretreated with NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) or apocynin and HIF-1 activation was tested by electrophoretic mobility shift and reporter gene assay. Antioxidants DPI or apocynin completely blocked insulin-stimulated HIF-1 activation. The restoration of HIF-1 activation by H2O2 in DPI-pretreated cells not only confirmed the role of ROS but also identified H2O2 as the responsible ROS. The role of NADPH oxidase was further confirmed by greater stimulation of HIF-1 during simultaneous treatment of suboptimal concentration of insulin along with NADPH but not by NADH. The role of oxidant generated by insulin is found to inhibit the protein tyrosine phosphatase as suggested by the following observations. First, tyrosine phosphatase-specific inhibitor sodium vanadate compensates DPI-inhibited HIF-1 activity. Second, sodium vanadate stimulates HIF-1 activation with suboptimal concentration of insulin. Third, DPI and pyrrolidene dithiocarbamate (PDTC) blocks insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase activation. The activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase as evidenced by Akt phosphorylation, involved in HIF-1 activation, is also dependent on ROS generation by insulin. Finally, DPI pretreatment blocked insulin-stimulated expression of genes like VEGF, GLUT1, and ceruloplasmin. Overall, our data provide strong evidence for the essential role of NADPH oxidase-generated ROS in insulin-stimulated activation of HIF-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Biswas
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110-067, India
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16
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Hamed A, Kim P, Cho M. Synthesis of Nitric Oxide in Human Osteoblasts in Response to Physiologic Stimulation of Electrotherapy. Ann Biomed Eng 2006; 34:1908-16. [PMID: 17066323 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-006-9206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Electrotherapy for bone healing, remodeling and wound healing may be mediated by modulation of nitric oxide (NO). Using NO-specific fluorophore (DAF-2), we report here that application of non-invasive, physiologic electrical stimulation induces NO synthesis in human osteoblasts, and that such NO generation is comparable to that induced by estrogen treatment. For example, application of a sinusoidal 1 Hz, 2 V/cm (peak to peak) electrical stimulation (ES) increases NO-bound DAF-2 fluorescence intensity by a 2-fold within 60 min exposure by activating nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Increase in the NO level is found to depend critically on the frequency and strength of ES. While the frequency of 1 Hz ES seems optimal, the ES strength >0.5 V/cm is required to induce significant NO increase, however. Nitric oxide synthesis in response to ES is completely prevented by blocking estrogen receptors using a competitive inhibitor, suggesting that NO generation is likely initiated by activation of estrogen receptors at the cell surface. Based on these findings, physiologic stimulation of electrotherapy appears to represent a potential non-invasive, non-genomic, and novel physical technique that could be used to regulate NO-mediated bone density and facilitate bone remodeling without adverse effects associated with hormone therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Hamed
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St. (M/C 063), Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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17
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Fortuño A, San José G, Moreno MU, Beloqui O, Díez J, Zalba G. Phagocytic NADPH oxidase overactivity underlies oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Diabetes 2006; 55:209-15. [PMID: 16380495 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.55.01.06.db05-0751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in patients with metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate whether a relationship exists between phagocytic NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome patients. The study was performed in 56 metabolic syndrome patients (metabolic syndrome group), 99 patients with one or two cardiovascular risk factors (cardiovascular risk factor group), and 28 healthy subjects (control group). NADPH oxidase expression and activity was augmented (P < 0.05) in metabolic syndrome compared with cardiovascular risk factor and control groups. Insulin was enhanced (P < 0.05) in metabolic syndrome patients compared with cardiovascular risk factor and control groups and correlated with NADPH oxidase activity in the overall population. Insulin stimulated NADPH oxidase activity; this effect was abolished by a specific protein kinase C inhibitor. Oxidized LDL and nitrotyrosine levels and carotid intima-media thickness were increased (P < 0.05) in the metabolic syndrome group compared with cardiovascular risk factor and control groups and correlated with NADPH oxidase activity in the overall population. These findings suggest that phagocytic NADPH oxidase overactivity is involved in oxidative stress and atherosclerosis in metabolic syndrome patients. Our findings also suggest that hyperinsulinemia may contribute to oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome patients through activation of NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Fortuño
- Area de Ciencias Cardiovasculares, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada, Avda. Pío XII 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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18
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Ceacareanu AC, Ceacareanu B, Zhuang D, Chang Y, Ray RM, Desai L, Chapman KE, Waters CM, Hassid A. Nitric oxide attenuates IGF-I-induced aortic smooth muscle cell motility by decreasing Rac1 activity: essential role of PTP-PEST and p130cas. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2005; 290:C1263-70. [PMID: 16354758 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00241.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent data support the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a central role in the initiation and progression of vascular diseases. An important vasoprotective function related to the regulation of ROS levels appears to be the antioxidant capacity of nitric oxide (NO). We previously reported that treatment with NO decreases phosphotyrosine levels of adapter protein p130(cas) by increasing protein tyrosine phosphatase-proline, glutamate, serine, and threonine sequence protein (PTP-PEST) activity, which leads to the suppression of agonist-induced H(2)O(2) elevation and motility in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The present study was performed to investigate the hypotheses that 1) IGF-I increases the activity of the small GTPase Rac1 as well as H(2)O(2) levels and 2) NO suppresses IGF-I-induced H(2)O(2) elevation by decreasing Rac1 activity via increased PTP-PEST activity and dephosphorylation of p130(cas). We report that IGF-I induces phosphorylation of p130(cas) and activation of Rac1 and that NO attenuates these effects. The effects of NO are mimicked by the overexpression of PTP-PEST or dominant-negative (dn)-p130(cas) and antagonized by the expression of dn-PTP-PEST or p130(cas). We conclude that IGF-I induces rat aortic SMC motility by increasing phosphotyrosine levels of p130(cas) and activating Rac1 and that NO decreases motility by activating PTP-PEST, inducing dephosphorylating p130(cas), and decreasing Rac1 activity. Decreased Rac1 activity lowers intracellular H(2)O(2) levels, thus attenuating cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice-Corina Ceacareanu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 894 Union Ave., Memphis, 38163, USA
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19
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Chapman KE, Sinclair SE, Zhuang D, Hassid A, Desai LP, Waters CM. Cyclic mechanical strain increases reactive oxygen species production in pulmonary epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2005; 289:L834-41. [PMID: 15964900 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00069.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Overdistention of lung tissue during mechanical ventilation may be one of the factors that initiates ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). We hypothesized that cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) of the lung epithelium is involved in the early events of VILI through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cultures of an immortalized human airway epithelial cell line (16HBE), a human alveolar type II cell line (A549), and primary cultures of rat alveolar type II cells were cyclically stretched, and the production of superoxide (O2-) was measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence. CMS stimulated increased production of O2- after 2 h in each type of cell. 16HBE cells exhibited no significant stimulation of ROS before 2 h of CMS (20% strain, 30 cycles/min), and ROS production returned to control levels after 24 h. Oxidation of glutathione (GSH), a cellular antioxidant, increased with CMS as measured by a decrease in the ratio of the reduced GSH level to the oxidized GSH level. Strain levels of 10% did not increase O2- production in 16HBE cells, whereas 15, 20, and 30% significantly increased generation of O2-. Rotenone, a mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, partially abrogated the stretch-induced generation of O2- after 2 h CMS in 16HBE cells. NADPH oxidase activity was increased after 2 h of CMS, contributing to the production of O2-. Increased ROS production in lung epithelial cells in response to elevated stretch may contribute to the onset of VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth E Chapman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
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20
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Zhuang D, Ceacareanu AC, Ceacareanu B, Hassid A. Essential role of protein kinase G and decreased cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels in NO-induced inhibition of rat aortic smooth muscle cell motility. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2004; 288:H1859-66. [PMID: 15576431 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01031.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hyperinsulinemia is a major risk factor for the development of vascular disease. We have reported that insulin increases the motility of vascular smooth muscle cells via a hydrogen peroxide-mediated mechanism and that nitric oxide (NO) attenuates insulin-induced motility via a cGMP-mediated mechanism. Events downstream of cGMP elevation have not yet been investigated. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that antimotogenic effects of NO and cGMP in cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells are mediated via PKG, followed by reduction of cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels and increased protein tyrosine phosphatase-proline, glutamate, serine, and threonine activity, leading to suppression of agonist-induced elevation of hydrogen peroxide levels and cell motility. Treatment of primary cultures with adenovirus expressing PKG-1alpha mimicked NO-induced inhibition of insulin-elicited hydrogen peroxide elevation and cell motility, whereas treatment with the pharmacological PKG inhibitor Rp-8-bromo-3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS) rescued the stimulatory effects of insulin that were suppressed by NO donor. Treatment of cells with insulin failed to increase cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels, whereas NO donor decreased cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels in the presence or absence of insulin. Treatment of cells with the Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA mimicked the effects of PKG and the NO donor and increased the activity of PTP-PEST. Finally, treatment with a dominant negative allele of PTP-PEST reversed the inhibitory effect of BAPTA on cell motility and hydrogen peroxide elevation. We conclude that NO-induced inhibition of cell motility occurs via PKG-mediated reduction of basal cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels, followed by increased PTP-PEST activity, leading to decreased hydrogen peroxide levels and reduced cell motility.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Chelating Agents/pharmacology
- Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Cytoplasm/metabolism
- Egtazic Acid/analogs & derivatives
- Egtazic Acid/pharmacology
- Female
- Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide/metabolism
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 12
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/genetics
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhuang
- Dept. of Physiology, University of Tennessee, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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