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Bao J, Gao Z, Hu Y, Ye L, Wang L. Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1: cardioprotective effects in diabetic models. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2281743. [PMID: 37983306 PMCID: PMC10761101 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2281743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, especially heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death in patients with diabetes. Individuals with diabetes are prone to a special type of cardiomyopathy called diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), which cannot be explained by heart diseases such as hypertension or coronary artery disease, and can contribute to HF. Unfortunately, the current treatment strategy for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications is mainly to control blood glucose levels; nonetheless, the improvement of cardiac structure and function is not ideal. The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1), a nonselective cation channel, has been shown to be universally expressed in the cardiovascular system. Increasing evidence has shown that the activation of TRPV1 channel has a potential protective influence on the cardiovascular system. Numerous studies show that activating TRPV1 channels can improve the occurrence and progression of diabetes-related complications, including cardiomyopathy; however, the specific mechanisms and effects are unclear. In this review, we summarize that TRPV1 channel activation plays a protective role in the heart of diabetic models from oxidation/nitrification stress, mitochondrial function, endothelial function, inflammation, and cardiac energy metabolism to inhibit the occurrence and progression of DCM. Therefore, TRPV1 may become a latent target for the prevention and treatment of diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Bao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhicheng Gao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yilan Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lifang Ye
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital (Affiliated People’s Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Uryash A, Umlas J, Mijares A, Adams JA, Lopez JR. Enhancing Muscle Intracellular Ca 2+ Homeostasis and Glucose Uptake: Passive Pulsatile Shear Stress Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2596. [PMID: 37892970 PMCID: PMC10604129 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a significant global public health problem that has seen a substantial increase in the number of affected individuals in recent decades. In a murine model of T2D (db/db), we found several abnormalities, including aberrant intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), decreased glucose transport, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), elevated levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins and creatine phosphokinase (CK), and muscle weakness. Previously, we demonstrated that passive pulsatile shear stress, generated by sinusoidal (headward-forward) motion, using a motion platform that provides periodic acceleration of the whole body in the Z plane (pGz), induces the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) mediated by constitutive nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and nNOS). We investigated the effect of pGz on db/db a rodent model of T2D. The treatment of db/db mice with pGz resulted in several beneficial effects. It reduced [Ca2+]i overload; enhanced muscle glucose transport; and decreased ROS levels, interleukins, and CK. Furthermore, pGz treatment increased the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (p-eNOS), and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS); reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); and improved muscle strength. The cytoprotective effects of pGz appear to be mediated by NO, since pretreatment with L-NAME, a nonspecific NOS inhibitor, abolished the effects of pGz on [Ca2+]i and ROS production. Our findings suggest that a non-pharmacological strategy such as pGz has therapeutic potential as an adjunct treatment to T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Jordan Umlas
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Alfredo Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas 21827, Venezuela;
| | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL 33140, USA; (A.U.); (J.A.A.)
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
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3
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An Y, Xu BT, Wan SR, Ma XM, Long Y, Xu Y, Jiang ZZ. The role of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2023; 22:237. [PMID: 37660030 PMCID: PMC10475205 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-023-01965-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by long-term hyperglycaemia, which leads to microangiopathy and macroangiopathy and ultimately increases the mortality of diabetic patients. Endothelial dysfunction, which has been recognized as a key factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy and macroangiopathy, is characterized by a reduction in NO bioavailability. Oxidative stress, which is the main pathogenic factor in diabetes, is one of the major triggers of endothelial dysfunction through the reduction in NO. In this review, we summarize the four sources of ROS in the diabetic vasculature and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the pathogenic factors hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, adipokines and insulin resistance induce oxidative stress in endothelial cells in the context of diabetes. In addition, we discuss oxidative stress-targeted interventions, including hypoglycaemic drugs, antioxidants and lifestyle interventions, and their effects on diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction. In summary, our review provides comprehensive insight into the roles of oxidative stress in diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying An
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Bu-Tuo Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Wan
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
| | - Zong-Zhe Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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Dab H, Ben Hamed S, Hodroj W, Zourgui L. Combined diabetes and chronic stress exacerbates cytokine production and oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2023.2182137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Houcine Dab
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Said Ben Hamed
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Veterinary Microbiology (LEMV), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wassim Hodroj
- Académie de Versailles, University of Versailles, Athis-Mons, France
| | - Lazhar Zourgui
- Research Unit of Valorization of Active Biomolecules, Higher Institute of Applied Biology Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
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5
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Coptis chinensis, and extracts of guava and mulberry leaves present good inhibiting potential on obesity and associated metabolic disorders in high-fat diet obesity mice model. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:270-276. [PMID: 37128193 PMCID: PMC10148135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the anti-obesity effects of Coptis chinensis (CC), BALASAN (combinational guava leaf extract and mulberry leaf extract), and CC/BALASAN (CC/BAL) on high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice and to explore possible mediating mechanisms in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Oil red-O stain was used to test the effects of CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Additionally, real-time PCR was used to detect the expression of genes involved in adipocyte differentiation and inflammation-related genes in adipose tissue of mice that were fed a high-fat diet. CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and exhibited excellent inhibitory ability against the expression of PPARγ and RXRα genes associated with adipocyte differentiation. Replenishing mice with a high-fat diet with CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL reduced body weight gaining and blood glucose and plasma cholesterol levels. CC also effectively reduced liver weight, whereas BALASAN and CC/BAL had no inhibitory effect. In addition, CC effectively inhibited the expression of C/EBP-α in adipose tissue. Interestingly, BALASAN not only inhibited the expression of C/EBP-α, but also that of PPARγ, RXRα, and TNFα. Such data indicated that CC, BALASAN, and CC/BAL may have potentially beneficial effects against obesity and associated metabolic disorders by down-regulating the PPARγ/RXRα pathway.
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6
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Chen J, Meng X. Aronia melanocarpa Anthocyanin Extracts Improve Hepatic Structure and Function in High-Fat Diet-/Streptozotocin-Induced T2DM Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11531-11543. [PMID: 36084327 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins can prevent and ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its mechanism of action has not been fully established. IKK/NF-κB and JAK/Stat pathways have multiple effects, triggering T2DM. Liver abnormalities in individuals with T2DM are detrimental to glycemic control. We determined whether anthocyanins could improve the liver of individuals with T2DM using IKK/NF-κB and JAK/Stat. We established a T2DM mouse model using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin and then performed Aronia melanocarpa anthocyanin extracts' (AMAEs') administration for 5 weeks. AMAEs improved blood glucose and hyperinsulinemia of T2DM mice. In the liver of AMAE-administered T2DM mice, ROS, IKKβ/NF-κB p65, and JAK2/Stat3/5B signalings were down-regulated, thereby reducing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), iNOS, and inflammatory mediators. AMAE-improved hyperinsulinemia also down-regulated SOCS3 by decreasing p-Stat5B in hepatocytes. AMAEs enhanced glucose uptake and conversion and decreased hepatocyte enlargement and inflammatory cells in the liver of T2DM mice. These indicated that AMAEs could alleviate oxidative stress, insulin resistance, inflammation, and tissue damage in the liver of T2DM mice through inhibiting NF-κB p65 and Stat3/5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P. R. China
| | - Xianjun Meng
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110866, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang S, Paul S, Kundu P. NF-κB Regulation by Gut Microbiota Decides Homeostasis or Disease Outcome During Ageing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:874940. [PMID: 35846362 PMCID: PMC9285657 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.874940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human beings and their indigenous microbial communities have coexisted for centuries, which led to the development of co-evolutionary mechanisms of communication and cooperation. Such communication machineries are governed by sophisticated multi-step feedback loops, which typically begin with the recognition of microbes by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), followed by a host transcriptional response leading to the release of effector molecules. Our gastrointestinal tract being the main platform for this interaction, a variety of host intestinal cells tightly regulate these loops to establish tolerance towards the microbial communities of the gut and maintain homeostasis. The transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an integral component of such a communication apparatus, which plays a critical role in determining the state of homeostasis or inflammation associated with dysbiosis in the host. Here we outline the crucial role of NF-κB in host response to microbial cues in the context of ageing and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Zhang
- Laboratory for Microbiota-Host Interactions, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Soumyajeet Paul
- Laboratory for Microbiota-Host Interactions, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Parag Kundu
- Laboratory for Microbiota-Host Interactions, The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Parag Kundu,
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8
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Han J, Zheng Q, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Bai Y, Yan B, Guo S, Yu J, Li X, Wang C. Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) gene deletion-mediated fracture healing in type II diabetic osteoporosis associates with inhibition of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Bioengineered 2022; 13:13689-13702. [PMID: 35707851 PMCID: PMC9275877 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2063663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is characterized by increased fracture risk. Evidence from in vivo studies is lacking for anti-fracture strategies in diabetes. Our microarray analyses predicted association of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) with both diabetes and osteoporosis, which was the focus of this work in a murine model of type II diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP). A T2DOP model with fracture was established in TLR9 knockout (TLR9−/−) mice, which were then treated with the NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor (PDTC) and activator (TNF-α). The obtained data suggested that TLR9 knockout augmented regeneration of bone tissues and cartilage area in the callus, and diminished fibrous tissues in T2DOP mice. Moreover, TLR9 depletion significantly affected bone mineral density (BMD), bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), connectivity density, trabecular number, trabecular separation and trabecular thickness, thus promoting fracture recovery. Bone morphology and structure were also improved in response to TLR9 depletion in T2DOP mice. TLR9 depletion inactivated NF-κB signaling in T2DOP mice. PDTC was found to enhance fracture healing in T2DOP mice, while TNF-α negated this effect. Collectively, these data indicate that TLR9 depletion may hold anti-fracture properties, making it a potential therapeutic target for T2DOP. Abbreviations: Diabetic osteoporosis (DOP); bone mineral density (BMD); Toll-like receptors (TLRs); type 2 diabetes (T2D); Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9); nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB); streptozotocin (STZ); type 2 diabetic osteoporosis (T2DOP); Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO); Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG); pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC); computed tomography (CT); Hematoxylin–eosin (HE); bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7); analysis of variance (ANOVA);
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Han
- Endocrinology Department, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, PR, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- Endocrinology Department, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, PR, China
| | - Yongxia Cheng
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Platform Management Division, Scientific Research Division of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Yuxin Bai
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Sufen Guo
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Jianbo Yu
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Ultrasound Department, Second Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Pathology Diagnosis Center, The HongQi Hospital, The First Clinical Medical School of Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, PR, China
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9
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Sabe SA, Feng J, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mechanisms and clinical implications of endothelium-dependent vasomotor dysfunction in coronary microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H819-H841. [PMID: 35333122 PMCID: PMC9018047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00603.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which affects the arterioles and capillary endothelium that regulate myocardial perfusion, is an increasingly recognized source of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the setting of metabolic syndrome. The coronary endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, though factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity can contribute to endothelial injury and consequently arteriolar vasomotor dysfunction. These disturbances in the coronary microvasculature clinically manifest as diminished coronary flow reserve, which is a known independent risk factor for cardiac death, even in the absence of macrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, a growing body of literature has examined the molecular mechanisms by which coronary microvascular injury occurs at the level of the endothelium and the consequences on arteriolar vasomotor responses. This review will begin with an overview of normal coronary microvascular physiology, modalities of measuring coronary microvascular function, and clinical implications of CMD. These introductory topics will be followed by a discussion of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, shear stress, endothelial cell senescence, and tissue ischemia dysregulate coronary endothelial homeostasis and arteriolar vasomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Sabe
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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10
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Jang D, Jeong H, Kim CE, Leem J. A System-Level Mechanism of Anmyungambi Decoction for Obesity: A Network Pharmacological Approach. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121881. [PMID: 34944525 PMCID: PMC8699029 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade systemic inflammatory disease involving adipocytokines. As though Anmyungambi decoction (AMGB) showed significant improvement on obesity in a clinical trial, the molecular mechanism of AMGB in obesity remains unknown. Therefore, we explored the potential mechanisms of action of AMGB on obesity through network pharmacological approaches. We revealed that targets of AMGB are significantly associated with obesity-related and adipocyte-elevated genes. Evodiamine, berberine, genipin, palmitic acid, genistein, and quercetin were shown to regulate adipocytokine signaling pathway proteins which mainly involved tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, leptin receptor. In terms of the regulatory pathway of lipolysis in adipocytes, norephedrine, pseudoephedrine, quercetin, and limonin were shown to affect adrenergic receptor-beta, protein kinase A, etc. We also found that AMGB has the potentials to enhance the insulin signaling pathway thereby preventing type II diabetes mellitus. Additionally, AMGB was discovered to be able to control not only insulin-related proteins but also inflammatory mediators and apoptotic regulators and caspases, hence reducing hepatocyte injury in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Our findings help develop a better understanding of how AMGB controls obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Jang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13121, Korea; (D.J.); (H.J.)
| | - Hayeong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13121, Korea; (D.J.); (H.J.)
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13121, Korea; (D.J.); (H.J.)
- Correspondence: (C.-E.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5493 (C.-E.K.); +82-63-850-6984 (J.L.)
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Sin-dong, Iksan 54538, Korea
- Correspondence: (C.-E.K.); (J.L.); Tel.: +82-31-750-5493 (C.-E.K.); +82-63-850-6984 (J.L.)
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11
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Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Vojnović Milutinović D, Gligorovska L, Bursać B, Elaković I, Djordjevic A. Fructose Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Even Without Development of Obesity in Adult Female but Not in Male Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:749328. [PMID: 34869524 PMCID: PMC8632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.749328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are frequently related to modern lifestyle and are characterized by excessive fructose intake. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome. Since sex-related differences in susceptibility and progression of metabolic disorders are not yet fully understood, our aim was to examine inflammation and insulin signaling in VAT of fructose-fed female and male adult rats. Methods: We analyzed effects of 9-week 10% fructose-enriched diet on energy intake, VAT mass and histology, and systemic insulin sensitivity. VAT insulin signaling and markers of VAT inflammation, and antioxidative defense status were also evaluated. Results: The fructose diet had no effect on VAT mass and systemic insulin signaling in the female and male rats, while it raised plasma uric acid, increased PPARγ level in the VAT, and initiated the development of a distinctive population of small adipocytes in the females. Also, adipose tissue insulin resistance, evidenced by increased PTP1B and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) inhibitory phosphorylation and decreased Akt activity, was detected. In addition, fructose stimulated the nuclear accumulation of NFκB, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and protein level of macrophage marker F4/80, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione reductase. In contrast to the females, the fructose diet had no effect on plasma uric acid and VAT inflammation in the male rats, but less prominent alterations in VAT insulin signaling were observed. Conclusion: Even though dietary fructose did not elicit changes in energy intake and led to obesity in the females, it initiated the proliferation of small-sized adipocytes capable of storing fats further. In contrast to the males, this state of VAT was accompanied with enhanced inflammation, which most likely contributed to the development of insulin resistance. The observed distinction could possibly originate from sex-related differences in uric acid metabolism. Our results suggest that VAT inflammation could precede obesity and start even before the measurable increase in VAT mass, making it a silent risk factor for the development of T2D. Our results emphasize that adipose tissue dysfunction, rather than its simple enlargement, could significantly contribute to the onset and development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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12
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Hu F, Lu F, Huang X, Cheng X. Relationship Between Plasma Total Homocysteine Levels and Mean Corrected TIMI Frame Count in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:8161-8172. [PMID: 34815690 PMCID: PMC8604641 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s338938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the relationship between the plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels and slow coronary flow (SCF) measured by mean corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods Ninety-one patients with primary myocardial infarction were enrolled in this study. The quantitative measurement of coronary blood flow was performed using the mean CTFC method. Plasma tHcy levels were determined using enzymatic assay from venous blood samples. Multivariable linear regression models indicated were used to estimate the effect size (β) of plasma tHcy levels on mean CTFC levels. Results Compared with patients with the mean CTFC ≤23.61 frames per second (FPS) group, there were increased plasma tHcy levels in patients of the second, third and highest mean CTFC quartiles (P < 0.001). Linear regression models indicated that plasma tHcy levels were positively associated with mean CTFC levels (adjusted-β per SD increase: 1.96, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.73, P < 0.001). Compared to the tHcy ≤12.30 μmol/L group, the third and highest tHcy-quartile groups had higher mean CTFC levels (adjusted-β: 2.52, 95% CI 0.39 to 4.65, P = 0.023; adjusted-β: 5.07, 95% CI 2.98 to 7.16, P < 0.001, respectively; P for trend <0.001). Moreover, this positive relationship was modified by diabetes mellitus (P-value for interaction was 0.046). Conclusion We found a positive relationship between plasma tHcy levels and mean CTFC levels in patients with AMI. Moreover, diabetes mellitus played an interactive role in this positive association between the plasma tHcy levels and mean CTFC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- The Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Huang
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Cheng
- The Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
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13
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Uryash A, Mijares A, Flores V, Adams JA, Lopez JR. Effects of Naringin on Cardiomyocytes From a Rodent Model of Type 2 Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:719268. [PMID: 34497520 PMCID: PMC8419284 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.719268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a primary disease in diabetic patients characterized by diastolic dysfunction leading to heart failure and death. Unfortunately, even tight glycemic control has not been effective in its prevention. We have found aberrant diastolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]d), decreased glucose transport, elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased calpain activity in cardiomyocytes from a murine model (db/db) of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Cardiomyocytes from these mice demonstrate significant cell injury, increased levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 and expression of the transcription nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Furthermore, decreased cell viability, and reduced expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Treatment of T2D mice with the citrus fruit flavonoid naringin for 4 weeks protected cardiomyocytes by reducing diastolic Ca2+ overload, improving glucose transport, lowering reactive oxygen species production, and suppressed myocardial inflammation. In addition, naringin reduced calpain activity, decreased cardiac injury, increased cell viability, and restored the protein expression of Kir6.2, SUR1, and SUR2 subunits of the KATP channels. Administration of the KATP channel inhibitor glibenclamide caused a further increase in [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocytes and abolished the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d. Nicorandil, a KATP channel opener, and nitric oxide donor drug mimic the naringin effect on [Ca2+]d in T2D cardiomyocyte; however, it aggravated the hyperglycemia in T2D mice. These data add new insights into the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of naringin in T2D cardiomyopathy, thus suggesting a novel approach to treating this cardiovascular complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Uryash
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - A. Mijares
- Centro de Biofísica y Bioquímica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - V. Flores
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - J. A. Adams
- Department of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
| | - J. R. Lopez
- Department of Research, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami, FL, United States
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14
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Diabetes and Alzheimer's Disease: Might Mitochondrial Dysfunction Help Deciphering the Common Path? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081257. [PMID: 34439505 PMCID: PMC8389322 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of clinical and epidemiological studies support the hypothesis of a tight correlation between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the development risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indeed, the proposed definition of Alzheimer's disease as type 3 diabetes (T3D) underlines the key role played by deranged insulin signaling to accumulation of aggregated amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides in the senile plaques of the brain. Metabolic disturbances such as hyperglycemia, peripheral hyperinsulinemia, dysregulated lipid metabolism, and chronic inflammation associated with T2DM are responsible for an inefficient transport of insulin to the brain, producing a neuronal insulin resistance that triggers an enhanced production and deposition of Aβ and concomitantly contributes to impairment in the micro-tubule-associated protein Tau, leading to neural degeneration and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the reduced antioxidant capacity observed in T2DM patients, together with the impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism and the decreased performance of mitochondrial activity, suggests the existence of a relationship between oxidative damage, mitochondrial impairment, and cognitive dysfunction that could further reinforce the common pathophysiology of T2DM and AD. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which insulin-signaling dysregulation in T2DM can contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of AD, deepening the analysis of complex mechanisms involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production under oxidative stress and their possible influence in AD and T2DM. In addition, the role of current therapies as tools for prevention or treatment of damage induced by oxidative stress in T2DM and AD will be debated.
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15
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Rizor A, Pajarillo E, Nyarko-Danquah I, Digman A, Mooneyham L, Son DS, Aschner M, Lee E. Manganese-induced reactive oxygen species activate IκB kinase to upregulate YY1 and impair glutamate transporter EAAT2 function in human astrocytes in vitro. Neurotoxicology 2021; 86:94-103. [PMID: 34310962 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the astrocytic glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2) is associated with several neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and manganism, the latter induced by chronic exposure to high levels of manganese (Mn). Mechanisms of Mn-induced neurotoxicity include impairment of EAAT2 function secondary to the activation of the transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) by nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). However, the upstream mechanisms by which Mn-induced NF-κB activates YY1 remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we used the H4 human astrocyte cell line to test if Mn activates YY1 through the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway, leading to EAAT2 repression. The results demonstrate that Mn exposure induced phosphorylation of the upstream kinase IκB kinase (IKK-β), leading to NF-κB p65 translocation, increased YY1 promoter activity, mRNA/protein levels, and consequently repressed EAAT2. Results also demonstrated that Mn-induced oxidative stress and subsequent TNF-α production were upstream of IKK-β activation, as antioxidants attenuated Mn-induced TNF-α production and IKK-β activation. Moreover, TNF-α inhibition attenuated the Mn-induced activation of IKK-β and YY1. Taken together, Mn-induced oxidative stress and TNF-α mediates activation of NF-κB signaling and YY1 upregulation, leading to repression of EAAT2. Thus, targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS), TNF-α and IKK-β may attenuate Mn-induced YY1 activation and consequent EAAT2 repression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Rizor
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Edward Pajarillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Ivan Nyarko-Danquah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Alexis Digman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Leyah Mooneyham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA
| | - Deok-Soo Son
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Bronx, New York, NY, 10461, USA; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eunsook Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, 32301, USA.
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16
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The Mystery of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: From Early Concepts and Underlying Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Possibilities. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115973. [PMID: 34205870 PMCID: PMC8198766 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients are predisposed to diabetic cardiomyopathy, a specific form of cardiomyopathy which is characterized by the development of myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and apoptosis that develops independently of concomitant macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial and poorly understood and no specific therapeutic guideline has yet been established. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a challenging diagnosis, made after excluding other potential entities, treated with different pharmacotherapeutic agents targeting various pathophysiological pathways that need yet to be unraveled. It has great clinical importance as diabetes is a disease with pandemic proportions. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms contributing to this entity, diagnostic options, as well as on potential therapeutic interventions taking in consideration their clinical feasibility and limitations in everyday practice. Besides conventional therapies, we discuss novel therapeutic possibilities that have not yet been translated into clinical practice.
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Jiang LR, Qin Y, Nong JL, An H. Network pharmacology analysis of pharmacological mechanisms underlying the anti-type 2 diabetes mellitus effect of guava leaf. ARAB J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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18
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Xu M, Zheng J, Xu Y, Chen G, Guo Q, Tian W, Guo W. The Dual Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Mandibular Alveolar Bone Formation in SOD1 Knockout Mice: Promotion or Inhibition. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:8847140. [PMID: 33613826 PMCID: PMC7878083 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8847140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The status of reactive oxygen species (ROS) correlates closely with the normal development of the oral and maxillofacial tissues. Oxidative stress caused by ROS accumulation not only affects the development of enamel and dentin but also causes pathological changes in periodontal tissues (periodontal ligament and alveolar bone) that surround the root of the tooth. Although previous studies have shown that ROS accumulation plays a pathologic role in some oral and maxillofacial tissues, the effects of ROS on alveolar bone development remain unclear. In this study, we focused on mandibular alveolar bone development of mice deficient in superoxide dismutase1 (SOD1). Analyses were performed using microcomputerized tomography (micro-CT), TRAP staining, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found for the first time that slightly higher ROS in mandibular alveolar bone of SOD1(-/-) mice at early ages (2-4 months) caused a distinct enlargement in bone size and increased bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), and expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteopontin (OPN). With ROS accumulation to oxidative stress level, increased trabecular bone separation (Tb.Sp) and decreased expression of ALP, Runx2, and OPN were found in SOD1(-/-) mice at 6 months. Additionally, dosing with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) effectively mitigated bone loss and normalized expression of ALP, Runx2, and OPN. These results indicate that redox imbalance caused by SOD1 deficiency has dual effects (promotion or inhibition) on mandibular alveolar bone development, which is closely related to the concentration of ROS and the stage of growth. We present a valuable model here for investigating the effects of ROS on mandibular alveolar bone formation and highlight important roles of ROS in regulating tissue development and pathological states, illustrating the complexity of the redox signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuzhi Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingxue Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingwen Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuchan Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guoqing Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihua Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine, Ministry of Education, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Chen YM, Zhu Q, Cai J, Zhao ZJ, Yao BB, Zhou LM, Ji LD, Xu J. Upregulation of T Cell Receptor Signaling Pathway Components in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Joint Analysis of mRNA and circRNA Expression Profiles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:774608. [PMID: 35046894 PMCID: PMC8763273 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.774608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy, and its pathogenesis is still unclear. Studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) can regulate blood glucose levels by targeting mRNAs, but the role of circRNAs in GDM is still unknown. Therefore, a joint microarray analysis of circRNAs and their target mRNAs in GDM patients and healthy pregnant women was carried out. METHODS In this study, microarray analyses of mRNA and circRNA in 6 GDM patients and 6 healthy controls were conducted to identify the differentially expressed mRNA and circRNA in GDM patients, and some of the discovered mRNAs and circRNAs were further validated in additional 56 samples by quantitative realtime PCR (qRT-PCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). RESULTS Gene ontology and pathway analyses showed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in T cell immune-related pathways. Cross matching of the differentially expressed mRNAs and circRNAs in the top 10 KEGG pathways identified 4 genes (CBLB, ITPR3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1) and 4 corresponding circRNAs (circ-CBLB, circ-ITPR3, circ-NFKBIA, and circ-ICAM1), and these candidates were subsequently verified in larger samples. These differentially expressed circRNAs and their linear transcript mRNAs were all related to the T cell receptor signaling pathway, and PCR results confirmed the initial microarray results. Moreover, circRNA/miRNA/mRNA interactions and circRNA-binding proteins were predicted, and circ-CBLB, circ-ITPR3, and circ-ICAM1 may serve as GDM-related miRNA sponges and regulate the expression of CBLB, ITPR3, NFKBIA, and ICAM1 in cellular immune pathways. CONCLUSION Upregulation of T cell receptor signaling pathway components may represent the major pathological mechanism underlying GDM, thus providing a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-ming Chen
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiong Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhi-jia Zhao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Bin-bin Yao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Li-ming Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Ningbo Women and Children’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Lin-dan Ji
- Department of Science and Education, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-dan Ji, ; Jin Xu,
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Lin-dan Ji, ; Jin Xu,
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Gupta P, Taiyab A, Hassan MI. Emerging role of protein kinases in diabetes mellitus: From mechanism to therapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 124:47-85. [PMID: 33632470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a severe burden on the medical health system across the globe. Presently, around 422 million people are suffering from diabetes which is speculated to be expanded to about 600 million by 2035. Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing detrimental metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The scientific understanding of this chronic disease and its underlying root cause is not yet fully unraveled. Protein kinases are well known to regulate almost every cellular process through phosphorylation of target protein in diverse signaling pathways. The important role of several protein kinases including AMP-activated protein kinase, IκB kinase and protein kinase C have been well demonstrated in various animal models. They modulate glucose tolerance, inflammation and insulin resistance in the cells via acting on diverse downstream targets and signaling pathways. Thus, modulating the activity of potential human kinases which are significantly involved in diabetes by targeting with small molecule inhibitors could be an attractive therapeutic strategy to tackle diabetes. In this chapter, we have discussed the potential role of protein kinases in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the small molecules reported in the literature that can be potentially used for the treatment of diabetes have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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21
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Diet, Microbioma, and Diabetes in Aging. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-020-00339-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Ribeiro SML, Fernandez SSM, Rogero MM. Nutrition and Diabetes in the Context of Inflammaging. CURRENT GERIATRICS REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13670-020-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Circulating expression of Hsa_circRNA_102893 contributes to early gestational diabetes mellitus detection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19046. [PMID: 33149201 PMCID: PMC7642424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to a poor availability of reliable biomarkers, detecting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in early pregnancy remains a challenge. Novel biomarkers like Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may be a promising diagnostic tool. The aim of this study was (a) to identify circRNAs deregulated in GDM and (b) evaluate the potential of circRNAs in detecting GDM. The circRNAs expression profiling in 6 paired women (with and without GDM) was measured by microarray. The levels of five most relevant circRNAs were validated in 12 paired participants by qRT-PCR. To verify the reproducibility of qRT-PCR, significantly differential expressed circRNA levels were confirmed in 18 paired participants. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value. The areas under ROC curves of hsa_circRNA_102893 were 0.806 (95% CI 0.594–0.937) and 0.741 (0.568–0.872) in training set and test set, respectively. Circulating circRNAs reflect the presence of GDM. Hsa_circRNA_102893 may be a potential novel and stable noninvasive biomarker for detecting GDM in early pregnancy.
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Radwan E, Bakr MH, Taha S, Sayed SA, Farrag AA, Ali M. Inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress ameliorates cardiovascular injury in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 143:15-25. [PMID: 32311415 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic (Met) syndrome is characterized by hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia with high risk of cardiovascular disease. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a key contributor in the pathogenesis of Met syndrome. The current study investigates the effect of Tauroursodeoxycholate (TUDCA), an ER stress inhibitor, on Met syndrome-induced cardiovascular complications and the possible underlying signalling mechanisms. Met syndrome was induced in rats, which were then treated with TUDCA. Body weight, blood pressure, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance tests were performed. ER stress, survival and oxidative stress markers were measured in heart and aorta tissue. The results showed that TUDCA improved metabolic parameters in rats with Met syndrome. Treatment mitigated the Met syndrome-induced cardiovascular complications through upregulating survival markers and downregulating ER and oxidative stress markers. These results highlight the protective effect of ER stress inhibition as a potential target in the management of cardiovascular complications associated with Met syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Radwan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa H Bakr
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Salma Taha
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sally A Sayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Alshaimaa A Farrag
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Maha Ali
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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Subedi L, Lee SE, Madiha S, Gaire BP, Jin M, Yumnam S, Kim SY. Phytochemicals against TNFα-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030764. [PMID: 31991572 PMCID: PMC7037901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine responsible for the modulation of the immune system. TNF-α plays a critical role in almost every type of inflammatory disorder, including central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Although TNF-α is a well-studied component of inflammatory responses, its functioning in diverse cell types is still unclear. TNF-α functions through its two main receptors: tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2), also known as p55 and p75, respectively. Normally, the functions of soluble TNF-α-induced TNFR1 activation are reported to be pro-inflammatory and apoptotic. While TNF-α mediated TNFR2 activation has a dual role. Several synthetic drugs used as inhibitors of TNF-α for diverse inflammatory diseases possess serious adverse effects, which make patients and researchers turn their focus toward natural medicines, phytochemicals in particular. Phytochemicals targeting TNF-α can significantly improve disease conditions involving TNF-α with fewer side effects. Here, we reviewed known TNF-α inhibitors, as well as lately studied phytochemicals, with a role in inhibiting TNF-α itself, and TNF-α-mediated signaling in inflammatory diseases focusing mainly on CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subedi
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
| | - Si Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
| | - Syeda Madiha
- Neurochemistry and Biochemical Neuropharmacology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi-75270, Pakistan;
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
| | - Mirim Jin
- College of Medicine and Department of Health Science and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University #155, Gaebeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Silvia Yumnam
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4931 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.); Fax: +82-32-820-4932 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.)
| | - Sun Yeou Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, #191, Hambakmoero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (L.S.); (S.E.L.); (B.P.G.)
- Correspondence: (S.Y.); (S.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-32-820-4931 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.); Fax: +82-32-820-4932 (S.Y. & S.Y.K.)
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Cha HN, Park S, Dan Y, Kim JR, Park SY. Peroxiredoxin2 Deficiency Aggravates Aging-Induced Insulin Resistance and Declines Muscle Strength. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:147-154. [PMID: 29733327 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the role of peroxiredoxin2 (Prx2) in aging-induced insulin resistance and reduction in skeletal muscle function in young (2-month-old) and old (24-month-old) Prx2 knockout (KO) and wild-type mice. Plasma insulin levels increased with aging in Prx2 KO mice but not in wild-type mice. Insulin sensitivity in the whole-body and skeletal muscle as assessed with the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was lower in Prx2 KO mice than in wild-type mice in the old group but was not significantly different between the two genotypes in the young group. Insulin-induced activation of intracellular signaling molecules was also suppressed in old Prx2 KO mice compared to their wild-type littermates. Oxidative stress, inflammation, and p53 expression levels in skeletal muscle were higher in Prx2 KO mice than in wild-type mice in the old group but were not different between the two genotypes in the young group. p53 expression was negatively correlated with skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity in old mice. Skeletal muscle mass was similar between the two genotypes but grip strength was reduced in old Prx2 KO mice compared to old wild-type mice. These results suggest that Prx2 plays a protective role in aging-induced insulin resistance and declines in muscle strength by suppressing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Na Cha
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soyoung Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yongwook Dan
- Weinberg College of Art and Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jae-Ryong Kim
- Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea.,Smart-Aging Convergence Research Center, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Korea
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Plant Extracts and Reactive Oxygen Species as Two Counteracting Agents with Anti- and Pro-Obesity Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184556. [PMID: 31540021 PMCID: PMC6770307 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disease of great public health significance worldwide: It entails several complications including diabetes mellitus type 2, cardiovascular dysfunction and hypertension, and its prevalence is increasing around the world. The pathogenesis of obesity is closely related to reactive oxygen species. The role of reactive oxygen species as regulatory factors in mitochondrial activity in obese subjects, molecules taking part in inflammation processes linked to excessive size and number of adipocytes, and as agents governing the energy balance in hypothalamus neurons has been examined. Phytotherapy is the traditional form of treating health problems using plant-derived medications. Some plant extracts are known to act as anti-obesity agents and have been screened in in vitro models based on the inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and activity of pancreatic lipase methods and in in vivo high-fat diet-induced obesity rat/mouse models and human models. Plant products may be a good natural alternative for weight management and a source of numerous biologically-active chemicals, including antioxidant polyphenols that can counteract the oxidative stress associated with obesity. This review presents polyphenols as natural complementary therapy, and a good nutritional strategy, for treating obesity without serious side effects.
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Abstract
Heart failure and related morbidity and mortality are increasing at an alarming rate, in large part, because of increases in aging, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. The clinical outcomes associated with heart failure are considerably worse for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without diabetes mellitus. In people with diabetes mellitus, the presence of myocardial dysfunction in the absence of overt clinical coronary artery disease, valvular disease, and other conventional cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, has led to the descriptive terminology, diabetic cardiomyopathy. The prevalence of diabetic cardiomyopathy is increasing in parallel with the increase in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is initially characterized by myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling, and associated diastolic dysfunction, later by systolic dysfunction, and eventually by clinical heart failure. Impaired cardiac insulin metabolic signaling, mitochondrial dysfunction, increases in oxidative stress, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, elevations in advanced glycation end products and collagen-based cardiomyocyte and extracellular matrix stiffness, impaired mitochondrial and cardiomyocyte calcium handling, inflammation, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, microvascular dysfunction, and a myriad of cardiac metabolic abnormalities have all been implicated in the development and progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Molecular mechanisms linked to the underlying pathophysiological changes include abnormalities in AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, O-linked N-acetylglucosamine, protein kinase C, microRNA, and exosome pathways. The aim of this review is to provide a contemporary view of these instigators of diabetic cardiomyopathy, as well as mechanistically based strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.)
| | - James R Sowers
- From the Diabetes and Cardiovascular Research Center (G.J., J.R.S.) and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology (M.A.H., J.R.S.), University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia; Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia (M.A.H., J.R.S.); and Research Service, Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO (G.J., J.R.S.).
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Ferreira LSS, Fernandes CS, Vieira MNN, De Felice FG. Insulin Resistance in Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:830. [PMID: 30542257 PMCID: PMC6277874 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidemiological connection between diabetes, obesity, and dementia represents an important public health challenge but also an opportunity to further understand these conditions. The key intersection among the three diseases is insulin resistance, which has been classically described to occur in peripheral tissues in diabetes and obesity and has recently been shown to develop in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. Here we review encouraging preclinical and clinical data indicating the potential of targeting impaired insulin signaling with antidiabetic drugs to treat dementia. We further discuss biological mechanisms through which peripheral metabolic dysregulation may lead to brain malfunction, providing possible explanations for the connection between diabetes, obesity, and AD. Finally, we briefly discuss how lifelong allostatic load may interact with aging to increase the risk of dementia in late life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laís S. S. Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline S. Fernandes
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo N. N. Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda G. De Felice
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Sun XQ, Abbate A, Bogaard HJ. Role of cardiac inflammation in right ventricular failure. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1441-1452. [PMID: 28957536 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Right ventricular failure (RVF) is the main determinant of mortality in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Although the exact pathophysiology underlying RVF remains unclear, inflammation may play an important role, as it does in left heart failure. Perivascular pulmonary artery and systemic inflammation is relatively well studied and known to contribute to the initiation and maintenance of the pulmonary vascular insult in PAH. However, less attention has been paid to the role of cardiac inflammation in RVF and PAH. Consistent with many other types of heart failure, cardiac inflammation, triggered by systemic and local stressors, has been shown in RVF patients as well as in RVF animal models. RV inflammation likely contributes to impaired RV contractility, maladaptive remodelling and a vicious circle between RV and pulmonary vascular injury. Although the potential to improve RV function through anti-inflammatory therapy has not been tested, this approach has been applied clinically in left ventricular failure patients, with variable success. Because inflammation plays a dual role in the development of both pulmonary vascular pathology and RVF, anti-inflammatory therapies may have a potential double benefit in patients with PAH and associated RVF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qing Sun
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Harm-Jan Bogaard
- Department of Pulmonology, VU University Medical Center/Institute for Cardiovascular Research, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Qu W, Han C, Li M, Zhang J, Jiang Z. Anti-TNF-α antibody alleviates insulin resistance in rats with sepsis-induced stress hyperglycemia. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:455-463. [PMID: 29030784 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0742-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effects and mechanisms of anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antibody on insulin resistance (IR) in rats with sepsis-induced stress hyperglycemia. METHODS The sepsis-induced stress hyperglycemic rat model was constructed by cecal ligation and puncture combined with the intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: normal control (NC) group, surgical rats (Cntl) group, high-dose anti-TNF-α antibody therapy (TNF, 6 mg/kg) group, low-dose anti-TNF-α antibody therapy (Tnf, 3 mg/kg) group, insulin therapy (INS) group, and INS + Tnf group. The blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations were detected, followed by analysis of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Finally, the expression levels of phospho-Akt (p-Akt), Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, nuclear factor-κB (NFκB), I kappa beta kinase (IKKβ), and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-3) were detected by western blotting. RESULTS There was no significant difference in blood glucose concentrations among these groups, while the serum insulin concentration in TNF and Tnf groups was lower than that in the Cntl group at postoperative 6 h (P < 0.05). IPGTT analysis revealed that blood glucose level was lower in the TNF group than that in the Cntl group (P < 0.05). The glucose infusion rate in the Cntl group was lower than that in the Tnf and TNF groups (P < 0.05). The p-Akt/Akt, p-mTOR/mTOR ratio, and expression levels of NFκB, IKKβ and SOCS-3 were lower in the drug intervention than that in the Cntl group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Anti-TNF-α antibody could reduce IR by inhibiting AKt/mTOR signaling pathway and the expression levels of NFκB, IKKβ, and SOCS-3 in rats with sepsis-induced stress hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Military General Hospital, No. 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - C Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Military General Hospital, No. 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - M Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Military General Hospital, No. 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China
| | - J Zhang
- Department of Cadres Healthcare, Jinan Military General Hospital, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China.
| | - Z Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Military General Hospital, No. 25 Shifan Road, Jinan, 250031, Shandong, China.
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DiK B, Bahcivan E, Eser Faki H, Uney K. Combined treatment with interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha antagonists improve type 2 diabetes in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 96:751-756. [PMID: 29558631 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, combined treatment with etanercept and anakinra were tested in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Forty male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups: healthy control (HC), diabetic control (DC), diabetic + anakinra (DAT), diabetic + etanercept (DET), and diabetic + etanercept + anakinra (DEAT). HC and DC groups received subcutaneous (s.c.) injection with a saline solution, while DAT and DET groups received anakinra (10 mg/kg per day, s.c.) or etanercept (10 mg/kg, twice a week, s.c.), and DEAT rats received both anakinra and etanercept treatments for 21 days after diabetes has developed. Anakinra and etanercept treatments significantly increased insulin and homeostatic model assessment β-cell function levels and decreased glucose levels compared to the DC group as single (DAT and DET) and combined treatments (DEAT). The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level was significantly decreased in DAT group. The combine use of etanercept and anakinra can improve insulin and blood glucose in type 2 diabetic rats. The combined treatment of anakinra and etanercept together was more effective than single treatment and might have a potential new treatment strategy and to reduce the mortality and morbidity resulting from diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burak DiK
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
| | - Emre Bahcivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
| | - Hatice Eser Faki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
| | - Kamil Uney
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey, 42130
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Crow JA, Meek EC, Wills RW, Chambers JE. A case-control study: The association of serum paraoxonase 1 activity and concentration with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34. [PMID: 29156090 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A longitudinal study assessed serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activity and concentration as affected by age and as associated with the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). PON1's recently established physiological function is the hydrolysis of lipolactones in oxidized LDL particles. METHODS Serum samples and clinical data collected and stored at different time points over a 20-year interval in the Air Force Health Study were analysed. PON1 activity and concentration and C-reactive protein concentration in samples from the same individuals 20 years apart were compared using a paired t test (n = 159). A case-control study design and multivariable logistic regression analysis assessed the association of PON1's activity and concentration with the subsequent development of T2D (n = 222 and α = 0.10). RESULTS No difference with age was found in PON1 activity assessed using 3 substrates, paraoxon (P = 0.897), phenyl acetate (P = 0.994), and dihydrocoumarin (P = 0.505), or PON1 serum concentration (P = 0.357). C-reactive protein concentration increased 0.7 mg/L (P = 0.004) over the 20-year interval. Lower PON1 activity assayed with phenyl acetate (P = 0.015, OR = 1.25 per 1000 U/L decrease) was associated with an increased risk of developing T2D as was a lower PON1 serum concentration (P = 0.004, OR = 1.72 per 2 μmol/L decrease). PON1 activity assayed with paraoxon (P = 0.681) or dihydrocoumarin (P = 0.136) was not associated with the development of T2D. CONCLUSIONS Lower PON1 activity and concentration were associated with an increased risk of developing T2D when adjusted for many of the common risk markers for T2D previously identified. Thus, PON1 may have merit as a biomarker for the development of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Allen Crow
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Edward C Meek
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Robert W Wills
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
| | - Janice E Chambers
- Department of Basic Sciences, Center for Environmental Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, USA
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Kibel A, Selthofer-Relatic K, Drenjancevic I, Bacun T, Bosnjak I, Kibel D, Gros M. Coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1901-1929. [PMID: 28643578 PMCID: PMC5805190 DOI: 10.1177/0300060516675504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The significance, mechanisms and consequences of coronary microvascular dysfunction associated with diabetes mellitus are topics into which we have insufficient insight at this time. It is widely recognized that endothelial dysfunction that is caused by diabetes in various vascular beds contributes to a wide range of complications and exerts unfavorable effects on microcirculatory regulation. The coronary microcirculation is precisely regulated through a number of interconnected physiological processes with the purpose of matching local blood flow to myocardial metabolic demands. Dysregulation of this network might contribute to varying degrees of pathological consequences. This review discusses the most important findings regarding coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetes from pre-clinical and clinical perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kibel
- Department for Heart and Vascular
Diseases, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek,
Croatia
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Kristina Selthofer-Relatic
- Department for Heart and Vascular
Diseases, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek,
Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ines Drenjancevic
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tatjana Bacun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty
of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinic of
Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ivica Bosnjak
- Department for Heart and Vascular
Diseases, Clinic of Internal Medicine, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek,
Croatia
| | - Dijana Kibel
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Mario Gros
- Department of Physiology and Immunology,
Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Croatia
- Department of Diagnostic and
Interventional Radiology, Osijek University Hospital, Osijek, Croatia
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Lee J, Lee S, Zhang H, Hill MA, Zhang C, Park Y. Interaction of IL-6 and TNF-α contributes to endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mouse hearts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187189. [PMID: 29095915 PMCID: PMC5667841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), are individually considered as important contributors to endothelial dysfunction in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, their interactions in coronary arteriole endothelial dysfunction are uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of TNF-α and IL-6 interactions on coronary endothelial dysfunction in experimental T2D. METHODS The studies used wild type (WT), diabetic mice (db/db), db/db null for TNF (dbTNF-/dbTNF-), and db/db mice treated with neutralizing antibody to IL-6 (anti-IL-6). Endothelium-dependent (acetylcholine [ACh], or luminal flow-induced shear stress) and endothelium-independent (sodium nitroprusside [SNP]) vasodilation of isolated and pressurized coronary arterioles were determined. Quantitative PCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining were utilized for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Relative to WT, arteriolar dilation to both ACh and flow was attenuated in db/db mice and dbTNF-/dbTNF-. Treatment of dbTNF-/dbTNF- and db/db mice with anti-IL-6 improved arteriolar dilation compared to db/db mice. Immunofluorescence staining illustrated localization of IL-6 within the endothelial cells of coronary arterioles. In db/db mice, mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and superoxide (O2-) production were higher, but reduced by anti-IL-6 treatment. Also, in db/db mice, mRNA and protein expression of TNF-α suppressed by the anti-IL-6 treatment and the reduced expression of mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 by the genetic deletion of TNF-α both supported a reciprocal regulation between TNF-α and IL-6. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression and phosphorylation of eNOS (p-eNOS/eNOS) were lower in db/db mice coronary arterioles and were restored in db/db+Anti-IL-6 and dbTNF-/dbTNF- mice. CONCLUSION The interactions between TNF-α and IL-6 exacerbate oxidative stress and reduce phosphorylation of eNOS, thereby contributing to coronary endothelial dysfunction in T2D mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghae Lee
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sewon Lee
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical Pharmacology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Sport Science and Sport Science Institute, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical Pharmacology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Hill
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical Pharmacology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cuihua Zhang
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Medical Pharmacology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yoonjung Park
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tanshinone I alleviates insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats through IRS-1 pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Cardiovascular Disease and Exercise. Int J Vasc Med 2017; 2017:2049217. [PMID: 28875043 PMCID: PMC5569752 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2049217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is highly associated with cardiovascular disease, is triggered by a disturbance in ER function because of protein misfolding or an increase in protein secretion. Prolonged disruption of ER causes ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) and leads to various diseases. Eukaryotic cells respond to ER stress via three major sensors that are bound to the ER membrane: activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), inositol-requiring protein 1α (IRE1α), and protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK). Chronic activation of ER stress causes damage in endothelial cells (EC) via apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress signaling pathways. The alleviation of ER stress has recently been accepted as a potential therapeutic target to treat cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Exercise training is an effective nonpharmacological approach for preventing and alleviating cardiovascular disease. We here review the recent viewing of ER stress-mediated apoptosis and inflammation signaling pathways in cardiovascular disease and the role of exercise in ER stress-associated diseases.
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Campos-Peña V, Toral-Rios D, Becerril-Pérez F, Sánchez-Torres C, Delgado-Namorado Y, Torres-Ossorio E, Franco-Bocanegra D, Carvajal K. Metabolic Syndrome as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease: Is Aβ a Crucial Factor in Both Pathologies? Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:542-560. [PMID: 27368351 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recently, chronic degenerative diseases have become one of the main health problems worldwide. That is the case of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), whose expression can be influenced by different risk factors. Recent Advances: In recent decades, it has been widely described that MetS increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. MetS pathogenesis involves several vascular risk factors such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and insulin resistance (I/R). CRITICAL ISSUES Reported evidence shows that vascular risk factors are associated with AD, particularly in the development of protein aggregation, inflammation, oxidative stress, neuronal dysfunction, and disturbances in signaling pathways, with insulin receptor signaling being a common alteration between MetS and AD. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Insulin signaling has been involved in tau phosphorylation and amyloid β (Aβ) metabolism. However, it has also been demonstrated that Aβ oligomers can bind to insulin receptors, triggering their internalization, decreasing neuron responsiveness to insulin, and promoting insulin I/R. Thus, it could be argued that Aβ could be a convergent factor in the development of both pathologies. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 542-560.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danira Toral-Rios
- 2 Departamento de Fisiología Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carmen Sánchez-Torres
- 4 Departamento of Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional , Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Elimar Torres-Ossorio
- 6 Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Karla Carvajal
- 7 Laboratorio de Nutrición Experimental, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría , Mexico City, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Gollasch
- Medical Clinic for Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care, Charité Campus Virchow Klinikum, and Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité – University Medicine Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany;
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Samanta S, Rajasingh S, Cao T, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Epigenetic dysfunctional diseases and therapy for infection and inflammation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1863:518-528. [PMID: 27919711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Even though the discovery of the term 'epigenetics' was in the 1940s, it has recently become one of the most promising and expanding fields to unravel the gene expression pattern in several diseases. The most well studied example is cancer, but other diseases like metabolic disorders, autism, or inflammation-associated diseases such as lung injury, autoimmune disease, asthma, and type-2 diabetes display aberrant gene expression and epigenetic regulation during their occurrence. The change in the epigenetic pattern of a gene may also alter gene function because of a change in the DNA status. Constant environmental pressure, lifestyle, as well as food habits are the other important parameters responsible for transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic traits. Discovery of epigenetic modifiers targeting DNA methylation and histone deacetylation enzymes could be an alternative source to treat or manipulate the pathogenesis of diseases. Particularly, the combination of epigenetic drugs such as 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine (Aza) and trichostatin A (TSA) are well studied to reduce inflammation in an acute lung injury model. It is important to understand the epigenetic machinery and the function of its components in specific diseases to develop targeted epigenetic therapy. Moreover, it is equally critical to know the specific inhibitors other than the widely used pan inhibitors in clinical trials and explore their roles in regulating specific genes in a more defined way during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheli Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Thuy Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Ribe EM, Lovestone S. Insulin signalling in Alzheimer's disease and diabetes: from epidemiology to molecular links. J Intern Med 2016; 280:430-442. [PMID: 27739227 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
As populations across the world both age and become more obese, the numbers of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and diabetes are increasing; posing enormous challenges for society and consequently becoming priorities for governments and global organizations. These issues, an ageing population at risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and an increasingly obese population at risk of metabolic alterations such as type 2 diabetes, are usually considered as independent conditions, but increasing evidence from both epidemiological and molecular studies link these disorders. The aim of this review was to highlight these multifactorial links. We will discuss the impact of direct links between insulin and IGF-1 signalling and the Alzheimer's disease-associated pathological events as well as the impact of other processes such as inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction either common to both conditions or perhaps responsible for a mechanistic link between metabolic and neurodegenerative disease. An understanding of such associations might be of importance not only in the understanding of disease mechanisms but also in the search for novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ribe
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Tikoo K, Sharma E, Amara VR, Pamulapati H, Dhawale VS. Metformin Improves Metabolic Memory in High Fat Diet (HFD)-induced Renal Dysfunction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:21848-21856. [PMID: 27551045 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c116.732990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have shown that high fat diet (HFD) in vivo and in vitro generates metabolic memory by altering H3K36me2 and H3K27me3 on the promoter of FOXO1 (transcription factor of gluconeogenic genes) (Kumar, S., Pamulapati, H., and Tikoo, K. (2016) Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 422, 233-242). Here we checked the hypothesis whether concomitant diet reversal and metformin could overcome HFD-induced metabolic memory and renal damage. Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were rendered insulin-resistant by feeding high fat diet for 16 weeks. Then the rats were subjected to diet reversal alone and along with metformin for 8 weeks. Biochemical and histological markers of insulin resistance and kidney function were measured. Blood pressure and in vivo vascular reactivity to angiotensin II (200 ng kg-1) were also checked. Diet reversal could improve lipid profile but could not prevent renal complications induced by HFD. Interestingly, metformin along with diet reversal restored the levels of blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine. In kidney, metformin increased the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreased inflammatory markers (COX-2 and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase 3). Metformin was effective in lowering elevated basal blood pressure and acute change in mean arterial pressure in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). It also attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis induced by HFD feeding in kidney. Here we report, for the first time, that metformin treatment overcomes metabolic memory and prevents HFD-induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulbhushan Tikoo
- From the Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Ekta Sharma
- From the Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Venkateswara Rao Amara
- From the Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Himani Pamulapati
- From the Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
| | - Vaibhav Shrirang Dhawale
- From the Laboratory of Epigenetics and Diseases, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar (Mohali), Punjab-160062, India
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Doñas C, Carrasco M, Fritz M, Prado C, Tejón G, Osorio-Barrios F, Manríquez V, Reyes P, Pacheco R, Bono MR, Loyola A, Rosemblatt M. The histone demethylase inhibitor GSK-J4 limits inflammation through the induction of a tolerogenic phenotype on DCs. J Autoimmun 2016; 75:105-117. [PMID: 27528513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
As it has been established that demethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 by the lysine-specific demethylase JMJD3 increases immune responses and thus elicits inflammation, we hypothesize that inhibition of JMJD3 may attenuate autoimmune disorders. We found that in vivo administration of GSK-J4, a selective inhibitor of JMJD3 and UTX, ameliorates the severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In vitro experiments revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect of GSK-J4 was exerted through an effect on dendritic cells (DCs), promoting a tolerogenic profile characterized by reduced expression of costimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, an increased expression of tolerogenic molecules CD103 and TGF-β1, and reduced secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF. Adoptive transfer of GSK-J4-treated DCs into EAE mice reduced the clinical manifestation of the disease and decreased the extent of inflammatory CD4+ T cells infiltrating the central nervous system. Notably, Treg generation, stability, and suppressive activity were all exacerbated by GSK-J4-treated DCs without affecting Th1 and Th17 cell production. Our data show that GSK-J4-mediated modulation of inflammation is achieved by a direct effect on DCs and that systemic treatment with GSK-J4 or adoptive transfer of GSK-J4-treated DCs ex vivo may be promising approaches for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Doñas
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Carrasco
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Fritz
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Prado
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Tejón
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Valeria Manríquez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paz Reyes
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Pacheco
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Rosa Bono
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Mario Rosemblatt
- Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Ñuñoa, 7780272, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370146, Santiago, Chile.
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Low Wang CC, Hess CN, Hiatt WR, Goldfine AB. Clinical Update: Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes Mellitus: Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Heart Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Mechanisms, Management, and Clinical Considerations. Circulation 2016; 133:2459-502. [PMID: 27297342 PMCID: PMC4910510 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.022194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 650] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the principal cause of death and disability among patients with diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus exacerbates mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis and heart failure. Unfortunately, these mechanisms are not adequately modulated by therapeutic strategies focusing solely on optimal glycemic control with currently available drugs or approaches. In the setting of multifactorial risk reduction with statins and other lipid-lowering agents, antihypertensive therapies, and antihyperglycemic treatment strategies, cardiovascular complication rates are falling, yet remain higher for patients with diabetes mellitus than for those without. This review considers the mechanisms, history, controversies, new pharmacological agents, and recent evidence for current guidelines for cardiovascular management in the patient with diabetes mellitus to support evidence-based care in the patient with diabetes mellitus and heart disease outside of the acute care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia C Low Wang
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.)
| | - Connie N Hess
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.)
| | - William R Hiatt
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.)
| | - Allison B Goldfine
- From Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.C.L.); CPC Clinical Research, Aurora, CO (C.C.L., C.N.H., W.R.H.); Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.N.H., W.R.H.); Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (A.B.G.).
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Circulating Endocannabinoids and Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9782031. [PMID: 26904688 PMCID: PMC4745295 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9782031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between plasma endocannabinoids and insulin resistance (IR) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods. A population of 64 with OSA and 24 control subjects was recruited. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, lipids, blood glucose and insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), anandamide (AEA), 1/2-arachidonoylglycerol (1/2-AG), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were analyzed. Results. Fasting blood insulin (22.9 ± 7.8 mIU/L versus 18.5 ± 7.2 mIU/L, P < 0.05), HOMA-IR (2.9 ± 1.0 versus 2.4 ± 0.9, P < 0.01), AEA (3.2 ± 0.7 nmol/L versus 2.5 ± 0.6 nmol/L, P < 0.01), and 1/2-AG (40.8 ± 5.7 nmol/L versus 34.3 ± 7.7 nmol/L, P < 0.01) were higher in OSA group than those in control group. In OSA group, AEA, 1/2-AG, and HOMA-IR increase with the OSA severity. The correlation analysis showed significant positive correlation between HOMA-IR and AHI (r = 0.44, P < 0.01), AEA and AHI (r = 0.52, P < 0.01), AEA and HOMA-IR (r = 0.62, P < 0.01), and 1/2-AG and HOMA-IR (r = 0.33, P < 0.01). Further analysis showed that only AEA was significantly correlated with AHI and HOMA-IR after adjusting for confounding factors. Conclusions. The present study indicated that plasma endocannabinoids levels, especially AEA, were associated with IR and AHI in patients with OSA.
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Assar ME, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Diabetes and ageing-induced vascular inflammation. J Physiol 2015; 594:2125-46. [PMID: 26435167 DOI: 10.1113/jp270841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and the ageing process independently increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Since incidence of diabetes increases as people get older, the diabetic older adults represent the largest population of diabetic subjects. This group of patients would potentially be threatened by the development of CVD related to both ageing and diabetes. The relationship between CVD, ageing and diabetes is explained by the negative impact of these conditions on vascular function. Functional and clinical evidence supports the role of vascular inflammation induced by the ageing process and by diabetes in vascular impairment and CVD. Inflammatory mechanisms in both aged and diabetic vasculature include pro-inflammatory cytokines, vascular hyperactivation of nuclear factor-кB, increased expression of cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase, imbalanced expression of pro/anti-inflammatory microRNAs, and dysfunctional stress-response systems (sirtuins, Nrf2). In contrast, there are scarce data regarding the interaction of these mechanisms when ageing and diabetes co-exist and its impact on vascular function. Older diabetic animals and humans display higher vascular impairment and CVD risk than those either aged or diabetic, suggesting that chronic low-grade inflammation in ageing creates a vascular environment favouring the mechanisms of vascular damage driven by diabetes. Further research is needed to determine the specific inflammatory mechanisms responsible for exacerbated vascular impairment in older diabetic subjects in order to design effective therapeutic interventions to minimize the impact of vascular inflammation. This would help to prevent or delay CVD and the specific clinical manifestations (cognitive decline, frailty and disability) promoted by diabetes-induced vascular impairment in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain.,Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Getafe, Spain
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Yang J, Yuan D, Li J, Zheng S, Wang B. miR-186 downregulates protein phosphatase PPM1B in bladder cancer and mediates G1-S phase transition. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:4331-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4117-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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Gao F, Du W, Zafar MI, Shafqat RA, Jian L, Cai Q, Lu F. 4-Hydroxyisoleucine ameliorates an insulin resistant-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by regulating TACE/TIMP3 expression. Drug Des Devel Ther 2015; 9:5727-36. [PMID: 26527864 PMCID: PMC4621195 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s92355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR) is highly correlated with soluble tumor necrosis factor-α (sTNF-α), which is released from transmembranous TNF-α by TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE). In vivo, TACE activity is suppressed by tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3). Agents that can interact with TACE/TIMP3 to improve obesity-related IR would be highly valuable. In the current study, we assessed whether (2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyisoleucine (4-HIL) could modulate TACE/TIMP3 and ameliorate an obesity-induced IR-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS 3T3-L1 adipocytes were incubated in the presence of 25 mM glucose and 0.6 nM insulin to induce an IR-like state, and were then treated with different concentrations of 4-HIL or 10 µM pioglitazone (positive control). The glucose uptake rate was determined using the 2-deoxy-[(3)H]-D-glucose method, and the levels of sTNF-α in the cell supernatant were determined using ELISA. The protein expression of TACE, TIMP3, and insulin signaling-related molecules was measured using western blotting. RESULTS Exposure to high glucose and insulin for 18 hours increased the levels of sTNF-α in the cell supernatant. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) Ser(307) and Akt Ser(473) was increased, whereas the protein expression of IRS-1, Akt, and glucose transporter-4 was decreased. The insulin-induced glucose uptake was reduced by 67% in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which indicated the presence of an IR-like state. The above indexes, which demonstrated the successful induction of an IR-like state, were reversed by 4-HIL in a dose-dependent manner by downregulating and upregulating the protein expression of TACE and TIMP3 proteins, respectively. CONCLUSION 4-HIL improved an obesity-associated IR-like state in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by targeting TACE/TIMP3 and the insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mohammad Ishraq Zafar
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Raja Adeel Shafqat
- Department of Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liumeng Jian
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Furong Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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Imani S, Panahi Y, Salimian J, Fu J, Ghanei M. Epigenetic: A missing paradigm in cellular and molecular pathways of sulfur mustard lung: a prospective and comparative study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:723-36. [PMID: 26557960 PMCID: PMC4633454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM, bis- (2-chloroethyl) sulphide) is a chemical warfare agent that causes DNA alkylation, protein modification and membrane damage. SM can trigger several molecular pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, which cause cell necrosis and apoptosis, and loss of cells integrity and function. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a growing research topic and is addressed by DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs expression. It seems SM can induce the epigenetic modifications that are translated into change in gene expression. Classification of epigenetic modifications long after exposure to SM would clarify its mechanism and paves a better strategy for the treatment of SM-affected patients. In this study, we review the key aberrant epigenetic modifications that have important roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compared with mustard lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Imani
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Yunes Panahi. Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Molla-Sadra Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-88211524; Fax: +98-21-88211524;
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kokil GR, Veedu RN, Ramm GA, Prins JB, Parekh HS. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: limitations of conventional therapies and intervention with nucleic acid-based therapeutics. Chem Rev 2015; 115:4719-43. [PMID: 25918949 DOI: 10.1021/cr5002832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh R Kokil
- †School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- §Center for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia.,∥Western Australian Neuroscience Research Institute, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.,‡School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072 Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- ⊥The Hepatic Fibrosis Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.,#Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- ∇Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia
| | - Harendra S Parekh
- †School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
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