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Aryal A, Harmon AC, Varner KJ, Noël A, Cormier SA, Nde DB, Mottram P, Maxie J, Dugas TR. Inhalation of particulate matter containing environmentally persistent free radicals induces endothelial dysfunction mediated via AhR activation at the air-blood interface. Toxicol Sci 2024; 199:246-260. [PMID: 38310335 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) containing environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFR) is formed by the incomplete combustion of organic wastes, resulting in the chemisorption of pollutants to the surface of PM containing redox-active transition metals. In prior studies in mice, EPFR inhalation impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. These findings were associated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in the alveolar type-II (AT-II) cells that form the air-blood interface in the lung. We thus hypothesized that AhR activation in AT-II cells promotes the systemic release of mediators that promote endothelium dysfunction peripheral to the lung. To test our hypothesis, we knocked down AhR in AT-II cells of male and female mice and exposed them to 280 µg/m3 EPFR lo (2.7e + 16 radicals/g) or EPFR (5.5e + 17 radicals/g) compared with filtered air for 4 h/day for 1 day or 5 days. AT-II-AhR activation-induced EPFR-mediated endothelial dysfunction, reducing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by 59%, and eNOS expression by 50%. It also increased endothelin-1 mRNA levels in the lungs and peptide levels in the plasma in a paracrine fashion, along with soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and iNOS mRNA expression, possibly via NF-kB activation. Finally, AhR-dependent increases in antioxidant response signaling, coupled to increased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine in the lungs of EPFR-exposed littermate control but not AT-II AhR KO mice suggested that ATII-specific AhR activation promotes oxidative and nitrative stress. Thus, AhR activation at the air-blood interface mediates endothelial dysfunction observed peripheral to the lung, potentially via release of systemic mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Aryal
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Ashlyn C Harmon
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Kurt J Varner
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | - Alexandra Noël
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Stephania A Cormier
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University A&M College and Pennington Biomedical Research Institute, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Divine B Nde
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Peter Mottram
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jemiah Maxie
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Tammy R Dugas
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Louisiana State University School of Veterinary Medicine, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
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Belenichev I, Popazova O, Bukhtiyarova N, Savchenko D, Oksenych V, Kamyshnyi O. Modulating Nitric Oxide: Implications for Cytotoxicity and Cytoprotection. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:504. [PMID: 38790609 PMCID: PMC11118938 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant progress in the fields of biology, physiology, molecular medicine, and pharmacology; the designation of the properties of nitrogen monoxide in the regulation of life-supporting functions of the organism; and numerous works devoted to this molecule, there are still many open questions in this field. It is widely accepted that nitric oxide (•NO) is a unique molecule that, despite its extremely simple structure, has a wide range of functions in the body, including the cardiovascular system, the central nervous system (CNS), reproduction, the endocrine system, respiration, digestion, etc. Here, we systematize the properties of •NO, contributing in conditions of physiological norms, as well as in various pathological processes, to the mechanisms of cytoprotection and cytodestruction. Current experimental and clinical studies are contradictory in describing the role of •NO in the pathogenesis of many diseases of the cardiovascular system and CNS. We describe the mechanisms of cytoprotective action of •NO associated with the regulation of the expression of antiapoptotic and chaperone proteins and the regulation of mitochondrial function. The most prominent mechanisms of cytodestruction-the initiation of nitrosative and oxidative stresses, the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, and participation in apoptosis and mitosis. The role of •NO in the formation of endothelial and mitochondrial dysfunction is also considered. Moreover, we focus on the various ways of pharmacological modulation in the nitroxidergic system that allow for a decrease in the cytodestructive mechanisms of •NO and increase cytoprotective ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Belenichev
- Department of Pharmacology and Medical Formulation with Course of Normal Physiology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Olena Popazova
- Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Nina Bukhtiyarova
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 69000 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Savchenko
- Department of Pharmacy and Industrial Drug Technology, Bogomolets National Medical University, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, 46001 Ternopil, Ukraine;
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Luo M, Mo D, Liu L, Li J, Lin J, Liang J, Ye F, Wu X, Li X, Li J, Sheng W. Loss of Gucy1a3 causes poor post-stroke recovery by reducing angiogenesis via the HIF-1α/VEGFA signaling pathway in mice. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2024; 33:107484. [PMID: 38064974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ischemic stroke is a common and debilitating disease that can cause permanent neurological damage. Gucy1a3, which encodes the α1 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase, has been reported to be associated with functional recovery after ischemic stroke. However, the mechanism is still not well understood. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Gucy1a3 on (i) post-stroke recovery; (ii) vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) expression; and (iii) angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wild-type and Gucy1a3 knockout C57BL/6J male mice were respectively used to establish the models of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Neurological deficit scores were evaluated at 24 h and 96 h after pMCAO. Cerebral infarct volume was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. For determining microvessel density, immunohistochemical analysis was performed with CD31. The expression of VEGFA and HIF-1α was detected by western blotting. RESULTS Our results suggest that loss of Gucy1a3 increased the infarct volume and aggravated neurological deficits after pMCAO. In addition, the Gucy1a3 knockout brains exhibited significantly lower microvessel densities and VEGFA and HIF-1α expression levels than the wild-type brains at 96 h post-pMCAO. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that GUCY1A3 might be involved in angiogenesis after ischemic stroke. Further investigation of GUCY1A3 will provide a new therapeutic target for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Luo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dongcan Mo
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - LiuYu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianli Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jing Lin
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jie Liang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoju Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiaoxing Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenli Sheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Roohi TF, Faizan S, Parray ZA, Baig MDAI, Mehdi S, Kinattingal N, Krishna KL. Beyond Glucose: The Dual Assault of Oxidative and ER Stress in Diabetic Disorders. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2023; 30:513-531. [PMID: 38041772 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-023-00611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a prevalent global health concern, is characterized by hyperglycemia. However, recent research reveals a more intricate landscape where oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress orchestrate a dual assault, profoundly impacting diabetic disorders. This review elucidates the interplay between these two stress pathways and their collective consequences on diabetes. Oxidative stress emanates from mitochondria, where reactive oxygen species (ROS) production spirals out of control, leading to cellular damage. We explore ROS-mediated signaling pathways, which trigger β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and endothelial dysfunction the quintessential features of diabetes. Simultaneously, ER stress unravels, unveiling how protein folding disturbances activate the unfolded protein response (UPR). We dissect the UPR's dual role, oscillating between cellular adaptation and apoptosis, significantly influencing pancreatic β-cells and peripheral insulin-sensitive tissues. Crucially, this review exposes the synergy between oxidative and ER stress pathways. ROS-induced UPR activation and ER stress-induced oxidative stress create a detrimental feedback loop, exacerbating diabetic complications. Moreover, we spotlight promising therapeutic strategies that target both stress pathways. Antioxidants, molecular chaperones, and novel pharmacological agents offer potential avenues for diabetes management. As the global diabetes burden escalates, comprehending the dual assault of oxidative and ER stress is paramount. This review not only unveils the intricate molecular mechanisms governing diabetic pathophysiology but also advocates a holistic therapeutic approach. By addressing both stress pathways concurrently, we may forge innovative solutions for diabetic disorders, ultimately alleviating the burden of this pervasive health issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsheel Fatima Roohi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Syed Faizan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Parray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, Hauz Khas Campus, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - M D Awaise Iqbal Baig
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Seema Mehdi
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Nabeel Kinattingal
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - K L Krishna
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka, 570015, India.
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Wang X, Guo Y, Cui T, Zhang T, Hu W, Liu R, Yin C. Telomerase reverse transcriptase restores pancreatic microcirculation profiles and attenuates endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial superoxide production: A potential target for acute pancreatitis therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115576. [PMID: 37776643 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially lethal disease related to prominent microcirculation dysfunction. Pancreatic microvascular endothelial dysfunction enhances oxidative stress with tissue damage. Increased superoxide production disrupts endothelial junction integrity and increases endothelial permeability. Endothelial mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) represent a major intracellular source of superoxide anions. The non-canonical function of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) involves the maintenance of cellular redox homeostasis in somatic tissues. METHODS We investigated whether TERT restores microcirculation dysfunction and attenuates the endothelium injury by inhibiting superoxide production during AP progression. We established TERT transgenic and TERT knock-down mice and used cerulein (CER) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injections to induce AP models. In addition, we exposed HUVECs to LPS following TERT overexpression or silencing to explore the role of TERT in endothelial dysfunction. We also performed flow cytometry and confocal microscopy assays by using HUVECs. And a mtROS inhibitor, MitoTempo, was used to scavenge mitochondria superoxide and alkyl. RESULTS TERT transgenic mice were found to have restored pancreatic microcirculation profiles and microvascular endothelial morphology compared with wild-type mice under cerulein injection. In contrast, TERT silencing displayed the opposite effect in response to cerulein. Subsequently, we showed that TERT overexpression attenuates mtROS production and mitochondrial dysfunction during LPS-stimulated endothelial dysfunction. Furthermore, we found that TERT overexpression maintains the balance between mitochondrial contents and ATP level during endothelial dysfunction. In addition, the protective trend of MitoTempo is impeded after TERT silencing. CONCLUSION TERT restores pancreatic microcirculation dysfunction and attenuates microvascular endothelium lesions by inhibiting the increase of superoxide production and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yinan Guo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyu Cui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Weikai Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruixia Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Chen B, Jin W. A comprehensive review of stroke-related signaling pathways and treatment in western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1200061. [PMID: 37351420 PMCID: PMC10282194 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the complex network of signaling pathways and mechanisms involved in stroke pathophysiology. It summarizes the historical progress of stroke-related signaling pathways, identifying potential interactions between them and emphasizing that stroke is a complex network disease. Of particular interest are the Hippo signaling pathway and ferroptosis signaling pathway, which remain understudied areas of research, and are therefore a focus of the review. The involvement of multiple signaling pathways, including Sonic Hedgehog (SHH), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE), hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and AMPK in pathophysiological mechanisms such as oxidative stress and apoptosis, highlights the complexity of stroke. The review also delves into the details of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapies such as Rehmanniae and Astragalus, providing an analysis of the recent status of western medicine in the treatment of stroke and the advantages and disadvantages of TCM and western medicine in stroke treatment. The review proposes that since stroke is a network disease, TCM has the potential and advantages of a multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism of action in the treatment of stroke. Therefore, it is suggested that future research should explore more treasures of TCM and develop new therapies from the perspective of stroke as a network disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binhao Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Aksu U, Ince C, Baasner S, Hermle J, Lupp C, Heckmann D, Nocken F, Westphal M. Manipulation of Nitric Oxide Levels via a Modified Hydroxyethyl Starch Molecule. J Surg Res 2023; 281:1-12. [PMID: 36095893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the improving effect of nitric oxide (NO) donors has experimentally been demonstrated in shock, there are still no NO donor medications clinically available. Thiol-nitrosothiol-hydroxyethyl starch (S-NO-HES) is a novel molecule consisting of NO coupled to a thiolated derivative of hydroxyethyl starch (HES). It was aimed to assess the ability of S-NO-HES to serve as an NO donor under a variety of in vitro simulated physiologic conditions, which might be the first step to qualify this molecule as a novel type of NO donor-fluid. METHODS We studied the effect of temperature on NO-releasing properties of S-NO-HES in blood, at 34°C, 37°C, and 41°C. Ascorbic acid (Asc) and amylase were also tested in a medium environment. In addition, we evaluated the activity of S-NO-HES in the isolated aortic ring and Langendorff-perfused heart setup. RESULTS The NO release property of S-NO-HES was found at any temperature. Asc led to a significant increase in the production of NO compared to S-NO-HES incubation (P < 0.05). The addition of amylase together with Asc to the medium further increased the release of NO (P < 0.05). S-NO-HES exerted significant vasodilatory effects on phenylephrine precontracted aortic rings that were dose-dependent (P < 0.01). Furthermore, S-NO-HES significantly increased the heart rate and additionally reduced the duration of the cardiac action potential, as indicated by a reduction of QTc-B values (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated for the first time that the S-NO-HES molecule exhibited its NO-releasing effects. The effectiveness of this new NO donor to substitute NO deficiency under septic conditions or in other indications needs to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugur Aksu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Can Ince
- Department of Translational Physiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Baasner
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Lupp
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Nocken
- Fresenius Kabi Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg, Germany
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Sabe SA, Feng J, Sellke FW, Abid MR. Mechanisms and clinical implications of endothelium-dependent vasomotor dysfunction in coronary microvasculature. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2022; 322:H819-H841. [PMID: 35333122 PMCID: PMC9018047 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00603.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which affects the arterioles and capillary endothelium that regulate myocardial perfusion, is an increasingly recognized source of morbidity and mortality, particularly in the setting of metabolic syndrome. The coronary endothelium plays a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis, though factors such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity can contribute to endothelial injury and consequently arteriolar vasomotor dysfunction. These disturbances in the coronary microvasculature clinically manifest as diminished coronary flow reserve, which is a known independent risk factor for cardiac death, even in the absence of macrovascular atherosclerotic disease. Therefore, a growing body of literature has examined the molecular mechanisms by which coronary microvascular injury occurs at the level of the endothelium and the consequences on arteriolar vasomotor responses. This review will begin with an overview of normal coronary microvascular physiology, modalities of measuring coronary microvascular function, and clinical implications of CMD. These introductory topics will be followed by a discussion of recent advances in the understanding of the mechanisms by which inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, shear stress, endothelial cell senescence, and tissue ischemia dysregulate coronary endothelial homeostasis and arteriolar vasomotor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharif A Sabe
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Jun Feng
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Frank W Sellke
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - M Ruhul Abid
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
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Mineharu Y, Miyamoto S. RNF213 and GUCY1A3 in Moyamoya Disease: Key Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Vascular Stability. Front Neurol 2021; 12:687088. [PMID: 34381413 PMCID: PMC8350054 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.687088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is an idiopathic chronically progressive cerebrovascular disease, which causes both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Genetic studies identified RNF213/Mysterin and GUCY1A3 as disease-causing genes. They were also known to be associated with non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease, coronary artery disease and pulmonary artery hypertension. This review focused on these two molecules and their strong linker, calcineurin/NFAT signaling and caveolin to understand the pathophysiology of moyamoya disease and related vascular diseases. They are important regulators of lipid metabolism especially lipotoxicity, NF-κB mediated inflammation, and nitric oxide-mediated vascular protection. Although intimal thickening with fibrosis and damaged vascular smooth muscle cells are the distinguishing features of moyamoya disease, origin of the fibrous tissue and the mechanism of smooth muscle cell damages remains not fully elucidated. Endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells have long been a focus of interest, but other vascular components such as immune cells and extracellular matrix also need to be investigated in future studies. Molecular research on moyamoya disease would give us a clue to understand the mechanism preserving vascular stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Mineharu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Iacobini C, Vitale M, Pesce C, Pugliese G, Menini S. Diabetic Complications and Oxidative Stress: A 20-Year Voyage Back in Time and Back to the Future. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050727. [PMID: 34063078 PMCID: PMC8147954 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty years have passed since Brownlee and colleagues proposed a single unifying mechanism for diabetic complications, introducing a turning point in this field of research. For the first time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) were identified as the causal link between hyperglycemia and four seemingly independent pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes-associated vascular disease. Before and after this milestone in diabetes research, hundreds of articles describe a role for ROS, but the failure of clinical trials to demonstrate antioxidant benefits and some recent experimental studies showing that ROS are dispensable for the pathogenesis of diabetic complications call for time to reflect. This twenty-year journey focuses on the most relevant literature regarding the main sources of ROS generation in diabetes and their role in the pathogenesis of cell dysfunction and diabetic complications. To identify future research directions, this review discusses the evidence in favor and against oxidative stress as an initial event in the cellular biochemical abnormalities induced by hyperglycemia. It also explores possible alternative mechanisms, including carbonyl stress and the Warburg effect, linking glucose and lipid excess, mitochondrial dysfunction, and the activation of alternative pathways of glucose metabolism leading to vascular cell injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Iacobini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Martina Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
| | - Carlo Pesce
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetic and Maternal Infantile Sciences (DINOGMI), Department of Excellence of MIUR, University of Genoa Medical School, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-063-377-5440
| | - Stefano Menini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, “La Sapienza” University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (C.I.); (M.V.); (S.M.)
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Topal G, Loesch A, Dashwood MR. COVID-19 - Endothelial Axis and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patency: a Target for Therapeutic Intervention? Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 35:757-763. [PMID: 33118741 PMCID: PMC7598985 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection induces endothelial inflammation, therefore facilitating the progression of endothelial and vascular dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) involves mainly the use of the saphenous vein (SV) and internal mammary artery as graft material in the stenosed coronary arteries. Unfortunately, graft patency of the SV is low due to endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 might cause vascular inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and thrombosis in coronary artery bypass graft vessels by binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. Therefore, in this Special Article, we consider the potential influence of COVID-19 on the patency rates of coronary artery bypass graft vessels, mainly with reference to the SV. Moreover, we discuss the technique of SV graft harvesting and the therapeutic potential of focusing on endothelial dysfunction, vascular inflammation, and thrombosis for protecting coronary artery bypass grafts in COVID-19 infected CABG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokce Topal
- Istanbul University Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology Istanbul Turkey Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrzej Loesch
- University College Medical School Royal Free Hospital Campus Centre for Rheumatology London United Kingdom Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael R Dashwood
- University College Medical School Royal Free Hospital Campus Department of Surgical and Interventional Sciences London United Kingdom Department of Surgical and Interventional Sciences, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
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Roumeliotis S, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C. Endothelial Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease, from Biology to Clinical Outcomes: A 2020 Update. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082359. [PMID: 32718053 PMCID: PMC7465707 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is a dynamic, functionally complex organ, modulating multiple biological processes, including vascular tone and permeability, inflammatory responses, thrombosis, and angiogenesis. Endothelial dysfunction is a threat to the integrity of the vascular system, and it is pivotal in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability is a hallmark of chronic kidney disease (CKD), with this disturbance being almost universal in patients who reach the most advanced phase of CKD, end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Low NO bioavailability in CKD depends on several mechanisms affecting the expression and the activity of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Accumulation of endogenous inhibitors of eNOS, inflammation and oxidative stress, advanced glycosylation products (AGEs), bone mineral balance disorders encompassing hyperphosphatemia, high levels of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and low levels of the active form of vitamin D (1,25 vitamin D) and the anti-ageing vasculoprotective factor Klotho all impinge upon NO bioavailability and are critical to endothelial dysfunction in CKD. Wide-ranging multivariate interventions are needed to counter endothelial dysfunction in CKD, an alteration triggering arterial disease and cardiovascular complications in this high-risk population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanos Roumeliotis
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, 1st Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Francesca Mallamaci
- CNR-IFC (National Research Council of Italy, Centre of Clinical Physiology, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Cal., c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 89124 Reggio Cal, Italy;
| | - Carmine Zoccali
- CNR-IFC (National Research Council of Italy, Centre of Clinical Physiology, Clinical Epidemiology of Renal Diseases and Hypertension Unit, Reggio Cal., c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 89124 Reggio Cal, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-340-73540-62
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Takeda Y, Matoba K, Sekiguchi K, Nagai Y, Yokota T, Utsunomiya K, Nishimura R. Endothelial Dysfunction in Diabetes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8070182. [PMID: 32610588 PMCID: PMC7400447 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a worldwide health issue closely associated with cardiovascular events. Given the pandemic of obesity, the identification of the basic underpinnings of vascular disease is strongly needed. Emerging evidence has suggested that endothelial dysfunction is a critical step in the progression of atherosclerosis. However, how diabetes affects the endothelium is poorly understood. Experimental and clinical studies have illuminated the tight link between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. In addition, macrophage polarization from M2 towards M1 contributes to the process of endothelial damage. The possibility that novel classes of anti-hyperglycemic agents exert beneficial effects on the endothelial function and macrophage polarization has been raised. In this review, we discuss the current status of knowledge regarding the pathological significance of insulin signaling in endothelium. Finally, we summarize recent therapeutic strategies against endothelial dysfunction with an emphasis on macrophage polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Takeda
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Keiichiro Matoba
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kensuke Sekiguchi
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Yosuke Nagai
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Tamotsu Yokota
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
| | - Kazunori Utsunomiya
- Center for Preventive Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
| | - Rimei Nishimura
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan; (Y.T.); (K.S.); (Y.N.); (T.Y.); (R.N.)
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14
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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Jones DA, Rathod K, Primus C, Massimo G, Fukuto JM, Ahluwalia A. The Noncanonical Pathway for In Vivo Nitric Oxide Generation: The Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:692-766. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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15
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Horn AG, Davis RT, Baumfalk DR, Kunkel ON, Bruells CS, McCullough DJ, Opoku-Acheampong AB, Poole DC, Behnke BJ. Impaired diaphragm resistance vessel vasodilation with prolonged mechanical ventilation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:423-431. [PMID: 31161883 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00189.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation (MV) is a life-saving intervention, yet with prolonged MV (i.e., ≥6 h) there are time-dependent reductions in diaphragm blood flow and an impaired hyperemic response of unknown origin. Female Sprague-Dawley rats (4-8 mo, n = 118) were randomized into two groups; spontaneous breathing (SB) and 6-h (prolonged) MV. After MV or SB, vasodilation (flow-induced, endothelium-dependent and -independent agonists) and constriction (myogenic and α-adrenergic) responses were measured in first-order (1A) diaphragm resistance arterioles in vitro, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA expression was quantified. Following prolonged MV, there was a significant reduction in diaphragm arteriolar flow-induced (SB, 34.7 ± 3.8% vs. MV, 22.6 ± 2.0%; P ≤ 0.05), endothelium-dependent (via acetylcholine; SB, 64.3 ± 2.1% vs. MV, 36.4 ± 2.3%; P ≤ 0.05) and -independent (via sodium nitroprusside; SB, 65.0 ± 3.1% vs. MV, 46.0 ± 4.6%; P ≤ 0.05) vasodilation. Compared with SB, there was reduced eNOS mRNA expression (P ≤ 0.05). Prolonged MV diminished phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction (SB, 37.3 ± 6.7% vs. MV, 19.0 ± 1.9%; P ≤ 0.05) but did not alter myogenic or passive pressure responses. The severe reductions in diaphragmatic blood flow at rest and during contractions, with prolonged MV, are associated with diaphragm vascular dysfunction which occurs through both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent mechanisms.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Following prolonged mechanical ventilation, vascular alterations occur through both endothelium-dependent and -independent pathways. This is the first study, to our knowledge, demonstrating that diaphragm arteriolar dysfunction occurs consequent to prolonged mechanical ventilation and likely contributes to the severe reductions in diaphragmatic blood flow and weaning difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew G Horn
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Robert T Davis
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Center for Exercise Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Dryden R Baumfalk
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Olivia N Kunkel
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Christian S Bruells
- Department of Anesthesiology, RWTH Aachen University, Faculty of Medicine, Aachen, Germany
| | - Danielle J McCullough
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Edward Via College of Osteopathic Medicine, Auburn Campus, Auburn, Alabama
| | | | - David C Poole
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Bradley J Behnke
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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16
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Elbatreek MH, Pachado MP, Cuadrado A, Jandeleit-Dahm K, Schmidt HHHW. Reactive Oxygen Comes of Age: Mechanism-Based Therapy of Diabetic End-Organ Damage. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:312-327. [PMID: 30928357 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been mainly viewed as unwanted by-products of cellular metabolism, oxidative stress, a sign of a cellular redox imbalance, and potential disease mechanisms, such as in diabetes mellitus (DM). Antioxidant therapies, however, have failed to provide clinical benefit. This paradox can be explained by recent discoveries that ROS have mainly essential signaling and metabolic functions and evolutionally conserved physiological enzymatic sources. Disease can occur when ROS accumulate in nonphysiological concentrations, locations, or forms. By focusing on disease-relevant sources and targets of ROS, and leaving ROS physiology intact, precise therapeutic interventions are now possible and are entering clinical trials. Their outcomes are likely to profoundly change our concepts of ROS in DM and in medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud H Elbatreek
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Mayra P Pachado
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UAM-CSIC, Ciber sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Karin Jandeleit-Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Harald H H W Schmidt
- Department of Pharmacology and Personalised Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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17
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CARNEIRO GIANED, SIELSKI MICHELIS, VIEIRA CRISTIANOPEDROSO, COSTA FABIOTRINDADEMARANHÃO, WERNECK CLAUDIOC, VICENTE CRISTINAP. Administration of endothelial progenitor cells accelerates the resolution of arterial thrombus in mice. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:444-459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Pang Y, Thomas P. Progesterone induces relaxation of human umbilical cord vascular smooth muscle cells through mPRα (PAQR7). Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 474:20-34. [PMID: 29428395 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Progesterone effects on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) relaxation and the mechanism were investigated in cultured human umbilical vein VSMCs. Membrane progesterone receptors mPRα, mPRβ, and mPRγ were highly expressed in VSMCs, whereas nuclear progesterone receptor (nPR) had low expression. Progesterone (20 nM) and 02-0 (mPR-selective agonist), but not R5020 (nPR agonist), induced muscle relaxation in both a VSMC collagen gel disk contraction assay and an endothelium-denuded human umbilical artery ring tension assay. Progesterone and 02-0 increased ERK and Akt phosphorylation and decreased cAMP levels. These effects were blocked by preincubation with pertussis toxin. Progestin-induced muscle relaxation was blocked by pretreatment with mPRα, but not nPR, siRNAs, and by co-treatment with 8-Br-cAMP, AZD6244 (MAP kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor). Progestins reduced myosin light chain phosphorylation which was blocked with AZD6244 and wortmannin. These results demonstrate progesterone directly relaxes human VSMCs through mPRα/Gi and MAP kinase/ERK-, Akt/PI3K-, and cAMP-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA.
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX, 78373, USA.
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19
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Chang F, Flavahan S, Flavahan NA. Potential pitfalls in analyzing structural uncoupling of eNOS: aging is not associated with increased enzyme monomerization. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 316:H80-H88. [PMID: 30289292 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00506.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Homodimer formation is essential for the normal activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Structural uncoupling of eNOS, with generation of enzyme monomers, is thought to contribute to endothelial dysfunction in several vascular disorders, including aging. However, low-temperature SDS-PAGE of healthy arteries has revealed considerable variation between studies in the relative expression of eNOS dimers and monomers. While assessing structural uncoupling of eNOS in aging arteries, we identified methodological pitfalls that might contribute to such variation. Therefore, using human cultured aortic endothelial cells and aortas from young and aged Fischer-344 rats, we investigated optimal approaches for analyzing the expression of eNOS monomers and dimers. The results demonstrated that published differences in treatment of cell lysates can significantly impact the relative expression of several eNOS species, including denatured monomers, partially folded monomers, dimers, and higher-order oligomers. In aortas, experiments initially confirmed a large increase in eNOS monomers in aging arteries, consistent with structural uncoupling. However, these monomers were actually endogenous IgG, which, under these conditions, has mobility similar to eNOS monomers. Increased IgG levels in aged aortas likely reflect the aging-induced disruption of endothelial junctions and increased arterial penetration of IgG. After removal of the IgG signal, there were low levels of eNOS monomers in young arteries, which were not significantly different in aged arteries. Therefore, structural uncoupling of eNOS is not a prominent feature in young healthy arteries, and the process is not increased by aging. The study also identifies optimal approaches to analyze eNOS dimers and monomers. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Structural uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is considered central to endothelial dysfunction. However, reported levels of eNOS dimers and monomers vary widely, even in healthy arteries. We demonstrate that sample processing can alter relative levels of eNOS species. Moreover, endothelial dysfunction in aging aortas results in IgG accumulation, which, because of similar mobility to eNOS monomers, could be misinterpreted as structural uncoupling. Indeed, enzyme monomerization is not prominent in young or aging arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheila Flavahan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nicholas A Flavahan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial function is important for maintaining the homeostasis of the living body. Especially, nitric oxide (NO) produced in vascular endothelial cells regulates blood vessel tone and has an antiatherosclerotic effect. Type 2 diabetes is a typical disease that causes impaired vascular endothelial function, resulting in various vascular complications and damage to organs. Cardiovascular disease associated with type 2 diabetes is a chronic inflammatory disease that starts with endothelial dysfunction (ED), and vascular ED is important as an initial change in arteriosclerotic lesions. Vascular ED in type 2 diabetes is thought to be caused by hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia associated with insulin resistance, and hypoglycemia, in which elevated oxidative stress accompanying postprandial hyperglycemia and blood glucose fluctuation are involved. Vascular ED is also caused by postprandial metabolic abnormalities, so correcting postprandial metabolic abnormalities is also important. Meanwhile, Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist, thiazolidine, biguanide and Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor have an effect of protecting vascular endothelial function beyond glycemic control. In order to promote a healthy lifestyle for diabetes patients, it is important not only to lower HbA1c but also to avoid postprandial hyperglycemia, blood glucose fluctuation, and hypoglycemia. It is also important to conduct treatment with a view to suppressing vascular complications, such as the selection of antiarteriosclerosis medications.
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21
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Trans-cinnamaldehyde promotes nitric oxide release via the protein kinase-B/v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene -endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway to alleviate hypertension in SHR. Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rats. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(18)30886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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22
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Nafisa A, Gray SG, Cao Y, Wang T, Xu S, Wattoo FH, Barras M, Cohen N, Kamato D, Little PJ. Endothelial function and dysfunction: Impact of metformin. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 192:150-162. [PMID: 30056057 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular and metabolic diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Endothelial dysfunction is a key player in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Current evidence suggests that the anti-diabetic drug metformin improves insulin resistance and protects against endothelial dysfunction in the vasculature. Hereby, we provide a timely review on the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of metformin in preventing endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Nafisa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Susan G Gray
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.
| | - Yingnan Cao
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Feroza H Wattoo
- Department of Biochemistry, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Shamasabad, Muree Road, Rawalpindi 4600, Pakistan..
| | - Michael Barras
- Dept. of Pharmacy, Princess Alexandra Hospital, 199 Ipswich Rd, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Neale Cohen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 3004, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Danielle Kamato
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, University of Queensland, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia; Xinhua College of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, China.
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23
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Klawitter J, Hildreth KL, Christians U, Kohrt WM, Moreau KL. A relative L-arginine deficiency contributes to endothelial dysfunction across the stages of the menopausal transition. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/17/e13409. [PMID: 28904082 PMCID: PMC5599867 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial function declines across the menopause transition in women. We tested the hypothesis that reduced availability of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase [eNOS] substrate L‐arginine is an underlying mechanism to vascular endothelial dysfunction across menopause stages. Endothelial function (brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation [FMD]) and plasma markers of L‐arginine metabolism (citrulline, NG‐mono‐methyl‐ւ‐arginine [L‐NMMA] asymmetric dimethylarginine [ADMA] and NG‐N′G‐dimethyl‐l‐arginine [SDMA]), were measured in 129 women: 36 premenopausal (33 ± 7 years), 16 early‐ (49 ± 3 years) or 21 late‐ (50 ± 4 years) perimenopausal, and 21 early‐ (55 ± 3 years) or 35 late‐ (61 ± 4 years) postmenopausal. FMD was progressively reduced across menopause stages (P < 0.001). Menopause stage was associated with L‐arginine concentrations (P = 0.012), with higher levels in early postmenopausal compared to early and late perimenopausal women (P < 0.05). The methylarginine and eNOS inhibitor L‐NMMA was higher in early and late postmenopausal women compared to premenopausal and early and late perimenopausal women (all P < 0.001), and was inversely correlated with FMD (r = −0.30, P = 0.001). The L‐arginine/L‐NMMA ratio, a potential biomarker of relative L‐arginine levels, was lower in postmenopausal compared to either premenopausal or perimenopausal women (both P < 0.001), and was positively correlated with FMD (r = 0.33, P < 0.001). There were no differences in plasma citrulline, ADMA or SDMA across groups. These data suggest that a relative L‐arginine deficiency may be a mechanism underlying the decline in endothelial function with the menopause transition in women. The relative L‐arginine deficiency may be related to elevated levels of the methylarginine L‐NMMA, which would compete with L‐arginine for eNOS and for intracellular transport, reducing NO biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Klawitter
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Uwe Christians
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado .,Denver Veterans Administration Medical Center, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Denver, Colorado
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24
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Yang J, Xu J, Danniel M, Wang X, Wang W, Zeng L, Shen L. The interaction between XBP1 and eNOS contributes to endothelial cell migration. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:262-270. [PMID: 29352987 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a pivotal transcription factor in the endoplasmic reticulum stress response. Our previous studies have proven that XBP1 is involved in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-mediated endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and angiogenesis. In this study, we used EC monolayer wound healing, tube formation and transwell migration models to explore the role of XBP1splicing in EC migration. We found that scratching on EC monolayer triggered XBP1splicing, which was attenuated by the presence of SU5416and LY294002, suggesting that VEGF signalling pathways may be involved. Over-expression of the spliced XBP1 (XBP1s) via Ad-XBP1s gene transfer increased while knockdown of IRE1αor XBP1 by ShRNA lentivirus suppressed EC migration. Over-expression of XBP1s up-regulated the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3)mRNA through the 3'UTR-mediated stabilisation and increased eNOS protein translation. Further experiments demonstrated that miR-24 participated in the XBP1s-induced eNOSup-regulation and EC migration. Further co-IP and immunofluorescence staining assays revealed that protein kinase B (Akt), eNOS andXBP1s form a complex, resulting in Akt and eNOS nucleus relocation. These results suggest that XBP1 splicing can regulate eNOS expression and cellular location, leading to EC migration and therefore contributing to wound healing and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China; Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Danniel
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom
| | - Wen Wang
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary, University of London, E1 4NS London, United Kingdom
| | - Lingfang Zeng
- Cardiovascular Division, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, SE5 9NU London, United Kingdom.
| | - Lisong Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
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25
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Badavi M, Bazaz A, Dianat M, Sarkaki A. Gallic acid improves endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response to histamine in the mesenteric vascular bed of diabetic rats. J Diabetes 2017; 9:1003-1011. [PMID: 27943652 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial dysfunction is one of the many complications caused by diabetes mellitus. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of gallic acid (GA) on the mesenteric vascular bed (MVB) response to histamine in diabetic rats. METHODS Forty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control group, an untreated alloxan-induced diabetic group and three diabetic groups treated with different doses of GA. Six weeks after induction of diabetes and GA treatment, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, and the vasodilatory response to histamine of the MVB (measured as changes in perfusion pressure) were determined. RESULTS The vasodilatory response to histamine and TAC decreased, whereas MDA increased in the plasma from diabetic rats (P < 0.01). However, in the presence of 3 × 10-5 mol/L N G -nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) and 1 × 10-5 mol/L indomethacin (an inhibitor of prostaglandin production), the vasodilatory response of the MVB to histamine was reduced in all groups (P < 0.001). Treatment of diabetic rats with 20 and 40 mg/kg per day GA, but not 10 mg/kg per day GA, increased TAC and decreased MDA concentrations (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 vs untreated diabetic rats, respectively) and significantly improved the vasodilatory response to histamine (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION The results show that, in diabetic rats, the endothelium-dependent vasodilatory response of the MVB to histamine is significantly decreased and depends on both nitric oxide- and prostaglandin-producing pathways and may be mediated by oxidative stress. Treatment with the antioxidant GA restored the vasodilatory response of the MVB to histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Badavi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
- Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
- Atherosclerosis Research Center at Golestan Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Amir Bazaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Mahin Dianat
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
- Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Alireza Sarkaki
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
- Ahvaz Physiology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahwaz, Iran
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Bharath LP, Cho JM, Park SK, Ruan T, Li Y, Mueller R, Bean T, Reese V, Richardson RS, Cai J, Sargsyan A, Pires K, Anandh Babu PV, Boudina S, Graham TE, Symons JD. Endothelial Cell Autophagy Maintains Shear Stress-Induced Nitric Oxide Generation via Glycolysis-Dependent Purinergic Signaling to Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:1646-1656. [PMID: 28684613 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.309510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired endothelial cell (EC) autophagy compromises shear stress-induced nitric oxide (NO) generation. We determined the responsible mechanism. APPROACH AND RESULTS On autophagy compromise in bovine aortic ECs exposed to shear stress, a decrease in glucose uptake and EC glycolysis attenuated ATP production. We hypothesized that decreased glycolysis-dependent purinergic signaling via P2Y1 (P2Y purinoceptor 1) receptors, secondary to impaired autophagy in ECs, prevents shear-induced phosphorylation of eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) at its positive regulatory site S1117 (p-eNOSS1177) and NO generation. Maneuvers that restore glucose transport and glycolysis (eg, overexpression of GLUT1 [glucose transporter 1]) or purinergic signaling (eg, addition of exogenous ADP) rescue shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO production in ECs with impaired autophagy. Conversely, inhibiting glucose transport via GLUT1 small interfering RNA, blocking purinergic signaling via ectonucleotidase-mediated ATP/ADP degradation (eg, apyrase), or inhibiting P2Y1 receptors using pharmacological (eg, MRS2179 [2'-deoxy-N6-methyladenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate tetrasodium salt]) or genetic (eg, P2Y1-receptor small interfering RNA) procedures inhibit shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO generation in ECs with intact autophagy. Supporting a central role for PKCδT505 (protein kinase C delta T505) in relaying the autophagy-dependent purinergic-mediated signal to eNOS, we find that (1) shear stress-induced activating phosphorylation of PKCδT505 is negated by inhibiting autophagy, (2) shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO generation are restored in autophagy-impaired ECs via pharmacological (eg, bryostatin) or genetic (eg, constitutively active PKCδ) activation of PKCδT505, and (3) pharmacological (eg, rottlerin) and genetic (eg, PKCδ small interfering RNA) PKCδ inhibition prevents shear-induced p-eNOSS1177 and NO generation in ECs with intact autophagy. Key nodes of dysregulation in this pathway on autophagy compromise were revealed in human arterial ECs. CONCLUSIONS Targeted reactivation of purinergic signaling and PKCδ has strategic potential to restore compromised NO generation in pathologies associated with suppressed EC autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leena P Bharath
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Jae Min Cho
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Seul-Ki Park
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Ting Ruan
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Youyou Li
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Robert Mueller
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Tyler Bean
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Van Reese
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Russel S Richardson
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Jinjin Cai
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Ashot Sargsyan
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Karla Pires
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Sihem Boudina
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - Timothy E Graham
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.)
| | - J David Symons
- From the Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., R.S.R., K.P., V.A.B., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.) and Molecular Medicine Program (J.C., A.S., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City; Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City (L.P.B., J.M.C., S.-K.P., T.R., Y.L., R.M., T.B., J.C., A.S., K.P., S.B., T.E.G., J.D.S.); and University of Utah Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Whalen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City (V.R., R.S.R.).
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Veerabhadrappa P, Schutte AE. Blood Pressure With Nitrate Exposure: Back-to-Basics With Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Am J Hypertens 2017; 30:665-666. [PMID: 28430832 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpx061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aletta E Schutte
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Romero SA, Gagnon D, Adams AN, Moralez G, Kouda K, Jaffery MF, Cramer MN, Crandall CG. Folic acid ingestion improves skeletal muscle blood flow during graded handgrip and plantar flexion exercise in aged humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 313:H658-H666. [PMID: 28667051 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00234.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle blood flow is attenuated in aged humans performing dynamic exercise, which is due, in part, to impaired local vasodilatory mechanisms. Recent evidence suggests that folic acid improves cutaneous vasodilation during localized and whole body heating through nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. However, it is unclear whether folic acid improves vasodilation in other vascular beds during conditions of increased metabolism (i.e., exercise). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that folic acid ingestion improves skeletal muscle blood flow in aged adults performing graded handgrip and plantar flexion exercise via increased vascular conductance. Nine healthy, aged adults (two men and seven women; age: 68 ± 5 yr) performed graded handgrip and plantar flexion exercise before (control), 2 h after (acute, 5 mg), and after 6 wk (chronic, 5 mg/day) folic acid ingestion. Forearm (brachial artery) and leg (superficial femoral artery) blood velocity and diameter were measured via Duplex ultrasonography and used to calculate blood flow. Acute and chronic folic acid ingestion increased serum folate (both P < 0.05 vs. control). During handgrip exercise, acute and chronic folic acid ingestion increased forearm blood flow (both conditions P < 0.05 vs. control) and vascular conductance (both P < 0.05 vs. control). During plantar flexion exercise, acute and chronic folic acid ingestion increased leg blood flow (both P < 0.05 vs. control), but only acute folic acid ingestion increased vascular conductance (P < 0.05 vs. control). Taken together, folic acid ingestion increases blood flow to active skeletal muscle primarily via improved local vasodilation in aged adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings demonstrate that folic acid ingestion improves blood flow via enhanced vascular conductance in the exercising skeletal muscle of aged humans. These findings provide evidence for the therapeutic use of folic acid to improve skeletal muscle blood flow, and perhaps exercise and functional capacity, in human primary aging.Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/folic-acid-and-exercise-hyperemia-in-aging/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Romero
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Daniel Gagnon
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.,Département de Pharmacologie et Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; and
| | - Amy N Adams
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Gilbert Moralez
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ken Kouda
- Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Manall F Jaffery
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Matthew N Cramer
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas
| | - Craig G Crandall
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital, Dallas, Texas;
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Deshpande D, Janero DR, Segura-Ibarra V, Blanco E, Amiji MM. Nucleic Acid Delivery for Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases. Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J 2017; 12:134-140. [PMID: 27826366 DOI: 10.14797/mdcj-12-3-134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple cardiovascular diseases and involves components of both innate and acquired immune mechanisms. Identifying signature patterns and targets associated with endothelial dysfunction can help in the development of novel nanotherapeutic platforms for treatment of vascular diseases. This review discusses nucleic acid-based regulation of endothelial function and the different nucleic acid-based nanotherapeutic approaches designed to target endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elvin Blanco
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Fu Z, Wu J, Nesil T, Li MD, Aylor KW, Liu Z. Long-term high-fat diet induces hippocampal microvascular insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E89-E97. [PMID: 27899343 PMCID: PMC5336564 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00297.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin action on hippocampus improves cognitive function, and obesity and type 2 diabetes are associated with decreased cognitive function. Cerebral microvasculature plays a critical role in maintaining cerebral vitality and function by supplying nutrients, oxygen, and hormones such as insulin to cerebral parenchyma, including hippocampus. In skeletal muscle, insulin actively regulates microvascular opening and closure, and this action is impaired in the insulin-resistant states. To examine insulin's action on hippocampal microvasculature and parenchyma and the impact of diet-induced obesity, we determined cognitive function and microvascular insulin responses, parenchyma insulin responses, and capillary density in the hippocampus in 2- and 8-mo-old rats on chow diet and 8-mo-old rats on a long-term high-fat diet (6 mo). Insulin infusion increased hippocampal microvascular perfusion in rats on chow diet by ~80-90%. High-fat diet feeding completely abolished insulin-mediated microvascular responses and protein kinase B phosphorylation but did not alter the capillary density in the hippocampus. This was associated with a significantly decreased cognitive function assessed using both the two-trial spontaneous alternation behavior test and the novel object recognition test. As the microvasculature provides the needed endothelial surface area for delivery of nutrients, oxygen, and insulin to hippocampal parenchyma, we conclude that hippocampal microvascular insulin resistance may play a critical role in the development of cognitive impairment seen in obesity and diabetes. Our results suggest that improvement in hippocampal microvascular insulin sensitivity might help improve or reverse cognitive function in the insulin-resistant states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Fu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jing Wu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Endocrinology, Central South University Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Tanseli Nesil
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Ming D Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Kevin W Aylor
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia;
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Vanhoutte PM, Shimokawa H, Feletou M, Tang EHC. Endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease - a 30th anniversary update. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2017; 219:22-96. [PMID: 26706498 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 556] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endothelium can evoke relaxations of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, by releasing vasodilator substances. The best-characterized endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) is nitric oxide (NO) which activates soluble guanylyl cyclase in the vascular smooth muscle cells, with the production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) initiating relaxation. The endothelial cells also evoke hyperpolarization of the cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizations, EDH-mediated responses). As regards the latter, hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) now appears to play a dominant role. Endothelium-dependent relaxations involve both pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi (e.g. responses to α2 -adrenergic agonists, serotonin, and thrombin) and pertussis toxin-insensitive Gq (e.g. adenosine diphosphate and bradykinin) coupling proteins. New stimulators (e.g. insulin, adiponectin) of the release of EDRFs have emerged. In recent years, evidence has also accumulated, confirming that the release of NO by the endothelial cell can chronically be upregulated (e.g. by oestrogens, exercise and dietary factors) and downregulated (e.g. oxidative stress, smoking, pollution and oxidized low-density lipoproteins) and that it is reduced with ageing and in the course of vascular disease (e.g. diabetes and hypertension). Arteries covered with regenerated endothelium (e.g. following angioplasty) selectively lose the pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway for NO release which favours vasospasm, thrombosis, penetration of macrophages, cellular growth and the inflammatory reaction leading to atherosclerosis. In addition to the release of NO (and EDH, in particular those due to H2 O2 ), endothelial cells also can evoke contraction of the underlying vascular smooth muscle cells by releasing endothelium-derived contracting factors. Recent evidence confirms that most endothelium-dependent acute increases in contractile force are due to the formation of vasoconstrictor prostanoids (endoperoxides and prostacyclin) which activate TP receptors of the vascular smooth muscle cells and that prostacyclin plays a key role in such responses. Endothelium-dependent contractions are exacerbated when the production of nitric oxide is impaired (e.g. by oxidative stress, ageing, spontaneous hypertension and diabetes). They contribute to the blunting of endothelium-dependent vasodilatations in aged subjects and essential hypertensive and diabetic patients. In addition, recent data confirm that the release of endothelin-1 can contribute to endothelial dysfunction and that the peptide appears to be an important contributor to vascular dysfunction. Finally, it has become clear that nitric oxide itself, under certain conditions (e.g. hypoxia), can cause biased activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase leading to the production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP) rather than cGMP and hence causes contraction rather than relaxation of the underlying vascular smooth muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. M. Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
| | - H. Shimokawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Tohoku University; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Feletou
- Department of Cardiovascular Research; Institut de Recherches Servier; Suresnes France
| | - E. H. C. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences; Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong City Hong Kong
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Kennedy DO, Stevenson EJ, Jackson PA, Dunn S, Wishart K, Bieri G, Barella L, Carne A, Dodd FL, Robertson BC, Forster J, Haskell-Ramsay CF. Multivitamins and minerals modulate whole-body energy metabolism and cerebral blood-flow during cognitive task performance: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2016; 13:11. [PMID: 26870152 PMCID: PMC4750202 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-016-0071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is by far the most metabolically active organ in the body, with overall energy expenditure and local blood-supply closely related to neural activity. Both energy metabolism and cerebral vaso-dilation are dependent on adequate micronutrient status. This study investigated whether supplementation with ascending doses of multi-vitamin/minerals could modulate the metabolic and cerebral blood-flow consequences of performing cognitive tasks that varied in difficulty. METHODS In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-groups study 97 healthy females (25-49 y), who were not selected on the basis of any nutritional parameters, received either placebo or one of two doses of multivitamins/minerals. Cerebral blood-flow (CBF) parameters in the frontal cortex, and total energy expenditure (TotalEnergy), carbohydrate and fat oxidation (CarbOxi/FatOxi), were measured during 5 tasks of graded cognitive difficulty and a control task (5 min per task) using Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and Indirect calorimetry of exhaled pulmonary gas (ICa) respectively. Assessments took place 60 min after the first dose and following eight weeks supplementation. RESULTS During task performance supplementation with the first dose of micronutrients led to a dose-dependent increase in TotalEnergy and FatOxi throughout the post-dose assessment period following the higher dose, and increases in the total concentration of haemoglobin, a proxy measure for CBF, during task performance following the lower dose of vitamins/minerals (also containing coenzyme-Q10). Chronic supplementation over 8 weeks led to a dose-dependent increase in TotalEnergy during the task period. There were no interpretable effects on mood or cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS These results show that acute supplementation with micronutrients in healthy adults can modulate metabolic parameters and cerebral blood flow during cognitive task performance, and that the metabolic consequences are sustained during chronic supplementation. These findings suggest that both brain function and metabolism are amenable to micronutrient supplementation, even in adults who are assumed to have nutritional status typical of the population. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov - NCT02381964.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O Kennedy
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Emma J Stevenson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Philippa A Jackson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Sarah Dunn
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Karl Wishart
- Bayer HealthCare - Consumer Care, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gregor Bieri
- Bayer HealthCare - Consumer Care, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Barella
- Bayer HealthCare - Consumer Care, Peter Merian Strasse 84, P.O. Box 4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Carne
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Fiona L Dodd
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Bernadette C Robertson
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Joanne Forster
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
| | - Crystal F Haskell-Ramsay
- Brain, Performance and Nutrition Research Centre, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8ST UK
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Nanoliposomal Nitroglycerin Exerts Potent Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16258. [PMID: 26584637 PMCID: PMC4653649 DOI: 10.1038/srep16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitroglycerin (NTG) markedly enhances nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. However, its ability to mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of NO remains unknown. Here, we examined whether NTG can suppress endothelial cell (EC) activation during inflammation and developed NTG nanoformulation to simultaneously amplify its anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorate adverse effects associated with high-dose NTG administration. Our findings reveal that NTG significantly inhibits human U937 cell adhesion to NO-deficient human microvascular ECs in vitro through an increase in endothelial NO and decrease in endothelial ICAM-1 clustering, as determined by NO analyzer, microfluorimetry, and immunofluorescence staining. Nanoliposomal NTG (NTG-NL) was formulated by encapsulating NTG within unilamellar lipid vesicles (DPhPC, POPC, Cholesterol, DHPE-Texas Red at molar ratio of 6:2:2:0.2) that were ~155 nm in diameter and readily uptaken by ECs, as determined by dynamic light scattering and quantitative fluorescence microscopy, respectively. More importantly, NTG-NL produced a 70-fold increase in NTG therapeutic efficacy when compared with free NTG while preventing excessive mitochondrial superoxide production associated with high NTG doses. Thus, these findings, which are the first to reveal the superior therapeutic effects of an NTG nanoformulation, provide the rationale for their detailed investigation for potentially superior vascular normalization therapies.
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Godoy JA, Carneiro GD, Sielski MS, Barbosa GO, Werneck CC, Vicente CP. Combined dermatan sulfate and endothelial progenitor cell treatment: action on the initial inflammatory response after arterial injury in C57BL/6 mice. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1447-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Vascular nitric oxide: Beyond eNOS. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 129:83-94. [PMID: 26499181 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As the first discovered gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) affects a number of cellular processes, including those involving vascular cells. This brief review summarizes the contribution of NO to the regulation of vascular tone and its sources in the blood vessel wall. NO regulates the degree of contraction of vascular smooth muscle cells mainly by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), although cGMP-independent signaling [S-nitrosylation of target proteins, activation of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) or production of cyclic inosine monophosphate (cIMP)] also can be involved. In the blood vessel wall, NO is produced mainly from l-arginine by the enzyme endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) but it can also be released non-enzymatically from S-nitrosothiols or from nitrate/nitrite. Dysfunction in the production and/or the bioavailability of NO characterizes endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and atherosclerosis.
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Uryash A, Bassuk J, Kurlansky P, Altamirano F, Lopez JR, Adams JA. Antioxidant Properties of Whole Body Periodic Acceleration (pGz). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131392. [PMID: 26133377 PMCID: PMC4489838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The recognition that oxidative stress is a major component of several chronic diseases has engendered numerous trials of antioxidant therapies with minimal or no direct benefits. Nanomolar quantities of nitric oxide released into the circulation by pharmacologic stimulation of eNOS have antioxidant properties but physiologic stimulation as through increased pulsatile shear stress of the endothelium has not been assessed. The present study utilized a non-invasive technology, periodic acceleration (pGz) that increases pulsatile shear stress such that upregulation of cardiac eNOS occurs, We assessed its efficacy in normal mice and mouse models with high levels of oxidative stress, e.g. Diabetes type 1 and mdx (Duchene Muscular Dystrophy). pGz increased protein expression and upregulated eNOS in hearts. Application of pGz was associated with significantly increased expression of endogenous antioxidants (Glutathioneperoxidase-1(GPX-1), Catalase (CAT), Superoxide, Superoxide Dismutase 1(SOD1). This led to an increase of total cardiac antioxidant capacity along with an increase in the antioxidant response element transcription factor Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus. pGz decreased reactive oxygen species in both mice models of oxidative stress. Thus, pGz is a novel non-pharmacologic method to harness endogenous antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkady Uryash
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jorge Bassuk
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
| | - Paul Kurlansky
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jose R. Lopez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Adams
- Division of Neonatology, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee DH, Park HY, Lee US, Lee KJ, Noh EC, Jang JH, Kang DH. The effects of brain wave vibration on oxidative stress response and psychological symptoms. Compr Psychiatry 2015; 60:99-104. [PMID: 25842193 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain Wave Vibration (BWV) training is a simple healing practice, a kind of Mind Body Training. This study was designed to investigate the psycho-endocrine differences between BMV practitioners and naïve controls. METHODS The experimental group included 54 individuals who had participated in BWV. The control group included 58 subjects who had not participated in formal BWV. Levels of plasma NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured, and the modified form of the Stress Response Inventory (SRI-MF), the Positive Affect and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered. RESULTS The BWV group demonstrated significantly higher plasma NO levels (p=0.003), and levels of ROS and SOD did not differ between the two groups. The BWV group showed lower scores in BDI (p=0.009), BAI (p=0.009) and stress level (p<0.001) and higher scores on positive affect (p=0.023) compared with the control group. NO levels were associated with increased positive affect (p = 0.024) only in BWV subjects. CONCLUSION BWV may increase NO, a relaxation-related factor, possibly by improving emotional state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ul Soon Lee
- Global Cyber University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Jun Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Chung Noh
- Interdisciplinary Program of Neuroscience, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hwan Jang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Do-Hyung Kang
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Li Q, Youn JY, Cai H. Mechanisms and consequences of endothelial nitric oxide synthase dysfunction in hypertension. J Hypertens 2015; 33:1128-36. [PMID: 25882860 PMCID: PMC4816601 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Reduced nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. The endothelial isoform of nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is responsible for the production of nitric oxide within the endothelium. Loss of eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin to initial increase in oxidative stress leads to uncoupling of eNOS, in which the enzyme produces superoxide anion rather than nitric oxide, further substantiating oxidative stress to induce vascular pathogenesis. The current review focuses on recent advances on the molecular mechanisms and consequences of eNOS dysfunction in hypertension, and potential novel therapeutic strategies restoring eNOS function to treat hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Divisions of Molecular Medicine and Cardiology, Departments of Anesthesiology and Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pang Y, Dong J, Thomas P. Progesterone increases nitric oxide synthesis in human vascular endothelial cells through activation of membrane progesterone receptor-α. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E899-911. [PMID: 25805192 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00527.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone exerts beneficial effects on the human cardiovascular system by inducing rapid increases in nitric oxide (NO) production in vascular endothelial cells, but the receptors mediating these nongenomic progesterone actions remain unclear. Using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a model, we show that progesterone binds to plasma membranes of HUVECs with the characteristics of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs). The selective mPR agonist Org OD 02-0 had high binding affinity for the progesterone receptor on HUVEC membranes, whereas nuclear PR (nPR) agonists R5020 and medroxyprogesterone acetate displayed low binding affinities. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analyses confirmed that mPRs are expressed in HUVECs and are localized on their plasma membranes. NO levels increased rapidly after treatment with 20 nM progesterone, Org OD 02-0, and a progesterone-BSA conjugate but not with R5020, suggesting that this progesterone action is at the cell surface and initiated through mPRs. Progesterone and Org OD 02-0 (20 nM) also significantly increased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and eNOS phosphorylation. Knockdown of mPRα expression by treatment with small-interfering RNA (siRNA) blocked the stimulatory effects of 20 nM progesterone on NO production and eNOS phosphorylation, whereas knockdown of nPR was ineffective. Treatment with PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase inhibitors blocked the stimulatory effects of progesterone, Org OD 02-0, and progesterone-BSA on NO production and eNOS phosphorylation and also prevented progesterone- and Org OD 02-0-induced increases in Akt and ERK phosphorylation. The results suggest that progesterone stimulation of NO production in HUVECs is mediated by mPRα and involves signaling through PI3K/Akt and MAP kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yefei Pang
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| | - Jing Dong
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
| | - Peter Thomas
- Marine Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Port Aransas, Texas
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Pechánová O, Varga ZV, Cebová M, Giricz Z, Pacher P, Ferdinandy P. Cardiac NO signalling in the metabolic syndrome. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:1415-33. [PMID: 25297560 PMCID: PMC4369254 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well documented that metabolic syndrome (i.e. a group of risk factors, such as abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides and low cholesterol level in high-density lipoprotein), which raises the risk for heart disease and diabetes, is associated with increased reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generation. ROS/RNS can modulate cardiac NO signalling and trigger various adaptive changes in NOS and antioxidant enzyme expressions/activities. While initially these changes may represent protective mechanisms in metabolic syndrome, later with more prolonged oxidative, nitrosative and nitrative stress, these are often exhausted, eventually favouring myocardial RNS generation and decreased NO bioavailability. The increased oxidative and nitrative stress also impairs the NO-soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) signalling pathway, limiting the ability of NO to exert its fundamental signalling roles in the heart. Enhanced ROS/RNS generation in the presence of risk factors also facilitates activation of redox-dependent transcriptional factors such as NF-κB, promoting myocardial expression of various pro-inflammatory mediators, and eventually the development of cardiac dysfunction and remodelling. While the dysregulation of NO signalling may interfere with the therapeutic efficacy of conventional drugs used in the management of metabolic syndrome, the modulation of NO signalling may also be responsible for the therapeutic benefits of already proven or recently developed treatment approaches, such as ACE inhibitors, certain β-blockers, and sGC activators. Better understanding of the above-mentioned pathological processes may ultimately lead to more successful therapeutic approaches to overcome metabolic syndrome and its pathological consequences in cardiac NO signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pechánová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology and Centre of Excellence for Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovak Republic
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius UniversityBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Z V Varga
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - M Cebová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology and Centre of Excellence for Regulatory Role of Nitric Oxide in Civilization Diseases, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Z Giricz
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
| | - P Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies, National Institutes of Health/NIAAABethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Ferdinandy
- Cardiometabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
- Pharmahungary GroupSzeged, Hungary
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Kapil V, Khambata RS, Robertson A, Caulfield MJ, Ahluwalia A. Dietary nitrate provides sustained blood pressure lowering in hypertensive patients: a randomized, phase 2, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Hypertension 2014; 65:320-7. [PMID: 25421976 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.114.04675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 329] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Single dose administration of dietary inorganic nitrate acutely reduces blood pressure (BP) in normotensive healthy volunteers, via bioconversion to the vasodilator nitric oxide. We assessed whether dietary nitrate might provide sustained BP lowering in patients with hypertension. We randomly assigned 68 patients with hypertension in a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to receive daily dietary supplementation for 4 weeks with either dietary nitrate (250 mL daily, as beetroot juice) or a placebo (250 mL daily, as nitrate-free beetroot juice) after a 2-week run-in period and followed by a 2-week washout. We performed stratified randomization of drug-naive (n=34) and treated (n=34) patients with hypertension aged 18 to 85 years. The primary end point was change in clinic, ambulatory, and home BP compared with placebo. Daily supplementation with dietary nitrate was associated with reduction in BP measured by 3 different methods. Mean (95% confidence interval) reduction in clinic BP was 7.7/2.4 mm Hg (3.6-11.8/0.0-4.9, P<0.001 and P=0.050). Twenty-four-hour ambulatory BP was reduced by 7.7/5.2 mm Hg (4.1-11.2/2.7-7.7, P<0.001 for both). Home BP was reduced by 8.1/3.8 mm Hg (3.8-12.4/0.7-6.9, P<0.001 and P<0.01) with no evidence of tachyphylaxis over the 4-week intervention period. Endothelial function improved by ≈20% (P<0.001), and arterial stiffness was reduced by 0.59 m/s (0.24-0.93; P<0.01) after dietary nitrate consumption with no change after placebo. The intervention was well tolerated. This is the first evidence of durable BP reduction with dietary nitrate supplementation in a relevant patient group. These findings suggest a role for dietary nitrate as an affordable, readily-available, adjunctive treatment in the management of patients with hypertension (funded by The British Heart Foundation). CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01405898.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kapil
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts BP Centre of Excellence, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rayomand S Khambata
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts BP Centre of Excellence, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Robertson
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts BP Centre of Excellence, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts BP Centre of Excellence, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amrita Ahluwalia
- From the William Harvey Research Institute, Barts BP Centre of Excellence, NIHR Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit at Barts, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Ying Z, Xie X, Chen M, Yi K, Rajagopalan S. Alpha-lipoic acid activates eNOS through activation of PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 64:28-35. [PMID: 25460366 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoic acid (LA) exerts therapeutic effects on cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these therapeutic effects remain elusive. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) plays a critical role in cardiovascular homeostasis. LA was shown to potently activate PI3-kinase/Akt pathway, and the latter is critical in the regulation of eNOS activity. In the present study, we test the hypothesis that LA improves endothelial function through PI3-kinase/Akt-mediated eNOS activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Western blot analysis showed that LA time- and dose-dependently induced phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Both PI3-kinase and Akt inhibitors abolished LA-induced eNOS phosphorylation, indicating that LA induces eNOS phosphorylation through the PI3-kinase/Akt pathway. This increase in eNOS phosphorylation was paralleled by an increase in NO release by HUVECs, supporting its relevance in eNOS activity regulation. Myograph analysis revealed that LA relaxed phenylephrine-induced contraction. Endothelium removal and NOS inhibition by L-NAME abolished this vasodilator action of LA, and Akt but not AMPK inhibition significantly reduced the vasodilator action of LA, indicating that it is mediated by PI3-kinase/Akt pathway-dependent activation of eNOS. Consistent with in vitro results, intraperitoneal injection with LA significantly increased plasma nitrite and nitrate levels in C57Bl/6j mice. CONCLUSIONS LA activates eNOS through a PI3-kinase/Akt signaling pathway-dependent mechanism, offering a potential molecular basis for the therapeutic effects of LA on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhekang Ying
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China; Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Xiaoyun Xie
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, PR China
| | - Minjie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, PR China; Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kevin Yi
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Department of Medicine Cardiology Division, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Clinical evidence demonstrating the utility of inorganic nitrate in cardiovascular health. Nitric Oxide 2014; 38:45-57. [PMID: 24650698 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2014.03.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of nitric oxide and its role in almost every facet of human biology opened a new avenue for treatment through manipulation of its canonical signaling and by attempts to augment endogenous nitric oxide generation through provision of substrate and co-factors to the endothelial nitric oxide synthase complex. This has been particularly so in the cardiovascular system and it is well recognized that there is reduced bioavailable nitric oxide in patients with both cardiovascular risk factors and manifest vascular disease. However, these attempts have failed to deliver the expected benefits of such an approach. Recently, an alternative pathway for nitric oxide synthesis has been elucidated that can produce authentic nitric oxide from the 1 electron reduction of inorganic nitrite. Furthermore, it has long been known that symbiotic, facultative, oral microflora can facilitate the reduction of inorganic nitrate, that is ingested in the average diet in millimolar amounts, to inorganic nitrite itself. Thus, there exists an alternative reductive pathway from nitrate, via nitrite as an intermediate, to nitric oxide that provides a novel pathway that may be amenable to therapeutic manipulation. As such, various research groups have explored the utility of manipulation of this nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway in situations in which nitric oxide is known to have a prominent role. Animal and early-phase human studies of both inorganic nitrite and nitrate supplementation have shown beneficial effects in blood pressure control, platelet function, vascular health and exercise capacity. This review considers in detail the pathways of inorganic nitrate bioactivation and the evidence of clinical utility to date on the cardiovascular system.
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The effects of 17-methoxyl-7-hydroxy-benzene-furanchalcone on the pressure overload-induced progression of cardiac hypertrophy to cardiac failure. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91834. [PMID: 24622486 PMCID: PMC3951494 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of 17-methoxyl-7-hydroxy-benzene-furanchalcone (MHBFC), which was isolated from the roots of Millettia pulchra (Benth.) Kurz var. Laxior (Dunn) Z.Wei (Papilionaceae) (MKL), on the progression of cardiac hypertrophy to failure in a rat model of abdominal aortic banding (AAB)-induced pressure overloading. Endothelial dysfunction is central to pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and failure. It would be useful to clarify whether MHBFC could prevent this dysfunction. The effects of pressure overload were assessed in male Sprague-Dawley rats 6 weeks after AAB using the progression of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure as the endpoint. The AAB-treated rats exhibited a greater progression to heart failure and had significantly elevated blood pressure, systolic and diastolic cardiac dysfunction, and evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). LVH was characterized by increases in the ratios of heart and left ventricular weights to body weight, increased myocyte cross-sectional areas, myocardial and perivascular fibrosis, and elevated cardiac hydroxyproline. These symptoms could be prevented by treatment with MHBFC at daily oral doses of 6 and 12 mg/kg for 6 weeks. The progression to cardiac failure, which was demonstrated by increases in relative lung and right ventricular weights, cardiac function disorders and overexpression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA, could also be prevented. Furthermore, MHBFC partialy rescued the downregulated nitric oxide signaling system, whereas inhibited the upregulated endothelin signaling system, normalizing the balance between these two systems. MHBFC protected the endothelium and prevented the pressure overload-induced progression of cardiac hypertrophy to cardiac failure.
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Gould ST, Matherly EE, Smith JN, Heistad DD, Anseth KS. The role of valvular endothelial cell paracrine signaling and matrix elasticity on valvular interstitial cell activation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:3596-606. [PMID: 24462357 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of valvular endothelial cell (VlvEC) paracrine signaling on VIC phenotype and nodule formation were tested using a co-culture platform with physiologically relevant matrix elasticities and diffusion distance. 100 μm thin poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels of 3-27 kPa Young's moduli were fabricated in transwell inserts. VICs were cultured on the gels, as VIC phenotype is known to change significantly within this range, while VlvECs lined the underside of the membrane. Co-culture with VlvECs significantly reduced VIC activation to the myofibroblast phenotype on all gels with the largest percent decrease on the 3 kPa gels (~70%), while stiffer gels resulted in approximately 20-30% decrease. Additionally, VlvECs significantly reduced αSMA protein expression (~2 fold lower) on both 3 and 27 kPa gels, as well as the number (~2 fold lower) of nodules formed on the 27 kPa gels. Effects of VlvECs were prevented when nitric oxide (NO) release was inhibited with l-NAME, suggesting that VlvEC produced NO inhibits VIC activation. Withdrawal of l-NAME after 3, 5, and 7 days with restoration of VlvEC NO production for 2 additional days led to a partial reversal of VIC activation (~25% decrease). A potential mechanism by which VlvEC produced NO reduced VIC activation was studied by inhibiting initial and mid-stage cGMP pathway molecules. Inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) with ODQ or protein kinase G (PKG) with RBrcGMP or stimulation of Rho kinase (ROCK) with LPA, abolished VlvEC effects on VIC activation. This work contributes substantially to the understanding of the valve endothelium's role in preventing VIC functions associated with aortic valve stenosis initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Gould
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Emily E Matherly
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Jennifer N Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - Donald D Heistad
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Health Care, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The BioFrontiers Institute, Boulder, CO 80303, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA.
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Thomas P, Pang Y. Protective actions of progesterone in the cardiovascular system: potential role of membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) in mediating rapid effects. Steroids 2013; 78:583-8. [PMID: 23357432 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The protective functions of progesterone in the cardiovascular system have received little attention even though evidence has accumulated that progesterone lowers blood pressure, inhibits coronary hyperactivity and has powerful vasodilatory and natriuretic effects. One possible reason why potential beneficial actions of progesterone on cardiovascular functions have not been extensively studied is that divergent effects to those of progesterone have been observed in many clinical trials with synthetic progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate which are associated with increased risk of coronary disease. Evidence that progesterone exerts protective effects on cardiovascular functions is briefly reviewed. The finding that progesterone administration decreases blood vessel vasoconstriction in several animal models within a few minutes suggests that rapid, nongenomic progesterone mechanisms are of physiological importance in regulating vascular tone. Rapid activation of second messenger pathways by progesterone has been observed in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, resulting in alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and calcium influx, respectively. Both nuclear progesterone receptors (PRs) and novel membrane progesterone receptors (mPRs) are candidates for the intermediaries in these rapid, cell-surface initiated progesterone actions in endothelial and smooth muscle vascular cells. PRs have been detected in both cell types. New data are presented showing mPRα, mPRβ and mPRγ are also present in human endothelial and smooth muscle vascular cells. Preliminary evidence suggests mPRs mediate rapid progestin signaling in these endothelial cells, resulting in down-regulation of cAMP production and increased nitric oxide synthesis. The role of mPRs in progesterone regulation of cardiovascular functions warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Thomas
- University of Texas at Austin, 750 Channel View Drive, Port Aransas, TX 78373, USA.
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Juni RP, Duckers HJ, Vanhoutte PM, Virmani R, Moens AL. Oxidative stress and pathological changes after coronary artery interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013; 61:1471-81. [PMID: 23500310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress greatly influences the pathogenesis of various cardiovascular disorders. Coronary interventions, including balloon angioplasty and coronary stent implantation, are associated with increased vascular levels of reactive oxygen species in conjunction with altered endothelial cell and smooth muscle cell function. These alterations potentially lead to restenosis, thrombosis, or endothelial dysfunction in the treated artery. Therefore, the understanding of the pathophysiological role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during or after coronary interventions, or both, is essential to improve the success rate of these procedures. Superoxide O2(·-) anions, whether derived from uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, xanthine oxidase, or mitochondria, are among the most harmful ROS. O2(·-) can scavenge nitric oxide, modify proteins and nucleotides, and induce proinflammatory signaling, which may lead to greater ROS production. Current innovations in stent technologies, including biodegradable stents, nitric oxide donor-coated stents, and a new generation of drug-eluting stents, therefore address persistent oxidative stress and reduced nitric oxide bioavailability after percutaneous coronary interventions. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of ROS generation after coronary interventions, the related pathological events-including restenosis, endothelial dysfunction, and stent thrombosis-and possible therapeutic ways forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rio P Juni
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Rogers SC, Zhang X, Azhar G, Luo S, Wei JY. Exposure to high or low glucose levels accelerates the appearance of markers of endothelial cell senescence and induces dysregulation of nitric oxide synthase. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 68:1469-81. [PMID: 23585419 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the hypothesis that aging impairs endothelial cell response to glucose stress, we utilized a human umbilical vein endothelial cell in vitro model in which clinically relevant concentrations of normal (5.5 mM), high (25 mM), and low (1.5mM) glucose were tested. With advancing population doubling, exposure to normal glucose gradually decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activity, resulting in slow, progressive development of markers of cell senescence (by population doubling level [PDL] 44). High or low glucose treatment accelerated the appearance of markers of senescence (by ~PDL 35) along with declines in endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activity. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells exposed to alternating low and high glucose gave even more rapid acceleration in the appearance of markers of senescence (by ~PDL 18) and reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase levels. Thus, exposure to low and high glucose induces earlier appearance of markers of endothelial cell senescence and dysregulation of the nitric oxide synthase gene and protein expression and function. These findings will help to elucidate endothelial dysfunction associated with glucose intolerance and improve future therapy for diabetic seniors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven C Rogers
- Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 629 Jack Stephens Drive, Little Rock, AR 72205.
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Stanley WC, Keehan KH. Update on innovative initiatives for the American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1045-9. [PMID: 23457015 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00082.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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