1
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The role of PGE2 and EP receptors on lung's immune and structural cells; possibilities for future asthma therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 241:108313. [PMID: 36427569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common airway chronic disease with treatments aimed mainly to control the symptoms. Adrenergic receptor agonists, corticosteroids and anti-leukotrienes have been used for decades, and the development of more targeted asthma treatments, known as biological therapies, were only recently established. However, due to the complexity of asthma and the limited efficacy as well as the side effects of available treatments, there is an urgent need for a new generation of asthma therapies. The anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory effects of prostaglandin E2 in asthma are promising, yet complicated by undesirable side effects, such as cough and airway irritation. In this review, we summarize the most important literature on the role of all four E prostanoid (EP) receptors on the lung's immune and structural cells to further dissect the relevance of EP2/EP4 receptors as potential targets for future asthma therapy.
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2
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Mani S, Norel X, Varret M, Bchir S, Ben Anes A, Garrouch A, Tabka Z, Longrois D, Chahed K. Polymorphisms rs2745557 in PTGS2 and rs2075797 in PTGER2 are associated with the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease development in a Tunisian cohort. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 166:102252. [PMID: 33545665 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesized that polymorphisms of genes involved in the prostaglandin pathway could be associated with COPD. In this study we explored the involvement of genetic polymorphisms in PTGS2, PTGER2 and PTGER4 genes in the development and severity of COPD and their effects on plasma concentrations of inflammatory/oxidative stress markers. We identified genotypes of PTGS2, PTGER2 and PTGER4 SNPs in a Tunisian cohort including COPD patients (n = 138) and control subjects (n = 216) using PCR-RFLP and PCR TaqMan. Pulmonary function (FEV1 and FVC) were assessed by plethsmography. PGE2, PGD2 and cytokine plasma (IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, TGF-β) concentrations were measured using ELISA and colorimetric standard methods were used to determine oxidative stress concentrations. Genotype frequencies of rs2745557 in PTGS2 and rs2075797 in PTGER2 were different between COPD cases and controls. There was no correlation between these polymorphisms and lung function parameters. For rs2745557, the A allele frequency was higher in COPD cases than in controls. For rs2075797, carriers of the GG genotype were more frequent in the COPD group than in controls. Only rs2745557 in PTGS2 had an effect on PGD2 and cytokine plasma concentrations. PGD2 was significantly decreased in COPD patients with the GA or AA genotypes. In contrast, IL-18 and NO plasma concentrations were increased in COPD rs2745557 A allele carriers as compared to homozygous GG subjects. Our findings suggest that rs2745557 in PTGS2 and rs2075797 in PTGER2 are associated with COPD development but not with its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Mani
- Sorbonne Paris nord University, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France; Institut supérieur de biotechnologies de Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia; UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Xavier Norel
- Sorbonne Paris nord University, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Varret
- INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France; Université de Paris, France
| | - Sarra Bchir
- Institut supérieur de biotechnologies de Monastir, University of Monastir, Tunisia; UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Anes
- UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Zouhair Tabka
- UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Dan Longrois
- Sorbonne Paris nord University, 93430 Villetaneuse, France; INSERM, UMRS1148, CHU X.Bichat, Paris, France; Université de Paris, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris,Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, DMU PARABOL, Paris, France
| | - Karim Chahed
- UR12ES06, Physiologie de l'exercice et physiopathologie: de l'intégré au moléculaire, Faculté de médecine de Sousse, University of Sousse, Tunisia; Faculté des sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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3
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Insuela DBR, Ferrero MR, Coutinho DDS, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Could Arachidonic Acid-Derived Pro-Resolving Mediators Be a New Therapeutic Strategy for Asthma Therapy? Front Immunol 2020; 11:580598. [PMID: 33362766 PMCID: PMC7755608 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma represents one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide and causes a high global burden of death and disability. In asthmatic patients, the exacerbation and chronification of the inflammatory response are often related to a failure in the resolution phase of inflammation. We reviewed the role of the main arachidonic acid (AA) specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in the resolution of chronic lung inflammation of asthmatics. AA is metabolized by two classes of enzymes, cyclooxygenases (COX), which produce prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxanes, and lypoxygenases (LOX), which form leukotrienes and lipoxins (LXs). In asthma, two primary pro-resolving derived mediators from COXs are PGE2 and the cyclopentenone prostaglandin15-Deoxy-Delta-12,14-PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) while from LOXs are the LXA4 and LXB4. In different models of asthma, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs reduced lung inflammation and remodeling. Furthermore, these SPMs inhibited chemotaxis and function of several inflammatory cells involved in asthma pathogenesis, such as eosinophils, and presented an antiremodeling effect in airway epithelial, smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. In addition, PGE2, 15d-PGJ2, and LXs are all able to induce macrophage reprogramming to an alternative M2 pro-resolving phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Although PGE2 and LXA4 showed some beneficial effects in asthmatic patients, there are limitations to their clinical use, since PGE2 caused side effects, while LXA4 presented low stability. Therefore, despite the strong evidence that these AA-derived SPMs induce resolution of both inflammatory response and tissue remodeling in asthma, safer and more stable analogs must be developed for further clinical investigation of their application in asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Diego de Sá Coutinho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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4
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Impact of A Cargo-Less Liposomal Formulation on Dietary Obesity-Related Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207640. [PMID: 33076522 PMCID: PMC7589567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Current therapeutic options for obesity often require pharmacological intervention with dietary restrictions. Obesity is associated with underlying inflammation due to increased tissue macrophage infiltration, and recent evidence shows that inflammation can drive obesity, creating a feed forward mechanism. Therefore, targeting obesity-induced macrophage infiltration may be an effective way of treating obesity. Here, we developed cargo-less liposomes (UTS-001) using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, DOPC (synthetic phosphatidylcholine) as a single-agent to manage weight gain and related glucose disorders due to high fat diet (HFD) consumption in mice. UTS-001 displayed potent immunomodulatory properties, including reducing resident macrophage number in both fat and liver, downregulating liver markers involved in gluconeogenesis, and increasing marker involved in thermogenesis. As a result, UTS-001 significantly enhanced systemic glucose tolerance in vivo and insulin-stimulated cellular glucose uptake in vitro, as well as reducing fat accumulation upon ad libitum HFD consumption in mice. UTS-001 targets tissue residence macrophages to suppress tissue inflammation during HFD-induced obesity, resulting in improved weight control and glucose metabolism. Thus, UTS-001 represents a promising therapeutic strategy for body weight management and glycaemic control.
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5
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Esser-von Bieren J. Eicosanoids in tissue repair. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:279-288. [PMID: 30680784 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Trauma or infection can result in tissue damage, which needs to be repaired in a well-orchestrated manner to restore tissue function and homeostasis. Lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (termed eicosanoids) play central and versatile roles in the regulation of tissue repair. Here, I summarize the current state-of the-art regarding the functional activities of eicosanoids in tissue repair responses during homeostasis and disease. I also describe how eicosanoids are produced during tissue damage and repair in a time-, cell- and tissue-dependent fashion. In particular, recent insights into the roles of eicosanoids in epithelial barrier repair are reviewed. Furthermore, the distinct roles of different eicosanoids in settings of pathological tissue repair such as chronic wounds, scarring or fibrosis are discussed. Finally, an outlook is provided on how eicosanoids may be targeted by future therapeutic strategies to achieve physiological tissue repair and prevent scarring and loss of tissue function in various disease contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Esser-von Bieren
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, 80802, Munich, Germany
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6
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Osei ET, Noordhoek JA, Hackett TL, Spanjer AIR, Postma DS, Timens W, Brandsma CA, Heijink IH. Interleukin-1α drives the dysfunctional cross-talk of the airway epithelium and lung fibroblasts in COPD. Eur Respir J 2016; 48:359-69. [PMID: 27418555 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01911-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been associated with aberrant epithelial-mesenchymal interactions resulting in inflammatory and remodelling processes. We developed a co-culture model using COPD and control-derived airway epithelial cells (AECs) and lung fibroblasts to understand the mediators that are involved in remodelling and inflammation in COPD.AECs and fibroblasts obtained from COPD and control lung tissue were grown in co-culture with fetal lung fibroblast or human bronchial epithelial cell lines. mRNA and protein expression of inflammatory mediators, pro-fibrotic molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were assessed.Co-culture resulted in the release of pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-8/CXCL8 and heat shock protein (Hsp70) from lung fibroblasts, and decreased expression of ECM molecules (e.g. collagen, decorin) that was not different between control and COPD-derived primary cells. This pro-inflammatory effect was mediated by epithelial-derived IL-1α and increased upon epithelial exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). When exposed to CSE, COPD-derived AECs elicited a stronger IL-1α response compared with control-derived airway epithelium and this corresponded with a significantly enhanced IL-8 release from lung fibroblasts.We demonstrate that, through IL-1α production, AECs induce a pro-inflammatory lung fibroblast phenotype that is further enhanced with CSE exposure in COPD, suggesting an aberrant epithelial-fibroblast interaction in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel T Osei
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jacobien A Noordhoek
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tillie L Hackett
- University of British Columbia, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Dept of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Anita I R Spanjer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, Dept of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkje S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Irene H Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Dept of Pulmonology, Groningen, The Netherlands These two authors contributed equally to this work
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8
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Bonanno A, Albano GD, Siena L, Montalbano AM, Riccobono L, Anzalone G, Chiappara G, Gagliardo R, Profita M, Sala A. Prostaglandin E₂ possesses different potencies in inducing Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Interleukin-8 production in COPD human lung fibroblasts. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 106:11-8. [PMID: 26926362 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We studied the role of PGE2, its biosynthetic enzymes and its receptors, in regulating the functions of lung fibroblasts through the production of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) in COPD subjects. Lung fibroblasts from Control (C) (n=6), Smoker (HS) (n=6) and COPD patients (n=8) were cultured, and basal PGE2, VEGF, and IL-8 measured in supernatants by ELISA. COX-1/COX-2 and EP receptors expression were assessed by western blot and by RT-PCR. Release of VEGF and IL-8 by human fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL-1; lung, diploid, human) was evaluated under different conditions. PGE2, VEGF, and IL-8 levels, COX-2, EP2, and EP4 protein expression and mRNA were increased in COPD when compared to Controls. Low concentrations of synthetic PGE2 increased the release of VEGF in HFL-1, but higher concentrations were needed to induce the release of IL-8. This effect was mimicked by an EP2 agonist and modulated by an EP4 antagonist. In the airways of COPD subjects, fibroblast-derived PGE2 may regulate angiogenesis and inflammation through the production of VEGF and IL-8 respectively, suggesting that the increase in expression of COX-2, EP2 and EP4 observed in COPD fibroblasts may contribute to steering the role of PGE2 from homeostatic to pro-inflammatory.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclooxygenase 2/genetics
- Cyclooxygenase 2/metabolism
- Dinoprostone/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Fibroblasts/drug effects
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Interleukin-8/genetics
- Interleukin-8/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP2 Subtype/metabolism
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/genetics
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP4 Subtype/metabolism
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/genetics
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bonanno
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giusy Daniela Albano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Liboria Siena
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angela Marina Montalbano
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Loredana Riccobono
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giulia Anzalone
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Chiappara
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosalia Gagliardo
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Profita
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy
| | - Angelo Sala
- Institute of Biomedicine and Molecular Immunology "A. Monroy" (IBIM), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Palermo, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Dearth CL, Slivka PF, Stewart SA, Keane TJ, Tay JK, Londono R, Goh Q, Pizza FX, Badylak SF. Inhibition of COX1/2 alters the host response and reduces ECM scaffold mediated constructive tissue remodeling in a rodent model of skeletal muscle injury. Acta Biomater 2016; 31:50-60. [PMID: 26612417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been used as a biologic scaffold material to both reinforce the surgical repair of soft tissue and serve as an inductive template to promote a constructive tissue remodeling response. Success of such an approach is dependent on macrophage-mediated degradation and remodeling of the biologic scaffold. Macrophage phenotype during these processes is a predictive factor of the eventual remodeling outcome. ECM scaffolds have been shown to promote an anti-inflammatory or M2-like macrophage phenotype in vitro that includes secretion of downstream products of cycolooxygenases 1 and 2 (COX1/2). The present study investigated the effect of a common COX1/2 inhibitor (Aspirin) on macrophage phenotype and tissue remodeling in a rodent model of ECM scaffold treated skeletal muscle injury. Inhibition of COX1/2 reduced the constructive remodeling response by hindering myogenesis and collagen deposition in the defect area. The inhibited response was correlated with a reduction in M2-like macrophages in the defect area. The effects of Aspirin on macrophage phenotype were corroborated using an established in vitro macrophage model which showed a reduction in both ECM induced prostaglandin secretion and expression of a marker of M2-like macrophages (CD206). These results raise questions regarding the common peri-surgical administration of COX1/2 inhibitors when biologic scaffold materials are used to facilitate muscle repair/regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE COX1/2 inhibitors such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are routinely administered post-surgically for analgesic purposes. While COX1/2 inhibitors are important in pain management, they have also been shown to delay or diminish the healing process, which calls to question their clinical use for treating musculotendinous injuries. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of a common NSAID, Aspirin, on the constructive remodeling response mediated by an ECM scaffold (UBM) in a rat skeletal muscle injury model. The COX1/2 inhibitor, Aspirin, was found to mitigate the ECM scaffold-mediated constructive remodeling response both in an in vitro co-culture system and an in vivo rat model of skeletal muscle injury. The results presented herein provide data showing that NSAIDs may significantly alter tissue remodeling outcomes when a biomaterial is used in a regenerative medicine/tissue engineering application. Thus, the decision to prescribe NSAIDs to manage the symptoms of inflammation post-ECM scaffold implantation should be carefully considered.
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Prakash YS, Tschumperlin DJ, Stenmark KR. Coming to terms with tissue engineering and regenerative medicine in the lung. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L625-38. [PMID: 26254424 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00204.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases such as emphysema, interstitial fibrosis, and pulmonary vascular diseases cause significant morbidity and mortality, but despite substantial mechanistic understanding, clinical management options for them are limited, with lung transplantation being implemented at end stages. However, limited donor lung availability, graft rejection, and long-term problems after transplantation are major hurdles to lung transplantation being a panacea. Bioengineering the lung is an exciting and emerging solution that has the ultimate aim of generating lung tissues and organs for transplantation. In this article we capture and review the current state of the art in lung bioengineering, from the multimodal approaches, to creating anatomically appropriate lung scaffolds that can be recellularized to eventually yield functioning, transplant-ready lungs. Strategies for decellularizing mammalian lungs to create scaffolds with native extracellular matrix components vs. de novo generation of scaffolds using biocompatible materials are discussed. Strengths vs. limitations of recellularization using different cell types of various pluripotency such as embryonic, mesenchymal, and induced pluripotent stem cells are highlighted. Current hurdles to guide future research toward achieving the clinical goal of transplantation of a bioengineered lung are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
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11
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Boorsma CE, Dekkers BGJ, van Dijk EM, Kumawat K, Richardson J, Burgess JK, John AE. Beyond TGFβ--novel ways to target airway and parenchymal fibrosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2014; 29:166-80. [PMID: 25197006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Within the lungs, fibrosis can affect both the parenchyma and the airways. Fibrosis is a hallmark pathological change in the parenchyma in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), whilst in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) fibrosis is a component of the remodelling of the airways. In the past decade, significant advances have been made in understanding the disease behaviour and pathogenesis of parenchymal and airway fibrosis and as a result a variety of novel therapeutic targets for slowing or preventing progression of these fibrotic changes have been identified. This review highlights a number of these targets and discusses the potential for treating parenchymal or airway fibrosis through these mediators/pathways in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Boorsma
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology, and Targeting, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B G J Dekkers
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E M van Dijk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Kumawat
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Richardson
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, QMC Campus, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - J K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - A E John
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, City Campus, Nottingham NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
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Timmons BC, Reese J, Socrate S, Ehinger N, Paria BC, Milne GL, Akins ML, Auchus RJ, McIntire D, House M, Mahendroo M. Prostaglandins are essential for cervical ripening in LPS-mediated preterm birth but not term or antiprogestin-driven preterm ripening. Endocrinology 2014; 155:287-98. [PMID: 24189143 PMCID: PMC3868800 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Globally, an estimated 13 million preterm babies are born each year. These babies are at increased risk of infant mortality and life-long health complications. Interventions to prevent preterm birth (PTB) require an understanding of processes driving parturition. Prostaglandins (PGs) have diverse functions in parturition, including regulation of uterine contractility and tissue remodeling. Our studies on cervical remodeling in mice suggest that although local synthesis of PGs are not increased in term ripening, transcripts encoding PG-endoperoxide synthase 2 (Ptgs2) are induced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated premature ripening. This study provides evidence for two distinct pathways of cervical ripening: one dependent on PGs derived from paracrine or endocrine sources and the other independent of PG actions. Cervical PG levels are increased in LPS-treated mice, a model of infection-mediated PTB, consistent with increases in PG synthesizing enzymes and reduction in PG-metabolizing enzymes. Administration of SC-236, a PTGS2 inhibitor, along with LPS attenuated cervical softening, consistent with the essential role of PGs in LPS-induced ripening. In contrast, during term and preterm ripening mediated by the antiprogestin, mifepristone, cervical PG levels, and expression of PG synthetic and catabolic enzymes did not change in a manner that supports a role for PGs. These findings in mice, supported by correlative studies in women, suggest PGs do not regulate all aspects of the parturition process. Additionally, it suggests a need to refocus current strategies toward developing therapies for the prevention of PTB that target early, pathway-specific processes rather than focusing on common late end point mediators of PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda C Timmons
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences (B.C.T., M.L.A., D.M., M.M.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235; Department of Pediatrics, Cell, and Developmental Biology (J.R., N.E., B.C.P.) and Eicosanoid Core Laboratory (G.L.M.), Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37221; Department of Mechanical Engineering (S.S.), Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307; Department of Internal Medicine (R.J.A.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.H.), Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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Slivka PF, Dearth CL, Keane TJ, Meng FW, Medberry CJ, Riggio RT, Reing JE, Badylak SF. Fractionation of an ECM hydrogel into structural and soluble components reveals distinctive roles in regulating macrophage behavior. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:1521-34. [DOI: 10.1039/c4bm00189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from mammalian tissues has been utilized to repair damaged or missing tissue and improve healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. F. Slivka
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
| | - C. L. Dearth
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh
| | - T. J. Keane
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Pittsburgh
| | - F. W. Meng
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
| | - C. J. Medberry
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Bioengineering
- University of Pittsburgh
| | - R. T. Riggio
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
- Sanford School of Medicine
- University of South Dakota
| | - J. E. Reing
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
| | - S. F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
- University of Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh, USA
- Department of Surgery
- University of Pittsburgh
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Prakash YS. Airway smooth muscle in airway reactivity and remodeling: what have we learned? Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 305:L912-33. [PMID: 24142517 PMCID: PMC3882535 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00259.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now established that airway smooth muscle (ASM) has roles in determining airway structure and function, well beyond that as the major contractile element. Indeed, changes in ASM function are central to the manifestation of allergic, inflammatory, and fibrotic airway diseases in both children and adults, as well as to airway responses to local and environmental exposures. Emerging evidence points to novel signaling mechanisms within ASM cells of different species that serve to control diverse features, including 1) [Ca(2+)]i contractility and relaxation, 2) cell proliferation and apoptosis, 3) production and modulation of extracellular components, and 4) release of pro- vs. anti-inflammatory mediators and factors that regulate immunity as well as the function of other airway cell types, such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These diverse effects of ASM "activity" result in modulation of bronchoconstriction vs. bronchodilation relevant to airway hyperresponsiveness, airway thickening, and fibrosis that influence compliance. This perspective highlights recent discoveries that reveal the central role of ASM in this regard and helps set the stage for future research toward understanding the pathways regulating ASM and, in turn, the influence of ASM on airway structure and function. Such exploration is key to development of novel therapeutic strategies that influence the pathophysiology of diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, 4-184 W Jos SMH, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905.
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Van Ly D, De Pedro M, James P, Morgan L, Black JL, Burgess JK, Oliver BGG. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase 4 modulates cytokine induction from toll like receptor activated, but not rhinovirus infected, primary human airway smooth muscle. Respir Res 2013; 14:127. [PMID: 24237854 PMCID: PMC3832400 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Virus-induced exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) are a significant health burden and occur even in those receiving the best current therapies. Rhinovirus (RV) infections are responsible for half of all COPD exacerbations. The mechanism by which exacerbations occur remains undefined, however it is likely to be due to virus-induced inflammation. Given that phophodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors have an anti-inflammatory effect in patients with COPD they present a potential therapy prior to, and during, these exacerbations. Methods In the present study we investigated whether the PDE4 inhibitor piclamilast (10-6 M) could alter RV or viral mimetic (5 μg/mL of imiquimod or poly I:C) induced inflammation and RV replication in primary human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) and bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). The mediators IL-6, IL-8, prostaglandin E2 and cAMP production were assayed by ELISA and RV replication was assayed by viral titration. Results We found that in ASMCs the TLR3 agonist poly I:C induced IL-8 release was reduced while induced IL-6 release by the TLR7/8 agonist imiquimod was further increased by the presence of piclamilast. However, in RV infected ASMCs, virus replication and induced mediator release were unaltered by piclamilast, as was also found in HBECs. The novel findings of this study reveal that although PDE inhibitors may not influence RV-induced cytokine production in ASMCs and replication in either ASMCs or HBECs, they have the capacity to be anti-inflammatory during TLR activation by modulating the induction of these chemotactic cytokines. Conclusion By extrapolating our in vitro findings to exacerbations of COPD in vivo this suggests that PDE4 inhibitors may have beneficial anti-inflammatory properties when patients are infected with bacteria or viruses other than RV.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Van Ly
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia.
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Larsson-Callerfelt AK, Hallgren O, Andersson-Sjöland A, Thiman L, Björklund J, Kron J, Nihlberg K, Bjermer L, Löfdahl CG, Westergren-Thorsson G. Defective alterations in the collagen network to prostacyclin in COPD lung fibroblasts. Respir Res 2013; 14:21. [PMID: 23406566 PMCID: PMC3585859 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostacyclin analogs are potent vasodilators and possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of prostacyclin on extracellular matrix (ECM) in COPD is not well known. Collagen fibrils and proteoglycans are essential ECM components in the lung and fibroblasts are key players in regulating the homeostasis of ECM proteins. The aim was to study the synthesis of prostacyclin and its effect on fibroblast activity and ECM production, and in particular collagen I and the collagen-associated proteoglycans biglycan and decorin. METHODS Parenchymal lung fibroblasts were isolated from lungs from COPD patients (GOLD stage IV) and from lungs and transbronchial biopsies from control subjects. The prostacyclin analog iloprost was used to study the effect of prostacyclin on ECM protein synthesis, migration, proliferation and contractile capacity of fibroblasts. RESULTS TGF-β1 stimulation significantly increased prostacyclin synthesis in fibroblasts from COPD patients (p < 0.01), but showed no effect on fibroblasts from control subjects. Collagen I synthesis was decreased by iloprost in both control and COPD fibroblasts (p < 0.05). Conversely, iloprost significantly altered biglycan and decorin synthesis in control fibroblasts, but iloprost displayed no effect on these proteoglycans in COPD fibroblasts. Proliferation rate was reduced (p < 0.05) and contractile capacity was increased in COPD fibroblasts (p < 0.05) compared to control fibroblasts. Iloprost decreased proliferative rate in control fibroblasts (p < 0.05), whereas iloprost attenuated contraction capacity in both COPD (p < 0.01) and control fibroblasts (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Iloprost reduced collagen I synthesis and fibroblast contractility but did not affect the collagen-associated proteoglycans or proliferation rate in fibroblasts from COPD patients. Enhanced prostacyclin production could lead to improper collagen network fibrillogenesis and a more emphysematous lung structure in severe COPD patients.
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