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Qu X, Yang R, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. Astrocytes-Secreted WNT5B Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier Via ROR1/JNK/c-JUN Cascade During Meningitic Escherichia Coli Infection. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04303-4. [PMID: 38896157 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04303-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex structure that separates the central nervous system (CNS) from the peripheral blood circulation. Effective communication between different cell types within the BBB is crucial for its proper functioning and maintenance of homeostasis. In this study, we demonstrate that meningitic Escherichia coli (E. coli)-induced WNT5B plays a role in facilitating intercellular communication between astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). We discovered that astrocytes-derived WNT5B activates the non-canonical WNT signaling pathway JNK/c-JUN in BMECs through its receptor ROR1, leading to inhibition of ZO-1 expression and impairment of the tight junction integrity in BMECs. Notably, our findings reveal that c-JUN, a transcription factor, directly regulates ZO-1 expression. By employing a dual luciferase reporting system and chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques, we identified specific binding sites of c-JUN on the ZO-1 promoter region. Overall, our study highlights the involvement of WNT5B in mediating intercellular communication between astrocytes and BMECs, provides insights into the role of WNT5B in meningitic E. coli-induced disruption of BBB integrity, and suggests potential therapeutic targeting of WNT5B as a strategy to address BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Qu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ruicheng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Tan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan, 430070, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Animal Biopharmaceuticals, The Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China (MOE), Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Li P, Han X, Li J, Wang Y, Cao Y, Wu W, Liu X. Aerobic exercise training engages the canonical wnt pathway to improve pulmonary function and inflammation in COPD. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:236. [PMID: 38745304 PMCID: PMC11095004 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We studied whether the exercise improves cigarette smoke (CS) induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in mice through inhibition of inflammation mediated by Wnt/β-catenin-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ signaling. METHODS Firstly, we observed the effect of exercise on pulmonary inflammation, lung function, and Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ. A total of 30 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the control group (CG), smoke group (SG), low-intensity exercise group (LEG), moderate-intensity exercise group (MEG), and high-intensity exercise group (HEG). All the groups, except for CG, underwent whole-body progressive exposure to CS for 25 weeks. Then, we assessed the maximal exercise capacity of mice from the LEG, MEG, and HEG, and performed an 8-week treadmill exercise intervention. Then, we used LiCl (Wnt/β-catenin agonist) and XAV939 (Wnt/β-catenin antagonist) to investigate whether Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ pathway played a role in the improvement of COPD via exercise. Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 6 per group): CG, SG, LiCl group, LiCl and exercise group, XAV939 group, and XAV939 and exercise group. Mice except those in the CG were exposed to CS, and those in the exercise groups were subjected to moderate-intensity exercise training. All the mice were subjected to lung function test, lung histological assessment, and analysis of inflammatory markers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as detection of Wnt1, β-catenin and PPARγ proteins in the lung tissue. RESULTS Exercise of various intensities alleviated lung structural changes, pulmonary function and inflammation in COPD, with moderate-intensity exercise exhibiting significant and comprehensive effects on the alleviation of pulmonary inflammation and improvement of lung function. Low-, moderate-, and high-intensity exercise decreased β-catenin levels and increased those of PPARγ significantly, and only moderate-intensity exercise reduced the level of Wnt1 protein. Moderate-intensity exercise relieved the inflammation aggravated by Wnt agonist. Wnt antagonist combined with moderate-intensity exercise increased the levels of PPARγ, which may explain the highest improvement of pulmonary function observed in this group. CONCLUSIONS Exercise effectively decreases COPD pulmonary inflammation and improves pulmonary function. The beneficial role of exercise may be exerted through Wnt/β-catenin-PPARγ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China.
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Wang K, Li Y. Signaling pathways and targeted therapeutic strategies for polycystic ovary syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191759. [PMID: 37929034 PMCID: PMC10622806 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. Although promising strides have been made in the field of PCOS over the past decades, the distinct etiologies of this syndrome are not fully elucidated. Prenatal factors, genetic variation, epigenetic mechanisms, unhealthy lifestyles, and environmental toxins all contribute to the development of this intricate and highly heterogeneous metabolic, endocrine, reproductive, and psychological disorder. Moreover, interactions between androgen excess, insulin resistance, disruption to the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary (HPO) axis, and obesity only make for a more complex picture. In this review, we investigate and summarize the related molecular mechanisms underlying PCOS pathogenesis from the perspective of the level of signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, TGF-β/Smads, Wnt/β-catenin, and Hippo/YAP. Additionally, this review provides an overview of prospective therapies, such as exosome therapy, gene therapy, and drugs based on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and natural compounds. By targeting these aberrant pathways, these interventions primarily alleviate inflammation, insulin resistance, androgen excess, and ovarian fibrosis, which are typical symptoms of PCOS. Overall, we hope that this paper will pave the way for better understanding and management of PCOS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- Department of General Practice, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Chen Y, Zou P, Bu C, Jiang Q, Xue L, Bao J, Zhang T. Upregulated CXCL8 in placenta accreta spectruma regulates the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:8189-8199. [PMID: 37563526 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is mainly characterized by excessive invasion of the uterine muscle layer accompanied by a large number of foreign blood vessels, leading to severe bleeding during and after delivery. However, the mechanism of excessive invasion of nutrient cells in placenta accreta is currently unclear. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing of 6 PAS patients and 4 control donors, coupled with Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The mRNA and protein expression of C-X-C motif ligand 8 (CXCL8) in the placental tissue was measured by qRT‒PCR, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. HTR-8/SVneo human villous trophoblast Neo cells were used for in vitro investigation of cell migration and invasion as well as the expression level of CXCL8. RESULTS A total of 1120 differentially expressed mRNAs were identified in PAS patients. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses indicated that the differentially expressed mRNAs were most closely associated with immune system processes, biological adhesion and Wnt signaling pathway. The CXCL8 mRNA and protein levels in PAS tissue were significantly higher than those in normal placental tissue. Forced overexpression of CXCL8 significantly increased the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, accompanied by the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the downregulation of E-cadherin, which was reversed by knockdown of CXCL8. CONCLUSIONS CXCL8 was highly expressed in PAS, and knockdown of CXCL8 suppressed the migration and invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic target for PAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuejuan Chen
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Ping Zou
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Chaozhi Bu
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Qianying Jiang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Lili Xue
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China
| | - Junfeng Bao
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
| | - Ting Zhang
- Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, China.
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Ciminieri C, Woest ME, Reynaert NL, Heijink IH, Wardenaar R, Spierings DCJ, Brandsma CA, Königshoff M, Gosens R. IL-1β Induces a Proinflammatory Fibroblast Microenvironment that Impairs Lung Progenitors' Function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:444-455. [PMID: 36608844 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0209oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a persistent inflammatory state in the lungs and defective tissue repair. Although the inflammatory response in patients with COPD is well characterized and known to be exaggerated during exacerbations, its contribution to lung injury and abnormal repair is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate how the inflammatory microenvironment affects the epithelial progenitors and their supporting mesenchymal niche cells involved in tissue repair of the distal lung. We focused on IL-1β, a key inflammatory mediator that is increased during exacerbations of COPD, and used an organoid model of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts to assess the effect of IL-1β treatment on these cells' transcriptome and secreted factors. Whereas direct treatment of the lung organoids with IL-1β promoted organoid growth, this switched toward inhibition when it was added as fibroblast pretreatment followed by organoid treatment. We then investigated the IL-1β-driven mechanisms in the fibroblasts and found an inflammatory response related to (C-X-C motif) ligand (CXCL) chemokines; we confirmed that these chemokines were responsible for the impaired organoid growth and found that targeting their C-X-C chemokine receptors 1/2 (CXCR1/2) receptors or the IL-1β intracellular signaling reduced the proinflammatory response and restored organoid growth. These data demonstrate that IL-1β alters the fibroblasts' state by promoting a distinct inflammatory response, switching their supportive function on epithelial progenitors toward an inhibitory one in an organoid assay. These results imply that chronic inflammation functions as a shift toward inhibition of repair, thereby contributing to chronic inflammatory diseases like COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Ciminieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
| | - Manon E Woest
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Aquilo BV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands; and
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
- Groningen Department of Pulmonary Diseases, and
| | - René Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
- Groningen Department of Pathology and Medical Biology
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD
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Mechanistic Interrogation of Cell Transformation In Vitro: The Transformics Assay as an Exemplar of Oncotransformation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147603. [PMID: 35886950 PMCID: PMC9321586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Transformics Assay is an in vitro test which combines the BALB/c 3T3 Cell Transformation Assay (CTA) with microarray transcriptomics. It has been shown to improve upon the mechanistic understanding of the CTA, helping to identify mechanisms of action leading to chemical-induced transformation thanks to RNA extractions in specific time points along the process of in vitro transformation. In this study, the lowest transforming concentration of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) has been tested in order to find molecular signatures of initial events relevant for oncotransformation. Application of Enrichment Analysis (Metacore) to the analyses of the results facilitated key biological interpretations. After 72 h of exposure, as a consequence of the molecular initiating event of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, there is a cascade of cellular events and microenvironment modification, and the immune and inflammatory responses are the main processes involved in cell response. Furthermore, pathways and processes related to cell cycle regulation, cytoskeletal adhesion and remodeling processes, cell differentiation and transformation were observed.
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Dittmann KH, Mayer C, Stephan H, Mieth C, Bonin M, Lechmann B, Rodemann HP. Exposure of primary osteoblasts to combined magnetic and electric fields induced spatiotemporal endochondral ossification characteristic gene- and protein expression profiles. J Exp Orthop 2022; 9:39. [PMID: 35499653 PMCID: PMC9061914 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Molecular processes in primary osteoblasts were analyzed in response to magnetic and electric field exposure to examine its potential impact on bone healing. Methods Primary osteoblasts were exposed to a combination of a magnetic field and an additional electric field (EFMF) (20 Hz, 700 mV, 5 mT, continuous sinusoids) in vitro. mRNA- and protein-expressions were assessed during a time interval of 21 days and compared with expression data obtained from control osteoblasts. Results We observed an autonomous osteoblast differentiation process in vitro under the chosen cultivation conditions. The initial proliferative phase was characterized by a constitutively high mRNA expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Concurrent EFMF exposure resulted in significanly increased cell proliferation (fold change: 1.25) and reduced mRNA-expressions of matrix components (0.5–0.75). The following reorganization of the extracellular matrix is prerequisite for matrix mineralization and is characterised by increased Ca2+ deposition (1.44). On molecular level EFMF exposure led to a significant decreased thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) mRNA- (0.81) and protein- (0.54) expression, which in turn reduced the TGFß1-dependent mRNA- (0.68) and protein- (0.5) expression of transforming growth factor beta induced (ßIG-H3) significantly, an inhibitor of endochondral ossification. Consequently, EFMF exposure stimulated the expression of genes characteristic for endochondral ossification, such as collagen type 10, A1 (1.50), osteopontin (1.50) and acellular communication network factor 3 (NOV) (1.45). Conclusions In vitro exposure of osteoblasts to EFMF supports cell differentiation and induces gene- and protein-expression patterns characteristic for endochondral ossification during bone fracture healing in vivo. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40634-022-00477-9.
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Guntur VP, Manka LA, Moore CM, Wynn E, Vladar EK, Alam R, Pham TH, Fingerlin TE, Martin RJ. Refractory neutrophilic asthma and ciliary genes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1970-1980. [PMID: 35034774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Refractory asthma (RA) remains poorly controlled, resulting in high health care utilization despite guideline-based therapies. Patients with RA manifest higher neutrophilia as a result of increased airway inflammation and subclinical infection, the underlying mechanisms of which remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize and clinically correlate gene expression differences between refractory and nonrefractory (NR) asthma to uncover molecular mechanisms driving group distinctions. METHODS Microarray gene expression of paired airway epithelial brush and endobronchial biopsy samples was compared between 60 RA and 30 NR subjects. Subjects were hierarchically clustered to identify subgroups of RA, and biochemical and clinical traits (airway inflammatory molecules, respiratory pathogens, chest imaging) were compared between groups. Weighted gene correlation network analysis was used to identify coexpressed gene modules. Module expression scores were compared between groups using linear regression, controlling for age, sex, and body mass index. RESULTS Differential gene expression analysis showed upregulation of proneutrophilic and downregulation of ciliary function genes/pathways in RA compared to NR. A subgroup of RA with downregulated ciliary gene expression had increased levels of subclinical infections, airway neutrophilia, and eosinophilia as well as higher chest imaging mucus burden compared to other RA, the dominant differences between RA and NR. Weighted gene correlation network analysis identified gene modules related to ciliary function, which were downregulated in RA and were associated with lower pulmonary function and higher airway wall thickness/inflammation, markers of poorer asthma control. CONCLUSIONS Identification of a novel ciliary-deficient subgroup of RA suggests that diminished mucociliary clearance may underlie repeated asthma exacerbations despite adequate treatment, necessitating further exploration of function, mechanism, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi P Guntur
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo.
| | - Laurie A Manka
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Camille M Moore
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Elizabeth Wynn
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Eszter K Vladar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, and the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colo
| | - Rafeul Alam
- The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Division of Allergy and Immunology, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
| | - Tuyet-Hang Pham
- Translational Science & Experimental Medicine, Research & Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg
| | - Tasha E Fingerlin
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colo
| | - Richard J Martin
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo; The NJH Cohen Family Asthma Institute, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colo
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Suthon S, Perkins RS, Bryja V, Miranda-Carboni GA, Krum SA. WNT5B in Physiology and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667581. [PMID: 34017835 PMCID: PMC8129536 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WNT5B, a member of the WNT family of proteins that is closely related to WNT5A, is required for cell migration, cell proliferation, or cell differentiation in many cell types. WNT5B signals through the non-canonical β-catenin-independent signaling pathway and often functions as an antagonist of canonical WNT signaling. Although WNT5B has a high amino acid identity with WNT5A and is often assumed to have similar activities, WNT5B often exhibits unique expression patterns and functions. Here, we describe the distinct effects and mechanisms of WNT5B on development, bone, adipose tissue, cardiac tissue, the nervous system, the mammary gland, the lung and hematopoietic cells, compared to WNT5A. We also highlight aberrances in non-canonical WNT5B signaling contributing to diseases such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neuropathology, and chronic diseases associated with aging, as well as various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Suthon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Rachel S Perkins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Gustavo A Miranda-Carboni
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Susan A Krum
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Lopez-Bergami P, Barbero G. The emerging role of Wnt5a in the promotion of a pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 39:933-952. [PMID: 32435939 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-020-09878-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Wnt5a is the prototypical activator of the non-canonical Wnt pathways, and its overexpression has been implicated in the progression of several tumor types by promoting cell motility, invasion, EMT, and metastasis. Recent evidences have revealed a novel role of Wnt5a in the phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 and the activation of the NF-κB pathway in cancer cells. In this article, we review the molecular mechanisms and mediators defining a Wnt5a/NF-κB signaling pathway and propose that the aberrant expression of Wnt5a in some tumors drives a Wnt5a/NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 positive feedback loop that amplifies the effects of Wnt5a. The evidences discussed here suggest that Wnt5a has a double effect on the tumor microenvironment. First, it activates an autocrine ROR1/Akt/p65 pathway that promotes inflammation and chemotaxis of immune cells. Then, Wnt5a activates a TLR/MyD88/p50 pathway exclusively in myelomonocytic cells promoting the synthesis of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and a tolerogenic phenotype. As a result of these mechanisms, Wnt5a plays a negative role on immune cell function that contributes to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and would contribute to resistance to immunotherapy. Finally, we summarized the development of different strategies targeting either Wnt5a or the Wnt5a receptor ROR1 that can be helpful for cancer therapy by contributing to generate a more immunostimulatory tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Lopez-Bergami
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimonides, Hidalgo 775, Buenos Aires, Argentina. .,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Gastón Barbero
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos, Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimonides, Hidalgo 775, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hu Y, Ciminieri C, Hu Q, Lehmann M, Königshoff M, Gosens R. WNT Signalling in Lung Physiology and Pathology. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:305-336. [PMID: 34463851 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The main physiological function of the lung is gas exchange, mediated at the interface between the alveoli and the pulmonary microcapillary network and facilitated by conducting airway structures that regulate the transport of these gases from and to the alveoli. Exposure to microbial and environmental factors such as allergens, viruses, air pollution, and smoke contributes to the development of chronic lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and lung cancer. Respiratory diseases as a cluster are the commonest cause of chronic disease and of hospitalization in children and are among the three most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the adult population worldwide. Many of these chronic respiratory diseases are associated with inflammation and structural remodelling of the airways and/or alveolar tissues. They can often only be treated symptomatically with no disease-modifying therapies that normalize the pathological tissue destruction driven by inflammation and remodelling. In search for novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases, several lines of evidence revealed the WNT pathway as an emerging target for regenerative strategies in the lung. WNT proteins, their receptors, and signalling effectors have central regulatory roles under (patho)physiological conditions underpinning lung function and (chronic) lung diseases and we summarize these roles and discuss how pharmacological targeting of the WNT pathway may be utilized for the treatment of chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Chiara Ciminieri
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Qianjiang Hu
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Lung Repair and Regeneration Unit, Helmholtz-Zentrum Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany. .,Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Woldhuis RR, de Vries M, Timens W, van den Berge M, Demaria M, Oliver BGG, Heijink IH, Brandsma CA. Link between increased cellular senescence and extracellular matrix changes in COPD. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L48-L60. [PMID: 32460521 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with features of accelerated aging, including cellular senescence, DNA damage, oxidative stress, and extracellular matrix (ECM) changes. We propose that these features are particularly apparent in patients with severe, early-onset (SEO)-COPD. Whether fibroblasts from COPD patients display features of accelerated aging and whether this is also present in relatively young SEO-COPD patients is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to determine markers of aging in (SEO)-COPD-derived lung fibroblasts and investigate the impact on ECM. Aging hallmarks and ECM markers were analyzed in lung fibroblasts from SEO-COPD and older COPD patients and compared with fibroblasts from matched non-COPD groups (n = 9-11 per group), both at normal culture conditions and upon Paraquat-induced senescence. COPD-related differences in senescence and ECM expression were validated in lung tissue. Higher levels of cellular senescence, including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells (19% for COPD vs. 13% for control) and p16 expression, DNA damage (γ-H2A.X-positive nuclei), and oxidative stress (MGST1) were detected in COPD compared with control-derived fibroblasts. Most effects were also different in SEO-COPD, with SA-β-gal-positive cells only being significant in SEO-COPD vs. matched controls. Lower decorin expression in COPD-derived fibroblasts correlated with higher p16 expression, and this association was confirmed in lung tissue. Paraquat treatment induced cellular senescence along with clear changes in ECM expression, including decorin. Fibroblasts from COPD patients, including SEO-COPD, display higher levels of cellular senescence, DNA damage, and oxidative stress. The association between cellular senescence and ECM expression changes may suggest a link between accelerated aging and ECM dysregulation in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy R Woldhuis
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maaike de Vries
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Timens
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van den Berge
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Demaria
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Brian G G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irene H Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Cellular signalling pathways mediating the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases: an update. Inflammopharmacology 2020; 28:795-817. [PMID: 32189104 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-020-00698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Cho C, Horzempa C, Longo CM, Peters DM, Jones DM, McKeown-Longo PJ. Fibronectin in the Tumor Microenvironment Activates a TLR4-dependent Inflammatory Response in Lung Cancer Cells. J Cancer 2020; 11:3099-3105. [PMID: 32231714 PMCID: PMC7097952 DOI: 10.7150/jca.39771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment of solid tumors plays an essential role in tumor progression. In lung cancer, the stromal cells produce a fibronectin rich extracellular matrix which is known to contribute to both tumor metastasis and drug resistance. Due to its conformational lability, fibronectin is considerably remodeled by the contractile forces of the fibrotic microenvironment within the tumor stroma. As a result, the secondary structure of fibronectin's Type III domains is disrupted and the molecule becomes highly stretched. The contribution/impact of these strained forms of fibronectin on tumor growth and metastasis is not known. In the current study we show that the partially unfolded first Type III domain of fibronectin, III-1c, activates a toll-receptor/NF-κB pathway leading to an increase in the expression of IL-8. Using a 3-D model of tumor-associated extracellular matrix, we demonstrate that lung cancer cells seeded onto this matrix activate a TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway leading to a robust increase in the release of IL-8. Cytokine release by these cells is completely dependent on the presence of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix. These findings suggest that paracrine signaling between the tumor and the stromal myofibroblasts causes a remodeling of the matrix fibronectin into a strained conformation which supports the activation of a TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway resulting in the upregulation of fibro-inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Cho
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Carol Horzempa
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Christine M. Longo
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Donna M. Peters
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - David M. Jones
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
| | - Paula J. McKeown-Longo
- Department of Regenerative & Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208-3479
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15
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de Rezende MM, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Justo GZ, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Gosens R. Divergent effects of Wnt5b on IL-3- and GM-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation. Cell Signal 2019; 67:109507. [PMID: 31857239 PMCID: PMC7116107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The multiple specialized cell types of the hematopoietic system originate from differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and progenitors (HSPC), which can generate both lymphoid and myeloid lineages. The myeloid lineage is preferentially maintained during ageing, but the mechanisms that contribute to this process are incompletely understood. Here, we studied the roles of Wnt5a and Wnt5b, ligands that have previously been linked to hematopoietic stem cell ageing and that are abundantly expressed by both hematopoietic progenitors and bone-marrow derived niche cells. Whereas Wnt5a had no major effects on primitive cell differentiation, Wnt5b had profound and divergent effects on cytokine-induced myeloid differentiation. Remarkably, while IL-3- mediated myeloid differentiation was largely repressed by Wnt5b, GM-CSF-induced myeloid differentiation was augmented. Furthermore, in the presence of IL-3, Wnt5b enhanced HSPC self-renewal, whereas in the presence ofGM-CSF, Wnt5b accelerated differentiation, leading to progenitor cell exhaustion. Our results highlight discrepancies between IL-3 and GM-CSF, and reveal novel effects of Wnt5b on the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mastelaro de Rezende
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Netherlands
| | - John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Netherlands; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Giselle Zenker Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Edgar Julian Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04044-020, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, 79070-900, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713AV, Netherlands.
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16
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Zhang Q, Fan H, Liu H, Jin J, Zhu S, Zhou L, Liu H, Zhang F, Zhan P, Lv T, Song Y. WNT5B exerts oncogenic effects and is negatively regulated by miR-5587-3p in lung adenocarcinoma progression. Oncogene 2019; 39:1484-1497. [PMID: 31666682 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1071-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
WNT5B glycoprotein belongs to the Wnt protein family. Limited investigations revealed a possible role of WNT5B in malignancies, such as triple-negative breast cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, whether WNT5B contributes to the progression of lung adenocarcinoma (LAD) remains unclear. Here, we initially determine that WNT5B is highly expressed in LAD and is positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. Consistently, clinical analysis reveals WNT5B as an independent prognostic biomarker in LAD. Silencing WNT5B suppresses the proliferation of LAD both in vitro and in vivo by interfering G1/S cell-cycle progression and modulating amino acid metabolism, revealing its remarkable oncogenic role in LAD. Of note, we also identified miR-5587-3p as a negative upstream regulator of WNT5B in LAD, which may help develop therapies targeting LAD patients with high WNT5B expression. Taken together, our results revealed an oncogenic role of WNT5B in LAD, which could be a prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target for LAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hang Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongda Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiajia Jin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Suhua Zhu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Zhan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tangfeng Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yong Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Wu X, van Dijk EM, Ng-Blichfeldt JP, Bos IST, Ciminieri C, Königshoff M, Kistemaker LEM, Gosens R. Mesenchymal WNT-5A/5B Signaling Represses Lung Alveolar Epithelial Progenitors. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101147. [PMID: 31557955 PMCID: PMC6829372 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents a worldwide concern with high morbidity and mortality, and is believed to be associated with accelerated ageing of the lung. Alveolar abnormalities leading to emphysema are a key characteristic of COPD. Pulmonary alveolar epithelial type 2 cells (AT2) produce surfactant and function as progenitors for type 1 cells. Increasing evidence shows elevated WNT-5A/B expression in ageing and in COPD that may contribute to the disease process. However, supportive roles for WNT-5A/B in lung regeneration were also reported in different studies. Thus, we explored the role of WNT-5A/B on alveolar epithelial progenitors (AEPs) in more detail. We established a Precision-Cut-Lung Slices (PCLS) model and a lung organoid model by co-culturing epithelial cells (EpCAM+/CD45-/CD31-) with fibroblasts in matrigel in vitro to study the impact of WNT-5A and WNT-5B. Our results show that WNT-5A and WNT-5B repress the growth of epithelial progenitors with WNT-5B preferentially restraining the growth and differentiation of alveolar epithelial progenitors. We provide evidence that both WNT-5A and WNT-5B negatively regulate the canonical WNT signaling pathway in alveolar epithelium. Taken together, these findings reveal the functional impact of WNT-5A/5B signaling on alveolar epithelial progenitors in the lung, which may contribute to defective alveolar repair in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Eline M van Dijk
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - John-Poul Ng-Blichfeldt
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - I Sophie T Bos
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Chiara Ciminieri
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, CO 80045 Aurora, USA.
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, CO 80045 Aurora, USA.
| | - Loes E M Kistemaker
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Aquilo BV, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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18
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Raghavan S, Mehta P, Xie Y, Lei YL, Mehta G. Ovarian cancer stem cells and macrophages reciprocally interact through the WNT pathway to promote pro-tumoral and malignant phenotypes in 3D engineered microenvironments. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:190. [PMID: 31324218 PMCID: PMC6642605 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0666-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune cells such as macrophages are abundantly present within malignant ascites, where they share the microenvironment with ovarian cancer stem cells (CSC). METHODS To mimic this malignant ascites microenvironment, we created a hanging-drop hetero-spheroid model to bring CSCs and macrophages in close association. Within these hetero-spheroids, CD68+ macrophages (derived from U937 or peripheral blood monocytes) make up ~ 20% of the population, while the rest are ovarian cancer cells and ovarian cancer stem cells (derived from the high grade serous ovarian cancer cell line, OVCAR3). RESULTS Our results indicate that CSCs drive the upregulation of M2 macrophage marker CD206 within hetero-spheroids, compared to bulk ovarian cancer cells, implying an inherently more immuno-suppressive program. Moreover, an increased maintenance of elevated aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity is noted within hetero-spheroids that include pre-polarized CD206+ M2 macrophages, implying a reciprocal interaction that drives pro-tumoral activation as well as CSC self-renewal. Consistent with enriched CSCs, we also observe increased levels of pro-tumoral IL-10 and IL-6 cytokines in the CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids. CSC/M2-macrophage hetero-spheroids are also less sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin and are subsequently more invasive in transwell assays. Using inhibitors of WNT secretion in both CSCs and macrophages, we found that CSC-derived WNT ligands drove CD206+ M2 macrophage activation, and that, conversely, macrophage-derived WNT ligands enriched ALDH+ cells within the CSC compartment of hetero-spheroids. Upon examination of specific WNT ligand expression within the monocyte-derived macrophage system, we observed a significant elevation in gene expression for WNT5B. In CSCs co-cultured with macrophages within hetero-spheroids, increases in several WNT ligands were observed, and this increase was significantly inhibited when WNT5B was knocked down in macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our data implies that macrophage- initiated WNT signaling could play a significant role in the maintenance of stemness, and the resulting phenotypes of chemoresistance and invasiveness. Our results indicate paracrine WNT activation during CSC/M2 macrophages interaction constitutes a positive feedback loop that likely contributes to the more aggressive phenotype, which makes the WNT pathway a potential target to reduce the CSC and M2 macrophage compartments in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Pooja Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuying Xie
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science, and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA
| | - Yu L Lei
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine and Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ann Arbor, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Geeta Mehta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Macromolecular Sciences and Engineering, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, North Campus Research Complex, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 28, Room 3044W, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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19
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Wnt signaling in intestinal inflammation. Differentiation 2019; 108:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Barnes JW, Duncan D, Helton S, Hutcheson S, Kurundkar D, Logsdon NJ, Locy M, Garth J, Denson R, Farver C, Vo HT, King G, Kentrup D, Faul C, Kulkarni T, De Andrade JA, Yu Z, Matalon S, Thannickal VJ, Krick S. Role of fibroblast growth factor 23 and klotho cross talk in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2019; 317:L141-L154. [PMID: 31042083 PMCID: PMC6689746 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00246.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrosing interstitial pneumonia that mainly affects the elderly. Several reports have demonstrated that aging is involved in the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of IPF. α-Klotho (KL) has been well characterized as an "age-suppressing" hormone and can provide protection against cellular senescence and oxidative stress. In this study, KL levels were assessed in human plasma and primary lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF-FB) and in lung tissue from mice exposed to bleomycin, which showed significant downregulation when compared with controls. Conversely, transgenic mice overexpressing KL were protected against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Treatment of human lung fibroblasts with recombinant KL alone was not sufficient to inhibit transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced collagen deposition and inflammatory marker expression. Interestingly, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), a proinflammatory circulating protein for which KL is a coreceptor, was upregulated in IPF and bleomycin lungs. To our surprise, FGF23 and KL coadministration led to a significant reduction in fibrosis and inflammation in IPF-FB; FGF23 administration alone or in combination with KL stimulated KL upregulation. We conclude that in IPF downregulation of KL may contribute to fibrosis and inflammation and FGF23 may act as a compensatory antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory mediator via inhibition of TGF-β signaling. Upon restoration of KL levels, the combination of FGF23 and KL leads to resolution of inflammation and fibrosis. Altogether, these data provide novel insight into the FGF23/KL axis and its antifibrotic/anti-inflammatory properties, which opens new avenues for potential therapies in aging-related diseases like IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod W Barnes
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dawn Duncan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Scott Helton
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Samuel Hutcheson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Morgan Locy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jaleesa Garth
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rebecca Denson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Carol Farver
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hai T Vo
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gwendalyn King
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dominik Kentrup
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christian Faul
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joao A De Andrade
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham VA Medical Center , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Zhihong Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Molecular and Translational Biomedicine), University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sadis Matalon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine (Molecular and Translational Biomedicine), University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stefanie Krick
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama , Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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Qu J, Yue L, Gao J, Yao H. Perspectives on Wnt Signal Pathway in the Pathogenesis and Therapeutics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 369:473-480. [PMID: 30952680 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.256222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease with progressive airflow limitation and functional decline. The pathogenic mechanisms for this disease include oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, disturbed protease/antiprotease equilibrium, apoptosis/proliferation imbalance, senescence, autophagy, metabolic reprogramming, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The Wnt signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is abnormal in COPD, including chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema. Furthermore, Wnt signaling has been shown to modulate aforementioned cellular processes involved in COPD. From this perspective, we provide an updated understanding of the crosstalk between Wnt signal and these cellular processes, and highlight the crucial role of the Wnt signal during the development of COPD. We also discuss the potential for targeting the Wnt signal in future translational and pharmacological therapeutics aimed at prevention and treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (J. Q., J. G.); The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (J.Q., J.G.); Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (L.Y.); and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (H.Y.)
| | - Li Yue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (J. Q., J. G.); The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (J.Q., J.G.); Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (L.Y.); and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (H.Y.)
| | - Jian Gao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (J. Q., J. G.); The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (J.Q., J.G.); Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (L.Y.); and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (H.Y.)
| | - Hongwei Yao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (J. Q., J. G.); The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China (J.Q., J.G.); Department of Orthopedics, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island (L.Y.); and Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University Division of Biology and Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island (H.Y.)
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22
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Chan BD, Wong WY, Lee MML, Cho WCS, Yee BK, Kwan YW, Tai WCS. Exosomes in Inflammation and Inflammatory Disease. Proteomics 2019; 19:e1800149. [PMID: 30758141 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201800149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles released by all cell types and involved in local and systemic intercellular communication. In the past decade, research into exosomes has swelled as their important role in the mediation of health and disease has been increasingly established and acknowledged. Exosomes carry a diverse range of cargo including proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids derived from their parental cell that, when delivered to the recipient cell, can confer pathogenic or therapeutic effects through modulation of immunity and inflammation. In this review, the role of exosomes on mediation of immune and inflammatory responses, and their participation in diseases with a significant inflammatory component is discussed. The considerable potential for exosomes in therapy and diagnosis of inflammatory diseases is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Dow Chan
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wing-Yan Wong
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Magnolia Muk-Lan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - William Chi-Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Benjamin K Yee
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yiu Wa Kwan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - William Chi-Shing Tai
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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23
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Meyer IS, Leuschner F. The role of Wnt signaling in the healing myocardium: a focus on cell specificity. Basic Res Cardiol 2018; 113:44. [PMID: 30327885 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-018-0705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Various cell types are involved in the healing process after myocardial infarction (MI). Besides cardiac resident cells (such as cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts and endothelial cells) already present at the lesion site, a massive influx of leukocytes (mainly monocytes and neutrophils) is observed within hours after the ischemic event. So far, little is known about modes of interaction of these cells. Wnt signaling is an evolutionary conserved signaling cassette known to play an important role in cell-cell communication. While the overall reactivation of Wnt signaling upon ischemic injury is well described, the precise expression pattern of Wnt proteins, however, is far from understood. We here describe known Wnt components that partake in MI healing and differentiate cell-specific aspects. The secretion of Wnt proteins and their antagonists in the context of cardiac inflammation after MI appear to be tightly regulated in a spatial-temporal manner. Overall, we aim to stress the importance of elucidating not only Wnt component-specific aspects, but also their sometimes contradicting effects in different target cells. A better understanding of Wnt signaling in MI healing may eventually lead to the development of successful therapeutic approaches in an often considered "un-druggable" pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingmar Sören Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Leuschner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.
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24
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IL-1β induced IL-8 and uPA expression/production of dental pulp cells: Role of TAK1 and MEK/ERK signaling. J Formos Med Assoc 2018; 117:697-704. [PMID: 29709340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in the inflammatory processes of dental pulp. IL-8 and urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) are two inflammatory mediators. However, the role of transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathways in responsible for the effects of IL-1β on IL-8 and uPA expression/secretion of dental pulp cells are not clear. METHODS Human dental pulp cells were exposed to IL-1β with/without pretreatment with 5z-7-oxozeaneaeol (a TAK1 inhibitor) or U0126 (a MEK/ERK inhibitor). TAK1 activation was determined by immunofluorescent staining. The protein expression of IL-8 was tested by western blot. The expression of IL-8 and uPA mRNA was studied by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The secretion of IL-8 and uPA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Exposure of dental pulp cells to IL-1β (0.1-10 ng/ml) stimulated IL-8 and uPA expression. IL-1β also induced IL-8 and uPA secretion of dental pulp cells. IL-1β stimulated p-TAK1 activation of pulp cells. Pretreatment and co-incubation of pulp cells by 5z-7oxozeaenol (1 and 2.5 μM) and U0126 (10 and 20 μM) prevented the IL-1β-induced IL-8 and uPA expression. 5z-7oxozeaenol and U0126 also attenuated the IL-1β-induced IL-8 and uPA secretion. CONCLUSION IL-1β is important in the pathogenesis of pulpal inflammatory diseases and repair via stimulation of IL-8 and uPA expression and secretion. These events are associated with TAK1 and MEK/ERK signaling. Blocking of TAK1 and MEK/ERK signaling has potential to control inflammation of dental pulp.
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25
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Skronska-Wasek W, Gosens R, Königshoff M, Baarsma HA. WNT receptor signalling in lung physiology and pathology. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 187:150-166. [PMID: 29458107 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The WNT signalling cascades have emerged as critical regulators of a wide variety of biological aspects involved in lung development as well as in physiological and pathophysiological processes in the adult lung. WNTs (secreted glycoproteins) interact with various transmembrane receptors and co-receptors to activate signalling pathways that regulate transcriptional as well as non-transcriptional responses within cells. In physiological conditions, the majority of WNT receptors and co-receptors can be detected in the adult lung. However, dysregulation of WNT signalling pathways contributes to the development and progression of chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and lung cancer. The interaction between a WNT and the (co-)receptor(s) present at the cell surface is the initial step in transducing an extracellular signal into an intracellular response. This proximal event in WNT signal transduction with (cell-specific) ligand-receptor interactions is of great interest as a potential target for pharmacological intervention. In this review we highlight the diverse expression of various WNT receptors and co-receptors in the aforementioned chronic lung diseases and discuss the currently available biologicals and pharmacological tools to modify proximal WNT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioletta Skronska-Wasek
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinoud Gosens
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Hoeke Abele Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Research Unit Lung Repair and Regeneration, Helmholtz Center Munich, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Munich, Germany; GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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26
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Mümmler C, Burgy O, Hermann S, Mutze K, Günther A, Königshoff M. Cell-specific expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 contributes to pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2018; 32:703-716. [PMID: 28986417 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700482r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal lung disease with limited therapeutic options and unknown etiology. IPF is characterized by epithelial cell injury, impaired cellular crosstalk between epithelial cells and fibroblasts, and the formation of fibroblast foci with increased extracellular matrix deposition (ECM). We investigated the role of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), a master regulator of bone development that has been linked to profibrotic signaling. RUNX2 expression was up-regulated in lung homogenates from patients with IPF and in experimental bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. The RUNX2 level correlated with disease severity as measured by decreased diffusing capacity and increased levels of the IPF biomarker, matrix metalloproteinase 7. Nuclear RUNX2 was observed in prosurfactant protein C-positive hyperplastic epithelial cells and was rarely found in myofibroblasts. We discovered an up-regulation of RUNX2 in fibrotic alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells as well as an increase of RUNX2-negative fibroblasts in experimental and human pulmonary fibrosis. Functionally, small interfering RNA-mediated RUNX2 knockdown decreased profibrotic ATII cell function, such as proliferation and migration, whereas fibroblasts displayed activation markers and increased ECM expression after RUNX2 knockdown. This study reveals that RUNX2 is differentially expressed in ATII cells vs. fibroblasts in lung fibrosis, which contributes to profibrotic cell function. Cell-specific targeting of RUNX2 pathways may represent a therapeutic approach for IPF.-Mümmler, C., Burgy, O., Hermann, S., Mutze, K., Günther, A., Königshoff, M. Cell-specific expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 contributes to pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Mümmler
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivier Burgy
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Sarah Hermann
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Mutze
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Günther
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Giessen Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Melanie Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig Maximilians University München, Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
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27
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Worst TS, Daskalova K, Steidler A, Berner-Leischner K, Röth R, Niesler B, Kriegmair MC, Erben P, Pfalzgraf D. Impact of Altered WNT2B Expression on Bladder Wall Fibroblasts: Implications for Apoptosis Regulation in the Stroma of the Lower Urinary Tract. Urol Int 2017; 99:476-483. [PMID: 29131138 DOI: 10.1159/000481440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the role of WNT signalling in pathological processes involving the urinary tract stroma. Here the impact of WNT signalling on bladder wall fibroblasts (BWFs) was studied using integrated expression profiling. MATERIAL AND METHODS WNT ligand and downstream WNT pathway component expression was profiled in human BWFs using qRT-PCR. Highly expressed WNT2B was knocked down using siRNA in BWFs. The expression of 730 mRNAs and 800 miRNAs was analyzed on the nCounter MAX platform in #WNT2B and control transfected BWFs. qRT-PCR was used for validation in vitro and in matched scar and healthy bladder wall tissue samples of 12 patients with vesico-urethral anastomotic stricture (VUAS). RESULTS Thirteen genes and 9 miRNAs showed differential expression in #WNT2B cells. Among these were TNFSF10, a key apoptosis inductor, (0.22fold, p = 0.011) and miR-1246 (36.2fold, p = 0.031). miRNA target prediction indicated TNFSF10 to be regulated by miR-1246. qRT-PCR analysis confirmed differential expression of miR-1246 and TNFSF10 in #WNT2B BWFs. Furthermore, TNFSF10 was significantly underexpressed in VUAS tissue (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION Perturbation of WNT signalling results in an altered expression of the apoptosis inductor TNFSF10. Similar changes are observed in VUAS. Further studies investigating the crosslink between WNT signalling and apoptosis regulation in the urinary tract stroma are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stefan Worst
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kristina Daskalova
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annette Steidler
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Karin Berner-Leischner
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Röth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute for Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian C Kriegmair
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Pfalzgraf
- Department of Urology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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28
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Hussain M, Xu C, Lu M, Wu X, Tang L, Wu X. Wnt/β-catenin signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3226-3242. [PMID: 28866134 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic lung development requires reciprocal endodermal-mesodermal interactions; mediated by various signaling proteins. Wnt/β-catenin is a signaling protein that exhibits the pivotal role in lung development, injury and repair while aberrant expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling leads to asthmatic airway remodeling: characterized by hyperplasia and hypertrophy of airway smooth muscle cells, alveolar and vascular damage goblet cells metaplasia, and deposition of extracellular matrix; resulting in decreased lung compliance and increased airway resistance. The substantial evidence suggests that Wnt/β-catenin signaling links embryonic lung development and asthmatic airway remodeling. Here, we summarized the recent advances related to the mechanistic role of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in lung development, consequences of aberrant expression or deletion of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in expansion and progression of asthmatic airway remodeling, and linking early-impaired pulmonary development and airway remodeling later in life. Finally, we emphasized all possible recent potential therapeutic significance and future prospectives, that are adaptable for therapeutic intervention to treat asthmatic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musaddique Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China.
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Xiling Wu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China.
| | - Lanfang Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Children Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310006, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China; The Key Respiratory Drug Research Laboratory of China Food and Drug Administration, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou City 310058, China.
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29
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Distinct Roles of Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3520581. [PMID: 28588349 PMCID: PMC5447271 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3520581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling pathways are tightly controlled under a physiological condition, under which they play key roles in many biological functions, including cell fate specification and tissue regeneration. Increasing lines of evidence recently demonstrated that a dysregulated activation of Wnt signaling, particularly the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, was involved in the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). In this respect, Wnt signaling interacts with other cellular signaling pathways to regulate the initiation and pathogenic procedures of airway inflammation and remodeling, pulmonary myofibroblast proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and development of emphysema. Intriguingly, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is activated in IPF; an inhibition of this signaling leads to an alleviation of pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in experimental models. Conversely, Wnt/β-catenin signaling is inactivated in COPD tissues, and its reactivation results in an amelioration of airspace enlargement with a restored alveolar epithelial structure and function in emphysema models. These studies thus imply distinct mechanisms of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the pathogenesis of these two chronic pulmonary diseases, indicating potential targets for COPD and IPF treatments. This review article aims to summarize the involvement and pathogenic roles of Wnt signaling pathways in the COPD and IPF, with a focus on the implication of Wnt/β-catenin signaling as underlying mechanisms and therapeutic targets in these two incurable diseases.
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30
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Baarsma HA, Königshoff M. 'WNT-er is coming': WNT signalling in chronic lung diseases. Thorax 2017; 72:746-759. [PMID: 28416592 PMCID: PMC5537530 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases represent a major public health problem with only limited therapeutic options. An important unmet need is to identify compounds and drugs that target key molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of chronic lung diseases. Over the last decade, there has been extensive interest in investigating Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling pathways; and WNT signal alterations have been linked to pulmonary disease pathogenesis and progression. Here, we comprehensively review the cumulative evidence for WNT pathway alterations in chronic lung pathologies, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension, asthma and COPD. While many studies have focused on the canonical WNT/β-catenin signalling pathway, recent reports highlight that non-canonical WNT signalling may also significantly contribute to chronic lung pathologies; these studies will be particularly featured in this review. We further discuss recent advances uncovering the role of WNT signalling early in life, the potential of pharmaceutically modulating WNT signalling pathways and highlight (pre)clinical studies describing promising new therapies for chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Baarsma
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - M Königshoff
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, University Hospital Grosshadern, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany.,Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Silencing of Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase 15 Hinders Murine Pulmonary Fibrosis Development. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 6:163-172. [PMID: 28325283 PMCID: PMC5363499 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disorder characterized by interstitial fibrosis, for which no effective treatments are available. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) has been shown to be a mediator, but the specific component of glycosaminoglycan chains of CSPG has not been explored. We show that chondroitin sulfate E-type (CS-E) is involved in fibrogenesis. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting carbohydrate sulfotransferase 15 (CHST15) was designed to inhibit CHST15 mRNA and its product, CS-E. CS-E augments cell contraction and CHST15 siRNA inhibits collagen production. We found that bleomycin treatment increased CHST15 expression in interstitial fibroblasts at day 14. CHST15 siRNA was injected intranasally on days 1, 4, 8, and 11, and CHST15 mRNA was significantly suppressed by day 14. CHST15 siRNA reduced lung CSPG and the grade of fibrosis. CHST15 siRNA repressed the activation of fibroblasts, as evidenced by suppressed expression of α smooth muscle actin (αSMA), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), lysyl oxidase like 2 (LOXL2), and CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Inflammatory infiltrates in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and interstitium were diminished by CHST15 siRNA. These results indicate a pivotal role for CHST15 in fibroblast-mediated lung fibrosis and suggest a possible new therapeutic role for CHST15 siRNA in pulmonary fibrosis.
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32
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Prakash YS. Emerging concepts in smooth muscle contributions to airway structure and function: implications for health and disease. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 311:L1113-L1140. [PMID: 27742732 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00370.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway structure and function are key aspects of normal lung development, growth, and aging, as well as of lung responses to the environment and the pathophysiology of important diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrosis. In this regard, the contributions of airway smooth muscle (ASM) are both functional, in the context of airway contractility and relaxation, as well as synthetic, involving production and modulation of extracellular components, modulation of the local immune environment, cellular contribution to airway structure, and, finally, interactions with other airway cell types such as epithelium, fibroblasts, and nerves. These ASM contributions are now found to be critical in airway hyperresponsiveness and remodeling that occur in lung diseases. This review emphasizes established and recent discoveries that underline the central role of ASM and sets the stage for future research toward understanding how ASM plays a central role by being both upstream and downstream in the many interactive processes that determine airway structure and function in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prakash
- Departments of Anesthesiology, and Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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