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Reuven AD, Mwaura BW, Bliska JB. ExoS Effector in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Hyperactive Type III Secretion System Mutant Promotes Enhanced Plasma Membrane Rupture in Neutrophils. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.24.577040. [PMID: 38328038 PMCID: PMC10849719 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.24.577040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen responsible for a large percentage of airway infections that cause morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, especially those with cystic fibrosis (CF). One important P. aeruginosa virulence factor is a type III secretion system (T3SS) that translocates effectors into host cells. ExoS is a T3SS effector with ADP ribosyltransferase (ADPRT) activity. The ADPRT activity of ExoS promotes P. aeruginosa virulence by inhibiting phagocytosis and limiting the oxidative burst in neutrophils. The P. aeruginosa T3SS also translocates flagellin, which can activate the NLRC4 inflammasome, resulting in: 1) gasdermin-D (GSDMD) pores, release of IL-1β and pyroptosis; and 2) histone 3 citrullination (CitH3) and decondensation and expansion of nuclear DNA into the cytosol. However, recent studies with the P. aeruginosa laboratory strain PAO1 indicate that ExoS ADPRT activity inhibits activation of the NLRC4 inflammasome in neutrophils. Here, an ExoS+ CF clinical isolate of P. aeruginosa with a hyperactive T3SS was identified. Variants of the hyperactive T3SS mutant or PAO1 were used to infect neutrophils from C57BL/6 mice or mice engineered to have a CF genotype or a defect in inflammasome assembly. Responses to NLRC4 inflammasome assembly or ExoS ADPRT activity were assayed, results of which were found to be similar for C57BL/6 or CF neutrophils. The hyperactive T3SS mutant had enhanced resistance to neutrophil killing, like previously identified hypervirulent P. aeruginosa isolates. ExoS ADPRT activity in the hyperactive T3SS mutant regulated inflammasome and nuclear DNA decondensation responses like PAO1 but promoted enhanced CitH3 and plasma membrane rupture (PMR). Glycine supplementation inhibited PMR caused by the hyperactive T3SS mutant, suggesting ninjurin-1 is required for this process. These results identify enhanced neutrophil PMR as a pathogenic activity of ExoS ADPRT in a hypervirulent P. aeruginosa isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna D. Reuven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Bethany W. Mwaura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - James B. Bliska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
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2
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Suzuki T, Boonyaleka K, Okano T, Iida T, Yoshida M, Fukano H, Hoshino Y, Iwakura Y, Ablordey AS, Ashida H. Inflammasome-triggered IL-18 controls skin inflammation in the progression of Buruli ulcer. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011747. [PMID: 37910490 PMCID: PMC10619818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Buruli ulcer is an emerging chronic infectious skin disease caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. Mycolactone, an exotoxin produced by the bacterium, is the only identified virulence factor so far, but the functions of this toxin and the mechanisms of disease progression remain unclear. By interfering Sec61 translocon, mycolactone inhibits the Sec61-dependent co-translational translocation of newly synthesized proteins, such as induced cytokines and immune cell receptors, into the endoplasmic reticulum. However, in regard to IL-1β, which is secreted by a Sec61-independent mechanism, mycolactone has been shown to induce IL-1β secretion via activation of inflammasomes. In this study, we clarified that cytokine induction, including that of IL-1β, in infected macrophages was suppressed by mycolactone produced by M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense, despite the activation of caspase-1 through the inflammasome activation triggered in a manner independent of mycolactone. Intriguingly, mycolactone suppressed the expression of proIL-1β as well as TNF-α at the transcriptional level, suggesting that mycolactone of M. ulcerans subsp. shinshuense may exert additional inhibitory effect on proIL-1β expression. Remarkably, constitutively produced IL-18 was cleaved and mature IL-18 was actually released from macrophages infected with the causative mycobacterium. IL-18-deficient mice infected subcutaneously with M. ulcerans exhibited exacerbated skin inflammation during the course of disease progression. On the other hand, IL-1β controls bacterial multiplication in skin tissues. These results provide information regarding the mechanisms and functions of the induced cytokines in the pathology of Buruli ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Suzuki
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotchakorn Boonyaleka
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tokuju Okano
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamako Iida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsunori Yoshida
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Chiba, Japan
| | - Anthony S. Ablordey
- Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hiroshi Ashida
- Department of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Infection and Host Response, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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3
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Le J, Kulatheepan Y, Jeyaseelan S. Role of toll-like receptors and nod-like receptors in acute lung infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1249098. [PMID: 37662905 PMCID: PMC10469605 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1249098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory system exposed to microorganisms continuously, and the pathogenicity of these microbes not only contingent on their virulence factors, but also the host's immunity. A multifaceted innate immune mechanism exists in the respiratory tract to cope with microbial infections and to decrease tissue damage. The key cell types of the innate immune response are macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. Both the myeloid and structural cells of the respiratory system sense invading microorganisms through binding or activation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs). The recognition of microbes and subsequent activation of PRRs triggers a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of transcription factors, induction of cytokines/5chemokines, upregulation of cell adhesion molecules, recruitment of immune cells, and subsequent microbe clearance. Since numerous microbes resist antimicrobial agents and escape innate immune defenses, in the future, a comprehensive strategy consisting of newer vaccines and novel antimicrobials will be required to control microbial infections. This review summarizes key findings in the area of innate immune defense in response to acute microbial infections in the lung. Understanding the innate immune mechanisms is critical to design host-targeted immunotherapies to mitigate excessive inflammation while controlling microbial burden in tissues following lung infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Le
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Yathushigan Kulatheepan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Samithamby Jeyaseelan
- Laboratory of Lung Biology, Department of Pathobiological Sciences and Center for Lung Biology and Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University (LSU) and Agricultural & Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Department of Medicine, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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4
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Song Z, Bhattacharya S, Huang G, Greenberg ZJ, Yang W, Bagaitkar J, Schuettpelz LG, Dinauer MC. NADPH oxidase 2 limits amplification of IL-1β-G-CSF axis and an immature neutrophil subset in murine lung inflammation. Blood Adv 2023; 7:1225-1240. [PMID: 36103336 PMCID: PMC10111367 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The leukocyte NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) regulates inflammation independent of its antimicrobial activity. Inherited defects in NOX2 lead to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), associated with recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, often with excessive neutrophilic inflammation that results in significant inflammatory burden and tissue damage. We previously showed that excessive leukotriene B4 (LTB4) production by NOX2-deficient mouse neutrophils was a key driver of elevated lung neutrophil infiltration in the initial response to pulmonary challenge with the model fungal particle zymosan. We now identify interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and downstream granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) as critical amplifying signals that augment and sustain neutrophil accrual in CGD mice. Neutrophils, delivered into the lung via LTB4, were the primary source of IL-1β within the airways, and their increased numbers in CGD lungs led to significantly elevated local and plasma G-CSF. Elevated G-CSF simultaneously promoted increased granulopoiesis and mobilized the release of higher numbers of an immature CD101- neutrophil subset from the marrow, which trafficked to the lung and acquired a significantly more proinflammatory transcriptome in CGD mice compared with wild-type mice. Thus, neutrophil-produced IL-1β and downstream G-CSF act sequentially but nonredundantly with LTB4 to deploy neutrophils and amplify inflammation in CGD mice after inhalation of zymosan. NOX2 plays a critical role in dampening multiple components of a feed-forward pipeline for neutrophil recruitment, and these findings highlight NOX2 as a key regulator of neutrophil number, subsets, and function at inflamed sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Zev J. Greenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Juhi Bagaitkar
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Laura G. Schuettpelz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mary C. Dinauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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5
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Hou F, Peng L, Jiang J, Chen T, Xu D, Huang Q, Ye C, Peng Y, Hu DL, Fang R. ATP Facilitates Staphylococcal Enterotoxin O Induced Neutrophil IL-1β Secretion via NLRP3 Inflammasome Dependent Pathways. Front Immunol 2021; 12:649235. [PMID: 34017331 PMCID: PMC8129502 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.649235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important zoonotic food-borne pathogen causing severe invasive infections, such as sepsis, pneumonia, food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome and autoimmune diseases. Staphylococcal enterotoxin O (SEO) is a new type of enterotoxins of S. aureus with superantigenic and emetic activity. However, it is still unclear about SEO-induced host inflammatory response. Therefore, the mechanism of SEO-induced interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion in mouse neutrophils was investigated in this study. Our results showed that recombinant SEO had superantigenic activity with high level of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in mouse spleen cells and induced inflammatory cytokines expression including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in neutrophils under the action of ATP. In addition, SEO-induced IL-1β secretion was dependent on activation of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways. However, SEO-induced IL-1β secretion was abolished in the neutrophils of NLRP3-/- mice compared with those of wild type mice, indicating that activation of NLRP3 inflammasome mediated IL-1β secretion during neutrophils stimulation with SEO under the action of ATP. Moreover, this process of SEO+ATP-induced IL-1β secretion was dependent on potassium (K+) efflux. Taken together, our study suggests that activation of TLR4/JNK/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathway mediate maturation and secretion of IL-1β and provides a new insight on S. aureus virulence factor-induced host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqing Hou
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lianci Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiali Jiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongyi Xu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingyuan Huang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ye
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanyi Peng
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Liang Hu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Zoonoses, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Japan
| | - Rendong Fang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Immunology Research Center, Medical Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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6
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Theprungsirikul J, Skopelja-Gardner S, Burns AS, Wierzbicki RM, Rigby WFC. Bactericidal/Permeability-Increasing Protein Preeminently Mediates Clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa In Vivo via CD18-Dependent Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659523. [PMID: 33981306 PMCID: PMC8107240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection mysteriously occurs in the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis (BE), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the absence of neutrophil dysfunction or neutropenia and is strongly associated with autoimmunity to bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI). Here, we define a critical role for BPI in in vivo immunity against P. aeruginosa. Wild type and BPI-deficient (Bpi-/-) mice were infected with P. aeruginosa, and bacterial clearance, cell infiltrates, cytokine production, and in vivo phagocytosis were quantified. Bpi-/- mice exhibited a decreased ability to clear P. aeruginosa in vivo in concert with increased neutrophil counts and cytokine release. Bpi-/- neutrophils displayed decreased phagocytosis that was corrected by exogenous BPI in vitro. Exogenous BPI also enhanced clearance of P. aeruginosa in Bpi-/- mice in vivo by increasing P. aeruginosa uptake by neutrophils in a CD18-dependent manner. These data indicate that BPI plays an essential role in innate immunity against P. aeruginosa through its opsonic activity and suggest that perturbations in BPI levels or function may contribute to chronic lung infection with P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jomkuan Theprungsirikul
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Sladjana Skopelja-Gardner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Ashley S. Burns
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - Rachel M. Wierzbicki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
| | - William F. C. Rigby
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, United States
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7
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Morimoto N, Okamura Y, Maekawa S, Wang HC, Aoki T, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. ASC-deficiency impairs host defense against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Japanese medaka, Oryzias latipes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 105:427-437. [PMID: 32712229 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain (ASC) is a component of inflammasome, which plays crucial roles in the inflammatory response. In mammals, ASC regulates caspase-1 activation, thereby inducing pyroptosis and producing activated inflammatory cytokines. In addition, ASC also interacts with receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2) and induces nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. However, the role of ASC remains poorly understood in fish. In this study, we focused on elucidating the role of ASC in fish that were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila using Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as fish model, and ASC-knockout (KO) medaka was established using CRISPR-Cas9 system. ASC-KO and wild type (WT) medakas were infected with A. hydrophila, and mortality was observed. ASC-KO medaka demonstrated higher mortality than WT. Moreover, the expression of immune-related genes in the kidney and intestine of the ASC-KO and WT medakas challenged with A. hydrophila were analyzed. Following A. hydrophila infection, the kidney of ASC-KO medaka exhibited significantly lower expression of NF-κB regulated genes (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α) and RIPK2 gene than in WT kidney. Moreover, to investigate the immune response against A. hydrophila via ASC in the medaka, bacterial burden, superoxide anion production, and lactate dehydrogenase release in the kidney cells of ASC-KO medaka were measured. After infection, these responses in ASC-KO medaka were significantly decreased compared to those in WT. These results suggest that the medaka ASC plays a critical role against A. hydrophila infection by inducing inflammatory responses and cell death for bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Morimoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yo Okamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Shun Maekawa
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Han-Ching Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Takashi Aoki
- Integrated Institute for Regulatory Science, Research Organization for Nano and Life Innovation, Waseda University, Waseda Tsurumaki-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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8
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Kay C, Wang R, Kirkby M, Man SM. Molecular mechanisms activating the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome: Implications in infectious disease, autoinflammation, and cancer. Immunol Rev 2020; 297:67-82. [PMID: 32729154 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cytosolic innate immune sensing is a cornerstone of innate immunity in mammalian cells and provides a surveillance system for invading pathogens and endogenous danger signals. The NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome responds to cytosolic flagellin, and the inner rod and needle proteins of the type 3 secretion system of bacteria. This complex induces caspase-1-dependent proteolytic cleavage of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and the pore-forming protein gasdermin D, leading to inflammation and pyroptosis, respectively. Localized responses triggered by the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome are largely protective against bacterial pathogens, owing to several mechanisms, including the release of inflammatory mediators, liberation of concealed intracellular pathogens for killing by other immune mechanisms, activation of apoptotic caspases, caspase-7, and caspase-8, and expulsion of an entire infected cell from the mammalian host. In contrast, aberrant activation of the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome caused by de novo gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding NLRC4 can lead to macrophage activation syndrome, neonatal enterocolitis, fetal thrombotic vasculopathy, familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, and even death. Some of these clinical manifestations could be treated by therapeutics targeting inflammasome-associated cytokines. In addition, the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer, melanoma, glioma, and breast cancer. However, no consensus has been reached on its function in the development of any cancer types. In this review, we highlight the latest advances in the activation mechanisms and structural assembly of the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome, and the functions of this inflammasome in different cell types. We also describe progress toward understanding the role of the NAIP-NLRC4 inflammasome in infectious diseases, autoinflammatory diseases, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callum Kay
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Runli Wang
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Max Kirkby
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Si Ming Man
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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9
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Samir P, Malireddi RKS, Kanneganti TD. The PANoptosome: A Deadly Protein Complex Driving Pyroptosis, Apoptosis, and Necroptosis (PANoptosis). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:238. [PMID: 32582562 PMCID: PMC7283380 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death is regulated by evolutionarily conserved pathways that play critical roles in development and the immune response. A newly recognized pathway for proinflammatory programmed cell death called PANoptosis is controlled by a recently identified cytoplasmic multimeric protein complex named the PANoptosome. The PANoptosome can engage, in parallel, three key modes of programmed cell death—pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. The PANoptosome components have been implicated in a wide array of human diseases including autoinflammatory diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, microbial infections, and metabolic diseases. Here, we review putative components of the PANoptosome and present a phylogenetic analysis of their molecular domains and interaction motifs that support complex assembly. We also discuss genetic data that suggest PANoptosis is coordinated by scaffolding and catalytic functions of the complex components and propose mechanistic models for PANoptosome assembly. Overall, this review presents potential mechanisms governing PANoptosis based on evolutionary analysis of the PANoptosome components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimal Samir
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - R K Subbarao Malireddi
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
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10
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Balázs A, Mall MA. Mucus obstruction and inflammation in early cystic fibrosis lung disease: Emerging role of the IL-1 signaling pathway. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54 Suppl 3:S5-S12. [PMID: 31715090 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mucus plugging constitutes a nutrient-rich nidus for a bacterial infection that has long been recognized as a potent stimulus for neutrophilic airway inflammation driving progressive lung damage in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, mucus plugging and neutrophilic inflammation are already present in many infants and young children with CF even in the absence of detectable bacterial infection. A series of observational studies in young children with CF, as well as investigations in animal models with CF-like lung disease support the concept that mucus plugging per se can trigger inflammation before the onset of airways infection. Here we review emerging evidence suggesting that activation of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling pathway by hypoxic epithelial cell necrosis, leading to the release of IL-1α in mucus-obstructed airways, may be an important mechanistic link between mucus plugging and sterile airway inflammation in early CF lung disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent data from preclinical studies demonstrating that treatment with the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R) antagonist anakinra has anti-inflammatory as well as mucus modulating effects in mice with CF-like lung disease and primary cultures of human CF airway epithelia. Collectively, these studies support an important role of the IL-1 signaling pathway in sterile neutrophilic inflammation and mucus hypersecretion and suggest inhibition of this pathway as a promising anti-inflammatory strategy in patients with CF and potentially other muco-obstructive lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Balázs
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Immunology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
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11
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Lee JH, Jeon J, Bai F, Jin S, Wu W, Ha UH. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa HSP70-like protein DnaK induces IL-1β expression via TLR4-dependent activation of the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 67:101373. [PMID: 31704499 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.101373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IL-1β expression is increased in response to P. aeruginosa infection, but the responsible proteins have not been clearly elucidated. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that IL-1β expression is induced in response to the heat shock protein 70-like protein DnaK. Treatment with recombinant DnaK (rDnaK) increased IL-1β expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and the release of mature IL-1β in response to rDnaK was detected to an extent similar to that stimulated by the well-known agonists, lipopolysaccharide and nigericin. rDnaK-mediated IL-1β expression was driven by the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, expression was controlled by the JNK signaling pathway, although these two signaling cascades act independently upon rDnaK stimulation. Finally, rDnaK-induced IL-1β expression was initiated via the action of TLR4. Taken together, the data reveal that P. aeruginosa-derived DnaK induces expression of IL-1β via TLR4-dependent activation of the NF-κB and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Jeon
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Fang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shouguang Jin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Weihui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Microbiology, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Un-Hwan Ha
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea.
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12
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NLRP3/ASC/Caspase-1 axis and serine protease activity are involved in neutrophil IL-1β processing during Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:675-680. [PMID: 30982580 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogenic bacterium that can cause severe invasive diseases, such as pneumonia, otitis media and meningitis. The pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-1β, has been reported to play important role in host defense against S. pneumoniae. The mechanism of IL-1β maturation and secretion in macrophages has been well studied. However, the precise mechanism of IL-1β processing within neutrophils upon S. pneumoniae infection remains unclear. In this study, mouse peritoneal neutrophils from C57BL/6 WT and inflammasome components knockout mice were infected by S. pneumoniae in vitro. The results showed that NLRP3 inflammasome is critically involved in neutrophil IL-1β secretion, while the AIM2 and NLRC4 inflammasomes were dispensable. Moreover, the upstream kinase, JNK, modulates ASC oligomerization and consequent caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion. Additionally, neutrophil serine proteases also participate in IL-1β secretion by mediating ASC oligomerization and caspase-1 activation. Taken together, these findings indicated that both the NLRP3 inflammasome-related pathway and neutrophil serine protease mediate IL-1β processing upon S. pneumoniae infection.
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13
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Gamma Interferon and Interleukin-17A Differentially Influence the Response of Human Macrophages and Neutrophils to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. Infect Immun 2019; 87:IAI.00814-18. [PMID: 30455194 PMCID: PMC6346128 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00814-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important orchestrators of inflammation during bacterial infection, acting as both effector cells and regulators of neutrophil recruitment and life span. Differently activated macrophage populations with distinct inflammatory and microbicidal potentials have been described. Macrophages are important orchestrators of inflammation during bacterial infection, acting as both effector cells and regulators of neutrophil recruitment and life span. Differently activated macrophage populations with distinct inflammatory and microbicidal potentials have been described. Our previous work unveiled a positive and a negative correlation between levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin-17A (IL-17A), respectively, and lung function in cystic fibrosis, particularly in patients chronically infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study sought to define key parameters in human antibacterial immunity under Th1- and Th17-dominated inflammatory conditions; the final aim was to identify unique characteristics that could be fine-tuned therapeutically to minimize tissue damage while maximizing bacterial clearance. Toward this aim, neutrophils were incorporated into cultures of macrophages treated with IFN-γ or IL-17A and infected with P. aeruginosa. The intent of this design was to model (i) initiation of inflammation by infected macrophages and (ii) delayed arrival of neutrophils and their exposure to macrophage-derived cytokines. Under these conditions, IFN-γ decreased bacterial killing and promoted the production of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). In contrast, IL-17A promoted bacterial killing but did not affect MCP-1 production. The level of secretion of the pyrogen IL-1β was significantly lower in the presence of IFN-γ than in the presence of IL-17A and correlated with levels of the IL1B transcript in infected macrophages. These findings support the validity of this model to investigate human antibacterial immunity. Based on these observations, the protective and damaging roles of IFN-γ and IL-17A, respectively, during P. aeruginosa infection could be caused by their contrasting effects on IL-1β and MCP-1 production.
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14
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Reynolds CJ, Quigley K, Cheng X, Suresh A, Tahir S, Ahmed-Jushuf F, Nawab K, Choy K, Walker SA, Mathie SA, Sim M, Stowell J, Manji J, Pollard T, Altmann DM, Boyton RJ. Lung Defense through IL-8 Carries a Cost of Chronic Lung Remodeling and Impaired Function. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2018; 59:557-571. [PMID: 29894204 PMCID: PMC6236688 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0007oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-8-dependent inflammation is a hallmark of host lung innate immunity to bacterial pathogens, yet in many human lung diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, and pulmonary fibrosis, there are progressive, irreversible, pathological changes associated with elevated levels of IL-8 in the lung. To better understand the duality of IL-8-dependent host immunity to bacterial infection and lung pathology, we expressed human IL-8 transgenically in murine bronchial epithelium, and investigated the impact of overexpression on lung bacterial clearance, host immunity, and lung pathology and function. Persistent IL-8 expression in bronchial epithelium resulted in neutrophilia, neutrophil maturation and activation, and chemotaxis. There was enhanced protection against challenge with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and significant changes in baseline expression of innate and adaptive immunity transcripts for Ccl5, Tlr6, IL-2, and Tlr1. There was increased expression of Tbet and Foxp3 in response to the Pseudomonas antigen OprF, indicating a regulatory T-cell phenotype. However, this enhanced bacterial immunity came at a high price of progressive lung remodeling, with increased inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and fibrosis. There was increased expression of Ccl3 and reduced expression of Claudin 18 and F11r, with damage to epithelial organization leading to leaky tight junctions, all of which resulted in impaired lung function with reduced compliance, increased resistance, and bronchial hyperreactivity as measured by whole-body plethysmography. These results show that IL-8 overexpression in the bronchial epithelium benefits lung immunity to bacterial infection, but specifically drives lung damage through persistent inflammation, lung remodeling, and damaged tight junctions, leading to impaired lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J. Reynolds
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kathryn Quigley
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Apurva Suresh
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sundas Tahir
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiyyaz Ahmed-Jushuf
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Khizr Nawab
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Choy
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | | | - Sara A. Mathie
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
| | - Malcolm Sim
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Janet Stowell
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jiten Manji
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey Pollard
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Altmann
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rosemary J. Boyton
- Lung Immunology Group, Infectious Disease and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, London, United Kingdom; and
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Sheremet AB, Zigangirova NA, Zayakin ES, Luyksaar SI, Kapotina LN, Nesterenko LN, Kobets NV, Gintsburg AL. Small Molecule Inhibitor of Type Three Secretion System Belonging to a Class 2,4-disubstituted-4H-[1,3,4]-thiadiazine-5-ones Improves Survival and Decreases Bacterial Loads in an Airway Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Mice. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:5810767. [PMID: 30276212 PMCID: PMC6151375 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5810767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a cause of high mortality in burn, immunocompromised, and surgery patients. High incidence of antibiotic resistance in this pathogen makes the existent therapy inefficient. Type three secretion system (T3SS) is a leading virulence system of P. aeruginosa that actively suppresses host resistance and enhances the severity of infection. Innovative therapeutic strategies aiming at inhibition of type three secretion system of P. aeruginosa are highly attractive, as they may reduce the severity of clinical manifestations and improve antibacterial immune responses. They may also represent an attractive therapy for antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Recently our laboratory developed a new small molecule inhibitor belonging to a class 2,4-disubstituted-4H-[1,3, 4]-thiadiazine-5-ones, Fluorothiazinon (FT), that effectively suppressed T3SS in chlamydia and salmonella in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluate the activity of FT towards antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa expressing T3SS effectors ExoU and ExoS in an airway infection model. We found that FT reduced mortality and bacterial loads and decrease lung pathology and systemic inflammation. In addition, we show that FT inhibits the secretion of ExoT and ExoY, reduced bacteria cytotoxicity, and increased bacteria internalization in vitro. Overall, FT shows a strong potential as an antibacterial therapy of antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna B. Sheremet
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Naylia A. Zigangirova
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Egor S. Zayakin
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei I. Luyksaar
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Lydia N. Kapotina
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ludmila N. Nesterenko
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalie V. Kobets
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L. Gintsburg
- Gamaleya Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health Russian Federation, 123098, Gamaleya Str. 18, Moscow, Russia
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16
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Huang LH, Melton EM, Li H, Sohn P, Jung D, Tsai CY, Ma T, Sano H, Ha H, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Usherwood E, Chang CCY, Chang TY. Myeloid-specific Acat1 ablation attenuates inflammatory responses in macrophages, improves insulin sensitivity, and suppresses diet-induced obesity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315. [PMID: 29533741 PMCID: PMC6171008 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00174.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are phagocytes that play important roles in health and diseases. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) converts cellular cholesterol to cholesteryl esters and is expressed in many cell types. Unlike global Acat1 knockout (KO), myeloid-specific Acat1 KO ( Acat1-) does not cause overt abnormalities in mice. Here, we performed analyses in age- and sex-matched Acat1-M/-M and wild-type mice on chow or Western diet and discovered that Acat1-M/-M mice exhibit resistance to Western diet-induced obesity. On both chow and Western diets, Acat1-M/-M mice display decreased adipocyte size and increased insulin sensitivity. When fed with Western diet, Acat1-M/-M mice contain fewer infiltrating macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT), with significantly diminished inflammatory phenotype. Without Acat1, the Ly6Chi monocytes express reduced levels of integrin-β1, which plays a key role in the interaction between monocytes and the inflamed endothelium. Adoptive transfer experiment showed that the appearance of leukocytes from Acat1-M/-M mice to the inflamed WAT of wild-type mice is significantly diminished. Under Western diet, Acat1-M/-M causes suppression of multiple proinflammatory genes in WAT. Cell culture experiments show that in RAW 264.7 macrophages, inhibiting ACAT1 with a small-molecule ACAT1-specific inhibitor reduces inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide. We conclude that under Western diet, blocking ACAT1 in macrophages attenuates inflammation in WAT. Other results show that Acat1-M/-M does not compromise antiviral immune response. Our work reveals that blocking ACAT1 suppresses diet-induced obesity in part by slowing down monocyte infiltration to WAT as well as by reducing the inflammatory responses of adipose tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hao Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Elaina M Melton
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Haibo Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Paul Sohn
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - DaeYoung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Ching-Yi Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Tian Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Hiroyuki Sano
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - HyeKyung Ha
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Edward Usherwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Catherine C Y Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Ta-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, New Hampshire
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17
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Hughes AJ, Knoten CA, Morris AR, Hauser AR. ASC acts in a caspase-1-independent manner to worsen acute pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Med Microbiol 2018; 67:1168-1180. [PMID: 29957172 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudomonas aeruginosa expresses a type III secretion system (T3SS) that activates the host inflammasome-mediated immune response. We examined the role of inflammasome activation in severe infection outcomes. METHODS We infected C57BL/6 (B6) mice lacking inflammasome components ASC or caspase-1/11 with a highly virulent strain of P. aeruginosa, PSE9, using a mouse model of pneumonia. We evaluated inflammasome activation in vitro by infecting bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) with PSE9 and measuring cell death and release of inflammasome-dependent cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. A bioluminescent reporter assay was used to detect activity of caspase-1 and caspase-3/7 in BMDMs from B6 and ASC-deficient mice.Results/Key Findings. ASC-/- mice exhibited significantly improved survival relative to caspase-1/11-/- mice and B6 mice, demonstrating that ASC and caspase-1/11 play differential roles in P. aeruginosa infection. We found that ASC-/- BMDMs exhibited significantly reduced cell death relative to B6 BMDMs, while caspase-1/11-/- BMDMs were resistant to cell death. IL-18 and IL-1β were both detected from supernatants of infected B6 BMDMs, but cytokine release was abrogated in both ASC-/- and caspase-1/11-/- BMDMs. We detected a 2.5-fold increase in the activation of caspase-3/7 in PSE9-infected B6 BMDMs, but no increase in infected ASC-/- BMDMs. Cell death, cytokine release and caspase-3/7 activity were dependent on a functional T3SS. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results are consistent with a model whereby the T3SS apparatus of P. aeruginosa activates the caspase-1-dependent inflammasome and caspase-3/7 through an ASC-dependent mechanism. This activation may have implications for the outcomes of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Hughes
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C A Knoten
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,†Present address: Academy for Quality and Safety Improvement, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A R Morris
- 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A R Hauser
- 2Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.,1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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18
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Maslennikova IL, Kuznetsova MV, Nekrasova IV, Shirshev SV. Effect of bacterial components of mixed culture supernatants of planktonic and biofilm Pseudomonas aeruginosa with commensal Escherichia coli on the neutrophil response in vitro. Pathog Dis 2018; 75:4101235. [PMID: 28961860 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) responsible for acute and chronic infections often forms a well-organized bacterial population with different microbial species including commensal strains of Escherichia coli. Bacterial extracellular components of mixed culture can modulate the influence of bacteria on the neutrophil functions. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of pyocyanin, pyoverdine, LPS, exopolysaccharide of single species and mixed culture supernatants of PA strains and E. coli K12 on microbicidal, secretory activity of human neutrophils in vitro. Bacterial components of E. coli K12 in mixed supernatants with 'biofilm' PA strains (PA ATCC, PA BALG) enhanced short-term microbicidal mechanisms and inhibited neutrophil secretion delayed in time. The influence of 'planktonic' PA (PA 9-3) exometabolites in mixed culture is almost mimicked by E. coli K12 effect on functional neutrophil changes. This investigation may help to understand some of the mechanisms of neutrophil response to mixed infections of different PA with other bacteria species.
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19
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Robinson KM, Ramanan K, Clay ME, McHugh KJ, Pilewski MJ, Nickolich KL, Corey C, Shiva S, Wang J, Muzumdar R, Alcorn JF. The inflammasome potentiates influenza/Staphylococcus aureus superinfection in mice. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97470. [PMID: 29618653 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary bacterial respiratory infections are commonly associated with both acute and chronic lung injury. Influenza complicated by bacterial pneumonia is an effective model to study host defense during pulmonary superinfection due to its clinical relevance. Multiprotein inflammasomes are responsible for IL-1β production in response to infection and drive tissue inflammation. In this study, we examined the role of the inflammasome during viral/bacterial superinfection. We demonstrate that ASC-/- mice are protected from bacterial superinfection and produce sufficient quantities of IL-1β through an apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing CARD (ASC) inflammasome-independent mechanism. Despite the production of IL-1β by ASC-/- mice in response to bacterial superinfection, these mice display decreased lung inflammation. A neutrophil elastase inhibitor blocked ASC inflammasome-independent production of IL-1β and the IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, confirmed that IL-1 remains crucial to the clearance of bacteria during superinfection. Delayed inhibition of NLRP3 during influenza infection by MCC950 decreases bacterial burden during superinfection and leads to decreased inflammatory cytokine production. Collectively, our results demonstrate that ASC augments the clearance of bacteria, but can also contribute to inflammation and mortality. ASC should be considered as a therapeutic target to decrease morbidity and mortality during bacterial superinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keven M Robinson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Krishnaveni Ramanan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michelle E Clay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew J Pilewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kara L Nickolich
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Catherine Corey
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and.,Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and.,Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jieru Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Radhika Muzumdar
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - John F Alcorn
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Iula L, Keitelman IA, Sabbione F, Fuentes F, Guzman M, Galletti JG, Gerber PP, Ostrowski M, Geffner JR, Jancic CC, Trevani AS. Autophagy Mediates Interleukin-1β Secretion in Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2018; 9:269. [PMID: 29515581 PMCID: PMC5825906 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, is a leaderless cytosolic protein whose secretion does not follow the classical endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi pathway, and for which a canonical mechanism of secretion remains to be established. Neutrophils are essential players against bacterial and fungi infections. These cells are rapidly and massively recruited from the circulation into infected tissues and, beyond of displaying an impressive arsenal of toxic weapons effective to kill pathogens, are also an important source of IL-1β in infectious conditions. Here, we analyzed if an unconventional secretory autophagy mechanism is involved in the exportation of IL-1β by these cells. Our findings indicated that inhibition of autophagy with 3-methyladenine and Wortmannin markedly reduced IL-1β secretion induced by LPS + ATP, as did the disruption of the autophagic flux with Bafilomycin A1 and E64d. These compounds did not noticeable affect neutrophil viability ruling out that the effects on IL-1β secretion were due to cell death. Furthermore, VPS34IN-1, a specific autophagy inhibitor, was still able to reduce IL-1β secretion when added after it was synthesized. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of ATG5 markedly reduced IL-1β secretion in neutrophil-differentiated PLB985 cells. Upon LPS + ATP stimulation, IL-1β was incorporated to an autophagic compartment, as was revealed by its colocalization with LC3B by confocal microscopy. Overlapping of IL-1β-LC3B in a vesicular compartment peaked before IL-1β increased in culture supernatants. On the other hand, stimulation of autophagy by cell starvation augmented the colocalization of IL-1β and LC3B and then promoted neutrophil IL-1β secretion. In addition, specific ELISAs indicated that although both IL-1β and pro-IL-1β are released to culture supernatants upon neutrophil stimulation, autophagy only promotes IL-1β secretion. Furthermore, the serine proteases inhibitor AEBSF reduced IL-1β secretion. Moreover, IL-1β could be also found colocalizing with elastase, suggesting both some vesicles containing IL-1β intersect azurophil granules content and that serine proteases also regulate IL-1β secretion. Altogether, our findings indicate that an unconventional autophagy-mediated secretory pathway mediates IL-1β secretion in human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Iula
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene A. Keitelman
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Sabbione
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mauricio Guzman
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeremías Gastón Galletti
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Ostrowski
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge R. Geffner
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), CONICET, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina C. Jancic
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analía S. Trevani
- Laboratorio de Inmunidad Innata, Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)––CONICET, Academia Nacional de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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21
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Nichols RD, von Moltke J, Vance RE. NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome activation in MRP8 + cells is sufficient to cause systemic inflammatory disease. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2209. [PMID: 29263322 PMCID: PMC5738432 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02266-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that initiate protective immunity in response to infection, and can also drive auto-inflammatory diseases, but the cell types and signalling pathways that cause these diseases remain poorly understood. Inflammasomes are broadly expressed in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells and can trigger numerous downstream responses including production of IL-1β, IL-18, eicosanoids and pyroptotic cell death. Here we show a mouse model with endogenous NLRC4 inflammasome activation in Lysozyme2+ cells (monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils) in vivo exhibits a severe systemic inflammatory disease, reminiscent of human patients that carry mutant auto-active NLRC4 alleles. Interestingly, specific NLRC4 activation in Mrp8+ cells (primarily neutrophil lineage) is sufficient to cause severe inflammatory disease. Disease is ameliorated on an Asc−/− background, and can be suppressed by injections of anti-IL-1 receptor antibody. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms by which NLRC4 inflammasome activation mediates auto-inflammatory disease in vivo. Inflammasomes are protein complexes induced by pathogens for the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 in immune cells. Here the authors show, using a new mouse model, that aberrant NLRC4 and ASC-dependent inflammasome activation in neutrophils contributes to systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randilea D Nichols
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98109, Washington, USA
| | - Russell E Vance
- Division of Immunology and Pathogenesis, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA. .,Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA. .,Immunotherapeutics and Vaccine Research Initiative, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA.
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22
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Torres IM, Patankar YR, Berwin B. Acidosis exacerbates in vivo IL-1-dependent inflammatory responses and neutrophil recruitment during pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L225-L235. [PMID: 28982735 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00338.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic microenvironments commonly occur at sites of inflammation and bacterial infections. In the context of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, we previously demonstrated that acidosis enhances the cellular proinflammatory interleukin (IL)-1β response in vitro. However, how pH alterations affect in vivo IL-1β responses and subsequent IL-1-driven inflammation during infection with P. aeruginosa is unclear. Here, we report that acidosis enhances in vivo IL-1β production and downstream IL-1 receptor-dependent responses during infection with P. aeruginosa in models of acute pneumonia and peritonitis. Importantly, we demonstrate that infection with P. aeruginosa within an acidic environment leads to enhanced production of a subset of proinflammatory cytokines, including chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 1, IL-6, and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, and increased neutrophil recruitment. Furthermore, with the use of IL-1 receptor type 1-deficient mice, we identify the contribution of the IL-1 signaling pathway to the acidosis-enhanced inflammatory response and pathology. These data provide insights into the potential benefit of pH regulation during bacterial infections to control disease progression and immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iviana M Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Yash R Patankar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
| | - Brent Berwin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire
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23
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Ryu JC, Kim MJ, Kwon Y, Oh JH, Yoon SS, Shin SJ, Yoon JH, Ryu JH. Neutrophil pyroptosis mediates pathology of P. aeruginosa lung infection in the absence of the NADPH oxidase NOX2. Mucosal Immunol 2017; 10:757-774. [PMID: 27554297 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2016.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nod-like receptor family, CARD domain-containing 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome activation is required for efficient clearance of intracellular pathogens through caspsase-1-dependent pyroptosis in macrophages. Although neutrophils have a critical role in protection from Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, the mechanisms regulating inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis in neutrophils and its physiological role are largely unknown. We sought to determine the specific mechanisms regulating neutrophil pyroptosis in P. aeruginosa strain PAO1 (PAO1) lung infection and to identify the pathological role of this process. Nox2-/- models with reduced neutrophil antibacterial activity exhibited increased neutrophil pyroptosis, which was mediated by flagellin, a pathogenic PAO1 component. We also demonstrate that PAO1-induced pyroptosis depended on NLRC4 and Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in neutrophils generated from Nlrc4-/- or Tlr5-/- mice. Our study reveals previously unknown mechanisms and physiological role of neutrophil pyroptosis during P. aeruginosa lung infection. Furthermore, our findings regarding neutrophil pyroptosis in the context of neutrophil dysfunction may explain the causes of acute and/or chronic infectious diseases discovered in immune-compromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-C Ryu
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - M-J Kim
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Oh
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S S Yoon
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Shin
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Yoon
- Research Center for Natural Human Defense System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Ryu
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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24
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Lin CK, Kazmierczak BI. Inflammation: A Double-Edged Sword in the Response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection. J Innate Immun 2017; 9:250-261. [PMID: 28222444 DOI: 10.1159/000455857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa exploits failures of barrier defense and innate immunity to cause acute infections at a range of anatomic sites. We review the defense mechanisms that normally protect against P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection, as well as the bacterial products and activities that trigger their activation. Innate immune recognition of P. aeruginosa is critical for pathogen clearance; nonetheless, inflammation is also associated with pathogen persistence and poor host outcomes. We describe P. aeruginosa adaptations that improve this pathogen's fitness in the inflamed airway, and briefly discuss strategies to manipulate inflammation to benefit the host. Such adjunct therapies may become increasingly important in the treatment of acute and chronic infections caused by this multi-drug-resistant pathogen.
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25
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Luehong N, Khaowmek J, Wongsawan K, Chuammitri P. Preferential pattern of mouse neutrophil cell death in response to various stimulants. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2017; 53:513-524. [DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0129-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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26
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Ratner D, Orning MPA, Lien E. Bacterial secretion systems and regulation of inflammasome activation. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:165-181. [PMID: 27810946 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4mr0716-330r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate immunity is critical for host defenses against pathogens, but many bacteria display complex ways of interacting with innate immune signaling, as they may both activate and evade certain pathways. Gram-negative bacteria can exhibit specialized nanomachine secretion systems for delivery of effector proteins into mammalian cells. Bacterial types III, IV, and VI secretion systems (T3SS, T4SS, and T6SS) are known for their impact on caspase-1-activating inflammasomes, necessary for producing bioactive inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, key participants of anti-bacterial responses. Here, we discuss how these secretion systems can mediate triggering and inhibition of inflammasome signaling. We propose that a fine balance between secretion system-mediated activation and inhibition can determine net activation of inflammasome activity and control inflammation, clearance, or spread of the infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Ratner
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and
| | - M Pontus A Orning
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and.,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Egil Lien
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA; and .,Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Trondheim, Norway
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27
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Shindo Y, Fuchs AG, Davis CG, Eitas T, Unsinger J, Burnham CAD, Green JM, Morre M, Bochicchio GV, Hotchkiss RS. Interleukin 7 immunotherapy improves host immunity and survival in a two-hit model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:543-554. [PMID: 27630218 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a1215-581r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with protracted sepsis develop impaired immunity, which predisposes them to acquiring secondary infections. One of the most common and lethal secondary infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Immunoadjuvant therapy is a promising approach to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression and improve morbidity and mortality from secondary infections. Interleukin-7 is an immunoadjuvant that improves survival in clinically relevant animal models of polymicrobial peritonitis and in fungal sepsis. This study investigated the effect of recombinant human interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) on survival in a 2-hit model of sublethal cecal ligation and puncture followed by P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Potential immunologic mechanisms responsible for the rhIL-7 putative beneficial effect were also examined, focusing on IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, cytokines that are critical in the control of sepsis and pulmonary Pseudomonas infections. Results showed that rhIL-7 was highly effective in preventing P. aeruginosa-induced death, i.e., 92% survival in rhIL-7-treated mice versus 56% survival in control mice. rhIL-7 increased absolute numbers of immune effector cells in lung and spleen and ameliorated the sepsis-induced loss of lung innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). rhIL-7 also significantly increased IL-17-, IFN-γ-, and TNF-α-producing lung ILCs and CD8 T cells as well as IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing splenic T cell subsets and ILCs. Furthermore, rhIL-7 enhanced NF-κB and STAT3 signaling in lungs during sepsis and pneumonia. Given the high mortality associated with secondary P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the ability of rhIL-7 to improve immunity and increase survival in multiple animal models of sepsis, and the remarkable safety profile of rhIL-7, clinical trials with rhIL-7 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Shindo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; .,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anja G Fuchs
- Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher G Davis
- Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tim Eitas
- Host Defense DPU, Infectious Diseases TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline Unsinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Pathology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan M Green
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Grant V Bochicchio
- Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard S Hotchkiss
- Anesthesiology, Medicine, Surgery, and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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