1
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Ha J, Chung ST, Springer M, Kim JY, Chen P, Chhabra A, Cree MG, Diniz Behn C, Sumner AE, Arslanian SA, Sherman AS. Estimating insulin sensitivity and β-cell function from the oral glucose tolerance test: validation of a new insulin sensitivity and secretion (ISS) model. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 326:E454-E471. [PMID: 38054972 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00189.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and accurate methods to estimate insulin sensitivity (SI) and β-cell function (BCF) are of great importance for studying the pathogenesis and treatment effectiveness of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Existing methods range in sensitivity, input data, and technical requirements. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) are preferred because they are simpler and more physiological than intravenous methods. However, current analytical methods for OGTT-derived SI and BCF also range in complexity; the oral minimal models require mathematical expertise for deconvolution and fitting differential equations, and simple algebraic surrogate indices (e.g., Matsuda index, insulinogenic index) may produce unphysiological values. We developed a new insulin secretion and sensitivity (ISS) model for clinical research that provides precise and accurate estimates of SI and BCF from a standard OGTT, focusing on effectiveness, ease of implementation, and pragmatism. This model was developed by fitting a pair of differential equations to glucose and insulin without need of deconvolution or C-peptide data. This model is derived from a published model for longitudinal simulation of T2D progression that represents glucose-insulin homeostasis, including postchallenge suppression of hepatic glucose production and first- and second-phase insulin secretion. The ISS model was evaluated in three diverse cohorts across the lifespan. The new model had a strong correlation with gold-standard estimates from intravenous glucose tolerance tests and insulin clamps. The ISS model has broad applicability among diverse populations because it balances performance, fidelity, and complexity to provide a reliable phenotype of T2D risk.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is determined by a balance between insulin sensitivity (SI) and β-cell function (BCF), which can be determined by gold standard direct measurements or estimated by fitting differential equation models to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs). We propose and validate a new differential equation model that is simpler to use than current models and requires less data while maintaining good correlation and agreement with gold standards. Matlab and Python code is freely available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ha
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States
| | - Stephanie T Chung
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Max Springer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States
| | | | - Aaryan Chhabra
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
| | - Melanie G Cree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Cecilia Diniz Behn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, United States
| | - Anne E Sumner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
- Hypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Silva A Arslanian
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Arthur S Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
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Yiew NK, Deja S, Ferguson D, Cho K, Jarasvaraparn C, Jacome-Sosa M, Lutkewitte AJ, Mukherjee S, Fu X, Singer JM, Patti GJ, Burgess SC, Finck BN. Effects of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency on de novo lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis in mice. iScience 2023; 26:108196. [PMID: 37942005 PMCID: PMC10628847 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver coordinates the systemic response to nutrient deprivation and availability by producing glucose from gluconeogenesis during fasting and synthesizing lipids via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) when carbohydrates are abundant. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is thought to play important roles in both gluconeogenesis and DNL. We examined the effects of hepatocyte-specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) deletion on the fasting-refeeding response. Rates of DNL during refeeding were impaired by hepatocyte MPC deletion, but this did not reduce intrahepatic lipid content. During fasting, glycerol is converted to glucose by two pathways; a direct cytosolic pathway and an indirect mitochondrial pathway requiring the MPC. Hepatocyte MPC deletion reduced the incorporation of 13C-glycerol into TCA cycle metabolites, but not into new glucose. Furthermore, suppression of glycerol and alanine metabolism did not affect glucose concentrations in fasted hepatocyte-specific MPC-deficient mice, suggesting multiple layers of redundancy in glycemic control in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K.H. Yiew
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Daniel Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Siteman Cancer Center, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Miriam Jacome-Sosa
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew J. Lutkewitte
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jason M. Singer
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary J. Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Siteman Cancer Center, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shawn C. Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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3
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Yiew NK, Deja S, Ferguson D, Cho K, Jarasvaraparn C, Jacome-Sosa M, Lutkewitte AJ, Mukherjee S, Fu X, Singer JM, Patti GJ, Burgess SC, Finck BN. Effects of hepatic mitochondrial pyruvate carrier deficiency on de novo lipogenesis and glycerol-mediated gluconeogenesis in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.17.528992. [PMID: 36824879 PMCID: PMC9949129 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.528992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The liver coordinates the systemic response to nutrient deprivation and availability by producing glucose from gluconeogenesis during fasting and synthesizing lipids via de novo lipogenesis (DNL) when carbohydrates are abundant. Mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism is thought to play important roles in both gluconeogenesis and DNL. We examined the effects of hepatocyte-specific mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) deletion on the fasting-refeeding response. Rates of DNL during refeeding were impaired by liver MPC deletion, but this did not reduce intrahepatic lipid content. During fasting, glycerol is converted to glucose by two pathways; a direct cytosolic pathway essentially reversing glycolysis and an indirect mitochondrial pathway requiring the MPC. MPC deletion reduced the incorporation of 13C-glycerol into TCA cycle metabolites but not into newly synthesized glucose. However, suppression of glycerol metabolism did not affect glucose concentrations in fasted hepatocyte-specific MPC-deficient mice. Thus, glucose production by kidney and intestine may compensate for MPC deficiency in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole K.H. Yiew
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Stanislaw Deja
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Daniel Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Siteman Cancer Center, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Chaowapong Jarasvaraparn
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Miriam Jacome-Sosa
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andrew J. Lutkewitte
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Sandip Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Xiaorong Fu
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Jason M. Singer
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Gary J. Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Siteman Cancer Center, Center for Metabolomics and Isotope Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Shawn C. Burgess
- Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Brian N. Finck
- Department of Medicine, Center for Human Nutrition, Washington University in St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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Ha J, Chung ST, Springer M, Kim JY, Chen P, Cree MG, Behn CD, Sumner AE, Arslanian S, Sherman AS. Estimating Insulin Sensitivity and Beta-Cell Function from the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: Validation of a new Insulin Sensitivity and Secretion (ISS) Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.16.545377. [PMID: 37503271 PMCID: PMC10370185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.16.545377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and accurate methods to estimate insulin sensitivity (SI) and beta-cell function (BCF) are of great importance for studying the pathogenesis and treatment effectiveness of type 2 diabetes. Many methods exist, ranging in input data and technical requirements. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) are preferred because they are simpler and more physiological. However, current analytical methods for OGTT-derived SI and BCF also range in complexity; the oral minimal models require mathematical expertise for deconvolution and fitting differential equations, and simple algebraic models (e.g., Matsuda index, insulinogenic index) may produce unphysiological values. We developed a new ISS (Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity) model for clinical research that provides precise and accurate estimates of SI and BCF from a standard OGTT, focusing on effectiveness, ease of implementation, and pragmatism. The model was developed by fitting a pair of differential equations to glucose and insulin without need of deconvolution or C-peptide data. The model is derived from a published model for longitudinal simulation of T2D progression that represents glucose-insulin homeostasis, including post-challenge suppression of hepatic glucose production and first- and second-phase insulin secretion. The ISS model was evaluated in three diverse cohorts including individuals at high risk of prediabetes (adult women with a wide range of BMI and adolescents with obesity). The new model had strong correlation with gold-standard estimates from intravenous glucose tolerance tests and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The ISS model has broad clinical applicability among diverse populations because it balances performance, fidelity, and complexity to provide a reliable phenotype of T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ha
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - Stephanie T. Chung
- Section on Pediatric Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Max Springer
- Department of Mathematics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD
| | - Joon Young Kim
- Department of Exercise Science, David B. Falk College of Sport and Human Dynamics, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY
| | | | - Melanie G. Cree
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Cecilia Diniz Behn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado
| | - Anne E. Sumner
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Section on Ethnicity and Health, Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Silva Arslanian
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus, Center for Pediatric Research in Obesity and Metabolism, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Arthur S. Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Malloy CR, Sherry AD, Alger JR, Jin ES. Recent progress in analysis of intermediary metabolism by ex vivo 13 C NMR. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4817. [PMID: 35997012 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced imaging technologies, large-scale metabolomics, and the measurement of gene transcripts or enzyme expression all enable investigations of intermediary metabolism in human patients. Complementary information about fluxes in individual metabolic pathways may be obtained by ex vivo 13 C NMR of blood or tissue biopsies. Simple molecules such as 13 C-labeled glucose are readily administered to patients prior to surgical biopsies, and 13 C-labeled glycerol is easily administered orally to outpatients. Here, we review recent progress in practical applications of 13 C NMR to study cancer biology, the response to oxidative stress, gluconeogenesis, triglyceride synthesis in patients, as well as new insights into compartmentation of metabolism in the cytosol. The technical aspects of obtaining the sample, preparing material for analysis, and acquiring the spectra are relatively simple. This approach enables convenient, valuable, and quantitative insights into intermediary metabolism in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig R Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Veterans Affairs North Texas Healthcare System, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffry R Alger
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Neurology, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Eunsook S Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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6
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Shah A, Wang Y, Wondisford FE. Differential Metabolism of Glycerol Based on Oral versus Intravenous Administration in Humans. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100890. [PMID: 36295792 PMCID: PMC9611849 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol can be metabolized to glucose via gluconeogenesis or lactate via glycolysis. It is unknown if glycerol is metabolized similarly in the portal and systemic circulations in humans. Eight metabolically healthy overnight-fasted individuals received equimolar amounts of 13C3-glycerol orally and intravenously on two separate occasions with serial blood draws over four hours. Serum samples underwent liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. Oral 13C3-glycerol administration led to higher average serum glucose enrichment than intravenous administration (5.02 ± 1.43 versus 4.07 ± 0.79%, p = 0.009). In contrast, intravenous 13C3-glycerol administration yielded higher average serum lactate enrichment than oral administration (5.67 ± 0.80 versus 4.85 ± 1.30%, p = 0.032). Peak serum glucose enrichment was also higher with oral administration (9.37 ± 2.93 versus 7.12 ± 1.28%, p = 0.010). Glycerol metabolism across the portal and systemic circulations is not congruent. Orally administered labeled glycerol led to greater labeled glucose production, while intravenously administration yielded greater lactate production. These data support direct glycerol to lactate conversion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shah
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Fredric E. Wondisford
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
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7
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Zhang M, Yang B, Zhang J, Song Y, Wang W, Li N, Wang Y, Li W, Wang J. Monitoring the Dynamic Regulation of the Mitochondrial GTP‐to‐GDP Ratio with a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202201266. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202201266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics University of Oxford Roosevelt Dr, Headington Oxford OX3 7BN UK
| | - Yuxin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Weibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health College of Chemistry Central China Normal University Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Wenzhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs and Department of Chemical Biology Department of Chemical Biology School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Peking University Peking University Beijing 100191 China
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Zhang M, Yang B, Zhang J, Song Y, Wang W, Li N, Wang Y, Li W, Wang J. Monitoring the Dynamic Regulation of the Mitochondrial GTP‐to‐GDP Ratio with a Genetically Encoded Fluorescent Biosensor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202201266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Zhang
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Bo Yang
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Jiayuan Zhang
- University of Oxford Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Yuxin Song
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Weibo Wang
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Na Li
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Yuan Wang
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Wenzhe Li
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chemical Biology CHINA
| | - Jing Wang
- Peking University School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Chemical Biology 38 Xueyuan Rd, Haidian Distict 100191 Beijing CHINA
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9
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Na Z, Song J, Meng Y, Feng D, Wei J, Jiang H, Yang H, Peng Y, Cheng D, Fang Y, Li D. Serum fructose levels are positively correlated with dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online 2022; 45:608-614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Taylor AE, Ware MA, Breslow E, Pyle L, Severn C, Nadeau KJ, Chan CL, Kelsey MM, Cree-Green M. 11-Oxyandrogens in Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Endocr Soc 2022; 6:bvac037. [PMID: 35611324 PMCID: PMC9123281 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is common and diagnosis requires an elevated testosterone. The clinical importance of adrenal 11-oxyandrogens in PCOS is unclear. Objective We sought to determine if 11-oxyandrogens 1) better identify PCOS diagnosis compared to testosterone, 2) predict clinical comorbidities of PCOS, and 3) are altered with an combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) or metformin therapy. Methods Data from 200 adolescent female participants aged 12 to 21 years, most with obesity, enrolled across 6 studies in pediatric endocrinology were included: 70 non-PCOS controls, 115 untreated PCOS, 9 PCOS + obesity treated with COCP, and 6 PCOS + obesity treated with metformin. 11-Hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OHA4), 11-hydroxytestosterone (1-OHT), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), and testosterone were measured with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data between 1) untreated PCOS and controls and 2) untreated PCOS and the 2 treatment groups were compared. Results Untreated girls with PCOS had higher 11-OHA4 (P = .003) and 11-OHT (P = .005) compared to controls, but not 11-KT (P = .745). Elevated 11-OHA4 remained statistically significant after controlling for obesity. Testosterone better predicted PCOS status compared to 11-oxyandrogens (receiver operating characteristic curve analysis: 11-OHA4 area under the curve [AUC] = 0.620, 11-OHT AUC = 0.638; testosterone AUC = 0.840). Among untreated PCOS patients, all 3 11-oxyandrogens correlated with hirsutism severity. 11-KT (P = .039) and testosterone (P < .006) were lower in those on COCP treatment compared to untreated PCOS. Metformin treatment had no effect on 11-oxyandrogens, although testosterone was lower (P = .01). Conclusion Although 11-oxyandrogens do not aid in the diagnosis of PCOS, they relate to excess hair growth. COCP treatment may related to 11-KT; however, further work is needed to determine causality, relationship with metabolic outcomes, and the clinical utility of measuring these androgens in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya E Taylor
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Meredith A Ware
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Emily Breslow
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Cameron Severn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA,Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Kristen J Nadeau
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA,Center for Women’s Health Research, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Christine L Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Megan M Kelsey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA,Center for Women’s Health Research, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Correspondence: Melanie Cree-Green, MD, PhD, Children’s Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, PO Box 265, 13123 E 16th Ave, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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11
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Tong Z, Peng J, Lan H, Sai W, Li Y, Xie J, Tan Y, Zhang W, Zhong M, Wang Z. Cross-talk between ANGPTL4 gene SNP Rs1044250 and weight management is a risk factor of metabolic syndrome. J Transl Med 2021; 19:72. [PMID: 33593372 PMCID: PMC7885568 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02739-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (Mets) is closely related to an increased incidence of cardiovascular events. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is contributory to the regulation of lipid metabolism, herein, may provide a target for gene-aimed therapy of Mets. This observational case control study was designed to elucidate the relationship between ANGPTL4 gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1044250 and the onset of Mets, and to explore the interaction between SNP rs1044250 and weight management on Mets. Methods We have recruited 1018 Mets cases and 1029 controls in this study. The SNP rs1044250 was genotyped with blood samples, base-line information and Mets-related indicators were collected. A 5-year follow-up survey was carried out to track the lifestyle interventions and changes in Mets-related indicators. Results ANGPTL4 gene SNP rs1044250 is an independent risk factor for increased waist circumference (OR 1.618, 95% CI [1.119–2.340]; p = 0.011), elevated blood pressure (OR 1.323, 95% CI [1.002–1.747]; p = 0.048), and Mets (OR 1.875, 95% CI [1.363–2.580]; p < 0.001). The follow-up survey shows that rs1044250 CC genotype patients with weight gain have an increased number of Mets components (M [Q1, Q3]: CC 1 (0, 1), CT + TT 0 [− 1, 1]; p = 0.021); The interaction between SNP rs1044250 and weight management is a risk factor for increased systolic blood pressure (β = 0.075, p < 0.001) and increased diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.097, p < 0.001), the synergistic effect of weight management and SNP rs1044250 is negative (S < 1). Conclusion ANGPTL4 gene SNP rs1044250 is an independent risk factor for increased waist circumference and elevated blood pressure, therefore, for Mets. However, patients with wild type SNP 1044250 are more likely to have Mets when the body weight is increased, mainly due to elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhoujie Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Hongtao Lan
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wenwen Sai
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaying Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmin Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University; Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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Jin ES, Lee MH, Malloy CR. Divergent effects of glutathione depletion on isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and the pentose phosphate pathway in hamster liver. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14554. [PMID: 32812387 PMCID: PMC7435027 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver regenerates NADPH via multiple pathways to maintain redox balance and reductive biosynthesis. The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) contributes to hepatic lipogenesis by supplying NADPH, and it is thought to play a major role in response to oxidative stress. This study determined the significance of the PPP and related NADPH-regenerating enzymes in the liver under oxidative stress. Fasted hamsters received acetaminophen (400 mg/kg) to deplete glutathione in the liver and [U-13 C3 ]glycerol to measure the PPP activity by analysis of 13 C distribution in plasma glucose. Blood and liver were harvested to assess NADPH-producing enzymes, antioxidant defense, PPP, and other relevant biochemical processes. Acetaminophen caused glutathione depletion and decreased activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the liver, but it did not change triglyceride synthesis. Although the PPP is potentially an abundant source of NADPH, its activity was decreased and the expression of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase remained unchanged after acetaminophen treatment. The effects of acetaminophen on other NADPH-producing enzymes were complex. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 was overexpressed, both isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 and malic enzyme 1 were underexpressed, and methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase 1 remained unchanged. In summary, isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 was most sensitive to glutathione depletion caused by acetaminophen, but glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the regulatory enzyme of PPP, was not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook S. Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Min H. Lee
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research CenterUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA
- VA North Texas Health Care SystemDallasTXUSA
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Behn CD, Bubar K, Jin ES, Malloy CR, Parks EJ, Cree-Green M. Advances in stable isotope tracer methodology part 1: hepatic metabolism via isotopomer analysis and postprandial lipolysis modeling. J Investig Med 2020; 68:3-10. [PMID: 31554675 PMCID: PMC7372575 DOI: 10.1136/jim-2019-001109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stable isotope tracers have been used to gain an understanding of integrative animal and human physiology. More commonly studied organ systems include hepatic glucose metabolism, lipolysis from adipose tissue, and whole body protein metabolism. Recent improvements in isotope methodology have included the use of novel physiologic methods/models and mathematical modeling of data during different physiologic states. Here we review some of the latest advancements in this field and highlight future research needs. First we discuss the use of an oral [U-13C3]-glycerol tracer to determine the relative contribution of glycerol carbons to hepatic glucose production after first cycling through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, entry of glycerol into the pentose phosphate pathway or direct conversion of glycerol into the glucose. Second, we describe an adaptation of the established oral minimal model used to define postprandial glucose dynamics to include glycerol dynamics in an oral glucose tolerance test with a [2H5]-glycerol tracer to determine dynamic changes in lipolysis. Simulation results were optimized when parameters describing glycerol flux were determined with a hybrid approach using both tracer-based calculations and constrained parameter optimization. Both of these methodologies can be used to expand our knowledge of not only human physiology, but also the effects of various nutritional strategies and medications on metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Diniz Behn
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kate Bubar
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Eunsook S. Jin
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Craig R. Malloy
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth J. Parks
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Melanie Cree-Green
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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