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Rana R, Natoli TA, Khandelwal P, Pissios P, Muhammad AB, Chipashvili V, Farrington KP, Zhou W, Zheng G, Bukanov NO, Pocai A, Magnone MC. VEPTP inhibition with an extracellular domain targeting antibody did not restore albuminuria in a mouse model of diabetic kidney disease. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e70058. [PMID: 39324545 PMCID: PMC11425269 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.70058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease. DKD is a heterogeneous disease with complex pathophysiology where early endothelial dysfunction is associated with disease progression. The Tie2 receptor and Angiopoietin 1 and 2 ligands are critical for maintaining endothelial cell permeability and integrity. Tie2 signaling is negatively regulated by the endothelial specific transmembrane receptor Vascular Endothelial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (VEPTP). Genetic deletion of VEPTP protects from hypertension and diabetes induced renal injury in a mouse model of DKD. Here, we show that VEPTP inhibition with an extracellular domain targeting VEPTP antibody induced Tie2 phosphorylation and improved VEGF-A induced vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with the VEPTP blocking antibody decreased the renal expression of endothelial activation markers (Angpt2, Edn1, and Icam1) but failed to improve kidney function in db/db uninephrectomized ReninAAV DKD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashree Rana
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Thomas A. Natoli
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Puneet Khandelwal
- Biologics Discovery, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Pavlos Pissios
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Abdul Bari Muhammad
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Vaja Chipashvili
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Krista P. Farrington
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Wen Zhou
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Gang Zheng
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nikolay O. Bukanov
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alessandro Pocai
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Maria Chiara Magnone
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentSpring HousePennsylvaniaUSA
- Cardiovascular and Metabolism, Johnson & Johnson Research & DevelopmentCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
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Berger JH, Shi Y, Matsuura TR, Batmanov K, Chen X, Tam K, Marshall M, Kue R, Patel J, Taing R, Callaway R, Griffin J, Kovacs A, Shanthappa DH, Miller R, Zhang BB, Roth Flach RJ, Kelly DP. Two-hit mouse model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction combining diet-induced obesity and renin-mediated hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.06.597821. [PMID: 38895483 PMCID: PMC11185718 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.06.597821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly common but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The ability to assess genetic and pharmacologic interventions is hampered by the lack of robust preclinical mouse models of HFpEF. We have developed a novel "2-hit" model, which combines obesity and insulin resistance with chronic pressure overload to recapitulate clinical features of HFpEF. C57BL6/NJ mice fed a high fat diet for >10 weeks were administered an AAV8-driven vector resulting in constitutive overexpression of mouse Renin1d . Control mice, HFD only, Renin only and HFD-Renin (aka "HFpEF") littermates underwent a battery of cardiac and extracardiac phenotyping. HFD-Renin mice demonstrated obesity and insulin resistance, a 2-3-fold increase in circulating renin levels that resulted in 30-40% increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, preserved systolic function, and diastolic dysfunction indicated by altered E/e', IVRT, and strain measurements; increased left atrial mass; elevated natriuretic peptides; and exercise intolerance. Transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling of HFD-Renin myocardium demonstrated upregulation of pro-fibrotic pathways and downregulation of metabolic pathways, in particular branched chain amino acid catabolism, similar to findings in human HFpEF. Treatment of these mice with the sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin, an effective but incompletely understood HFpEF therapy, improved exercise tolerance, left heart enlargement, and insulin homeostasis. The HFD-Renin mouse model recapitulates key features of human HFpEF and will enable studies dissecting the contribution of individual pathogenic drivers to this complex syndrome. Addition of HFD-Renin mice to the preclinical HFpEF model platform allows for orthogonal studies to increase validity in assessment of interventions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex disease to study due to limited preclinical models. We rigorously characterize a new two-hit HFpEF mouse model, which allows for dissecting individual contributions and synergy of major pathogenic drivers, hypertension and diet-induced obesity. The results are consistent and reproducible in two independent laboratories. This high-fidelity pre-clinical model increases the available, orthogonal models needed to improve our understanding of the causes and assessment treatments for HFpEF.
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Becerra Calderon A, Shroff UN, Deepak S, Izuhara A, Trogen G, McDonough AA, Gurley SB, Nelson JW, Peti‐Peterdi J, Gyarmati G. Angiotensin II Directly Increases Endothelial Calcium and Nitric Oxide in Kidney and Brain Microvessels In Vivo With Reduced Efficacy in Hypertension. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033998. [PMID: 38726925 PMCID: PMC11179802 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II via type 1 angiotensin II receptors in vascular smooth muscle cells are well established, but the direct effects of angiotensin II on vascular endothelial cells (VECs) in vivo and the mechanisms how VECs may mitigate angiotensin II-mediated vasoconstriction are not fully understood. The present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiological relevance of the direct actions of angiotensin II on VECs in kidney and brain microvessels in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS Changes in VEC intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) and nitric oxide (NO) production were visualized by intravital multiphoton microscopy of cadherin 5-Salsa6f mice or the endothelial uptake of NO-sensitive dye 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate, respectively. Kidney fibrosis by unilateral ureteral obstruction and Ready-to-use adeno-associated virus expressing Mouse Renin 1 gene (Ren1-AAV) hypertension were used as disease models. Acute systemic angiotensin II injections triggered >4-fold increases in VEC [Ca2+]i in brain and kidney resistance arterioles and capillaries that were blocked by pretreatment with the type 1 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor losartan, but not by the type 2 angiotensin II receptor inhibitor PD123319. VEC responded to acute angiotensin II by increased NO production as indicated by >1.5-fold increase in 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate fluorescence intensity. In mice with kidney fibrosis or hypertension, the angiotensin II-induced VEC [Ca2+]i and NO responses were significantly reduced, which was associated with more robust vasoconstrictions, VEC shedding, and microthrombi formation. CONCLUSIONS The present study directly visualized angiotensin II-induced increases in VEC [Ca2+]i and NO production that serve to counterbalance agonist-induced vasoconstriction and maintain residual organ blood flow. These direct and endothelium-specific angiotensin II effects were blunted in disease conditions and linked to endothelial dysfunction and the development of vascular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Becerra Calderon
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Urvi Nikhil Shroff
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Sachin Deepak
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Audrey Izuhara
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Greta Trogen
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Alicia A. McDonough
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Susan B. Gurley
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | | | - János Peti‐Peterdi
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
| | - Georgina Gyarmati
- Department of Physiology and NeuroscienceUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
- Zilkha Neurogenetic InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA
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Yang Z, Huang Z, Cao L. Biotransformation technology and high-value application of rapeseed meal: a review. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2022; 9:103. [PMID: 38647572 PMCID: PMC10991624 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-022-00586-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapeseed meal (RSM) is an agro-industrial residue of increased functional biological value that contains high-quality proteins for animal feed. Due to the presence of antinutritional factors and immature development technology, RSM is currently used as a limited feed additive and in other relatively low-value applications. With increasing emphasis on green and sustainable industrial development and the added value of agro-industrial residues, considerable attention has been directed to the removal of antinutritional factors from RSM using high-efficiency, environment-friendly, and cost-effective biotechnology. Similarly, the high-value biotransformations of RSM have been the focus of research programmes to improve utilization rate. In this review, we introduce the sources, the nutrient and antinutrient content of RSM, and emphasize improvements on RSM feed quality using biological methods and its biotransformation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfeng Yang
- School of Energy and Environmental Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zunxi Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
- School of Energy and Environmental Science, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Yunnan for Biomass Energy and Biotechnology of Environment, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, People's Republic of China.
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Normal University, No. 768 Juxian Street, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lijuan Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Yunnan Normal University, No. 768 Juxian Street, Chenggong, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, People's Republic of China
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5
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Nephroprotective Effects of Semaglutide as Mono- and Combination Treatment with Lisinopril in a Mouse Model of Hypertension-Accelerated Diabetic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071661. [PMID: 35884965 PMCID: PMC9313388 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension are critical risk factors for development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Emerging evidence suggests that glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists improve cardiovascular and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes patients. Here, we characterized the effect of the long-acting GLP-1R agonist semaglutide alone and in combination with an ACE inhibitor (lisinopril) in a model of hypertension-accelerated, advanced DKD facilitated by adeno-associated virus-mediated renin overexpression (ReninAAV) in uninephrectomized (UNx) female diabetic db/db mice. Methods: Female db/db mice received a single intravenous injection of ReninAAV 1 week prior to UNx. Six weeks post-nephrectomy, db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice were administered (q.d.) vehicle, semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c.) or semaglutide (30 nmol/kg, s.c.) + lisinopril (30 mg/kg, p.o.) for 11 weeks. Endpoints included blood pressure, plasma/urine biochemistry, kidney histopathology and RNA sequencing. Results: Vehicle-dosed db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice developed hallmarks of DKD characterized by severe albuminuria and advanced glomerulosclerosis. Semaglutide robustly reduced hyperglycemia, hypertension and albuminuria concurrent with notable improvements in glomerulosclerosis severity, podocyte filtration slit density, urine/renal kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels and gene expression markers of inflammation and fibrogenesis in db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice. Co-administration of lisinopril further ameliorated hypertension and glomerulosclerosis. Conclusions: Semaglutide improves disease hallmarks in the db/db UNx-ReninAAV mouse model of advanced DKD. Further benefits on renal outcomes were obtained by adjunctive antihypertensive standard of care. Collectively, our study supports the development of semaglutide for management of DKD.
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6
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Wu H, Gonzalez Villalobos R, Yao X, Reilly D, Chen T, Rankin M, Myshkin E, Breyer MD, Humphreys BD. Mapping the single-cell transcriptomic response of murine diabetic kidney disease to therapies. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1064-1078.e6. [PMID: 35709763 PMCID: PMC9262852 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) occurs in ∼40% of patients with diabetes and causes kidney failure, cardiovascular disease, and premature death. We analyzed the response of a murine DKD model to five treatment regimens using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Our atlas of ∼1 million cells revealed a heterogeneous response of all kidney cell types both to DKD and its treatment. Both monotherapy and combination therapies targeted differing cell types and induced distinct and non-overlapping transcriptional changes. The early effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on the S1 segment of the proximal tubule suggest that this drug class induces fasting mimicry and hypoxia responses. Diabetes downregulated the spliceosome regulator serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 7 (Srsf7) in proximal tubule that was specifically rescued by SGLT2i. In vitro proximal tubule knockdown of Srsf7 induced a pro-inflammatory phenotype, implicating alternative splicing as a driver of DKD and suggesting SGLT2i regulation of proximal tubule alternative splicing as a potential mechanism of action for this drug class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Xiang Yao
- Tox LJ Janssen Research & Development, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Tao Chen
- PSTS Janssen Research & Development, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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7
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Østergaard MV, Secher T, Christensen M, Salinas CG, Roostalu U, Skytte JL, Rune I, Hansen HH, Jelsing J, Vrang N, Fink LN. Therapeutic effects of lisinopril and empagliflozin in a mouse model of hypertension-accelerated diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F149-F161. [PMID: 34180715 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00154.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical comorbidity for progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). To facilitate the development of novel therapeutic interventions with the potential to control disease progression, there is a need to establish translational animal models that predict treatment effects in human DKD. The present study aimed to characterize renal disease and outcomes of standard of medical care in a model of advanced DKD facilitated by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated renin overexpression in uninephrectomized (UNx) db/db mice. Five weeks after single AAV administration and 4 wk after UNx, female db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice received (PO, QD) vehicle, lisinopril (40 mg/kg), empagliflozin (20 mg/kg), or combination treatment for 12 wk (n = 17 mice/group). Untreated db/+ mice (n = 8) and vehicle-dosed db/db UNx-LacZAAV mice (n = 17) served as controls. End points included plasma, urine, and histomorphometric markers of kidney disease. Total glomerular numbers and individual glomerular volume were evaluated by whole kidney three-dimensional imaging analysis. db/db UNx-ReninAAV mice developed hallmarks of progressive DKD characterized by severe albuminuria, advanced glomerulosclerosis, and glomerular hypertrophy. Lisinopril significantly improved albuminuria, glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial injury, and inflammation. Although empagliflozin alone had no therapeutic effect on renal endpoints, lisinopril and empagliflozin exerted synergistic effects on renal histological outcomes. In conclusion, the db/db UNx-ReninAAV mouse demonstrates good clinical translatability with respect to physiological and histological hallmarks of progressive DKD. The efficacy of standard of care to control hypertension and hyperglycemia provides a proof of concept for testing novel drug therapies in the model.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Translational animal models of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are important tools in preclinical research and drug discovery. Here, we show that the standard of care to control hypertension (lisinopril) and hyperglycemia (empagliflozin) improves physiological and histopathological hallmarks of kidney disease in a mouse model of hypertension-accelerated progressive DKD. The findings substantiate hypertension and type 2 diabetes as essential factors in driving DKD progression and provide a proof of concept for probing novel drugs for potential nephroprotective efficacy in this model.
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8
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Hum JM, O'Bryan LM, Tatiparthi AK, Clinkenbeard EL, Ni P, Cramer MS, Bhaskaran M, Johnson RL, Wilson JM, Smith RC, White KE. Sustained Klotho delivery reduces serum phosphate in a model of diabetic nephropathy. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:854-862. [PMID: 30605400 PMCID: PMC6485689 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00838.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary cause of end-stage renal disease and is becoming more prevalent because of the global rise in type 2 diabetes. A model of DN, the db/db uninephrectomized ( db/db-uni) mouse, is characterized by obesity, as well as compromised renal function. This model also manifests defects in mineral metabolism common in DN, including hyperphosphatemia, which leads to severe endocrine disease. The FGF23 coreceptor, α-Klotho, circulates as a soluble, cleaved form (cKL) and may directly influence phosphate handling. Our study sought to test the effects of cKL on mineral metabolism in db/db-uni mice. Mice were placed into either mild or moderate disease groups on the basis of the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR). Body weights of db/db-uni mice were significantly greater across the study compared with lean controls regardless of disease severity. Adeno-associated cKL administration was associated with increased serum Klotho, intact, bioactive FGF23 (iFGF23), and COOH-terminal fragments of FGF23 ( P < 0.05). Blood urea nitrogen was improved after cKL administration, and cKL corrected hyperphosphatemia in the high- and low-ACR db/db-uni groups. Interestingly, 2 wk after cKL delivery, blood glucose levels were significantly reduced in db/db-uni mice with high ACR ( P < 0.05). Interestingly, several genes associated with stabilizing active iFGF23 were also increased in the osteoblastic UMR-106 cell line with cKL treatment. In summary, delivery of cKL to a model of DN normalized blood phosphate levels regardless of disease severity, supporting the concept that targeting cKL-affected pathways could provide future therapeutic avenues in DN. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this work, systemic and continuous delivery of the "soluble" or "cleaved" form of the FGF23 coreceptor α-Klotho (cKL) via adeno-associated virus to a rodent model of diabetic nephropathy (DN), the db/db uninephrectomized mouse, normalized blood phosphate levels regardless of disease severity. This work supports the concept that targeting cKL-affected pathways could provide future therapeutic avenues for the severe mineral metabolism defects associated with DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Hum
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Marian University , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Linda M O'Bryan
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Arun K Tatiparthi
- Lead Optimization Toxicology and Pharmacology, Covance Incorporated, Greenfield, Indiana
| | - Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Pu Ni
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin S Cramer
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Manoj Bhaskaran
- Toxicology and Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Robert L Johnson
- Toxicology and Pathology, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jonathan M Wilson
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Rosamund C Smith
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company , Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kenneth E White
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine , Indianapolis, Indiana
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9
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Carota IA, Kenig-Kozlovsky Y, Onay T, Scott R, Thomson BR, Souma T, Bartlett CS, Li Y, Procissi D, Ramirez V, Yamaguchi S, Tarjus A, Tanna CE, Li C, Eremina V, Vestweber D, Oladipupo SS, Breyer MD, Quaggin SE. Targeting VE-PTP phosphatase protects the kidney from diabetic injury. J Exp Med 2019; 216:936-949. [PMID: 30886059 PMCID: PMC6446875 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of kidney failure. VE-PTP phosphatase expression is increased in the endothelium of rodents with diabetes and hypertension. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP reduces kidney injury in diabetic mice, suggesting it may be a therapeutic target. Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage kidney failure. Reduced angiopoietin-TIE2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in the vasculature leads to increased vascular permeability, inflammation, and endothelial cell loss and is associated with the development of diabetic complications. Here, we identified a mechanism to explain how TIE2 signaling is attenuated in diabetic animals. Expression of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase VE-PTP (also known as PTPRB), which dephosphorylates TIE2, is robustly up-regulated in the renal microvasculature of diabetic rodents, thereby reducing TIE2 activity. Increased VE-PTP expression was dependent on hypoxia-inducible factor transcriptional activity in vivo. Genetic deletion of VE-PTP restored TIE2 activity independent of ligand availability and protected kidney structure and function in a mouse model of severe diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, inhibition of VE-PTP activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and led to nuclear exclusion of the FOXO1 transcription factor, reducing expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic gene targets. In sum, we identify inhibition of VE-PTP as a promising therapeutic target to protect the kidney from diabetic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel A Carota
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yael Kenig-Kozlovsky
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Rizaldy Scott
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Benjamin R Thomson
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christina S Bartlett
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Yanyang Li
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Daniele Procissi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Veronica Ramirez
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Shinji Yamaguchi
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Antoine Tarjus
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Christine E Tanna
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Chengjin Li
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vera Eremina
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Matthew D Breyer
- Eli Lilly & Company, Biotechnology Discovery Research, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL .,Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
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10
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Harlan SM, Heinz-Taheny KM, Overstreet JM, Breyer MD, Harris RC, Heuer JG. Pathological and Transcriptome Changes in the ReninAAV db/db uNx Model of Advanced Diabetic Kidney Disease Exhibit Features of Human Disease. Toxicol Pathol 2018; 46:991-998. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623318804986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ReninAAV db/db uNx model of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) exhibits hallmarks of advanced human disease, including progressive elevations in albuminuria and serum creatinine, loss of glomerular filtration rate, and pathological changes. Microarray analysis of renal transcriptome changes were more similar to human DKD when compared to db/db eNOS−/− model. The model responds to treatment with arterial pressure lowering (lisinopril) or glycemic control (rosiglitazone) at early stages of disease. We hypothesized the ReninAAV db/db uNx model with advanced disease would have residual disease after treatment with lisinopril, rosiglitazone, or combination of both. To test this, ReninAAV db/db uNx mice with advanced disease were treated with lisinopril, rosiglitazone, or combination of both for 10 weeks. All treatment groups showed significant lowering of urinary albumin to creatinine ratio compared to baseline; however, only combination group exhibited lowering of serum creatinine. Treatment improved renal pathological scores compared to baseline values with residual disease evident in all treatment groups when compared to db/m controls. Gene expression analysis by TaqMan supported pathological changes with increased fibrotic and inflammatory markers. The results further validate this model of DKD in which residual disease is present when treated with agents to lower arterial pressure and glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M. Harlan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen M. Heinz-Taheny
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jessica M. Overstreet
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Matthew D. Breyer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Raymond C. Harris
- Division of Nephrology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Josef G. Heuer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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11
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Harlan SM, Heinz-Taheny KM, Sullivan JM, Wei T, Baker HE, Jaqua DL, Qi Z, Cramer MS, Shiyanova TL, Breyer MD, Heuer JG. Progressive Renal Disease Established by Renin-Coding Adeno-Associated Virus-Driven Hypertension in Diverse Diabetic Models. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 29:477-491. [PMID: 29061652 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017040385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in research and developing therapeutics to prevent diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is limited by a lack of animal models exhibiting progressive kidney disease. Chronic hypertension, a driving factor of disease progression in human patients, is lacking in most available models of diabetes. We hypothesized that superimposition of hypertension on diabetic mouse models would accelerate DKD. To test this possibility, we induced persistent hypertension in three mouse models of type 1 diabetes and two models of type 2 diabetes by adeno-associated virus delivery of renin (ReninAAV). Compared with LacZAAV-treated counterparts, ReninAAV-treated type 1 diabetic Akita/129 mice exhibited a substantial increase in albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and serum creatinine level and more severe renal lesions. In type 2 models of diabetes (C57BKLS db/db and BTBR ob/ob mice), compared with LacZAAV, ReninAAV induced significant elevations in ACR and increased the incidence and severity of histopathologic findings, with increased serum creatinine detected only in the ReninAAV-treated db/db mice. The uninephrectomized ReninAAV db/db model was the most progressive model examined and further characterized. In this model, separate treatment of hyperglycemia with rosiglitazone or hypertension with lisinopril partially reduced ACR, consistent with independent contributions of these disorders to renal disease. Microarray analysis and comparison with human DKD showed common pathways affected in human disease and this model. These results identify novel models of progressive DKD that provide researchers with a facile and reliable method to study disease pathogenesis and support the development of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Harlan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - John M Sullivan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tao Wei
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hana E Baker
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dianna L Jaqua
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Zhonghua Qi
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin S Cramer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Matthew D Breyer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Josef G Heuer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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12
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Quinn L, Gray SG, Meaney S, Finn S, McLoughlin P, Hayes M. Extraction and Quantification of Sinapinic Acid from Irish Rapeseed Meal and Assessment of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE-I) Inhibitory Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6886-6892. [PMID: 28748695 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, are known to play a protective role against the development of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this work was to generate a phenolic acid extract from Irish rapeseed meal, to determine the quantity of sinapinic acid (SA) in this fraction and to assess the ability of this fraction to inhibit the enzyme angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE-I; EC 3.4.15.1). A crude phenolic extract (fraction 1), free phenolic acid containing extract (fraction 2), and an extract containing phenolic acids liberated from esters (fraction 3) were generated from Irish rapeseed meal using a methanol:acetone:water solvent mixture (7:7:6). The total phenolic content (TPC) of each extract was determined and proximate analysis performed to determine the fat, moisture, and protein content of these extracts. Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy was used to quantify the level of SA in extract 3, which inhibited ACE-I by 91% ± 0.08 when assayed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, compared to the control, captopril, which inhibited ACE by 97% ± 0.01 when assayed at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Quinn
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Steven G Gray
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, St. James's Hospital , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Steve Meaney
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Sciences and Health and Environment, Sustainability and Health Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Stephen Finn
- Department of Histopathology, Central Pathology Department, St. James's Hospital , Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Padraig McLoughlin
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
| | - Maria Hayes
- Food Biosciences Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre , Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
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13
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Heuer JG, Harlan SM, Yang DD, Jaqua DL, Boyles JS, Wilson JM, Heinz-Taheny KM, Sullivan JM, Wei T, Qian HR, Witcher DR, Breyer MD. Role of TGF-alpha in the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F951-F962. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00443.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFA) has been shown to play a role in experimental chronic kidney disease associated with nephron reduction, while its role in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is unknown. We show here that intrarenal TGFA mRNA expression, as well as urine and serum TGFA, are increased in human DKD. We used a TGFA neutralizing antibody to determine the role of TGFA in two models of renal disease, the remnant surgical reduction model and the uninephrectomized (uniNx) db/db DKD model. In addition, the contribution of TGFA to DKD progression was examined using an adeno-associated virus approach to increase circulating TGFA in experimental DKD. In vivo blockade of TGFA attenuated kidney disease progression in both nondiabetic 129S6 nephron reduction and Type 2 diabetic uniNx db/db models, whereas overexpression of TGFA in uniNx db/db model accelerated renal disease. Therapeutic activity of the TGFA antibody was enhanced with renin angiotensin system inhibition with further improvement in renal parameters. These findings suggest a pathologic contribution of TGFA in DKD and support the possibility that therapeutic administration of neutralizing antibodies could provide a novel treatment for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef G. Heuer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Shannon M. Harlan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Derek D. Yang
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Dianna L. Jaqua
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jeffrey S. Boyles
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jonathan M. Wilson
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathleen M. Heinz-Taheny
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John M. Sullivan
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tao Wei
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hui-Rong Qian
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Derrick R. Witcher
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Matthew D. Breyer
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
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14
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Hum JM, O'Bryan LM, Tatiparthi AK, Cass TA, Clinkenbeard EL, Cramer MS, Bhaskaran M, Johnson RL, Wilson JM, Smith RC, White KE. Chronic Hyperphosphatemia and Vascular Calcification Are Reduced by Stable Delivery of Soluble Klotho. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1162-1174. [PMID: 27837149 PMCID: PMC5373441 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015111266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
αKlotho (αKL) regulates mineral metabolism, and diseases associated with αKL deficiency are characterized by hyperphosphatemia and vascular calcification (VC). αKL is expressed as a membrane-bound protein (mKL) and recognized as the coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and a circulating soluble form (cKL) created by endoproteolytic cleavage of mKL. The functions of cKL with regard to phosphate metabolism are unclear. We tested the ability of cKL to regulate pathways and phenotypes associated with hyperphosphatemia in a mouse model of CKD-mineral bone disorder and αKL-null mice. Stable delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing cKL to diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice or αKL-null mice reduced serum phosphate levels. Acute injection of recombinant cKL downregulated the renal sodium-phosphate cotransporter Npt2a in αKL-null mice supporting direct actions of cKL in the absence of mKL. αKL-null mice with sustained AAV-cKL expression had a 74%-78% reduction in aorta mineral content and a 72%-77% reduction in mineral volume compared with control-treated counterparts (P<0.01). Treatment of UMR-106 osteoblastic cells with cKL + FGF23 increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and induced Fgf23 expression. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) or pretreatment with inhibitors of mitogen-activated kinase kinase 1 or FGFR ablated these responses. In summary, sustained cKL treatment reduced hyperphosphatemia in a mouse model of CKD-mineral bone disorder, and it reduced hyperphosphatemia and prevented VC in mice without endogenous αKL. Furthermore, cKL stimulated Fgf23 in an FGFR1-dependent manner in bone cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that cKL has mKL-independent activity and suggest the potential for enhancing cKL activity in diseases of hyperphosphatemia with associated VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Hum
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Linda M O'Bryan
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories
| | - Arun K Tatiparthi
- Lead Optimization Toxicology and Pharmacology, Covance Inc., Greenfield, Indiana
| | - Taryn A Cass
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Erica L Clinkenbeard
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Martin S Cramer
- Biotechnology Discovery Research, Lilly Research Laboratories
| | | | | | - Jonathan M Wilson
- Tailored Therapeutics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana; and
| | | | - Kenneth E White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Division of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;
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