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Smith JAB, Murach KA, Dyar KA, Zierath JR. Exercise metabolism and adaptation in skeletal muscle. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2023; 24:607-632. [PMID: 37225892 PMCID: PMC10527431 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00606-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Viewing metabolism through the lens of exercise biology has proven an accessible and practical strategy to gain new insights into local and systemic metabolic regulation. Recent methodological developments have advanced understanding of the central role of skeletal muscle in many exercise-associated health benefits and have uncovered the molecular underpinnings driving adaptive responses to training regimens. In this Review, we provide a contemporary view of the metabolic flexibility and functional plasticity of skeletal muscle in response to exercise. First, we provide background on the macrostructure and ultrastructure of skeletal muscle fibres, highlighting the current understanding of sarcomeric networks and mitochondrial subpopulations. Next, we discuss acute exercise skeletal muscle metabolism and the signalling, transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of adaptations to exercise training. We address knowledge gaps throughout and propose future directions for the field. This Review contextualizes recent research of skeletal muscle exercise metabolism, framing further advances and translation into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon A B Smith
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kevin A Murach
- Molecular Mass Regulation Laboratory, Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Kenneth A Dyar
- Metabolic Physiology, Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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2
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Negoita F, Addinsall AB, Hellberg K, Bringas CF, Hafen PS, Sermersheim TJ, Agerholm M, Lewis CTA, Ahwazi D, Ling NXY, Larsen JK, Deshmukh AS, Hossain MA, Oakhill JS, Ochala J, Brault JJ, Sankar U, Drewry DH, Scott JW, Witczak CA, Sakamoto K. CaMKK2 is not involved in contraction-stimulated AMPK activation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Mol Metab 2023; 75:101761. [PMID: 37380024 PMCID: PMC10362367 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gets activated in response to energetic stress such as contractions and plays a vital role in regulating various metabolic processes such as insulin-independent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The main upstream kinase that activates AMPK through phosphorylation of α-AMPK Thr172 in skeletal muscle is LKB1, however some studies have suggested that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) acts as an alternative kinase to activate AMPK. We aimed to establish whether CaMKK2 is involved in activation of AMPK and promotion of glucose uptake following contractions in skeletal muscle. METHODS A recently developed CaMKK2 inhibitor (SGC-CAMKK2-1) alongside a structurally related but inactive compound (SGC-CAMKK2-1N), as well as CaMKK2 knock-out (KO) mice were used. In vitro kinase inhibition selectivity and efficacy assays, as well as cellular inhibition efficacy analyses of CaMKK inhibitors (STO-609 and SGC-CAMKK2-1) were performed. Phosphorylation and activity of AMPK following contractions (ex vivo) in mouse skeletal muscles treated with/without CaMKK inhibitors or isolated from wild-type (WT)/CaMKK2 KO mice were assessed. Camkk2 mRNA in mouse tissues was measured by qPCR. CaMKK2 protein expression was assessed by immunoblotting with or without prior enrichment of calmodulin-binding proteins from skeletal muscle extracts, as well as by mass spectrometry-based proteomics of mouse skeletal muscle and C2C12 myotubes. RESULTS STO-609 and SGC-CAMKK2-1 were equally potent and effective in inhibiting CaMKK2 in cell-free and cell-based assays, but SGC-CAMKK2-1 was much more selective. Contraction-stimulated phosphorylation and activation of AMPK were not affected with CaMKK inhibitors or in CaMKK2 null muscles. Contraction-stimulated glucose uptake was comparable between WT and CaMKK2 KO muscle. Both CaMKK inhibitors (STO-609 and SGC-CAMKK2-1) and the inactive compound (SGC-CAMKK2-1N) significantly inhibited contraction-stimulated glucose uptake. SGC-CAMKK2-1 also inhibited glucose uptake induced by a pharmacological AMPK activator or insulin. Relatively low levels of Camkk2 mRNA were detected in mouse skeletal muscle, but neither CaMKK2 protein nor its derived peptides were detectable in mouse skeletal muscle tissue. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of CaMKK2 does not affect contraction-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation and activation, as well as glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Previously observed inhibitory effect of STO-609 on AMPK activity and glucose uptake is likely due to off-target effects. CaMKK2 protein is either absent from adult murine skeletal muscle or below the detection limit of currently available methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentina Negoita
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Alex B Addinsall
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Kristina Hellberg
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Conchita Fraguas Bringas
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Paul S Hafen
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Division of Science, Indiana University Purdue University Columbus, Columbus, IN 47203, USA
| | - Tyler J Sermersheim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Marianne Agerholm
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Christopher T A Lewis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Danial Ahwazi
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Naomi X Y Ling
- Metabolic Signalling, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Jeppe K Larsen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Atul S Deshmukh
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Mohammad A Hossain
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan S Oakhill
- Metabolic Signalling, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, VIC 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Julien Ochala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Uma Sankar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - David H Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - John W Scott
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia
| | - Carol A Witczak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, and Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Indiana Center for Diabetes & Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Genomic Mechanisms of Disease, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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Dent JR, Stocks B, Campelj DG, Philp A. Transient changes to metabolic homeostasis initiate mitochondrial adaptation to endurance exercise. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 143:3-16. [PMID: 35351374 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is well established to increase mitochondrial content and function in skeletal muscle, a process termed mitochondrial biogenesis. Current understanding is that exercise initiates skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling via modulation of cellular nutrient, energetic and contractile stress pathways. These subtle changes in the cellular milieu are sensed by numerous transduction pathways that serve to initiate and coordinate an increase in mitochondrial gene transcription and translation. The result of these acute signaling events is the promotion of growth and assembly of mitochondria, coupled to a greater capacity for aerobic ATP provision in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to highlight the acute metabolic events induced by endurance exercise and the subsequent molecular pathways that sense this transient change in cellular homeostasis to drive mitochondrial adaptation and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Dent
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dean G Campelj
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing Laboratory, Healthy Ageing Research Theme, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia; St Vincent's Medical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Taurine Stimulates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Modulates the Skeletal Muscle Functions in Rats via the Induction of Intracellular Calcium Influx. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044125. [PMID: 36835534 PMCID: PMC9962205 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a free amino acid abundantly found in mammalian tissues. Taurine plays a role in the maintenance of skeletal muscle functions and is associated with exercise capacity. However, the mechanism underlying taurine function in skeletal muscles has not yet been elucidated. In this study, to investigate the mechanism of taurine function in the skeletal muscles, the effects of short-term administration of a relatively low dose of taurine on the skeletal muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats and the underlying mechanism of taurine function in cultured L6 myotubes were investigated. The results obtained in this study in rats and L6 cells indicate that taurine modulates the skeletal muscle function by stimulating the expression of genes and proteins associated with mitochondrial and respiratory metabolism through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase via the calcium signaling pathway.
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Stocks B, Zierath JR. Post-translational Modifications: The Signals at the Intersection of Exercise, Glucose Uptake, and Insulin Sensitivity. Endocr Rev 2022; 43:654-677. [PMID: 34730177 PMCID: PMC9277643 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnab038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a global epidemic, of which type 2 diabetes makes up the majority of cases. Nonetheless, for some individuals, type 2 diabetes is eminently preventable and treatable via lifestyle interventions. Glucose uptake into skeletal muscle increases during and in recovery from exercise, with exercise effective at controlling glucose homeostasis in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, acute and chronic exercise sensitizes skeletal muscle to insulin. A complex network of signals converge and interact to regulate glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity in response to exercise. Numerous forms of post-translational modifications (eg, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, ribosylation, and more) are regulated by exercise. Here we review the current state of the art of the role of post-translational modifications in transducing exercise-induced signals to modulate glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity within skeletal muscle. Furthermore, we consider emerging evidence for noncanonical signaling in the control of glucose homeostasis and the potential for regulation by exercise. While exercise is clearly an effective intervention to reduce glycemia and improve insulin sensitivity, the insulin- and exercise-sensitive signaling networks orchestrating this biology are not fully clarified. Elucidation of the complex proteome-wide interactions between post-translational modifications and the associated functional implications will identify mechanisms by which exercise regulates glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In doing so, this knowledge should illuminate novel therapeutic targets to enhance insulin sensitivity for the clinical management of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stocks
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Departments of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Silva RNO, Llanos RP, Eichler RAS, Oliveira TB, Gozzo FC, Festuccia WT, Ferro ES. New Intracellular Peptide Derived from Hemoglobin Alpha Chain Induces Glucose Uptake and Reduces Blood Glycemia. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122175. [PMID: 34959456 PMCID: PMC8708875 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular peptides were shown to derive from proteasomal degradation of proteins from mammalian and yeast cells, being suggested to play distinctive roles both inside and outside these cells. Here, the role of intracellular peptides previously identified from skeletal muscle and adipose tissues of C57BL6/N wild type (WT) and neurolysin knockout mice were investigated. In differentiated C2C12 mouse skeletal muscle cells, some of these intracellular peptides like insulin activated the expression of several genes related to muscle contraction and gluconeogenesis. One of these peptides, LASVSTVLTSKYR (Ric4; 600 µg/kg), administrated either intraperitoneally or orally in WT mice, decreased glycemia. Neither insulin (10 nM) nor Ric4 (100 µM) induced glucose uptake in adipose tissue explants obtained from conditional knockout mice depleted of insulin receptor. Ric4 (100 µM) similarly to insulin (100 nM) induced Glut4 translocation to the plasma membrane of C2C12 differentiated cells, and increased GLUT4 mRNA levels in epididymal adipose tissue of WT mice. Ric4 (100 µM) increased both Erk and Akt phosphorylation in C2C12, as well as in epididymal adipose tissue from WT mice; Erk, but not Akt phosphorylation was activated by Ric4 in tibial skeletal muscle from WT mice. Ric4 is rapidly degraded in vitro by WT liver and kidney crude extracts, such a response that is largely reduced by structural modifications such as N-terminal acetylation, C-terminal amidation, and substitution of Leu8 for DLeu8 (Ac-LASVSTV[DLeu]TSKYR-NH2; Ric4-16). Ric4-16, among several Ric4 derivatives, efficiently induced glucose uptake in differentiated C2C12 cells. Among six Ric4-derivatives evaluated in vivo, Ac-LASVSTVLTSKYR-NH2 (Ric4-2; 600 µg/kg) and Ac-LASVSTV[DLeu]TSKYR (Ric4-15; 600 µg/kg) administrated orally efficiently reduced glycemia in a glucose tolerance test in WT mice. The potential clinical application of Ric4 and Ric4-derivatives deserves further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée N. O. Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Ricardo P. Llanos
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Rosangela A. S. Eichler
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
| | - Thiago B. Oliveira
- Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (T.B.O.); (W.T.F.)
| | - Fábio C. Gozzo
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - William T. Festuccia
- Physiology and Biophysics, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (T.B.O.); (W.T.F.)
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil; (R.N.O.S.); (R.P.L.); (R.A.S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7310
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Akberdin IR, Kiselev IN, Pintus SS, Sharipov RN, Vertyshev AY, Vinogradova OL, Popov DV, Kolpakov FA. A Modular Mathematical Model of Exercise-Induced Changes in Metabolism, Signaling, and Gene Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10353. [PMID: 34638694 PMCID: PMC8508736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the principal contributor to exercise-induced changes in human metabolism. Strikingly, although it has been demonstrated that a lot of metabolites accumulating in blood and human skeletal muscle during an exercise activate different signaling pathways and induce the expression of many genes in working muscle fibres, the systematic understanding of signaling-metabolic pathway interrelations with downstream genetic regulation in the skeletal muscle is still elusive. Herein, a physiologically based computational model of skeletal muscle comprising energy metabolism, Ca2+, and AMPK (AMP-dependent protein kinase) signaling pathways and the expression regulation of genes with early and delayed responses was developed based on a modular modeling approach and included 171 differential equations and more than 640 parameters. The integrated modular model validated on diverse including original experimental data and different exercise modes provides a comprehensive in silico platform in order to decipher and track cause-effect relationships between metabolic, signaling, and gene expression levels in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya R. Akberdin
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ilya N. Kiselev
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey S. Pintus
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan N. Sharipov
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Olga L. Vinogradova
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daniil V. Popov
- Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Fedor A. Kolpakov
- Department of Computational Biology, Scientific Center for Information Technologies and Artificial Intelligence, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (I.N.K.); (S.S.P.); (R.N.S.); (F.A.K.)
- BIOSOFT.RU, LLC, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Federal Research Center for Information and Computational Technologies, 633010 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Rajakylä EK, Lehtimäki JI, Acheva A, Schaible N, Lappalainen P, Krishnan R, Tojkander S. Assembly of Peripheral Actomyosin Bundles in Epithelial Cells Is Dependent on the CaMKK2/AMPK Pathway. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4266-4280.e4. [PMID: 32209483 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in the maintenance of intercellular junctions are associated with loss of epithelial barrier function and consequent pathological conditions, including invasive cancers. Epithelial integrity is dependent on actomyosin bundles at adherens junctions, but the origin of these junctional bundles is incompletely understood. Here we show that peripheral actomyosin bundles can be generated from a specific actin stress fiber subtype, transverse arcs, through their lateral fusion at cell-cell contacts. Importantly, we find that assembly and maintenance of peripheral actomyosin bundles are dependent on the mechanosensitive CaMKK2/AMPK signaling pathway and that inhibition of this route leads to disruption of tension-maintaining actomyosin bundles and re-growth of stress fiber precursors. This results in redistribution of cellular forces, defects in monolayer integrity, and loss of epithelial identity. These data provide evidence that the mechanosensitive CaMKK2/AMPK pathway is critical for the maintenance of peripheral actomyosin bundles and thus dictates cell-cell junctions through cellular force distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anna Acheva
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niccole Schaible
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pekka Lappalainen
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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The Regulation of Fat Metabolism During Aerobic Exercise. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121699. [PMID: 33371437 PMCID: PMC7767423 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the lipid profile is altered by physical activity, the study of lipid metabolism is a remarkable element in understanding if and how physical activity affects the health of both professional athletes and sedentary subjects. Although not fully defined, it has become clear that resistance exercise uses fat as an energy source. The fatty acid oxidation rate is the result of the following processes: (a) triglycerides lipolysis, most abundant in fat adipocytes and intramuscular triacylglycerol (IMTG) stores, (b) fatty acid transport from blood plasma to muscle sarcoplasm, (c) availability and hydrolysis rate of intramuscular triglycerides, and (d) transport of fatty acids through the mitochondrial membrane. In this review, we report some studies concerning the relationship between exercise and the aforementioned processes also in light of hormonal controls and molecular regulations within fat and skeletal muscle cells.
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Alghamdi F, Alshuweishi Y, Salt IP. Regulation of nutrient uptake by AMP-activated protein kinase. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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A complete map of the Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) signaling pathway. J Cell Commun Signal 2020; 15:283-290. [PMID: 33136287 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-020-00592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CAMKK2) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase belonging to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily. CAMKK2 has an autocatalytic site, which gets exposed when Ca2+/calmodulin (CAM) binds to it. This results in autophosphorylation and complete activation of CAMKK2. The three major known downstream targets of CAMKK2 are 5'-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPKα), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 1 (CAMK1) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 4 (CAMK4). Activation of these targets by CAMKK2 is important for the maintenance of different cellular and physiological processes within the cell. CAMKK2 is found to be important in neuronal development, bone remodeling, adipogenesis, and systemic glucose homeostasis, osteoclastgensis and postnatal myogensis. CAMKK2 is reported to be involved in pathologies like Duchenne muscular dystrophy, inflammation, osteoporosis and bone remodeling and is also reported to be overexpressed in prostate cancer, hepatic cancer, ovarian and gastric cancer. CAMKK2 is involved in increased cell proliferation and migration through CAMKK2/AMPK pathway in prostate cancer and activation of AKT in ovarian cancer. Although CAMKK2 is a molecule of great importance, a public resource of the CAMKK2 signaling pathway is currently lacking. Therefore, we carried out detailed data mining and documentation of the signaling events associated with CAMKK2 from published literature and developed an integrated reaction map of CAMKK2 signaling. This resulted in the cataloging of 285 reactions belonging to the CAMKK2 signaling pathway, which includes 33 protein-protein interactions, 74 post-translational modifications, 7 protein translocation events, and 22 activation/inhibition events. Besides, 124 gene regulation events and 25 activator/inhibitors involved in CAMKK2 activation were also cataloged. The CAMKK2 signaling pathway map data is made freely accessible through WikiPathway database ( https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php/Pathway:WP4874 ). We expect that data on a signaling map of CAMKK2 will provide the scientific community with an improved platform to facilitate further molecular as well as biomedical investigations on CAMKK2 and its utility in the development of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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12
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Maruta H, Yamashita H. Acetic acid stimulates G-protein-coupled receptor GPR43 and induces intracellular calcium influx in L6 myotube cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239428. [PMID: 32997697 PMCID: PMC7526932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced endogenously in the gut by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber have been studied as nutrients that act as signaling molecules to activate G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) such as GPR41 and GPR43. GPR43 functioning involves the suppression of lipid accumulation and maintaining body energy homeostasis, and is activated by acetic acid or propionic acid. Previously, we reported that the orally administered acetic acid improves lipid metabolism in liver and skeletal muscles and suppresses obesity, thus improving glucose tolerance. Acetic acid stimulates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through its metabolic pathway in skeletal muscle cells. We hypothesized that acetic acid would stimulate GPR43 in skeletal muscle cells and has function in modulating gene expression related to muscle characteristics through its signal pathway. The objective of the current study was to clarify this effect of acetic acid. The GPR43 expression, observed in the differentiated myotube cells, was increased upon acetic acid treatment. Acetic acid induced the intracellular calcium influx in the cells and this induction was significantly inhibited by the GPR43-specific siRNA treatment. The calcineurin molecule is activated by calcium/calmodulin and is associated with proliferation of slow-twitch fibers. Calcineurin was activated by acetic acid treatment and inhibited by the concomitant treatment with GPR43-siRNA. Acetic acid induced nuclear localization of myocyte enhancer factor 2A (MEF2A), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and nuclear factor of activated t cells c1 (NFATc1). However, these localizations were abolished by the treatment with GPR43-siRNA. It was concluded that acetic acid plays a role in the activation of GPR43 and involves the proliferation of slow-twitch fibers in L6 skeletal muscles through the calcium-signaling pathway caused by induction of intracellular calcium influx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Maruta
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yamashita
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Okayama, Japan
- Graduate School of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, Soja, Okayama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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13
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Rothschild JA, Bishop DJ. Effects of Dietary Supplements on Adaptations to Endurance Training. Sports Med 2020; 50:25-53. [PMID: 31531769 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01185-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endurance training leads to a variety of adaptations at the cellular and systemic levels that serve to minimise disruptions in whole-body homeostasis caused by exercise. These adaptations are differentially affected by training volume, training intensity, and training status, as well as by nutritional choices that can enhance or impair the response to training. A variety of supplements have been studied in the context of acute performance enhancement, but the effects of continued supplementation concurrent to endurance training programs are less well characterised. For example, supplements such as sodium bicarbonate and beta-alanine can improve endurance performance and possibly training adaptations during endurance training by affecting buffering capacity and/or allowing an increased training intensity, while antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E may impair training adaptations by blunting cellular signalling but appear to have little effect on performance outcomes. Additionally, limited data suggest the potential for dietary nitrate (in the form of beetroot juice), creatine, and possibly caffeine, to further enhance endurance training adaptation. Therefore, the objective of this review is to examine the impact of dietary supplements on metabolic and physiological adaptations to endurance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Rothschild
- Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand (SPRINZ), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand. .,TriFit Performance Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA.
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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14
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Enyart DS, Crocker CL, Stansell JR, Cutrone M, Dintino MM, Kinsey ST, Brown SL, Baumgarner BL. Low-dose caffeine administration increases fatty acid utilization and mitochondrial turnover in C2C12 skeletal myotubes. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14340. [PMID: 31960608 PMCID: PMC6971411 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Caffeine has been shown to directly increase fatty acid oxidation, in part, by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis. Mitochondrial biogenesis is often coupled with mitophagy, the autophagy-lysosomal degradation of mitochondria. Increased mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy promote mitochondrial turnover, which can enhance aerobic metabolism. In addition, recent studies have revealed that cellular lipid droplets can be directly utilized in an autophagy-dependent manner, a process known as lipophagy. Although caffeine has been shown to promote autophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscles, it remains unclear whether caffeine can increase lipophagy and mitochondrial turnover in skeletal muscle as well. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible contribution of lipophagy to caffeine-dependent lipid utilization. Furthermore, we sought to determine whether caffeine could increase mitochondrial turnover, which may also contribute to elevated fatty acid oxidation. Treating fully differentiated C2C12 skeletal myotubes with 0.5 mM oleic acid (OA) for 24 hr promoted an approximate 2.5-fold increase in cellular lipid storage. Treating skeletal myotubes with 0.5 mM OA plus 0.5 mM caffeine for an additional 24 hr effectively returned cellular lipid stores to control levels, and this was associated with an increase in markers of autophagosomes and autophagic flux, as well as elevated autophagosome density in TEM images. The addition of autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine (10 mM) or bafilomycin A1 (10 μM) reduced caffeine-dependent lipid utilization by approximately 30%. However, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed no direct evidence of lipophagy in skeletal myotubes, and there was also no lipophagy-dependent increase in fatty acid oxidation. Finally, caffeine treatment promoted an 80% increase in mitochondrial turnover, which coincided with a 35% increase in mitochondrial fragmentation. Our results suggest that caffeine administration causes an autophagy-dependent decrease in lipid content by increasing mitochondrial turnover in mammalian skeletal myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S. Enyart
- Division of Natural Science and EngineeringUniversity of South Carolina UpstateSpartanburgSC
| | - Chelsea L. Crocker
- Department of Biology and Marine BiologyUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNC
| | - Jennifer R. Stansell
- Division of Natural Science and EngineeringUniversity of South Carolina UpstateSpartanburgSC
| | - Madeleine Cutrone
- Department of Biology and Marine BiologyUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNC
| | - Meghann M. Dintino
- Department of Biology and Marine BiologyUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNC
| | - Stephen T. Kinsey
- Department of Biology and Marine BiologyUniversity of North Carolina WilmingtonWilmingtonNC
| | - Stephan L. Brown
- Department of Cell Biology and PhysiologyEdward Via College of Osteopathic MedicineSpartanburgSC
| | - Bradley L. Baumgarner
- Division of Natural Science and EngineeringUniversity of South Carolina UpstateSpartanburgSC
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15
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Gao Y, Yang Y, Han L, Yu Q, Song R, Han M, Shi H, He L. Study on the effect of CaMKKβ-mediated AMPK activation on the glycolysis and the quality of different altitude postmortem bovines longissimus muscle. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13023. [PMID: 31456257 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the activity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glycolysis, and meat quality index in three altitude bovines during postmortem aging process. Local cattle (altitude:1,500 m), Gannan yak (3,000 m), and Yushu yak (4,500 m) postmortem Longissimus Dorsi (LD) muscle were used. Results indicated that CaCl2 significantly increased the AMPK activity by increasing the calcium-regulated protein kinase kinase (CaMKKβ) activity. Besides, AMPK activation enhanced the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Ca2+ -ATPase and accelerated the rate of muscle maturation during postmortem aging. Moreover, the expression of HIF-1, PRKAA2, and GLUT4 genes in high-altitude Yushu yak was higher than that of low-altitude bovines. CaCl2 activates AMPK by activating CaMKKβ cascade and accelerates postmortem glycolysis affecting the intramuscular environment, color, and muscle protein degradation to accelerate postmortem muscle maturation, suggesting that AMPK has essential effects on postmortem muscle glycolysis and quality, and can regulate muscle quality by regulating postmortem muscle AMPK activity. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Insufficient postmortem glycolysis usually leads to DFD (dark, firm, and dry) meat. Beef have relatively high incidences of DFD meat, which has an unattractive dark color and causes significant loss to the meat industry. Therefore, AMPK, which can regulate postmortem glycolysis to affect meat quality, is a valid research target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Gao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yayuan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qunli Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rende Song
- The Qinghai Work Station of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai, China
| | - Mingshan Han
- Inner Mongolia Kerchin Cattle Industry Co., Ltd., Tongliao, China
| | - Hongmei Shi
- The Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Hezuo, China
| | - Long He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
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16
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Aoi W, Hirano N, Lassiter DG, Björnholm M, Chibalin AV, Sakuma K, Tanimura Y, Mizushima K, Takagi T, Naito Y, Zierath JR, Krook A. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) improves glucose tolerance via AMP-activated protein kinase activation. FASEB J 2019; 33:10551-10562. [PMID: 31225998 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900453r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
During exercise, skeletal muscles release cytokines, peptides, and metabolites that exert autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine effects on glucose homeostasis. In this study, we investigated the effects of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an exercise-responsive myokine, on glucose metabolism in human and mouse skeletal muscle. SPARC-knockout mice showed impaired systemic metabolism and reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and protein kinase B in skeletal muscle. Treatment of SPARC-knockout mice with recombinant SPARC improved glucose tolerance and concomitantly activated AMPK in skeletal muscle. These effects were dependent on AMPK-γ3 because SPARC treatment enhanced skeletal muscle glucose uptake in wild-type mice but not in AMPK-γ3-knockout mice. SPARC strongly interacted with the voltage-dependent calcium channel, and inhibition of calcium-dependent signaling prevented SPARC-induced AMPK phosphorylation in human and mouse myotubes. Finally, chronic SPARC treatment improved systemic glucose tolerance and AMPK signaling in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-induced obese mice, highlighting the efficacy of SPARC treatment in the management of metabolic diseases. Thus, our findings suggest that SPARC treatment mimics the effects of exercise on glucose tolerance by enhancing AMPK-dependent glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.-Aoi, W., Hirano, N., Lassiter, D. G., Björnholm, M., Chibalin, A. V., Sakuma, K., Tanimura, Y., Mizushima, K., Takagi, T., Naito, Y., Zierath, J. R., Krook, A. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) improves glucose tolerance via AMP-activated protein kinase activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Aoi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nariyuki Hirano
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - David G Lassiter
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Björnholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kunihiro Sakuma
- Institute for Liberal Arts, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Tanimura
- Faculty of Human, Aichi-Toho University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Yao C, Pang D, Lu C, Xu A, Huang P, Ouyang H, Yu H. Data Mining and Validation of AMPK Pathway as a Novel Candidate Role Affecting Intramuscular Fat Content in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040137. [PMID: 30939765 PMCID: PMC6523794 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intramuscular fat (IMF) is increasingly being recognized as a key meat trait in the modern pork industry. The aims of this research were to identify potential signaling pathways associated with IMF content in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of different pig breeds and investigate the gene expression levels in the screened signaling pathways. Our results indicated that the AMPK signaling pathway may be related to IMF deposition in the LD muscle of pigs. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of ten key hub genes (AMPK, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LKB1, CAMKKβ, CPT1A, CPT1B, PGC-1α, CD36, and ACC1) differed between the LD muscle of Min and Large White pigs. The protein expression levels of AMPK, LKB1, CaMKK2, CPT1A, and ACC1 were similar to the genes expression patterns in the LD muscle of Large White pigs. The results of this study provide novel insights into the regulatory function of the AMPK signaling pathway in relation to the IMF content in the LD muscle of different pigs. Abstract Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important economic trait for pork quality and a complex quantitative trait regulated by multiple genes. The objective of this work was to investigate the novel transcriptional effects of a multigene pathway on IMF deposition in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles of pigs. Potential signaling pathways were screened by mining data from three gene expression profiles in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We designed quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) arrays for the candidate signaling pathways to verify the results in the LD muscles of two pig breeds with different IMF contents (Large White and Min). Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of several candidate proteins. Our results showed that the AMPK signaling pathway was screened via bioinformatics analysis. Ten key hub genes of this signaling pathway (AMPK, ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LKB1, CAMKKβ, CPT1A, CPT1B, PGC-1α, CD36, and ACC1) were differentially expressed between the Large White and Min pigs. Western blot analysis further confirmed that LKB1/CaMKK2-AMPK-ACC1-CPT1A axis dominates the activity of AMPK signaling pathway. Statistical analyses revealed that AMPK signaling pathway activity clearly varied among the two pig breeds. Based on these results, we concluded that the activation of the AMPK signaling pathway plays a positive role in reducing IMF deposition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaogang Yao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Chao Lu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Aishi Xu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Peixuan Huang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hongsheng Ouyang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Hao Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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18
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Tojkander S, Ciuba K, Lappalainen P. CaMKK2 Regulates Mechanosensitive Assembly of Contractile Actin Stress Fibers. Cell Rep 2018; 24:11-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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19
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Effects of Coffee Components on Muscle Glycogen Recovery: A Systematic Review. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2018; 28:284-293. [PMID: 29345166 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world, and it can improve insulin sensitivity, stimulating glucose uptake in skeletal muscle when adequate carbohydrate intake is observed. The aim of this review is to analyze the effects of coffee and coffee components on muscle glycogen metabolism. A literature search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, and seven studies were included, that explored the effects of coffee components on various substances and signaling proteins. In one of the studies with humans, caffeine was shown to increase glucose levels, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation, glycogen resynthesis rates, and glycogen accumulation after exercise. After intravenous injection of caffeine in rats, caffeine increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation, and glucose transport. In in vitro studies, caffeine raised AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, increasing glucose transport activity and reducing energy status in rat muscle cells. Cafestol and caffeic acid increased insulin secretion in rat beta cells and glucose uptake into human muscle cells. Caffeic acid also increased AMPK and ACC phosphorylation, reducing the energy status and increasing glucose uptake in rat muscle cells. Chlorogenic acid did not show any positive or negative effect. The findings from this review must be taken with caution due to the limited number of studies on the subject. In conclusion, various coffee components had a neutral or positive role in the metabolism of glucose and muscle glycogen, whereas no detrimental effect was described. Coffee beverages should be tested as an option for athletes' glycogen recovery.
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20
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Kang MJ, Kwon EB, Ryu HW, Lee S, Lee JW, Kim DY, Lee MK, Oh SR, Lee HS, Lee SU, Kim MO. Polyacetylene From Dendropanax morbifera Alleviates Diet-Induced Obesity and Hepatic Steatosis by Activating AMPK Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:537. [PMID: 29875667 PMCID: PMC5975361 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The extract tea of Dendropanax morbifera is popular beverages in Korea, and their preventive and therapeutic roles in metabolic disorders have been reported. However, the molecular mechanism has not been studied despite the known efficacy of D. morbifera. Eleven fractions (fr.1–fr.11) were divided by MPLC to find the active compound. Among them, Fr.5 was superior to others in that the inhibitory efficacy of de novo triglyceride (TG) biosynthesis. NMR analysis revealed that Fr.5 is composed 98% or more (9Z,16S)-16-hydroxy-9,17-octadecadiene-12,14-diynoic acid (HOD). Treatment of HOD diminished oleic acid (OA)-induced TG accumulation in HepG2 hepatocytes and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by activating LKB1/AMPK. In addition, we determined the effect of the oral administration of the extract of D. morbifera on obesity and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. This study proved that D. morbifera containing HOD, the active substance, can show preventive or therapeutic efficacy on obesity and hepatic steatosis through the targeting LKB1/AMPK axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Ji Kang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Eun-Bin Kwon
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seoghyun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Won Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sun Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Su Ui Lee
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mun-Ock Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
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21
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Srivastava S, Li Z, Soomro I, Sun Y, Wang J, Bao L, Coetzee WA, Stanley CA, Li C, Skolnik EY. Regulation of K ATP Channel Trafficking in Pancreatic β-Cells by Protein Histidine Phosphorylation. Diabetes 2018; 67:849-860. [PMID: 29440278 PMCID: PMC5909995 DOI: 10.2337/db17-1433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein histidine phosphatase 1 (PHPT-1) is an evolutionarily conserved 14-kDa protein that dephosphorylates phosphohistidine. PHPT-1-/- mice were generated to gain insight into the role of PHPT-1 and histidine phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in mammalian biology. PHPT-1-/- mice exhibited neonatal hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia due to impaired trafficking of KATP channels to the plasma membrane in pancreatic β-cells in response to low glucose and leptin and resembled patients with congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI). The defect in KATP channel trafficking in PHPT-1-/- β-cells was due to the failure of PHPT-1 to directly activate transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4), resulting in decreased Ca2+ influx and impaired downstream activation of AMPK. Thus, these studies demonstrate a critical role for PHPT-1 in normal pancreatic β-cell function and raise the possibility that mutations in PHPT-1 and/or TRPC4 may account for yet to be defined cases of CHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shekhar Srivastava
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Zhai Li
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Irfana Soomro
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ying Sun
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jianhui Wang
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Li Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - William A Coetzee
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Charles A Stanley
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chonghong Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Edward Y Skolnik
- Division of Nephrology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- The Helen L. and Martin S. Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
- Skirball Institute for Biomolecular Medicine Skirball Institute, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY
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22
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Assessment of AMPK-Stimulated Cellular Long-Chain Fatty Acid and Glucose Uptake. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 29480486 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7598-3_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Here we describe an assay for simultaneous measurement of cellular uptake rates of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and glucose that can be applied to cells in suspension. The uptake assay includes the use of radiolabeled substrates at such concentrations and incubation periods that exact information is provided about unidirectional uptakes rates. Cellular uptake of both substrates is under regulation of AMPK. The underlying mechanism includes the translocation of LCFA and glucose transporters from intracellular membrane compartments to the cell surface, leading to an increase in substrate uptake. In this chapter, we explain the principles of the uptake assay before detailing the exact procedure. We also provide information of the specific LCFA and glucose transporters subject to AMPK-mediated subcellular translocation. Finally, we discuss the application of AMPK inhibitors and activators in combination with cellular substrate uptake assays.
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23
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Schnuck JK, Gould LM, Parry HA, Johnson MA, Gannon NP, Sunderland KL, Vaughan RA. Metabolic effects of physiological levels of caffeine in myotubes. J Physiol Biochem 2017; 74:35-45. [PMID: 29198059 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-017-0601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine has been shown to stimulate multiple major regulators of cell energetics including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Additionally, caffeine induces peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and mitochondrial biogenesis. While caffeine enhances oxidative metabolism, experimental concentrations often exceed physiologically attainable concentrations through diet. This work measured the effects of low-level caffeine on cellular metabolism and gene expression in myotubes, as well as the dependence of caffeine's effects on the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ). C2C12 myotubes were treated with various doses of caffeine for up to 24 h. Gene and protein expression were measured via qRT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. Cellular metabolism was determined via oxygen consumption and extracellular acidification rate. Caffeine significantly induced regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. Mitochondrial staining was suppressed in PPARβ/δ-inhibited cells which was rescued by concurrent caffeine treatment. Caffeine-treated cells also displayed elevated peak oxidative metabolism which was partially abolished following PPARβ/δ inhibition. Similar to past observations, glucose uptake and GLUT4 content were elevated in caffeine-treated cells, however, glycolytic metabolism was unaltered following caffeine treatment. Physiological levels of caffeine appear to enhance cell metabolism through mechanisms partially dependent on PPARβ/δ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie K Schnuck
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Lacey M Gould
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Hailey A Parry
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Michele A Johnson
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Nicholas P Gannon
- School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kyle L Sunderland
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA
| | - Roger A Vaughan
- Department of Exercise Science, High Point University, One University Parkway, High Point, NC, 27268, USA.
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Vlavcheski F, Naimi M, Murphy B, Hudlicky T, Tsiani E. Rosmarinic Acid, a Rosemary Extract Polyphenol, Increases Skeletal Muscle Cell Glucose Uptake and Activates AMPK. Molecules 2017; 22:E1669. [PMID: 28991159 PMCID: PMC6151814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major insulin-target tissue and plays an important role in glucose homeostasis. Impaired insulin action in muscles leads to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. 5' AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is an energy sensor, its activation increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and AMPK activators have been viewed as a targeted approach in combating insulin resistance. We previously reported AMPK activation and increased muscle glucose uptake by rosemary extract (RE). In the present study, we examined the effects and the mechanism of action of rosmarinic acid (RA), a major RE constituent, in L6 rat muscle cells. RA (5.0 µM) increased glucose uptake (186 ± 4.17% of control, p < 0.001) to levels comparable to maximum insulin (204 ± 10.73% of control, p < 0.001) and metformin (202 ± 14.37% of control, p < 0.001). Akt phosphorylation was not affected by RA, while AMPK phosphorylation was increased. The RA-stimulated glucose uptake was inhibited by the AMPK inhibitor compound C and was not affected by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The current study shows an effect of RA to increase muscle glucose uptake and AMPK phosphorylation. RA deserves further study as it shows potential to be used as an agent to regulate glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vlavcheski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Madina Naimi
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Brennan Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.
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Moore TM, Mortensen XM, Ashby CK, Harris AM, Kump KJ, Laird DW, Adams AJ, Bray JK, Chen T, Thomson DM. The effect of caffeine on skeletal muscle anabolic signaling and hypertrophy. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:621-629. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a widely consumed stimulant with the potential to enhance physical performance through multiple mechanisms. However, recent in vitro findings have suggested that caffeine may block skeletal muscle anabolic signaling through AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated inhibition of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. This could negatively affect protein synthesis and the capacity for muscle growth. The primary purpose of this study was to assess the effect of caffeine on in vivo AMPK and mTOR pathway signaling, protein synthesis, and muscle growth. In cultured C2C12 muscle cells, physiological levels of caffeine failed to impact mTOR activation or myoblast proliferation or differentiation. We found that caffeine administration to mice did not significantly enhance the phosphorylation of AMPK or inhibit signaling proteins downstream of mTOR (p70S6k, S6, or 4EBP1) or protein synthesis after a bout of electrically stimulated contractions. Skeletal muscle-specific knockout of LKB1, the primary AMPK activator in skeletal muscle, on the other hand, eliminated AMPK activation by contractions and enhanced S6k, S6, and 4EBP1 activation before and after contractions. In rats, the addition of caffeine did not affect plantaris hypertrophy induced by the tenotomy of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. In conclusion, caffeine administration does not impair skeletal muscle load-induced mTOR signaling, protein synthesis, or muscle hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M. Moore
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Xavier M. Mortensen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Conrad K. Ashby
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Alexander M. Harris
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Karson J. Kump
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - David W. Laird
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Aaron J. Adams
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeremy K. Bray
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - David M. Thomson
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, 4005 LSB, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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Scheffler TL, Gerrard DE. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT SYMPOSIUM: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and mitochondria in Rendement Napole pig growth. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3601-3612. [PMID: 27898923 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rendement Napole mutation (RN-), which is well known to influence pork quality, also has a profound impact on metabolic characteristics of muscle. Pigs with RN- possess a SNP in the γ3 subunit of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK); AMPK, a key energy sensor in skeletal muscle, modulates energy producing and energy consuming pathways to maintain cellular homeostasis. Importantly, AMPK regulates not only acute response to energy stress but also facilitates long-term adaptation via changes in gene and protein expression. The RN- allele increases AMPK activity, which alters the metabolic phenotype of skeletal muscle by increasing mitochondrial content and oxidative capacity. Fibers with greater oxidative capacity typically exhibit increased protein turnover and smaller fiber size, which indicates that RN- pigs may exhibit decreased efficiency and growth potential. However, whole body and muscle growth of RN- pigs appear similar to that of wild-type pigs and despite increased oxidative capacity, fibers maintain the capacity for hypertrophic growth. This indicates that compensatory mechanisms may allow RN- pigs to achieve rates of muscle growth similar to those of wild-type pigs. Intriguingly, lipid oxidation and mitochondria function are enhanced in RN- pig muscle. Thus far, characteristics of RN- muscle are largely based on animals near market weight. To better understand interaction between energy signaling and protein accretion in muscle, further work is needed to define age-dependent relationships between AMPK signaling, metabolism, and muscle growth.
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Guadalupe-Grau A, Fernández-Elías VE, Ortega JF, Dela F, Helge JW, Mora-Rodriguez R. Effects of 6-month aerobic interval training on skeletal muscle metabolism in middle-aged metabolic syndrome patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:585-595. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Guadalupe-Grau
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- ImFINE Research Group; Department of Health and Human Performance; Technical University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - V. E. Fernández-Elías
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
- Department of Sport Science; European University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J. F. Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R. Mora-Rodriguez
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
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Krolopp JE, Thornton SM, Abbott MJ. IL-15 Activates the Jak3/STAT3 Signaling Pathway to Mediate Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2016; 7:626. [PMID: 28066259 PMCID: PMC5167732 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myokines are specialized cytokines that are secreted from skeletal muscle (SKM) in response to metabolic stimuli, such as exercise. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine with potential to reduce obesity and increase lean mass through induction of metabolic processes. It has been previously shown that IL-15 acts to increase glucose uptake in SKM cells. However, the downstream signals orchestrating the link between IL-15 signaling and glucose uptake have not been fully explored. Here we employed the mouse SKM C2C12 cell line to examine potential downstream targets of IL-15-induced alterations in glucose uptake. Following differentiation, C2C12 cells were treated overnight with 100 ng/ml of IL-15. Activation of factors associated with glucose metabolism (Akt and AMPK) and known downstream targets of IL-15 (Jak1, Jak3, STAT3, and STAT5) were assessed with IL-15 stimulation. IL-15 stimulated glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. IL-15 treatment had no effect on phospho-Akt, phospho-Akt substrates, phospho-AMPK, phospho-Jak1, or phospho-STAT5. However, with IL-15, phospho-Jak3 and phospho-STAT3 levels were increased along with increased interaction of Jak3 and STAT3. Additionally, IL-15 induced a translocation of phospho-STAT3 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. We have evidence that a mediator of glucose uptake, HIF1α, expression was dependent on IL-15 induced STAT3 activation. Finally, upon inhibition of STAT3 the positive effects of IL-15 on glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation were abolished. Taken together, we provide evidence for a novel signaling pathway for IL-15 acting through Jak3/STAT3 to regulate glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Krolopp
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University Orange, CA, USA
| | - Shantaé M Thornton
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University Orange, CA, USA
| | - Marcia J Abbott
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman UniversityOrange, CA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern CaliforniaLos Angeles, CA, USA
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Role and mechanism of the AMPK pathway in waterborne Zn exposure influencing the hepatic energy metabolism of Synechogobius hasta. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38716. [PMID: 27934965 PMCID: PMC5146659 DOI: 10.1038/srep38716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the physiological responses in the liver of Synechogobius hasta exposed to waterborne zinc (Zn). However, at present, very little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms of these responses. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to analyse the differences in the hepatic transcriptomes between control and Zn-exposed S. hasta. A total of 36,339 unigenes and 1,615 bp of unigene N50 were detected. These genes were further annotated to the Nonredundant protein (NR), Nonredundant nucleotide (Nt), Swiss-Prot, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) databases. After 60 days of Zn exposure, 708 and 237 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated, respectively. Many differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in energy metabolic pathways were identified, and their expression profiles suggested increased catabolic processes and reduced biosynthetic processes. These changes indicated that waterborne Zn exposure increased the energy production and requirement, which was related to the activation of the AMPK signalling pathway. Furthermore, using the primary hepatocytes of S. hasta, we identified the role of the AMPK signalling pathway in Zn-influenced energy metabolism.
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A new leptin-mediated mechanism for stimulating fatty acid oxidation: a pivotal role for sarcolemmal FAT/CD36. Biochem J 2016; 474:149-162. [PMID: 27827305 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Leptin stimulates fatty acid oxidation in muscle and heart; but, the mechanism by which these tissues provide additional intracellular fatty acids for their oxidation remains unknown. We examined, in isolated muscle and cardiac myocytes, whether leptin, via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, stimulated fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36)-mediated fatty acid uptake to enhance fatty acid oxidation. In both mouse skeletal muscle and rat cardiomyocytes, leptin increased fatty acid oxidation, an effect that was blocked when AMPK phosphorylation was inhibited by adenine 9-β-d-arabinofuranoside or Compound C. In wild-type mice, leptin induced the translocation of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane and increased fatty acid uptake into giant sarcolemmal vesicles and into cardiomyocytes. In muscles of FAT/CD36-KO mice, and in cardiomyocytes in which cell surface FAT/CD36 action was blocked by sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate, the leptin-stimulated influx of fatty acids was inhibited; concomitantly, the normal leptin-stimulated increase in fatty acid oxidation was also prevented, despite the normal leptin-induced increase in AMPK phosphorylation. Conversely, in muscle of AMPK kinase-dead mice, leptin failed to induce the translocation of FAT/CD36, along with a failure to stimulate fatty acid uptake and oxidation. Similarly, when siRNA was used to reduce AMPK in HL-1 cardiomyocytes, leptin failed to induce the translocation of FAT/CD36. Our studies have revealed a novel mechanism of leptin-induced fatty acid oxidation in muscle tissue; namely, this process is dependent on the activation of AMPK to induce the translocation of FAT/CD36 to the plasma membrane, thereby stimulating fatty acid uptake. Without increasing this leptin-stimulated, FAT/CD36-dependent fatty acid uptake process, leptin-stimulated AMPK phosphorylation does not enhance fatty acid oxidation.
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IL-15 Mediates Mitochondrial Activity through a PPAR δ-Dependent-PPAR α-Independent Mechanism in Skeletal Muscle Cells. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:5465804. [PMID: 27738421 PMCID: PMC5050360 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5465804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mediators of metabolic processes, to increase energy expenditure, have become a focus for therapies of obesity. The discovery of cytokines secreted from the skeletal muscle (SKM), termed "myokines," has garnered attention due to their positive effects on metabolic processes. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a myokine that has numerous positive metabolic effects and is linked to the PPAR family of mitochondrial regulators. Here, we aimed to determine the importance of PPARα and/or PPARδ as targets of IL-15 signaling. C2C12 SKM cells were differentiated for 6 days and treated every other day with IL-15 (100 ng/mL), a PPARα inhibitor (GW-6471), a PPARδ inhibitor (GSK-3787), or both IL-15 and the inhibitors. IL-15 increased mitochondrial activity and induced PPARα, PPARδ, PGC1α, PGC1β, UCP2, and Nrf1 expression. There was no effect of inhibiting PPARα, in combination with IL-15, on the aforementioned mRNA levels except for PGC1β and Nrf1. However, with PPARδ inhibition, IL-15 failed to induce the expression levels of PGC1α, PGC1β, UCP2, and Nrf1. Further, inhibition of PPARδ abolished IL-15 induced increases in citrate synthase activity, ATP production, and overall mitochondrial activity. IL-15 had no effects on mitochondrial biogenesis. Our data indicates that PPARδ activity is required for the beneficial metabolic effects of IL-15 signaling in SKM.
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Egawa T, Ohno Y, Goto A, Sugiura T, Ohira Y, Yoshioka T, Hayashi T, Goto K. Caffeine Affects Myotube Size As Well As Regulates Protein Degradation and Protein Synthesis Pathways in C2C12 Skeletal Muscle Cells. JOURNAL OF CAFFEINE RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/jcr.2015.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Egawa
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Ohno
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiura
- Department of Exercise and Sports Physiology, Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ohira
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, Japan
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Palmitic acid interferes with energy metabolism balance by adversely switching the SIRT1-CD36-fatty acid pathway to the PKC zeta-GLUT4-glucose pathway in cardiomyoblasts. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 31:137-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Balu D, Ouyang J, Parakhia RA, Pitake S, Ochs RS. Ca 2+ effects on glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation in L6 skeletal muscle cell cultures. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 5:365-373. [PMID: 28955844 PMCID: PMC5600334 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect of Ca2+ on skeletal muscle glucose transport and fatty acid oxidation using L6 cell cultures. Ca2+ stimulation of glucose transport is controversial. We found that caffeine (a Ca2+ secretagogue) stimulation of glucose transport was only evident in a two-part incubation protocol ("post-incubation"). Caffeine was present in the first incubation, the media removed, and labeled glucose added for the second. Caffeine elicited a rise in Ca2+ in the first incubation that was dissipated by the second. This post-incubation procedure was insensitive to glucose concentrations in the first incubation. With a single, direct incubation system (all components present together) caffeine caused a slight inhibition of glucose transport. This was likely due to caffeine induced inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), since nanomolar concentrations of wortmannin, a selective PI3K inhibitor, also inhibited glucose transport, and previous investigators have also found this action. We did find a Ca2+ stimulation (using either caffeine or ionomycin) of fatty acid oxidation. This was observed in the absence (but not the presence) of added glucose. We conclude that Ca2+ stimulates fatty acid oxidation at a mitochondrial site, secondary to malonyl CoA inhibition (represented by the presence of glucose in our experiments). In summary, the experiments resolve a controversy on Ca2+ stimulation of glucose transport by skeletal muscle, introduce an important experimental consideration for the measurement of glucose transport, and uncover a new site of action for Ca2+ stimulation of fatty acid oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrick Balu
- Dept. Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, MRC I 114, 115 Mill St., Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Jiangyong Ouyang
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Rahulkumar A. Parakhia
- Research Institute for Fragrance Materials Inc., 50 Tice Boulevard, Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07407, USA
| | - Saumitra Pitake
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | - Raymond S. Ochs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY 11439, USA
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Chen YP, Tsai CW, Hsieh DJY, Shen CY, Ho TJ, Padma VV, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) switches energy signalling from the PKCζ-GLUT4-glucose pathway back to the SIRT1-CD36-fatty acid pathway similar to resveratrol to ameliorate cardiac myocyte lipotoxicity. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase by Adenine Alleviates TNF-Alpha-Induced Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142283. [PMID: 26544976 PMCID: PMC4636334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling system plays a key role in cellular stress by repressing the inflammatory responses induced by the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) system. Previous studies suggest that the anti-inflammatory role of AMPK involves activation by adenine, but the mechanism that allows adenine to produce these effects has not yet been elucidated. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), adenine was observed to induce the phosphorylation of AMPK in both a time- and dose-dependent manner as well as its downstream target acetyl Co-A carboxylase (ACC). Adenine also attenuated NF-κB targeting of gene expression in a dose-dependent manner and decreased monocyte adhesion to HUVECs following tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) treatment. The short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against AMPK α1 in HUVECs attenuated the adenine-induced inhibition of NF-κB activation in response to TNF-α, thereby suggesting that the anti-inflammatory role of adenine is mediated by AMPK. Following the knockdown of adenosyl phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) in HUVECs, adenine supplementation failed to induce the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Similarly, the expression of a shRNA against APRT nullified the anti-inflammatory effects of adenine in HUVECs. These results suggested that the role of adenine as an AMPK activator is related to catabolism by APRT, which increases the cellular AMP levels to activate AMPK.
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Tsuda S, Egawa T, Kitani K, Oshima R, Ma X, Hayashi T. Caffeine and contraction synergistically stimulate 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase and insulin-independent glucose transport in rat skeletal muscle. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/10/e12592. [PMID: 26471759 PMCID: PMC4632959 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
5′-Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been identified as a key mediator of contraction-stimulated insulin-independent glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Caffeine acutely stimulates AMPK in resting skeletal muscle, but it is unknown whether caffeine affects AMPK in contracting muscle. Isolated rat epitrochlearis muscle was preincubated and then incubated in the absence or presence of 3 mmol/L caffeine for 30 or 120 min. Electrical stimulation (ES) was used to evoke tetanic contractions during the last 10 min of the incubation period. The combination of caffeine plus contraction had additive effects on AMPKα Thr172 phosphorylation, α-isoform-specific AMPK activity, and 3-O-methylglucose (3MG) transport. In contrast, caffeine inhibited basal and contraction-stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation. Caffeine significantly delayed muscle fatigue during contraction, and the combination of caffeine and contraction additively decreased ATP and phosphocreatine contents. Caffeine did not affect resting tension. Next, rats were given an intraperitoneal injection of caffeine (60 mg/kg body weight) or saline, and the extensor digitorum longus muscle was dissected 15 min later. ES of the sciatic nerve was performed to evoke tetanic contractions for 5 min before dissection. Similar to the findings from isolated muscles incubated in vitro, the combination of caffeine plus contraction in vivo had additive effects on AMPK phosphorylation, AMPK activity, and 3MG transport. Caffeine also inhibited basal and contraction-stimulated Akt phosphorylation in vivo. These findings suggest that caffeine and contraction synergistically stimulate AMPK activity and insulin-independent glucose transport, at least in part by decreasing muscle fatigue and thereby promoting energy consumption during contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsuda
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan Department of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Toyohashi, 440-0016, Japan
| | - Kazuto Kitani
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rieko Oshima
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Xiao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Puer Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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Luiken JJFP, Glatz JFC, Neumann D. Cardiac contraction-induced GLUT4 translocation requires dual signaling input. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2015; 26:404-10. [PMID: 26138758 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Contraction-induced translocation of glucose transporter type-4 (GLUT4) to the sarcolemma is essential to stimulate cardiac glucose uptake during increased energy demand. As such, this process is a target for therapeutic strategies aiming at increasing glucose uptake in insulin-resistant and/or diabetic hearts. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its upstream kinases form part of a signaling axis essential for contraction-induced GLUT4 translocation. Recently, activation of protein kinase-D1 (PKD1) was also shown to be as obligatory for contraction-induced GLUT4 translocation in cardiac muscle. However, contraction-induced PKD1 activation in this context occurs independently from AMPK signaling, suggesting that contraction-induced GLUT4 translocation requires the input of two separate signaling pathways. Necessity for dual input would more tightly couple GLUT4 translocation to stimuli that are inherent to cardiac contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost J F P Luiken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, NL-6200 Maastricht MD, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan F C Glatz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, NL-6200 Maastricht MD, the Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, NL-6200 Maastricht MD, the Netherlands
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Lee JO, Kim N, Lee HJ, Lee YW, Kim JK, Kim HI, Lee SK, Kim SJ, Park SH, Kim HS. Visfatin, a novel adipokine, stimulates glucose uptake through the Ca2 +-dependent AMPK-p38 MAPK pathway in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:251-62. [PMID: 26019302 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Visfatin is a novel adipocytokine produced by visceral fat. In the present study, visfatin increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mouse C2C12 skeletal muscle cells. It also increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, whose knockdown blocked visfatin-induced AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Visfatin stimulated glucose uptake in differentiated skeletal muscle cells. However, inhibition of AMPKα2 with an inhibitor or with knockdown of AMPKα2 using siRNA blocked visfatin-induced glucose uptake, which indicates that visfatin stimulates glucose uptake through the AMPKα2 pathway. Visfatin increased the intracellular Ca(2) (+) concentration. STO-609, a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase inhibitor, blocked visfatin-induced AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake. Visfatin-mediated activation of p38 MAPK was AMPKα2-dependent. Furthermore, both inhibition and knockdown of p38 MAPK blocked visfatin-induced glucose uptake. Visfatin increased glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) mRNA and protein levels. In addition, visfatin stimulated the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane, and this effect was suppressed by AMPKα2 inhibition. The present results indicate that visfatin plays an important role in glucose metabolism via the Ca(2) (+)-mediated AMPK-p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nami Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Woo Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Kwan Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Ip Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Lee
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Hwa Park
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1, Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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Brown AE, Jones DE, Walker M, Newton JL. Abnormalities of AMPK activation and glucose uptake in cultured skeletal muscle cells from individuals with chronic fatigue syndrome. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122982. [PMID: 25836975 PMCID: PMC4383615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post exertional muscle fatigue is a key feature in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Abnormalities of skeletal muscle function have been identified in some but not all patients with CFS. To try to limit potential confounders that might contribute to this clinical heterogeneity, we developed a novel in vitro system that allows comparison of AMP kinase (AMPK) activation and metabolic responses to exercise in cultured skeletal muscle cells from CFS patients and control subjects. METHODS Skeletal muscle cell cultures were established from 10 subjects with CFS and 7 age-matched controls, subjected to electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) for up to 24h and examined for changes associated with exercise. RESULTS In the basal state, CFS cultures showed increased myogenin expression but decreased IL6 secretion during differentiation compared with control cultures. Control cultures subjected to 16 h EPS showed a significant increase in both AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake compared with unstimulated cells. In contrast, CFS cultures showed no increase in AMPK phosphorylation or glucose uptake after 16 h EPS. However, glucose uptake remained responsive to insulin in the CFS cells pointing to an exercise-related defect. IL6 secretion in response to EPS was significantly reduced in CFS compared with control cultures at all time points measured. CONCLUSION EPS is an effective model for eliciting muscle contraction and the metabolic changes associated with exercise in cultured skeletal muscle cells. We found four main differences in cultured skeletal muscle cells from subjects with CFS; increased myogenin expression in the basal state, impaired activation of AMPK, impaired stimulation of glucose uptake and diminished release of IL6. The retention of these differences in cultured muscle cells from CFS subjects points to a genetic/epigenetic mechanism, and provides a system to identify novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey E. Brown
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, William Leech Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Jones
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, William Leech Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, William Leech Building, Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Julia L. Newton
- Newcastle Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute for Ageing and Health, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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41
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Chuang HC, Chou CC, Kulp SK, Chen CS. AMPK as a potential anticancer target - friend or foe? Curr Pharm Des 2015; 20:2607-18. [PMID: 23859619 DOI: 10.2174/13816128113199990485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key player in maintaining energy homeostasis in response to metabolic stress. Beyond diabetes and metabolic syndrome, there is a growing interest in the therapeutic exploitation of the AMPK pathway in cancer treatment in light of its unique ability to regulate cancer cell proliferation through the reprogramming of cell metabolism. Although many studies support the tumor-suppressive role of AMPK, emerging evidence suggests that the metabolic checkpoint function of AMPK might be overridden by stress or oncogenic signals so that tumor cells use AMPK activation as a survival strategy to gain growth advantage. These findings underscore the complexity in the cellular function of AMPK in maintaining energy homeostasis under physiological versus pathological conditions. Thus, this review aims to provide an overview of recent findings on the functional interplay of AMPK with different cell metabolic and signaling effectors, particularly histone deacetylases, in mediating downstream tumor suppressive or promoting mechanisms in different cell systems. Although AMPK activation inhibits tumor growth by targeting multiple signaling pathways relevant to tumorigenesis, under certain cellular contexts or certain stages of tumor development, AMPK might act as a protective response to metabolic stresses, such as nutrient deprivation, low oxygen, and low pH, or as downstream effectors of oncogenic proteins, including androgen receptor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, c-Src, and MYC. Thus, investigations to define at which stage(s) of tumorigenesis and cancer progression or for which genetic aberrations AMPK inhibition might represent a more relevant strategy than AMPK activation for cancer treatment are clearly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ching-Shih Chen
- Rm 336, Parks Hall, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Børsting Jordy
- Section of Molecular Physiology; August Krogh Centre; Department of Nutrition; Exercise and Sports (NEXS); University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Bente Kiens
- Section of Molecular Physiology; August Krogh Centre; Department of Nutrition; Exercise and Sports (NEXS); University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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43
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Abbott MJ, Turcotte LP. AMPK-α2 is involved in exercise training-induced adaptations in insulin-stimulated metabolism in skeletal muscle following high-fat diet. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:869-79. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01380.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been studied extensively and postulated to be a target for the treatment and/or prevention of metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance. Exercise training has been deemed a beneficial treatment for obesity and insulin resistance. Furthermore, exercise is a feasible method to combat high-fat diet (HFD)-induced alterations in insulin sensitivity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AMPK-α2 activity is required to gain beneficial effects of exercise training with high-fat feeding. Wild-type (WT) and AMPK-α2 dominant-negative (DN) male mice were fed standard diet (SD), underwent voluntary wheel running (TR), fed HFD, or trained with HFD (TR + HFD). By week 6, TR, irrespective of genotype, decreased blood glucose and increased citrate synthase activity in both diet groups and decreased insulin levels in HFD groups. Hindlimb perfusions were performed, and, in WT mice with SD, TR increased insulin-mediated palmitate uptake (76.7%) and oxidation (>2-fold). These training-induced changes were not observed in the DN mice. With HFD, TR decreased palmitate oxidation (61–64%) in both WT and DN and increased palmitate uptake (112%) in the WT with no effects on palmitate uptake in the DN. With SD, TR increased ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 phosphorylation, regardless of genotype. With HFD, TR reduced JNK1/2 phosphorylation, regardless of genotype, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 expression in WT, and CD36 expression in both DN and WT. These data suggest that low AMPK-α2 signaling disrupts, in part, the exercise training-induced adaptations in insulin-stimulated metabolism in skeletal muscle following HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia J. Abbott
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts, Letters, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
- Crean College of Health and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, California
| | - Lorraine P. Turcotte
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Dana and David Dornsife College of Arts, Letters, and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
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44
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Gannon NP, Conn CA, Vaughan RA. Dietary stimulators of GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle: a mini-review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 59:48-64. [PMID: 25215442 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic insulin resistance can lead to type II diabetes mellitus, which is also directly influenced by an individual's genetics as well as their lifestyle. Under normal circumstances, insulin facilitates glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by stimulating glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) translocation and activity. GLUT4 activity is directly correlated with the ability to clear elevated blood glucose and insulin sensitivity. In diabetes, energy excess and prolonged hyperinsulinemia suppress muscle and adipose response to insulin, in part through reduced GLUT4 membrane levels. This work uniquely describes much of the experimental data demonstrating the effects of various dietary components on GLUT4 expression and translocation in skeletal muscle. These observations implicate several individual dietary chemicals as potential adjuvant therapies in the maintenance of diabetes and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P Gannon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Health Sciences Center, School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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45
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Marcinko K, Steinberg GR. The role of AMPK in controlling metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis during exercise. Exp Physiol 2014; 99:1581-5. [PMID: 25261498 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2014.082255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance is associated with defects in skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) metabolism that contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes. Endurance exercise increases FA and glucose metabolism, muscle mitochondrial content and insulin sensitivity. In skeletal muscle, basal rates of FA oxidation are dependent on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, the rate-limiting enzyme controlling the production of the metabolic intermediate malonyl-CoA. Likewise, AMPK is essential for maintaining muscle mitochondrial content in untrained mice; effects that may be mediated through regulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ co-activator-1α. However, the importance of AMPK in regulating glucose and FA uptake, FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis during and following endurance exercise training is not fully understood. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which endurance exercise regulates substrate utilization and mitochondrial biogenesis may lead to improved therapeutic and preventative strategies for the treatment of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Marcinko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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46
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Kim JS, Yoon CS, Park DR. NAMPT regulates mitochondria biogenesis via NAD metabolism and calcium binding proteins during skeletal muscle contraction. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2014; 18:259-66. [PMID: 25566462 PMCID: PMC4241898 DOI: 10.5717/jenb.2014.18.3.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect that muscle contraction induced NAD metabolism via NAMPT has on mitochondrial biogenesis. METHODS Primary skeletal muscle cells were isolated from the gastrocnemius in C57BL/6 mice. The muscle cells were stimulated by electrical current at 1Hz for 3 minutes in conditions of normal or NAD metabolism related inhibitor treatment. NAD/NADH level, Sirt1 and mitochondria biogenesis related signal factor's changes were examined in normal or NAD metabolism related inhibitor treated cells. RESULTS Electrical stimulation (ES) induced muscle contractions significantly increased NAD/NADH levels, NAMPT inhibitor FK-866 inhibited ES-induced NAD formation, which caused SIRT1 expression and PGC-1α deacetylation to decrease. Moreover, NAMPT inhibition decreased mitochondrial biogenesis related mRNA, COX-1 and Tfam levels. Along with AMPK inhibitor, compound C decreases SIRT1 expression, PGC-1α deacetylation and muscle contraction induced mitochondrial biogenesis related mRNA increment. These results indicated that the AMPK-NAMPT signal is a key player for muscle contraction induced SIRT1 expression and PGC-1α deacetylation, which influences mitochondrial biogenesis. Inhibition of the AMPK upregulator, Camkkβ, STO-609 decreased AMPK phosphorylation and SIRT1 expression but did not decrease PGC-1α deacetylation. However, CAMKII inhibition via AIP decreased PGC-1α deacetylation. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results indicate that NAMPT plays an important role in NAD metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, mitochondrial biogenesis is also controlled by different calcium binding protein signals including Camkkβ and CAMKII. [Keyword] Muscle contraction, NAD metabolism, SIRT1, PGC-1 α, mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Seok Kim
- Department of physical education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Chung-Su Yoon
- Department of physical education, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dae Ryoung Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical school, Jeonju, Korea
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Contraction-stimulated glucose transport in muscle is controlled by AMPK and mechanical stress but not sarcoplasmatic reticulum Ca(2+) release. Mol Metab 2014; 3:742-53. [PMID: 25353002 PMCID: PMC4209358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how muscle contraction orchestrates insulin-independent muscle glucose transport may enable development of hyperglycemia-treating drugs. The prevailing concept implicates Ca2+ as a key feed forward regulator of glucose transport with secondary fine-tuning by metabolic feedback signals through proteins such as AMPK. Here, we demonstrate in incubated mouse muscle that Ca2+ release is neither sufficient nor strictly necessary to increase glucose transport. Rather, the glucose transport response is associated with metabolic feedback signals through AMPK, and mechanical stress-activated signals. Furthermore, artificial stimulation of AMPK combined with passive stretch of muscle is additive and sufficient to elicit the full contraction glucose transport response. These results suggest that ATP-turnover and mechanical stress feedback are sufficient to fully increase glucose transport during muscle contraction, and call for a major reconsideration of the established Ca2+ centric paradigm.
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48
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Angin Y, Schwenk RW, Nergiz-Unal R, Hoebers N, Heemskerk JWM, Kuijpers MJ, Coumans WA, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Bonen A, Neumann D, Glatz JFC, Luiken JJFP. Calcium signaling recruits substrate transporters GLUT4 and CD36 to the sarcolemma without increasing cardiac substrate uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E225-36. [PMID: 24895286 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00655.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cardiomyocytes induces translocation of glucose transporter GLUT4 and long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) transporter CD36 from endosomal stores to the sarcolemma to enhance glucose and LCFA uptake, respectively. Ca(2+)/calmodulin-activated kinase kinase-β (CaMKKβ) has been positioned directly upstream of AMPK. However, it is unknown whether acute increases in [Ca(2+)]i stimulate translocation of GLUT4 and CD36 and uptake of glucose and LCFA or whether Ca(2+) signaling converges with AMPK signaling to exert these actions. Therefore, we studied the interplay between Ca(2+) and AMPK signaling in regulation of cardiomyocyte substrate uptake. Exposure of primary cardiomyocytes to inhibitors or activators of Ca(2+) signaling affected neither AMPK-Thr(172) phosphorylation nor basal and AMPK-mediated glucose and LCFA uptake. Despite their lack of an effect on substrate uptake, Ca(2+) signaling activators induced GLUT4 and CD36 translocation. In contrast, AMPK activators stimulated GLUT4/CD36 translocation as well as glucose/LCFA uptake. When cardiomyocytes were cotreated with Ca(2+) signaling and AMPK activators, Ca(2+) signaling activators further enhanced AMPK-induced glucose/LCFA uptake. In conclusion, Ca(2+) signaling shows no involvement in AMPK-induced GLUT4/CD36 translocation and substrate uptake but elicits transporter translocation via a separate pathway requiring CaMKKβ/CaMKs. Ca(2+)-induced transporter translocation by itself appears to be ineffective to increase substrate uptake but requires additional AMPK activation to effectuate transporter translocation into increased substrate uptake. Ca(2+)-induced transporter translocation might be crucial under excessive cardiac stress conditions that require supraphysiological energy demands. Alternatively, Ca(2+) signaling might prepare the heart for substrate uptake during physiological contraction by inducing transporter translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marc A M J van Zandvoort
- Molecular Cell Biology, School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Bonen
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Akash MSH, Rehman K, Chen S. Effects of coffee on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition 2014; 30:755-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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50
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Amelioration of LPS-induced inflammation response in microglia by AMPK activation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:692061. [PMID: 25025067 PMCID: PMC4084681 DOI: 10.1155/2014/692061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of cellular energy homeostasis via modulating metabolism of glucose, lipid, and protein. In addition to energy modulation, AMPK has been demonstrated to associate with several important cellular events including inflammation. The results showed that ENERGI-F704 identified from bamboo shoot extract was nontoxic in concentrations up to 80 μM and dose-dependently induced phosphorylation of AMPK (Thr-172) in microglia BV2 cells. Our findings also showed that the treatment of BV2 with ENERGI-F704 ameliorated the LPS-induced elevation of IL-6 and TNF-α production. In addition, ENERGI-F704 reduced increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via downregulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), respectively. Moreover, ENERGI-F704 decreased activated nuclear translocation and protein level of NF-κB. Inhibition of AMPK with compound C restored decreased NF-κB translocation by ENERGI-F704. In conclusion, ENERGI-F704 exerts inhibitory activity on LPS-induced inflammation through manipulating AMPK signaling and exhibits a potential therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory disease.
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