1
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Kleis-Olsen AS, Farlov JE, Petersen EA, Schmücker M, Flensted-Jensen M, Blom I, Ingersen A, Hansen M, Helge JW, Dela F, Larsen S. Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14117. [PMID: 38404156 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole-body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission. METHODS 22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non-treated controls (CONT). Peak oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidation, glycated hemoglobin, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were measured. Blood samples were collected at rest and during 45 min of ergometer exercise (65% VO2 peak). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately post-exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were measured, and citrate synthase (CS) and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity were assessed. RESULTS HT showed higher absolute mitochondrial respiratory capacity and post-exercise hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and higher CS and HAD activities. All respiration normalized to CS activity showed no significant group differences in permeabilized fibers or isolated mitochondria. There were no differences in resting energy expenditure, maximal, and resting fat oxidation or plasma markers. HT had significantly lower visceral and total fat mass compared to CONT. CONCLUSION Use of hormone therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity and a lower visceral and total fat mass. Resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation did not differ between HT and CONT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Kleis-Olsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J E Farlov
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E A Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Schmücker
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Flensted-Jensen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I Blom
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Sport Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Human Physiology and Biochemistry, Riga Stradiņš University, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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2
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Schmidt SE, Hansen MT, Roemer T, Soegaard P, Helge JW. Estimation of Cardiorespiratory fitness using a using a chest mounted accelerometer. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness expressed as maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2 max) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health. However, quantification of cardiorespiratory fitness by cardiopulmonary exercise (CPX) assessment is complex and costly and therefore not suitable in most clinical settings. In the current study we develop and validate an algorithm for estimation of V̇O2 max using seismocardiography (SCG-V̇O2 max). SCG is measurement of precordial vibrations using an accelerometer.
Methods
SCG recordings and results from ergometer CPX testing of V̇O2 max in 300 subjects from six clinical studies were combined in a database. 83 subjects underwent repeated measurements sessions across several days. SCG was obtained using a sensitive accelerometer, located on the lower sternum at the Xiphoid protrusion and subjects were placed in a supine position. 5 subjects were excluded due to cardiovascular disease, or missing data. A machine learning algorithm was devolved for estimation of V̇O2 max in a training set including 221 subjects. The remaining 74 subjects were included in a test set for validation. Correlation and accuracy between SCG-V̇O2 max and ergometer CPX V̇O2 max assessed and day to day variation was assessed in subjects who underwent multiple ergometer CPX sessions.
Results
In 144 recordings from 74 test set subjects SCG-V̇O2 max was 45.0±9.3 ml/min/kg which was comparable to the ergometer CPX V̇O2 max at 44.3±10.1 ml/min/kg (p=0.09) and correlation between ergometer CPX V̇O2 max and SCG-V̇O2 max was r=0.875. Mean average percentage error was 8.7%. Day to day variation measured as the within-subjects-standard-deviation was 1.2 ml/min/kg for SCG-V̇O2 max and 1.7 ml/min/kg for ergometer CPX.
Conclusions
SCG based estimation of VV̇O2 max is a novel, low cost, easy to use and accurate estimation method of CRF with a high level of reproducibility. SCG-V̇O2 max can potentially facilitate that cardiorespiratory fitness becomes an integrated part of modern health assessment.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): VentriJect A/S DK
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M T Hansen
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - T Roemer
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - P Soegaard
- Aalborg University Hospital, Department of Cardiology , Aalborg , Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Copenhagen , Denmark
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3
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Frandsen J, Amaro-Gahete FJ, Landgrebe A, Dela F, Ruiz JR, Helge JW, Larsen S. The influence of age, sex and cardiorespiratory fitness on maximal fat oxidation rate. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021; 46:1241-1247. [PMID: 33848440 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2021-0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fat oxidation decreases with age, yet no studies have previously investigated if aging affects the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) during exercise in men and women differently. We hypothesized that increased age would be associated with a decline in MFO and this would be more pronounced in women due to menopause, compared with men. In this cross-sectional study design, 435 (247/188, male/female) subjects of varying ages performed a DXA scan, a submaximal graded exercise test and a maximal oxygen uptake test, to measure MFO and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by indirect calorimetry. Subjects were stratified into 12 groups according to sex (male/female), age (<45, 45-55 and >55 years), CRF (below average and above average). Women aged <45 years had a higher MFO relative to fat free mass (FFM) (mg/min/kg) compared with men, regardless of CRF. However, there were no differences in MFO (mg/min/kg FFM) between men and women, in the groups aged between 45-55 and >55 years. In summary, we found that women aged <45 years display a higher MFO (mg/min/kg FFM) compared with men and that this sexual divergence is abolished after the age of 45 years. Novelty: Maximal fat oxidation rate is higher in young women compared with men. This sex-related difference is attenuated after the age of 45 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness does not influence this sex-related difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Frandsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F J Amaro-Gahete
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.,PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - A Landgrebe
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J R Ruiz
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group (PROFITH), Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - J W Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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4
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Hornstrup T, Løwenstein FT, Larsen MA, Helge EW, Póvoas S, Helge JW, Nielsen JJ, Fristrup B, Andersen JL, Gliemann L, Nybo L, Krustrup P. Correction to: Cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal adaptations to recreational team handball training: a randomized controlled trial with young adult untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:575-576. [PMID: 30547234 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The author would like to correct the errors in the publication of the original article. The corrected details are given below for your reading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - F T Løwenstein
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M A Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - E W Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - S Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690, Maia, Portugal
| | - J W Helge
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J J Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - B Fristrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - L Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - L Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - P Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 3450, Odense, Denmark.,Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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5
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Kristensen MD, Petersen SM, Møller KE, Lund MT, Hansen M, Hansen CN, Courraud J, Helge JW, Dela F, Prats C. Obesity leads to impairments in the morphology and organization of human skeletal muscle lipid droplets and mitochondrial networks, which are resolved with gastric bypass surgery-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 224:e13100. [PMID: 29791782 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Skeletal muscle lipid stores and mitochondrial function have been appointed as key players in obesity-induced insulin resistance. However, there are conflicting reports in the literature based on in vitro quantitative measurements. Here, we test the hypothesis that it is not the quantity but the quality that matters. METHODS This study combines quantitative and qualitative structural measurements of lipid stores and mitochondrial dynamics in skeletal muscle from lean subjects, and subjects with morbid obesity, with and without type 2 diabetes, before and after gastric bypass surgery. RESULTS The structural organization of muscle mitochondrial networks in type II muscle fibres from subjects with morbid obesity is impaired. In addition, the amount of skeletal muscle perilipin 2 protein per intramyocellular lipid is reduced in subjects with morbid obesity, resulting in qualitative alterations in perilipin 2 coat around some lipid droplets. Gastric bypass surgery-induced weight loss and insulin resistance remission were associated with decreases in intramyocellular lipid stores and, qualitative improvements in lipid droplets' morphology, perilipin 2 coat and mitochondrial dynamics. CONCLUSION Morbid obesity leads to severe qualitative alterations of both skeletal muscle lipid stores and mitochondrial networks. The degree of structural improvements after gastric bypass surgery was proportional to the improvements in whole body insulin sensitivity, suggesting an association between these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. D. Kristensen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. M. Petersen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. E. Møller
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. T. Lund
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Hansen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. N Hansen
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. Courraud
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics; Bispebjerg University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Prats
- X-lab, Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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6
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Hornstrup T, Løwenstein FT, Larsen MA, Helge EW, Póvoas S, Helge JW, Nielsen JJ, Fristrup B, Andersen JL, Gliemann L, Nybo L, Krustrup P. Cardiovascular, muscular, and skeletal adaptations to recreational team handball training: a randomized controlled trial with young adult untrained men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 119:561-573. [PMID: 30474740 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-4034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of lifestyle diseases has escalated, and effective exercise training programmes are warranted. This study tested the hypothesis that regular participation in small-sided team handball training could provide beneficial health effects on cardiovascular, skeletal, and muscular parameters in young adult untrained men. METHOD Twenty-six untrained 20-30-year-old men were randomly allocated to either a team handball training group (HG; n = 14), which completed 1.9 ± 0.3 training sessions per week over 12 weeks, or an inactive control group (CG; n = 12). Physiological training adaptations were assessed pre- and post interventions by DXA scans, blood samples, muscle biopsies, and physical tests. RESULTS The average heart rate during training was equivalent to 84 ± 4% of maximal heart rate. Compared to CG, HG displayed significant increases in VO2max (11 ± 6%), proximal femur bone mineral density (2 ± 1%), whole-body bone mineral content (2 ± 1%), intermittent endurance performance (32 ± 16%), incremental treadmill test performance (16 ± 7%) and muscle citrate synthase activity (22 ± 28%) as well as decreases in total fat mass (7 ± 7%) and total fat percentage (6 ± 7%) (all p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in muscle mass, blood pressure, resting heart rate, muscle hydroxyl-acyl-dehydrogenase activity, or blood lipids (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Participation in regular recreational team handball training was associated with positive cardiovascular, skeletal, and muscular adaptations, including increased maximal oxygen uptake, increased muscle enzymatic activity, and improved bone mineralization as well as lower fat percentage. These findings suggest that recreational team handball training may be an effective health-promoting activity for young adult men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - F T Løwenstein
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M A Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - E W Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - S Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development, CIDESD, University Institute of Maia, ISMAI, 4475-690, Maia, Portugal
| | - J W Helge
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J J Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - B Fristrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Bispebjerg Hospital, 2400, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
| | - L Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - L Nybo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - P Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), University of Southern Denmark, 5230, Odense, Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
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7
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Uth J, Fristrup B, Haahr RD, Brasso K, Helge JW, Rørth M, Midtgaard J, Helge EW, Krustrup P. Football training over 5 years is associated with preserved femoral bone mineral density in men with prostate cancer. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 Suppl 1:61-73. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Uth
- University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF); Rigshospitalet; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southern Denmark (SDU); Odense Denmark
| | - B. Fristrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southern Denmark (SDU); Odense Denmark
| | - R. D. Haahr
- University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF); Rigshospitalet; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southern Denmark (SDU); Odense Denmark
| | - K. Brasso
- Department of Urology; Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center; Rigshospitalet; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Rørth
- Department of Oncology; Rigshospitalet; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. Midtgaard
- University Hospitals Centre for Health Research (UCSF); Rigshospitalet; University Hospital of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. W. Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports; Copenhagen Centre for Team Sport and Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - P. Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Southern Denmark (SDU); Odense Denmark
- Sport and Health Sciences; College of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Exeter; Exeter UK
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8
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Krustrup P, Williams CA, Mohr M, Hansen PR, Helge EW, Elbe AM, de Sousa M, Dvorak J, Junge A, Hammami A, Holtermann A, Larsen MN, Kirkendall D, Schmidt JF, Andersen TR, Buono P, Rørth M, Parnell D, Ottesen L, Bennike S, Nielsen JJ, Mendham AE, Zar A, Uth J, Hornstrup T, Brasso K, Nybo L, Krustrup BR, Meyer T, Aagaard P, Andersen JL, Hubball H, Reddy PA, Ryom K, Lobelo F, Barene S, Helge JW, Fatouros IG, Nassis GP, Xu JC, Pettersen SA, Calbet JA, Seabra A, Rebelo AN, Figueiredo P, Póvoas S, Castagna C, Milanovic Z, Bangsbo J, Randers MB, Brito J. The "Football is Medicine" platform-scientific evidence, large-scale implementation of evidence-based concepts and future perspectives. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28 Suppl 1:3-7. [PMID: 29917263 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Krustrup
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - C A Williams
- CHERC, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - M Mohr
- University of Faroe Islands, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - P R Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - E W Helge
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A-M Elbe
- Universitat Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M de Sousa
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM-18, Endocrinology Division, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J Dvorak
- Spine Unit, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Junge
- Medical School Hamburg, University of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Hammami
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Sousse, University of Sousse, Benarous, Tunisia
| | - A Holtermann
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M N Larsen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - D Kirkendall
- James R. Urbaniak, Sport Sciences Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J F Schmidt
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T R Andersen
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - P Buono
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellness, University Parthenope, Napoli, Italy
| | - M Rørth
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, UK
| | - D Parnell
- Department of Economics, Policy & International Business, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - L Ottesen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Bennike
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J J Nielsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A E Mendham
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Zar
- Department of Sport Science, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran
| | - J Uth
- The University Hospitals Centre for Health Care Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hornstrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Brasso
- Department of Urology, Copenhagen Prostate Cancer Center, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L Nybo
- NEXS, UCPH, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B R Krustrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Meyer
- Institute of Sports and Preventive Medicine, Saarland University, Germany
| | - P Aagaard
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Hubball
- Department of Curriculum and Pedagogy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - K Ryom
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - F Lobelo
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health and Exercise is Medicine Global Research and Collaboration Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - S Barene
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - I G Fatouros
- School of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | | | - J C Xu
- China Institute of Sport Science, Beijing, China
| | - S A Pettersen
- School of Sport Sciences, UiT The Arctic Uniiversity of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J A Calbet
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - A Seabra
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
| | - A N Rebelo
- Faculdade de Desporto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Figueiredo
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
| | - S Póvoas
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD) University Institute of Maia (ISMAI), Maia, Portugal
| | - C Castagna
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Fitness Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Footbal Association (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano, Italy
| | - Z Milanovic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.,Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
| | - J Bangsbo
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M B Randers
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster (SHSC), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Brito
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Portugal
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9
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Lund MT, Larsen S, Hansen M, Courraud J, Floyd AK, Støckel M, Helge JW, Dela F. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity remains stable despite a comprehensive and sustained increase in insulin sensitivity in obese patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 223:e13032. [PMID: 29330917 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM It has been proposed, but not yet demonstrated by convincing evidence in published articles, that insulin resistance and mitochondrial respiratory function are causally related physiological phenomena. Here, we tested the prediction that weight loss-induced increase in insulin sensitivity will correlate with a corresponding change in mitochondrial respiratory capacity over the same time period. METHODS Insulin sensitivity was evaluated using the hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp technique, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity was evaluated by high-resolution respirometry in 26 patients with obesity. Each experiment was performed ~2 months and 1-2 weeks before, and ~4 and ~19 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. RESULTS A substantial weight loss was observed in all patients, and insulin sensitivity increased in all patients over the 21-months time period of the study. In contrast, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity, intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial content remained unchanged over the same time period. CONCLUSION Among obese patients with and without type 2 diabetes undergoing RYGB surgery, intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle is not correlated with insulin sensitivity before or after the surgical intervention. Mitochondrial respiratory function may not be germane to the pathophysiology and/or aetiology of obesity and/or type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Lund
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Surgery; Holbak Hospital; Holbak Denmark
| | - S. Larsen
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Hansen
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. Courraud
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Danish Center for Newborn screening; Department of Congenital Disorders; Statens Serum Institut; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. K. Floyd
- Department of Surgery; Holbak Hospital; Holbak Denmark
| | - M. Støckel
- Department of Surgery; Herlev University Hospital; Herlev Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics; Bispebjerg University Hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
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10
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Elbe AM, Elsborg P, Dandanell S, Helge JW. Correlates and predictors of obesity-specific quality of life of former participants of a residential intensive lifestyle intervention. Obes Sci Pract 2018; 4:188-193. [PMID: 29670756 PMCID: PMC5893473 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between weight loss during and after a unique type of weight loss intervention, namely, a residential intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI), and participants' obesity-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) several years after the intervention. In the residential ILI under investigation, participants attended a 10- to 12-week long course away from their daily living environment, namely, at Ubberup Folk High School located in Denmark. Methods A total of 79 former participants (31 male, mean age 36.6; SD = 12.7 years) who had participated in the intervention on average 5.3 (SD = 3.2) years ago were recruited for this study. They completed a questionnaire on weight-related quality of life (IWQOL-lite) and physical activity, as well as measurements of VO2max, blood pressure, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance, waist circumference and hand grip strength. Results The study results showed that weight change after the end of the intervention could predict HRQOL whereas how much weight they lost during the intervention could not. Furthermore, almost all of the investigated physiological factors were related to participants' current HRQOL. Waist circumference showed relationships with four of the five aspects of HRQOL. Conclusion Focusing on behavioural change, adhering to improved lifestyle and maintaining weight loss after the end of the intervention seem to be the key not only for cardio-metabolic risk factors but also for sustainable HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-M Elbe
- Institute of Sport Psychology and Physical Education, Leipzig University Germany
| | - P Elsborg
- Health Promotion, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, the Capital Region of Denmark Denmark
| | - S Dandanell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, XLab, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, XLab, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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11
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Søgaard D, Lund MT, Scheuer CM, Dehlbaek MS, Dideriksen SG, Abildskov CV, Christensen KK, Dohlmann TL, Larsen S, Vigelsø AH, Dela F, Helge JW. High-intensity interval training improves insulin sensitivity in older individuals. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2018; 222:e13009. [PMID: 29197155 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Metabolic health may deteriorate with age as a result of altered body composition and decreased physical activity. Endurance exercise is known to counter these changes delaying or even preventing onset of metabolic diseases. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a time efficient alternative to regular endurance exercise, and the aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic benefit of HIIT in older subjects. METHODS Twenty-two sedentary male (n = 11) and female (n = 11) subjects aged 63 ± 1 years performed HIIT training three times/week for 6 weeks on a bicycle ergometer. Each HIIT session consisted of five 1-minute intervals interspersed with 1½-minute rest. Prior to the first and after the last HIIT session whole-body insulin sensitivity, measured by a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp, plasma lipid levels, HbA1c, glycaemic parameters, body composition and maximal oxygen uptake were assessed. Muscle biopsies were obtained wherefrom content of glycogen and proteins involved in muscle glucose handling were determined. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity (P = .011) and maximal oxygen uptake increased (P < .05) in both genders, while plasma cholesterol (P < .05), low-density lipoprotein (P < .05), visceral fat mass (P < .05) and per cent body fat (P < .05) decreased after 6 weeks of HIIT. HbA1c decreased only in males (P = .001). Muscle glycogen content increased in both genders (P = .001) and in line GLUT4 (P < .05), glycogen synthase (P = .001) and hexokinase II (P < .05) content all increased. CONCLUSION Six weeks of HIIT significantly improves metabolic health in older males and females by reducing age-related risk factors for cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Søgaard
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - M. T. Lund
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. M. Scheuer
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. S. Dehlbaek
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. G. Dideriksen
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. V. Abildskov
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. K. Christensen
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. L. Dohlmann
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Larsen
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. H. Vigelsø
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics; Bispebjerg University hospital; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Centre of Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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12
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Bandak M, Jørgensen N, Juul A, Lauritsen J, Kier MGG, Mortensen MS, Oturai PS, Mortensen J, Hojman P, Helge JW, Daugaard G. Reproductive hormones and metabolic syndrome in 24 testicular cancer survivors and their biological brothers. Andrology 2017; 5:718-724. [PMID: 28598554 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Testicular cancer survivors have impaired gonadal function and increased risk of metabolic syndrome when compared to healthy controls. However, because of the fetal etiology of testicular cancer, familial unrelated healthy men might not be an optimal control group. The objective of this study was to clarify if testicular cancer survivors have impaired gonadal function and increased risk of metabolic syndrome when compared to their biological brothers. A cross-sectional study of testicular cancer survivors (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02240966) was conducted between 2014 and 2016. Of 158 testicular cancer survivors included, 24 had a biological brother who accepted to participate in the study. Serum levels of reproductive hormones and prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to International Diabetes Federation Criteria and National Cholesterol Education Program (Adult Treatment Panel III) criteria comprised the main outcome measures of the study. Median age was similar in testicular cancer survivors and their biological brothers [44 years (IQR 39-50) vs. 46 (40-53) years respectively (p = 0.1)]. In testicular cancer survivors, follow-up since treatment was 12 years (7-19). Serum levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were elevated (p ≤ 0.001), while total testosterone, free testosterone, inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone were lower (p ≤ 0.001) in testicular cancer survivors than in their biological brothers. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was similar and apart from HDL-cholesterol, which was lower in testicular cancer survivors (p = 0.01); there were no differences in the individual components of the metabolic syndrome between testicular cancer survivors and their brothers. In conclusion, gonadal function was impaired in testicular cancer survivors, while we did not detect any difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between testicular cancer survivors and their biological brothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bandak
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Jørgensen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Lauritsen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M G G Kier
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Unit of Survivorship, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Danish Cancer Society, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M S Mortensen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P S Oturai
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Mortensen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Hojman
- Centre of Physical Activity Research, Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Daugaard
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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13
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Guadalupe-Grau A, Fernández-Elías VE, Ortega JF, Dela F, Helge JW, Mora-Rodriguez R. Effects of 6-month aerobic interval training on skeletal muscle metabolism in middle-aged metabolic syndrome patients. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:585-595. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Guadalupe-Grau
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
- ImFINE Research Group; Department of Health and Human Performance; Technical University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - V. E. Fernández-Elías
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
- Department of Sport Science; European University of Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J. F. Ortega
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R. Mora-Rodriguez
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory at Toledo; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Toledo Spain
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Calbet JAL, González-Alonso J, Helge JW, Søndergaard H, Munch-Andersen T, Saltin B, Boushel R. Central and peripheral hemodynamics in exercising humans: leg vs arm exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 25 Suppl 4:144-57. [PMID: 26589128 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In humans, arm exercise is known to elicit larger increases in arterial blood pressure (BP) than leg exercise. However, the precise regulation of regional vascular conductances (VC) for the distribution of cardiac output with exercise intensity remains unknown. Hemodynamic responses were assessed during incremental upright arm cranking (AC) and leg pedalling (LP) to exhaustion (Wmax) in nine males. Systemic VC, peak cardiac output (Qpeak) (indocyanine green) and stroke volume (SV) were 18%, 23%, and 20% lower during AC than LP. The mean BP, the rate-pressure product and the associated myocardial oxygen demand were 22%, 12%, and 14% higher, respectively, during maximal AC than LP. Trunk VC was reduced to similar values at Wmax. At Wmax, muscle mass-normalized VC and fractional O2 extraction were lower in the arm than the leg muscles. However, this was compensated for during AC by raising perfusion pressure to increase O2 delivery, allowing a similar peak VO2 per kg of muscle mass in both extremities. In summary, despite a lower Qpeak during arm cranking the cardiovascular strain is much higher than during leg pedalling. The adjustments of regional conductances during incremental exercise to exhaustion depend mostly on the relative intensity of exercise and are limb-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.,The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - J González-Alonso
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - J W Helge
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,Centre for Healthy Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Søndergaard
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - T Munch-Andersen
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - B Saltin
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - R Boushel
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Gnaiger E, Boushel R, Søndergaard H, Munch-Andersen T, Damsgaard R, Hagen C, Díez-Sánchez C, Ara I, Wright-Paradis C, Schrauwen P, Hesselink M, Calbet JAL, Christiansen M, Helge JW, Saltin B. Mitochondrial coupling and capacity of oxidative phosphorylation in skeletal muscle of Inuit and Caucasians in the arctic winter. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2016; 25 Suppl 4:126-34. [PMID: 26589126 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
During evolution, mitochondrial DNA haplogroups of arctic populations may have been selected for lower coupling of mitochondrial respiration to ATP production in favor of higher heat production. We show that mitochondrial coupling in skeletal muscle of traditional and westernized Inuit habituating northern Greenland is identical to Danes of western Europe haplogroups. Biochemical coupling efficiency was preserved across variations in diet, muscle fiber type, and uncoupling protein-3 content. Mitochondrial phenotype displayed plasticity in relation to lifestyle and environment. Untrained Inuit and Danes had identical capacities to oxidize fat substrate in arm muscle, which increased in Danes during the 42 days of acclimation to exercise, approaching the higher level of the Inuit hunters. A common pattern emerges of mitochondrial acclimatization and evolutionary adaptation in humans at high latitude and high altitude where economy of locomotion may be optimized by preservation of biochemical coupling efficiency at modest mitochondrial density, when submaximum performance is uncoupled from VO2max and maximum capacities of oxidative phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gnaiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery, D. Swarovski Research Laboratory, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R Boushel
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - H Søndergaard
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - R Damsgaard
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Hagen
- National Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Díez-Sánchez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - I Ara
- GENUD Toledo Research Group, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - C Wright-Paradis
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Schrauwen
- NUTRIM - School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M Hesselink
- NUTRIM - School for Nutrition, Toxicology and Metabolism, Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - J A L Calbet
- Department of Physical Education, Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | | | - J W Helge
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.,X-Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - B Saltin
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Vigelsø A, Gram M, Dybboe R, Kuhlman AB, Prats C, Greenhaff PL, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Birk JB, Wojtaszewski JFP, Dela F, Helge JW. The effect of age and unilateral leg immobilization for 2 weeks on substrate utilization during moderate-intensity exercise in human skeletal muscle. J Physiol 2016; 594:2339-58. [PMID: 26801521 DOI: 10.1113/jp271712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS This study aimed to provide molecular insight into the differential effects of age and physical inactivity on the regulation of substrate metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise. Using the arteriovenous balance technique, we studied the effect of immobilization of one leg for 2 weeks on leg substrate utilization in young and older men during two-legged dynamic knee-extensor moderate-intensity exercise, as well as changes in key proteins in muscle metabolism before and after exercise. Age and immobilization did not affect relative carbohydrate and fat utilization during exercise, but the older men had higher uptake of exogenous fatty acids, whereas the young men relied more on endogenous fatty acids during exercise. Using a combined whole-leg and molecular approach, we provide evidence that both age and physical inactivity result in intramuscular lipid accumulation, but this occurs only in part through the same mechanisms. ABSTRACT Age and inactivity have been associated with intramuscular triglyceride (IMTG) accumulation. Here, we attempt to disentangle these factors by studying the effect of 2 weeks of unilateral leg immobilization on substrate utilization across the legs during moderate-intensity exercise in young (n = 17; 23 ± 1 years old) and older men (n = 15; 68 ± 1 years old), while the contralateral leg served as the control. After immobilization, the participants performed two-legged isolated knee-extensor exercise at 20 ± 1 W (∼50% maximal work capacity) for 45 min with catheters inserted in the brachial artery and both femoral veins. Biopsy samples obtained from vastus lateralis muscles of both legs before and after exercise were used for analysis of substrates, protein content and enzyme activities. During exercise, leg substrate utilization (respiratory quotient) did not differ between groups or legs. Leg fatty acid uptake was greater in older than in young men, and although young men demonstrated net leg glycerol release during exercise, older men showed net glycerol uptake. At baseline, IMTG, muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity and the protein content of adipose triglyceride lipase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)γ3 were higher in young than in older men. Furthermore, adipose triglyceride lipase, plasma membrane-associated fatty acid binding protein and AMPKγ3 subunit protein contents were lower and IMTG was higher in the immobilized than the contralateral leg in young and older men. Thus, immobilization and age did not affect substrate choice (respiratory quotient) during moderate exercise, but the whole-leg and molecular differences in fatty acid mobilization could explain the age- and immobilization-induced IMTG accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vigelsø
- XLAB, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Gram
- XLAB, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Dybboe
- XLAB, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Molecular Physiology, The August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A B Kuhlman
- XLAB, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Prats
- XLAB, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P L Greenhaff
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Constantin-Teodosiu
- MRC/Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, School of Life Sciences, The Medical School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J B Birk
- Section of Molecular Physiology, The August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, The August Krogh Centre, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- XLAB, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- XLAB, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Eriksen L, Grønbaek M, Helge JW, Tolstrup JS. Cardiorespiratory fitness in 16 025 adults aged 18-91 years and associations with physical activity and sitting time. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1435-1443. [PMID: 26681406 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to provide up-to-date cardiorespiratory fitness reference data for adults of all ages and to investigate associations between cardiores-piratory fitness and leisure time physical activity as well as sitting time. In the Danish Health Examination Survey 2007-2008, cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated in 16 025 individuals aged 18-91 years from validated cycle ergometer exercise tests. Level of leisure time physical activity (sedentary, light, moderate, and vigorous) and daily sitting time in hours was obtained from a self-administered questionnaire. Men had 20-33% higher cardiorespiratory fitness than women, depending on age, and cardiorespiratory fitness decreased by 0.26 and 0.23 mL/min/kg per year in men and women, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness was higher among participants who reported a high level of physical activity in leisure time compared with participants who were sedentary. Among sedentary or lightly physically active participants, inverse associations between total daily sitting time and cardiorespiratory fitness were found, while there was no association between sitting time and cardiorespiratory fitness among moderately or vigorously physically active participants. These data on cardiorespiratory fitness can serve as useful reference material. Although reluctant to conclude on causality, sitting time might impact cardiorespiratory fitness among individuals with low levels of leisure time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eriksen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Grønbaek
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
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19
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Lund MT, Hansen M, Wimmelmann CL, Taudorf LR, Helge JW, Mortensen EL, Dela F. Increased post-operative cardiopulmonary fitness in gastric bypass patients is explained by weight loss. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 26:1428-1434. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Lund
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - M. Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. L. Wimmelmann
- Unit of Medical Psychology; Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - L. R. Taudorf
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - E. L. Mortensen
- Unit of Medical Psychology; Department of Public Health; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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20
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Boushel R, Gnaiger E, Larsen FJ, Helge JW, González-Alonso J, Ara I, Munch-Andersen T, van Hall G, Søndergaard H, Saltin B, Calbet JAL. Maintained peak leg and pulmonary VO2despite substantial reduction in muscle mitochondrial capacity. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015; 25 Suppl 4:135-43. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Boushel
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- School of Kinesiology; University of British Columbia; Vancouver BC Canada
| | - E. Gnaiger
- Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; D. Swarovski Research Laboratory; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - F. J. Larsen
- Åstrand Laboratory; The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences; Stockholm Sweden
| | - J. W. Helge
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- X-Lab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. González-Alonso
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance; Brunel University, London; Uxbridge UK
| | - I. Ara
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- GENUD Toledo Research Group; Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM); Spain
| | | | - G. van Hall
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- Biomedical Sciences, Health & Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen & Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - H. Søndergaard
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - B. Saltin
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. A. L. Calbet
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Physical Education, and Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences (IUIBS); University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Las Palmas Spain
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21
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Vigelso A, Prats C, Ploug T, Dela F, Helge JW. Higher muscle content of perilipin 5 and endothelial lipase protein in trained than untrained middle-aged men. Physiol Res 2015; 65:293-302. [PMID: 26447519 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A high VO(2)max in middle-age is related to high metabolic flexibility and lowered risk of metabolic diseases. However, the influence of a high VO(2)max induced by years of regular training in middle-age on protein expression related to muscle metabolism is not well studied. This study measures key proteins involved in mitochondrial oxidation, glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle of trained and untrained middle-aged men. 16 middle-aged men, matched for lean body mass, were recruited into an endurance trained (TR, n=8) or an untrained (CON, n=8) group based on their VO(2)max. A muscle biopsy was obtained from m. vastus lateralis and protein levels were analyzed by Western blotting. The TR had higher protein levels of mitochondrial complex III-V, endothelial lipase (EL) and perilipin 5 compared to the CON. Glycogen synthase (P=0.05), perilipin 3 (P=0.09) and ATGL (P=0.09) tended to be higher in TR than CON, but there was no difference in AKT I/II, HKII, GLUT4 and LPL protein expression. Lastly, there was a positive correlation between plasma HDL and EL (R(2)=0.53, P<0.01). In conclusion, a high VO(2)max in middle-aged men was as expected is reflected in higher muscle oxidative capacity, but also in higher endothelial lipase and perilipin 5 expression and a borderline higher glycogen synthase protein expression, which may contribute to a higher metabolic flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vigelso
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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22
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Kristensen MM, Helge JW, Dela F. Comment on Režen et al. Expression changes in human skeletal muscle miRNAs following 10 days of bed rest in young healthy males. Acta Physiol 2014; 210: 655-666. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:157. [PMID: 25112703 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M M Kristensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Dahl R, Larsen S, Dohlmann TL, Qvortrup K, Helge JW, Dela F, Prats C. Three-dimensional reconstruction of the human skeletal muscle mitochondrial network as a tool to assess mitochondrial content and structural organization. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 213:145-55. [PMID: 24684826 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mitochondria undergo continuous changes in shape as result of complex fusion and fission processes. The physiological relevance of mitochondrial dynamics is still unclear. In the field of mitochondria bioenergetics, there is a need of tools to assess cell mitochondrial content. To develop a method to visualize mitochondrial networks in high resolution and assess mitochondrial volume. METHODS Confocal fluorescence microscopy imaging of mitochondrial network stains in human vastus lateralis single muscle fibres and focused ion beam/ scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) imaging, combined with 3D reconstruction was used as a tool to analyse mitochondrial morphology and measure mitochondrial fractional volume. RESULTS Most type I and type II muscle fibres have tubular highly interconnected profusion mitochondria, which are thicker and more structured in type I muscle fibres (Fig. 1). In some muscle fibres, profission-isolated ellipsoid-shaped mitochondria were observed. Mitochondrial volume was significantly higher in type I muscle fibres and showed no correlation with any of the investigated molecular and biochemical mitochondrial measurements (Fig. 2). Three-dimensional reconstruction of FIB/SEM data sets shows that some subsarcolemmal mitochondria are physically interconnected with some intermyofibrillar mitochondria (Fig. 3). CONCLUSION Two microscopy methods to visualize skeletal muscle mitochondrial networks in 3D are described and can be used as tools to investigate mitochondrial dynamics in response to life-style interventions and/or in certain pathologies. Our results question the classification of mitochondria into subsarcolemmal and intermyofibrillar pools, as they are physically interconnected.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Dahl
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center; Center for Healthy Aging; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Larsen
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center; Center for Healthy Aging; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. L. Dohlmann
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center; Center for Healthy Aging; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - K. Qvortrup
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center; Center for Healthy Aging; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center; Center for Healthy Aging; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - C. Prats
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Center; Center for Healthy Aging; Copenhagen Denmark
- Core Facility for Integrated Microscopy; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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24
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Eriksen L, Tolstrup JS, Larsen S, Grønbæk M, Helge JW. A maximal cycle test with good validity and high repeatability in adults of all ages. Int J Sports Med 2014; 35:1184-9. [PMID: 25259589 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1376973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In 11 680 individuals (18-85 years) maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) was estimated indirectly in a maximal cycle test using a prediction model developed in a young population (15-28 years). A subsample of 182 individuals (23-77 years) underwent 2 maximal cycle tests with VO2max estimated indirectly in both tests and measured directly in one test. Agreement between the direct measurement and the indirect estimate of VO2max and repeatability of the indirect estimates of VO2max were examined by Bland-Altman plots, limits of agreement (LOA) and coefficient of repeatability (CR). The indirect method (mean VO2max=3 132 ml · min(-1)) underestimated VO2max as compared to the direct method (mean VO2max=3 190 ml · min(-1)) in men (bias: 58 ml · min(-1) (95% LOA-450 and 565)) and overestimated VO2max in women (mean VO2max=2 328 vs. 2 258 ml · min(-1), bias: - 70 ml · min(-1) (95% LOA-468 and 328)). The mean difference between the 2 indirect estimates was non-significant (men: - 11.9 ml · min(-1), women: 18.3 ml · min(-1)) with a CR of 279 ml · min(-1) (8.9%) in men and 274 ml · min(-1) (11.7%) in women. The validity of the indirect method was good despite minor sex-specific bias. Owing to this bias we suggest a new prediction model of VO2max. The maximal cycle test was highly repeatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eriksen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J S Tolstrup
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Larsen
- Centre of Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - M Grønbæk
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J W Helge
- Centre of Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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25
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Larsen S, Danielsen JH, Søndergård SD, Søgaard D, Vigelsoe A, Dybboe R, Skaaby S, Dela F, Helge JW. The effect of high-intensity training on mitochondrial fat oxidation in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e59-69. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Larsen
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. H. Danielsen
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. D. Søndergård
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - D. Søgaard
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. Vigelsoe
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R. Dybboe
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Skaaby
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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26
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Guadalupe-Grau A, Larsen S, Guerra B, Calbet JAL, Dela F, Helge JW. Influence of age on leptin induced skeletal muscle signalling. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:214-28. [PMID: 24605926 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Age associated fat mass accumulation could be because of dysregulation of leptin signalling in skeletal muscle. Thus, we investigated total protein expression and phosphorylation levels of the long isoform of the leptin receptor (OB-Rb), and leptin signalling through janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), combined with the leptin signalling inhibitors suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in human skeletal muscle of different age. METHODS Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from 39 men matched for BMI < 30 kg m(-2) and separated into three groups: 13 young (Y, 24 ± 4 years); 14 middle aged (MA, 44 ± 5 years) and 12 aged (A, 58 ± 8 years) subjects. RESULTS Whole body fat percentage and plasma leptin were higher (P < 0.05), whereas lean mass, plasma free testosterone and total testosterone were lower (P < 0.05) in A compared to Y. Skeletal muscle OB-Rb (170 KDa) protein expression and pTyr(1141) -OB-R170 were comparable between groups, whereas pTyr(985) -OB-R170 was lower in A compared to Y (P < 0.05). pSTAT3 levels tended (P = 0.09) to be lower (50%) in A compared to Y. In A, muscle PTP1B was greater and IRS-1 lower than Y and MA respectively (P < 0.05). PTyr(612) -IRS-1 tended to be lower in A than in Y (P = 0.09). Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) protein expression, pJAK2, pSer(1101) -IRS-1, pAMPKα and pACCβ were similar between groups. CONCLUSION Age is associated with dysregulation of the leptin signalling and increased PTP1B protein expression in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Guadalupe-Grau
- Department of Physical Education; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Larsen
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - B. Guerra
- Department of Clinical Sciences; Molecular and Translational Endocrinology Group; Associate Unit of University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Biomedical Institute “Alberto Sols” - CSIC; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
- ICIC; Cancer Research Institute of the Canary Islands; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - J. A. L. Calbet
- Department of Physical Education; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias; Las Palmas de Gran Canaria Spain
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; Center for Healthy Aging; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Boushel R, Ara I, Gnaiger E, Helge JW, González-Alonso J, Munck-Andersen T, Sondergaard H, Damsgaard R, van Hall G, Saltin B, Calbet JAL. Low-intensity training increases peak arm VO2 by enhancing both convective and diffusive O2 delivery. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2014; 211:122-34. [PMID: 24528535 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is an ongoing discussion the extent to which oxygen delivery and oxygen extraction contribute to an increased muscle oxygen uptake during dynamic exercise. It has been proposed that local muscle factors including the capillary bed and mitochondrial oxidative capacity play a large role in prolonged low-intensity training of a small muscle group when the cardiac output capacity is not directly limiting. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative roles of circulatory and muscle metabolic mechanisms by which prolonged low-intensity exercise training alters regional muscle VO2 . METHODS In nine healthy volunteers (seven males, two females), haemodynamic and metabolic responses to incremental arm cycling were measured by the Fick method and biopsy of the deltoid and triceps muscles before and after 42 days of skiing for 6 h day(-1) at 60% max heart rate. RESULTS Peak pulmonary VO2 during arm crank was unchanged after training (2.38 ± 0.19 vs. 2.18 ± 0.2 L min(-1) pre-training) yet arm VO2 (1.04 ± 0.08 vs. 0.83 ± 0.1 L min(1) , P < 0.05) and power output (137 ± 9 vs. 114 ± 10 Watts) were increased along with a higher arm blood flow (7.9 ± 0.5 vs. 6.8 ± 0.6 L min(-1) , P < 0.05) and expanded muscle capillary volume (76 ± 7 vs. 62 ± 4 mL, P < 0.05). Muscle O2 diffusion capacity (16.2 ± 1 vs. 12.5 ± 0.9 mL min(-1) mHg(-1) , P < 0.05) and O2 extraction (68 ± 1 vs. 62 ± 1%, P < 0.05) were enhanced at a similar mean capillary transit time (569 ± 43 vs. 564 ± 31 ms) and P50 (35.8 ± 0.7 vs. 35 ± 0.8), whereas mitochondrial O2 flux capacity was unchanged (147 ± 6 mL kg min(-1) vs. 146 ± 8 mL kg min(-1) ). CONCLUSION The mechanisms underlying the increase in peak arm VO2 with prolonged low-intensity training in previously untrained subjects are an increased convective O2 delivery specifically to the muscles of the arm combined with a larger capillary-muscle surface area that enhance diffusional O2 conductance, with no apparent role of mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Boushel
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences; Stockholm Sweden
| | - I. Ara
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- GENUD Toledo Research Group; University of Castilla-La Mancha; Castilla-La Mancha Spain
| | - E. Gnaiger
- D. Swarovski Research Laboratory; Department of Visceral, Transplant and Thoracic Surgery; Medical University of Innsbruck; Innsbruck Austria
| | - J. W. Helge
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- X-Lab; Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. González-Alonso
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- Centre for Sports Medicine and Human Performance; Brunel University; Uxbridge Middlesex UK
| | | | - H. Sondergaard
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R. Damsgaard
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - G. van Hall
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - B. Saltin
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - J. A. L. Calbet
- The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre; Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Physical Education and Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias; University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Spain
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28
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Munch-Andersen T, Sorensen K, Andersen LB, Aachmann-Andersen NJ, Aksglaede L, Juul A, Helge JW. Adverse metabolic risk profiles in Greenlandic Inuit children compared to Danish children. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1226-31. [PMID: 23670907 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During recent decades, the prevalence of metabolic morbidity has increased rapidly in adult Greenlandic Inuit. To what extent this is also reflected in the juvenile Inuit population is unknown. The objective was, therefore, in the comparison with Danish children, to evaluate metabolic profiles in Greenlandic Inuit children from the capital in the southern and from the northern most villages DESIGN AND METHODS 187 Inuit and 132 Danish children were examined with anthropometrics, pubertal staging, fasting blood samples, and a maximal aerobic test. RESULTS Both Inuit children living in Nuuk and the northern villages had significantly higher glucose, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 levels, and diastolic blood pressure compared with Danish children after adjustment for differences in adiposity and aerobic fitness levels. The Inuit children living in Nuuk had significantly higher BMI, body fat %, HbA1 c, and significantly lower aerobic fitness and ApoA1 levels than northern living Inuit children. CONCLUSIONS Greenlandic Inuit children had adverse metabolic health profile compared to the Danish children, the differences where more pronounced in Inuit children living in Nuuk. The tendencies toward higher prevalence of diabetes and metabolic morbidity in the adult Greenlandic Inuit population may also be present in the Inuit children population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Munch-Andersen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Larsen S, Hey-Mogensen M, Rabøl R, Stride N, Helge JW, Dela F. The influence of age and aerobic fitness: effects on mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:423-32. [PMID: 22212519 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02408.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 12/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mitochondrial function has previously been studied in ageing, but never in humans matched for maximal oxygen uptake ((V)·O2max). Furthermore, the influence of ageing on mitochondrial substrate sensitivity is not known. METHODS Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial substrate sensitivity were measured by respirometry in young (23 ± 3 years) and middle-aged (53 ± 3 years) male subjects with similar (V)·O2max. Protocols for respirometry included titration of substrates for complex I (glutamate), complex II (succinate) and both (octanoyl carnitine) for calculation of substrate sensitivity (C(50) ). Myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms, citrate synthase (CS) and β-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HAD) activity, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content, protein levels of complexes I-V and antioxidant defence system [manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)] were measured. RESULTS No differences were found in maximal mitochondrial respiration or C(50) with glutamate (2.0 ± 0.3 and 1.8 ± 0.3 mm), succinate (3.7 ± 0.2 and 3.8 ± 0.4 mm) or octanoyl carnitine (47 ± 8 and 56 ± 7 μm) in young and middle-aged subjects respectively. Normalizing mitochondrial respiration to mtDNA young subjects had a higher (P < 0.05) respiratory capacity per mitochondrion compared to middle-aged subjects. HAD activity and mtDNA per mg tissue were higher in middle-aged compared to young subjects. Middle-aged had a higher MHC I isoform and a lower MHC IIX isoform content compared to young subjects. CONCLUSION Mitochondrial substrate sensitivity is not affected by ageing. When young and middle-aged men are carefully matched for (V)·O2max, mitochondrial respiratory capacity is also similar. However, per mitochondrion respiratory capacity was lower in middle-aged compared to young subjects. Thus, when matched for (V)·O2max, middle-aged seem to require a higher mitochondrial content than young subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Hey-Mogensen
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Blegdamsvej 3b; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - R. Rabøl
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Blegdamsvej 3b; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - N. Stride
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Blegdamsvej 3b; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Blegdamsvej 3b; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab; Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Blegdamsvej 3b; Copenhagen; Denmark
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30
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Larsen S, Kristensen JM, Stride N, Wojtaszewski JFP, Helge JW, Dela F. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in AMPKα2 kinase-dead mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 205:314-20. [PMID: 22192354 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02399.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To study whether the phenotypical characteristics (exercise intolerance; reduced spontaneous activity) of the AMPKα2 kinase-dead (KD) mice can be explained by a reduced mitochondrial respiratory flux rates (JO(2) ) in skeletal muscle. Secondly, the effect of the maturation process on JO(2) was studied. METHODS In tibialis anterior (almost exclusively type 2 fibres) muscle from young (12-17 weeks, n = 7) and mature (25-27 weeks, n = 12) KD and wild-type (WT) (12-17 weeks, n = 9; 25-27 weeks, n = 11) littermates, JO(2) was quantified in permeabilized fibres ex vivo by respirometry, using a substrate-uncoupler-inhibitor-titration (SUIT) protocol: malate, octanoyl carnitine, ADP and glutamate (GMO(3) ), + succinate (GMOS(3) ), + uncoupler (U) and inhibitor (rotenone) of complex I respiration. Citrate synthase (CS) activity was measured as an index of mitochondrial content. RESULTS Citrate synthase activity was highest in young WT animals and lower in KD animals compared with age-matched WT. JO(2) per mg tissue was lower (P < 0.05) in KD animals (state GMOS(3) ). No uncoupling effect was seen in any of the animals. Normalized oxygen flux (JO(2) /CS) revealed a uniform pattern across the SUIT protocol with no effect of KD. However, JO(2) /CS was higher [GMO(3) , GMOS(3) , U and rotenone (only WT)] in the mature compared with the young mice - irrespective of the genotype (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Exercise intolerance and reduced activity level seen in KD mice may be explained by reduced JO(2) in the maximally coupled respiratory state. Furthermore, an enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation capacity per mitochondrion is seen with the maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Larsen
- Xlab - Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J. M. Kristensen
- Molecular Physiology Group; Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - N. Stride
- Xlab - Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J. F. P. Wojtaszewski
- Molecular Physiology Group; Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences; Faculty of Natural Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J. W. Helge
- Xlab - Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - F. Dela
- Xlab - Center for Healthy Aging; Department of Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen; Denmark
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31
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Larsen S, Wright-Paradis C, Gnaiger E, Helge JW, Boushel R. Cryopreservation of human skeletal muscle impairs mitochondrial function. Cryo Letters 2012; 33:170-176. [PMID: 22825783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated if cryopreservation is a viable approach for functional mitochondrial analysis. Different tissues have been studied, and conflicting results have been published. The aim of the present study was to investigate if mitochondria in human skeletal muscle maintain functionality after long term cryopreservation (1 year). Skeletal muscle samples were preserved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for later analysis. Human skeletal muscle fibres were thawed and permeabilised with saponin, and mitochondrial respiration was measured by high-resolution respirometry. The capacity of oxidative phosphorylation was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in cryopreserved human skeletal muscle samples. Cryopreservation impaired respiration with substrates linked to Complex I more than for Complex II (P < 0.05). Addition of cytochrome c revealed an increase in respiration indicating cytochrome c loss from the mitochondria. The results from this study demonstrate that normal mitochondrial functionality is not maintained in cryopreserved human skeletal muscle samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Larsen S, Rabøl R, Hansen CN, Madsbad S, Helge JW, Dela F. Metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes have normal mitochondrial complex I respiration. Diabetologia 2012; 55:443-9. [PMID: 22009334 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The glucose-lowering drug metformin has been shown to inhibit complex I of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in skeletal muscle. To investigate this effect in vivo we studied skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiratory capacity and content from patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin (n = 14) or sulfonylurea (n = 8) and healthy control (n = 18) participants. METHODS Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was measured ex vivo in permeabilised muscle fibres obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle of all participants. The respiratory response to in vitro titration with metformin was measured in controls. Citrate synthase (CS) activity, and fasting plasma glucose, insulin and HbA(1c) levels were measured and body composition was determined. RESULTS Participants were matched for age, BMI and percentage body fat. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in those treated with sulfonylureas and metformin than in controls. CS activity was comparable between metformin-treated and control participants, but tended to be lower in those receiving sulfonylureas. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity with substrates for complex I and complex I and II was comparable in the groups, both when estimated per mg of tissue and when normalised to CS activity. In vitro metformin titration demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on complex I and II in human skeletal muscle at suprapharmacological concentrations. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Metformin treatment does not inhibit mitochondrial complex I respiration in the electron transport chain in human skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes when measured ex vivo. Inhibition of complex I and II respiration in controls was demonstrated by metformin titration in vitro at doses well above those observed during metformin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Helge JW, Tobin L, Drachmann T, Hellgren LI, Dela F, Galbo H. Muscle ceramide content is similar after 3 weeks’ consumption of fat or carbohydrate diet in a crossover design in patients with type 2 diabetes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2011; 112:911-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-011-2041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Larsen S, Stride N, Hey-Mogensen M, Hansen CN, Andersen JL, Madsbad S, Worm D, Helge JW, Dela F. Increased mitochondrial substrate sensitivity in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2011; 54:1427-36. [PMID: 21424396 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Mitochondrial respiration has been linked to insulin resistance. We studied mitochondrial respiratory capacity and substrate sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes (patients), and obese and lean control participants. METHODS Mitochondrial respiration was measured in permeabilised muscle fibres by respirometry. Protocols for respirometry included titration of substrates for complex I (glutamate), complex II (succinate) and both (octanoyl-carnitine). Myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition, antioxidant capacity (manganese superoxide dismutase [MnSOD]), citrate synthase activity and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2) were also determined. Insulin sensitivity was determined with the isoglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp technique. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity was different (p < 0.05) between the groups (patients<obese controls<lean controls). MnSOD was lower in patients than in lean controls. MHC I content was lowest in patients (37 ± 11% [mean ± SE] vs 53 ± 6% and 56 ± 4%) vs obese controls and lean controls, respectively. VO2 was highest in lean controls (40 ± 3 ml min(-1) kg(-1) [mean ± SE]) compared with patients (25 ± 2) and obese controls (27 ± 2). Mitochondrial content (citrate synthase) was higher (p < 0.05) in lean controls than in patients and obese controls. When normalised for mitochondrial content by citrate synthase, mitochondrial respiratory capacity was similar in all groups. However, the half maximal substrate concentration (C(50)) for complex I was significantly lower (p = 0.03) in patients (1.1 ± 0.2 mmol/l [mean ± SE]) than in obese (2.0 ± 0.3) and lean (1.8 ± 0.3) controls. Likewise, C(50) for complex II was lower (p = 0.02) in patients (3.5 ± 0.2 mmol/l [mean ± SE]) than in obese controls (4.1 ± 0.2), but did not differ from that in lean controls (3.8 ± 0.4). Substrate sensitivity for octanoyl-carnitine did not differ between groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Increased mitochondrial substrate sensitivity is seen in skeletal muscle from type 2 diabetic patients and is confined to non-lipid substrates. Respiratory capacity per mitochondrion is not decreased with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 3b, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark.
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Helge JW, Stallknecht B, Drachmann T, Hellgren LI, Jiménez-Jiménez R, Andersen JL, Richelsen B, Bruun JM. Improved glucose tolerance after intensive life style intervention occurs without changes in muscle ceramide or triacylglycerol in morbidly obese subjects. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 201:357-64. [PMID: 20726847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02180.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study investigated the effect of a 15-week life style intervention (hypocaloric diet and regular exercise) on glucose tolerance, skeletal muscle lipids and muscle metabolic adaptations in 14 female and 9 male morbidly obese subjects (age: 32.5±2.3 years, body mass index: 46.1±1.9 kg m(-2) ). METHOD Before and after the life style intervention, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed and a muscle biopsy was obtained in the fasted state. Maximal oxygen uptake was measured by an indirect test. RESULTS After the intervention, body weight was decreased (P<0.05) by 11±1%, maximal oxygen uptake increased (P<0.05) by 18±5% and glucose tolerance increased (P<0.05) by 12±3%. Muscle glycogen was significantly increased by 47±14%, but muscle ceramide and triacylglycerol content remained completely unchanged. No sex difference was observed for any of these parameters, but during submaximal exercise a marked decrease (P<0.05) of 15±2% in respiratory exchange ratio was seen only in females indicating an enhanced fat oxidation. CONCLUSION Despite a marked weight loss and an improved aerobic capacity muscle ceramide and triacylglycerol remained unchanged after intensive life style intervention, and muscle lipids hence do not seem to play a major role for the improved glucose tolerance in these morbidly obese subjects. Interestingly, only the females improved fat oxidation during submaximal exercise after the intervention implying the presence of a sex-dependent response to intensive life style adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Center of Healthy Ageing, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
This review will focus on current data where substrate metabolism in arm and leg muscle is investigated and discuss the presence of higher carbohydrate oxidation and lactate release observed during arm compared with leg exercise. Furthermore, a basis for a possible difference in substrate partitioning between endogenous and exogenous substrate during arm and leg exercise will be debated. Moreover the review will probe if differences between arm and leg muscle are merely a result of different training status rather than a qualitative difference in limb substrate regulation. Along this line the review will address the available studies on low-intensity training performed separately with arm or legs or as whole-body training to evaluate if this leads to different adaptations in arm and leg muscle resulting in different substrate utilization patterns during separate arm or leg exercise at comparable workloads. Finally, the influence and capacity of low-intensity training to influence metabolic fitness in the face of a limited effect on aerobic fitness will be challenged.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Fuentes T, Ara I, Guadalupe-Grau A, Larsen S, Stallknecht B, Olmedillas H, Santana A, Helge JW, Calbet JAL, Guerra B. Leptin receptor 170 kDa (OB-R170) protein expression is reduced in obese human skeletal muscle: a potential mechanism of leptin resistance. Exp Physiol 2009; 95:160-71. [PMID: 19717488 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.049270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether obesity-associated leptin resistance could be due to down-regulation of leptin receptors (OB-Rs) and/or up-regulation of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) in skeletal muscle, which blunt janus kinase 2-dependent leptin signalling and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and reduce AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation. Deltoid and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from 20 men: 10 non-obese control subjects (mean +/- s.d. age, 31 +/- 5 years; height, 184 +/- 9 cm; weight, 91 +/- 13 kg; and percentage body fat, 24.8 +/- 5.8%) and 10 obese (age, 30 +/- 7 years; height, 184 +/- 8 cm; weight, 115 +/- 8 kg; and percentage body fat, 34.9 +/- 5.1%). Skeletal muscle OB-R170 (OB-R long isoform) protein expression was 28 and 25% lower (both P < 0.05) in arm and leg muscles, respectively, of obese men compared with control subjects. In normal-weight subjects, SOCS3 protein expression, and STAT3, AMPKalpha and ACCbeta phosphorylation, were similar in the deltoid and vastus lateralis muscles. In obese subjects, the deltoid muscle had a greater amount of leptin receptors than the vastus lateralis, whilst SOCS3 protein expression was increased and basal STAT3, AMPKalpha and ACCbeta phosphorylation levels were reduced in the vastus lateralis compared with the deltoid muscle (all P < 0.05). In summary, skeletal muscle leptin receptors and leptin signalling are reduced in obesity, particularly in the leg muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fuentes
- Department of Physical Education, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Campus Universitario de Tafira, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Island, Spain
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Larsen S, Ara I, Rabøl R, Andersen JL, Boushel R, Dela F, Helge JW. Are substrate use during exercise and mitochondrial respiratory capacity decreased in arm and leg muscle in type 2 diabetes? Diabetologia 2009; 52:1400-8. [PMID: 19396425 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1353-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS The aim of the study was to investigate mitochondrial function, fibre type distribution and substrate oxidation in arm and leg muscle during exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes and in obese and lean controls. METHODS Indirect calorimetry was used to calculate fat and carbohydrate oxidation during both progressive arm-cranking and leg-cycling exercises. Muscle biopsies from arm and leg were obtained. Fibre type, as well as O(2) flux capacity of saponin-permeabilised muscle fibres were measured, the latter by high resolution respirometry, in patients with type 2 diabetes, age- and BMI-matched obese controls, and age-matched lean controls. RESULTS Fat oxidation was similar in the groups during either arm or leg exercise. During leg exercise at higher intensities, but not during arm exercise, carbohydrate oxidation was lower in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the other groups. In patients with type 2 diabetes, ADP-stimulated state 3 respiration per mg muscle with parallel electron input from complex I+II was lower in m. vastus lateralis compared with obese and lean controls, whereas no differences between groups were present in m. deltoideus. A higher percentage of type IIX fibres was seen in m. vastus lateralis in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with obese and lean controls, whereas no difference was found in the deltoid muscle. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study demonstrates similar O(2) flux capacity, fibre type distribution and carbohydrate oxidation in arm muscle in the groups despite the presence of attenuated values in leg muscle in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with obese and lean controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Larsen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Healthy Ageing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Blegdamsvej 3, Denmark
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Skovbro M, Baranowski M, Skov-Jensen C, Flint A, Dela F, Gorski J, Helge JW. Human skeletal muscle ceramide content is not a major factor in muscle insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 2008; 51:1253-60. [PMID: 18458871 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-008-1014-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In skeletal muscle, ceramides may be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance through an attenuation of insulin signalling. This study investigated total skeletal muscle ceramide fatty acid content in participants exhibiting a wide range of insulin sensitivities. METHODS The middle-aged male participants (n=33) were matched for lean body mass and divided into four groups: type 2 diabetes (T2D, n=8), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n=9), healthy controls (CON, n=8) and endurance-trained (TR, n=8). A two step (28 and 80 mU m(-2) min(-1)) sequential euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp was performed for 120 and 90 min for step 1 and step 2, respectively. Muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis at baseline, and after steps 1 and 2. RESULTS Glucose infusion rates increased in response to insulin infusion, and significant differences were present between groups (T2D<IGT<CON<TR). At baseline, muscle ceramide content was 108+/-7, 95+/-6, 126+/-12 and 156+/-25 nmol total ceramide fatty acids/g wet weight of tissue in the T2D, IGT, CON and TR groups, respectively, and muscle ceramide content was higher (p<0.01) in the TR than the IGT group. Muscle ceramide content was not influenced by insulin infusion. Interestingly, a positive correlation (r=0.42, p<0.05) was present between muscle ceramide content at baseline and insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Total muscle ceramide content was similar between individuals showing marked differences in insulin sensitivity, and therefore does not seem to be a major factor in muscle insulin resistance. Furthermore, aerobic capacity does not appear to influence muscle ceramide content.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skovbro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Helge JW, Rehrer NJ, Pilegaard H, Manning P, Lucas SJE, Gerrard DF, Cotter JD. Increased fat oxidation and regulation of metabolic genes with ultraendurance exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007; 191:77-86. [PMID: 17488246 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01709.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM Regular endurance exercise stimulates muscle metabolic capacity, but effects of very prolonged endurance exercise are largely unknown. This study examined muscle substrate availability and utilization during prolonged endurance exercise, and associated metabolic genes. METHODS Data were obtained from 11 competitors of a 4- to 5-day, almost continuous ultraendurance race (seven males, four females; age: 36 +/- 11 years; cycling Vo(2peak): males 57.4 +/- 5.9, females 48.1 +/- 4.0 mL kg(-1) min(-1)). Before and after the race muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis, respiratory gases were sampled during cycling at 25 and 50% peak aerobic power output, venous samples were obtained, and fat mass was estimated by bioimpedance under standardized conditions. RESULTS After the race fat mass was decreased by 1.6 +/- 0.4 kg (11%; P < 0.01). Respiratory exchange ratio at the 25 and 50% workloads decreased (P < 0.01) from 0.83 +/- 0.06 and 0.93 +/- 0.03 before, to 0.71 +/- 0.01 and 0.85 +/- 0.02, respectively, after the race. Plasma fatty acids were 3.5 times higher (from 298 +/- 74 to 1407 +/- 118 micromol L(-1); P < 0.01). Muscle glycogen content fell 50% (from 554 +/- 28 to 270 +/- 25 nmol kg(-1) d.w.; n = 7, P < 0.01), whereas the decline in muscle triacylglycerol (from 32 +/- 5 to 22 +/- 3 mmol kg(-1) d.w.; P = 0.14) was not statistically significant. After the race, muscle mRNA content of lipoprotein lipase and glycogen synthase increased (P < 0.05) 3.9- and 1.7-fold, respectively, while forkhead homolog in rhabdomyosarcoma, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor mRNA tended (P < 0.10) to be higher, whereas muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma co-activator-1beta mRNA tended to be lower (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION Very prolonged exercise markedly increases plasma fatty acid availability and fat utilization during exercise. Exercise-induced regulation of genes encoding proteins involved in fatty acid recruitment and oxidation may contribute to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Helge JW, Bentley D, Schjerling P, Willer M, Gibala MJ, Franch J, Tapia-Laliena MA, Daugaard JR, Andersen JL. Four weeks one-leg training and high fat diet does not alter PPARalpha protein or mRNA expression in human skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol 2007; 101:105-14. [PMID: 17530276 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-007-0479-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fatty acid metabolism is influenced by training and diet with exercise training mediating this through activation of nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in skeletal muscle. This study investigated the effect of training and high fat or normal diet on PPARalpha expression in human skeletal muscle. Thirteen men trained one leg (T) four weeks (31.5 h in total), while the other leg (UT) served as control. During the 4 weeks six subjects consumed high fat (FAT) diet and seven subjects maintained a normal (CHO) diet. Biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis muscle in both legs before and after training. After the biopsy, one-leg extension exercise was performed in random order with both legs 30 min at 95% of workload max. A training effect was evident as citrate synthase activity increased (P < 0.05) by 15% in the trained, but not the control leg in both groups. During exercise respiratory exchange ratio was lower in FAT (0.86 +/- 0.01, 0.83 +/- 0.01, mean +/- SEM) than CHO (0.96 +/- 0.02, 0.94 +/- 0.03) and in UT than T legs, respectively. The PPARalpha protein (144 +/- 44, 104 +/- 28, 79 +/- 15, 79 +/- 14, % of pre level) and PPARalpha mRNA (69 +/- [2, 2], 78 +/- [7, 6], 92 +/- [22, 18], 106 +/- [21, 18], % of pre level, geometric mean +/- SEM) expression remained unchanged by diet and training in FAT (UT, T) and CHO (UT, T), respectively. After the training and diet CS, HAD, PPARalpha, UCP2, UCP3 and mFABP mRNA content remained unchanged, whereas GLUT4 mRNA was lower in both groups and LDHA mRNA was lower (P < 0.05) only in FAT. IN CONCLUSION 4 weeks one leg knee extensor training did not affect PPARalpha protein or mRNA expression. Furthermore, higher fat oxidation during exercise after fat rich diet was not accompanied by an increased PPARalpha protein or mRNA expression after 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department Medical Physiology, Panum Institute building 12, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 N, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Helge JW, Damsgaard R, Overgaard K, Andersen JL, Donsmark M, Dyrskog SE, Hermansen K, Saltin B, Daugaard JR. Low-intensity training dissociates metabolic from aerobic fitness. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2007; 18:86-94. [PMID: 17355324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2006.00604.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of prolonged whole-body low-intensity exercise on blood lipids, skeletal muscle adaptations and aerobic fitness. Seven male subjects completed a 32-day crossing of the Greenland icecap on cross-country skies and before and after this arm or leg cranking was performed on two separate days and biopsies were obtained from arm and leg muscle, and venous blood was sampled. During the crossing, subjects skied for 342+/-42 min/day and body mass was decreased by 7.1+/-0.7 kg. Peak leg oxygen uptake (4.6+/-0.2 L/min) was decreased (P<0.05) by 7% whereas peak arm oxygen uptake (3.0+/-0.2 L/min) remained unchanged. Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (5.0+/-0.2 and 3.20.2 mmol/L) were decreased by 8% and 20%, respectively. Muscle beta-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity was increased with 22% in arm (P=0.08) and remained unchanged in leg muscle. Hormone sensitive lipase activity was similar in arm and leg muscle prior to the expedition and was not significantly affected by the crossing. In conclusion, an improved blood lipid profile and thus metabolic fitness was present after prolonged low-intensity training and this occurred in spite of a decreased aerobic fitness and an unchanged arm and leg muscle hormone-sensitive lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Medical Physiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Nordby P, Saltin B, Helge JW. Whole-body fat oxidation determined by graded exercise and indirect calorimetry: a role for muscle oxidative capacity? Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006; 16:209-14. [PMID: 16643200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2005.00480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
During whole-body exercise, peak fat oxidation occurs at a moderate intensity. This study investigated whole-body peak fat oxidation in untrained and trained subjects, and the presence of a relation between skeletal muscle oxidative enzyme activity and whole-body peak fat oxidation. Healthy male subjects were recruited and categorized into an untrained (N=8, VO(2max) 3.5+/-0.1 L/min) and a trained (N=8, VO(2max) 4.6+/-0.2 L/min) group. Subjects performed a graded exercise test commencing at 60 W for 8 min followed by 35 W increments every 3 min. On a separate day, muscle biopsies were obtained from vastus lateralis and a 3 h bicycle exercise test was performed at 58% of VO(2max). Whole-body fat oxidation was calculated during prolonged and graded exercise from the respiratory exchange ratio using standard indirect calorimetry equations. Based on the graded exercise test, whole-body peak fat oxidation was determined. The body composition was determined by DEXA. Whole-body peak fat oxidation (250+/-25 and 462+/-33 mg/min) was higher (P<0.05) and occurred at a higher (P<0.05) relative workload (43.5+/-1.8% and 49.9+/-1.2% VO(2max)) in trained compared with untrained subjects, respectively. Muscle citrate synthase activity and beta-hydroxy-acyl-CoA-dehydrogenase activity were higher (49% and 35%, respectively, P<0.05) in trained compared with untrained subjects. Both lean body mass and maximal oxygen uptake were significantly correlated to whole-body peak fat oxidation (r(2)=0.57, P<0.001), but leg muscle oxidative capacity was not correlated to whole-body peak fat oxidation. In conclusion, whole-body peak fat oxidation occurred at a higher relative exercise load in trained compared with untrained subjects. Whole-body peak fat oxidation was not significantly related to leg muscle oxidative capacity, but was related to lean body mass and maximal oxygen uptake. This may suggest that leg muscle oxidative activity is not the main determinant of whole-body peak fat oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nordby
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Schiøtz Thorud HM, Lunde PK, Nicolaysen G, Nicolaysen A, Helge JW, Nilsson GE, Sejersted OM. Muscle dysfunction during exercise of a single skeletal muscle in rats with congestive heart failure is not associated with reduced muscle blood supply. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 181:173-81. [PMID: 15180789 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01285.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Inadequate muscle blood flow is a possible explanation for reduced fatigue resistance in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). METHODS In rats with post-infarction CHF we electrically stimulated the soleus muscle (SOL) in situ with intact blood supply. Contractile properties, blood flow, high-energy phosphates and metabolites were measured during 30 min of intermittent stimulation, and in addition capillarization of SOL was recorded. RESULTS During stimulation, SOL contracted more slowly in rats with CHF compared with sham-operated rats. However, the blood flow in SOL was unaltered and capillary density was maintained in CHF rats. Further, the content of ATP, ADP, AMP, NAD, CrP, P(i) and lactate in SOL was not different between the groups. CONCLUSION The cause of contractile dysfunction in a single exercising skeletal muscle in rats with CHF cannot be explained simply by reduced blood supply. In addition, absence of changes in high-energy phosphates and metabolites indicate that the oxidative metabolism of SOL is intact in rats with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-M Schiøtz Thorud
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Ullevaal University Hospital, and Centre for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Stallknecht B, Kiens B, Helge JW, Richter EA, Galbo H. Interstitial glycerol concentrations in human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during graded exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 180:367-77. [PMID: 15030378 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM It is not clear how lipolysis changes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during exercise of different intensities. We aimed at estimating this by microdialysis and muscle biopsy techniques. METHODS Nine healthy, young men were kicking with both legs at 25% of maximal power (Wmax) for 45 min and then simultaneously with one leg at 65% and the other leg at 85% Wmax for 35 min. RESULTS Glycerol concentrations in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue interstitial fluid and in arterial plasma increased (P<0.001) during low intensity exercise and increased (P<0.05) even more during moderate intensity exercise. The difference between interstitial muscle and arterial plasma water glycerol concentration, which indicates the direction of the glycerol flux, was positive (P<0.05) at rest (21 +/- 9 microM) and during exercise at 25% Wmax (18 +/- 6 microM). The difference decreased (P<0.05) with increasing exercise intensity and was not significantly different from zero during exercise at 65% (-11 +/- 17 microM) and 85% (-12 +/- 13 microM) Wmax. In adipose tissue, the difference between interstitial and arterial plasma water glycerol increased (P<0.001) with increasing intensity. The net triacylglycerol breakdown, measured chemically from the biopsy, did not differ significantly from zero at any exercise intensity although directional changes were similar to microdialysis changes. CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle releases glycerol at rest and at low exercise intensity but not at higher intensities. This can be interpreted as skeletal muscle lipolysis peaking at low exercise intensities but could also indicate that glycerol is taken up in skeletal muscle at a rate which is increasing with exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Stallknecht
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Medical Physiology, The Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Helge JW. Prolonged adaptation to fat-rich diet and training; effects on body fat stores and insulin resistance in man. Int J Obes (Lond) 2002; 26:1118-24. [PMID: 12119578 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2001] [Revised: 03/13/2001] [Accepted: 02/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of prolonged adaptation to training and fat- or carbohydrate-rich diet on body composition and insulin resistance. DESIGN Longitudinal study. Of three groups two consumed a fat-rich diet, of which one performed regular training (FAT-Train, n=17) and the other maintained normal habitual activity (Fat-Control, n=8). The third group trained and consumed a carbohydrate-rich diet (CHO-Train, n=16). SUBJECTS Forty-one untrained, healthy male subjects. MEASUREMENTS Before and after 7 weeks body composition was estimated from skinfold measurements. At rest the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) was determined by the Douglas bag technique. Glycogen was determined in m vastus lateralis and concentrations of insulin and triacylglycerol in serum and glucose, fatty acid and beta-hydroxy-butyrate in plasma was measured. The insulin resistance index was calculated from fasting plasma insulin and glucose values. RESULTS Across the 7 weeks body weight was reduced (1.3+/-0.3%) in all three groups, however body fat mass was decreased only in the CHO-Train (13%) and maintained in the two FAT-groups. RER at rest was similarly decreased (5%) in the three groups. Plasma insulin tended to decrease (16%) in CHO-Train (P=0.065) and remained unchanged in the two FAT-groups. In contrast plasma glucose (4.6+/-0.1 mmol/l) and plasma FA (453+/-27 micromol/l) remained unchanged across the 7 weeks. The calculated insulin resistance index HOMA-R(mod) was significantly decreased by 19% in CHO-train but remained unchanged in both of the FAT-groups, whereas the calculated insulin secretion index HOMA-beta(mod) was unchanged in all three groups. CONCLUSION In the present study we demonstrate that despite of a mild energy deficit body fat mass was maintained after prolonged adaptation to fat-rich diet both when normal physical activity was maintained and when training was performed. In contrast a significant decrease in fat mass was observed when carbohydrate-rich diet and training was combined. Furthermore we observed that the insulin resistance index was significantly decreased only when training was combined with a carbohydrate-rich diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Storlien LH, Tapsell LC, Fraser A, Leslie E, Ball K, Higgins JA, Helge JW, Owen N. Insulin resistance. Influence of diet and physical activity. World Rev Nutr Diet 2002; 90:26-43. [PMID: 11545043 DOI: 10.1159/000059806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L H Storlien
- Metabolic Research Centre and Smart Foods Centre, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of Wollongong, Australia.
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Helge JW, Watt PW, Richter EA, Rennie MJ, Kiens B. Fat utilization during exercise: adaptation to a fat-rich diet increases utilization of plasma fatty acids and very low density lipoprotein-triacylglycerol in humans. J Physiol 2001; 537:1009-20. [PMID: 11744773 PMCID: PMC2279002 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.01009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
1. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that the greater fat oxidation observed during exercise after adaptation to a high-fat diet is due to an increased uptake of fat originating from the bloodstream. 2. Of 13 male untrained subjects, seven consumed a fat-rich diet (62 % fat, 21 % carbohydrate) and six consumed a carbohydrate-rich diet (20 % fat, 65 % carbohydrate). After 7 weeks of training and diet, 60 min of bicycle exercise was performed at 68 +/- 1 % of maximum oxygen uptake. During exercise [1-(13)C]palmitate was infused, arterial and venous femoral blood samples were collected, and blood flow was determined by the thermodilution technique. Muscle biopsy samples were taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after exercise. 3. During exercise, the respiratory exchange ratio was significantly lower in subjects consuming the fat-rich diet (0.86 +/- 0.01, mean +/- S.E.M.) than in those consuming the carbohydrate-rich diet (0.93 +/- 0.02). The leg fatty acid (FA) uptake (183 +/- 37 vs. 105 +/- 28 micromol min(-1)) and very low density lipoprotein-triacylglycerol (VLDL-TG) uptake (132 +/- 26 vs. 16 +/- 21 micromol min(-1)) were both higher (each P < 0.05) in the subjects consuming the fat-rich diet. Whole-body plasma FA oxidation (determined by comparison of (13)CO(2) production and blood palmitate labelling) was 55-65 % of total lipid oxidation, and was higher after the fat-rich diet than after the carbohydrate-rich diet (13.5 +/- 1.2 vs. 8.9 +/- 1.1 micromol min(-1) kg(-1); P < 0.05). Muscle glycogen breakdown was significantly lower in the subjects taking the fat-rich diet than those taking the carbohydrate-rich diet (2.6 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.8 +/- 0.5 mmol (kg dry weight)(-1) min(-1), respectively; P < 0.05), whereas leg glucose uptake was similar (1.07 +/- 0.13 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.13 mmol min(-1)). 4. In conclusion, plasma VLDL-TG appears to be an important substrate source during aerobic exercise, and in combination with the higher plasma FA uptake it accounts for the increased fat oxidation observed during exercise after fat diet adaptation. The decreased carbohydrate oxidation was apparently due to muscle glycogen sparing and not to diminished plasma glucose uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Helge JW, Therkildsen KJ, Jørgensen TB, Wu BJ, Storlien LH, Asp S. Eccentric contractions affect muscle membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition in rats. Exp Physiol 2001; 86:599-604. [PMID: 11571487 DOI: 10.1113/eph8602196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated if prior eccentric contractions, and thus mechanical strain and muscle damage, exert an effect on the muscle membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition in rats, and whether a possible effect could be attenuated by dietary supplements. Twenty-three rats were randomised to three groups who received chow with added fish oil (n = 8), vitamin C (n = 8) or no supplement (n = 7). After 3 weeks of feeding, calf muscles on one side were stimulated electrically during anaesthesia causing eccentric contractions. Two days later the white gastrocnemius, a part of the stimulated calf muscle, was excised from both legs. In the muscles stimulated to contract eccentrically, compared to the control muscles, the proportion of arachidonic acid, C20:4,n-6 (17.7 +/- 0.6; 16.4 +/- 0.4% of total fatty acids, respectively) and docosapentanoeic acid, C22:5,n-3 (2.9 +/- 0.1 and 2.7 +/- 0.1% of total fatty acids, respectively) was uniformly higher across groups (P < 0.02) with no differences between diet groups. The proportion of long chain polyunsaturates was also significantly higher in the eccentrically contracted (39.9 +/- 0.6% of total fatty acids) compared to the control leg (38.2 +/- 0.6% of total fatty acids; P < 0.01). In contrast no differences were observed in the fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerols stored within the muscle. Thus one severe bout of eccentric contractions modulates the fatty acid composition of the muscle membrane phospholipids when compared to a control leg, and supplemental intake of fish oil or vitamin C did not attenuate this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Department of Human Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
Training improves insulin sensitivity, which in turn may affect performance by modulation of fuel availability. Insulin action, in turn, has been linked to specific patterns of muscle structural lipids in skeletal muscle. This study investigated whether regular exercise training exerts an effect on the muscle membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition in humans. Seven male subjects performed endurance training of the knee extensors of one leg for 4 wk. The other leg served as a control. Before, after 4 days, and after 4 wk, muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis. After 4 wk, the phospholipid fatty acid contents of oleic acid 18:1(n-9) and docosahexaenoic acid 22:6(n-3) were significantly higher in the trained (10.9 +/- 0.5% and 3.2 +/- 0.4% of total fatty acids, respectively) than the untrained leg (8.8 +/- 0.5% and 2.6 +/- 0.4%, P < 0.05). The ratio between n-6 and n-3 fatty acids was significantly lower in the trained (11.1 +/- 0.9) than the untrained leg (13.1 +/- 1.2, P < 0.05). In contrast, training did not affect muscle triacylglycerol fatty acid composition. Citrate synthase activity was increased by 17% in the trained compared with the untrained leg (P < 0.05). In this model, diet plays a minimal role, as the influence of dietary intake is similar on both legs. Regular exercise training per se influences the phospholipid fatty acid composition of muscle membranes but has no effect on the composition of fatty acids stored in triacylglycerols within the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Helge
- Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, August Krogh Institute, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 DK-Copenhagen, Denmark.
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