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Li P, Wang Y, Cao Y, Shi J, Jiang M, Han X, Jiang L, Bao Y, Wu W, Liu X. Exercise Attenuate Diaphragm Atrophy in COPD Mice via Inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK Signaling. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2024; 19:1591-1601. [PMID: 39005647 PMCID: PMC11244622 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s460182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exercise is an indispensable component of pulmonary rehabilitation with strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms by which exercise prevents diaphragmatic atrophy in COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) remain unclear. Methods Forty male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to the control (n=16) and smoke (n=24) groups. Mice in the smoke group were exposed to the cigarette smoke (CS) for six months. They were then divided into model and exercise training groups for 2 months. Histological changes were observed in lung and diaphragms. Subsequently, agonist U46639 and antagonist Y27632 of RhoA/ROCK were subjected to mechanical stretching in LPS-treated C2C12 myoblasts. The expression levels of Atrogin-1, MuRF-1, MyoD, Myf5, IL-1β, TNF-α, and RhoA/ROCK were determined by Western blotting. Results Diaphragmatic atrophy and increased RhoA/ROCK expression were observed in COPD mice. Exercise training attenuated diaphragmatic atrophy, decreased the expression of MuRF-1, and increased MyoD expression in COPD diaphragms. Exercise also affects the upregulation of RhoA/ROCK and inflammation-related proteins. In in vitro experiments with C2C12 myoblasts, LPS remarkably increased the level of inflammation and protein degradation, whereas Y27632 or combined with mechanical stretching prevented this phenomenon considerably. Conclusion RhoA/ROCK plays an important role in the prevention of diaphragmatic atrophy in COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Shi
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Han
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Linhong Jiang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidie Bao
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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Ghojazadeh M, Pourmanaf H, Fekri V, Nikoukheslat S, Nasoudi Y, Mills DE. The effects of aerobic exercise training on inflammatory markers in adult tobacco smokers: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Respir Med 2024; 231:107732. [PMID: 38971338 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2024.107732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aerobic exercise training may reduce systemic inflammation, but the effects of this on systemic inflammatory markers in adult tobacco smokers has not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of aerobic exercise training on C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in adult tobacco smokers using a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and hand search of bibliographies of the retrieved English or Persian articles up to August 2023. This review only included randomized controlled trials which investigated the effect of aerobic exercise training on CRP and TNF-α in adult smokers, based on a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS A total of 1641 articles were identified. Six studies were included in the review and four evaluated CRP and two evaluated TNF-α in only males. The meta-analysis demonstrated that aerobic exercise training significantly decreased TNF-α concentrations in males (MD = -6.68, 95 % CI = -13.90 to -0.54, P = 0.05). CRP concentrations did not decrease significantly when the data from the four studies were pooled (MD = -0.17, 95 % CI = -0.37 to 0.03, P = 0.09). CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise training may reduce the concentration of TNF-α in male smokers, but it does not have a significant effect on CRP concentrations. However, these findings are based upon a small number of studies, that enrolled either exclusively male or female participants, and further investigation is necessary to increase statistical inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Road Traffic Injury Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Pourmanaf
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Fekri
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeid Nikoukheslat
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasmin Nasoudi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dean E Mills
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia; Respiratory and Exercise Physiology Research Group, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia; Centre for Health Research, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, Queensland, Australia.
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Passerieux E, Desplanche E, Alburquerque L, Wynands Q, Bellanger A, Virsolvy A, Gouzi F, Cazorla O, Bourdin A, Hayot M, Pomiès P. Altered skeletal muscle function and beneficial effects of exercise training in a rat model of induced pulmonary emphysema. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14165. [PMID: 38747536 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by progressive airflow obstruction and development of emphysema. Among the comorbidities associated with COPD, skeletal muscle dysfunction is known to affect exercise capacity and the survival rate of patients. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), via exercise training, is essential for COPD patients. However, the response to PR is most often moderate. An animal model that recapitulates critical features of chronic human disease and provides access to muscle function should therefore be useful to improve PR benefits. METHODS We used a rat model of induced emphysema based on pulmonary instillations of elastase (ELA) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS). We assessed the long-term effects of ELA/LPS and the potential effectiveness of endurance training on the skeletal muscle function. In vivo strength of the animals, and ex vivo contractility, endurance, type 1 fiber proportion, fiber cross-sectional area, and capillarization of both soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were assessed. RESULTS An impaired overall muscle strength with decreased force, reduced capillarization, and atrophy of type 1 fiber of EDL was observed in ELA/LPS rats. Soleus was not affected. Endurance training was able to reduce fatigability, and increase type 1 fiber proportion and capillarization of soleus, and improve force, endurance, and capillarization of EDL in control and ELA/LPS rats. CONCLUSION Our rat model of induced emphysema, which shares some features with the phenotype present in patients with COPD, could represent a suitable model to study skeletal muscle dysfunction and the effects of exercise training on muscle function in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Passerieux
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Elodie Desplanche
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Quentin Wynands
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Axel Bellanger
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Virsolvy
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Farés Gouzi
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Cazorla
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Arnaud Bourdin
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Maurice Hayot
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, CHRU Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Pomiès
- PhyMedExp, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Li J, Chen CT, Li P, Zhang X, Liu X, Wu W, Gu W. Lung transcriptomics reveals the underlying mechanism by which aerobic training enhances pulmonary function in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:154. [PMID: 38532405 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aerobic training is the primary method of rehabilitation for improving respiratory function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in remission. However, the mechanism underlying this improvement is not yet fully understood. The use of transcriptomics in rehabilitation medicine offers a promising strategy for uncovering the ways in which exercise training improves respiratory dysfunction in COPD patients. In this study, lung tissue was analyzed using transcriptomics to investigate the relationship between exercise and lung changes. METHODS Mice were exposed to cigarette smoke for 24 weeks, followed by nine weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill exercise, with a control group for comparison. Pulmonary function and structure were assessed at the end of the intervention and RNA sequencing was performed on the lung tissue. RESULTS Exercise training was found to improve airway resistance and lung ventilation indices in individuals exposed to cigarette smoke. However, the effect of this treatment on damaged alveoli was weak. The pair-to-pair comparison revealed numerous differentially expressed genes, that were closely linked to inflammation and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Further research is necessary to confirm the cause-and-effect relationship between the identified biomarkers and the improvement in pulmonary function, as this was not examined in the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), 200433, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, 200438, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Cai-Tao Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 200434, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Peijun Li
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Laboratory Department of the 908th Hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force, 330001, Nanchang, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Weibing Wu
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, No. 399 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, 200438, Shanghai, PR China.
| | - Wei Gu
- Faculty of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), No. 800 Xiangyin Road, Yangpu District, 200433, Shanghai, PR China.
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Betancourt-Peña J, Vidal V, Zapata-Jiménez D, Ávila-Valencia JC, Benavides-Córdoba V. [Pulmonary rehabilitation effects in patients with COPD according to GOLD 2020 classification in Cali, Colombia]. Rehabilitacion (Madr) 2024; 58:100815. [PMID: 37862778 DOI: 10.1016/j.rh.2023.100815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has a guide in charge of prevention and treatment, called the Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease, which is annually updated and catalogs pulmonary rehabilitation, within the treatment options. OBJECTIVE To describe the effects on clinical variables, functional capacity, anxiety/depression and health-related quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, after a pulmonary rehabilitation program, according to the GOLD 2020 classification in a Cali clinic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Descriptive, longitudinal study where 79 patients divided into 3 groups were included (B, C and D). RESULTS The mean age was 70 years, 69% men. The number of hospitalized days was greater for groups C and D with an average of 8 and 13 days, respectively (p≤0.000). The functional capacity showed a greater distance in group C (421m) and the shortest distance for group D (328m), p≤0.006. In anxiety and depression, group D managed to obtain improvements as well as in the quality of life questionnaire. CONCLUSION Group C presented greater functional capacity and better quality of life, group B had better results in clinical variables, and group D had worse clinical condition, functional capacity and quality of life. At the end of pulmonary rehabilitation, group D presented greater changes in functional capacity and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Betancourt-Peña
- Facultad de Salud y Rehabilitación Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Facultad de Salud, Escuela de Rehabilitación Humana, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia.
| | - V Vidal
- Clínica Palma Real, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - J C Ávila-Valencia
- Facultad de Salud y Rehabilitación Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte, Clínica de Occidente S. A., Cali, Colombia
| | - V Benavides-Córdoba
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, Cali, Colombia
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Nishikori S, Yasuda J, Murata K, Takegaki J, Harada Y, Shirai Y, Fujita S. Resistance training rejuvenates aging skin by reducing circulating inflammatory factors and enhancing dermal extracellular matrices. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10214. [PMID: 37353523 PMCID: PMC10290068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37207-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic training (AT) is suggested to be an effective anti-aging strategy for skin aging. However, the respective effects of resistance training (RT) have not been studied. Therefore, we compared the effects of AT and RT on skin aging in a 16-week intervention in 61 healthy sedentary middle-aged Japanese women. Data from 56 women were available for analysis. Both interventions significantly improved skin elasticity and upper dermal structure, and RT also improved dermal thickness. After the training intervention, expression of dermal extracellular matrix-related genes was increased in normal human primary dermal fibroblasts. AT and RT had different effects on circulating levels of factors, such as cytokines, hormones in serum, and metabolites, and RT increased dermal biglycan (BGN). To our knowledge, this is the first report to show different effects of AT and RT on skin aging and identify the key factors involved in RT-induced skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Nishikori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Kao Murata
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Junya Takegaki
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Yasuko Harada
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Shirai
- Frontier Research Center, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., 560 Kashio-cho, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Japan.
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Fiber-Type Shifting in Sarcopenia of Old Age: Proteomic Profiling of the Contractile Apparatus of Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032415. [PMID: 36768735 PMCID: PMC9916839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and concomitant reduction in contractile strength plays a central role in frailty syndrome. Age-related neuronal impairments are closely associated with sarcopenia in the elderly, which is characterized by severe muscular atrophy that can considerably lessen the overall quality of life at old age. Mass-spectrometry-based proteomic surveys of senescent human skeletal muscles, as well as animal models of sarcopenia, have decisively improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular consequences of muscular atrophy and associated fiber-type shifting during aging. This review outlines the mass spectrometric identification of proteome-wide changes in atrophying skeletal muscles, with a focus on contractile proteins as potential markers of changes in fiber-type distribution patterns. The observed trend of fast-to-slow transitions in individual human skeletal muscles during the aging process is most likely linked to a preferential susceptibility of fast-twitching muscle fibers to muscular atrophy. Studies with senescent animal models, including mostly aged rodent skeletal muscles, have confirmed fiber-type shifting. The proteomic analysis of fast versus slow isoforms of key contractile proteins, such as myosin heavy chains, myosin light chains, actins, troponins and tropomyosins, suggests them as suitable bioanalytical tools of fiber-type transitions during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23 F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +353-1-7083842
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Prokopidis K, Witard OC. Understanding the role of smoking and chronic excess alcohol consumption on reduced caloric intake and the development of sarcopenia. Nutr Res Rev 2022; 35:197-206. [PMID: 34027849 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422421000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review provides mechanistic insight into the biological link between smoking and/or chronic excess alcohol consumption, and increased risk of developing sarcopenia. Although the combination of excessive alcohol consumption and smoking is often associated with ectopic adipose deposition, this review is focused on the context of a reduced caloric intake (leading to energy deficit) that also may ensue due to either lifestyle habit. Smoking is a primary cause of periodontitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that both induce swallowing difficulties, inhibit taste and mastication, and are associated with increased risk of muscle atrophy and mitochondrial dysfunction. Smoking may contribute to physical inactivity, energy deficit via reduced caloric intake, and increased systemic inflammation, all of which are factors known to suppress muscle protein synthesis rates. Moreover, chronic excess alcohol consumption may result in gut microbiota dysbiosis and autophagy-induced hyperammonemia, initiating the up-regulation of muscle protein breakdown and down-regulation of muscle protein synthesis via activation of myostatin, AMPK and REDD1, and deactivation of IGF-1. Future research is warranted to explore the link between oral healthcare management and personalised nutrition counselling in light of potential detrimental consequences of chronic smoking on musculoskeletal health outcomes in older adults. Experimental studies should investigate the impact of smoking and chronic excess alcohol consumption on the gut-brain axis, and explore biomarkers of smoking-induced oral disease progression. The implementation of behavioural change interventions and health policies regarding smoking and alcohol intake habits may mitigate the clinical and financial burden of sarcopenia on the healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Prokopidis
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, White City, London, UK
| | - Oliver C Witard
- Centre for Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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Correia TML, Almeida AA, da Silva DA, Coqueiro RDS, Pires RA, de Magalhães ACM, Queiroz RF, Brito LL, Marques LM, Machado M, Pereira R. Interaction between cigarette smoke exposure and physical training on inflammatory and oxidative profile in mice muscle. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 358:109913. [PMID: 35339431 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical training and cigarette smoke exposure (CSE) have opposite effects on physical performance, antioxidant, and inflammatory profile. However, the interaction between these events is not well studied. We aimed to investigate how regular physical training and CSE interact, and in what is the outcome of this interaction on the physical performance, skeletal muscle antioxidant defense and molecular profile response of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8/group): 1) Sedentary group (SED); 2) 4 weeks of control, followed by 4 weeks of CSE (SED + CSEG); 3) Physically active (PA) along 8 weeks (forced swim training, 5 times a week); 4) Physically active and exposed to the cigarette smoke (PA + CSEG), group submitted to forced swim training for 4 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of concomitant training and CSE. Physical performance was evaluated before and after the experimental period (8 weeks), total peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, expression of genes encoding TNF-α, MCP-1, IL1β, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, HO-1 and the TNF-α/IL-10 ratio were determined from gastrocnemius muscle at the end of experimental period. The CSE attenuated the aerobic capacity adaptation (time to exhaustion in swimming forced test) promoted by physical training and inhibit the improvement in local muscle resistance (inverted screen test). The regular physical training enhanced the antioxidant defense, but the CSE abrogated this benefit. The CSE induced a harmful pro-inflammatory profile in skeletal muscle from sedentary animals whereas the regular physical training induced an opposite adaptation. Likewise, the CSE abolished the protective effect of physical training. Together, these results suggest a negative effect of CSE including, at least in part, the inhibition/attenuation of beneficial adaptations from regular physical training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (Brazilian Society of Physiology), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amanda Alves Almeida
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (Brazilian Society of Physiology), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Danielba Almeida da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Raildo da Silva Coqueiro
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Ramon Alves Pires
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Brazilian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Amelia Cristina Mendes de Magalhães
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (Brazilian Society of Physiology), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Raphael Ferreira Queiroz
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Brazilian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Vitória da Conquista, Brazil
| | - Lorena Lôbo Brito
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (Brazilian Society of Physiology), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (Brazilian Society of Physiology), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marco Machado
- Universitary Foundation of Itaperuna (FUNITA), Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil; Laboratory of Physiology and Biokinetic, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Health, Iguaçu University, Campus V, Itaperuna, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafael Pereira
- Integrative Physiology Research Center, Department of Biological Sciences, State Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil; Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Physiological Sciences (Brazilian Society of Physiology), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil; Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (Brazilian Society of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology), Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Nursing and Health, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Jequie, 45210-506, Bahia, Brazil.
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Marrero-Cristobal G, Gelpi-Dominguez U, Morales-Silva R, Alvarado-Torres J, Perez-Torres J, Perez-Perez Y, Sepulveda-Orengo M. Aerobic exercise as a promising nonpharmacological therapy for the treatment of substance use disorders. J Neurosci Res 2021; 100:1602-1642. [PMID: 34850988 PMCID: PMC9156662 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence and public health impact of substance use disorders (SUDs), effective long-term treatments remain elusive. Aerobic exercise is a promising, nonpharmacological treatment currently under investigation as a strategy for preventing drug relapse. Aerobic exercise could be incorporated into the comprehensive treatment regimens for people with substance abuse disorders. Preclinical studies of SUD with animal models have shown that aerobic exercise diminishes drug-seeking behavior, which leads to relapse, in both male and female rats. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the effects of substance abuse-induced cellular and physiological adaptations believed to be responsible for drug-seeking behavior. Accordingly, the overall goal of this review is to provide a summary and an assessment of findings to date, highlighting evidence of the molecular and neurological effects of exercise on adaptations associated with SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Gelpi-Dominguez
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Roberto Morales-Silva
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - John Alvarado-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Joshua Perez-Torres
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Yobet Perez-Perez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
| | - Marian Sepulveda-Orengo
- Department of Basic Sciences, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, USA
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Nikniaz L, Ghojazadeh M, Nateghian H, Nikniaz Z, Farhangi MA, Pourmanaf H. The interaction effect of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on inflammatory factors, anti-inflammatory proteins, and lung function in male smokers: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2021; 13:102. [PMID: 34461991 PMCID: PMC8406718 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-021-00333-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the interaction effect of aerobic exercise and vitamin D supplementation on inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, CC16, SP-D, and CC16/SP-D ratio) and lung function (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio) in male smokers.
Methods After applying inclusion criteria, a total of 40 healthy male smokers were recruited in this study. The participants were randomly divided into four groups as follows: Aerobic Exercise + vitamin D Supplementation (AE + VitD, n = 10), Aerobic Exercise (AE, n = 10), vitamin D Supplementation (VitD, n = 10), and Control (C, n = 10). The participants in the AE + VitD and AE groups performed aerobic exercise training (running) up to 50% of the maximum heart rate, three times a week for four weeks. Participants in AE + VitD and VitD groups received 6000 IU/w vitamin D3 for four weeks. The participants in control group did not receive any intervention. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, Clara cell protein (CC16), surfactant protein (SP)-D, CC16/SP-D ratio, and lung function (FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC ratio) were measured before and after four weeks of intervention. Results Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and CC16 decreased significantly in AE + VitD, VitD, and AE groups after four weeks (P < 0.05). Serum SP-D level decreased significantly only in the AE + VitD group (P = 0.011). In addition, FEV1 and FVC increased significantly (P < 0.05) in AE + VitD and AE groups after four weeks of intervention. However, the interventions did not have a significant effect on CC16/SP-D ratio and FEV1/FVC ratio (P > 0.05). Furthermore, serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increased significantly in AE + VitD and VitD groups (P < 0.05) after four weeks of intervention. However, except for TNF-α, between-group comparisons showed no significant differences in levels of IL-6, CC16, SP-D, CC16/SP-D ratio, FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (P > 0.05). Conclusions The results of present study were that aerobic exercise combined with vitamin D supplementation can reduce serum inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory proteins and improve lung function after four weeks of intervention. Further trials with larger sample size and longer duration are suggested to confirm these results. Trial registration Retrospectively registered. IRCT20180513039637N4. Registration date: 2020/10/20. URL: https://www.irct.ir/search/result?query=IRCT20180513039637N4
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Nikniaz
- Tabriz Health Services Management Research Center, Health Management and Safety Promotion Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghojazadeh
- Research Center for Evidence-Based Medicine, Iranian EBM Centre: A Joanna Briggs Institute Affiliated Group, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hooman Nateghian
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zeinab Nikniaz
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Pourmanaf
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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12
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Decker ST, Kwon OS, Zhao J, Hoidal JR, Heuckstadt T, Richardson RS, Sanders KA, Layec G. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial adaptations induced by long-term cigarette smoke exposure. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021; 321:E80-E89. [PMID: 34121449 PMCID: PMC8321829 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00544.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Because patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are often physically inactive, it is still unclear whether the lower respiratory capacity in the locomotor muscles of these patients is due to cigarette smoking per se or is secondary to physical deconditioning. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to examine mitochondrial alterations in the quadriceps muscle of 10 mice exposed to 8 mo of cigarette smoke, a sedentary mouse model of emphysema, and 9 control mice, using immunoblotting, spectrophotometry, and high-resolution respirometry in permeabilized muscle fibers. Mice exposed to smoke displayed a twofold increase in the oxidative stress marker, 4-HNE, (P < 0.05) compared with control mice. This was accompanied by significant decrease in protein expression of UCP3 (65%), ANT (58%), and mitochondrial complexes II-V (∼60%-75%). In contrast, maximal ADP-stimulated respiration with complex I and II substrates (CON: 23.6 ± 6.6 and SMO: 19.2 ± 8.2 ρM·mg-1·s-1) or octanoylcarnitine (CON: 21.8 ± 9.0 and SMO: 16.5 ± 6.6 ρM·mg-1·s-1) measured in permeabilized muscle fibers, as well as citrate synthase activity, were not significantly different between groups. Collectively, our findings revealed that sedentary mice exposed to cigarette smoke for 8 mo, which is typically associated with pulmonary inflammation and emphysema, exhibited a preserved mitochondrial respiratory capacity for various substrates, including fatty acid, in the skeletal muscle. However, the mitochondrial adaptations induced by cigarette smoke favored the development of chronic oxidative stress, which can indirectly contribute to augment the susceptibility to muscle fatigue and exercise intolerance.NEW & NOTEWORTHY It is unclear whether the exercise intolerance and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction observed in patients with COPD is due to cigarette smoke exposure, per se, or if they are secondary consequences to inactivity. Herein, while long-term exposure to cigarette smoke induces oxidative stress and an altered skeletal muscle phenotype, cigarette smoke does not directly contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. With this evidence, we demonstrate the critical role of physical inactivity in cigarette smoke-related skeletal muscle dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Decker
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Oh-Sung Kwon
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
- UConn Center on Aging and Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut, School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Jia Zhao
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John R Hoidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Thomas Heuckstadt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Karl A Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Gwenael Layec
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Institute of Applied Life Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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13
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Wei W, Wu X, Bai Y, Li G, Meng H, Feng Y, Li H, Li M, Guan X, Fu M, Wang C, Jie J, Zhang X, He M, Guo H. Arsenic exposure and its joint effects with cigarette smoking and physical exercise on lung function impairment: Evidence from an occupational cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110419. [PMID: 33137312 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arsenic (As) is an established toxic metal, but its effect on longitudinal lung function change among occupational workers is less conclusive. METHODS 1243 participants were recruited in a coke-oven plant and followed up from 2010 to 2014. Each individual provided 20 mL morning urine sample at baseline, which was then used for urinary levels of As (U-As) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites detecting. Lung function levels at both baseline and the end of follow-up were determined. Multiple linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between U-As with annual lung function changes, and to evaluate the joint effects of U-As with cigarette smoking and regular physical exercise. RESULTS Among all participants, each 2-fold increase in U-As was associated with -12.09 (95%CI: -19.37, -4.81) mL, -0.32% (95%CI: -0.54%, -0.10%), -15.04 (95%CI: -24.62, -5.46) mL, and -0.36% (95%CI: -0.64%, -0.08%) annual changes in reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), percent predicted FEV1 (ppFEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and percent predicted FVC (ppFVC), respectively. These effects were more pronounced among coke-oven workers with smoking (especially heavy smoking with pack-years≥15) and without regular physical exercise. Compared to low-As-exposed (≤4.70 μg/mmol creatinine) non-smokers with regular physical exercise, the high-As-exposed (>4.70 μg/mmol creatinine) smokers without regular physical exercise had the worst annual declines in FEV1 [β (95%CI) = -69.01 (-106.67, -31.34) mL], ppFEV1 [β (95%CI) = -1.94% (-3.02%, -0.87%)], FVC [β (95%CI) = -78.66 (95%CI: -129.46, -27.86) mL], and ppFVC [β (95%CI) = -1.80% (-3.23%, -0.37%)]. CONCLUSIONS The findings in our prospective cohort study suggested the positively linear dose-response relationship of U-As with annual lung function decline. The adverse effects of As could be enhanced by cigarette smoking and attenuated by regular physical exercise. Specific emphasizes on tobacco control and physical exercise were suggested to prevent As exposure induced pulmonary impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiulong Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yansen Bai
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Guyanan Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Mengying Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ming Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chenming Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jiali Jie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Rd, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Dorneles GP, Lira FS, Romão PRT, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Peres A, Antunes BM. Levels of cardiorespiratory fitness in men exerts strong impact on lymphocyte function after mitogen stimulation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1133-1142. [PMID: 33630676 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01051.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationship between lymphocyte function and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is well-documented at rest; however, upon mitogen stimulation the proliferation and cytokine production alters, but knowledge is incipient about lymphocyte responses after mitogen stimulus according to CRF. So, the purpose of the present study was to analyze the lymphocyte function according to the physical fitness status of healthy young men. The study is divided in two experiments being the first analyzing the lymphocyte phenotypes profile and the inflammatory responses, according to CRF, in lymphocyte cell cultures treated for 48 h with concanavalin A (ConA). The second experiment analyzed the proliferation, reactive oxygen species production, viability, and mitochondrial polarization state in lymphocytes treated with ConA in different concentrations, considering the CRF levels. The results showed a difference in the percentage of total lymphocytes expression between groups (P = 0.011) observing a lower lymphocytes T expression in the group with high maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) when compared with the moderate V̇o2max group. When treated with ConA, the lymphocytes of the low V̇o2max group released higher TNF-α concentration (P = 0.032), reflecting an elevated TNF-α/IL-10 ratio (P = 0.055), parallel with lower IL-6 production (P = 0.027), mainly when compared with the moderate V̇o2max group. In addition, there is a positive relationship between V̇o2max and IL-6 production (r = 0.507; P = 0.016), whereas the percentage of total lymphocytes (LyT%) shows a negative trend with V̇o2max (r = -0.497; P = 0.060). Also, individuals with lower V̇o2max showed reduced absolute and relative ROS production, lower cell proliferation, and higher mitochondrial membrane depolarization. In conclusion, cardiorespiratory fitness degree exerts a strong impact on lymphocyte function after mitogen stimulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The innovation of the research is to elucidate the impact of different physical fitness status on metabolism, cell proliferation, and lymphocyte activity and, consequently, on the specific inflammatory response against a mitogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilson P Dorneles
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro R T Romão
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Peres
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Lab., Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Barbara Moura Antunes
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, 19060-900, Brazil
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Skeletal muscle disease in rheumatoid arthritis: the center of cardiometabolic comorbidities? Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 32:297-306. [PMID: 32141950 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite its critical roles in body movement, structure, and metabolism, skeletal muscle remains underappreciated in the context of rheumatoid arthritis. In rheumatoid arthritis, chronic inflammation, physical inactivity, and medication toxicities impair skeletal muscle. These skeletal muscle alterations contribute to continued rheumatoid arthritis disparities in physical function and cardiometabolic health. RECENT FINDINGS In the prebiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug era, rheumatoid arthritis skeletal muscle atrophy was the central feature of 'rheumatoid cachexia,' a hypermetabolic state driven by chronic systemic inflammation and muscle protein degradation. In the current era, rheumatoid arthritis muscle deficits are less visible, yet persist as a key component of 'sarcopenic obesity.' In rheumatoid arthritis sarcopenic obesity, chronic inflammation, physical inactivity, and medication toxicities contribute to muscle contractile deficits, inflammation, altered metabolism, and intramuscular adiposity, a key predictor of rheumatoid arthritis disability and insulin resistance. SUMMARY Rheumatoid arthritis skeletal muscle disease in the current era is defined by impaired contractile function (poor strength and endurance) and sarcopenic obesity (decreased muscle mass, increased fat mass, and intramuscular adiposity). These muscle impairments contribute to disability and cardiometabolic disease in rheumatoid arthritis. Management should focus on monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis muscle function and body composition, limiting potentially myotoxic drugs, and prescription of exercise training.
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16
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Rodríguez-Núñez I, Pontes RB, Romero F, Campos RR. Effects of physical exercise on baroreflex sensitivity and renal sympathetic nerve activity in chronic nicotine-treated rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 99:786-794. [PMID: 33290163 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic nicotine exposure may increase cardiovascular risk by impairing the cardiac autonomic function. Besides, physical exercise (PE) has shown to improve cardiovascular health. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of PE on baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), heart rate variability (HRV), and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in chronically nicotine-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were assigned to four independent groups: Control (treated with saline solution), Control+Ex (treated with saline and submitted to treadmill training), Nicotine (treated with Nicotine), and Nicotine+Ex (treated with nicotine and submitted to treadmill training). Nicotine (1 mg·kg-1) was administered daily for 28 consecutive days. PE consisted of running exercise (60%-70% of maximal aerobic capacity) for 45 min, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. At the end of the protocol, cardiac BRS, HRV, renal SNA (rSNA), and renal BRS were assessed. Nicotine treatment decreased absolute values of HRV indexes, increased low frequency/high frequency ratio of HRV, reduced the bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory baroreceptor reflex responses, and reduced the rSNA. PE effectively restored time-domain HRV indexes, the bradycardic and sympatho-inhibitory reflex responses, and the rSNA in chronic nicotine-treated rats. PE was effective in preventing the deterioration of time-domain parameters of HRV, arterial baroreceptor dysfunction, and the rSNA after nicotine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Rodríguez-Núñez
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Chile
| | - Roberto B Pontes
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Romero
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco. Chile
| | - Ruy R Campos
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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Thirupathi A, Scarparo S, Silva PL, Marqueze LF, Vasconcelos FTF, Nagashima S, Cunha EBB, de Noronha L, Silveira PCL, Nesi RT, Gu Y, Pinho RA. Physical Exercise-Mediated Changes in Redox Profile Contribute to Muscle Remodeling After Passive Hand-Rolled Cornhusk Cigarette Smoke Exposure. Front Physiol 2020; 11:590962. [PMID: 33281621 PMCID: PMC7705113 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.590962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Consumption of non-traditional cigarettes has increased considerably worldwide, and they can induce skeletal muscle dysfunction. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be important for prevention and treatment of smoking-related diseases. Therfore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of combined physical exercise (aerobic plus resistance exercise) on muscle histoarchitecture and oxidative stress in the animals exposed chronically to smoke from hand-rolled cornhusk cigarette (HRCC). Male Swiss mice were exposed to ambient air or passively to the smoke of 12 cigarettes over three daily sessions (four cigarettes per session) for 30 consecutive days with or without combined physical training. 48 h after the last training session, total leukocyte count was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the quadriceps were removed for histological/immunohistochemical analysis and measurement of oxidative stress parameters. The effects of HRCC on the number of leukocytes in BALF, muscle fiber diameter, central nuclei, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) were reverted after combined physical training. In addition, increased myogenic factor 5, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), reduced transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and nitrate levels were observed after physical training. However, the reduction in superoxide dismutase and glutathione/glutathione oxidized ratio induced by HRCC was not affected by the training program. These results suggest the important changes in the skeletal muscle brought about by HRCC-induced alteration in the muscle redox profile. In addition, combined physical exercise contributes to remodeling without disrupting muscle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Scarparo
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Paulo L Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Luis F Marqueze
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Franciane T F Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Seigo Nagashima
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B B Cunha
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Lúcia de Noronha
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paulo C L Silveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Brazil
| | - Renata T Nesi
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Yaodong Gu
- Faculty of Sports Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Ricardo A Pinho
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry in Health, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Bachmann MC, Bellalta S, Basoalto R, Gómez-Valenzuela F, Jalil Y, Lépez M, Matamoros A, von Bernhardi R. The Challenge by Multiple Environmental and Biological Factors Induce Inflammation in Aging: Their Role in the Promotion of Chronic Disease. Front Immunol 2020; 11:570083. [PMID: 33162985 PMCID: PMC7591463 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.570083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process is driven by multiple mechanisms that lead to changes in energy production, oxidative stress, homeostatic dysregulation and eventually to loss of functionality and increased disease susceptibility. Most aged individuals develop chronic low-grade inflammation, which is an important risk factor for morbidity, physical and cognitive impairment, frailty, and death. At any age, chronic inflammatory diseases are major causes of morbimortality, affecting up to 5-8% of the population of industrialized countries. Several environmental factors can play an important role for modifying the inflammatory state. Genetics accounts for only a small fraction of chronic-inflammatory diseases, whereas environmental factors appear to participate, either with a causative or a promotional role in 50% to 75% of patients. Several of those changes depend on epigenetic changes that will further modify the individual response to additional stimuli. The interaction between inflammation and the environment offers important insights on aging and health. These conditions, often depending on the individual's sex, appear to lead to decreased longevity and physical and cognitive decline. In addition to biological factors, the environment is also involved in the generation of psychological and social context leading to stress. Poor psychological environments and other sources of stress also result in increased inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying the role of environmental and psychosocial factors and nutrition on the regulation of inflammation, and how the response elicited for those factors interact among them, are poorly understood. Whereas certain deleterious environmental factors result in the generation of oxidative stress driven by an increased production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and inflammation, other factors, including nutrition (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and behavioral factors (exercise) confer protection against inflammation, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and thus ameliorate their deleterious effect. Here, we discuss processes and mechanisms of inflammation associated with environmental factors and behavior, their links to sex and gender, and their overall impact on aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofía Bellalta
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Roque Basoalto
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Yorschua Jalil
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Lépez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anibal Matamoros
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Pará, Belem, Brazil
| | - Rommy von Bernhardi
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Toledo-Arruda AC, Sousa Neto IVD, Vieira RP, Guarnier FA, Caleman-Neto A, Suehiro CL, Olivo CR, Cecchini R, Prado CM, Lin CJ, Durigan JLQ, Martins MA. Aerobic exercise training attenuates detrimental effects of cigarette smoke exposure on peripheral muscle through stimulation of the Nrf2 pathway and cytokines: a time-course study in mice. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:978-986. [PMID: 32813570 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure reduces skeletal muscle function; however, the mechanisms involved have been poorly investigated. The current study evaluated the temporal effects of aerobic exercise training on oxidant and antioxidant systems as well as inflammatory markers in skeletal muscle of mice exposed to CS. Mice were randomly allocated to control, exercise, smoke, and smoke+exercise groups and 3 time points (4, 8, and 12 weeks; n = 12 per group). Exercise training and CS exposure were performed for 30 min/day, twice a day, 5 days/week for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Aerobic exercise improved functional capacity and attenuated the increase in the cachexia index induced by CS exposure after 12 weeks. Concomitantly, exercise training downregulated tumor necrosis factor α concentration, glutathione oxidation, and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Keap1 (P < 0.01) and upregulated interleukin 10 concentration, total antioxidant capacity, and mRNA expression of Nrf2, Gsr, and Txn1 (P < 0.01) in muscle. Exercise increased mRNA expression of Hmox1 compared with the control after 12 weeks (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between smoke groups for superoxide dismutase activity and Hmox1 mRNA expression. Exercise training improved the ability of skeletal muscle to adequately upregulate key antioxidant and anti-inflammatory defenses to detoxify electrophilic compounds induced by CS exposure, and these effects were more pronounced after 12 weeks. Novelty Exercise attenuates oxidative stress in skeletal muscle from animals exposed to CS via Nrf2 and glutathione pathways. Exercise is a helpful tool to control the inflammatory balance in skeletal muscle from animals exposed to CS. These beneficial effects were evident after 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Toledo-Arruda
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil.,Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF 72220-900, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), São José dos Campos, SP 12245-520, Brazil.,Postgraduate Programs in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, São Paulo, SP 08230-030, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11060-001, Brazil.,Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, São José dos Campos, SP 12230-002, Brazil
| | - Flávia A Guarnier
- Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Agostinho Caleman-Neto
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Camila L Suehiro
- Department of Pathology, (LIM-22), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Clarice R Olivo
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Rubens Cecchini
- Department of Pathology, Londrina State University, Londrina, PR 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Chin J Lin
- Department of Pathology, (LIM-22), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
| | | | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Clinical Medicine (LIM-20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 01246-903, Brazil
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20
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Wiener RC, Findley PA, Shen C, Dwibedi N, Sambamoorthi U. Relationship between smoking status and muscle strength in the United States older adults. Epidemiol Health 2020; 42:e2020055. [PMID: 32777884 PMCID: PMC7871150 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2020055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Muscle strength in older adults is associated with greater physical ability. Identifying interventions to maintain muscle strength can therefore improve quality of life. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether current or former smoking status is associated with a decrease in muscle strength in older adults. METHODS Data from the Health and Retirement Study from 2012-2014 were analyzed with regard to maximum dominant hand grip strength, maximum overall hand grip strength, and smoking status (current, former, or never). Unadjusted linear regression was conducted. Other factors known to be related to strength were included in the adjusted linear regression analyses. RESULTS For maximum grip strength, the regression coefficient was 4.91 for current smoking (standard error [SE], 0.58; p<0.001), 3.58 for former smoking (SE, 0.43; p<0.001), and 28.12 for never smoking (SE, 0.34). Fully adjusted linear regression on the relationship between dominant hand grip strength and smoking did not yield a significant result. The factors significantly associated with dominant hand grip strength were male sex, younger age, a race/ethnicity of non-Hispanic White or non-Hispanic Black, higher income, morbidity of ≤1 condition, no pain, and moderate or vigorous exercise more than once a week. CONCLUSIONS Muscle strength in older adults was not associated with smoking status in the adjusted analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Constance Wiener
- Department of Dental Practice and Rural Health, West Virginia University, School of Dentistry, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | | | - Chan Shen
- Department of Surgery, Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Nilanjana Dwibedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Usha Sambamoorthi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Systems and Policy, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, USA
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21
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Li J, Li Y, Atakan MM, Kuang J, Hu Y, Bishop DJ, Yan X. The Molecular Adaptive Responses of Skeletal Muscle to High-Intensity Exercise/Training and Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E656. [PMID: 32722013 PMCID: PMC7464156 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-intensity exercise/training, especially interval exercise/training, has gained popularity in recent years. Hypoxic training was introduced to elite athletes half a century ago and has recently been adopted by the general public. In the current review, we have summarised the molecular adaptive responses of skeletal muscle to high-intensity exercise/training, focusing on mitochondrial biogenesis, angiogenesis, and muscle fibre composition. The literature suggests that (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha) PGC-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-α) might be the main mediators of skeletal muscle adaptations to high-intensity exercises in hypoxia. Exercise is known to be anti-inflammatory, while the effects of hypoxia on inflammatory signalling are more complex. The anti-inflammatory effects of a single session of exercise might result from the release of anti-inflammatory myokines and other cytokines, as well as the downregulation of Toll-like receptor signalling, while training-induced anti-inflammatory effects may be due to reductions in abdominal and visceral fat (which are main sources of pro-inflammatory cytokines). Hypoxia can lead to inflammation, and inflammation can result in tissue hypoxia. However, the hypoxic factor HIF1-α is essential for preventing excessive inflammation. Disease-induced hypoxia is related to an upregulation of inflammatory signalling, but the effects of exercise-induced hypoxia on inflammation are less conclusive. The effects of high-intensity exercise under hypoxia on skeletal muscle molecular adaptations and inflammatory signalling have not been fully explored and are worth investigating in future studies. Understanding these effects will lead to a more comprehensive scientific basis for maximising the benefits of high-intensity exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Yanchun Li
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100192, China; (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Muhammed M. Atakan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Division of Nutrition and Metabolism in Exercise, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hacettepe University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100192, China; (Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - David J. Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
| | - Xu Yan
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS), Victoria University, P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne 8001, Australia; (M.M.A.); (J.K.); (D.J.B.)
- Sarcopenia Research Program, Australia Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne 3021, Australia
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22
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Gouveia TDS, Trevisan IB, Santos CP, Silva BSDA, Ramos EMC, Proença M, Ramos D. Smoking history: relationships with inflammatory markers, metabolic markers, body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary capacity in current smokers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 46:e20180353. [PMID: 32556029 PMCID: PMC7572273 DOI: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20180353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To determine the relationships that smoking history has with inflammatory markers, metabolic markers, body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary capacity in current smokers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 65 smokers (age range: 18-60 years). On three non-consecutive days, each participant was evaluated in terms of smoking history, pre-existing comorbidities, lung function (by spirometry), peripheral muscle strength (by dynamometry), body composition (by bioelectrical impedance analysis), levels of metabolic/inflammatory markers, and maximum cardiopulmonary capacity (by treadmill exercise test). We evaluated the relationships that smoking history has with inflammatory markers, metabolic markers, body composition, muscle strength, and cardiopulmonary capacity, using logarithmic transformation of the data and calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficient and for partial correlations adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and comorbidities. To identify the influence of smoking history on pre-existing comorbidities, we used a logistic regression model adjusted for age, BMI, and duration of smoking. Results: Smoking history correlated significantly, albeit weakly, with triglyceride level (r = 0.317; p = 0.005), monocyte count (r = 0.308; p = 0.013), and waist circumference (r = 0.299; p = 0.017). However, those correlations did not retain their significance in the adjusted analysis. In the logistic regression model, smoking more than 20 cigarettes/day correlated significantly with the presence of metabolic diseases (OR = 0.31; 95% CI: 1.009-1.701; p = 0.043). Conclusions: In this sample of smokers, smoking history correlated positively with the triglyceride level, the monocyte count, and waist circumference. The prevalence of metabolic disease was highest in those who smoked more than 20 cigarettes/day.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mahara Proença
- . Universidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Jacarezinho (PR) Brasil
| | - Dionei Ramos
- . Universidade Estadual Paulista, Presidente Prudente (SP) Brasil
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23
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Huang WC, Lee MC, Lee CC, Ng KS, Hsu YJ, Tsai TY, Young SL, Lin JS, Huang CC. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 on Exercise Physiological Adaptation, Performance, and Body Composition in Healthy Humans. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112836. [PMID: 31752370 PMCID: PMC6893516 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been rapidly developed for health promotion, but clinical validation of the effects on exercise physiology has been limited. In a previous study, Lactobacillus plantarum TWK10 (TWK10), isolated from Taiwanese pickled cabbage as a probiotic, was demonstrated to improve exercise performance in an animal model. Thus, in the current study, we attempted to further validate the physiological function and benefits through clinical trials for the purpose of translational research. The study was designed as a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. A total of 54 healthy participants (27 men and 27 women) aged 20–30 years without professional athletic training were enrolled and randomly allocated to the placebo, low (3 × 1010 colony forming units (CFU)), and high dose (9 × 1010 CFU) TWK10 administration groups (n = 18 per group, with equal sexes). The functional and physiological assessments were conducted by exhaustive treadmill exercise measurements (85% VO2max), and related biochemical indices were measured before and after six weeks of administration. Fatigue-associated indices, including lactic acid, blood ammonia, blood glucose, and creatinine kinase, were continuously monitored during 30 min of exercise and a 90 min rest period using fixed intensity exercise challenges (60% VO2max) to understand the physiological adaptation. The systemic inflammation and body compositions were also acquired and analyzed during the experimental process. The results showed that TWK10 significantly elevated the exercise performance in a dose-dependent manner and improved the fatigue-associated features correlated with better physiological adaptation. The change in body composition shifted in the healthy direction for TWK10 administration groups, especially for the high TWK10 dose group, which showed that body fat significantly decreased and muscle mass significantly increased. Taken together, our results suggest that TWK10 has the potential to be an ergogenic aid to improve aerobic endurance performance via physiological adaptation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei 11219, Taiwan;
| | - Mon-Chien Lee
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Chia-Chia Lee
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Ker-Sin Ng
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Yi-Ju Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
| | - Tsung-Yu Tsai
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan;
| | - San-Land Young
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
| | - Jin-Seng Lin
- Culture Collection & Research Institute, SYNBIO TECH INC., Kaohsiung 82151, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (K.-S.N.); (S.-L.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6955680 (J.-S.L.); +886-3-3283201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
| | - Chi-Chang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Sports Science, National Taiwan Sport University, Taoyuan 33301, Taiwan; (M.-C.L.); (Y.-J.H.)
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (C.-C.H.); Tel.: +886-7-6955680 (J.-S.L.); +886-3-3283201 (ext. 2409) (C.-C.H.)
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24
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Muller PDT, Barbosa GW, O'Donnell DE, Neder JA. Cardiopulmonary and Muscular Interactions: Potential Implications for Exercise (In)tolerance in Symptomatic Smokers Without Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Front Physiol 2019; 10:859. [PMID: 31354517 PMCID: PMC6635481 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and physical inactivity are important preventable causes of disability and early death worldwide. Reduced exercise tolerance has been described in smokers, even in those who do not fulfill the extant physiological criteria for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and are not particularly sedentary. In this context, it is widely accepted that exercise capacity depends on complex cardio-pulmonary interactions which support oxygen (O2) delivery to muscle mitochondria. Although peripheral muscular factors, O2 transport disturbances (including the effects of increased carboxyhemoglobin) and autonomic nervous system unbalance have been emphasized, other derangements have been more recently described, including early microscopic emphysema, pulmonary microvascular disease, ventilatory and gas exchange inefficiency, and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Using an integrative physiological approach, the present review summarizes the recent advances in knowledge on the effects of smoking on the lung-heart-muscle axis under the stress of exercise. Special attention is given to the mechanisms connecting physiological abnormalities such as early cardio-pulmonary derangements, inadequate oxygen delivery and utilization, and generalized bioenergetic disturbances at the muscular level with the negative sensations (sense of heightened muscle effort and breathlessness) that may decrease the tolerance of smokers to physical exercise. A deeper understanding of the systemic effects of smoking in subjects who did not (yet) show evidences of COPD and ischemic heart disease - two devastating smoking related diseases - might prove instrumental to fight their ever-growing burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo de Tarso Muller
- Laboratory of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Gisele Walter Barbosa
- Laboratory of Respiratory Pathophysiology, Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Denis E O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Alberto Neder
- Laboratory of Clinical Exercise Physiology, Respiratory Investigation Unit, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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25
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Fernandes JR, Marques da Silva CCB, da Silva AG, de Carvalho Pinto RM, da Silva Duarte AJ, Carvalho CR, Benard G. Effect of an Exercise Program on Lymphocyte Proliferative Responses of COPD Patients. Lung 2018. [PMID: 29525851 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training has been shown to reduce symptoms and exacerbations in COPD patients; however, the exercise effect on patients' immune response is poorly known. We thus verified if an exercise program (EP) impacted on proliferative T cell response of COPD patients. Fourteen non-O2 dependent COPD patients on standard treatment were studied. EP consisted in 24 sessions of aerobic and muscular training. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with the mitogen phytohemagglutinin and antigens from Haemophilus influenzae and cytomegalovirus, and the lymphocyte proliferative response (LPR) was assessed through the expression of Ki67 before and after the EP. The Quality of life [COPD assessment test (CAT)], dyspnea [(modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC)], and 6-min walk distance were also assessed. The EP program increased significantly the LPR of TCD4+ lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and cytomegalovirus and H. influenzae antigens, but with TCD8+ lymphocytes the increase was less marked. Consistent with this, a higher proportion of TCD8+ than TCD4+ cells did not express the costimulatory molecule CD28. The EP also resulted in improvement of the quality of life, dyspnea, and physical capacity. The improvement in TCD4+ cell function may represent an additional mechanism through which the EP results in less exacerbations and hospitalizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ruiz Fernandes
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Grandi da Silva
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 255, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Maria de Carvalho Pinto
- Pulmonary Department, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Enéas de Carvalho Aguiar, 44, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alberto José da Silva Duarte
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Celso Ricardo Carvalho
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Medicine, São Paulo University, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 255, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gil Benard
- Laboratory of Dermatology and Immunodeficiencies (LIM56), School of Medicine, São Paulo University, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, Brazil.
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