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Che Y, Shimizu Y, Hayashi T, Suzuki J, Pu Z, Tsuzuki K, Narita S, Shibata R, Murohara T. Chronic circadian rhythm disorder induces heart failure with preserved ejection fraction-like phenotype through the Clock-sGC-cGMP-PKG1 signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10777. [PMID: 38734687 PMCID: PMC11088651 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has documented that circadian rhythm disorders could be related to cardiovascular diseases. However, there is limited knowledge on the direct adverse effects of circadian misalignment on the heart. This study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic circadian rhythm disorder on heart homeostasis in a mouse model of consistent jetlag. The jetlag model was induced in mice by a serial 8-h phase advance of the light cycle using a light-controlled isolation box every 4 days for up to 3 months. Herein, we demonstrated for the first time that chronic circadian rhythm disorder established in the mouse jetlag model could lead to HFpEF-like phenotype such as cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac diastolic dysfunction, following the attenuation of the Clock-sGC-cGMP-PKG1 signaling. In addition, clock gene knock down in cardiomyocytes induced hypertrophy via decreased sGC-cGMP-PKG signaling pathway. Furthermore, treatment with an sGC-activator riociguat directly attenuated the adverse effects of jetlag model-induced cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, and cardiac diastolic dysfunction. Our data suggest that circadian rhythm disruption could induce HFpEF-like phenotype through downregulation of the clock-sGC-cGMP-PKG1 signaling pathway. sGC could be one of the molecular targets against circadian rhythm disorder-related heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyang Che
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuuki Shimizu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Takumi Hayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Junya Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Zhongyue Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuzuki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shingo Narita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Advanced Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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2
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Tian H, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Xia Z. Research progress of circadian rhythm in cardiovascular disease: A bibliometric study from 2002 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28738. [PMID: 38560247 PMCID: PMC10979111 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Given that the circadian rhythm is intricately linked to cardiovascular physiological functions, the objective of this investigation was to employ bibliometric visualization analysis in order to scrutinize the trends, hotspots, and prospects of the circadian rhythm and cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the past two decades. Methods A thorough exploration of the literature related to the circadian rhythm and CVD was conducted via the Web of Science Core Collection database spanning the years 2002-2022. Advanced software tools, including citespace and VOSviewer, were employed to carry out a comprehensive analysis of the co-occurrence and collaborative relationships among countries, institutions, journals, references, and keywords found in this literature. Furthermore, correlation mapping was executed to provide a visual representation of the data. Results The present study encompassed a total of 3399 published works, comprising of 2691 articles and 708 reviews. The publications under scrutiny were primarily derived from countries such as the United States, Japan, and China. The most prominent research institutions were found to be the University of Vigo, University of Minnesota, and Harvard University. Notably, the journal Chronobiology International, alongside its co-cited publications, had the most substantial contribution to the research in this field. Following an exhaustive analysis, the most frequently observed keywords were identified as circadian rhythm, blood pressure, hypertension, heart rate, heart rate variability, and melatonin. Furthermore, a nascent analysis indicated that future research might gravitate towards topics such as inflammation, metabolism, oxidative stress, and autophagy, thereby indicating new directions for investigation. Conclusion This analysis represents the first instance of bibliometric scrutiny pertaining to circadian rhythm and its correlation with cardiovascular disease (CVD) through the use of visualization software. Notably, this study has succeeded in highlighting the recent research frontiers and prominent trajectories in this field, thereby providing a valuable contribution to the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuxi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
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3
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Benjamin JI, Pollock DM. Current perspective on circadian function of the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F438-F459. [PMID: 38134232 PMCID: PMC11207578 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00247.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior and function of living systems are synchronized by the 24-h rotation of the Earth that guides physiology according to time of day. However, when behavior becomes misaligned from the light-dark cycle, such as in rotating shift work, jet lag, and even unusual eating patterns, adverse health consequences such as cardiovascular or cardiometabolic disease can arise. The discovery of cell-autonomous molecular clocks expanded interest in regulatory systems that control circadian physiology including within the kidney, where function varies along a 24-h cycle. Our understanding of the mechanisms for circadian control of physiology is in the early stages, and so the present review provides an overview of what is known and the many gaps in our current understanding. We include a particular focus on the impact of eating behaviors, especially meal timing. A better understanding of the mechanisms guiding circadian function of the kidney is expected to reveal new insights into causes and consequences of a wide range of disorders involving the kidney, including hypertension, obesity, and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jazmine I Benjamin
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States
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4
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Malhan D, Relógio A. A matter of timing? The influence of circadian rhythms on cardiac physiology and disease. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:561-563. [PMID: 38104261 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Malhan
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg 20457, Germany
| | - Angela Relógio
- Institute for Systems Medicine and Faculty of Human Medicine, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, Hamburg 20457, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology (ITB), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Philippstraße 13, Berlin 10117, Germany
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Bohmke NJ, Dixon DL, Kirkman DL. Chrono-nutrition for hypertension. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2024; 40:e3760. [PMID: 38287721 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advancement in blood pressure (BP) lowering medications, uncontrolled hypertension persists, underscoring a stagnation of effective clinical strategies. Novel and effective lifestyle therapies are needed to prevent and manage hypertension to mitigate future progression to cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. Chrono-nutrition, aligning the timing of eating with environmental cues and internal biological clocks, has emerged as a potential strategy to improve BP in high-risk populations. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the circadian physiology of BP with an emphasis on renal and vascular circadian biology. The potential of Chrono-nutrition as a lifestyle intervention for hypertension is discussed and current evidence for the efficacy of time-restricted eating is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J Bohmke
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dave L Dixon
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Joshi K, Das M, Sarma A, Arora MK, SInghal M, Kumar B. Insight on Cardiac Chronobiology and Latest Developments of Chronotherapeutic Antihypertensive Interventions for Better Clinical Outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rev 2023; 19:106-122. [PMID: 36624649 DOI: 10.2174/1573402119666230109142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac circadian rhythms are an important regulator of body functions, including cardiac activities and blood pressure. Disturbance of circadian rhythm is known to trigger and aggravate various cardiovascular diseases. Thus, modulating the circadian rhythm can be used as a therapeutic approach to cardiovascular diseases. Through this work, we intend to discuss the current understanding of cardiac circadian rhythms, in terms of quantifiable parameters like BP and HR. We also elaborate on the molecular regulators and the molecular cascades along with their specific genetic aspects involved in modulating circadian rhythms, with specific reference to cardiovascular health and cardiovascular diseases. Along with this, we also presented the latest pharmacogenomic and metabolomics markers involved in chronobiological control of the cardiovascular system along with their possible utility in cardiovascular disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Finally, we reviewed the current expert opinions on chronotherapeutic approaches for utilizing the conventional as well as the new pharmacological molecules for antihypertensive chronotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Joshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Lloyd Institute of Management and Technology, Greater Noida, India
| | - Madhubanti Das
- Department of Zoology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Anupam Sarma
- Advanced Drug Delivery Laboratory, GIPS, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Mandeep K Arora
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Manmohan SInghal
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
| | - Bhavna Kumar
- School of Pharmacy and population health informatics, DIT University, Dehradun, India
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7
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Xiao Z, Xu C, Liu Q, Yan Q, Liang J, Weng Z, Zhang X, Xu J, Hang D, Gu A. Night Shift Work, Genetic Risk, and Hypertension. Mayo Clin Proc 2022; 97:2016-2027. [PMID: 35995626 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To perform a prospective cohort study to investigate whether night shift work is associated with incident hypertension and whether this association is modified by genetic susceptibility to hypertension because evidence on the association between night shift work and hypertension is insufficient. METHODS A total of 232,665 participants of UK Biobank who were recruited from 2006 to 2010 and observed to January 31, 2018, were included in this study. A Cox proportional hazards model with covariate adjustment was performed to assess the association between night shift work exposure and hypertension risk. We constructed a polygenic risk score (PRS) for genetic susceptibility to hypertension, which was used to explore whether genetic susceptibility to hypertension modified the effect of night shift work. The robustness of the results was assessed by sensitivity analysis. RESULTS Night shift workers had a higher hypertension risk than day shift workers, which increased with increasing frequency of night shift work (Ptrend<.001). The association was attenuated but still remained statistically significant in the fully adjusted model. We explored the joint effect of night shift work and genetic susceptibility on hypertension. Permanent night shift workers with higher hypertension PRSs had higher risk of hypertension than day workers with low PRSs. CONCLUSION Night shift work exposure was associated with increased hypertension risk, which was modified by the genetic risk for hypertension, indicating that there is a joint effect of night shift work and genetic risk on hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjia Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenkun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Department of Maternal, Child, and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Hou T, Chacon AN, Su W, Katsumata Y, Guo Z, Gong MC. Role of sympathetic pathway in light-phase time-restricted feeding-induced blood pressure circadian rhythm alteration. Front Nutr 2022; 9:969345. [PMID: 36159491 PMCID: PMC9493072 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.969345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm, independent of hypertension, is emerging as an index for future target organ damage and is associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Previous studies showed that changing food availability time alters BP rhythm in several mammalian species. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To address this, the current study specifically investigates (1) the relationship between rhythms of food intake and BP in wild-type mice; (2) effects of light-phase time-restricted feeding (TRF, food only available during light-phase) on BP circadian rhythm in wild-type and diabetic db/db mice; (3) the roles of the autonomic system and clock gene in light-phase TRF induced changes in BP circadian rhythm. Food intake and BP of C57BL/6J and db/db mice were simultaneously and continuously recorded using BioDAQ and telemetry systems under ad libitum or light-phase TRF. Per2 protein daily oscillation was recorded in vivo by IVIS spectrum in mPer2 Luc mice. Autonomic nerve activity was evaluated by heart rate variability, baroreflex, urinary norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) excretion, and mRNA expressions of catecholamines biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes, and alpha-adrenergic receptors in mesenteric resistance arteries. We found that in wild-type mice, the BP level was correlated with the food intake temporally across the 24 h. Reversing the feeding time by imposing light-phase TRF resulted in reverse or inverted BP dipping. Interestingly, the net changes in food intake were correlated with the net alteration in BP temporally under light-phase TRF. In db/db mice, light-phase TRF worsened the existing non-dipping BP. The food intake and BP circadian rhythm changes were associated with alterations in Per2 protein daily oscillation and the time-of-day variations in heart rate variability, baroreflex, and urinary excretion of NE and Epi, and increased mRNA expression of Slc6a2 (encoding NE transporter) and Adra1d (encoding alpha-adrenergic receptor 1d) in the mesenteric resistance arteries, indicating the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) was modulated after light-phase TRF. Collectively, our results demonstrated that light-phase TRF results in reverse dipping of BP in wild-type and diabetic db/db mice and revealed the potential role of the sympathetic pathway in light-phase TRF-induced BP circadian rhythm alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Hou
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Aaron N. Chacon
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wen Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yuriko Katsumata
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Zhenheng Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Research and Development, Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ming C. Gong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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Impacts of Circadian Gene Period2 Knockout on Intestinal Metabolism and Hepatic Antioxidant and Inflammation State in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7896371. [PMID: 35910841 PMCID: PMC9325607 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7896371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The period circadian regulator 2 (Per2) gene is important for the modulations of rhythmic homeostasis in the gut and liver; disruption will cause metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver. Herein, we investigated the alterations in intestinal metabolic and hepatic functions in Per2 knockout (Per2−/−, KO) and wild-type (Per2+/+, WT) mice. Growth indices, intestinal metabolomics, hepatic circadian rhythms, lipid metabolism, inflammation-related genes, antioxidant capacity, and transcriptome sequencing were performed after euthanasia. Data indicated that KO decreased the intestinal concentrations of amino acids such as γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, glycine, L-allothreonine, methionine, proline, serine, and valine while it increased the concentrations of carbohydrates such as cellobiose, D-talose, fucose, lyxose, and xylose compared with WT. Moreover, the imbalance of intestinal metabolism further seemed to induce liver dysfunction. Data indicated that Per2 knockout altered the expression of hepatic circadian rhythm genes, such as Clock, Bmal1, Per1, Per3, Cry1, and Cry2. KO also induced hepatic lipid metabolism, because of the increase of liver index and serum concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, and the upregulated expression of Pparα, Cyp7a1, and Cpt1. In addition, KO improved hepatic antioxidant capacity due to the increase activities of SOD and GSH-Px and the decrease in concentrations of MDA. Lastly, KO increased the relative expression levels of hepatic inflammation-related genes, such as Il-1β, Il-6, Tnf-α, Myd88, and Nf-κB p65, which may potentially lead to hepatic inflammation. Overall, Per2 knockout induces gut metabolic dysregulation and may potentially trigger alterations in hepatic antioxidant and inflammation responses.
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Ibarz-Blanch N, Morales D, Calvo E, Ros-Medina L, Muguerza B, Bravo FI, Suárez M. Role of Chrononutrition in the Antihypertensive Effects of Natural Bioactive Compounds. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091920. [PMID: 35565887 PMCID: PMC9103085 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HTN) is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors and is considered a major public health problem. Numerous approaches have been developed to lower blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients, most of them involving pharmacological treatments. Within this context, natural bioactive compounds have emerged as a promising alternative to drugs in HTN prevention. This work reviews not only the mechanisms of BP regulation by these antihypertensive compounds, but also their efficacy depending on consumption time. Although a plethora of studies has investigated food-derived compounds, such as phenolic compounds or peptides and their impact on BP, only a few addressed the relevance of time consumption. However, it is known that BP and its main regulatory mechanisms show a 24-h oscillation. Moreover, evidence shows that phenolic compounds can interact with clock genes, which regulate the biological rhythm followed by many physiological processes. Therefore, further research might be carried out to completely elucidate the interactions along the time–nutrition–hypertension axis within the framework of chrononutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Enrique Calvo
- Correspondence: (E.C.); (F.I.B.); Tel.: +34-977558837 (E.C.)
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Luan J, Yang K, Ding Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Cui H, Zhou D, Chen L, Ma Z, Wang W, Zhang W, Liu X. Valsartan-mediated chronotherapy in spontaneously hypertensive rats via targeting clock gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:490-500. [PMID: 31794282 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1695840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the underlying mechanisms of valsartan chronotherapy in regulating blood pressure variability. METHODS RT-PCR was used to assay clock genes expression rhythm in the hypothalamus, aortic vessels, and target organs after valsartan chronotherapy. WB was used to measure Period 1 (Per1), Period 2 (Per2) protein expression in aortic vessels, as well as to measure phosphorylation of 20-kDa regulatory myosin light chain (MLC20) in VSMCs. RESULTS Specific clock genes in the hypothalamus, and Per1 and Per2 in aorta abdominalis, exhibited disordered circadian expression in vivo. Valsartan asleep time administration (VSA) restored circadian clock gene expression in a tissue- and gene-specific manner. In vitro, VSA was more efficient in blocking angiotensin II relative to VWA, which led to differential circadian rhythms of Per1 and Per2, ultimately corrected MLC20 phosphorylation. CONCLUSION VSA may be efficacious in regulating circadian clock genes rhythm, then concomitantly correct circadian blood pressure rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Luan
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Kui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Yanyun Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Haiju Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, XuanCheng Vocational and Technical college, XuanCheng, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Deixi Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Zhangqing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Wusan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, P.R. China
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Mehra R, Tjurmina OA, Ajijola OA, Arora R, Bolser DC, Chapleau MW, Chen PS, Clancy CE, Delisle BP, Gold MR, Goldberger JJ, Goldstein DS, Habecker BA, Handoko ML, Harvey R, Hummel JP, Hund T, Meyer C, Redline S, Ripplinger CM, Simon MA, Somers VK, Stavrakis S, Taylor-Clark T, Undem BJ, Verrier RL, Zucker IH, Sopko G, Shivkumar K. Research Opportunities in Autonomic Neural Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Regulation: A Report From the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director Workshop. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:265-293. [PMID: 35411324 PMCID: PMC8993767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This virtual workshop was convened by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, in partnership with the Office of Strategic Coordination of the Office of the National Institutes of Health Director, and held September 2 to 3, 2020. The intent was to assemble a multidisciplinary group of experts in basic, translational, and clinical research in neuroscience and cardiopulmonary disorders to identify knowledge gaps, guide future research efforts, and foster multidisciplinary collaborations pertaining to autonomic neural mechanisms of cardiopulmonary regulation. The group critically evaluated the current state of knowledge of the roles that the autonomic nervous system plays in regulation of cardiopulmonary function in health and in pathophysiology of arrhythmias, heart failure, sleep and circadian dysfunction, and breathing disorders. Opportunities to leverage the Common Fund's SPARC (Stimulating Peripheral Activity to Relieve Conditions) program were characterized as related to nonpharmacologic neuromodulation and device-based therapies. Common themes discussed include knowledge gaps, research priorities, and approaches to develop novel predictive markers of autonomic dysfunction. Approaches to precisely target neural pathophysiological mechanisms to herald new therapies for arrhythmias, heart failure, sleep and circadian rhythm physiology, and breathing disorders were also detailed.
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Key Words
- ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme
- AD, autonomic dysregulation
- AF, atrial fibrillation
- ANS, autonomic nervous system
- Ach, acetylcholine
- CNS, central nervous system
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CSA, central sleep apnea
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- ECG, electrocardiogram
- EV, extracellular vesicle
- GP, ganglionated plexi
- HF, heart failure
- HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
- HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
- HRV, heart rate variability
- LQT, long QT
- MI, myocardial infarction
- NE, norepinephrine
- NHLBI, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
- NPY, neuropeptide Y
- NREM, non-rapid eye movement
- OSA, obstructive sleep apnea
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PV, pulmonary vein
- REM, rapid eye movement
- RV, right ventricular
- SCD, sudden cardiac death
- SDB, sleep disordered breathing
- SNA, sympathetic nerve activity
- SNSA, sympathetic nervous system activity
- TLD, targeted lung denervation
- asthma
- atrial fibrillation
- autonomic nervous system
- cardiopulmonary
- chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- circadian
- heart failure
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- sleep apnea
- ventricular arrhythmia
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Mehra
- Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Olga A. Tjurmina
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rishi Arora
- Feinberg School of Medicine at Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Mark W. Chapleau
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael R. Gold
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - David S. Goldstein
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Beth A. Habecker
- Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - M. Louis Handoko
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - James P. Hummel
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc A. Simon
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Stavros Stavrakis
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | | | | | - Richard L. Verrier
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - George Sopko
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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13
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Soliman RH, Pollock DM. Circadian Control of Sodium and Blood Pressure Regulation. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:1130-1142. [PMID: 34166494 PMCID: PMC9526808 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The attention for the control of dietary risk factors involved in the development of hypertension, includes a large effort on dietary salt restrictions. Ample studies show the beneficial role of limiting dietary sodium as a lifestyle modification in the prevention and management of essential hypertension. Not until the past decade or so have studies more specifically investigated diurnal variations in renal electrolyte excretion, which led us to the hypothesis that timing of salt intake may impact cardiovascular health and blood pressure regulation. Cell autonomous molecular clocks as the name implies, function independently to maintain optimum functional rhythmicity in the face of environmental stressors such that cellular homeostasis is maintained at all times. Our understanding of mechanisms influencing diurnal patterns of sodium excretion and blood pressure has expanded with the discovery of the circadian clock genes. In this review, we discuss what is known about circadian regulation of renal sodium handling machinery and its influence on blood pressure regulation, with timing of sodium intake as a potential modulator of the kidney clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham H Soliman
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - David M Pollock
- Section of Cardio-renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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14
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Jesus ICG, Araújo FM, Mesquita T, Júnior NNS, Silva MM, Morgan HJN, Silva KSC, Silva CLA, Birbrair A, Amaral FA, Navegantes LC, Salgado HC, Szawka RE, Poletini MO, Guatimosim S. Molecular basis of Period 1 regulation by adrenergic signaling in the heart. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21886. [PMID: 34473369 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100441r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cardiac circadian clock is responsible for the modulation of different myocardial processes, and its dysregulation has been linked to disease development. How this clock machinery is regulated in the heart remains an open question. Because noradrenaline (NE) can act as a zeitgeber in cardiomyocytes, we tested the hypothesis that adrenergic signaling resets cardiac clock gene expression in vivo. In its anti-phase with Clock and Bmal1, cardiac Per1 abundance increased during the dark phase, concurrent with the rise in heart rate and preceded by an increase in NE levels. Sympathetic denervation altered Bmal1 and Clock amplitude, while Per1 was affected in both amplitude and oscillatory pattern. We next treated mice with a β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) blocker. Strikingly, the β-AR blockade during the day suppressed the nocturnal increase in Per1 mRNA, without altering Clock or Bmal1. In contrast, activating β-AR with isoproterenol (ISO) promoted an increase in Per1 expression, demonstrating its responsiveness to adrenergic input. Inhibitors of ERK1/2 and CREB attenuated ISO-induced Per1 expression. Upstream of ERK1/2, PI3Kγ mediated ISO induction of Per1 transcription, while activation of β2-AR, but not β1-AR induced increases in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and Per1 expression. Consistent with the β2-induction of Per1 mRNA, ISO failed to activate ERK1/2 and elevate Per1 in the heart of β2-AR-/- mice, whereas a β2-AR antagonist attenuated the nocturnal rise in Per1 expression. Our study established a link between NE/β2-AR signaling and Per1 oscillation via the PI3Ky-ERK1/2-CREB pathway, providing a new framework for understanding the physiological mechanism involved in resetting cardiac clock genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar C G Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávia M Araújo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Thássio Mesquita
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nilton N S Júnior
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mário M Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Henrique J N Morgan
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Kaoma S C Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cleide L A Silva
- Animal Facility of Blood Center Foundation, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexander Birbrair
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Flávio A Amaral
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Navegantes
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Helio C Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Raphael E Szawka
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Maristela O Poletini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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15
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Kui Y, Yanyun D, Wan J, Yaqin W, Lu C, Wen Z, Wusan W, Zhangqing M, Jiajie L. Combination of Valsartan and Melatonin to Treat Non-Dipping Hypertension Rats via Circadian Clock System. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.442.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Zhang J, Sun R, Jiang T, Yang G, Chen L. Circadian Blood Pressure Rhythm in Cardiovascular and Renal Health and Disease. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060868. [PMID: 34207942 PMCID: PMC8230716 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood pressure (BP) follows a circadian rhythm, it increases on waking in the morning and decreases during sleeping at night. Disruption of the circadian BP rhythm has been reported to be associated with worsened cardiovascular and renal outcomes, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are still not clear. In this review, we briefly summarized the current understanding of the circadian BP regulation and provided therapeutic overview of the relationship between circadian BP rhythm and cardiovascular and renal health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Ruoyu Sun
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
| | - Guangrui Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China;
| | - Lihong Chen
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; (J.Z.); (R.S.); (T.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-411-86118984
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17
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Pati P, Valcin JA, Zhang D, Neder TH, Millender-Swain T, Allan JM, Sedaka R, Jin C, Becker BK, Pollock DM, Bailey SM, Pollock JS. Liver circadian clock disruption alters perivascular adipose tissue gene expression and aortic function in mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2021; 320:R960-R971. [PMID: 33881363 PMCID: PMC8285618 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00128.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The liver plays a central role that influences cardiovascular disease outcomes through regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. It is recognized that the local liver molecular clock regulates some liver-derived metabolites. However, it is unknown whether the liver clock may impact cardiovascular function. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is a specialized type of adipose tissue surrounding blood vessels. Importantly, cross talk between the endothelium and PVAT via vasoactive factors is critical for vascular function. Therefore, we designed studies to test the hypothesis that cardiovascular function, including PVAT function, is impaired in mice with liver-specific circadian clock disruption. Bmal1 is a core circadian clock gene, thus studies were undertaken in male hepatocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (HBK) mice and littermate controls (i.e., flox mice). HBK mice showed significantly elevated plasma levels of β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids/free fatty acids, triglycerides, and insulin-like growth factor 1 compared with flox mice. Thoracic aorta PVAT in HBK mice had increased mRNA expression of several key regulatory and metabolic genes, Ppargc1a, Pparg, Adipoq, Lpl, and Ucp1, suggesting altered PVAT energy metabolism and thermogenesis. Sensitivity to acetylcholine-induced vasorelaxation was significantly decreased in the aortae of HBK mice with PVAT attached compared with aortae of HBK mice with PVAT removed, however, aortic vasorelaxation in flox mice showed no differences with or without attached PVAT. HBK mice had a significantly lower systolic blood pressure during the inactive period of the day. These new findings establish a novel role of the liver circadian clock in regulating PVAT metabolic gene expression and PVAT-mediated aortic vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Pati
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer A Valcin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Dingguo Zhang
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Thomas H Neder
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Telisha Millender-Swain
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - John Miller Allan
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Randee Sedaka
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chunhua Jin
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Bryan K Becker
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - David M Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shannon M Bailey
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jennifer S Pollock
- Cardio-Renal Physiology and Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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18
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Katary M, Abdel-Rahman AA. Alcohol suppresses cardiovascular diurnal variations in male normotensive rats: Role of reduced PER2 expression and CYP2E1 hyperactivity in the heart. Alcohol 2020; 89:27-36. [PMID: 32777474 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The molecular mechanism of the adverse effects of ethanol on diurnal cardiovascular regulation remains unknown. In separate studies, the cardiac circadian rhythm protein period-2 (PER2) confers cardioprotection and, in other organs, PER2 interaction with the ethanol-metabolizing enzyme CYP2E1 underlies, via heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) upregulation, tissue injury/dysfunction. Here, we hypothesized that suppressed PER2 expression and elevated CYP2E1/HO-1 levels in the heart underlie the disrupted diurnal cardiovascular rhythm/function in alcohol-fed normotensive rats. METHODS In ethanol-fed (5%, w/v; 8 weeks) or isocaloric liquid diet-fed male rats, diurnal changes in blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), HR vagal variability index, root mean square of successive beat-to-beat differences in beat-interval duration (rMSSD), and cardiac function were measured by radiotelemetry and echocardiography followed by ex vivo molecular studies. RESULTS Radiotelemetry findings showed ethanol-evoked reductions in BP (during the dark cycle), rMSSD (during both cycles), and in diurnal differences in BP and rMSSD. Echocardiography findings revealed significant (p < 0.05) reductions in ejection fraction and fractional shortening (weeks 4-6) in the absence of cardiac remodeling (collagen content). Hearts of ethanol-fed rats exhibited higher (p < 0.05) CYP2E1 activity (50%) and HO-1 expression (63%), along with reduction (p < 0.05) in PER2 levels (29%), compared with the hearts of isocaloric diet-fed control rats. CONCLUSIONS Our novel findings implicate upregulations of CYP2E1/HO-1 and downregulation of the circadian rhythm cardioprotective protein PER2, in the heart, in the chronic deleterious diurnal cardiovascular effects of alcohol in male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Katary
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Abdel A Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States.
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19
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Xu W, Jain MK, Zhang L. Molecular link between circadian clocks and cardiac function: a network of core clock, slave clock, and effectors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 57:28-40. [PMID: 33189913 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm has a strong influence on both cardiac physiology and disease in humans. Preclinical studies primarily using tissue-specific transgenic mouse models have contributed to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the circadian clock in the cardiovascular system. The core clock driven by CLOCK:BMAL1 complex functions as a universal timing machinery that primarily sets the pace in all mammalian cell types. In one specific cell or tissue type, core clock may control a secondary transcriptional oscillator, conceptualized as slave clock, which confers the oscillatory expression of tissue-specific effectors. Here, we discuss a core clock-slave clock-effectors network, which links the molecular clock to cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, USA; School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Lilei Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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20
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Tharmalingam S, Khurana S, Murray A, Lamothe J, Tai TC. Whole transcriptome analysis of adrenal glands from prenatal glucocorticoid programmed hypertensive rodents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18755. [PMID: 33127986 PMCID: PMC7603342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75652-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal glucocorticoid exposure is associated with the development of hypertension in adults. We have previously demonstrated that antenatal dexamethosone (DEX) administration in Wistar-Kyoto dams results in offspring with increased blood pressure coupled with elevated plasma epinephrine levels. In order to elucidate the molecular mechanisms responsible for prenatal DEX-mediated programming of hypertension, a whole-transcriptome analysis was performed on DEX programmed WKY male adrenal glands using the Rat Gene 2.0 microarray. Differential gene expression (DEG) analysis of DEX-exposed offspring compared with saline-treated controls revealed 142 significant DEGs (109 upregulated and 33 downregulated genes). DEG pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that genes involved in circadian rhythm signaling were most robustly dysregulated. RT-qPCR analysis confirmed the increased expression of circadian genes Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per2, Per3, Cry2 and Bhlhe41 were significantly downregulated. In contrast, gene expression profiling of Spontaneously Hypertensive (SHR) rats, a genetic model of hypertension, demonstrated decreased expression of Bmal1 and Npas2, while Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, Cry2, Bhlhe41 and Csnk1D were all upregulated compared to naïve WKY controls. Taken together, this study establishes that glucocorticoid programmed adrenals have impaired circadian signaling and that changes in adrenal circadian rhythm may be an underlying molecular mechanism responsible for the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujeenthar Tharmalingam
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Health Sciences North Research Institute, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2H2, Canada
| | - Sandhya Khurana
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Alyssa Murray
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Jeremy Lamothe
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - T C Tai
- Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Rd, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada. .,Biomolecular Sciences Program, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, P3E 2C6, Canada.
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21
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Hou Y, Liu L, Chen X, Li Q, Li J. Association between circadian disruption and diseases: A narrative review. Life Sci 2020; 262:118512. [PMID: 33010281 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play an important role in a wide range of human physiology and pathology. Individuals increasingly experience situations such as night-shift work schedules, likely leading to circadian disruption. Recent studies have also demonstrated that patients with other diseases often show symptoms of circadian disruption as manifested by the sleep-wake cycle and other biological rhythms. Circadian disruption often results in changes to the phase, period, and amplitude of the sleep-wake cycle, melatonin rhythm, and core body temperature. Several cardiometabolic, psychiatric, and neurodegenerative diseases are closely related to circadian disruption. Several interventions are also available, including phototherapy, exogenous melatonin, and exercise. The cumulative findings suggest that circadian disruption can increase risk for some cardiometabolic diseases. Circadian disruption also acts as a concomitant symptom of several psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. More attention should be paid to evaluating the impact of circadian disruption on these related diseases, as well as the benefits of the mitigation interventions for both circadian disruption and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Hou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Lumin Liu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaotong Chen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Qi Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jing Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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22
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Soares AC, Fonseca DA. Cardiovascular diseases: a therapeutic perspective around the clock. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:1086-1098. [PMID: 32320853 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological rhythms are a ubiquitous feature of life. Most bodily functions, including physiological, biochemical, and behavioral processes, are coupled by the circadian rhythm. In the cardiovascular system, circadian fluctuations regulate several functions, namely heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac contractility, and metabolism. In fact, current lifestyles impose external timing constraints that clash with our internal circadian physiology, often increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Still, the mechanisms of dysregulation are not fully understood because this is a growing area of research. In this review, we explore the modulatory role of the circadian rhythms on cardiovascular function and disease as well as the role of chronotherapy in the context of CVD and how such an approach could improve existing therapies and assist in the development of new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diogo A Fonseca
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Care, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal; CIBB Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Portugal.
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23
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Škrlec I, Milić J, Steiner R. The Impact of the Circadian Genes CLOCK and ARNTL on Myocardial Infarction. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020484. [PMID: 32050674 PMCID: PMC7074039 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm regulates various physiological mechanisms, and its disruption can promote many disorders. Disturbance of endogenous circadian rhythms enhances the chance of myocardial infarction (MI), showing that circadian clock genes could have a crucial function in the onset of the disease. This case-control study was performed on 1057 participants. It was hypothesized that the polymorphisms of one nucleotide (SNP) in three circadian clock genes (CLOCK, ARNTL, and PER2) could be associated with MI. Statistically significant differences, estimated by the Chi-square test, were found in the distribution of alleles and genotypes between MI and no-MI groups of the CLOCK (rs6811520 and rs13124436) and ARNTL (rs3789327 and rs12363415) genes. According to the results of the present study, the polymorphisms in the CLOCK and ARNTL genes could be related to MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Histology, Genetics, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jakov Milić
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Robert Steiner
- Faculty of Medicine, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
- Clinical Department of Cardiovascular Diseases and Intensive Care, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Osijek, Josipa Huttlera 4, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
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24
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Thosar SS, Berman AM, Herzig MX, McHill AW, Bowles NP, Swanson CM, Clemons NA, Butler MP, Clemons AA, Emens JS, Shea SA. Circadian Rhythm of Vascular Function in Midlife Adults. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 39:1203-1211. [PMID: 31070470 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective- Adverse cardiovascular events occur more frequently in the morning than at other times of the day. Vascular endothelial function (VEF)-a robust cardiovascular risk marker-is impaired during this morning period. We recently discovered that this morning impairment in VEF is not caused by either overnight sleep or the inactivity that accompanies sleep. We determined whether the endogenous circadian system is responsible for this morning impairment in VEF. We also assessed whether the circadian system affects mechanistic biomarkers, that is, oxidative stress (malondialdehyde adducts), endothelin-1, blood pressure, and heart rate. Approach and Results- Twenty-one (11 women) middle-aged healthy participants completed a 5-day laboratory protocol in dim light where all behaviors, including sleep and activity, and all physiological measurements were evenly distributed across the 24-hour period. After baseline testing, participants underwent 10 recurring 5-hour 20-minute behavioral cycles of 2-hour 40-minute sleep opportunities and 2 hours and 40 minutes of standardized waking episodes. VEF, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured, and venous blood was sampled immediately after awakening during each wake episode. Independent of behaviors, VEF was significantly attenuated during the subjective night and across the morning ( P=0.04). Malondialdehyde adducts and endothelin-1 exhibited circadian rhythms with increases across the morning vulnerable period and peaks around noon ( P≤0.01). Both systolic ( P=0.005) and diastolic blood pressure ( P=0.04) were rhythmic with peaks in the late afternoon. Conclusions- The endogenous circadian system impairs VEF and increases malondialdehyde adducts and endothelin-1 in the morning vulnerable hours and may increase the risk of morning adverse cardiovascular events in susceptible individuals. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02202811.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Thosar
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Alec M Berman
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Maya X Herzig
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Andrew W McHill
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Nicole P Bowles
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Christine M Swanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora (C.M.S.)
| | - Noal A Clemons
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Matthew P Butler
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience (M.P.B.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Aaron A Clemons
- Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute (A.A.C.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Jonathan S Emens
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland.,Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, OR (J.S.E.)
| | - Steven A Shea
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences (S.S.T., A.M.B., M.X.H., A.W.M., N.P.B., N.A.C., M.P.B., J.S.E., S.A.S.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
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25
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Zhang D, Pollock DM. Diurnal Regulation of Renal Electrolyte Excretion: The Role of Paracrine Factors. Annu Rev Physiol 2019; 82:343-363. [PMID: 31635525 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021119-034446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many physiological processes, including most kidney-related functions, follow specific rhythms tied to a 24-h cycle. This is largely because circadian genes operate in virtually every cell type in the body. In addition, many noncanonical genes have intrinsic circadian rhythms, especially within the liver and kidney. This new level of complexity applies to the control of renal electrolyte excretion. Furthermore, there is growing evidence that paracrine and autocrine factors, especially the endothelin system, are regulated by clock genes. We have known for decades that excretion of electrolytes is dependent on time of day, which could play an important role in fluid volume balance and blood pressure control. Here, we review what is known about the interplay between paracrine and circadian control of electrolyte excretion. The hope is that recognition of paracrine and circadian factors can be considered more deeply in the future when integrating with well-established neuroendocrine control of excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingguo Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA; ,
| | - David M Pollock
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA; ,
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26
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Škrlec I, Milić J, Heffer M, Wagner J, Peterlin B. Circadian clock genes and circadian phenotypes in patients with myocardial infarction. Adv Med Sci 2019; 64:224-229. [PMID: 30818221 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human physiological activities and diseases are under the control of the circadian rhythm. There are strong epidemiological associations between disrupted circadian rhythms, sleep duration and diseases. Sleep disorders are associated with vascular outcomes, such as myocardial infarction (MI). METHODS We conducted an association study of genotype-phenotype interaction, to determine which circadian clock gene variants might be associated with the circadian phenotypes in patients with MI. In the present study, we analyzed the allele frequencies of 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms in four circadian clock genes in two independent samples: MI patients and controls. Chronotype was assessed using the Morningness - Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and daytime sleepiness using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). RESULTS Chronotype was associated with the ARNTL genetic variant rs12363415 in MI patients. The polymorphisms rs11932595 of the CLOCK gene and rs934945 of the PER2 gene were associated with daytime sleepiness in the patient group. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that genetic variations in some circadian clock genes might be related to circadian phenotype (i.e., chronotype and daytime sleepiness) in patients with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Jakov Milić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia; Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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27
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Tanaka S, Ueno T, Tsunemi A, Nagura C, Tahira K, Fukuda N, Soma M, Abe M. The adrenal gland circadian clock exhibits a distinct phase advance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:165-173. [PMID: 30464218 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock influences a multitude of cellular and biological processes, including blood pressure control. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) exhibit aberrant circadian rhythms affecting cardiovascular parameters, and they also have abnormal clock gene expression profiles in several organs. Given the important role of the adrenal gland in orchestrating circadian oscillations, we investigated the adrenal gland circadian clock in SHR and control Wistar-Kyoto rats maintained under a 12-hour light-dark cycle. Adrenal glands, livers, and serum samples were collected every 4 h and mRNA was extracted for analysis of clock gene expression. Serum levels of corticosterone and aldosterone were also analyzed. Overall, the circadian profiles of Bmal1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, RevErba, Revervb, and Dbp gene expression in SHR adrenal glands were phase-advanced relative to controls. The expression profile of StAR (a representative gene under circadian control in the adrenal gland), as well as the circadian rhythms of serum concentrations of corticosteroid and aldosterone were also phase advanced. E4bp4 gene expression was significantly higher during the dark period, yet the expression of its transcriptional activator, Rora, was significantly lower throughout the 24 h period in SHR adrenal glands than in controls. This paradoxical high E4bp4 gene expression was, however, not observed in the liver. In addition, Per1, Per2, Per3, Reverba, and Reverbb mRNA tended to be lower in SHR adrenal glands than in controls. Thus, we conclude that SHR possess an abnormal adrenal circadian clock, which may affect the transcriptional regulation of clock-controlled genes, and steroid hormone secretion by the adrenal gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Tanaka
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akiko Tsunemi
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Chinami Nagura
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Tahira
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Soma
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Kamicho, Oyaguchi, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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28
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Douma LG, Solocinski K, Holzworth MR, Crislip GR, Masten SH, Miller AH, Cheng KY, Lynch IJ, Cain BD, Wingo CS, Gumz ML. Female C57BL/6J mice lacking the circadian clock protein PER1 are protected from nondipping hypertension. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 316:R50-R58. [PMID: 30427705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00381.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian clock is integral to the maintenance of daily rhythms of many physiological outputs, including blood pressure. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the importance of the clock protein period 1 (PER1) in blood pressure regulation in male mice. Briefly, a high-salt diet (HS; 4% NaCl) plus injection with the long-acting mineralocorticoid deoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) resulted in nondipping hypertension [<10% difference between night and day blood pressure (BP) in Per1-knockout (KO) mice but not in wild-type (WT) mice]. To date, there have been no studies that have examined the effect of a core circadian gene KO on BP rhythms in female mice. The goal of the present study was to determine whether female Per1-KO mice develop nondipping hypertension in response to HS/DOCP treatment. For the first time, we demonstrate that loss of the circadian clock protein PER1 in female mice does not significantly change mean arterial pressure (MAP) or the BP rhythm relative to female C57BL/6 WT control mice. Both WT and Per1-KO female mice experienced a significant increase in MAP in response to HS/DOCP. Importantly, however, both genotypes maintained a >10% dip in BP on HS/DOCP. This effect is distinct from the nondipping hypertension seen in male Per1-KO mice, demonstrating that the female sex appears to be protective against PER1-mediated nondipping hypertension in response to HS/DOCP. Together, these data suggest that PER1 acts in a sex-dependent manner in the regulation of cardiovascular rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kristen Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - G Ryan Crislip
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sarah H Masten
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Amber H Miller
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Research, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida.,Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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29
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Nakashima A, Kawamoto T, Noshiro M, Ueno T, Doi S, Honda K, Maruhashi T, Noma K, Honma S, Masaki T, Higashi Y, Kato Y. Dec1 and CLOCK Regulate Na +/K +-ATPase β1 Subunit Expression and Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2018; 72:746-754. [PMID: 30012868 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure shows a circadian rhythm, and recent studies have suggested the involvement of a molecular clock system in its control. In the clock system, the CLOCK (circadian locomotor output cycles kaput):BMAL1 (brain and muscle aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein-1) heterodimer enhances promoter activity of clock genes, and DEC1 (BHLHE40/STRA13/SHARP-2) represses CLOCK/BMAL1-enhanced promoter activity through competition for binding to the clock element, CACGTG E-box. However, the molecular mechanisms by which this system regulates blood pressure remain unclear. Here, we show that DEC1 suppressed the expression of ATP1B1, which encodes the β1 subunit of the Na+/K+-ATPase and elevated blood pressure. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation-on-chip analyses, we found that DEC1 and CLOCK bound to E-boxes in the ATP1B1 promoter. Luciferase assays revealed that CLOCK:BMAL1 heterodimer enhanced transcription from the ATP1B1 promoter, whereas DEC1 suppressed this transactivation. Accordingly, Atp1b1 mRNA and protein levels in mouse kidney, aorta, and heart showed a circadian rhythm that was antiphasic to the blood pressure rhythm. Furthermore, Dec1-deficient mice showed enhanced Atp1b1 expression in these tissues and reduced blood pressure. In contrast, Clock-mutant mice showed reduced Atp1b1 expression and elevated blood pressure. Our results raise the possibility that transcriptional regulation of Atp1b1 by DEC1 and CLOCK:BMAL1 contributes to blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumu Nakashima
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine (A.N.)
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Takeshi Kawamoto
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Mitsuhide Noshiro
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | | | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Kiyomasa Honda
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
| | - Tatsuya Maruhashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (T. Maruhashi), Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Kensuke Noma
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (S.H.)
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology (A.N., T.U., S.D., T. Masaki)
| | - Yukihito Higashi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Regeneration and Medicine, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (A.N., K.N., Y.H.)
- Division of Regeneration and Medicine, Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research (K.N., Y.H.), Hiroshima University Hospital, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Department of Dental and Medical Biochemistry (T.K., M.N., K.H., Y.K.)
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30
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Škrlec I, Milic J, Heffer M, Peterlin B, Wagner J. Genetic variations in circadian rhythm genes and susceptibility for myocardial infarction. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:403-409. [PMID: 29767668 PMCID: PMC6082246 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of endogenous circadian rhythms has been shown to increase the risk of developing myocardial infarction (MI), suggesting that circadian genes might play a role in determining disease susceptibility. We conducted a case-control study on 200 patients hospitalized due to MI and 200 healthy controls, investigating the association between MI and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four circadian genes (ARNTL, CLOCK, CRY2, and PER2). The variants of all four genes were chosen based on their previously reported association with cardiovascular risk factors, which have a major influence on the occurrence of myocardial infarction. Statistically significant differences, assessed through Chi-square analysis, were found in genotype distribution between cases and controls of the PER2 gene rs35333999 (p=0.024) and the CRY2 gene rs2292912 (p=0.028); the corresponding unadjusted odds ratios, also significant, were respectively OR=0.49 (95% CI 0.26-0.91) and OR=0.32 (95% CI 0.11-0.89). Our data suggest that genetic variability in the CRY2 and PER2 genes might be associated with myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Škrlec
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekFaculty of Dental Medicine and
HealthCroatiaFaculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J.
J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
- Send correspondence to Ivana Škrlec. Department of Medical Biology
and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Josipa Huttlera 4, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
E-mail:
| | - Jakov Milic
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
| | - Marija Heffer
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
| | - Borut Peterlin
- University Medical Center
LjubljanaUniversity Medical Center
LjubljanaClinical Institute of Medical
GeneticsSloveniaClinical Institute of Medical Genetics,
University Medical Center Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jasenka Wagner
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekDepartment of Medical Biology and
GeneticsCroatiaDepartment of Medical Biology and Genetics,
Faculty of Medicine, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek,
Croatia
- University of OsijekUniversity of OsijekFaculty of Dental Medicine and
HealthCroatiaFaculty of Dental Medicine and Health, J.
J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, Croatia
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31
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Ishii T, Warabi E, Mann GE. Circadian control of p75 neurotrophin receptor leads to alternate activation of Nrf2 and c-Rel to reset energy metabolism in astrocytes via brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:34-44. [PMID: 29374533 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian clock genes regulate energy metabolism partly through neurotrophins in the body. The low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR is a clock component directly regulated by the transcriptional factor Clock:Bmal1 complex. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is expressed in the brain and plays a key role in coordinating metabolic interactions between neurons and astrocytes. BDNF transduces signals through TrkB and p75NTR receptors. This review highlights a novel molecular mechanism by which BDNF via circadian control of p75NTR leads to daily resetting of glucose and glycogen metabolism in brain astrocytes to accommodate their functional interaction with neurons. Astrocytes store glycogen as an energy reservoir to provide active neurons with the glycolytic metabolite lactate. Astrocytes predominantly express the truncated receptor TrkB.T1 which lacks an intracellular receptor tyrosine kinase domain. TrkB.T1 retains the capacity to regulate cell morphology through regulation of Rho GTPases. In contrast, p75NTR mediates generation of the bioactive lipid ceramide upon stimulation with BDNF and inhibits PKA activation. As ceramide directly activates PKCζ, we discuss the importance of the TrkB.T1-p75NTR-ceramide-PKCζ signaling axis in the stimulation of glycogen and lipid synthesis and activation of RhoA. Ceramide-PKCζ-casein kinase 2 signaling activates Nrf2 to support oxidative phosphorylation via upregulation of antioxidant enzymes. In the absence of p75NTR, TrkB.T1 functionally interacts with adenosine A2AR and dopamine D1R receptors to enhance cAMP-PKA signaling and activate Rac1 and NF-κB c-Rel, favoring glycogen hydrolysis, gluconeogenesis and aerobic glycolysis. Thus, diurnal changes in p75NTR levels in astrocytes resets energy metabolism via BDNF to accommodate their metabolic interaction with neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Ishii
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan.
| | - Eiji Warabi
- School of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0863, Japan
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
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32
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Douma LG, Gumz ML. Circadian clock-mediated regulation of blood pressure. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 119:108-114. [PMID: 29198725 PMCID: PMC5910276 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Most bodily functions vary over the course of a 24h day. Circadian rhythms in body temperature, sleep-wake cycles, metabolism, and blood pressure (BP) are just a few examples. These circadian rhythms are controlled by the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks located throughout the body. Light and food cues entrain these clocks to the time of day and this synchronicity contributes to the regulation of a variety of physiological processes with effects on overall health. The kidney, brain, nervous system, vasculature, and heart have been identified through the use of mouse models and clinical trials as peripheral clock regulators of BP. The dysregulation of this circadian pattern of BP, with or without hypertension, is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The mechanism of this dysregulation is unknown and is a growing area of research. In this review, we highlight research of human and mouse circadian models that has provided insight into the roles of these molecular clocks and their effects on physiological functions. Additional tissue-specific studies of the molecular clock mechanism are needed, as well as clinical studies including more diverse populations (different races, female patients, etc.), which will be critical to fully understand the mechanism of circadian regulation of BP. Understanding how these molecular clocks regulate the circadian rhythm of BP is critical in the treatment of circadian BP dysregulation and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren G Douma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Potucek P, Radik M, Doka G, Kralova E, Krenek P, Klimas J. mRNA levels of circadian clock components Bmal1 and Per2 alter independently from dosing time-dependent efficacy of combination treatment with valsartan and amlodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2017; 39:754-763. [PMID: 28665713 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2017.1324480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronopharmacological effects of antihypertensives play a role in the outcome of hypertension therapy. However, studies produce contradictory findings when combination of valsartan plus amlodipine (VA) is applied. Here, we hypothesized different efficacy of morning versus evening dosing of VA in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the involvement of circadian clock genes Bmal1 and Per2. We tested the therapy outcome in short-term and also long-term settings. SHRs aged between 8 and 10 weeks were treated with 10 mg/kg of valsartan and 4 mg/kg of amlodipine, either in the morning or in the evening with treatment duration 1 or 6 weeks and compared with parallel placebo groups. After short-term treatment, only morning dosing resulted in significant blood pressure (BP) control (measured by tail-cuff method) when compared to placebo, while after long-term treatment, both dosing groups gained similar superior results in BP control against placebo. However, mRNA levels of Bmal1 and Per2 (measured by RT-PCR) exhibited an independent pattern, with similar alterations in left and right ventricle, kidney as well as in aorta predominantly in groups with evening dosing in both, short-term and also long-term settings. This was accompanied by increased cardiac mRNA expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. In summary, morning dosing proved to be advantageous due to earlier onset of antihypertensive action; however, long-term treatment was demonstrated to be effective regardless of administration time. Our findings also suggest that combination of VA may serve as an independent modulator of circadian clock and might influence disease progression beyond the primary BP lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Potucek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Michal Radik
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Gabriel Doka
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Kralova
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Krenek
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Klimas
- a Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Department Pharmacology and Toxicology , Comenius University Bratislava , Bratislava , Slovak Republic
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Lee H, Nah SS, Chang SH, Kim HK, Kwon JT, Lee S, Cho IH, Lee SW, Kim YO, Hong SJ, Kim HJ. PER2 is downregulated by the LPS-induced inflammatory response in synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis and is implicated in disease susceptibility. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:422-428. [PMID: 28498398 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) present with circadian variation, with joint stiffness and pain more prominent in the early morning. The mammalian clock genes, which include circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, brain and muscle Arnt-like protein 1, period and cryptochrome, regulate circadian rhythms. In order to identify the association between genetic polymorphisms in the circadian clock gene period 2 (PER2) and RA, the present study genotyped three PER2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs934945, rs6754875, and rs2304674, using genetic information from 256 RA patients and 499 control subjects. Primary cultured rheumatoid synovial cells were stimulated with 10 µM lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total protein was then extracted from the synovial cells following 12 and 24 h, and PER2 protein expression was assayed by immunoblotting. The rs2304674 SNP demonstrated a significant association with susceptibility to RA following Bonferroni correction. However, statistical analysis indicated that the SNPs were not associated with any clinical features of patients with RA. Immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that PER2 protein expression was decreased by LPS‑induced inflammation in RA synovial cells; however, this was not observed in normal synovial cells. The results suggest that the PER2 gene may be a risk factor for RA, and expression of the PER2 protein may be affected by inflammation. Therefore, PER2 may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwayoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Su Nah
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hae Chang
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ki Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Tack Kwon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung‑Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Program and Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong, Chungcheongbuk 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Development of Ginseng and Medical Plants Research Institute, Rural Administration, Eumseong, Chungcheongbuk 27709, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Hong
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea
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Akashi M, Matsumura R, Matsuo T, Kubo Y, Komoda H, Node K. Hypercholesterolemia Causes Circadian Dysfunction: A Potential Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. EBioMedicine 2017; 20:127-136. [PMID: 28499924 PMCID: PMC5478205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a well-known risk factor for a wide range of diseases in developed countries. Here, we report that mice lacking functional LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), an animal model of human familial hypercholesterolemia, show circadian abnormalities. In free running behavioral experiments in constant darkness, these mice showed a prolonged active phase and distinctly bimodal rhythms. Even when the circadian rhythms were entrained by light and dark cycles, these mice showed a significant attenuation of behavioral onset intensity at the start of the dark period. Further, we hypothesized that the combination of hypercholesterolemia and circadian abnormalities may affect cardiovascular disease progression. To examine this possibility, we generated LDLR-deficient mice with impaired circadian rhythms by simultaneously introducing a mutation into Period2, a core clock gene, and found that these mice showed a significant enlargement of artery plaque area with an increase in inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels. These results suggest that circadian dysfunction may be associated with the development or progression of cardiovascular diseases. Mice lacking LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), a mouse model for hypercholesterolemia, show circadian abnormalities. LDLR-deficient mice with a mutation in Period2, a core clock gene, show a significant enlargement of artery plaque area. Per2 mutation-induced increase in plasma inflammatory cytokines may cause modification of arteriosclerosis.
Hypercholesterolemia is a common pathology in advanced countries, occurring in 10% to 30% of the population. Here, we report that mice lacking LDLR (low density lipoprotein receptor), an animal model for hypercholesterolemia, experienced chronic circadian abnormalities. Further, we found that LDLR-deficient mice with a mutation in Period2, a clock gene, showed a significant enlargement of artery plaque area. Together, our findings indicate that hypercholesterolemia induces circadian abnormalities, leading to a decline in the quality of social life and an increase in the risk of circadian-related diseases, and that circadian dysfunction might affect the development or progression of hypercholesterolemia-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Akashi
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan.
| | - Ritsuko Matsumura
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsuo
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- The Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Komoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University, 5-1-1 Nabeshima, Saga 849-8501, Japan
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36
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Kroetsch JT, Levy AS, Zhang H, Aschar-Sobbi R, Lidington D, Offermanns S, Nedospasov SA, Backx PH, Heximer SP, Bolz SS. Constitutive smooth muscle tumour necrosis factor regulates microvascular myogenic responsiveness and systemic blood pressure. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14805. [PMID: 28378814 PMCID: PMC5382284 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a ubiquitously expressed cytokine with functions beyond the immune system. In several diseases, the induction of TNF expression in resistance artery smooth muscle cells enhances microvascular myogenic vasoconstriction and perturbs blood flow. This pathological role prompted our hypothesis that constitutively expressed TNF regulates myogenic signalling and systemic haemodynamics under non-pathological settings. Here we show that acutely deleting the TNF gene in smooth muscle cells or pharmacologically scavenging TNF with etanercept (ETN) reduces blood pressure and resistance artery myogenic responsiveness; the latter effect is conserved across five species, including humans. Changes in transmural pressure are transduced into intracellular signals by membrane-bound TNF (mTNF) that connect to a canonical myogenic signalling pathway. Our data positions mTNF 'reverse signalling' as an integral element of a microvascular mechanosensor; pathologic or therapeutic perturbations of TNF signalling, therefore, necessarily affect microvascular tone and systemic haemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T Kroetsch
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1M1
| | - Andrew S Levy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1M1.,Keenan Research Centre at St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8
| | - Hangjun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8
| | - Roozbeh Aschar-Sobbi
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, R. Fraser Elliott Building, 1st Floor, 190 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4
| | - Darcy Lidington
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1M1
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany.,Centre for Molecular Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main 60590, Germany
| | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology and Lemonosov Moscow State University, 32 Vavilov Street, Moscow 119991, Russia.,German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Chariteplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Peter H Backx
- Division of Cardiology, University Health Network, R. Fraser Elliott Building, 1st Floor, 190 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C4.,Heart &Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queens Park Cresc. West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H2.,Department of Biology, York University, Farquharson Building, 110 Campus Walk, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M3J 2S5
| | - Scott P Heximer
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Heart &Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queens Park Cresc. West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H2
| | - Steffen-Sebastian Bolz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8.,Toronto Centre for Microvascular Medicine at TBEP, University of Toronto, 661 University Avenue, 14th floor, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1M1.,Keenan Research Centre at St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 1W8.,Heart &Stroke/Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence for Cardiovascular Research, University of Toronto, C. David Naylor Building, 6 Queens Park Cresc. West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H2
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37
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Gubin DG, Weinert D, Rybina SV, Danilova LA, Solovieva SV, Durov AM, Prokopiev NY, Ushakov PA. Activity, sleep and ambient light have a different impact on circadian blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature rhythms. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:632-649. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1288632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. G. Gubin
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - D. Weinert
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology/Zoology, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - S. V. Rybina
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - L. A. Danilova
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - S. V. Solovieva
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - A. M. Durov
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
- Department of Physical Culture and Sports, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - N. Y. Prokopiev
- Department of Physical Culture and Sports, Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - P. A. Ushakov
- Department of Biology, Tyumen Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
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38
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Shang X, Pati P, Anea CB, Fulton DJ, Rudic RD. Differential Regulation of BMAL1, CLOCK, and Endothelial Signaling in the Aortic Arch and Ligated Common Carotid Artery. J Vasc Res 2016; 53:269-278. [PMID: 27923220 PMCID: PMC5765856 DOI: 10.1159/000452410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is rhythmically expressed in blood vessels, but the interaction between the circadian clock and disturbed blood flow remains unclear. We examined the relationships between BMAL1 and CLOCK and 2 regulators of endothelial function, AKT1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), in vascular regions of altered blood flow. We found that the aortic arch from WT mice exhibited reduced sensitivity to acetylcholine (Ach)-mediated relaxation relative to the thoracic aorta. In Clock-mutant (mut) mice the aorta exhibited a reduced sensitivity to Ach. In WT mice, the phosphorylated forms of eNOS and AKT were decreased in the aortic arch, while BMAL1 and CLOCK expression followed a similar pattern of reduction in the arch. In conditions of surgically induced flow reduction, phosphorylated-eNOS (serine 1177) increased, as did p-AKT in the ipsilateral left common carotid artery (LC) of WT mice. Similarly, BMAL1 and CLOCK exhibited increased expression after 5 days in the remodeled LC. eNOS expression was increased at 8 p.m. versus 8 a.m. in WT mice, and this pattern was abolished in mut and Bmal1-KO mice. These data suggest that the circadian clock may be a biomechanical and temporal sensor that acts to coordinate timing, flow dynamics, and endothelial function.
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MESH Headings
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/deficiency
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/genetics
- ARNTL Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- CLOCK Proteins/genetics
- CLOCK Proteins/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery, External/metabolism
- Carotid Artery, External/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery, External/surgery
- Circadian Rhythm
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Genotype
- Ligation
- Male
- Mechanotransduction, Cellular
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Mutation
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Regional Blood Flow
- Stress, Mechanical
- Time Factors
- Vasodilation
- Vasodilator Agents/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Shang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Paramita Pati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ciprian B. Anea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - David J.R. Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - R. Daniel Rudic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Pati P, Fulton DJR, Bagi Z, Chen F, Wang Y, Kitchens J, Cassis LA, Stepp DW, Rudic RD. Low-Salt Diet and Circadian Dysfunction Synergize to Induce Angiotensin II-Dependent Hypertension in Mice. Hypertension 2016; 67:661-8. [PMID: 26781276 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood pressure exhibits a robust circadian rhythm in health. In hypertension, sleep apnea, and even shift work, this balanced rhythm is perturbed via elevations in night-time blood pressure, inflicting silent damage to the vasculature and body organs. Herein, we examined the influence of circadian dysfunction during experimental hypertension in mice. Using radiotelemetry to measure ambulatory blood pressure and activity, the effects of angiotensin II administration were studied in wild-type (WT) and period isoform knockout (KO) mice (Per2-KO, Per2, 3-KO, and Per1, 2, 3-KO/Per triple KO [TKO] mice). On a normal diet, administration of angiotensin II caused nondipping blood pressure and exacerbated vascular hypertrophy in the Period isoform KO mice relative to WT mice. To study the endogenous effects of angiotensin II stimulation, we then administered a low-salt diet to the mice, which does stimulate endogenous angiotensin II in addition to lowering blood pressure. A low-salt diet decreased blood pressure in wild-type mice. In contrast, Period isoform KO mice lost their circadian rhythm in blood pressure on a low-salt diet, because of an increase in resting blood pressure, which was restorable to rhythmicity by the angiotensin receptor blocker losartan. Chronic administration of low salt caused vascular hypertrophy in Period isoform KO mice, which also exhibited increased renin levels and altered angiotensin 1 receptor expression. These data suggest that circadian clock genes may act to inhibit or control renin/angiotensin signaling. Moreover, circadian disorders such as sleep apnea and shift work may alter the homeostatic responses to sodium restriction to potentially influence nocturnal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramita Pati
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - David J R Fulton
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Zsolt Bagi
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Feng Chen
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Yusi Wang
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Julia Kitchens
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - David W Stepp
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.)
| | - R Daniel Rudic
- From the Departments of Pharmacology and Toxicology (P.P., D.J.R.F., J.K., R.D.R.), Medicine (Z.B.), and Physiology (D.W.S.), Vascular Biology Center (D.J.R.F., Z.B., F.C., Y.W., D.W.S.), Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University; and Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington (L.A.C.).
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40
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Dashti HS, Aslibekyan S, Scheer FAJL, Smith CE, Lamon-Fava S, Jacques P, Lai CQ, Tucker KL, Arnett DK, Ordovás JM. Clock Genes Explain a Large Proportion of Phenotypic Variance in Systolic Blood Pressure and This Control Is Not Modified by Environmental Temperature. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:132-40. [PMID: 26045533 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diurnal variation in blood pressure (BP) is regulated, in part, by an endogenous circadian clock; however, few human studies have identified associations between clock genes and BP. Accounting for environmental temperature may be necessary to correct for seasonal bias. METHODS We examined whether environmental temperature on the day of participants' assessment was associated with BP, using adjusted linear regression models in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) (n = 819) and the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS) (n = 1,248) cohorts. We estimated phenotypic variance in BP by 18 clock genes and examined individual single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations with BP using an additive genetic model, with further consideration of environmental temperature. RESULTS In GOLDN, each additional 1 °C increase in environmental temperature was associated with 0.18 mm Hg lower systolic BP [SBP; β ± SE = -0.18 ± 0.05 mm Hg; P = 0.0001] and 0.10mm Hg lower diastolic BP [DBP; -0.10 ± 0.03 mm Hg; P = 0.001]. Similar results were seen in the BPRHS for SBP only. Clock genes explained a statistically significant proportion of the variance in SBP [V G/V P ± SE = 0.071 ± 0.03; P = 0.001] in GOLDN, but not in the BPRHS, and we did not observe associations between individual SNPs and BP. Environmental temperature did not influence the identified genetic associations. CONCLUSIONS We identified clock genes that explained a statistically significant proportion of the phenotypic variance in SBP, supporting the importance of the circadian pathway underlying cardiac physiology. Although temperature was associated with BP, it did not affect results with genetic markers in either study. Therefore, it does not appear that temperature measures are necessary for interpreting associations between clock genes and BP. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Trials related to this study were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00083369 (Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Triglycerides) and NCT01231958 (Boston Puerto Rican Health Study).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA;
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caren E Smith
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paul Jacques
- Nutritional Epidemiology Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Donna K Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - José M Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación (IMDEA-FOOD), Madrid, Spain
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41
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Molcan L, Vesela A, Zeman M. Influences of phase delay shifts of light and food restriction on blood pressure and heart rate in telemetry monitored rats. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1103945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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42
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Abstract
Since the kidney is integral to maintenance of fluid and ion homeostasis, and therefore blood pressure regulation, its proper function is paramount. Circadian fluctuations in blood pressure, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, and sodium and water excretion have been documented for decades, if not longer. Recent studies on the role of circadian clock proteins in the regulation of a variety of renal transport genes suggest that the molecular clock in the kidney controls circadian fluctuations in renal function. The circadian clock appears to be a critical regulator of renal function with important implications for the treatment of renal pathologies, which include chronic kidney disease and hypertension. The development, regulation, and mechanism of the kidney clock are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FloridaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FloridaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Solocinski K, Richards J, All S, Cheng KY, Khundmiri SJ, Gumz ML. Transcriptional regulation of NHE3 and SGLT1 by the circadian clock protein Per1 in proximal tubule cells. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2015; 309:F933-42. [PMID: 26377793 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00197.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the circadian clock protein period (Per)1 coordinately regulates multiple genes involved in Na(+) reabsorption in renal collecting duct cells. Consistent with these results, Per1 knockout mice exhibit dramatically lower blood pressure than wild-type mice. The proximal tubule is responsible for a majority of Na(+) reabsorption. Previous work has demonstrated that expression of Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) oscillates with a circadian pattern and Na(+)-glucose cotransporter (SGLT)1 has been demonstrated to be a circadian target in the colon, but whether these target genes are regulated by Per1 has not been investigated in the kidney. The goal of the present study was to determine if Per1 regulates the expression of NHE3, SGLT1, and SGLT2 in the kidney. Pharmacological blockade of nuclear Per1 entry resulted in decreased mRNA expression of SGLT1 and NHE3 but not SGLT2 in the renal cortex of mice. Per1 small interfering RNA and pharmacological blockade of Per1 nuclear entry in human proximal tubule HK-2 cells yielded the same results. Examination of heterogeneous nuclear RNA suggested that the effects of Per1 on NHE3 and SGLT1 expression occurred at the level of transcription. Per1 and the circadian protein CLOCK were detected at promoters of NHE3 and SGLT1. Importantly, both membrane and intracellular protein levels of NHE3 and SGLT1 were decreased after blockade of nuclear Per1 entry. This effect was associated with reduced activity of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. These data demonstrate a role for Per1 in the transcriptional regulation of NHE3 and SGLT1 in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Solocinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Jacob Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Sean All
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kit-Yan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Syed J Khundmiri
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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44
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Wen M, Jiang X, She H, Han C, Pei Z, Cai Y, Zhang T. The Per2polymorphism rs10462023 is associated with the risk of stroke in a Chinese population. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2015.1026675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Abstract
The circadian clock plays an integral role in the regulation of physiological processes, including the regulation of blood pressure. However, deregulation of the clock can lead to pathophysiological states including hypertension. Recent work has implicated the circadian clock genes in the regulation of processes in the heart, kidney, vasculature, and the metabolic organs, which are all critical in the regulation of the blood pressure. The goal of this review is to provide an introduction and general overview into the role of circadian clock genes in the regulation of blood pressure with a focus on their deregulation in the etiology of hypertension. This review will focus on the core circadian clock genes CLOCK, BMAL1, Per, and Cry.
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46
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Kurtz TW, Lujan HL, DiCarlo SE. The 24 h pattern of arterial pressure in mice is determined mainly by heart rate-driven variation in cardiac output. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/11/e12223. [PMID: 25428952 PMCID: PMC4255824 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have systematically investigated whether daily patterns of arterial blood pressure over 24 h are mediated by changes in cardiac output, peripheral resistance, or both. Understanding the hemodynamic mechanisms that determine the 24 h patterns of blood pressure may lead to a better understanding of how such patterns become disturbed in hypertension and influence risk for cardiovascular events. In conscious, unrestrained C57BL/6J mice, we investigated whether the 24 h pattern of arterial blood pressure is determined by variation in cardiac output, systemic vascular resistance, or both and also whether variations in cardiac output are mediated by variations in heart rate and or stroke volume. As expected, arterial pressure and locomotor activity were significantly (P < 0.05) higher during the nighttime period compared with the daytime period when mice are typically sleeping (+12.5 ± 1.0 mmHg, [13%] and +7.7 ± 1.3 activity counts, [254%], respectively). The higher arterial pressure during the nighttime period was mediated by higher cardiac output (+2.6 ± 0.3 mL/min, [26%], P < 0.05) in association with lower peripheral resistance (-1.5 ± 0.3 mmHg/mL/min, [-13%] P < 0.05). The increased cardiac output during the nighttime was mainly mediated by increased heart rate (+80.0 ± 16.5 beats/min, [18%] P < 0.05), as stroke volume increased minimally at night (+1.6 ± 0.5 μL per beat, [6%] P < 0.05). These results indicate that in C57BL/6J mice, the 24 h pattern of blood pressure is hemodynamically mediated primarily by the 24 h pattern of cardiac output which is almost entirely determined by the 24 h pattern of heart rate. These findings suggest that the differences in blood pressure between nighttime and daytime are mainly driven by differences in heart rate which are strongly correlated with differences in locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore W Kurtz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Heidi L Lujan
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Stephen E DiCarlo
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
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47
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Leu HB, Chung CM, Lin SJ, Chiang KM, Yang HC, Ho HY, Ting CT, Lin TH, Sheu SH, Tsai WC, Chen JH, Yin WH, Chiu TY, Chen CI, Fann CS, Chen YT, Pan WH, Chen JW. Association of circadian genes with diurnal blood pressure changes and non-dipper essential hypertension: a genetic association with young-onset hypertension. Hypertens Res 2014; 38:155-62. [PMID: 25410879 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2014.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that circadian genes have important roles in maintaining the circadian rhythm of the cardiovascular system. However, the associations between diurnal BP changes and circadian genes remain undetermined. We conducted a genetic association study of young-onset hypertension, in which 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring was performed. A total of 23 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on 11 genes involved in circadian rhythms were genotyped for correlations with diurnal BP variation phenotypes. A permutation test was used to correct for multiple testing. Five tag SNPs within five loci, including rs3888170 in NPAS2, rs6431590 in PER2, rs1410225 in RORββ, rs3816358 in BMAL1 and rs10519096 in RORα, were significantly associated with the non-dipper phenotype in 372 young hypertensive patients. A genetic risk score was generated by counting the risk alleles and effects for each individual. Genotyping was performed in an additional independent set of 619 young-onset hypertensive subjects. Altogether, non-dippers had a higher weighted genetic risk score than dippers (1.67±0.56 vs. 1.54±0.55, P<0.001), and the additive genetic risk score also indicated a graded association with decreased diurnal BP changes (P=0.006), as well as a non-dipper phenotype (P=0.031). After multivariable logistic analysis, only the circadian genetic risk score (odds ratio (OR), 1550; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.225-1.961, P<0.001) and the use of β-blockers (OR, 1.519; 95% CI, 1.164-1.982, P=0.003) were independently associated with the presence of non-dippers among subjects with young-onset hypertension. Genetic variants in circadian genes were associated with the diurnal phenotype of hypertension, suggesting a genetic association with diurnal BP changes in essential hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Bang Leu
- 1] Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Heath Care and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [3] Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Chung
- 1] Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Environment-Omics-Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan [3] Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- 1] Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Mao Chiang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chou Yang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yun Ho
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Tai Ting
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Kaohsiung Medical University Chung-Ho Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jyh-Hong Chen
- National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Cheng Hsin Rehabilitation Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Cathy Sj Fann
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Tsong Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Harn Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- 1] Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan [2] Divison of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan [3] Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Virag JAI, Lust RM. Circadian influences on myocardial infarction. Front Physiol 2014; 5:422. [PMID: 25400588 PMCID: PMC4214187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of circadian rhythm maintenance, or "clock genes," are endogenous entrainable oscillations of about 24 h that regulate biological processes and are found in the suprachaismatic nucleus (SCN) and many peripheral tissues, including the heart. They are influenced by external cues, or Zeitgebers, such as light and heat, and can influence such diverse phenomena as cytokine expression immune cells, metabolic activity of cardiac myocytes, and vasodilator regulation by vascular endothelial cells. While it is known that the central master clock in the SCN synchronizes peripheral physiologic rhythms, the mechanisms by which the information is transmitted are complex and may include hormonal, metabolic, and neuronal inputs. Whether circadian patterns are causally related to the observed periodicity of events, or whether they are simply epi-phenomena is not well established, but a few studies suggest that the circadian effects likely are real in their impact on myocardial infarct incidence. Cycle disturbances may be harbingers of predisposition and subsequent response to acute and chronic cardiac injury, and identifying the complex interactions of circadian rhythms and myocardial infarction may provide insights into possible preventative and therapeutic strategies for susceptible populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
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49
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Tokonami N, Mordasini D, Pradervand S, Centeno G, Jouffe C, Maillard M, Bonny O, Gachon F, Gomez RA, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Firsov D. Local renal circadian clocks control fluid-electrolyte homeostasis and BP. J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 25:1430-9. [PMID: 24652800 PMCID: PMC4073428 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2013060641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian timing system is critically involved in the maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance and BP control. However, the role of peripheral circadian clocks in these homeostatic mechanisms remains unknown. We addressed this question in a mouse model carrying a conditional allele of the circadian clock gene Bmal1 and expressing Cre recombinase under the endogenous Renin promoter (Bmal1(lox/lox)/Ren1(d)Cre mice). Analysis of Bmal1(lox/lox)/Ren1(d)Cre mice showed that the floxed Bmal1 allele was excised in the kidney. In the kidney, BMAL1 protein expression was absent in the renin-secreting granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus and the collecting duct. A partial reduction of BMAL1 expression was observed in the medullary thick ascending limb. Functional analyses showed that Bmal1(lox/lox)/Ren1(d)Cre mice exhibited multiple abnormalities, including increased urine volume, changes in the circadian rhythm of urinary sodium excretion, increased GFR, and significantly reduced plasma aldosterone levels. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in BP. These results show that local renal circadian clocks control body fluid and BP homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Pradervand
- Genomic Technologies Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Céline Jouffe
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Maillard
- Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Olivier Bonny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Service of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland; and
| | - Frédéric Gachon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Sun YY, Bai WW, Wang B, Lu XT, Xing YF, Cheng W, Liu XQ, Zhao YX. Period 2 is essential to maintain early endothelial progenitor cell function in vitro and angiogenesis after myocardial infarction in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:907-18. [PMID: 24621388 PMCID: PMC4119396 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapeutic neovascularization has been successfully performed in clinical trials for patients with ischaemia diseases. Despite the vast knowledge of cardiovascular disease and circadian biology, the role of the circadian clock in regulating angiogenesis in myocardial infarction (MI) remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanisms of Period 2 (Per2) in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) function. Flow cytometry revealed lower circulating EPC proportion in per2−/− than in wild-type (WT) mice. PER2 was abundantly expressed in early EPCs in mice. In vitro, EPCs from per2−/− mice showed impaired proliferation, migration, tube formation and adhesion. Western blot analysis demonstrated inhibited PI3k/Akt/FoxO signalling and reduced C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) protein level in EPCs of per2−/− mice. The impaired proliferation was blocked by activated PI3K/Akt/FoxO signalling. Direct interaction of CXCR4 and PER2 was detected in WT EPCs. To further study the effect of per2 on in vivo EPC survival and angiogenesis, we injected saline or DiI-labelled WT or per2−/− EPC intramyocardially into mice with induced MI. Per2−/− reduced the retention of transplanted EPCs in the myocardium, which was associated with significantly reduced DiI expression in the myocardium of MI mice. Decreased angiogenesis in the myocardium of per2−/− EPC-treated mice coincided with decreased LV function and increased infarct size in the myocardium. Per2 may be a key factor in maintaining EPC function in vitro and in therapeutic angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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