1
|
Cabello MC, Chen G, Melville MJ, Osman R, Kumar GD, Domaille DW, Lippert AR. Ex Tenebris Lux: Illuminating Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species with Small Molecule Probes. Chem Rev 2024; 124:9225-9375. [PMID: 39137397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species are small reactive molecules derived from elements in the air─oxygen and nitrogen. They are produced in biological systems to mediate fundamental aspects of cellular signaling but must be very tightly balanced to prevent indiscriminate damage to biological molecules. Small molecule probes can transmute the specific nature of each reactive oxygen and nitrogen species into an observable luminescent signal (or even an acoustic wave) to offer sensitive and selective imaging in living cells and whole animals. This review focuses specifically on small molecule probes for superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorite, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite that provide a luminescent or photoacoustic signal. Important background information on general photophysical phenomena, common probe designs, mechanisms, and imaging modalities will be provided, and then, probes for each analyte will be thoroughly evaluated. A discussion of the successes of the field will be presented, followed by recommendations for improvement and a future outlook of emerging trends. Our objectives are to provide an informative, useful, and thorough field guide to small molecule probes for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species as well as important context to compare the ecosystem of chemistries and molecular scaffolds that has manifested within the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maidileyvis C Cabello
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Gen Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - Michael J Melville
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Rokia Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| | - G Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Dylan W Domaille
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alexander R Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0314, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mori MP, Penjweini R, Ma J, Alspaugh G, Andreoni A, Kim YC, Wang PY, Knutson JR, Hwang PM. Mitochondrial respiration reduces exposure of the nucleus to oxygen. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103018. [PMID: 36796514 PMCID: PMC10011062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The endosymbiotic theory posits that ancient eukaryotic cells engulfed O2-consuming prokaryotes, which protected them against O2 toxicity. Previous studies have shown that cells lacking cytochrome c oxidase (COX), required for respiration, have increased DNA damage and reduced proliferation, which could be improved by reducing O2 exposure. With recently developed fluorescence lifetime microscopy (FLIM)-based probes demonstrating that the mitochondrial compartment has lower [O2] than the cytosol, we hypothesized that the perinuclear distribution of mitochondria in cells may create a barrier for O2 to access the nuclear core, potentially affecting cellular physiology and maintaining genomic integrity. To test this hypothesis, we utilized myoglobin (MB)-mCherry FLIM O2 sensors without subcellular targeting ("cytosol") or with targeting to the mitochondrion or nucleus for measuring their localized O2 homeostasis. Our results showed that, similar to the mitochondria, the nuclear [O2] was reduced by ∼20-40% compared to the cytosol under imposed O2 levels of ∼0.5-18.6%. Pharmacologic inhibition of respiration increased nuclear O2 levels, and reconstituting O2 consumption by COX reversed this increase. Similarly, genetic disruption of respiration by deleting SCO2, a gene essential for COX assembly, or restoring COX activity in SCO2-/- cells by transducing with SCO2 cDNA also replicated these changes in nuclear O2 levels. The results were further supported by the expression of genes known to be affected by cellular O2 availability. Our study reveals the potential for dynamic regulation of nuclear O2 levels by mitochondrial respiratory activity, which in turn could affect oxidative stress and cellular processes such as neurodegeneration and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Prates Mori
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Rozhin Penjweini
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Ma
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Greg Alspaugh
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alessio Andreoni
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Young-Chae Kim
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ping-Yuan Wang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jay R Knutson
- Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy and Biophotonics, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul M Hwang
- Cardiovascular Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Challenges of O 2 Detection in Biological Fluids: Classical Methods and Translation to Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415971. [PMID: 36555613 PMCID: PMC9786805 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) is deeply involved in preserving the life of cellular tissues and human beings due to its key role in cellular metabolism: its alterations may reflect important pathophysiological conditions. DO levels are measured to identify pathological conditions, explain pathophysiological mechanisms, and monitor the efficacy of therapeutic approaches. This is particularly relevant when the measurements are performed in vivo but also in contexts where a variety of biological and synthetic media are used, such as ex vivo organ perfusion. A reliable measurement of medium oxygenation ensures a high-quality process. It is crucial to provide a high-accuracy, real-time method for DO quantification, which could be robust towards different medium compositions and temperatures. In fact, biological fluids and synthetic clinical fluids represent a challenging environment where DO interacts with various compounds and can change continuously and dynamically, and further precaution is needed to obtain reliable results. This study aims to present and discuss the main oxygen detection and quantification methods, focusing on the technical needs for their translation to clinical practice. Firstly, we resumed all the main methodologies and advancements concerning dissolved oxygen determination. After identifying the main groups of all the available techniques for DO sensing based on their mechanisms and applicability, we focused on transferring the most promising approaches to a clinical in vivo/ex vivo setting.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Q, Hou K, Chen H, Zeng N, Wu Y. Nanotech Probes: A Revolution in Cancer Diagnosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:933125. [PMID: 35875155 PMCID: PMC9300983 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.933125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in nanotechnologies for cancer diagnosis and treatment have received considerable attention worldwide. Nanoparticles are being used to create nanodrugs and probes to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases, including cancer. Nanomedicines have unique advantages, such as increased surface-to-volume ratios, which enable them to interact with, absorb, and deliver small biomolecules to a very specific target, thereby improving the effectiveness of both probes and drugs. Nanoprobe biotechnology also plays an important role in the discovery of novel cancer biomarkers, and nanoprobes have become an important part of early clinical diagnosis of cancer. Various organic and inorganic nanomaterials have been developed as biomolecular carriers for the detection of disease biomarkers. Thus, we designed this review to evaluate the advances in nanoprobe technology in tumor diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ning Zeng
- *Correspondence: Yiping Wu, ; Ning Zeng,
| | - Yiping Wu
- *Correspondence: Yiping Wu, ; Ning Zeng,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui H, Wu S, Wang L, Sun X, Zhang H, Deng M, Tian Y. Magnetically Reusable and Well-dispersed Nanoparticles for Oxygen Detection in Water. J Fluoresc 2022; 32:1621-1627. [PMID: 35596853 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-02899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to synthesize magnetically well-dispersed nanosensors for detecting dissolved oxygen (DO) in water, and explore their biological applications. Firstly, we synthesized two kinds of magnetic nanoparticle with average sizes of approximately 82 nm by one-step emulsion polymerization: polystyrene magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Os1-PS) and polymethylmethacrylate magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Os1-PMMA). Both types of nanoparticle present good dispersibility and fluorescence stability. The nanoparticles could be used as oxygen sensors that exhibited a high DO-sensitivity response in the range 0-39.30 mg/L, with a strong linear relationship. The nanoparticles have good magnetic properties, and so they could be recycled by magnet for further use. Recovered Fe3O4@Os1-PS still presented high stability after continued use in oxygen sensing for one month. Furthermore, Fe3O4@Os1-PS was employed for detecting the bacterial oxygen consumption of Escherichia coli (E-coli) to monitor the metabolism of bacteria. The results show that Fe3O4@Os1-PS provide high biocompatibility and non-toxicity. Polystyrene magnetic nanoparticles therefore present significant potential for application in biological oxygen sensing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Cui
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Foshan Municipality Anti-counterfeiting Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, 510300, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangzhong Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Mengyu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Platelets in Fetal Growth Restriction: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxygen Metabolism, and Aggregation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040724. [PMID: 35203373 PMCID: PMC8870240 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is mainly caused by failure of the uteroplacental unit. The exact pathogenesis remains unclear. The cause is thought to be related to abnormal platelet activation, which may result in microthrombus formation in the small vessels of the placenta. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) may initiate the pathological process of platelet activation. This study aimed to evaluate selected platelet parameters in pregnancy complicated by FGR and relate them to the severity of hemodynamic abnormalities. A total of 135 women (pregnant with FGR, with an uncomplicated pregnancy, and non-pregnant) were enrolled to study different platelet parameters: count (PLT), mean volume (MPV), ROS levels, intracellular oxygen level, oxygen consumption, and aggregation indices. No abnormalities in PLT and MPV were found in the FGR group, although it revealed increased ROS levels in platelets, lower platelet oxygen consumption, and intraplatelet deprivation. Aggregation parameters were similar as in uncomplicated pregnancy. No significant relationships were observed between hemodynamic abnormalities and the studied parameters. Platelets in pregnancies complicated by FGR may reveal an impaired oxidative metabolism, which may, in turn, lead to oxidative stress and, consequently, to an impaired platelet function. This study adds to the understanding of the role of platelets in the etiology of FGR.
Collapse
|
7
|
Extracellular Oxygen Sensors Based on PtTFPP and Four-Arm Block Copolymers. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9204404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three four-arm amphiphilic block copolymers with different chain lengths, consisting of a hydrophilic chain of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrophobic segment of polycaprolactam (PCL), were synthesized and used to encapsulate the high-efficient and hydrophobic oxygen probe of platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) to form polymer micelles. This approach enabled the use of PtTFPP in aqueous solution for biosensing. Experimental results demonstrated that the particle sizes of these nano-oxygen sensors between 40.0 and 203.8 nm depend on the structures of block copolymers. PtTFPP in these micelles showed an effective quantum yield under nitrogen environment, ranging from 0.06 to 0.159. The new sensors are suitable for analyzing dissolved oxygen concentrations in the range of 0.04–39.3 mg/L by using the linear Stern–Volmer equation at room temperature. In addition, it has been shown that these sensors are capable of in situ monitoring the dissolved oxygens in the culture medium of E. coli and Romas cells during the respiration process, and distinguishing the drug activity of antibiotic ampicillin from that of antimycin A. This study showed that the use of these nanostructured multi-arm block copolymer micelles can achieve efficient biological applications without specific structural modification of the hydrophobic PtTFPP probe, which is expected to have broad prospects.
Collapse
|
8
|
Yokoyama T, Taguchi A, Kubota H, Stewart NJ, Matsumoto S, Kirilyuk IA, Hirata H. Simultaneous T 2* mapping of 14N- and 15N-labeled dicarboxy-PROXYLs using CW-EPR-based single-point imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 305:122-130. [PMID: 31271927 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This article reports a method of simultaneous T2* mapping of 14N- and 15N-labeled dicarboxy-PROXYLs using 750-MHz continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR) imaging. To separate the spectra of 14N- and 15N-labeled dicarboxy-PROXYLs under magnetic field gradients, an optimization problem for spectral projections was formulated with the spatial total variation as a regularization term and solved using a local search based on the gradient descent algorithm. Using the single-point imaging (SPI) method with spectral projections of each radical, simultaneous T2* mapping was performed for solution samples. Simultaneous T2* mapping enabled visualization of the response of T2* values to the level of dissolved oxygen in the solution. Simultaneous T2* mapping applied to a mouse tumor model demonstrated the feasibility of the reported method for potential application to in vivo oxygenation imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahito Yokoyama
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Harue Kubota
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Neil J Stewart
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan
| | - Igor A Kirilyuk
- N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, 9, Ac. Lavrentieva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Hiroshi Hirata
- Division of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, North 14, West 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0814, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Delp J, Funke M, Rudolf F, Cediel A, Bennekou SH, van der Stel W, Carta G, Jennings P, Toma C, Gardner I, van de Water B, Forsby A, Leist M. Development of a neurotoxicity assay that is tuned to detect mitochondrial toxicants. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:1585-1608. [PMID: 31190196 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02473-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Many neurotoxicants affect energy metabolism in man, but currently available test methods may still fail to predict mito- and neurotoxicity. We addressed this issue using LUHMES cells, i.e., human neuronal precursors that easily differentiate into mature neurons. Within the NeuriTox assay, they have been used to screen for neurotoxicants. Our new approach is based on culturing the cells in either glucose or galactose (Glc-Gal-NeuriTox) as the main carbohydrate source during toxicity testing. Using this Glc-Gal-NeuriTox assay, 52 mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial toxicants were tested. The panel of chemicals comprised 11 inhibitors of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I (cI), 4 inhibitors of cII, 8 of cIII, and 2 of cIV; 8 toxicants were included as they are assumed to be mitochondrial uncouplers. In galactose, cells became more dependent on mitochondrial function, which made them 2-3 orders of magnitude more sensitive to various mitotoxicants. Moreover, galactose enhanced the specific neurotoxicity (destruction of neurites) compared to a general cytotoxicity (plasma membrane lysis) of the toxicants. The Glc-Gal-NeuriTox assay worked particularly well for inhibitors of cI and cIII, while the toxicity of uncouplers and non-mitochondrial toxicants did not differ significantly upon glucose ↔ galactose exchange. As a secondary assay, we developed a method to quantify the inhibition of all mitochondrial respiratory chain functions/complexes in LUHMES cells. The combination of the Glc-Gal-NeuriTox neurotoxicity screening assay with the mechanistic follow up of target site identification allowed both, a more sensitive detection of neurotoxicants and a sharper definition of the mode of action of mitochondrial toxicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Delp
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
- Cooperative Doctorate College InViTe, University of Konstanz, Constance, Germany
| | - Melina Funke
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Franziska Rudolf
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany
| | - Andrea Cediel
- Swetox Unit for Toxicological Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Giada Carta
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paul Jennings
- Division of Molecular and Computational Toxicology, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cosimo Toma
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via la Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Forsby
- Swetox Unit for Toxicological Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marcel Leist
- Chair for In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, Department of Inaugurated by the Doerenkamp-Zbinden Foundation, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, 78457, Constance, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li J, Qiao Y, Pan T, Zhong K, Wen J, Wu S, Su F, Tian Y. Amphiphilic Fluorine-Containing Block Copolymers as Carriers for Hydrophobic PtTFPP for Dissolved Oxygen Sensing, Cell Respiration Monitoring and In Vivo Hypoxia Imaging with High Quantum Efficiency and Long Lifetime. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113752. [PMID: 30400255 PMCID: PMC6263385 DOI: 10.3390/s18113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
New amphiphilic star or multi-arm block copolymers with different structures were synthesized for enabling the use of hydrophobic oxygen probe of platinum (II)-tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (PtTFPP) for bioanalysis. The amphiphilic star polymers were prepared through the Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP) method by using hydrophilic 4-arm polyethylene glycol (4-arm-PEG) as an initiator. Among the five block copolymers, P1 series (P1a, P1b, and P1c) and P3 possess fluorine-containing moieties to improve the oxygen sensitivity with its excellent capacity to dissolve and carry oxygen. A polymer P2 without fluorine units was also synthesized for comparison. The structure-property relationship was investigated. Under nitrogen atmosphere, high quantum efficiency of PtTFPP in fluorine-containing micelles could reach to 22% and long lifetime could reach to 76 μs. One kind of representative PtTFPP-containing micelles was used to detect the respiration of Escherichia coli (E. coli) JM109 and macrophage cell J774A.1 by a high throughput plate reader. In vivo hypoxic imaging of tumor-bearing mice was also achieved successfully. This study demonstrated that using well-designed fluoropolymers to load PtTFPP could achieve high oxygen sensing properties, and long lifetime, showing the great capability for further in vivo sensing and imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaze Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Nangang District, Harbin 150001, China.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yuan Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ke Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiaxing Wen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Light Chemical Technology College, Guangdong Industry Polytechnic, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510300, China.
| | - Fengyu Su
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yanqing Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Solomatina AI, Su SH, Lukina MM, Dudenkova VV, Shcheslavskiy VI, Wu CH, Chelushkin PS, Chou PT, Koshevoy IO, Tunik SP. Water-soluble cyclometalated platinum(ii) and iridium(iii) complexes: synthesis, tuning of the photophysical properties, and in vitro and in vivo phosphorescence lifetime imaging. RSC Adv 2018; 8:17224-17236. [PMID: 35539280 PMCID: PMC9080394 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02742k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents synthesis and photophysical investigation of cyclometalated water-soluble Pt(ii) and Ir(iii) complexes containing auxiliary sulfonated diphosphine (bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene (dppb), P^P*) ligand. The complexes demonstrate considerable variations in excitation (extending up to 450 nm) and emission bands (with maxima ranging from ca. 450 to ca. 650 nm), as well as in the sensitivity of excited state lifetimes to molecular oxygen (from almost negligible to more than 4-fold increase in degassed solution). Moreover, all the complexes possess high two-photon absorption cross sections (400–500 GM for Pt complexes, and 600–700 GM for Ir complexes). Despite their negative net charge, all the complexes demonstrate good uptake by HeLa cells and low cytotoxicity within the concentration and time ranges suitable for two-photon phosphorescence lifetime (PLIM) microscopy. The most promising complex, [(ppy)2Ir(sulfo-dppb)] (Ir1*), upon incubation in HeLa cells demonstrates two-fold lifetime variations under normal and nitrogen atmosphere, correspondingly. Moreover, its in vivo evaluation in athymic nude mice bearing HeLa tumors did not reveal acute toxicity upon both intravenous and topical injections. Finally, Ir1* demonstrated statistically significant difference in lifetimes between normal tissue (muscle) and tumor in macroscopic in vivo PLIM imaging. Novel water-soluble iridium complexes with sulfonated diphosphine allow in vitro and in vivo lifetime hypoxia imaging.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Hao Su
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Maria M. Lukina
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies
- Privolzhskiy Research Medical University
- Nizhny Novgorod 603005
- Russia
| | - Varvara V. Dudenkova
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies
- Privolzhskiy Research Medical University
- Nizhny Novgorod 603005
- Russia
| | | | - Cheng-Ham Wu
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | | | - Pi-Tai Chou
- Department of Chemistry
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Republic of China
| | - Igor O. Koshevoy
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Eastern Finland
- 80101 Joensuu
- Finland
| | - Sergey P. Tunik
- St. Petersburg State University
- Institute of Chemistry
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Single-cell time-lapse imaging of intracellular O 2 in response to metabolic inhibition and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2853. [PMID: 28569778 PMCID: PMC5520905 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The detection of intracellular molecular oxygen (O2) levels is important for understanding cell physiology, cell death, and drug effects, and has recently been improved with the development of oxygen-sensitive probes that are compatible with live cell time-lapse microscopy. We here provide a protocol for the use of the nanoparticle probe MitoImage-MM2 to monitor intracellular oxygen levels by confocal microscopy under baseline conditions, in response to mitochondrial toxins, and following mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. We demonstrate that the MitoImage-MM2 probe, which embeds Pt(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin as oxygen sensor and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) as an O2-independent component, enables quantitative, ratiometric time-lapse imaging of intracellular O2. Multiplexing with tetra-methyl-rhodamine-methyl ester in HeLa cervical cancer cells showed significant increases in intracellular O2 accompanied by strong mitochondrial depolarization when respiratory chain complexes III or IV were inhibited by Antimycin A or sodium azide, respectively, and when cells were maintained at 'physiological' tissue O2 levels (5% O2). Multiplexing also allowed us to monitor intracellular O2 during the apoptotic signaling process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization in HeLa expressing cytochrome-c-eGFP, and demonstrated that mitochondria post cytochrome-c release are able to retain their capacity to respire at physiological O2 despite a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential.
Collapse
|
13
|
Oxygen imaging of living cells and tissues using luminescent molecular probes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Hynes J, Carey C, Will Y. Fluorescence‐Based Microplate Assays for In Vitro Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity, Metabolic Perturbation, and Cellular Oxygenation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 70:2.16.1-2.16.30. [DOI: 10.1002/cptx.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Hynes
- Luxcel Biosciences, BioInnovation Centre, University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | - Conn Carey
- Luxcel Biosciences, BioInnovation Centre, University College Cork Cork Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zou X, Pan T, Chen L, Tian Y, Zhang W. Luminescence materials for pH and oxygen sensing in microbial cells - structures, optical properties, and biological applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:723-738. [PMID: 27627832 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1223011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Luminescence including fluorescence and phosphorescence sensors have been demonstrated to be important for studying cell metabolism, and diagnosing diseases and cancer. Various design principles have been employed for the development of sensors in different formats, such as organic molecules, polymers, polymeric hydrogels, and nanoparticles. The integration of the sensing with fluorescence imaging provides valuable tools for biomedical research and applications at not only bulk-cell level but also at single-cell level. In this article, we critically reviewed recent progresses on pH, oxygen, and dual pH and oxygen sensors specifically for their application in microbial cells. In addition, we focused not only on sensor materials with different chemical structures, but also on design and applications of sensors for better understanding cellular metabolism of microbial cells. Finally, we also provided an outlook for future materials design and key challenges in reaching broad applications in microbial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianshao Zou
- a Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Tingting Pan
- a Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- b Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China.,c Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , P.R. China.,d SynBio Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Tian
- a Department of Materials Science and Engineering , South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen , Guangdong , P.R. China
| | - Weiwen Zhang
- b Laboratory of Synthetic Microbiology, School of Chemical Engineering & Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin , P.R. China.,c Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education of China , Tianjin , P.R. China.,d SynBio Platform, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering , Tianjin , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Roussakis E, Li Z, Nichols AJ, Evans CL. Sauerstoffmessung in der Biomedizin - von der Makro- zur Mikroebene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
17
|
Roussakis E, Li Z, Nichols AJ, Evans CL. Oxygen-Sensing Methods in Biomedicine from the Macroscale to the Microscale. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8340-62. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
18
|
Hynes J, Carey C. High-throughput real-time analysis of cell oxygenation using intracellular oxygen-sensitive probes. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1264:203-217. [PMID: 25631016 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2257-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of in situ oxygenation of cells in 2D and 3D cultures offers important insights into the impact of oxygen on cellular function. Here we outline how such measurements can be performed in 2D cultures of adherent cells and also in cells cultured on 3D scaffolds. Measurements are performed on conventional time-resolved fluorescence plate readers using the intracellular oxygen-sensitive probe MitoXpress(®)-Intra. We also illustrate how the impact of drug treatment on cell oxygenation can be assessed and how the link between oxygenation and glycolytic metabolism can be examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Hynes
- Luxcel Biosciences Ltd., BioInnovation Centre, UCC, Western Gateway Building, Office 204, Cork, Ireland,
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Beutler M, Heisterkamp IM, Piltz B, Stief P, De Beer D. Microscopic oxygen imaging based on fluorescein bleaching efficiency measurements. Microsc Res Tech 2014; 77:341-7. [PMID: 24610786 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Photobleaching of the fluorophore fluorescein in an aqueous solution is dependent on the oxygen concentration. Therefore, the time-dependent bleaching behavior can be used to measure of dissolved oxygen concentrations. The method can be combined with epi-fluorescence microscopy. The molecular states of the fluorophore can be expressed by a three-state energy model. This leads to a set of differential equations which describe the photobleaching behavior of fluorescein. The numerical solution of these equations shows that in a conventional wide-field fluorescence microscope, the fluorescence of fluorescein will fade out faster at low than at high oxygen concentration. Further simulation showed that a simple ratio function of different time-points during a fluorescence decay recorded during photobleaching could be used to describe oxygen concentrations in an aqueous solution. By careful choice of dye concentration and excitation light intensity the sensitivity in the oxygen concentration range of interest can be optimized. In the simulations, the estimation of oxygen concentration by the ratio function was very little affected by the pH value in the range of pH 6.5-8.5. Filming the fluorescence decay by a charge-coupled-device (ccd) camera mounted on a fluorescence microscope allowed a pixelwise estimation of the ratio function in a microscopic image. Use of a microsensor and oxygen-consuming bacteria in a sample chamber enabled the calibration of the system for quantification of absolute oxygen concentrations. The method was demonstrated on nitrifying biofilms growing on snail and mussel shells, showing clear effects of metabolic activity on oxygen concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Beutler
- bionsys GmbH, Fahrenheitstraße 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Decroos C, Balland V, Boucher JL, Bertho G, Xu-Li Y, Mansuy D. Toward stable electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry probes: synthesis, characterization, and metabolic evaluation of new ester derivatives of a tris-(para-carboxyltetrathiaaryl)methyl (TAM) radical. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1561-9. [PMID: 24010758 DOI: 10.1021/tx400250a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tris(p-carboxyltetrathiaaryl)methyl (TAM) radicals, such as 1a ("Finland" radical), are useful EPR probes for oximetry. However, they are rapidly metabolized by liver microsomes in the presence of NADPH, with the formation of diamagnetic quinone-methide metabolites resulting from an oxidative decarboxylation of one of their carboxylate substituents. In an effort to obtain TAM derivatives potentially more metabolically stable in vivo, we have synthesized four new TAM radicals in which the carboxylate substituents of 1a have been replaced with esters groups bearing various alkyl chains designed to render them water-soluble. The new compounds were completely characterized by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies, high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and electrochemistry. Two of them were water-soluble enough to undergo detailed microsomal metabolic studies in comparison with 1a. They were found to be stable in the presence of the esterases present in rat liver microsomes and cytosol, and, contrary to 1a, stable to oxidation in the presence of NADPH-supplemented microsomes. A careful study of their possible microsomal reduction under anaerobic or aerobic conditions showed that they were more easily reduced than 1a, in agreement with their higher reduction potentials. They were reduced into the corresponding anions not only under anaerobic conditions but also in the presence of dioxygen. These anions were much more stable than that of 1a and could be characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, MS, and at the level of their protonated product. However, they were oxidized by O₂, giving back to the starting ester radicals and catalyzing a futile cycle of O₂ reduction. Such reactions should be considered in the design of future stable EPR probes for oximetry in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Decroos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu K, Wang F, Pan X, Liu R, Ma J, Kong F, Tang B. High selectivity imaging of nitroreductase using a near-infrared fluorescence probe in hypoxic tumor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:2554-6. [PMID: 23423494 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc38980d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A highly selective and sensitive near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence probe (Cy-NO2) for imaging nitroreductase was developed and was successfully applied to investigating the relationship between epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) in tumour progression and intracellular hypoxic level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Engineering Research Center of Pesticide and Medicine Intermediate Clean Production, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhdanov AV, Waters AHC, Golubeva AV, Dmitriev RI, Papkovsky DB. Availability of the key metabolic substrates dictates the respiratory response of cancer cells to the mitochondrial uncoupling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2013; 1837:51-62. [PMID: 23891695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2013.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Active glycolysis and glutaminolysis provide bioenergetic stability of cancer cells in physiological conditions. Under hypoxia, metabolic and mitochondrial disorders, or pharmacological treatment, a deficit of key metabolic substrates may become life-threatening to cancer cells. We analysed the effects of mitochondrial uncoupling by FCCP on the respiration of cells fed by different combinations of Glc, Gal, Gln and Pyr. In cancer PC12 and HCT116 cells, a large increase in O2 consumption rate (OCR) upon uncoupling was only seen when Gln was combined with either Glc or Pyr. Inhibition of glutaminolysis with BPTES abolished this effect. Despite the key role of Gln, addition of FCCP inhibited respiration and induced apoptosis in cells supplied with Gln alone or Gal/Gln. For all substrate combinations, amplitude of respiratory responses to FCCP did not correlate with Akt, Erk and AMPK phosphorylation, cellular ATP, and resting OCR, mitochondrial Ca(2+) or membrane potential. However, we propose that proton motive force could modulate respiratory response to FCCP by regulating mitochondrial transport of Gln and Pyr, which decreases upon mitochondrial depolarisation. As a result, an increase in respiration upon uncoupling is abolished in cells, deprived of Gln or Pyr (Glc). Unlike PC12 or HCT116 cells, mouse embryonic fibroblasts were capable of generating pronounced response to FCCP when deprived of Gln, thus exhibiting lower dependence on glutaminolysis. Overall, the differential regulation of the respiratory response to FCCP by metabolic environment suggests that mitochondrial uncoupling has a potential for substrate-specific inhibition of cell function, and can be explored for selective cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zhdanov
- Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ingram JM, Zhang C, Xu J, Schiff SJ. FRET excited ratiometric oxygen sensing in living tissue. J Neurosci Methods 2013; 214:45-51. [PMID: 23333398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of oxygen (O₂) has been limited by the lack of a real-time, quantitative, and biocompatible sensor. To address these demands, we designed a ratiometric optode matrix consisting of the phosphorescence quenching dye platinum (II) octaethylporphine ketone (PtOEPK) and nanocystal quantum dots (NQDs), which when embedded within an inert polymer matrix allows long-term pre-designed excitation through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Depositing this matrix on various glass substrates allowed the development of a series of optical sensors able to measure interstitial oxygen concentration [O₂] with several hundred millisecond temporal resolution in varying biological microdomains of active brain tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Ingram
- Center for Neural Engineering, Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Koren K, Dmitriev RI, Borisov SM, Papkovsky DB, Klimant I. Complexes of Ir(III)-octaethylporphyrin with peptides as probes for sensing cellular O2. Chembiochem 2012; 13:1184-90. [PMID: 22532338 PMCID: PMC3437475 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Ir(III)-porphyrins are a relatively new group of phosphorescent dyes that have potential for oxygen sensing and labeling of biomolecules. The requirement of two axial ligands for the Ir(III) ion permits simple linkage of biomolecules by a one-step ligand-exchange reaction, for example, using precursor carbonyl chloride complexes and peptides containing histidine residue(s). Using this approach, we produced three complexes of Ir(III)-octaethylporphyrin with cell-penetrating (Ir1 and Ir2) and tumor-targeting (Ir3) peptides and studied their photophysical properties. All of the complexes were stable and possessed bright, long-decay (unquenched lifetimes exceeding 45 μs) phosphorescence at around 650 nm, with moderate sensitivity to oxygen. The Ir1 and Ir2 complexes showed positive staining of a number of mammalian cell types, thus demonstrating localization similar to endoplasmic reticulum and ATP- and temperature-independent intracellular accumulation (direct translocation mechanism). Their low photo- and cytotoxicity allows intracellular oxygen to be probed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Koren
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Nanostructured oxygen sensor--using micelles to incorporate a hydrophobic platinum porphyrin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33390. [PMID: 22457758 PMCID: PMC3310867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrophobic platinum(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)-porphyrin (PtTFPP) was physically incorporated into micelles formed from poly(ε-caprolactone)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) to enable the application of PtTFPP in aqueous solution. Micelles were characterized using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to show an average diameter of about 140 nm. PtTFPP showed higher quantum efficiency in micellar solution than in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). PtTFPP in micelles also exhibited higher photostability than that of PtTFPP suspended in water. PtTFPP in micelles exhibited good oxygen sensitivity and response time. This study provided an efficient approach to enable the application of hydrophobic oxygen sensors in a biological environment.
Collapse
|
26
|
Optical probes and techniques for O2 measurement in live cells and tissue. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:2025-39. [PMID: 22249195 PMCID: PMC3371327 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in the sensing and imaging of molecular oxygen (O2) in biological samples containing live cells and tissue. We review recent developments in the measurement of O2 in such samples by optical means, particularly using the phosphorescence quenching technique. The main types of soluble O2 sensors are assessed, including small molecule, supramolecular and particle-based structures used as extracellular or intracellular probes in conjunction with different detection modalities and measurement formats. For the different O2 sensing systems, particular attention is paid to their merits and limitations, analytical performance, general convenience and applicability in specific biological applications. The latter include measurement of O2 consumption rate, sample oxygenation, sensing of intracellular O2, metabolic assessment of cells, and O2 imaging of tissue, vasculature and individual cells. Altogether, this gives the potential user a comprehensive guide for the proper selection of the appropriate optical probe(s) and detection platform to suit their particular biological applications and measurement requirements.
Collapse
|
27
|
Napp J, Behnke T, Fischer L, Würth C, Wottawa M, Katschinski DM, Alves F, Resch-Genger U, Schäferling M. Targeted Luminescent Near-Infrared Polymer-Nanoprobes for In Vivo Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia. Anal Chem 2011; 83:9039-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ac201870b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Napp
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Behnke
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse, 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lorenz Fischer
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christian Würth
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse, 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marieke Wottawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dörthe M. Katschinski
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max-Planck-Institute for Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Strasse 3, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ute Resch-Genger
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse, 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Schäferling
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ceroni P, Lebedev AY, Marchi E, Yuan M, Esipova TV, Bergamini G, Wilson DF, Busch TM, Vinogradov SA. Evaluation of phototoxicity of dendritic porphyrin-based phosphorescent oxygen probes: an in vitro study. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2011; 10:1056-65. [PMID: 21409208 PMCID: PMC3607943 DOI: 10.1039/c0pp00356e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biological oxygen measurements by phosphorescence quenching make use of exogenous phosphorescent probes, which are introduced directly into the medium of interest (e.g. blood or interstitial fluid) where they serve as molecular sensors for oxygen. The byproduct of the quenching reaction is singlet oxygen, a highly reactive species capable of damaging biological tissue. Consequently, potential probe phototoxicity is a concern for biological applications. Herein, we compared the ability of polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-coated Pd tetrabenzoporphyrin (PdTBP)-based dendritic nanoprobes of three successive generations to sensitize singlet oxygen. It was found that the size of the dendrimer has practically no effect on the singlet oxygen sensitization efficiency in spite of the strong attenuation of the triplet quenching rate with an increase in the dendrimer generation. This unexpected result is due to the fact that the lifetime of the PdTBP triplet state in the absence of oxygen increases with dendritic generation, thus compensating for the concomitant decrease in the rate of quenching. Nevertheless, in spite of their ability to sensitize singlet oxygen, the phosphorescent probes were found to be non-phototoxic when compared with the commonly used photodynamic drug Photofrin in a standard cell-survival assay. The lack of phototoxicity is presumably due to the inability of PEGylated probes to associate with cell surfaces and/or penetrate cellular membranes. In contrast, conventional photosensitizers bind to cell components and act by generating singlet oxygen inside or in the immediate vicinity of cellular organelles. Therefore, PEGylated dendritic probes are safe to use for tissue oxygen measurements as long as the light doses are less than or equal to those commonly employed in photodynamic therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Ceroni
- Department of Chemistry G. Ciamician, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee YEK, Ulbrich EE, Kim G, Hah H, Strollo C, Fan W, Gurjar R, Koo S, Kopelman R. Near infrared luminescent oxygen nanosensors with nanoparticle matrix tailored sensitivity. Anal Chem 2011; 82:8446-55. [PMID: 20849084 DOI: 10.1021/ac1015358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of sensors for noninvasive determination of oxygen levels in live cells and tissues is critical for the understanding of cellular functions, as well as for monitoring the status of disease, such as cancer, and for predicting the efficacy of therapy. We describe such nontoxic, targeted, and ratiometric 30 nm oxygen nanosensors made of polyacrylamide hydrogel, near-infrared (NIR) luminescent dyes, and surface-conjugated tumor-specific peptides. They enabled noninvasive real-time monitoring of oxygen levels in live cancer cells under normal and hypoxic conditions. The required sensitivity, brightness, selectivity, and stability were achieved by tailoring the interaction between the nanomatrix and indicator dyes. The developed nanosensors may become useful for in vivo oxygen measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Eun Koo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Guo H, Ji S, Wu W, Wu W, Shao J, Zhao J. Long-lived emissive intra-ligand triplet excited states (3IL): next generation luminescent oxygen sensing scheme and a case study with red phosphorescent diimine Pt(II) bis(acetylide) complexes containing ethynylated naphthalimide or pyrene subunits. Analyst 2010; 135:2832-40. [PMID: 20835478 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00404a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The long-lived room temperature (RT) intra-ligand phosphorescence ((3)IL) of dbbpy Pt(II) bis(acetylide) (dbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine) complexes Pt-1 (λ(em) = 629 nm, τ = 118 μs, quantum yield φ = 17.5%) and Pt-3 (λ(em) = 658 nm, τ = 73.6 μs, φ = 2.1%) (dbbpy = 4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine), containing naphthalimide (NI) and pyrene subunits, respectively, were used for enhanced luminescent oxygen sensing, compared to the model complex dbbpyPt (bisphenylacetylide) (Pt-2, λ(em) = 559 nm, τ = 0.7 μs, φ = 49.6%) with the normal (3)MLCT excited state (metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer). The luminescent lifetimes of Pt-1 and Pt-3 are greatly extended by 168-fold and 105-fold, respectively, when compared to that of Pt-2. The (3)IL features of the photoluminescence of Pt-1 and Pt-3 are supported by DFT/TDDFT calculations, which indicated a NI localized triplet excited state but a normal (3)MLCT/(3)LLCT excited state for Pt-2. The luminescent oxygen sensing properties of the complexes in solution as well as in polymer films were studied. In polymer films, the O(2) sensitivity of Pt-1 (quenching constant K(SV) = 0.085 Torr(-1)) and Pt-3 (K(SV) = 0.062 Torr(-1)) is 70-fold and 50-fold of Pt-2 (K(SV) = 0.0012 Torr(-1)), respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, 158 Zhongshan Road, Dalian 116012, P.R. China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhdanov AV, Ogurtsov VI, Taylor CT, Papkovsky DB. Monitoring of cell oxygenation and responses to metabolic stimulation by intracellular oxygen sensing technique. Integr Biol (Camb) 2010; 2:443-51. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ib00021c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Zhdanov
- Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland. Fax: + 353-21-4901698; Tel: + 353-21-4901698
| | - Vladimir I. Ogurtsov
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cormac T. Taylor
- Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Dmitri B. Papkovsky
- Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, College Road, Cork, Ireland. Fax: + 353-21-4901698; Tel: + 353-21-4901698
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stich MIJ, Fischer LH, Wolfbeis OS. Multiple fluorescent chemical sensing and imaging. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:3102-14. [PMID: 20571676 DOI: 10.1039/b909635n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical sensors, unlike most others, enable multiple sensing of (bio)chemical species by making use of probes whose signals can be differentiated by spectral and/or temporal resolution. Multiple sensors are of substantial interest for continuous monitoring of chemical parameters in complex samples such as blood, bioreactor fluids, in the chemical industry, aerodynamic research, and when monitoring food quality control, to mention typical examples. Moreover, such sensors enable non-invasive, non-toxic and online detection. We discuss in this critical review the state of the art in terms of spectroscopic principles, materials (mainly indicator probes and polymers), and give selected examples for dual and triple sensors along with a look into the future (109 references).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias I J Stich
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, D-93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Sung HJ, Ma W, Wang PY, Hynes J, O'Riordan TC, Combs CA, McCoy JP, Bunz F, Kang JG, Hwang PM. Mitochondrial respiration protects against oxygen-associated DNA damage. Nat Commun 2010; 1:5. [PMID: 20975668 PMCID: PMC3393093 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen is not only required for oxidative phosphorylation but also serves as the essential substrate for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is implicated in ageing and tumorigenesis. Although the mitochondrion is known for its bioenergetic function, the symbiotic theory originally proposed that it provided protection against the toxicity of increasing oxygen in the primordial atmosphere. Using human cells lacking Synthesis of Cytochrome c Oxidase 2 (SCO2-/-), we have tested the oxygen toxicity hypothesis. These cells are oxidative phosphorylation defective and glycolysis dependent; they exhibit increased viability under hypoxia and feature an inverted growth response to oxygen compared with wild-type cells. SCO2-/- cells have increased intracellular oxygen and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) levels, which result in increased ROS and oxidative DNA damage. Using this isogenic cell line, we have revealed the genotoxicity of ambient oxygen. Our study highlights the importance of mitochondrial respiration both for bioenergetic benefits and for maintaining genomic stability in an oxygen-rich environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Joong Sung
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fercher A, Ponomarev GV, Yashunski D, Papkovsky D. Evaluation of the derivates of phosphorescent Pt-coproporphyrin as intracellular oxygen-sensitive probes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:1793-803. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
35
|
Abstract
Many parameters reflecting mitochondrial function and metabolic status of the cell, including the mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species, ATP, NADH, ion gradients, and ion fluxes (Ca(2+), H(+)), are amenable for analysis by live cell imaging and are widely used in many labs. However, one key metabolite - cellular oxygen - is currently not analyzed routinely. Here we present several imaging techniques that use the phosphorescent oxygen-sensitive probes loaded intracellularly and which allow real-time monitoring of O(2) in live respiring cells and metabolic responses to cell stimulation. The techniques include conventional wide-field fluorescence microscopy to monitor relative changes in cell respiration, microsecond FLIM format which provides quantitative readout of O(2) concentration within/near the cells, and live cell array devices for the monitoring of metabolic responses of individual suspension cells. Step by step procedures of typical experiments for each of these applications and troubleshooting guide are given.
Collapse
|
36
|
Decroos C, Li Y, Bertho G, Frapart Y, Mansuy D, Boucher JL. Oxidative and Reductive Metabolism of Tris(p-carboxyltetrathiaaryl)methyl Radicals by Liver Microsomes. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:1342-50. [DOI: 10.1021/tx9001379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Decroos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Yun Li
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Gildas Bertho
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Yves Frapart
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Daniel Mansuy
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Jean-Luc Boucher
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologiques et Toxicologiques, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Evans RG, Gardiner BS, Smith DW, O'Connor PM. Methods for studying the physiology of kidney oxygenation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2009; 35:1405-12. [PMID: 18983577 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2008.05063.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
1. An improved understanding of the regulation of kidney oxygenation has the potential to advance preventative, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for kidney disease. Here, we review the strengths and limitations of available and emerging methods for studying kidney oxygen status. 2. To fully characterize kidney oxygen handling, we must quantify multiple parameters, including renal oxygen delivery (DO2) and consumption (VO2), as well as oxygen tension (Po2). Ideally, these parameters should be quantified both at the whole-organ level and within specific vascular, tubular and interstitial compartments. 3. Much of our current knowledge of kidney oxygen physiology comes from established techniques that allow measurement of global kidney DO2 and VO2, or local tissue Po2. When used in tandem, these techniques can help us understand oxygen mass balance in the kidney. Po2 can be resolved to specific tissue compartments in the superficial cortex, but not deep below the kidney surface. We have limited ability to measure local kidney tissue DO2 and VO2. 4. Mathematical modelling has the potential to provide new insights into the physiology of kidney oxygenation, but is limited by the quality of the information such models are based on. 5. Various imaging techniques and other emerging technologies have the potential to allow Po2 mapping throughout the kidney and/or spatial resolution of Po2 in specific renal tissues, even in humans. All currently available methods have serious limitations, but with further refinement should provide a pathway through which data obtained from experimental animal models can be related to humans in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Evans
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hynes J, O'Riordan TC, Zhdanov AV, Uray G, Will Y, Papkovsky DB. In vitro analysis of cell metabolism using a long-decay pH-sensitive lanthanide probe and extracellular acidification assay. Anal Biochem 2009; 390:21-8. [PMID: 19379702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic perturbations play a critical role in a variety of disease states and toxicities. Therefore, knowledge of the interplay between the two main cellular ATP generating pathways, glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, is particularly informative when examining such perturbations. Here we describe a new fluorescence-based screening assay for the assessment of glycolytic flux and demonstrate the value of such analysis in assessing the cellular "energy budget." The assay employs a long-decay pH-sensitive lanthanide probe to monitor extracellular acidification (ECA) in standard 96- or 384-well plates on a time-resolved fluorescence plate reader. The simple mix-and-measure procedure and fluorescence lifetime-based pH sensing allow the use of standard adherent cell culture techniques, providing high sample throughput and excellent assay performance. The assay also facilitates multiplexed or parallel analysis with existing oxygen consumption and ATP assays, thereby providing a detailed multiparametric assessment of cell metabolism. Data on cellular CO(2) production can also be obtained by comparing sealed and unsealed samples. The utility of the approach in assessing perturbed cell metabolism is demonstrated using a panel of metabolic effectors with known mechanisms of action. More complex metabolic stimuli, such as G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation and perturbed ion homeostasis, are also examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Hynes
- Luxcel Biosciences, BioInnovation Center, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Liu Y, Villamena FA, Sun J, Wang TY, Zweier JL. Esterified trityl radicals as intracellular oxygen probes. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:876-83. [PMID: 19135524 PMCID: PMC2673998 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 11/17/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Triarylmethyl (trityl) radicals exhibit high stability and narrow linewidth under physiological conditions which provide high sensitivity and resolution for the measurement of O2 concentrations, making them attractive as EPR oximetry probes. However, the application of previously available compounds has been limited by their poor intracellular permeability. We recently reported the synthesis and characterization of esterified trityl radicals as potential intracellular EPR probes and their oxygen sensitivity, redox properties, and enzyme-mediated hydrolysis were investigated. In this paper, we report the cellular permeability and stability of these trityls in the presence of bovine aortic endothelial cells. Results show that the acetoxymethoxycarbonyl-containing trityl AMT-02 exhibits high stability in the presence of cells and can be effectively internalized. The intracellular hydrolysis of AMT-02 to the carboxylate form of the trityl (CT-03) was also observed. In addition, this internalized trityl probe was applied to measure intracellular O2 concentrations and the effects of menadione and KCN on the rates of O2 consumption in endothelial cells. This study demonstrates that these esterified trityl radicals can function as effective EPR oximetry probes measuring intracellular O2 concentration and consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangping Liu
- Center for Biomedical EPR Spectroscopy and Imaging, The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Molter TW, McQuaide SC, Suchorolski MT, Strovas TJ, Burgess LW, Meldrum DR, Lidstrom ME. A microwell array device capable of measuring single-cell oxygen consumption rates. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2009; 135:678-686. [PMID: 20084089 PMCID: PMC2661028 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2008.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to interest in cell population heterogeneity, the development of new technology and methodologies for studying single cells has dramatically increased in recent years. The ideal single cell measurement system would be high throughput for statistical relevance, would measure the most important cellular parameters, and minimize disruption of normal cell function. We have developed a microwell array device capable of measuring single cell oxygen consumption rates (OCR). This OCR device is able to diffusionally isolate single cells and enables the quantitative measurement of oxygen consumed by a single cell with fmol/min resolution in a non-invasive and relatively high throughput manner. A glass microwell array format containing fixed luminescent sensors allows for future incorporation of additional cellular parameter sensing capabilities. To demonstrate the utility of the OCR device, we determined the oxygen consumption rates of a small group of single cells (12 to 18) for three different cells lines: murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7, human epithelial lung cancer cell line A549, and human Barrett's esophagus cell line CP-D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Molter
- University of Washington, Benjamin Hall Research Building, 616 NE Northlake Pl. Rm. 440, Seattle, WA 98105
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ji S, Wu W, Wu Y, Zhao T, Zhou F, Yang Y, Zhang X, Liang X, Wu W, Chi L, Wang Z, Zhao J. Real-time monitoring of luminescent lifetime changes of PtOEP oxygen sensing film with LED/photodiode-based time-domain lifetime device. Analyst 2009; 134:958-65. [DOI: 10.1039/b817791k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
42
|
Montagne K, Komori K, Yang F, Tatsuma T, Fujii T, Sakai Y. A micropatterned cell array with an integrated oxygen-sensitive fluorescent membrane. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1529-33. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00061e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
43
|
Oter O, Ribou AC. Quenching of Long Lifetime Emitting Fluorophores with Paramagnetic Molecules. J Fluoresc 2008; 19:389-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0425-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Abstract
Hypoxia, a condition of insufficient O2 to support metabolism, occurs when the vascular supply is interrupted, as in stroke or myocardial infarction, or when a tumor outgrows its vascular supply. When otherwise healthy tissues lose their O2 supply acutely, the cells usually die, whereas when cells gradually become hypoxic, they adapt by up-regulating the production of numerous proteins that promote their survival. These proteins slow the rate of growth, switch the mitochondria to glycolysis, stimulate growth of new vasculature, inhibit apoptosis, and promote metastatic spread. The consequence of these changes is that patients with hypoxic tumors invariably experience poor outcome to treatment. This has led the molecular imaging community to develop assays for hypoxia in patients, including regional measurements from O2 electrodes placed under CT guidance, several nuclear medicine approaches with imaging agents that accumulate with an inverse relationship to O2, MRI methods that measure either oxygenation directly or lactate production as a consequence of hypoxia, and optical methods with NIR and bioluminescence. The advantages and disadvantages of these approaches are reviewed, along with the individual strategies for validating different imaging methods. Ultimately the proof of value is in the clinical performance to predict outcome, select an appropriate cohort of patients to benefit from a hypoxia-directed treatment, or plan radiation fields that result in better local control. Hypoxia imaging in support of molecular medicine has become an important success story over the last decade and provides a model and some important lessons for development of new molecular imaging probes or techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Krohn
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-6004, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sheth D, Suresh G, Yang J, Ladas T, Zorman C, Gratzl M. MEMS Device to Monitor Biological Oxygen Uptake at Arrays of Single Cells and Small Cell Clusters. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200704122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
46
|
Molter TW, McQuaide SC, Holl MR, Meldrum DR, Dragavon JM, Anderson JB, Young AC, Burgess LW, Lidstrom ME. A New Approach for Measuring Single-Cell Oxygen Consumption Rates. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATION SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION SOCIETY 2008; 5:32-42. [PMID: 21057593 PMCID: PMC2971563 DOI: 10.1109/tase.2007.909441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A novel system that has enabled the measurement of single-cell oxygen consumption rates is presented. The experimental apparatus includes a temperature controlled environmental chamber, an array of microwells etched in glass, and a lid actuator used to seal cells in the microwells. Each microwell contains an oxygen sensitive platinum phosphor sensor used to monitor the cellular metabolic rates. Custom automation software controls the digital image data collection for oxygen sensor measurements, which are analyzed using an image-processing program to yield the oxygen concentration within each microwell versus time. Two proof-of-concept experiments produced oxygen consumption rate measurements for A549 human epithelial lung cancer cells of 5.39 and 5.27 fmol/min/cell, closely matching published oxygen consumption rates for bulk A549 populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy W Molter
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-2500 USA ( ; )
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
O'Riordan TC, Zhdanov AV, Ponomarev GV, Papkovsky DB. Analysis of Intracellular Oxygen and Metabolic Responses of Mammalian Cells by Time-Resolved Fluorometry. Anal Chem 2007; 79:9414-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ac701770b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás C. O'Riordan
- Luxcel Biosciences Ltd., BioInnovation Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland, Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, Cork, Ireland, and Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaia Street 10, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Zhdanov
- Luxcel Biosciences Ltd., BioInnovation Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland, Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, Cork, Ireland, and Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaia Street 10, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Gelii V. Ponomarev
- Luxcel Biosciences Ltd., BioInnovation Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland, Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, Cork, Ireland, and Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaia Street 10, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Dmitri B. Papkovsky
- Luxcel Biosciences Ltd., BioInnovation Centre, UCC, Cork, Ireland, Biochemistry Department, University College Cork, Cavanagh Pharmacy Building, Cork, Ireland, and Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Pogodinskaia Street 10, Moscow 119992, Russia
| |
Collapse
|