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Zi SF, Wu XJ, Tang Y, Liang YP, Liu X, Wang L, Li SL, Wu CD, Xu JY, Liu T, Huang W, Xie JF, Liu L, Chao J, Qiu HB. Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Aberrant Neutrophil Trafficking and Subsequent Remote Lung Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400647. [PMID: 39119837 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in sepsis is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. However, the molecular pathogenesis underlying sepsis-induced ARDS remains elusive. Neutrophil heterogeneity and dysfunction contribute to uncontrolled inflammation in patients with ARDS. A specific subset of neutrophils undergoing reverse transendothelial migration (rTEM), which is characterized by an activated phenotype, is implicated in the systemic dissemination of inflammation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), it identified functionally activated neutrophils exhibiting the rTEM phenotype in the lung of a sepsis mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture. The prevalence of neutrophils with the rTEM phenotype is elevated in the blood of patients with sepsis-associated ARDS and is positively correlated with disease severity. Mechanically, scRNA-seq and proteomic analys revealed that inflamed endothelial cell (EC) released extracellular vesicles (EVs) enriched in karyopherin subunit beta-1 (KPNB1), promoting abluminal-to-luminal neutrophil rTEM. Additionally, EC-derived EVs are elevated and positively correlated with the proportion of rTEM neutrophils in clinical sepsis. Collectively, EC-derived EV is identified as a critical regulator of neutrophil rTEM, providing insights into the contribution of rTEM neutrophils to sepsis-associated lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Feng Zi
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Song-Li Li
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chang-De Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jing-Yuan Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian-Feng Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hai-Bo Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Aydemir Celep N, Gedikli S. Protective Effect of Silymarin on Liver in Experimental in the Sepsis Model of Rats. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:9-19. [PMID: 36890848 PMCID: PMC9986308 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study, it was investigated whether silymarin has a protective effect by performing histological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical evaluations on the liver damage induced by cecal ligation perforation (CLP). CLP model was established and silymarin was treated at a dose of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg, by oral one hour before the CLP. As an effect of the histological evaluations of the liver tissues, venous congestion, inflammation, and necrosis in the hepatocytes were observed in the CLP group. A situation close to the control group was observed in the Silymarin (SM)100 and SM200 groups. As a result of the immunohistochemical evaluations, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cytokeratine (CK)18, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukine (IL)-6 immunoreactivities were intense in the CLP group. In the biochemical analysis, Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), and Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly increased in the CLP group, while a significant decrease was observed in the treatment groups. TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 concentrations were in parallel with histopathological evaluations. In the biochemical analysis, Malondialdehyte (MDA) level increased significantly in the CLP group, but there was a significant decrease in the SM100 and SM200 groups. Glutathione (GSH), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were relatively low in the CLP group. According to these data, it was concluded that using silymarin reduces the existing liver damage in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevra Aydemir Celep
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Semin Gedikli
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Poole J, Ray D. The Role of Circadian Clock Genes in Critical Illness: The Potential Role of Translational Clock Gene Therapies for Targeting Inflammation, Mitochondrial Function, and Muscle Mass in Intensive Care. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:385-402. [PMID: 35880253 PMCID: PMC9326790 DOI: 10.1177/07487304221092727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The Earth's 24-h planetary rotation, with predictable light and heat cycles, has driven profound evolutionary adaptation, with prominent impacts on physiological mechanisms important for surviving critical illness. Pathways of interest include inflammation, mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, hypoxic signaling, apoptosis, and defenses against reactive oxygen species. Regulation of these by the cellular circadian clock (BMAL-1 and its network) has an important influence on pulmonary inflammation; ventilator-associated lung injury; septic shock; brain injury, including vasospasm; and overall mortality in both animals and humans. Whether it is cytokines, the inflammasome, or mitochondrial biogenesis, circadian medicine represents exciting opportunities for translational therapy in intensive care, which is currently lacking. Circadian medicine also represents a link to metabolic determinants of outcome, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. More than ever, we are appreciating the problem of circadian desynchrony in intensive care. This review explores the rationale and evidence for the importance of the circadian clock in surviving critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Poole
- Anaesthetics and Critical Care, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - David Ray
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Namgoung S, Chang Y, Woo CY, Kim Y, Kang J, Kwon R, Lim GY, Choi HR, Kim KH, Kim H, Hong YS, Zhao D, Cho J, Guallar E, Park HY, Ryu S. Metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity and risk of vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal women: cross-sectional and cohort studies. BJOG 2022; 129:1926-1934. [PMID: 35596933 PMCID: PMC9541406 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the relationship between metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity phenotypes and risk of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in premenopausal women. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Middle‐aged women in a cohort based on regular health screening examinations. Population Premenopausal Korean women aged 42–52 years were recruited and were followed up for a median of 4.2 years. The cross‐sectional and cohort studies comprised 4672 women and 2590 women without VMS at baseline, respectively. Methods Adiposity measures included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and percentage body fat. Being metabolically healthy was defined as not having any metabolic syndrome components or a homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance of 2.5 or more. Main outcomes measures VMS (hot flushes and night sweats) assessed using the questionnaire. Results All adiposity measures were positively associated with an increased risk of VMS in both cross‐sectional and longitudinal studies. The multivariable‐adjusted prevalence ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) for VMS comparing percentage body fat of 35% or more with the reference was 1.47 (95% CI 1.14–1.90) in metabolically healthy women, and the corresponding prevalence ratio was 2.32 (95% CI 1.42–3.78) in metabolically unhealthy women (Pinteraction = 0.334). The multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratio for incident VMS comparing percentage body fat of 35% or more with the reference was 1.34 (95% CI 1.00–1.79) in metabolically healthy women, whereas the corresponding hazard ratio was 3.61 (95% CI 1.81–7.20) in metabolically unhealthy women (Pinteraction = 0.036). The association between BMI, waist circumference and VMS did not significantly differ by metabolic health status. Conclusions Maintaining normal weight and being metabolically healthy may help to prevent VMS in premenopausal women. Tweetable abstract Avoiding obesity and a metabolically unhealthy status may help reduce vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal women. Avoiding obesity and a metabolically unhealthy status may help reduce vasomotor symptoms in premenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunju Namgoung
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of The Environmental Health Centre, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University School of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chae-Yeon Woo
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yejin Kim
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeonggyu Kang
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ria Kwon
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga-Young Lim
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Choi
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Medical Research, Sungkyunkwan University, School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye-Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Soo Hong
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Di Zhao
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juhee Cho
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hyun-Young Park
- Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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5
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Therapeutic Potential of Combining IL-6 and TNF Blockade in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073521. [PMID: 35408882 PMCID: PMC8998171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Combined anti-cytokine therapy is a promising therapeutic approach for uncontrolled steroid-resistant asthma. In this regard, simultaneous blockade of IL-4 and IL-13 signaling by Dupilumab (anti-IL-4Ra monoclonal antibody) was recently approved for severe eosinophilic asthma. However, no therapeutic options for neutrophilic asthma are currently available. Recent advances in our understanding of asthma pathogenesis suggest that both IL-6 and TNF may represent potential targets for treatment of severe neutrophilic asthma. Nevertheless, the efficacy of simultaneous pharmacological inhibition of TNF and IL-6 in asthma was not yet studied. To evaluate the potency of combined cytokine inhibition, we simultaneously administrated IL-6 and TNF inhibitors to BALB/c mice with HDM-induced asthma. Combined IL-6/TNF inhibition, but not individual blockade of these two cytokines, led to complex anti-inflammatory effects including reduced Th2-induced eosinophilia and less prominent Th17/Th1-mediated neutrophilic infiltrate in the airways. Taken together, our results provide evidence for therapeutic potential of combined IL-6/TNF inhibition in severe steroid-resistant asthma.
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Chaiwut R, Kasinrerk W. Very low concentration of lipopolysaccharide can induce the production of various cytokines and chemokines in human primary monocytes. BMC Res Notes 2022; 15:42. [PMID: 35144659 PMCID: PMC8832778 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-05941-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of gram-negative bacteria, is a potent innate immune stimulus. The interaction of LPS with innate immune cells induces the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, thereby leading to the control of infection. In the present study, we investigated the effect of a wide range of LPS concentrations on the regulation of various proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in human primary monocytes and T lymphocytes. RESULTS We demonstrated that a very low concentration of LPS could regulate the production of cytokines and chemokines in monocytes but not T lymphocytes. Unexpectedly, very low concentrations of LPS (0.0025 and 0.005 ng/mL) could induce TNF-α and IL-6 production, respectively, in monocytes. Our findings provide evidence that in the presence of monocytes, even very low endotoxin contamination could induce cytokine production. We suggest that the recombinant proteins used to investigate immune functions must be thoroughly screened for endotoxins using a highly sensitive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratthakorn Chaiwut
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Watchara Kasinrerk
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. .,Biomedical Technology Research Center, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency at the Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.
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7
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Sullivan BA, Fairchild KD. Vital signs as physiomarkers of neonatal sepsis. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:273-282. [PMID: 34493832 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01709-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal sepsis accounts for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Abnormal vital sign patterns serve as physiomarkers of sepsis and provide early warning of illness before overt clinical decompensation. The systemic inflammatory response to pathogens signals the autonomic nervous system, leading to changes in temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. In infants with comorbidities of prematurity, vital sign abnormalities often occur in the absence of infection, which confounds sepsis diagnosis. This review will cover the mechanisms of vital sign changes in neonatal sepsis, including the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway mediated by the vagus nerve, which is critical to the host response to infectious and inflammatory insults. We will also review the clinical implications of vital sign changes in neonatal sepsis, including their use in early warning scores and systems to direct clinicians to the bedside of infants with physiologic changes that might be due to sepsis. IMPACT: This manuscript summarizes and reviews the relevant literature on the physiological manifestations of neonatal sepsis and how we monitor and analyze these through vital signs and advanced analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynne A Sullivan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Karen D Fairchild
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Mul Fedele ML, Senna CA, Aiello I, Golombek DA, Paladino N. Circadian Rhythms in Bacterial Sepsis Pathology: What We Know and What We Should Know. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:773181. [PMID: 34956930 PMCID: PMC8696002 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.773181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome caused by a deregulated host response to infection, representing the primary cause of death from infection. In animal models, the mortality rate is strongly dependent on the time of sepsis induction, suggesting a main role of the circadian system. In patients undergoing sepsis, deregulated circadian rhythms have also been reported. Here we review data related to the timing of sepsis induction to further understand the different outcomes observed both in patients and in animal models. The magnitude of immune activation as well as the hypothermic response correlated with the time of the worst prognosis. The different outcomes seem to be dependent on the expression of the clock gene Bmal1 in the liver and in myeloid immune cells. The understanding of the role of the circadian system in sepsis pathology could be an important tool to improve patient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Lis Mul Fedele
- Laboratorio de Cronofisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas/Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UCA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Agustina Senna
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Aiello
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Andres Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paladino
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Natalia Paladino,
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Jiao Y, Zhang T, Zhang C, Ji H, Tong X, Xia R, Wang W, Ma Z, Shi X. Exosomal miR-30d-5p of neutrophils induces M1 macrophage polarization and primes macrophage pyroptosis in sepsis-related acute lung injury. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2021; 25:356. [PMID: 34641966 PMCID: PMC8507252 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) play an important role in sepsis-related acute lung injury (ALI). Accumulating evidence suggests PMN-derived exosomes as a new subcellular entity acting as a fundamental link between PMN-driven inflammation and tissue damage. However, the role of PMN-derived exosomes in sepsis-related ALI and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. METHODS Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a key regulator of innate immunity in sepsis-related ALI, was used to stimulate PMNs from healthy C57BL/6J mice in vitro. Exosomes isolated from the supernatant were injected to C57BL/6J wild-type mice intraperitoneally (i.p.) and then examined for lung inflammation, macrophage (Mϕ) polarization and pyroptosis. In vitro co-culture system was applied where the mouse Raw264.7 macrophages or bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were co-cultured with PMN-derived exosomes to further confirm the results of in vivo animal study and explore the potential mechanisms involved. RESULTS Exosomes released by TNF-α-stimulated PMNs (TNF-Exo) promoted M1 macrophage activation after in vivo i.p. injection or in vitro co-culture. In addition, TNF-Exo primed macrophage for pyroptosis by upregulating NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome expression through nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that miR-30d-5p mediated the function of TNF-Exo by targeting suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS-1) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in macrophages. Furthermore, intravenous administration of miR-30d-5p inhibitors significantly decreased TNF-Exo or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced M1 macrophage activation and macrophage death in the lung, as well as the histological lesions. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that exosomal miR-30d-5p from PMNs contributed to sepsis-related ALI by inducing M1 macrophage polarization and priming macrophage pyroptosis through activating NF-κB signaling. These findings suggest a novel mechanism of PMN-Mϕ interaction in sepsis-related ALI, which may provide new therapeutic strategies in sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ti Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengmi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haiying Ji
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xingyu Tong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ran Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhengliang Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
| | - Xueyin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1665 Kongjiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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10
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Liddle LJ, Kalisvaart ACJ, Abrahart AH, Almekhlafi M, Demchuk A, Colbourne F. Targeting focal ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke neuroprotection: Current prospects for local hypothermia. J Neurochem 2021; 160:128-144. [PMID: 34496050 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has applications dating back millennia. In modern history, however, TH saw its importation into medical practice where investigations have demonstrated that TH is efficacious in ischemic insults, notably cardiac arrest and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. As well, studies have been undertaken to investigate whether TH can provide benefit in focal stroke (i.e., focal ischemia and intracerebral hemorrhage). However, clinical studies have encountered various challenges with induction and maintenance of post-stroke TH. Most clinical studies have attempted to use body-wide cooling protocols, commonly hindered by side effects that can worsen post-stroke outcomes. Some of the complications and difficulties with systemic TH can be circumvented by using local hypothermia (LH) methods. Additional advantages include the potential for lower target temperatures to be achieved and faster TH induction rates with LH. This systematic review summarizes the body of clinical and preclinical LH focal stroke studies and raises key points to consider for future LH research. We conclude with an overview of LH neuroprotective mechanisms and a comparison of LH mechanisms with those observed with systemic TH. Overall, whereas many LH studies have been conducted preclinically in the context of focal ischemia, insufficient work has been done in intracerebral hemorrhage. Furthermore, key translational studies have yet to be done in either stroke subtype (e.g., varied models and time-to-treat, studies considering aged animals or animals with co-morbidities). Few clinical LH investigations have been performed and the optimal LH parameters to achieve neuroprotection are unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lane J Liddle
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Ashley H Abrahart
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Frederick Colbourne
- Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Geiger SS, Traba J, Richoz N, Farley TK, Brooks SR, Petermann F, Wang L, Gonzalez FJ, Sack MN, Siegel RM. Feeding-induced resistance to acute lethal sepsis is dependent on hepatic BMAL1 and FXR signalling. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2745. [PMID: 33980856 PMCID: PMC8115055 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, time of day strongly influences lethality in response to LPS, with survival greatest at the beginning compared to the end of the light cycle. Here we show that feeding, rather than light, controls time-of-day dependent LPS sensitivity. Mortality following LPS administration is independent of cytokine production and the clock regulator BMAL1 expressed in myeloid cells. In contrast, deletion of BMAL1 in hepatocytes globally disrupts the transcriptional response to the feeding cycle in the liver and results in constitutively high LPS sensitivity. Using RNAseq and functional validation studies we identify hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signalling as a BMAL1 and feeding-dependent regulator of LPS susceptibility. These results show that hepatocyte-intrinsic BMAL1 and FXR signalling integrate nutritional cues to regulate survival in response to innate immune stimuli. Understanding hepatic molecular programmes operational in response to these cues could identify novel pathways for targeting to enhance endotoxemia resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Geiger
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute (TBSI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Javier Traba
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nathan Richoz
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Taylor K Farley
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen R Brooks
- Biodata Mining and Discovery Section, Office of Science and Technology, NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Franziska Petermann
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section, Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lingdi Wang
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael N Sack
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Immunoregulation Section, Autoimmunity Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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12
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Belon L, Skidmore P, Mehra R, Walter E. Effect of a fever in viral infections — the ‘Goldilocks’ phenomenon? World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:296-307. [PMID: 33521098 PMCID: PMC7812885 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i2.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute infections, including those due to Coronaviridae and other viruses, often stimulate a febrile response. A mild fever appears to improve outcome; it appears to diminish viral replication by several mechanisms, including virion entry into host cells and genome transcription, and improving host defence mechanisms against the pathogen. However, a fever may also damage host cellular and tissue function and increase metabolic demands. At temperatures at the lower end of the febrile range, the benefit of the fever appears to outweigh the detrimental effects. However, at higher temperatures, the outcome worsens, suggesting that the disadvantages of fever on the host predominate. A non-infective fever is associated with a worse outcome at lower temperatures, suggesting that hyperthermia carries less benefit in the absence of infection. This review discusses the risks and benefits of a fever on the host response, focusing on the effects of a fever on viral replication and host response, and the detrimental effect on the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Belon
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Skidmore
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan Mehra
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Walter
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford GU2 7XX, Surrey, United Kingdom
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13
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Komegae EN, Fonseca MT, Steiner AA. Diet-induced obesity attenuates the hypothermic response to lipopolysaccharide independently of TNF-α production. Temperature (Austin) 2020; 7:270-276. [PMID: 33123620 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2019.1707155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Life-threatening infections (sepsis) are usually associated with co-morbidities, among which obesity deserves attention. Here, we evaluated whether and how obesity affects the switch from fever to hypothermia that occurs in the most severe cases of sepsis, which is thought to provide physiological support for a change in host defense strategy from resistance to tolerance. Obesity was induced by keeping rats on a high-fat diet for 32-34 weeks. The hypothermia induced by a high dose of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 300 μg/animal, i.a.) was attenuated in the obese rats, as compared to their low-fat diet counterparts. Surprisingly, such attenuation occurred in spite of an enhancement in the circulating level of TNF-α, the most renowned mediator of LPS-induced hypothermia. Hence, it seems that factors counteracting not the production, but rather the action of TNF-α are at play in rats with diet-induced obesity. One of these factors might be IL-1β, a febrigenic mediator that also had its circulating levels augmented in the obese rats challenged with LPS. Taken together with previous reports of diet-induced obesity enhancing the fever induced by lower doses of LPS, the results of the present study indicate that obesity biases host defense toward a fever/resistance strategy, in lieu of a hypothermia/tolerance strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evilin N Komegae
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique T Fonseca
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Steiner
- Neuroimmunology of Sepsis Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Simvastatin Posttreatment Controls Inflammation and Improves Bacterial Clearance in Experimental Sepsis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1839762. [PMID: 33110395 PMCID: PMC7582071 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1839762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by an unbalanced host response to microbe infection that can lead to death. Besides being currently the leading cause of death in intensive care units worldwide, sepsis can also induce long-term consequences among survivors, such as cognitive impairment. Statins (lipid-lowering drugs widely used to treat dyslipidemia) have been shown to possess pleiotropic anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. These drugs act inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate, the limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis. In this work, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of simvastatin in an animal model of sepsis. In previous study from our group, statin pretreatment avoided cognitive damage and neuroinflammation in sepsis survivors. Herein, we focused on acute inflammation where sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and the animals were treated with simvastatin (2 mg/kg) 6 h after surgery. We measured plasma biochemical markers of organ dysfunction, cell migration, cell activation, bacterial elimination, production of nitric oxide 24 h after CLP, survival rate for 7 days, and cognitive impairment 15 days after CLP. One single administration of simvastatin 6 h after CLP was able to prevent both liver and kidney dysfunction. In addition, this drug decreased cell accumulation in the peritoneum as well as the levels of TNF-α, MIF, IL-6, and IL-1β. Simvastatin diminished the number of bacterial colony forming units (CFU) and increased the production of nitric oxide production in the peritoneum. Simvastatin treatment increased survival for the first 24 h, but it did not alter survival rate at the end of 7 days. Our results showed that posttreatment with simvastatin hampered organ dysfunction, increased local production of nitric oxide, improved bacterial clearance, and modulated inflammation in a relevant model of sepsis.
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15
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Goyal K, Garg N, Bithal P. Central fever: a challenging clinical entity in neurocritical care. JOURNAL OF NEUROCRITICAL CARE 2020. [DOI: 10.18700/jnc.190090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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16
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Lasia spinosa Leaf Extract in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103439. [PMID: 32414062 PMCID: PMC7279483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites was used as a traditional medicine to treat many inflammatory diseases for centuries. However, its effects on the inflammatory response are not yet characterized. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activities of L. spinosa leaf extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. We found that ethanol extracts of L. spinosa leaves showed anti-oxidant activity due to the presence of high levels of polyphenolic compounds. Treatment with the leaf extract significantly repressed the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, L. spinosa leaf extract treatment prevented activation of the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway by inhibiting nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, alpha (IκBα) degradation. Furthermore, the mitogen-activated kinase and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways were suppressed upon treatment with the leaf extract. In addition to suppressing inflammatory factors, the extract also activated the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme-oxygenase-1 pathway. We propose that L. spinosa leaf extract has the potential as an effective therapeutic agent for alleviating oxidative stress and excessive inflammation.
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17
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Mul Fedele ML, Aiello I, Caldart CS, Golombek DA, Marpegan L, Paladino N. Differential Thermoregulatory and Inflammatory Patterns in the Circadian Response to LPS-Induced Septic Shock. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:100. [PMID: 32226779 PMCID: PMC7080817 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, and characterized by uncontrolled inflammation together with immunosuppression, impaired innate immune functions of phagocytes and complement activation. Septic patients develop fever or hypothermia, being the last one characteristic of severe cases. Both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α- induced septic shock in mice is dependent on the time of administration. In this study, we aimed to further characterize the circadian response to high doses of LPS. First, we found that mice injected with LPS at ZT11 developed a higher hypothermia than those inoculated at ZT19. This response was accompanied by higher neuronal activation of the preoptic, suprachiasmatic, and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus. However, LPS-induced Tnf-α and Tnf-α type 1 receptor (TNFR1) expression in the preoptic area was time-independent. We also analyzed peritoneal and spleen macrophages, and observed an exacerbated response after ZT11 stimulation. The serum of mice inoculated with LPS at ZT11 induced deeper hypothermia in naïve animals than the one coming from ZT19-inoculated mice, related to higher TNF-α serum levels during the day. We also analyzed the response in TNFR1-deficient mice, and found that both the daily difference in the mortality rate, the hypothermic response and neuronal activation were lost. Moreover, mice subjected to circadian desynchronization showed no differences in the mortality rate throughout the day, and developed lower minimum temperatures than mice under light-dark conditions. Also, those injected at ZT11 showed increased levels of TNF-α in serum compared to standard light conditions. These results suggest a circadian dependency of the central thermoregulatory and peripheral inflammatory response to septic-shock, with TNF-α playing a central role in this circadian response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malena Lis Mul Fedele
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Aiello
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Sebastián Caldart
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diego Andrés Golombek
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciano Marpegan
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia Paladino
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Hankittichai P, Buacheen P, Pitchakarn P, Na Takuathung M, Wikan N, Smith DR, Potikanond S, Nimlamool W. Artocarpus lakoocha Extract Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041355. [PMID: 32079307 PMCID: PMC7072914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb. (AL) has been known for its high content of stilbenoids, especially oxyresveratrol. AL has been used in Thai traditional medicine for centuries. However, the role of AL in regulating inflammation has not been elucidated. Here we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammation of AL ethanolic extract in RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. The HPLC results revealed that this plant was rich in oxyresveratrol, and AL ethanolic extract exhibited anti-inflammatory properties. In particular, AL extract decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated production and secretion of cytokines and chemokine, including IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. Consistently, the extract inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the supernatants of LPS-stimulated cells. Data from the immunofluorescence study showed that AL extract suppressed nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) upon LPS induction. Results from Western blot analysis further confirmed that AL extract strongly prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IκB which is normally required for the activation of NF-κB. The protein expression of iNOS and COX-2 in response to LPS stimulation was significantly decreased with the presence of AL extract. AL extract was found to play an anti-inflammatory role, in part through inhibiting LPS-induced activation of Akt. The extract had negligible impact on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Specifically, incubation of cells with the extract for only 3 h demonstrated the rapid action of AL extract on inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt, but not ERK1/2. Longer exposure (24 h) to AL extract was required to mildly reduce the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, p38, and JNK MAPKs. These results indicate that AL extract manipulates its anti-inflammatory effects mainly through blocking the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB signal transduction pathways. Collectively, we believe that AL could be a potential alternative agent for alleviating excessive inflammation in many inflammation-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phateep Hankittichai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pensiri Buacheen
- Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Pornsiri Pitchakarn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Mingkwan Na Takuathung
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Nitwara Wikan
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.W.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Duncan R. Smith
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakorn Pathom 73170, Thailand; (N.W.); (D.R.S.)
| | - Saranyapin Potikanond
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Wutigri Nimlamool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (P.H.); (M.N.T.); (S.P.)
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +66-53-934597
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Abstract
Sepsis continues to be a major challenge for modern medicine. Several preclinical models were developed to study sepsis and each has strengths and weaknesses. The cecal slurry (CS) method is a practical alternative because it does not require surgery, and the infection can be dosed. However, one disadvantage is that the dosage must be determined for each CS preparation using survival studies. Our aim was to refine a survival protocol for the CS model by determining a premonitory humane endpoint that would reduce animal suffering. Mice become hypothermic in sepsis; therefore, we tested whether reductions in surface temperature (Ts), measured by noninvasive infrared thermometry, could predict eventual death. We injected 154 C57BL/6J mice with CS (0.9-1.8 mg/g) and periodically monitored Ts at the xiphoid process over 5 days. We used, as predictors, combinations of temperature thresholds (29°C -31°C) and times, postinjection (18-36 h). A receiver-operator curve, sensitivity, and specificity were determined. A Distress Index value was calculated for the threshold conditions. The optimum detection threshold (highest Youden index) was found at Ts ≤ 30.5°C at 24 h (90% specific, 84% sensitive). This threshold condition reduced animal suffering by 41% while providing an accurate survival rate estimate. Using this threshold, only 13 of 154 mice would have died from sepsis; 67 would have been euthanized at 24 h, and only 7 of 154 would have been euthanized unnecessarily. In conclusion, using a humane endpoint of Ts ≤ 30.5°C at 24 h accurately predicts mortality and can effectively reduce animal suffering during CS survival protocols.
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Prompt Administration of Antibiotics and Fluids in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Murine Trial. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e426-e434. [PMID: 29369056 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis, the acute organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, poses a serious public health burden. Current management includes early detection, initiation of antibiotics and fluids, and source control as necessary. Although observational data suggest that delays of even a few hours in the initiation of antibiotics or IV fluids is associated with survival, these findings are controversial. There are no randomized data in humans, and prior animal studies studied time from experimental manipulation, not from the onset of clinical features of sepsis. Using a recently developed murine cecal ligation and puncture model that precisely monitors physiologic deterioration, we hypothesize that incremental hourly delays in the first dose of antibiotics, in the first bolus of fluid resuscitation, or a combination of the two at a clinically relevant point of physiologic deterioration during polymicrobial sepsis will shorten survival. DESIGN Randomized laboratory animal experimental trial. SETTING University basic science laboratory. SUBJECTS Male C57BL/6J, female C57BL/6J, aged (40-50 wk old) male C57BL/6J, and BALB/C mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice (n = 200) underwent biotelemetry-enhanced cecal ligation and puncture and were randomized after meeting validated criteria for acute physiologic deterioration. Treatment groups consisted of a single dose of imipenem/cilastatin, a single bolus of 30 mL/kg fluid resuscitation, or a combination of the two. Mice were allocated to receive treatment at the time of meeting deterioration criteria, after a 2-hour delay or after a 4-hour delay. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Hourly delays in the initiation of antibiotic therapy led to progressively shortened survival in our model (p < 0.001). The addition of fluid resuscitation was unable to rescue animals, which received treatment 4 hours after meeting enrollment criteria. Systemic inflammation was increased, and host physiology was increasingly deranged with hourly delays to antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that antibiotic therapy is highly time sensitive, and efforts should be made to deliver this critical therapy as early as possible in sepsis, perhaps extending into the first point of medical contact outside the hospital.
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Bailey KL, Smith LM, Heires AJ, Katafiasz DM, Romberger DJ, LeVan TD. Aging leads to dysfunctional innate immune responses to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1185-1193. [PMID: 30402800 PMCID: PMC6504629 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-1064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is more common in the elderly. TNF⍺ is recognized as an important mediator in sepsis and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in initiating signaling cascades to produce TNF⍺. Little is known about how innate immunity is altered in healthy human aging that predisposes to sepsis. AIMS AND METHODS We tested the hypothesis that aging dysregulates the innate immune response to TLR 2 and 4 ligands. We performed whole blood assays on 554 healthy subjects aged 40-80 years. TNFα production was measured at baseline and after stimulation with the TLR2 agonists: peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acid, Pam3CysK, Zymosan A and the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In a subset of subjects (n = 250), we measured Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, 4 and MyD88 expression using real-time PCR. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We measured a 2.5% increase per year in basal secretion of TNFα with aging (n = 554 p = 0.02). Likewise, TNFα secretion was increased with aging after stimulation with peptidoglycan (1.3% increase/year; p = 0.0005) and zymosan A (1.1% increase/year p = 0.03). We also examined the difference between baseline and stimulated TNFα for each individual. We found that the increase was driven by the elevated baseline levels. In fact, there was a diminished stimulated response to LPS (1.9% decrease/year; p = 0.05), lipoteichoic acid (2.1% decrease/year p = 0.03), and Pam3CysK (2.6% decrease/year p = 0.0007). There were no differences in TLR or MyD88 mRNA expression with aging, however, there was an inverse relationship between TLR expression and stimulated TNFα production. CONCLUSIONS With aging, circulating leukocytes produce high levels of TNFα at baseline and have inadequate responses to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. These defects likely contribute to the increased susceptibility to sepsis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina L Bailey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA.
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA.
| | - Lynette M Smith
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Art J Heires
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Dawn M Katafiasz
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
| | - Debra J Romberger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
| | - Tricia D LeVan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5910, USA
- VA Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, 68105, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Shen Y, Yu J, Jing Y, Zhang J. MiR-106a aggravates sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by targeting THBS2 in mice model. Acta Cir Bras 2019; 34:e201900602. [PMID: 31432993 PMCID: PMC6705346 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020190060000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the role and related mechanisms of miR-106a in sepsis-induced AKI. METHODS Serum from sepsis and healthy patients was collected, sepsis mouse model was established by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). TCMK-1 cells were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and transfected with THBS2-small interfering RNA (siTHBS2), miR-106a inhibitor, miR-106a mimics and their negative controls (NCs). The expression of miR-106a, thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and Bcl-2, cell viability, relative caspase-3 activity and TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 content were respectively detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between miR-106a and THBS2 was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS MiR-106a was up-regulated in serum of sepsis patients, CLP-induced mice models and LPS-induced TCMK-1 cells. LPS reduced cell viability and Bcl-2 expression, and increased caspase-3 activity, Bax expression, the content of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. THBS2 was a target of miR-106a. The decreases of caspase-3 activity, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, Bax expression and the increases of cell viability, Bcl-2 expression caused by miR-106a knockdown were reversed when THBS2 silencing in LPS-stimulated TCMK-1 cells. CONCLUSION MiR-106a aggravated LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of TCMK-1 cells via regulating THBS2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yezhou Shen
- Bachelor, Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. Conception and design of the study, acquisition of data, technical procedures, manuscript preparation and writing
| | - Jiaoyang Yu
- Master, Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | - Yunyan Jing
- Master, Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. Technical procedures, acquisition of data
| | - Jian Zhang
- Bachelor, Intensive Care Unit, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China. Statistical analysis, interpretation of data
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Wang A, Luan HH, Medzhitov R. An evolutionary perspective on immunometabolism. Science 2019; 363:363/6423/eaar3932. [PMID: 30630899 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Metabolism is at the core of all biological functions. Anabolic metabolism uses building blocks that are either derived from nutrients or synthesized de novo to produce the biological infrastructure, whereas catabolic metabolism generates energy to fuel all biological processes. Distinct metabolic programs are required to support different biological functions. Thus, recent studies have revealed how signals regulating cell quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation also induce the appropriate metabolic programs. In particular, a wealth of new studies in the field of immunometabolism has unveiled many examples of the connection among metabolism, cell fate decisions, and organismal physiology. We discuss these findings under a unifying framework derived from the evolutionary and ecological principles of life history theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wang
- Department of Medicine (Rheumatology), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Harding H Luan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ruslan Medzhitov
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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24
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Dong L, Li H, Zhang S, Yang G. miR‑148 family members are putative biomarkers for sepsis. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5133-5141. [PMID: 31059023 PMCID: PMC6522910 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a type of systemic inflammatory response caused by infection. The present study aimed to identify novel targets for the treatment of sepsis. We conducted bioinformatic analysis of the microarray Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE12624, which includes data on 34 patients with sepsis and 36 healthy individuals without sepsis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sepsis patients were identified using Bayesian methods included in the limma package in R. Correlations among the expression values of DEGs were analyzed using the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct a co-expression network. Subsequently, the generated co-expression network was visualized using Cytoscape 3.3 software. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed based on all the DEGs using STRING. Finally, the integrated regulatory network was constructed based on DEGs, microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs). A total of 407 DEGs were identified in the sepsis samples, including 227 upregulated DEGs and 180 downregulated DEGs. WGCNA grouped the DEGs into 13 co-expressed modules. Additionally, MAP3K8 and RPS6KA5 in the MEyellow module were enriched in the MAPK and TNF signaling pathways. In addition, the PPI network comprised 48 nodes and 112 edges, which included the pairs MAP3K8-RPS6KA5, MAP3K8-IL10, RPS6KA5-EXOSC4 and EXOSC4-EXOSC5. Lastly, the TF-miRNA-target DEG regulatory network was constructed based on eight TFs (NF-κB), seven miRNAs (miR152, miR-148A/B), and 52 TF-miRNA-target gene triplets (17 upregulated genes, including MAP3K8, and 10 downregulated genes, including RPS6KA5). Our analysis showed that the members of the miR-148 family (miR-148A/B and miR-152) are candidate biomarkers for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Dong
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Shunli Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
| | - Guanzheng Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong 272011, P.R. China
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25
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Gupta S, Khajuria V, Wani A, Nalli Y, Bhagat A, Ali A, Ahmed Z. Murrayanine Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation and Protects Mice from Sepsis-associated Organ Failure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124:351-359. [PMID: 29719125 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Murrayanine (MK) is the main compound isolated from Murraya koenigii, an aromatic plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, also known as curry leaf tree. Murrayanine was reported to possess potential antioxidant, antimycobacterial and antifungal effects. However, its effect in sepsis remains unclear. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of MK using both in vitro and in vivo assay. Results of this study indicated that MK decreased NO, TNF-α and IL-6 production in both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and murine peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, iNOS and COX-2 protein expression as well as their downstream product, PGE2, was also decreased effectively in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, MK decreased the phosphorylation of IKB and repressed NF-kB activity in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, we evaluated MK efficacy in vivo using LPS-induced sepsis, a systemic inflammation model in mice. Administration of MK inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) secretion; decreases AST, ALT, BUN and CRE level in mouse sera; mitigates lung, liver and kidney injuries; and also increases LPS-challenged mice survival rate. Collectively, our results suggest that MK exerts potential as a new anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug in sepsis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Gupta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vidushi Khajuria
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abubakar Wani
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Yedukondalu Nalli
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asha Bhagat
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Asif Ali
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zabeer Ahmed
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicines, Jammu Tawi, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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26
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Li C, Yan S, He W, Yang S, Sun J, Gu N. Real-time Temperature Measurements of HMEC-1 Cells during Inflammation Production and Repair detected by Wireless Thermometry. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2018; 66:1898-1904. [PMID: 30418879 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2880740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Cell inflammation process is reflected through real-time in situ cellular temperature changes. METHODS A wireless thermometry system for in situ cellular temperature measurements was used in an incubator to detect the HMEC-1 cellular temperature under lipopolysaccharide inflammation production and norepinephrine for inflammation repair. Combining the changes in cell viability, inflammatory factor levels and ATP content caused by different lipopolysaccharide or norepinephrine doses, an obvious inflammatory response and repair effect was obtained. Temperature variations were correlated with ATP content. RESULTS An obvious inflammatory response with a lipopolysaccharide concentration of 0.1 mg/L and an optimal repair effect with 1 μM norepinephrine were obtained. The relationship between temperature changes and ATP content were quite different during the production of inflammation in HMEC-1 cells, having an approximately linear relationship, while under conditions of inflammation repair in HMEC-1 cells, there was an obvious nonlinear relationship. CONCLUSION During cell damage, cell thermogenesis has a linear correlation with intracellular energy. While during cell repair, there is a gradual saturation relationship between the temperature (small range) and ATP, which may be because the thermogenesis capacity of the cell is enhanced compared to conditions during cell energy storage. Additionally, there is an optimal drug concentration for cell action during cell injury and cell repair, which is not dose-dependent. SIGNIFICANCE Whether in inflammation production or treatment, there is an optimal drug concentration. The relationship between cell thermogenesis and intracellular energy reserves is related to cell processes. Quick analysis of the energy changes in different physiological process can be realized.
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27
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Silwal P, Lim K, Heo JY, Park JI, Namgung U, Park SK. Adenine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory reactions. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 22:379-389. [PMID: 29962852 PMCID: PMC6019877 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.4.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A nucleobase adenine is a fundamental component of nucleic acids and adenine nucleotides. Various biological roles of adenine have been discovered. It is not produced from degradation of adenine nucleotides in mammals but produced mainly during polyamine synthesis by dividing cells. Anti-inflammatory roles of adenine have been supported in IgE-mediated allergic reactions, immunological functions of lymphocytes and dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis. However adenine effects on Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated inflammation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram negative bacteria, is not examined. Here we investigated anti-inflammatory roles of adenine in LPS-stimulated immune cells, including a macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMCs) and peritoneal cells in mice. In RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS, adenine inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 and inflammatory lipid mediators, prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4. Adenine impeded signaling pathways eliciting production of these inflammatory mediators. It suppressed IκB phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), phosphorylation of Akt and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) JNK and ERK. Although adenine raised cellular AMP which could activate AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK), the enzyme activity was not enhanced. In BMMCs, adenine inhibited the LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-13 and also hindered phosphorylation of NF-κB and Akt. In peritoneal cavity, adenine suppressed the LPS-induced production of TNF-α and IL-6 by peritoneal cells in mice. These results show that adenine attenuates the LPS-induced inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Kyu Lim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jun-Young Heo
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Jong Il Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
| | - Uk Namgung
- Department of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea
| | - Seung-Kiel Park
- Department of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 35015, Korea
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28
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Zhao Y, Ding C. Effects of Hydrocortisone on Regulating Inflammation, Hemodynamic Stability, and Preventing Shock in Severe Sepsis Patients. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:3612-3619. [PMID: 29845974 PMCID: PMC6004931 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Severe sepsis is among the most common causes of death in Emergency Departments, with more than 30% mortality. Hydrocortisone is used in severe sepsis patients who were not responsive to fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. However, the effect of hydrocortisone on regulating inflammation, hemodynamic stability, and preventing shock is still unclear in Chinese patients. Material/Methods In this prospective observational study, we included 105 severe sepsis patients. We measured the level of serum inflammatory cytokines, hemodynamic variables, and phagocytic ability of innate immune cells during the treatment. We analyzed the relationship between these variables and the hydrocortisone treatment. Results We treated 43 (41.0%) patients with hydrocortisone, while the other 62 (59.0%) patients were not, based on their response to fluid resuscitation and vasopressor therapy. The hydrocortisone group had a mean simplified acute physiology score (SAPS) II score of 41.8 with standard deviation (SD) of 7.1, while the non-hydrocortisone group had a mean SAPS II score of 36.7 with SD of 7.3. The mean sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores of these 2 groups were 10.6 and 9.2, respectively. We found an obvious decrease of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6, after hydrocortisone treatment. However, these changes were not observed in the non-hydrocortisone group. What’s more, amelioration of hemodynamic variables was observed after hydrocortisone treatment. No significant association between hydrocortisone treatment and innate immune cell phagocytic function was observed. Conclusions Based on these results, we believe that hydrocortisone treatment has potential anti-inflammatory, hemodynamic reversal, and stability effects on severe sepsis patients. These key benefits may help patients by preventing septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
| | - Cong Ding
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China (mainland)
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29
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Yan J, Zhang H, Xiang J, Zhao Y, Yuan X, Sun B, Lin A. The BH3-only protein BAD mediates TNFα cytotoxicity despite concurrent activation of IKK and NF-κB in septic shock. Cell Res 2018; 28:701-718. [PMID: 29795446 PMCID: PMC6028455 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-018-0041-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine TNFα plays a crucial role in the pathology of many inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, the mechanism underlying TNFα cytotoxicity in these diseases is incompletely understood. Here we report that the pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family member BAD mediates TNFα cytotoxicity despite concurrent activation of IKK and NF-κB in vitro by inducing apoptosis in cultured cells and in vivo by eliciting tissue damage of multiple organs and contributing to mortality in septic shock. At high doses, TNFα significantly inactivates RhoA through activation of the Src-p190GAP pathway, resulting in massive actin stress fiber destabilization, followed by substantial BAD release from the cytoskeleton to the cytosol. Under this condition, activated IKK fails to phosphorylate all cytosolic BAD, allowing translocation of non-phosphorylated BAD to mitochondria to trigger apoptosis. Polymicrobial infection utilizes the same mechanism as high-dose TNFα to elicit apoptosis-associated tissue damage of multiple organs. Consequently, loss of Bad or elimination of BAD pro-apoptotic activity protects mice from tissue damage of multiple organs and reduces mortality rates. Our results support a model in which BAD mediates TNFα cytotoxicity despite concurrent activation of the IKK-NF-κB pathway in cultured mammalian cells and in septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allery & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jialing Xiang
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Biology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Xiang Yuan
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,The State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Anning Lin
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA. .,The Second Affiliated Hospital, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allery & Clinical Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China.
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30
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Wolf D, Anto-Michel N, Blankenbach H, Wiedemann A, Buscher K, Hohmann JD, Lim B, Bäuml M, Marki A, Mauler M, Duerschmied D, Fan Z, Winkels H, Sidler D, Diehl P, Zajonc DM, Hilgendorf I, Stachon P, Marchini T, Willecke F, Schell M, Sommer B, von Zur Muhlen C, Reinöhl J, Gerhardt T, Plow EF, Yakubenko V, Libby P, Bode C, Ley K, Peter K, Zirlik A. A ligand-specific blockade of the integrin Mac-1 selectively targets pathologic inflammation while maintaining protective host-defense. Nat Commun 2018; 9:525. [PMID: 29410422 PMCID: PMC5802769 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin-based therapeutics have garnered considerable interest in the medical treatment of inflammation. Integrins mediate the fast recruitment of monocytes and neutrophils to the site of inflammation, but are also required for host defense, limiting their therapeutic use. Here, we report a novel monoclonal antibody, anti-M7, that specifically blocks the interaction of the integrin Mac-1 with its pro-inflammatory ligand CD40L, while not interfering with alternative ligands. Anti-M7 selectively reduces leukocyte recruitment in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, conventional anti-Mac-1 therapy is not specific and blocks a broad repertoire of integrin functionality, inhibits phagocytosis, promotes apoptosis, and fuels a cytokine storm in vivo. Whereas conventional anti-integrin therapy potentiates bacterial sepsis, bacteremia, and mortality, a ligand-specific intervention with anti-M7 is protective. These findings deepen our understanding of ligand-specific integrin functions and open a path for a new field of ligand-targeted anti-integrin therapy to prevent inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Wolf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.,Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathaly Anto-Michel
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Hermann Blankenbach
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Ansgar Wiedemann
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Konrad Buscher
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jan David Hohmann
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 8008, VIC, Australia
| | - Bock Lim
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 8008, VIC, Australia
| | - Marina Bäuml
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Alex Marki
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Maximilian Mauler
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Zhichao Fan
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Holger Winkels
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Sidler
- Division of Nephrology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, 3010, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Diehl
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Dirk M Zajonc
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Peter Stachon
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Timoteo Marchini
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Florian Willecke
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schell
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany.,Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Björn Sommer
- Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty of the University of Erlangen, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Constantin von Zur Muhlen
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Jochen Reinöhl
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Teresa Gerhardt
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Valentin Yakubenko
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Christoph Bode
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
| | - Klaus Ley
- Inflammation Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, 8008, VIC, Australia.
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center, and Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
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Zymosan-Induced Peritonitis: Effects on Cardiac Function, Temperature Regulation, Translocation of Bacteria, and Role of Dectin-1. Shock 2018; 46:723-730. [PMID: 27380533 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zymosan-induced peritonitis is a model commonly used to study systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. However, effects of zymosan on cardiac function have not been reported. We evaluated cardiac responses to zymosan in mice and the role of β-glucan and dectin-1 in mediating these responses. Temperature and cardiac function were evaluated before and after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of zymosan (100 or 500 mg/kg) or saline. Chronotropic and dromotropic functions were measured using electrocardiograms (ECGs) collected from conscious mice. Cardiac inotropic function was determined by echocardiography. High-dose zymosan caused a rapid and maintained hypothermia along with visual signs of illness. Baseline heart rate (HR) was unaffected but HR variability (HRV) increased, and there was a modest slowing of ventricular conduction. High-dose zymosan also caused prominent decreases in cardiac contractility at 4 and 24 h. Because zymosan is known to cause gastrointestinal tract pathology, peritoneal wash and blood samples were evaluated for bacteria at 24 h after zymosan or saline injection. Translocation of bacterial occurred in all zymosan-treated mice (n = 3), and two had bacteremia. Purified β-glucan (50 and 125 mg/kg, i.p.) had no effect on temperature or ECG parameters. However, deletion of dectin-1 modified the ECG responses to high-dose zymosan; slowing of ventricular conduction and the increase in HRV were eliminated but a marked bradycardia appeared at 24 h after zymosan treatment. Zymosan-treated dectin-1 knockout mice also showed hypothermia and visual signs of illness. Fecal samples from dectin-1 knockout mice contained more bacteria than wild types, but zymosan caused less translocation of bacteria. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that zymosan-induced systemic inflammation causes cardiac dysfunction in mice. The data suggest that dectin-1-dependent and -independent mechanisms are involved. Although zymosan treatment causes translocation of bacteria, this effect does not have a major role in the overall systemic response to zymosan.
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32
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Flatow EA, Komegae EN, Fonseca MT, Brito CF, Musteata FM, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Steiner AA. Elucidating the role of leptin in systemic inflammation: a study targeting physiological leptin levels in rats and their macrophages. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R572-R582. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00171.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
To elucidate the role of leptin in acute systemic inflammation, we investigated how its infusion at low, physiologically relevant doses affects the responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats subjected to 24 h of food deprivation. Leptin was infused subcutaneously (0–20 μg·kg−1·h−1) or intracerebroventricularly (0–1 μg·kg−1·h−1). Using hypothermia and hypotension as biomarkers of systemic inflammation, we identified the phase extending from 90 to 240 min post-LPS as the most susceptible to modulation by leptin. In this phase, leptin suppressed the rise in plasma TNF-α and accelerated the recoveries from hypothermia and hypotension. Suppression of TNF-α was not accompanied by changes in other cytokines or prostaglandins. Leptin suppressed TNF-α when infused peripherally but not when infused into the brain. Importantly, the leptin dose that suppressed TNF-α corresponded to the lowest dose that limited food consumption; this dose elevated plasma leptin within the physiological range (to 5.9 ng/ml). We then conducted in vitro experiments to investigate whether an action of leptin on macrophages could parallel our in vivo observations. The results revealed that, when sensitized by food deprivation, LPS-stimulated peritoneal macrophages can be inhibited by leptin at concentrations that are lower than those reported to promote cytokine release. It is concluded that physiological levels of leptin do not exert a proinflammatory effect but rather an anti-inflammatory effect involving selective suppression of TNF-α via an action outside the brain. The mechanism of this effect might involve a previously unrecognized, suppressive action of leptin on macrophage subpopulations sensitized by food deprivation, but future studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Flatow
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evilin N. Komegae
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monique T. Fonseca
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila F. Brito
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Florin M. Musteata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York; and
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. Steiner
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kim SS, Park SH, Lee JR, Jung JS, Suh HW. The activation of α 2-adrenergic receptor in the spinal cord lowers sepsis-induced mortality. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 21:495-507. [PMID: 28883754 PMCID: PMC5587600 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2017.21.5.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The effect of clonidine administered intrathecally (i.t.) on the mortality and the blood glucose level induced by sepsis was examined in mice. To produce sepsis, the mixture of D-galactosamine (GaLN; 0.6 g/10 ml)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 27 µg/27 µl) was treated intraperitoneally (i.p.). The i.t. pretreatment with clonidine (5 µg/5 µl) increased the blood glucose level and attenuated mortality induced by sepsis in a dose-dependent manner. The i.t. post-treatment with clonidine up to 3 h caused an elevation of the blood glucose level and protected sepsis-induced mortality, whereas clonidine post-treated at 6, 9, or 12 h did not affect. The pre-treatment with oral D-glucose for 30 min prior to i.t. post-treatment (6 h) with clonidine did not rescue sepsis-induced mortality. In addition, i.t. pretreatment with pertussis toxin (PTX) reduced clonidine-induced protection against mortality and clonidine-induced hyperglycemia, suggesting that protective effect against sepsis-induced mortality seems to be mediated via activating PTX-sensitive G-proteins in the spinal cord. Moreover, pretreatment with clonidine attenuated the plasma tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) induced by sepsis. Clonidine administered i.t. or i.p. increased p-AMPKα1 and p-AMPKα2, but decreased p-Tyk2 and p-mTOR levels in both control and sepsis groups, suggesting that the up-regulations of p-AMPKα1 and p-AMPKα2, or down-regulations of p-mTOR and p-Tyk2 may play critical roles for the protective effect of clonidine against sepsis-induced mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Su Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jae-Ryung Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Jun-Sub Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Hong-Won Suh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Natural Medicine, College of Medicine Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
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Jan JS, Chou YC, Cheng YW, Chen CK, Huang WJ, Hsiao G. The Novel HDAC8 Inhibitor WK2-16 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Activated Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Human Monocytic Cells and Improves Hypercytokinemia In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071394. [PMID: 28661460 PMCID: PMC5535887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated human monocytes/macrophages can synthesize and secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which play important roles in the progression of sepsis. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC8) inhibitor, (E)-N-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-(biphenyl-4-yl)cinnamide (WK2-16), on MMP-9 production and activation in stimulated human monocytic THP-1 cells. Our results demonstrated that the acetylation level of structural maintenance of chromosomes 3 (SMC3) was up-regulated by WK2-16 in THP-1 cells. Consistently, an in vitro enzyme study demonstrated that WK2-16 selectively inhibited HDAC8 activity. Moreover, the WK2-16 concentration dependently suppressed MMP-9-mediated gelatinolysis induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, WK2-16 significantly inhibited both MMP-9 protein and mRNA expression without cellular toxicity. Nevertheless, WK2-16 suppressed the extracellular levels of interleukin (IL)-6 from LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells. For the signaling studies, WK2-16 had no effect on LPS/TLR4 downstream signaling pathways, such as the NF-κB and ERK/JNK/P38 MAPK pathways. On the other hand, WK2-16 enhanced the recruitment of acetylated Yin Yang 1 (YY1) with HDAC1. Finally, in vivo studies indicated that WK2-16 could reduce the serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in endotoxemic mice. These results suggested that HDAC8 inhibition might provide a novel therapeutic strategy of hypercytokinemia in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Shiun Jan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Chen Chou
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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Use of Biotelemetry to Define Physiology-Based Deterioration Thresholds in a Murine Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model of Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2017; 44:e420-31. [PMID: 26862708 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Murine models of critical illness are commonly used to test new therapeutic interventions. However, these interventions are often administered at fixed time intervals after the insult, perhaps ignoring the inherent variability in magnitude and temporality of the host response. We propose to use wireless biotelemetry monitoring to define and validate criteria for acute deterioration and generate a physiology-based murine cecal ligation and puncture model that is more similar to the conduct of human trials of sepsis. DESIGN Laboratory and animal research. SETTING University basic science laboratory. SUBJECTS Male C57BL/6 mice. INTERVENTIONS Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture, and an HD-X11 wireless telemetry monitor (Data Sciences International) was implanted that enabled continuous, real-time measurement of heart rate, core temperature, and mobility. We performed a population-based analysis to determine threshold criteria that met face validity for acute physiologic deterioration. We assessed construct validity by temporally matching mice that met these acute physiologic deterioration thresholds with mice that had not yet met deterioration threshold. We analyzed matched blood samples for blood gas, inflammatory cytokine concentration, cystatin C, and alanine aminotransferase. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We observed that a 10% reduction in both heart rate and temperature sustained for greater than or equal to 10 minutes defined acute physiologic deterioration. There was significant variability in the time to reach acute deterioration threshold across mice, ranging from 339 to 529 minutes after cecal ligation and puncture. We found adequate construct validity, as mice that met criteria for acute deterioration had significantly worse shock, systemic inflammation (elevated tumor necrosis factor-α, p = 0.003; interleukin-6, p = 0.01; interleukin-10, p = 0.005), and acute kidney injury when compared with mice that had not yet met acute deterioration criteria. CONCLUSIONS We defined a murine threshold for acute physiologic deterioration after cecal ligation and puncture that has adequate face and construct validity. This model may enable a more physiology-based model for evaluation of novel therapeutics in critical illness.
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Vanoni S, Tsai YT, Waddell A, Waggoner L, Klarquist J, Divanovic S, Hoebe K, Steinbrecher KA, Hogan SP. Myeloid-derived NF-κB negative regulation of PU.1 and c/EBP-β-driven pro-inflammatory cytokine production restrains LPS-induced shock. Innate Immun 2017; 23:175-187. [PMID: 27932520 PMCID: PMC5563821 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916681444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening event predominantly caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Bacterial infection causes a pronounced macrophage (MΦ) and dendritic cell activation that leads to excessive pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α production (cytokine storm), resulting in endotoxic shock. Previous experimental studies have revealed that inhibiting NF-κB signaling ameliorates disease symptoms; however, the contribution of myeloid p65 in endotoxic shock remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate increased mortality in mice lacking p65 in the myeloid lineage (p65Δmye) compared with wild type mice upon ultra-pure LPS challenge. We show that increased susceptibility to LPS-induced shock was associated with elevated serum level of IL-1β and IL-6. Mechanistic analyses revealed that LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine production was ameliorated in p65-deficient bone marrow-derived MΦs; however, p65-deficient 'activated' peritoneal MΦs exhibited elevated IL-1β and IL-6. We show that the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion was due, in part, to increased accumulation of IL-1β mRNA and protein in activated inflammatory MΦs. The increased IL-1β was linked with heightened binding of PU.1 and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-β to Il1b and Il6 promoters in activated inflammatory MΦs. Our data provide insight into a role for NF-κB in the negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Vanoni
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Yi Ting Tsai
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Amanda Waddell
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Lisa Waggoner
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Jared Klarquist
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Senad Divanovic
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Kasper Hoebe
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Kris A. Steinbrecher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
| | - Simon P. Hogan
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229
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Vargas N, Marino F. Heat stress, gastrointestinal permeability and interleukin-6 signaling - Implications for exercise performance and fatigue. Temperature (Austin) 2016; 3:240-251. [PMID: 27857954 PMCID: PMC4964994 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2016.1179380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise in heat stress exacerbates performance decrements compared to normothermic environments. It has been documented that the performance decrements are associated with reduced efferent drive from the central nervous system (CNS), however, specific factors that contribute to the decrements are not completely understood. During exertional heat stress, blood flow is preferentially distributed away from the intestinal area to supply the muscles and brain with oxygen. Consequently, the gastrointestinal barrier becomes increasingly permeable, resulting in the release of lipopolysaccharides (LPS, endotoxin) into the circulation. LPS leakage stimulates an acute-phase inflammatory response, including the release of interleukin (IL)-6 in response to an increasingly endotoxic environment. If LPS translocation is too great, heat shock, neurological dysfunction, or death may ensue. IL-6 acts initially in a pro-inflammatory manner during endotoxemia, but can attenuate the response through signaling the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA)-axis. Likewise, IL-6 is believed to be a thermoregulatory sensor in the gut during the febrile response, hence highlighting its role in periphery – to – brain communication. Recently, IL-6 has been implicated in signaling the CNS and influencing perceptions of fatigue and performance during exercise. Therefore, due to the cascade of events that occur during exertional heat stress, it is possible that the release of LPS and exacerbated response of IL-6 contributes to CNS modulation during exertional heat stress. The purpose of this review is to evaluate previous literature and discuss the potential role for IL-6 during exertional heat stress to modulate performance in favor of whole body preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Vargas
- School of Exercise Science, Sport & Health, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank Marino
- School of Exercise Science, Sport & Health, Charles Sturt University , Bathurst, NSW, Australia
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Micheliolide inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response and protects mice from LPS challenge. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23240. [PMID: 26984741 PMCID: PMC4794649 DOI: 10.1038/srep23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is the principal cause of fatality in the intensive care units worldwide. It involves uncontrolled inflammatory response resulting in multi-organ failure and even death. Micheliolide (MCL), a sesquiterpene lactone, was reported to inhibit dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced inflammatory intestinal disease, colitis-associated cancer and rheumatic arthritis. Nevertheless, the role of MCL in microbial infection and sepsis is unclear. We demonstrated that MCL decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS, the main cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria)-mediated production of cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1, etc) in Raw264.7 cells, primary macrophages, dendritic cells and human monocytes. MCL plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/p70S6K pathways. It has negligible impact on the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In the acute peritonitis mouse model, MCL reduced the secretion of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, IFN-β and IL-10 in sera, and ameliorated lung and liver damage. MCL down-regulated the high mortality rate caused by lethal LPS challenge. Collectively, our data illustrated that MCL enabled maintenance of immune equilibrium may represent a potentially new anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive drug candidate in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock.
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Rummel C, Bredehöft J, Damm J, Schweighöfer H, Peek V, Harden LM. Obesity Impacts Fever and Sickness Behavior During Acute Systemic Inflammation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2016; 31:117-30. [DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00049.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is reaching dramatic proportions in humans and is associated with a higher risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cognitive alterations, and a higher mortality during infection and inflammation. The focus of the present review is on the influence of obesity on the presentation of fever, sickness behavior, and inflammatory responses during acute systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Rummel
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Janne Bredehöft
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Jelena Damm
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Hanna Schweighöfer
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Verena Peek
- Department of Veterinary-Physiology and Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany; and
| | - Lois M Harden
- Brain Function Research Group, School of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Impaired heart rate regulation and depression of cardiac chronotropic and dromotropic function in polymicrobial sepsis. Shock 2015; 43:185-91. [PMID: 25271380 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The scope of cardiac pathophysiology in sepsis has not been fully defined. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of sepsis on heart rate (HR), HR variability, and conduction parameters in a murine model of sepsis. Electrocardiograms were recorded noninvasively from conscious mice before and after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) or sham surgery. Responses of isolated atria to tyramine and isoproterenol were quantified to assess the functional state of sympathetic nerves and postjunctional sensitivity to adrenergic stimulation. Cecal ligation and puncture mice had lower HR compared with sham at 16 to 18 h postsurgery (sham, 741 ± 7 beats/min; CLP, 557 ± 31 beats/min; n = 6/group; P < 0.001), and there was significant prolongation of the PR, QRS, and QTc intervals. Slowing of HR and conduction developed within 4 to 6 h after CLP and were preceded by a decrease in HR variability. Treatment of CLP mice with isoproterenol (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) at 25 h after surgery failed to increase HR or decrease conduction intervals. The lack of in vivo response to isoproterenol cannot be attributed to hypothermia because robust chronotropic and inotropic responses to isoproterenol were evoked from isolated atria at 25 °C and 30 °C. These findings demonstrate that impaired regulation of HR (i.e., reduced HR variability) develops before the onset of overt cardiac rate and conduction changes in septic mice. Subsequent time-dependent decreases in HR and cardiac conduction can be attributed to hypothermia and would contribute to decreased cardiac output and organ perfusion. Because isolated atria from septic mice showed normal responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation, we conclude that impaired effectiveness of isoproterenol in vivo can be attributed to reversible effects of systemic factors on adrenergic receptors and/or postreceptor signaling.
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Characterization of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) in the spleen and thymus of Swiss albino mice and its modulation in experimental endotoxemia. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:137981. [PMID: 25759837 PMCID: PMC4352500 DOI: 10.1155/2015/137981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of innate immune receptors varies among organs and species and within different strains among the same species; thus, periodic classification of different pattern recognition receptors in the available strains is necessary to initiate different therapeutic approaches to combat inflammation. On characterization of TLR-4 in spleen and thymus of Swiss albino mice—with no reports of TLR-4 expression—induced with endotoxemia, it was found that the mode of expression varied among the organs at both mRNA and protein level in a time-dependent manner. Their functionality was verified by measuring proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In the in vitro study using isolated macrophages and lymphocytes from the same organs, the expression of TLR-4 after a shorter period of LPS stimulation was verified. The results substantiated the potent role of macrophage on LPS challenge compared to lymphocytes. The diverse pattern of TLR-4 expression on different cell population indicated their distinct functional activity in LPS-endotoxemia. It may be hypothesized that the expression patterns of TLR-4 could be different based on the anatomical localization and the varying bacterial milieu or bacterial endotoxin encountered in each anatomical location. Thus, blocking TLR-4 or administering IL-6 or IL-10 might impart protection against endotoxemia in the clinical field.
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Phillips NA, Welc SS, Wallet SM, King MA, Clanton TL. Protection of intestinal injury during heat stroke in mice by interleukin-6 pretreatment. J Physiol 2015; 593:739-52; discussion 753. [PMID: 25433073 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.283416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Heat stroke afflicts thousands of humans each year, worldwide. The immune system responds to hyperthermia exposure resulting in heat stroke by producing an array of immunological proteins, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6). However, the physiological functions of IL-6 and other cytokines in hyperthermia are poorly understood. We hypothesized that IL-6 plays a protective role in conditions of heat stroke. To test this, we gave small IL-6 supplements to mice prior to exposing them to hot environments sufficient to induce conditions of heat stroke. Pretreatment with IL-6 resulted in improved ability to withstand heat exposure in anaesthetized mice, it protected the intestine from injury, reducing the permeability of the intestinal barrier, and it attenuated the release of other cytokines involved in inflammation. The results support the hypothesis that IL-6 is a 'physiological stress hormone' that plays an important role in survival during acute life-threatening conditions such as heat stroke. ABSTRACT The role of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in hyperthermia and heat stroke is poorly understood. Plasma IL-6 is elevated following hyperthermia in animals and humans, and IL-6 knockout mice are more intolerant of severe hyperthermia. We evaluated the effect of IL-6 supplementation on organ injury following severe hyperthermia exposure in anaesthetized mice. Two hours prior to hyperthermia, mice were treated with 0.6 μg intraperitoneal IL-6, or identical volumes of saline in controls. Mice were anaesthetized, gavaged with FITC-dextran for measures of gastrointestinal permeability, and exposed to incremental (0.5°C every 30 min) increases in temperature. Heating stopped when maximum core temperature (Tc) of 42.4°C was attained (Tc,max). The mice recovered at room temperature (≈22°C) for 30 or 120 min, at which time plasma and tissues were collected. IL-6-treated mice, on average, required ≈25 min longer to attain Tc,max . Injury and swelling of the villi in the duodenum was present in untreated mice after 30 min of recovery. These changes were blocked by IL-6 treatment. IL-6 also reduced gastrointestinal permeability, assayed by the accumulation of FITC-dextran in plasma. Plasma cytokines were also attenuated in IL-6-treated animals, including significant reductions in TNFα, MCP-1 (CXCL2), RANTES (CCL5) and KC (CCL5). The results demonstrate that IL-6 has a protective influence on the pattern of physiological responses to severe hyperthermia, suggesting that early endogenous expression of IL-6 may provide a protection from the development of organ damage and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Phillips
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Tung D, Ciallella J, Hain H, Cheung PH, Saha S. Possible therapeutic effect of trilostane in rodent models of inflammation and nociception. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2014; 75:71-6. [PMID: 24465047 PMCID: PMC3898193 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Trilostane was identified in an in vivo screen of compounds in a lipopolysaccharide model of inflammation to support a repurposing effort. There is no previous documentation of any anti-inflammatory effects of trilostane. Objective The aim of this study was to elucidate the novel pharmacologic activity of trilostane in a series of inflammation and nociception signal-finding models. Methods Anti-inflammatory effects of trilostane were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic and lung inflammation models and in a 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene–induced delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) model in the mouse ear. The analgesic activities of trilostane were evaluated in a hot plate nociception model as a function of paw-withdrawal latency and in the formalin-induced nociception model with a behavioral end point. In all studies, trilostane was administered 15 minutes before challenge. In the DTH model, the animals were given a second dose 24 hours after the first dose. Results Trilostane inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production in the lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic and pulmonary inflammation models. It also significantly reduced ear swelling in the 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene–induced DTH model. In the hot plate nociception model, trilostane increased the latency of paw-licking behavior. Trilostane also significantly reduced the duration of pain behaviors in the late phase of the formalin-induced inflammatory pain model. Conclusions These signal-finding studies suggest that trilostane has novel anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tung
- BioMed Valley Discoveries, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Saurabh Saha
- BioMed Valley Discoveries, Kansas City, Missouri
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Newham P, Ross D, Ceuppens P, Das S, Yates JWT, Betts C, Reens J, Randall KJ, Knight R, McKay JS. Determination of the safety and efficacy of therapeutic neutralization of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) using AZD9773, an anti-TNF-α immune Fab, in murine CLP sepsis. Inflamm Res 2013; 63:149-60. [PMID: 24240228 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0683-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN TNF-α neutralization is associated with increased mortality in mouse cecal ligation puncture (CLP) models. AZD9773 is an ovine polyclonal human TNF-α immune Fab, with pharmacological properties that differ from previously studied anti-TNF-α agents. We explored the safety and efficacy of therapeutically administered AZD9773 in mouse CLP sepsis. METHODS A moderate/severe-grade CLP model resulting in 20-30 % 5-day survival and a mild-grade CLP model resulting in ~70 % 5-day survival were established in human TNF-α transgene/murine TNF null (Tg1278/-/-) mice. TREATMENT Mice received saline resuscitation and imipenem administration every 12 h (0-72 h post-CLP). AZD9773 (or DigiFab control) was dosed 24, 36, 48 and 60 h post-CLP. RESULTS Therapeutic dosing of AZD9773 in moderate/severe-grade CLP resulted in significantly increased survival (>70 %) compared with DigiFab (27 %, P < 0.05). Therapeutic dosing of AZD9773 in mild-grade CLP did not significantly affect survival outcome compared with DigiFab or imipenem alone (~60-70 % survival). CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that TNF-α neutralization can improve survival in moderate/severe CLP sepsis. TNF-α suppression in mild-grade models was not associated with survival benefit and did not increase 5-day mortality. These findings suggest that therapeutic benefit following TNF-α attenuation in models of sepsis may depend on model severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Newham
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK,
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Welc SS, Clanton TL, Dineen SM, Leon LR. Heat stroke activates a stress-induced cytokine response in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:1126-37. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00636.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke (HS) induces a rapid elevation in a number of circulating cytokines. This is often attributed to the stimulatory effects of endotoxin, released from damaged intestine, on immune cells. However, parenchymal cells also produce cytokines, and skeletal muscle, comprising a large proportion of body mass, is thought to participate. We tested the hypothesis that skeletal muscle exhibits a cytokine response to HS that parallels the systemic response in conscious mice heated to a core temperature of 42.4°C (TcMax). Diaphragm and hindlimb muscles showed a rapid rise in interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleuin-10 (IL-10) mRNA and transient inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) throughout early recovery, a pattern that parallels changes in circulating cytokines. IL-6 protein was transiently elevated in both muscles at ∼32 min after reaching TcMax. Other responses observed included an upregulation of toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and heat shock protein-72 (HSP-72) mRNA but no change in TLR-2 or HSP25 mRNA. Furthermore, c-jun and c-fos mRNA increased. Together, c-jun/c-fos form the activator protein-1 (AP-1) transcription factor, critical for stress-induced regulation of IL-6. Interestingly, a second “late-phase” (24 h) cytokine response, with increases in IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α protein, were observed in hindlimb but not diaphragm muscle. These results demonstrate that skeletal muscle responds to HS with a distinct “stress-induced immune response,” characterized by an early upregulation of IL-6, IL-10, and TLR-4 and suppression of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA, a pattern discrete from classic innate immune cytokine responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven S. Welc
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Thomas L. Clanton
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shauna M. Dineen
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa R. Leon
- Thermal and Mountain Medicine Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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Critical role for peripherally-derived interleukin-10 in mediating the thermoregulatory manifestations of fever and hypothermia in severe forms of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Pflugers Arch 2013; 466:1451-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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47
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Protective effect of tetrahydrocoptisine against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:21-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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48
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Bouchlaka MN, Sckisel GD, Chen M, Mirsoian A, Zamora AE, Maverakis E, Wilkins DEC, Alderson KL, Hsiao HH, Weiss JM, Monjazeb AM, Hesdorffer C, Ferrucci L, Longo DL, Blazar BR, Wiltrout RH, Redelman D, Taub DD, Murphy WJ. Aging predisposes to acute inflammatory induced pathology after tumor immunotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:2223-37. [PMID: 24081947 PMCID: PMC3804937 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aging strongly promotes inflammation responses, which may predispose individuals after cancer therapies to lethal system toxicities and pathology that can be partially prevented by TNF blockade. Cancer commonly occurs in the elderly and immunotherapy (IT) is being increasingly applied to this population. However, the majority of preclinical mouse tumor models assessing potential efficacy and toxicities of therapeutics use young mice. We assessed the impact of age on responses to systemic immune stimulation. In contrast to young mice, systemic cancer IT regimens or LPS given to aged mice resulted in rapid and lethal toxicities affecting multiple organs correlating with heightened proinflammatory cytokines systemically and within the parenchymal tissues. This inflammatory response and increased morbidity with age was independent of T cells or NK cells. However, prior in vivo depletion of macrophages in aged mice resulted in lesser cytokine levels, increased survival, and decreased liver histopathology. Furthermore, macrophages from aged mice and normal human elderly volunteers displayed heightened TNF and IL-6 production upon in vitro stimulation. Treatment of both TNF knockout mice and in vivo TNF blockade in aged mice resulted in significant increases in survival and lessened pathology. Importantly, TNF blockade in tumor-bearing, aged mice receiving IT displayed significant anti-tumor effects. These data demonstrate the critical role of macrophages in the age-associated hyper-inflammatory cytokine responses to systemic immunostimulation and underscore the importance of performing preclinical assessments in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam N Bouchlaka
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and 2 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada-Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV 89557
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49
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Granger JI, Ratti PL, Datta SC, Raymond RM, Opp MR. Sepsis-induced morbidity in mice: effects on body temperature, body weight, cage activity, social behavior and cytokines in brain. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38:1047-57. [PMID: 23146654 PMCID: PMC3707484 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 10/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Infection negatively impacts mental health, as evidenced by the lethargy, malaise, and cognitive deficits experienced during illness. These changes in central nervous system processes, collectively termed sickness behavior, have been shown in animal models to be mediated primarily by the actions of cytokines in brain. Most studies of sickness behavior to date have used bolus injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or selective administration of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or IL-6 as the immune challenge. Such models, although useful for determining mechanisms responsible for acute changes in physiology and behavior, do not adequately represent the more complex effects on central nervous system (CNS) processes of a true infection with replicating pathogens. In the present study, we used the cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model to quantify sepsis-induced alterations in several facets of physiology and behavior of mice. We determined the impact of sepsis on cage activity, body temperature, food and water consumption and body weights of mice. Because cytokines are critical mediators of changes in behavior and temperature regulation during immune challenge, we also quantified sepsis-induced alterations in cytokine mRNA and protein in brain during the acute period of sepsis onset. We now report that cage activity and temperature regulation in mice that survive are altered for up to 23 days after sepsis induction. Food and water consumption are transiently reduced, and body weight is lost during sepsis. Furthermore, sepsis decreases social interactions for 24-48 h. Finally, mRNA and protein for IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are upregulated in the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brain stem during sepsis onset, from 6h to 72 h post sepsis induction. Collectively, these data indicate that sepsis not only acutely alters physiology, behavior and cytokine profiles in brain, but that some brain functions are impaired for long periods in animals that survive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill I. Granger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pietro-Luca Ratti
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,INSERM UMR-825, University Toulouse III, Place du Dr Joseph Baylac, 31024 Toulouse cedex 3, France and Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and Neurosciences, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Subhash C. Datta
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Richard M. Raymond
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark R. Opp
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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50
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Jung YY, Nam Y, Park YS, Lee HS, Hong SA, Kim BK, Park ES, Chung YH, Jeong JH. Protective effect of phosphatidylcholine on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation in multiple organ injury. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:209-16. [PMID: 23776397 PMCID: PMC3682081 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.3.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Soybean polyunsaturated phosphatidylcholine (PC) is thought to exert anti-inflammatory activities and has potent effects in attenuating acute renal failure and liver dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PC in protecting multiple organ injury (MOI) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Six groups of rats (N=8) were used in this study. Three groups acted as controls and received only saline, hydrocortisone (HC, 6 mg/kg, i.v.) or PC (600 mg/kg, i.p.) without LPS (15 mg/kg, i.p.) injections. Other 3 groups, as the test groups, were administered saline, HC or PC in the presence of LPS. Six hours after the LPS injection, blood and organs (lung, liver and kidney) were collected from each group to measure inflammatory cytokines and perform histopathology and myeloperoxidase (MPO) assessment. Serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10) and MPO activities were significantly increased, and significant histopathological changes in the organs were observed by LPS challenge. These findings were significantly attenuated by PC or HC. The treatment with PC or HC resulted in a significant attenuation on the increase in serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6, pro-inflammatory cytokines, while neither PC nor HC significantly attenuated serum levels of IL-10, anti-inflammatory cytokine. In the organs, the enhanced infiltration of neutrophils and expression of ED2 positive macrophage were attenuated by PC or HC. Inductions of MPO activity were also significantly attenuated by PC or HC. From the findings, we suggest that PC may be a functional material for its use as an anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Yang Jung
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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