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de Araujo A, Sree Kumar H, Yang T, Plata AA, Dirr EW, Bearss N, Baekey DM, Miller DS, Donertas-Ayaz B, Ahmari N, Singh A, Kalinoski AL, Garrett TJ, Martyniuk CJ, de Lartigue G, Zubcevic J. Intestinal serotonergic vagal signaling as a mediator of microbiota-induced hypertension. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.17.603451. [PMID: 39314425 PMCID: PMC11419149 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.603451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is a pervasive global health challenge, impacting over a billion individuals worldwide. Despite strides in therapeutic strategies, a significant proportion of patients remain resistant to the currently available therapies. While conventional treatments predominantly focus on cardiac, renal, and cerebral targets, emerging research underscores the pivotal role of the gut and its microbiota. Yet, the precise mechanisms governing interactions between the gut microbiota and the host blood pressure remain unclear. Here we describe a neural host-microbiota interaction that is mediated by the intestinal serotonin (5-HT) signaling via vagal 5HT3a receptors and which is crucial for maintenance of blood pressure homeostasis. Notably, a marked decrease in both intestinal 5-HT and vagal 5HT3aR signaling is observed in hypertensive rats, and in rats subjected to fecal microbiota transplantation from hypertensive rats. Leveraging an intersectional genetic strategy in a Cre rat line, we demonstrate that intestinal 5HT3aR vagal signaling is a crucial link between the gut microbiota and blood pressure homeostasis and that recovery of 5-HT signaling in colon innervating vagal neurons can alleviate hypertension. This paradigm-shifting finding enhances our comprehension of hypertensive pathophysiology and unveils a promising new therapeutic target for combating resistant hypertension associated with gut dysbiosis.
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Oikawa K, Kiland JA, Mathu V, Torne O, Wickland C, Neufcourt S, Mitro C, Lopez R, McLellan GJ. Effects of Telmisartan on Intraocular Pressure, Blood Pressure, and Ocular Perfusion Pressure in Normal and Glaucomatous Cats. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2024; 13:15. [PMID: 39264603 PMCID: PMC11407481 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.13.9.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the effect of telmisartan on intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and ocular perfusion pressure (OPP) in normal and glaucomatous cats. Methods A four-week study was conducted in six normal adult cats, followed by a longer six-month study performed in 37 cats with spontaneous glaucoma and 11 age-matched normal cats. Telmisartan (1 mg/kg/day) or placebo-vehicle were administered orally once daily. IOP was measured by rebound tonometry. BP readings were obtained by oscillometric method. OPP was calculated as mean arterial pressure (MAP) - IOP. IOP and BP were obtained three times a week for the first study and weekly for the second study. Results Baseline IOP was significantly higher, and OPP was significantly lower in glaucomatous cats than in normal cats (P < 0.0001). These differences between glaucomatous and normal cats persisted throughout the study, regardless of treatment (P < 0.001). No significant differences in IOP, BP, or OPP were detected between any study phases in the first, normal feline cohort or between telmisartan- and placebo-treated glaucomatous cats at any timepoint in the second study. Conclusions Oral telmisartan was well tolerated and did not have a detrimental effect on BP or OPP in cats but did not lower IOP or improve OPP in cats with glaucoma. Translational Relevance While showing telmisartan could not be used as a sole therapy for IOP lowering, our data affirmed a lack of detrimental effects of telmisartan on BP and OPP in a translationally-relevant, spontaneous, large animal glaucoma model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Oikawa
- Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Julie A Kiland
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Virginia Mathu
- Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Odalys Torne
- Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Colton Wickland
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sarah Neufcourt
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chloë Mitro
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ryan Lopez
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gillian J McLellan
- Surgical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, Madison, WI, USA
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Tiwa Diffo E, Lavigne-Robichaud M, Milot A, Brisson C, Gilbert-Ouimet M, Vézina M, Talbot D, Trudel X. Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Atrial Fibrillation Incidence: An 18-Year Prospective Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e032414. [PMID: 39140284 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.032414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychosocial stressors at work, defined by the job strain and effort-reward imbalance at work (ERI) models, were shown to increase coronary heart disease risk. No previous study has examined the adverse effect of psychosocial stressors at work from both models on atrial fibrillation (AF) incidence. The objective of this study was to examine the separate and combined effect of psychosocial stressors at work from the job strain and ERI models on AF incidence in a prospective cohort study. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 5926 white-collar workers (3021 women and 2905 men) free of cardiovascular disease at baseline were followed for an average of 18 years. Job strain (high psychological demands combined with low decision latitude) and ERI were assessed using validated instruments. AF events were identified in medical databases with universal coverage. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs were estimated using Cox regression models, controlling for socioeconomic characteristics and lifestyle-related and clinical risk factors. A total of 186 AF incident events were identified over 18 years. Workers exposed to job strain (HR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.14-2.92]) and ERI (HR, 1.44 [95% CI, 1.05-1.98]) had a higher risk of AF in fully adjusted models. Combined exposure to job strain and ERI was associated with a 2-fold AF risk increase (HR, 1.97 [95% CI, 1.26-3.07]). CONCLUSIONS Psychosocial stressors at work from the job strain and ERI models are associated with an increased risk of AF, separately and in combination. Workplace prevention strategies targeting these psychosocial stressors at work may be effective to reduce the burden associated with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Tiwa Diffo
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit CHU de Québec-Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Mathilde Lavigne-Robichaud
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit CHU de Québec-Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Alain Milot
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit CHU de Québec-Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Department of Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Chantal Brisson
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit CHU de Québec-Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Mahée Gilbert-Ouimet
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit CHU de Québec-Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Department of Health Science Université du Québec à Rimouski Lévis Canada
- Canada Research Chair in Sex and Gender in Occupational Health Lévis Canada
| | - Michel Vézina
- Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Denis Talbot
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit CHU de Québec-Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
| | - Xavier Trudel
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit CHU de Québec-Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
- Departement of Social and Preventive Medicine Laval University Quebec City Quebec Canada
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Bajdek N, Merchant N, Camhi SM, Yan H. Racial Differences in Blood Pressure and Autonomic Recovery Following Acute Supramaximal Exercise in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095615. [PMID: 37174135 PMCID: PMC10178025 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the growing popularity of high-intensity anaerobic exercise, little is known about the acute effects of this form of exercise on cardiovascular hemodynamics or autonomic modulation, which might provide insight into the individual assessment of responses to training load. The purpose of this study was to compare blood pressure and autonomic recovery following repeated bouts of acute supramaximal exercise in Black and White women. A convenience sample of twelve White and eight Black young, healthy women were recruited for this study and completed two consecutive bouts of supramaximal exercise on the cycle ergometer with 30 min of recovery in between. Brachial and central aortic blood pressures were assessed by tonometry (SphygmoCor Xcel) at rest and 15-min and 30-min following each exercise bout. Central aortic blood pressure was estimated using brachial pressure waveforms and customized software. Autonomic modulation was measured in a subset of ten participants by heart-rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity. Brachial mean arterial pressure and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in Blacks compared to Whites across time (race effect, p = 0.043 and p = 0.049, respectively). Very-low-frequency and low-frequency bands of heart rate variability, which are associated with sympathovagal balance and vasomotor tone, were 22.5% and 24.9% lower, respectively, in Blacks compared to Whites (race effect, p = 0.045 and p = 0.006, respectively). In conclusion, the preliminary findings of racial differences in blood pressure and autonomic recovery following supramaximal exercise warrant further investigations of tailored exercise prescriptions for Blacks and Whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Bajdek
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02184, USA
| | - Noelle Merchant
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02184, USA
| | - Sarah M Camhi
- Kinesiology Department, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Huimin Yan
- Exercise and Health Sciences Department, Manning College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02184, USA
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Helman TJ, Headrick JP, Stapelberg NJC, Braidy N. The sex-dependent response to psychosocial stress and ischaemic heart disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1072042. [PMID: 37153459 PMCID: PMC10160413 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1072042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is an important risk factor for modern chronic diseases, with distinct influences in males and females. The sex specificity of the mammalian stress response contributes to the sex-dependent development and impacts of coronary artery disease (CAD). Compared to men, women appear to have greater susceptibility to chronic forms of psychosocial stress, extending beyond an increased incidence of mood disorders to include a 2- to 4-fold higher risk of stress-dependent myocardial infarction in women, and up to 10-fold higher risk of Takotsubo syndrome-a stress-dependent coronary-myocardial disorder most prevalent in post-menopausal women. Sex differences arise at all levels of the stress response: from initial perception of stress to behavioural, cognitive, and affective responses and longer-term disease outcomes. These fundamental differences involve interactions between chromosomal and gonadal determinants, (mal)adaptive epigenetic modulation across the lifespan (particularly in early life), and the extrinsic influences of socio-cultural, economic, and environmental factors. Pre-clinical investigations of biological mechanisms support distinct early life programming and a heightened corticolimbic-noradrenaline-neuroinflammatory reactivity in females vs. males, among implicated determinants of the chronic stress response. Unravelling the intrinsic molecular, cellular and systems biological basis of these differences, and their interactions with external lifestyle/socio-cultural determinants, can guide preventative and therapeutic strategies to better target coronary heart disease in a tailored sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa J. Helman
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Correspondence: Tessa J. Helman
| | - John P. Headrick
- Schoolof Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nady Braidy
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
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Terock J, Hannemann A, Klinger-König J, Janowitz D, Grabe HJ, Murck H. The neurobiology of childhood trauma-aldosterone and blood pressure changes in a community sample. World J Biol Psychiatry 2022; 23:622-630. [PMID: 34906037 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2018724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for the onset and course of psychiatric disorders and particularly major depression. Recently, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, one of the core stress hormone systems, has been demonstrated to be modified by childhood trauma. METHODS Childhood trauma was obtained using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in a community-dwelling sample (N = 2038). Plasma concentrations of renin and aldosterone were measured in subjects with childhood trauma (CT; N = 385) vs. subjects without this experience (NoCT; N = 1653). Multivariable linear regression models were calculated to assess the associations between CTQ, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, renin and aldosterone concentrations, and the ratio of aldosterone and systolic blood pressure (A/SBP). RESULTS CT subjects demonstrated higher plasma aldosterone (A) concentrations, a lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and a higher A/SBP. In addition, both aldosterone concentrations, as well as A/SBP, correlated with the severity of childhood trauma. These findings could not be attributed to differences in concomitant medication. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, childhood trauma was associated with neurobiological markers, which may impact the risk for psychiatric disorders, primarily major depression. The altered A/SBP ratio points to a desensitisation of peripheral mineralocorticoid receptor function, which may be a target for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Johanna Klinger-König
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, HELIOS Hanseklinikum Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases DZNE, Site Rostock/Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Murck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Murck-Neuroscience LLC, Westfield, NJ, USA
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Stress-induced cardiometabolic perturbations, increased oxidative stress and ACE/ACE2 imbalance are improved by endurance training in rats. Life Sci 2022; 305:120758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Roohafza H, Sattari N, Nouri F, Talaei M, Masoumi G, Sarrafzadegan N, Sadeghi M. Do any kinds of perceived stressors lead to hypertension? A longitudinal cohort study. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1058-1066. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00895-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Hinterdobler J, Schunkert H, Kessler T, Sager HB. Impact of Acute and Chronic Psychosocial Stress on Vascular Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1531-1550. [PMID: 34293932 PMCID: PMC8713271 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Atherosclerosis and its complications, such as acute coronary syndromes, are the leading causes of death worldwide. A wide range of inflammatory processes substantially contribute to the initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In addition, epidemiological studies strongly associate both chronic stress and acute psychosocial stress with the occurrence of CVDs. Recent Advances: Extensive research during recent decades has not only identified major pathways in cardiovascular inflammation but also revealed a link between psychosocial factors and the immune system in the context of atherosclerosis. Both chronic and acute psychosocial stress drive systemic inflammation via neuroimmune interactions and promote atherosclerosis progression. Critical Issues: The associations human epidemiological studies found between psychosocial stress and cardiovascular inflammation have been substantiated by additional experimental studies in mice and humans. However, we do not yet fully understand the mechanisms through which psychosocial stress drives cardiovascular inflammation; consequently, specific treatment, although urgently needed, is lacking. Future Directions: Psychosocial factors are increasingly acknowledged as risk factors for CVD and are currently treated via behavioral interventions. Additional mechanistic insights might provide novel pharmacological treatment options to reduce stress-related morbidity and mortality. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 1531-1550.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Hinterdobler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorsten Kessler
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Hendrik B. Sager
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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10
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Nishimi K, Adler GK, Roberts AL, Sumner JA, Jung SJ, Chen Q, Tworoger S, Koenen KC, Kubzansky LD. Associations of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder with aldosterone in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 132:105341. [PMID: 34217044 PMCID: PMC8487934 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk, however, underlying mechanisms have not been fully specified. PTSD is associated with stress-related hormones, including dysregulated glucocorticoid activity. Dysregulation of aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid activated by psychological stress and implicated in cardiovascular damage, may be a relevant pathway linking PTSD and cardiovascular risk. Few studies to date have evaluated the association between PTSD and aldosterone, none with repeated measures of aldosterone. We examined if trauma and PTSD were associated with altered aldosterone levels relative to women unexposed to trauma. METHODS The association of trauma exposure and chronic PTSD with plasma aldosterone levels was investigated in 521 middle-aged women in the Nurses' Health Study II. Aldosterone was assessed at two time points, 10-16 years apart, and trauma exposure and PTSD were also ascertained for both time points. Regarding exposure assessment, women were characterized based on a structured diagnostic interview as: having chronic PTSD (PTSD at both time points; n = 174); being trauma-exposed (trauma exposure at first time point but no PTSD; n = 174); and being unexposed (no trauma exposure at either time point; reference group for all analyses; n = 173). Linear mixed models examined associations of trauma and PTSD status with log-transformed aldosterone levels, adjusting for covariates and health-related variables that may confound or lie on the pathway between PTSD and altered aldosterone levels. RESULTS Across the sample, mean aldosterone concentration decreased over time. Adjusting for covariates, women with chronic PTSD had significantly lower aldosterone levels averaged over time, compared to women unexposed to trauma (β = - 0.08, p = 0.04). Interactions between trauma/PTSD group and time were not significant, indicating change in aldosterone over time did not differ by trauma/PTSD status. Post-hoc exploratory analyses suggested that menopausal status partially mediated the relationship between chronic PTSD status and aldosterone level, such that postmenopausal status explained 7% of the effect of PTSD on aldosterone. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that PTSD is associated with lower levels of aldosterone. Further work is needed to understand implications of this type of dysregulation in a key biological stress system for cardiovascular and other health outcomes previously linked with PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Nishimi
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Gail K. Adler
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Andrea L. Roberts
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Sumner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA
| | - Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 S. Korea
| | - Qixuan Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th St. New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Shelley Tworoger
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA,Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, 12902 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Karestan C. Koenen
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Laura D. Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Kannenkeril D, Jung S, Ott C, Striepe K, Kolwelter J, Schmieder RE, Bosch A. Association of Noise Annoyance with Measured Renal Hemodynamic Changes. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 46:323-330. [PMID: 33915548 DOI: 10.1159/000515527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic mental stress is recognized as a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that noise annoyance-induced stress is associated with changes in renal hemodynamics. METHODS Renal hemodynamic parameters were measured using steady-state input clearance with infusion of para-aminohippuric acid and inulin in individuals with normal, high normal, and elevated blood pressure. All individuals ranked subjective annoyance due to noise in everyday life on a 7-grade Likert scale. The median of all rankings was used as a cutoff point to divide the group into noise-annoyed and non-noise-annoyed individuals. Different renal hemodynamic parameters were calculated based on the Gomez equation. RESULTS Noise-annoyed individuals (n = 58) showed lower renal plasma flow (599 ± 106 vs. 663 ± 124 mL/min, p = 0.009), lower renal blood flow (1,068 ± 203 vs. 1,172 ± 225 mL/min, p = 0.047), higher filtration fraction (22.7 ± 3.3 vs. 21.3 ± 3.0, p = 0.012), higher renal vascular resistance (88.9 ± 25.6 vs. 75.8 ± 22.9 mm Hg/[mL/min], p = 0.002), and higher resistance of afferent arteriole (2,439.5 ± 1,253.4 vs. 1,849.9 ± 1,242.0 dyn s-1 cm-5, p = 0.001) compared to non-noise-annoyed individuals (n = 55). There was no difference in measured glomerular filtration rate (133 ± 11.8 vs. 138 ± 15 mL/min, p = 0.181), resistance of efferent arteriole (2,419.4 ± 472.2 vs. 2,245.8 ± 370.3 dyn s-1 cm-5, p = 0.060), and intraglomerular pressure (64.0 ± 3.1 vs. 64.6 ± 3.5 mm Hg, p = 0.298) between the groups. After adjusting for age, renal plasma flow, renal blood flow, and renal vascular resistance remained significantly different between the groups, with a trend in increased afferent arteriolar resistance and filtration fraction. CONCLUSION In this study, noise annoyance was associated with reduced renal perfusion attributed to increased renal vascular resistance predominantly at the afferent site. Long-term consequences of this renal hemodynamic pattern due to noise annoyance need to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kannenkeril
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Ott
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Paracelsus Medical University, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Kristina Striepe
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julie Kolwelter
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland E Schmieder
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Agnes Bosch
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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Sher LD, Geddie H, Olivier L, Cairns M, Truter N, Beselaar L, Essop MF. Chronic stress and endothelial dysfunction: mechanisms, experimental challenges, and the way ahead. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H488-H506. [PMID: 32618516 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00244.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although chronic stress is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) onset, the underlying mechanisms driving such pathophysiological complications remain relatively unknown. Here, dysregulation of innate stress response systems and the effects of downstream mediators are strongly implicated, with the vascular endothelium emerging as a primary target of excessive glucocorticoid and catecholamine action. Therefore, this review article explores the development of stress-related endothelial dysfunction by focusing on the following: 1) assessing the phenomenon of stress and complexities surrounding this notion, 2) discussing mechanistic links between chronic stress and endothelial dysfunction, and 3) evaluating the utility of various preclinical models currently employed to study mechanisms underlying the onset of stress-mediated complications such as endothelial dysfunction. The data reveal that preclinical models play an important role in our efforts to gain an increased understanding of mechanisms underlying stress-mediated endothelial dysfunction. It is our understanding that this provides a good foundation going forward, and we propose that further efforts should be made to 1) more clearly define the concept of stress and 2) standardize protocols of animal models with specific guidelines to better indicate the mental complications that are simulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Derek Sher
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Hannah Geddie
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lukas Olivier
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Megan Cairns
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Nina Truter
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Leandrie Beselaar
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-Metabolic Research in Africa, Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
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Chen MJ, Wei YJ, Dong XX, Liu JY, Chen QY, Zhang GX. The effect of candesartan on chronic stress induced imbalance of glucose homeostasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110300. [PMID: 32485572 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore whether chronic stress induces imbalance of glucose homeostasis, and to investigate the possible involvement of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control, chronic stress, chronic stress plus low dose candesartan (an angiotensin II receptor-1 blocker, ARB, 5 mg/kg/d, i.p.), chronic stress plus high dose candesartan (15 mg/kg/d, i.p.). Rats were received restraint stress for 14 days. Glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) mRNA was quantified in liver by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The concentration of glucokinase (GK), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-P), glycogen synthase (GS), insulin receptor (ISR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-alpha and -beta in liver, hexokinase (HK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) in muscle, and serum insulin were measured by ELISA. Body weights, systolic blood pressure, heart rate and fasting blood glucose were monitored. Glucose tolerance test were performed after 14 days restraint stress. RESULTS After 14 days restraint stress, systolic blood pressure, increase of plasma glucose concentration at 15 minutes were higher and the fasting plasma concentration of glucose was lower compared with control group (P < 0.05), which were reversed by high dose ARB treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, chronic stress decreased expression of GLUT2 and increased expression of GR beta in liver. High dose ARB treatment normalized GLUT2 and GR beta expressions in liver. CONCLUSIONS Our present data indicate chronic stress induces the imbalance of glucose homeostasis and RAS contributes to the imbalance of glucose homeostasis induced by chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jia Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yu-Jia Wei
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Xing-Xuan Dong
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Jie-Yu Liu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Qiu-Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Guo-Xing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Dushu Lake Campus, Suzhou Industrial Park, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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Nozu T, Miyagishi S, Nozu R, Takakusaki K, Okumura T. Losartan improves visceral sensation and gut barrier in a rat model of irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2020; 32:e13819. [PMID: 32056324 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or repeated water avoidance stress (WAS) induces visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability via corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and proinflammatory cytokines, which is considered to be a rat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) model. As losartan is known to inhibit proinflammatory cytokine release, we hypothesized that it improves these visceral changes. METHODS The threshold of visceromotor response (VMR), that is, abdominal muscle contractions induced by colonic balloon distention was electrophysiologically measured in rats. Colonic permeability was determined in vivo by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue in colonic tissue for 15 minutes spectrophotometrically. KEY RESULTS Lipopolysaccharide (1 mg kg-1 ) subcutaneously (s.c.) reduced the threshold of VMR and increased colonic permeability. Losartan (5-25 mg kg-1 s.c.) for 3 days inhibited these changes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, repeated WAS (1 hour daily for 3 days) or intraperitoneal injection of CRF (50 µg kg-1 ) induced the similar visceral changes as LPS, which were also eliminated by losartan. These effects by losartan in LPS model were reversed by GW9662 (a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ [PPAR-γ] antagonist), NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide [NO] synthesis inhibitor), or naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist). Moreover, it also inhibited by sulpiride (a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist) or domperidone (a peripheral dopamine D2 antagonist). CONCLUSION & INFERENCES Losartan prevented visceral allodynia and colonic hyperpermeability in rat IBS models. These actions may be PPAR-γ-dependent and also mediated by the NO, opioid, and dopamine D2 pathways. Losartan may be useful for IBS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Center for Medical Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Saori Miyagishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Rintaro Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takakusaki
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
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Afrisham R, Paknejad M, Soliemanifar O, Sadegh-Nejadi S, Meshkani R, Ashtary-Larky D. The Influence of Psychological Stress on the Initiation and Progression of Diabetes and Cancer. Int J Endocrinol Metab 2019; 17:e67400. [PMID: 31372166 PMCID: PMC6628619 DOI: 10.5812/ijem.67400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Psychological stress can be considered a risk factor for the initiation and progression of many pathological conditions, including type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer. OBJECTIVES The aim of this review article was to evaluate the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking psychological stress to the onset and progression of diabetes and cancer. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The current review was conducted to survey and analyze studies related to the effects of psychological stress on diabetes and cancer. RESULTS Psychological stress may make individuals prone to the development of diabetes through the impairment of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function, sympathetic nerves system (SNS), lipid profile, cytokines balance, renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and insulin signaling pathway. Additionally, psychological stress can contribute to the development of cancer through the perturbation in the HPA axis, SNS function, and cytokines balance. Psychological stress is also capable of decreasing the levels of oxytocin and dopamine, leading to an increased risk of cancer in susceptible individuals. CONCLUSIONS It seems that psychological stress plays a significant role in the onset and progression of diabetes and cancer. The identification of the pathways triggered by psychological stress would open up a new avenue for the understanding of molecular mechanisms by which diabetes and cancer could be managed or even prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Afrisham
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-9169396300,
| | - Maliheh Paknejad
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Soliemanifar
- General Department of Education in Khuzestan Province, Department of Education in the City of Khorramshahr, Khorramshahr, Iran
| | - Sahar Sadegh-Nejadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Damoon Ashtary-Larky
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Terock J, Hannemann A, Janowitz D, Freyberger HJ, Felix SB, Dörr M, Nauck M, Völzke H, Grabe HJ. Associations of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder with the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system in the general population. Psychol Med 2019; 49:843-851. [PMID: 29909779 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested that exposure to traumatic events during childhood and adulthood and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with a dysregulation of different neuroendocrine systems. However, the activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) in relation to trauma/PTSD has been largely neglected. METHODS Traumatization, PTSD, and plasma concentrations of renin and aldosterone were measured in 3092 individuals from the general population. Subgroups according to the status of traumatization ('without trauma'; 'trauma, without PTSD', 'PTSD') were formed and compared regarding renin and aldosterone concentrations. Additionally, we calculated the associations between the number of traumata, renin, and aldosterone concentrations. Finally, associations of PTSD with renin/aldosterone levels were controlled for the number of traumata ('trauma load'). RESULTS Levels of renin, but not aldosterone, were increased in traumatized persons without PTSD (p = 0.02) and, even stronger, with PTSD (p < 0.01). Moreover, we found a dose-response relation between the number of traumata and renin levels (β = 0.065; p < 0.001). Regression analyses showed PTSD as a significant predictor of renin (β = 0.38; p < 0.01). This effect was only slightly attenuated when controlled for trauma load (β = 0.32; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that traumatization has lasting and cumulative effects on RAAS activity. Finding elevated renin levels in PTSD independent from trauma load supports the concept of PTSD as a disorder with specific neuroendocrine characteristics. Alternatively, elevated renin levels in traumatized persons may increase the risk for developing PTSD. Our findings contribute to explain the relationship between traumatic stress/PTSD and physical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Terock
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Anke Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Deborah Janowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Harald J Freyberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Department of Internal Medicine B,University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Marcus Dörr
- Department of Internal Medicine B,University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Matthias Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,University Medicine Greifswald,Greifswald,Germany
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Firoozmand LT, Sanches A, Damaceno-Rodrigues NR, Perez JD, Aragão DS, Rosa RM, Marcondes FK, Casarini DE, Caldini EG, Cunha TS. Blockade of AT1 type receptors for angiotensin II prevents cardiac microvascular fibrosis induced by chronic stress in Sprague-Dawley rats. Stress 2018; 21:484-493. [PMID: 29676198 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2018.1462328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To test the effects of chronic-stress on the cardiovascular system, the model of chronic mild unpredictable stress (CMS) has been widely used. The CMS protocol consists of the random, intermittent, and unpredictable exposure of laboratory animals to a variety of stressors, during 3 consecutive weeks. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to the CMS protocol leads to left ventricle microcirculatory remodeling that can be attenuated by angiotensin II receptor blockade. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Control, Stress, Control + losartan, and Stress + losartan (N = 6, each group, losartan: 20 mg/kg/day). The rats were euthanized 15 days after CMS exposure, and blood samples and left ventricle were collected. Rats submitted to CMS presented increased glycemia, corticosterone, noradrenaline and adrenaline concentration, and losartan reduced the concentration of the circulating amines. Cardiac angiotensin II, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was significantly increased in the CMS group, and losartan treatment reduced it, while angiotensin 1-7 was significantly higher in the CMS losartan-treated group as compared with CMS. Histological analysis, verified by transmission electron microscopy, showed that rats exposed to CMS presented increased perivascular collagen and losartan effectively prevented the development of this process. Hence, CMS induced a state of microvascular disease, with increased perivascular collagen deposition, that may be the trigger for further development of cardiovascular disease. In this case, CMS fibrosis is associated with increased production of catecholamines and with a disruption of renin-angiotensin system balance, which can be prevented by angiotensin II receptor blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Sanches
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Nilsa Regina Damaceno-Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (LIM59), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Dinéia Perez
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rodolfo Mattar Rosa
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Klein Marcondes
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (FOP-UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elia Garcia Caldini
- Laboratory of Cell Biology (LIM59), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Sousa Cunha
- Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Psychosocial stressors at work from the demand-latitude and effort-reward imbalance models are adverse exposures affecting about 20-25% of workers in industrialized countries. This review aims to summarize evidence on the effect of these stressors on blood pressure (BP). RECENT FINDINGS Three systematic reviews have recently documented the effect of these psychosocial stressors at work on BP. Among exposed workers, statistically significant BP increases ranging from 1.5 to 11 mmHg have been observed in prospective studies using ambulatory BP (ABP). Recent studies using ABP have shown a deleterious effect of these psychosocial stressors at work on masked hypertension as well as on blood pressure control in pharmacologically treated patients. Evidence on the effect of these psychosocial stressors on BP supports the relevance to tackle these upstream factors for primary prevention and to reduce the burden of poor BP control. There is a need for increased public health and clinical awareness of the occupational etiology of high BP, hypertension, and poor BP control.
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Li NY, Yu H, Li XL, Wang QY, Zhang XW, Ma RX, Zhao Y, Xu H, Liang W, Bai F, Yu J. Astragalus Membranaceus Improving Asymptomatic Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Hypertensive Women with Metabolic Syndrome: A Prospective, Open-Labeled, Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 131:516-526. [PMID: 29483384 PMCID: PMC5850666 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.226077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome (MetS) have increased cardiovascular morbidity and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD). The various protective effects of astragalus membranaceus (AM) have been described in previous studies. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of different doses of AM on diastolic function in postmenopausal hypertensive women with MetS. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized controlled study. The postmenopausal hypertensive patients with MetS were enrolled from Lanzhou University Second Hospital from March 2014 to April 2015. Patients were divided into three groups: control group (received conventional medical treatment), AM Group 1 (received AM capsules at 5 g/d additionally), and AM Group 2 (received AM capsules at 10 g/d additionally). Echocardiographic and clinical characteristics were evaluated before and 12 months after treatment. Quantitative data were analyzed using unpaired t-test, analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis. Results: A total of 154 patients were subjected to final analysis. In the AM Group 2, significant improvements were noted in diastolic function 12 months after treatment than those of the control group, including the early diastolic mitral annular velocity (E’; 0.065 ± 0.007 m/s vs. 0.061 ± 0.008 m/s, P = 0.014), the ratio of the early diastolic mitral peak flow velocity to the late diastolic mitral peak flow velocity (E/A; 0.81 ± 0.05 vs. 0.80 ± 0.06, P = 0.012), the ratio of E’ to the late diastolic mitral annular velocity (E’/A’; 0.56 ± 0.12 vs. 0.51 ± 0.13, P = 0.048), and the ratio of the early diastolic mitral peak flow velocity (E) to E’ (E/E’; 10.70 ± 1.30 vs. 11.37 ± 1.73, P = 0.031). After treatment, E/E’ (10.70 ± 1.30 vs. 11.24 ± 1.56, P = 0.021), deceleration time (DT; 261.49 ± 44.41 ms vs. 268.74 ± 53.87 ms, P = 0.046), and E’/A’ (0.56 ± 0.12 vs. 0.52 ± 0.13, P = 0.019) values improved more significantly than those of AM Group 2 before treatment. Besides, waist circumference was positively correlated with E’ (r = 0.472; P = 0.003) and E’/A’ (r = 0.321; P = 0.047). In addition, the waist-to-hip ratio was a significant predictor of DT (r = 0.276; P = 0.041), E’ (r = −0.590; P < 0.001), E/E’ (r = 0.454; P = 0.004), and E’/A’ (r = −0.377; P = 0.018). Conclusions: Conventional medical plus AM therapy improved diastolic function. Moreover, WC and WHR might be risk factors for LVDD. Chinese Clinical Trial Register: ChiCTR-TRC-11001747. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=7798.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Heng Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiu-Li Li
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Qiong-Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Rui-Xin Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Feng Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
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Yisireyili M, Uchida Y, Yamamoto K, Nakayama T, Cheng XW, Matsushita T, Nakamura S, Murohara T, Takeshita K. Angiotensin receptor blocker irbesartan reduces stress-induced intestinal inflammation via AT1a signaling and ACE2-dependent mechanism in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 69:167-179. [PMID: 29155324 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is associated with pathophysiology of both irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and hypertension. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) have anti-inflammatory properties via inhibition of angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type I receptor axis (AT1). Inhibition of the classical RAS pathway is also involved in upregulation of angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which activates the Ang-(1-7)/Mas pathway to counteract inflammatory signaling and acts as a partner of the amino acid transporter, B0AT-1, to absorb tryptophan for regulation of microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this study, we determined the effects of ARB irbesartan on stress-induced intestinal inflammation. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 2-week intermittent restraint stress. They were orally treated during the stress with either vehicle, 3 or 10 mg/kg/day irbesartan. Restraint stress resulted in colon inflammation with higher histological damage scores, increased expression of Nox4, TLR-4 and IL1-β, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and activation of the ACE-angiotensin II-AT1 receptor axis. Stress also downregulated intestinal amino acid transporter, ACE2/B0AT-1, and activity of intestinal mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), resulting in decrease in α-defensins, changes in intestinal microbial contents, and perturbation of tryptophan metabolism with activation of the kynurenine pathway. Administration of irbesartan inhibited activation of stress-induced AT1 pathway to reduce intestinal ROS accumulation and inflammation, restored expression of ACE2/B0AT-1, activity of mTOR and p70S6K, dysbiosis and tryptophan metabolism. Our results suggest that AT1 is a potentially suitable therapeutic target in stress-induced intestinal inflammation, and that irbesartan could be beneficially suitable for the treatment of stressed patients with IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maimaiti Yisireyili
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Minimally Invasive Hernia and Abdominal Wall Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yasuhiro Uchida
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Saitama Medical Centre, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.
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Pernomian L, Moreira JD, Gomes MS. In the View of Endothelial Microparticles: Novel Perspectives for Diagnostic and Pharmacological Management of Cardiovascular Risk during Diabetes Distress. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9685205. [PMID: 29862304 PMCID: PMC5971276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9685205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic exposure to diabetes-related stressors triggers a specific psychological and behavior stress syndrome called diabetes distress, which underlies depressive symptoms in most diabetic patients. Distressed and/or depressive diabetic adults exhibit higher rates of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, which have been correlated to macrovascular complications evoked by diabetic behavior stress. Recent experimental findings clearly point out that oxidative stress accounts for the vascular dysfunction initiated by the exposure to life stressors in diabetic conditions. Moreover, oxidative stress has been described as the main autocrine and paracrine mechanism of cardiovascular damage induced by endothelial microparticles (anuclear ectosomal microvesicles released from injured endothelial cells) in diabetic subjects. Such robust relationship between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases strongly suggests a critical role for endothelial microparticles as the primer messengers of the redox-dependent vascular dysfunction underlying diabetes distress. Here, we provide novel perspectives opened in the view of endothelial microparticles as promising diagnostic and pharmacotherapeutic biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in distressed diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pernomian
- Department of Biosciences Applied to Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jôsimar Dornelas Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara Santos Gomes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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McCormley MC, Champagne CD, Deyarmin JS, Stephan AP, Crocker DE, Houser DS, Khudyakov JI. Repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone administration alters adrenal and thyroid hormones in free-ranging elephant seals. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 6:coy040. [PMID: 30034809 PMCID: PMC6048993 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coy040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the physiological response of marine mammals to anthropogenic stressors can inform marine ecosystem conservation strategies. Stress stimulates the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and synthesis of glucocorticoid (GC) hormones, which increase energy substrate availability while suppressing energy-intensive processes. Exposure to repeated stressors can potentially affect an animal's ability to respond to and recover from subsequent challenges. To mimic repeated activation of the HPA axis by environmental stressors (or challenges), we administered adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) to free-ranging juvenile northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris; n = 7) once daily for 4 days. ACTH administration induced significant elevation in circulating cortisol and aldosterone levels. The cortisol responses did not vary in magnitude between the first ACTH administration on Day 1 and the last administration on Day 4. In contrast, aldosterone levels remained elevated above baseline for at least 24 h after each ACTH injection, and responses were greater on Day 4 than Day 1. Total triiodothyronine (tT3) levels were decreased on Day 4 relative to Day 1, while reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) concentrations increased relative to baseline on Days 1 and 4 in response to ACTH, indicating a suppression of thyroid hormone production. There was no effect of ACTH on the sex steroid dehydroepiandrosterone. These data suggest that elephant seals are able to mount adrenal responses to multiple ACTH administrations. However, repeated ACTH administration resulted in facilitation of aldosterone secretion and suppression of tT3, which may impact osmoregulation and metabolism, respectively. We propose that aldosterone and tT3 are informative additional indicators of repeated stress in marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly C McCormley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Cory D Champagne
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jared S Deyarmin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Alicia P Stephan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Biology Department, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - Dorian S Houser
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jane I Khudyakov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
- Conservation and Biological Research Program, National Marine Mammal Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA
- Corresponding author: Department of Biological Sciences, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Ave. Stockton, CA 95211, USA.
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Usui H, Nishida Y. The very low-frequency band of heart rate variability represents the slow recovery component after a mental stress task. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182611. [PMID: 28806776 PMCID: PMC5555691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The very low-frequency (VLF) band of heart rate variability (HRV) has different characteristics compared with other HRV components. Here we investigated differences in HRV changes after a mental stress task. After the task, the high-frequency (HF) band and ratio of high- to low-frequency bands (LF/HF) immediately returned to baseline. We evaluated the characteristics of VLF band changes after a mental stress task. We hypothesized that the VLF band decreases during the Stroop color word task and there would be a delayed recovery for 2 h after the task (i.e., the VLF change would exhibit a “slow recovery”). Nineteen healthy, young subjects were instructed to rest for 10 min, followed by a Stroop color word task for 20 min. After the task, the subjects were instructed to rest for 120 min. For all subjects, R-R interval data were collected; analysis was performed for VLF, HF, and LF/HF ratio. HRV during the rest time and each 15-min interval of the recovery time were compared. An analysis of the covariance was performed to adjust for the HF band and LF/HF ratio as confounding variables of the VLF component. HF and VLF bands significantly decreased and the LF/HF ratio significantly increased during the task compared with those during rest time. During recovery, the VLF band was significantly decreased compared with the rest time. After the task, the HF band and LF/HF ratio immediately returned to baseline and were not significantly different from the resting values. After adjusting for HF and LF/HF ratio, the VLF band had significantly decreased compared with that during rest. The VLF band is the “slow recovery” component and the HF band and LF/HF ratio are the “quick recovery” components of HRV. This VLF characteristic may clarify the unexplained association of the VLF band in cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harunobu Usui
- Department of Rehabilitation, AICHI Medical College, Kiyosu City, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yusuke Nishida
- Department of Physical Therapy, International University in Health and Welfare, Narita City, Chiba, Japan
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Living alone and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system: Differential effects depending on alexithymic personality features. J Psychosom Res 2017; 96:42-48. [PMID: 28545792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Living alone is considered as a chronic stress factor predicting different health conditions and particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD). Alexithymia is associated with increased psychological distress, less social skills and fewer close relationships, making alexithymic subjects particularly susceptible to chronic stress imposed by "living alone". Only few studies investigated the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS) activity in response to chronic stress. We aimed at evaluating the effects of "living alone" as a paradigm for chronic stress on RAAS activity and putatively differential effects depending on alexithymic personality features. METHODS Alexithymia and serum concentrations of renin and aldosterone were measured in 944 subjects from the population-based SHIP-1 study. Subgroups were formed using the median of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and a cohabitation status of "living alone" or "living together". Analyses were adjusted for various psychosocial, behavioral and metabolic risk factors. RESULTS "Living alone" was associated with elevated plasma renin (p<0.01, β=0.138) but not aldosterone concentrations in the total sample. On subgroup level, we found associations of "living alone" and elevated renin concentrations only in subjects low in TAS-20 scores (p<0.01, β=0.219). Interactional effects of alexithymia×cohabitation status were found for the aldosterone-to-renin ratio (p=0.02, β=-0.234). CONCLUSIONS The association of chronic stress imposed by "living alone" with increased RAAS activity contributes to explain the relationship of this psychosocial stress condition and increased risk for CVD. In contrast, alexithymic subjects may be less affected by the deleterious effects of "living alone".
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Liu MY, Li N, Li WA, Khan H. Association between psychosocial stress and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Res 2017; 39:573-580. [PMID: 28415916 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2017.1317904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Cardiology, Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - William A. Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Hajra Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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26
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Tazumi S, Yokota N, Kawakami M, Omoto S, Takamata A, Morimoto K. Effects of estrogen replacement on stress-induced cardiovascular responses via renin-angiotensin system in ovariectomized rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R898-R905. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00415.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether chronic estrogen replacement in ovariectomized rats inhibits the pressor response to psychological stress by attenuating the activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Female Wistar rats aged 9 wk were ovariectomized. After 4 wk, the rats were randomly assigned to be implanted subcutaneously with pellets containing either 17β-estradiol (E2) or placebo (Pla). After 4 wk of treatment, the rats underwent cage-switch stress and, in a separate experiment, a subset received an infusion of angiotensin II. The cage-switch stress rapidly elevated blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) as measured by radiotelemetry in both groups. However, the BP and HR responses to the stress were significantly attenuated in the E2 group compared with the Pla group. An angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker, losartan, given in drinking water, abolished the difference in the pressor response to stress between the two groups. Moreover, the stress-induced elevation in plasma renin activity and angiotensin II concentration was significant in the Pla group, but not in the E2 group. In addition, the expression of renin mRNA in the kidney was lower in the E2 group relative to the Pla group. Finally, we found that intravenous angiotensin II infusion increased BP and decreased HR to a similar degree in both groups. These results suggest that the inhibitory effects of estrogen on psychological stress-induced activation of the renin-angiotensin system could be at least partially responsible for the suppression of the pressor responses to psychological stress seen in estrogen-replaced ovariectomized rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tazumi
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Naoko Yokota
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Mizuho Kawakami
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Sayo Omoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Akira Takamata
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
| | - Keiko Morimoto
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Life Science and Human Technology, Nara Women’s University, Kita-Uoya Nishi-machi, Japan
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Côco H, Pernomian L, Pereira PC, Gomes MS, Marchi KC, Lopes AH, Cunha TM, Tirapelli CR, de Oliveira AM. Chronic restraint stress increases angiotensin II potency in the rat carotid: role of cyclooxygenases and reactive oxygen species. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 69:52-65. [PMID: 27774650 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the mechanisms underlying the effects of chronic restraint stress on the vascular contractile response induced by angiotensin (Ang) II in rat carotid. METHODS Concentration-response curves for AngII were obtained in endothelium-intact or endothelium-denuded carotid rings, in the absence or presence of SC-560 (COX-1 inhibitor), SC-236 (COX-2 inhibitor), wortmannin (PI3 K-Akt inhibitor), ML171 (NOX-1 inhibitor), VAS2870 (NOX-4 inhibitor), tiron (O2- scavenger) or PEG-catalase (H2 O2 scavenger). 6-ketoPGF1α , TXB2 , O2- or H2 O2 levels and superoxide dismutase and catalase activity or expression were also measured in rat carotid. KEY FINDINGS Stress increased AngII potency in rat carotid. Muscular COX-1 or COX-2-derived metabolites negatively modulated AngII-induced contraction in control rat carotid. Endothelial COX-1 or COX-2-derived metabolites positively modulated AngII-induced contraction in stressed rat carotid. PI3 K-Akt, NOX-1, NOX-4, O2- and H2 O2 positively modulated AngII-induced contraction in stressed rat carotid. Stress increased 6-ketoPGF1α or H2 O2 generation and reduced catalase activity in rat carotid. Protein expression of COX-1, NOX-4 or p-Akt was increased in stressed rat carotid. CONCLUSIONS Stress increases AngII potency in rat carotid by a mechanism that involves the increased generation of PGI2 and H2 O2 and the activation of Akt pathway. Such mechanism could play a pathophysiological role in cardiovascular diseases correlated with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariane Côco
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Vascular Injury, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Pernomian
- Laboratory of Vascular Injury, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila C Pereira
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Vascular Injury, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mayara S Gomes
- Laboratory of Vascular Injury, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia C Marchi
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Nursing from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre H Lopes
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Cunha
- Departament of Pharmacology, School of Medicine from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Tirapelli
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Nursing from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana M de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Injury, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Kõks S, Dogan S, Tuna BG, González-Navarro H, Potter P, Vandenbroucke RE. Mouse models of ageing and their relevance to disease. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:41-53. [PMID: 27717883 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ageing is a process that gradually increases the organism's vulnerability to death. It affects different biological pathways, and the underlying cellular mechanisms are complex. In view of the growing disease burden of ageing populations, increasing efforts are being invested in understanding the pathways and mechanisms of ageing. We review some mouse models commonly used in studies on ageing, highlight the advantages and disadvantages of the different strategies, and discuss their relevance to disease susceptibility. In addition to addressing the genetics and phenotypic analysis of mice, we discuss examples of models of delayed or accelerated ageing and their modulation by caloric restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulev Kõks
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia and Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu, Estonia.
| | - Soner Dogan
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Bilge Guvenc Tuna
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Herminia González-Navarro
- Institute of Health Research-INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Paul Potter
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- Inflammation Research Center, VIB, Ghent, Belgium, Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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29
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Angiotensin II centrally induces frequent detrusor contractility of the bladder by acting on brain angiotensin II type 1 receptors in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22213. [PMID: 26908391 PMCID: PMC4764915 DOI: 10.1038/srep22213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II plays an important role in the brain as a neurotransmitter and is involved in psychological stress reactions, for example through activation of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system. We investigated the effects of centrally administered Ang II on the micturition reflex, which is potentially affected by the sympatho-adrenomedullary system, and brain Ang II receptors in urethane-anesthetized (1.0 g/kg, intraperitoneally) male rats. Central administration of Ang II (0.01, 0.02, and 0.07 nmol per rat, intracerebroventricularly, icv) but not vehicle rapidly and dose-dependently decreased the urinary bladder intercontraction interval, without altering the bladder detrusor pressure. Central administration of antagonists of Ang II type 1 but not type 2 receptors inhibited the Ang II-induced shortening of intercontraction intervals. Administration of the highest dose of Ang II (0.07 nmol per rat, icv) but not lower doses (0.01 and 0.02 nmol per rat, icv) elevated the plasma concentration of adrenaline. Bilateral adrenalectomy reduced Ang II-induced elevation in adrenaline, but had no effect on the Ang II-induced shortening of the intercontraction interval. These data suggest that central administration of Ang II increases urinary frequency by acting on brain Ang II type 1 receptors, independent of activation of the sympatho-adrenomedullary system.
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Comorbidity Factors and Brain Mechanisms Linking Chronic Stress and Systemic Illness. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:5460732. [PMID: 26977323 PMCID: PMC4761674 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5460732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and mental illness are commonly present in patients with chronic systemic diseases. Mood disorders, such as depression, are present in up to 50% of these patients, resulting in impaired physical recovery and more intricate treatment regimen. Stress associated with both physical and emotional aspects of systemic illness is thought to elicit detrimental effects to initiate comorbid mental disorders. However, clinical reports also indicate that the relationship between systemic and psychiatric illnesses is bidirectional, further increasing the complexity of the underlying pathophysiological processes. In this review, we discuss the recent evidence linking chronic stress and systemic illness, such as activation of the immune response system and release of common proinflammatory mediators. Altogether, discovery of new targets is needed for development of better treatments for stress-related psychiatric illnesses as well as improvement of mental health aspects of different systemic diseases.
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Kumar A, Singh B, Mishra J, Sah SP, Pottabathini R. Neuroprotective mechanism of losartan and its interaction with nimesulide against chronic fatigue stress. Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:291-305. [PMID: 26122818 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0238-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Potential role of angiotensin-II and cyclooxygenase have been suggested in the pathophysiology of chronic fatigue stress. The present study has been designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of losartan and its interaction with nimesulide against chronic fatigue stress and related complications in mice. In the present study, male Laca mice (20-30 g) were subjected to running wheel activity test session (RWATS) for 6 min daily for 21 days. Losartan, nimesulide and their combinations were administered daily for 21 days, 45 min before being subjected to RWATS. Various behavioral and biochemical and neuroinflammatory mediators were assessed subsequently. 21 days RWATS treatment significantly decreased number of wheel rotations/6 min indicating fatigue stress like behaviors as compared to naive group. 21 days treatment with losartan (10 and 20 mg/kg, ip), nimesulide (5 and 10 mg/kg, po) and their combinations significantly improved behavior [increased number of wheel rotations, reversal of post-exercise fatigue, locomotor activity, antianxiety-like behavior (number of entries, latency to enter and time spent in mirror chamber), and memory performance (transfer latency in plus-maze performance task)], biochemical parameters (reduced serum corticosterone, brain lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, acetylcholinesterase activity, restored reduced glutathione levels and catalase activity) as compared to RWATS control. Besides, TNF-α, CRP levels were significantly attenuated by these drugs and their combinations as compared to control. The present study highlights the role of cyclooxygenase modulation in the neuroprotective effect of losartan against chronic fatigue stress-induced behavioral, biochemical and cellular alterations in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
| | - Barinder Singh
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Jitendriya Mishra
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Raghavender Pottabathini
- Pharmacology Division, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Center of Advanced Study (UGC-CAS), Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
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Golbidi S, Frisbee JC, Laher I. Chronic stress impacts the cardiovascular system: animal models and clinical outcomes. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 308:H1476-98. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00859.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stresses are associated with cardiovascular diseases to the extent that cardiovascular diseases are among the most important group of psychosomatic diseases. The longstanding association between stress and cardiovascular disease exists despite a large ambiguity about the underlying mechanisms. An array of possibilities have been proposed including overactivity of the autonomic nervous system and humoral changes, which then converge on endothelial dysfunction that initiates unwanted cardiovascular consequences. We review some of the features of the two most important stress-activated systems, i.e., the humoral and nervous systems, and focus on alterations in endothelial function that could ensue as a result of these changes. Cardiac and hematologic consequences of stress are also addressed briefly. It is likely that activation of the inflammatory cascade in association with oxidative imbalance represents key pathophysiological components of stress-induced cardiovascular changes. We also review some of the commonly used animal models of stress and discuss the cardiovascular outcomes reported in these models of stress. The unique ability of animals for adaptation under stressful conditions lessens the extrapolation of laboratory findings to conditions of human stress. An animal model of unpredictable chronic stress, which applies various stress modules in a random fashion, might be a useful solution to this predicament. The use of stress markers as indicators of stress intensity is also discussed in various models of animal stress and in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Golbidi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and
| | - Jefferson C. Frisbee
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada; and
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Hu B, Liu X, Yin S, Fan H, Feng F, Yuan J. Effects of psychological stress on hypertension in middle-aged Chinese: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129163. [PMID: 26043027 PMCID: PMC4456410 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the effect and relative contributions of different types of stress on the risk of hypertension. Using cluster sampling, 5,976 community-dwelling individuals aged 40-60 were selected. Hypertension was defined according to the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee, and general psychological stress was defined as experiencing stress at work or home. Information on known risk factors of hypertension (e.g., physical activity levels, food intake, smoking behavior) was collected from participants. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associations between psychological stress and hypertension, calculating population-attributable risks and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). General stress was significantly related to hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.247, 95% CI [1.076, 1.446]). Additionally, after adjustment for all other risk factors, women showed a greater risk of hypertension if they had either stress at work or at home: OR = 1.285, 95% CI (1.027, 1.609) and OR = 1.231, 95% CI (1.001, 1.514), respectively. However, this increased risk for hypertension by stress was not found in men. General stress contributed approximately 9.1% (95% CI [3.1, 15.0]) to the risk for hypertension. Thus, psychological stress was associated with an increased risk for hypertension, although this increased risk was not consistent across gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- School of Public Health and the Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kailuan General Hospital, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Sufeng Yin
- School of Public Health and the Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Hongmin Fan
- School of Public Health and the Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Fumin Feng
- School of Public Health and the Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
| | - Juxiang Yuan
- School of Public Health and the Hebei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Health and Safety for Coal Industry, Hebei United University, Tangshan, Hebei Province, China
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de Punder K, Pruimboom L. Stress induces endotoxemia and low-grade inflammation by increasing barrier permeability. Front Immunol 2015; 6:223. [PMID: 26029209 PMCID: PMC4432792 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading causes of work absence, disability, and mortality worldwide. Most of these diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Here, we hypothesize that stresses (defined as homeostatic disturbances) can induce low-grade inflammation by increasing the availability of water, sodium, and energy-rich substances to meet the increased metabolic demand induced by the stressor. One way of triggering low-grade inflammation is by increasing intestinal barrier permeability through activation of various components of the stress system. Although beneficial to meet the demands necessary during stress, increased intestinal barrier permeability also raises the possibility of the translocation of bacteria and their toxins across the intestinal lumen into the blood circulation. In combination with modern life-style factors, the increase in bacteria/bacterial toxin translocation arising from a more permeable intestinal wall causes a low-grade inflammatory state. We support this hypothesis with numerous studies finding associations with NCDs and markers of endotoxemia, suggesting that this process plays a pivotal and perhaps even a causal role in the development of low-grade inflammation and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin de Punder
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité University Medicine , Berlin , Germany ; Natura Foundation , Numansdorp , Netherlands
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Atkinson S, Crocker D, Houser D, Mashburn K. Stress physiology in marine mammals: how well do they fit the terrestrial model? J Comp Physiol B 2015; 185:463-86. [PMID: 25913694 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0901-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Stressors are commonly accepted as the causal factors, either internal or external, that evoke physiological responses to mediate the impact of the stressor. The majority of research on the physiological stress response, and costs incurred to an animal, has focused on terrestrial species. This review presents current knowledge on the physiology of the stress response in a lesser studied group of mammals, the marine mammals. Marine mammals are an artificial or pseudo grouping from a taxonomical perspective, as this group represents several distinct and diverse orders of mammals. However, they all are fully or semi-aquatic animals and have experienced selective pressures that have shaped their physiology in a manner that differs from terrestrial relatives. What these differences are and how they relate to the stress response is an efflorescent topic of study. The identification of the many facets of the stress response is critical to marine mammal management and conservation efforts. Anthropogenic stressors in marine ecosystems, including ocean noise, pollution, and fisheries interactions, are increasing and the dramatic responses of some marine mammals to these stressors have elevated concerns over the impact of human-related activities on a diverse group of animals that are difficult to monitor. This review covers the physiology of the stress response in marine mammals and places it in context of what is known from research on terrestrial mammals, particularly with respect to mediator activity that diverges from generalized terrestrial models. Challenges in conducting research on stress physiology in marine mammals are discussed and ways to overcome these challenges in the future are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Atkinson
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 17101 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK, 99801, USA,
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Hayashi M, Takeshita K, Uchida Y, Yamamoto K, Kikuchi R, Nakayama T, Nomura E, Cheng XW, Matsushita T, Nakamura S, Murohara T. Angiotensin II receptor blocker ameliorates stress-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e116163. [PMID: 25551221 PMCID: PMC4281136 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A strong causal link exists between psychological stress and insulin resistance as well with hypertension. Meanwhile, stress-related responses play critical roles in glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients. As clinical trials suggest that angiotensin-receptor blocker delays the onset of diabetes in hypertensive patients, we investigated the effects of irbesartan on stress-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 2-week intermittent restraint stress and orally treated with vehicle, 3 and 10 mg/kg/day irbesartan. The plasma concentrations of lipid and proinflammatory cytokines [Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6] were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Monocyte/macrophage accumulation in inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) was observed with CD11b-positive cell counts and mRNA expressions of CD68 and F4/80 using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods respectively. The mRNA levels of angiotensinogen, proinflammatory cytokines shown above, and adiponectin in WAT were also assessed with RT-PCR method. Glucose metabolism was assessed by glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) and insulin tolerance tests, and mRNA expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in WAT. Restraint stress increased monocyte accumulation, plasma free fatty acids, expression of angiotensinogen and proinflammatory cytokines including MCP-1, and reduced adiponectin. Irbesartan reduced stress-induced monocyte accumulation in WAT in a dose dependent manner. Irbesartan treatment also suppressed induction of adipose angiotensinogen and proinflammatory cytokines in WAT and blood, and reversed changes in adiponectin expression. Notably, irbesartan suppressed stress-induced reduction in adipose tissue weight and free fatty acid release, and improved insulin tolerance with restoration of IRS-1 and GLUT4 mRNA expressions in WAT. The results indicate that irbesartan improves stress-induced adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. Our results suggests that irbesartan treatment exerts additive benefits for glucose metabolism in hypertensive patients with mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoharu Hayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yasuhiro Uchida
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Emiko Nomura
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Rodriguez-Vallecillo E, Woodbury-Fariña MA. Dermatological manifestations of stress in normal and psychiatric populations. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2014; 37:625-51. [PMID: 25455069 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the way stress affects the skin, both at the molecular level, where the skin has an intricate connection to the neurocutaneous and immune systems, and at the clinical level. The concept of psychodermatology is reviewed with regard to the way skin reacts to stress, how stress is a trigger for several common skin diseases, and how neuropsychiatric disorders may have skin manifestations. The article is directed at making the dermatologist, the psychiatrist, the psychologist, and the primary physician familiar with the brain-skin mechanisms involved in stress and the resultant clinical expressions on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Rodriguez-Vallecillo
- Private Practice, 29 Washington Street, Suite 507, San Juan, PR 00907, USA; Dermatology, HIMA San Pablo Hospital, Sta. Cruz Street, Bayamon, PR 00961, USA.
| | - Michel A Woodbury-Fariña
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, 307 Calle Eleonor Roosevelt, San Juan, PR 00918-2720, USA
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Charkoudian N, Wallin BG. Sympathetic neural activity to the cardiovascular system: integrator of systemic physiology and interindividual characteristics. Compr Physiol 2014; 4:825-50. [PMID: 24715570 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c130038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system is a ubiquitous, integrating controller of myriad physiological functions. In the present article, we review the physiology of sympathetic neural control of cardiovascular function with a focus on integrative mechanisms in humans. Direct measurement of sympathetic neural activity (SNA) in humans can be accomplished using microneurography, most commonly performed in the peroneal (fibular) nerve. In humans, muscle SNA (MSNA) is composed of vasoconstrictor fibers; its best-recognized characteristic is its participation in transient, moment-to-moment control of arterial blood pressure via the arterial baroreflex. This property of MSNA contributes to its typical "bursting" pattern which is strongly linked to the cardiac cycle. Recent evidence suggests that sympathetic neural mechanisms and the baroreflex have important roles in the long term control of blood pressure as well. One of the striking characteristics of MSNA is its large interindividual variability. However, in young, normotensive humans, higher MSNA is not linked to higher blood pressure due to balancing influences of other cardiovascular variables. In men, an inverse relationship between MSNA and cardiac output is a major factor in this balance, whereas in women, beta-adrenergic vasodilation offsets the vasoconstrictor/pressor effects of higher MSNA. As people get older (and in people with hypertension) higher MSNA is more likely to be linked to higher blood pressure. Skin SNA (SSNA) can also be measured in humans, although interpretation of SSNA signals is complicated by multiple types of neurons involved (vasoconstrictor, vasodilator, sudomotor and pilomotor). In addition to blood pressure regulation, the sympathetic nervous system contributes to cardiovascular regulation during numerous other reflexes, including those involved in exercise, thermoregulation, chemoreflex regulation, and responses to mental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Charkoudian
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts
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Zhao Z, Wang H, Jessup JA, Lindsey SH, Chappell MC, Groban L. Role of estrogen in diastolic dysfunction. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2014; 306:H628-40. [PMID: 24414072 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00859.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) sharply increases in women after menopause and may lead to heart failure. While evidence suggests that estrogens protect the premenopausal heart from hypertension and ventricular remodeling, the specific mechanisms involved remain elusive. Moreover, whether there is a protective role of estrogens against cardiovascular disease, and specifically LVDD, continues to be controversial. Clinical and basic science have implicated activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), linked to the loss of ovarian estrogens, in the pathogenesis of postmenopausal diastolic dysfunction. As a consequence of increased tissue ANG II and low estrogen, a maladaptive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system produces ROS that contribute to female sex-specific hypertensive heart disease. Recent insights from rodent models that mimic the cardiac phenotype of an estrogen-insufficient or -deficient woman (e.g., premature ovarian failure or postmenopausal), including the ovariectomized congenic mRen2.Lewis female rat, provide evidence showing that estrogen modulates the tissue RAAS and NOS system and related intracellular signaling pathways, in part via the membrane G protein-coupled receptor 30 (GPR30; also called G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1). Complementing the cardiovascular research in this field, the echocardiographic correlates of LVDD as well as inherent limitations to its use in preclinical rodent studies will be briefly presented. Understanding the roles of estrogen and GPR30, their interactions with the local RAAS and NOS system, and the relationship of each of these to LVDD is necessary to identify new therapeutic targets and alternative treatments for diastolic heart failure that achieve the cardiovascular benefits of estrogen replacement without its side effects and contraindications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Jinan Central Hospital, Affiliated with Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Psychological stress, vascular inflammation, and atherogenesis: potential roles of circulating cytokines. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 62:6-12. [PMID: 23318990 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182858fac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies have clearly demonstrated that chronic psychosocial stress increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and this may involve multiple mediators and regulating pathways, whereas the precise mechanisms underlying the effects of stress on development of atherosclerosis are not completely understood. In this mini review, we summarize current information from various animal studies suggesting that stress may promote atherogenesis by stimulating vascular inflammation via elevating the level of circulating proinflammatory cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 6). Although circulating cytokines can serve as reliable biomarkers of systemic inflammation, in light of the emerging evidence, we propose that these molecules may also have a causal role in mediating stress-triggered vascular inflammatory reaction and atherogenesis. Further studies are warranted to clarify whether targeting circulating cytokines may be an effective approach to reduce the detrimental effects of chronic stress.
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Abstract
Combined cardiac and renal dysfunction has gained considerable attention. Hypotheses about its pathogenesis have been formulated, albeit based on a relatively small body of experimental studies, and a clinical classification system has been proposed. Cardiorenal syndrome, as presently defined, comprises a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic clinical conditions, in which the failure of one organ (heart or kidney) initiates or aggravates failure of the other. This conceptual framework, however, has two major drawbacks: the first is that, despite worldwide interest, universally accepted definitions of cardiorenal syndrome are lacking and characterization of heart and kidney failure is not uniform. This lack of consistency hampers experimental studies on mechanisms of the disease. The second is that, although progress has been made in developing hypotheses for the pathogenesis of cardiorenal syndrome, these initiatives are at an impasse. No hierarchy has been identified in the myriad of haemodynamic and non-haemodynamic factors mediating cardiorenal syndrome. This Review discusses current understanding of cardiorenal syndrome and provides a roadmap for further studies in this field. Ultimately, discussion of the definition and characterization issues and of the lack of organization among pathogenetic factors is hoped to contribute to further advancement of this complex field.
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Lu XT, Liu YF, Zhao L, Li WJ, Yang RX, Yan FF, Zhao YX, Jiang F. Chronic psychological stress induces vascular inflammation in rabbits. Stress 2013; 16:87-98. [PMID: 22428781 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2012.676696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress is associated with a systemic inflammatory response. It is unclear, however, whether psychological stress contributes to vascular inflammation. Here, we examined the effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) on vascular inflammation in rabbits. One hundred rabbits were randomly divided into control and stress groups. UCMS was induced by a set of defined adverse conditions applied in a shuffled order for 4, 8, 12, or 16 weeks, and rabbits were killed 24 h after the end of the UCMS protocol. Expression of different inflammatory molecules was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. UCMS resulted in depression-like behaviors, decreased body weight gain, and hypertension with no significant effects on serum lipids. Aortic mRNA and protein expression for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) protein were increased. UCMS increased circulating concentrations of corticosterone, TNF-α, and CRP throughout. Moreover, stress downregulated the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. At 16 weeks of UCMS, macrophage infiltration and lipid accumulation in the subendothelial space were detected in the aorta. In cultured murine vascular smooth muscle cells, treatment with serum from stressed rabbits significantly increased phosphorylation of p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and upregulated expression of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 mRNAs, in which the effect was blunted by a TNF-α neutralizing antibody or p38 and JNK inhibitors. Our results indicate that chronic psychological stress induces vascular inflammation via TNF-α and p38/JNK pathways, which may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ting Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, PR China
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Marvar PJ, Harrison DG. Stress-dependent hypertension and the role of T lymphocytes. Exp Physiol 2012; 97:1161-7. [PMID: 22941978 DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2011.061507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is a significant global health burden that is associated with an increased risk of stroke, atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases. Several risk factors, including high dietary salt, obesity, genetics and race, as well as behavioural and psychological factors, contribute to development of this complex disease. Various hypertensive stimuli enhance sympathetic drive and promote autonomic dysfunction leading to elevated blood pressure. As our understanding of the pathogenesis and end-organ damage associated with hypertension increases, mounting evidence also highlights the role of inflammation in this process and, in particular, the role of the adaptive immune system and T cells. This review discusses recent findings regarding the role of the central nervous system, T lymphocytes and the impact of cardiovascular risk factors, such as psychological stress, in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Marvar
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Uchida Y, Takeshita K, Yamamoto K, Kikuchi R, Nakayama T, Nomura M, Cheng XW, Egashira K, Matsushita T, Nakamura H, Murohara T. Stress augments insulin resistance and prothrombotic state: role of visceral adipose-derived monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. Diabetes 2012; 61:1552-61. [PMID: 22396205 PMCID: PMC3357288 DOI: 10.2337/db11-0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Stressors contribute to thrombosis and insulin resistance. Since obesity-related adipose inflammation is also involved in these pathological states, we assumed that stress correlates with adipose inflammation. Male mice were subjected to 2-week intermittent restraint stress. Expression of plasma lipids, monocyte/macrophage markers (CD11b, CD68, and F4/80), proinflammatory cytokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 [MCP-1], tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6), adiponectin, heat shock protein 70.1 (HSP70.1), and coagulation factors (plasminogen activation inhibitor-1 [PAI-1] and tissue factor [TF]) in blood and inguinal white adipose tissue (WAT) was determined using immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and RT-PCR, respectively. Glucose metabolism was assessed by glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) and insulin tolerance tests, and expression of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in WAT. To examine effects of MCP-1 blockade, animals were treated with control or neutralizing antibody, or transplanted with control or 7ND (dominant-negative form of MCP-1)-overexpressing adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs). Stress increased monocyte accumulation, free fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokine, and HSP70.1 and reduced adiponectin. Adipose stromal cells highly expressed MCP-1. The stress-induced adipose inflammation increased PAI-1 and TF but did not give rise to thrombus formation. Without any changes in GTT, stress worsened insulin sensitivity and decreased IRS-1 and GLUT4 in WAT. Neutralizing antibody and 7ND-ADSCs reversed stress-induced adipose inflammation, procoagulant state, and insulin resistance. Stress evoked adipose inflammation to increase coagulation factors and impair insulin sensitivity through adipose-derived MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Uchida
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Takeshita
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
- Corresponding author: Kyosuke Takeshita,
| | - Koji Yamamoto
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakayama
- Department of Hematology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mieko Nomura
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsushita
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideo Nakamura
- Department of Pathology, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Marvar PJ, Vinh A, Thabet S, Lob HE, Geem D, Ressler KJ, Harrison DG. T lymphocytes and vascular inflammation contribute to stress-dependent hypertension. Biol Psychiatry 2012; 71:774-82. [PMID: 22361077 PMCID: PMC3354001 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Revised: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is a significant risk factor for hypertension and also directly affects the immune system. We have previously reported that T lymphocytes are essential for development of hypertension and that the central nervous system contributes to peripheral T-lymphocyte activation and vascular inflammation in this disease; however, the role of T-cell activation in stress-related hypertension remains unclear. METHODS Wild-type and T-cell-deficient (RAG-1(-/-)) mice were subjected to daily episodes of stress and blood pressure was measured. Circulating T-cell activation markers and vascular infiltration of immune cells were analyzed, as were stress hormone levels and gene expression changes in the brain. The effects angiotensin II infusion in the presence of chronic stress was also studied. RESULTS Repeated daily stress contributed to acute elevations in blood pressure that were associated with increased activation of circulating T cells and increased vascular infiltration of T cells. Repeated stress increased blood pressure in wild-type but not RAG-1(-/-) mice. Adoptive transfer of T cells to RAG-1(-/-) mice restored blood pressure elevation in response to stress. Stress-related hypertension and vascular infiltration of T cells was markedly enhanced by angiotensin II. Moreover, angiotensin II-infused mice exposed to chronic stress exhibited greater blood pressure reactivity to an episode of acute stress. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrate that stress-dependent hypertension triggers an inflammatory response that raises blood pressure at baseline and augments the hypertension caused by angiotensin II. These data provide insight as to how psychological stress contributes to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Marvar
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and the Center of Behavioral Sciences
| | - Antony Vinh
- Department of Pharmacology Monash University
| | - Salim Thabet
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
| | | | - Duke Geem
- Emory University Department of Pediatrics
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Emory University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry and the Center of Behavioral Sciences,Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
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