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Wang Z, Yin G, Liao X, Zhou Z, Cao Y, Li X, Wu W, Zhang S, Lou Q. Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam extracts alleviate cadmium-induced renal fibrosis by targeting matrix metallopeptidase 9. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117824. [PMID: 38278375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cornus officinalis var. koreana Kitam (Cornus officinalis) is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine and has a good clinical efficacy in kidney and liver diseases. Recent years, a number of studies reported the significant effects of Cornus officinalis on renal fibrosis. However, it is still unclear about the underlying specific mechanism, the bioactive ingredients, and the target gene regulatory network. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the impact of Cornus officinalis extract on cadmium-induced renal fibrosis, screened the bioactive ingredients of Cornus officinalis using a pharmacological sub-network analysis, and explored the regulatory effects of Cornus officinalis extracts on target gene matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9). METHODS Male C57BL/6N mice were treated with single or combinatorial agents such as saline, cadmium chloride, Cornus officinalis, Isoginkgetin and FSL-1. Isoginkgetin is a compound with anti-MMP9 activity. FSL-1 can induce MMP9 expression. Masson staining and Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses were used for assessing renal fibrosis. In addition, wound healing model was established using BUMPT (Boston university mouse proximal tubular) cells to investigate how Cornus officinalis affected cadmium-induced cell migration. The main Cornus officinalis bioactive compounds were identified by UHPLC-MS (Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry). The MMP9 target for Cornus officinalis active ingredients were confirmed through a pharmacological sub-network analysis. RESULTS Aqueous extracts of Cornus officinalis protected from renal dysfunction and kidney fibrosis induced by cadmium chloride in mice. In vitro experiments validated that Cornus officinalis extracts inhibited cell migration ability especially in cadmium chloride condition. The sub-network analysis and chemical components profiling technique revealed the active compounds of Cornus officinalis. Cellular thermal shift assay verified the binding abilities of three active components Daidzein, N-Acetyl-L-tyrosine or Swertisin with matrix metalloproteinase-9. Gelatin zymography assay revealed that the activity of MMP9 was inhibited by the three active components. We further confirmed that MMP9 was involved in the process of Cornus officinalis extracts reducing renal fibrosis. Cornus officinalis attenuated the cadmium-induced renal fibrosis was correlated with decreased expression of MMP9, collagen I, α-SMA (alpha-smooth muscle actin) and vimentin. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that Cornus officinalis extracts could alleviate the cadmium chloride-induced renal fibrosis by targeting MMP9, and might provide new insights into the mechanism of treating renal fibrosis by Cornus officinalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghang Wang
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Guanyi Yin
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Xiaochen Liao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Ziou Zhou
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Yaping Cao
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Xuemiao Li
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Shuanglin Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China
| | - Qiang Lou
- Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475000, PR China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, PR China.
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Reiss AB, Jacob B, Zubair A, Srivastava A, Johnson M, De Leon J. Fibrosis in Chronic Kidney Disease: Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Targets. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1881. [PMID: 38610646 PMCID: PMC11012936 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13071881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a slowly progressive condition characterized by decreased kidney function, tubular injury, oxidative stress, and inflammation. CKD is a leading global health burden that is asymptomatic in early stages but can ultimately cause kidney failure. Its etiology is complex and involves dysregulated signaling pathways that lead to fibrosis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a central mediator in promoting transdifferentiation of polarized renal tubular epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, resulting in irreversible kidney injury. While current therapies are limited, the search for more effective diagnostic and treatment modalities is intensive. Although biopsy with histology is the most accurate method of diagnosis and staging, imaging techniques such as diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and shear wave elastography ultrasound are less invasive ways to stage fibrosis. Current therapies such as renin-angiotensin blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors aim to delay progression. Newer antifibrotic agents that suppress the downstream inflammatory mediators involved in the fibrotic process are in clinical trials, and potential therapeutic targets that interfere with TGF-β signaling are being explored. Small interfering RNAs and stem cell-based therapeutics are also being evaluated. Further research and clinical studies are necessary in order to avoid dialysis and kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison B. Reiss
- Department of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA; (B.J.); (A.Z.); (A.S.); (M.J.); (J.D.L.)
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Lv S, Cao M, Luo J, Fu K, Yuan W. Search progress of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in organ fibrosis. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:389. [PMID: 38446272 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09307-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is characterized by abnormal deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), leading to organ structural remodeling and loss of function. The principal cellular effector in fibrosis is activated myofibroblasts, which serve as the main source of matrix proteins. Metabolic reprogramming, transitioning from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, is widely observed in rapidly dividing cells such as tumor cells and activated myofibroblasts and is increasingly recognized as a fundamental pathogenic basis in organ fibrosis. Targeting metabolism represents a promising strategy to mitigate fibrosis. PKM2, a key enzyme in glycolysis, plays a pivotal role in metabolic reprogramming through allosteric regulation, impacting both metabolic and non-metabolic pathways. Therefore, metabolic reprogramming induced by PKM2 activation is involved in the occurrence and development of fibrosis in various organs. A comprehensive understanding of the role of PKM2 in fibrotic diseases is crucial for seeking new anti-fibrotic therapeutic targets. In this context, we summarize PKM2's role in glycolysis, mediating the intricate mechanisms underlying fibrosis in multiple organs, and discuss the potential value of PKM2 inhibitors and allosteric activators in future clinical treatments, aiming to identify novel therapeutic targets for proliferative fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Mengfei Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Kewei Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China.
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Wang Y, Jiao L, Qiang C, Chen C, Shen Z, Ding F, Lv L, Zhu T, Lu Y, Cui X. The role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in fibrosis diseases and its molecular mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116116. [PMID: 38181715 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a process of tissue repair that results in the slow creation of scar tissue to replace healthy tissue and can affect any tissue or organ. Its primary feature is the massive deposition of extracellular matrix (mainly collagen), eventually leading to tissue dysfunction and organ failure. The progression of fibrotic diseases has put a significant strain on global health and the economy, and as a result, there is an urgent need to find some new therapies. Previous studies have identified that inflammation, oxidative stress, some cytokines, and remodeling play a crucial role in fibrotic diseases and are essential avenues for treating fibrotic diseases. Among them, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are considered the main targets for the treatment of fibrotic diseases since they are the primary driver involved in ECM degradation, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are natural endogenous inhibitors of MMPs. Through previous studies, we found that MMP-9 is an essential target for treating fibrotic diseases. However, it is worth noting that MMP-9 plays a bidirectional regulatory role in different fibrotic diseases or different stages of the same fibrotic disease. Previously identified MMP-9 inhibitors, such as pirfenidone and nintedanib, suffer from some rather pronounced side effects, and therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate new drugs. In this review, we explore the mechanism of action and signaling pathways of MMP-9 in different tissues and organs, hoping to provide some ideas for developing safer and more effective biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linke Jiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caoxia Qiang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihuan Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Ding
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China; Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lifei Lv
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingdong Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangning Cui
- Department of Cardiovascular Unit, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Cheng T, Agwu C, Shim K, Wang B, Jain S, Mahjoub MR. Aberrant centrosome biogenesis disrupts nephron and collecting duct progenitor growth and fate resulting in fibrocystic kidney disease. Development 2023; 150:dev201976. [PMID: 37982452 PMCID: PMC10753588 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Mutations that disrupt centrosome biogenesis or function cause congenital kidney developmental defects and fibrocystic pathologies. Yet how centrosome dysfunction results in the kidney disease phenotypes remains unknown. Here, we examined the consequences of conditional knockout of the ciliopathy gene Cep120, essential for centrosome duplication, in the nephron and collecting duct progenitor niches of the mouse embryonic kidney. Cep120 loss led to reduced abundance of both cap mesenchyme and ureteric bud populations, due to a combination of delayed mitosis, increased apoptosis and premature differentiation of progenitor cells. These defects resulted in dysplastic kidneys at birth, which rapidly formed cysts, displayed increased interstitial fibrosis and decline in kidney function. RNA sequencing of embryonic and postnatal kidneys from Cep120-null mice identified changes in the pathways essential for development, fibrosis and cystogenesis. Our study defines the cellular and developmental defects caused by centrosome dysfunction during kidney morphogenesis and identifies new therapeutic targets for patients with renal centrosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chidera Agwu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kyuhwan Shim
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sanjay Jain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Moe R. Mahjoub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University in St Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Xu L, Jiang H, Xie J, Xu Q, Zhou J, Lu X, Wang M, Dong L, Zuo D. Mannan-binding lectin ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21882. [PMID: 38034794 PMCID: PMC10685189 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a pattern-recognition molecule that plays a crucial role in innate immunity. MBL deficiency correlates with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the molecular mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we established a CKD model in wild-type (WT) and MBL-deficient (MBL-/-) mice via unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). The result showed that MBL deficiency aggravated the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis in CKD mice. Strikingly, the in vivo macrophage depletion investigation revealed that macrophages play an essential role in the MBL-mediated suppression of renal fibrosis. We found that MBL limited the progression of macrophage-to-myofibroblast transition (MMT) in kidney tissues of UUO mice. Further in vitro study showed that MBL-/- macrophages exhibited significantly increased levels of fibrotic-related molecules compared with WT cells upon transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) stimulation. We demonstrated that MBL inhibited the MMT process by suppressing the production of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and activation of Akt signaling. In summary, our study revealed an expected role of MBL on macrophage transition during renal fibrosis, thus offering new insight into the potential of MBL as a therapeutic target for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Clinical Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524045, China
| | - Honglian Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510030, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qishan Xu
- Clinical Research Institute of Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University Zhanjiang Central Hospital, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, 524045, China
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Xiao Lu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Mingyong Wang
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- School of Medical Technology, Shangqiu Medical College, Shangqiu, 476100, China
| | - Lijun Dong
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Zhang Q, Ye J, Zhang Z, Hu Y, Wang X, Jiang W, Guo X, Chen L, Cheng S, Li J, Zhang L. Aristolocholic acid I promotes renal tubular epithelial fibrosis by upregulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression via activating the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages. Toxicol Lett 2023; 381:27-35. [PMID: 37084829 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Aristolochic acid I (AAI) can cause nephrotoxicity and is characterized by interstitial fibrosis. The C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) play important roles in fibrosis, but whether they are involved in AAI-induced renal interstitial fibrosis and are related remains to be elucidated. In this study, we investigated whether C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages promotes renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating MMP-9 in aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). Intraperitoneal injection of AAI for 28 days successfully induced AAN in C57bl/6 mice. The content of C3a in the kidney of AAN mice was increased, and there was a significant distribution of macrophages in the renal tubules. The same results were observed in the in vitro experiment. We also explored the role and mechanism of macrophages after AAI administration in the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) and found that AAI could activate the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages to upregulate p65 expression in macrophages. p65 upregulated MMP-9 expression in macrophages not only directly but also by promoting the secretion if interleukin-6 by macrophages and then activating STAT3 in RTECs. The upregulation of MMP-9 expression could promote the EMT of RTECs. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the AAI-activated the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages, which induced MMP-9 production, was one of the causes of renal interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, targeting the C3a/C3aR axis of macrophages is an effective therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis in AAN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jing Ye
- School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongkang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinlong Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Langqun Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Siyu Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Jinling Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Allam S, Elsakka EGE, Ismail A, Doghish AS, Yehia AM, Elkady MA, Mokhlis HA, Sayed SM, Abd Elaziz AI, Hashish AA, Amin MM, El Shahat RM, Mohammed OA. Androgen receptor blockade by flutamide down-regulates renal fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways in male rats. Life Sci 2023; 323:121697. [PMID: 37061126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM this study aims to explore the effect of androgen receptor (AR) blockade by flutamide on some renal pathologic changes such as inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis in male rats. MAIN METHODS Firstly, we investigated the potential effect of AR blockade on renal inflammatory intermediates including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-Қβ proteins, and the renal gene expression of NF-Қβ. Besides inflammation, we also assessed the apoptosis pathways including the caspases 3 & 9, mTOR, pAKT proteins, and BAX gene expression. Besides inflammation and apoptosis pathways, we also investigated the effect of androgen blockade on renal fibrosis intermediates including vimentin, TGFβ-1, α-SMA, MMP-9, collagen type-III, collagen type-IV, and the renal expression of the col1A1 gene. Besides previous pathological pathways, we assessed the expression of chloride channel protein-5 (ClC-5), as an important regulator of many renal pathological changes. Finally, we assessed the impact of previous pathological changes on renal function at biochemical and pathological levels. KEY FINDINGS We found that AR blockade by flutamide was associated with the down-regulation of renal inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis markers. It was associated with expression down-regulation of IL-1β & IL-6, TNF-α, NF-Қβ, caspases 3 & 9, mTOR, MMP-9, collagens, TGFβ-1, and α-SMA. Away from down-regulation, we also found that AR blockade has upregulated ClC-5 and pAKT proteins. SIGNIFICANCE AR is a major player in androgens-induced nephrotoxicity. AR blockade downregulates renal fibrosis, inflammation, and apoptosis pathways. It may be helpful as a strategy for alleviation of renal side effects associated with some drugs. However; this needs further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Allam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, 32511 Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Elsayed G E Elsakka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Ismail
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Amr Mohamed Yehia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elkady
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hamada Ahmed Mokhlis
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara M Sayed
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (girls) Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adel I Abd Elaziz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdullah A Hashish
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mona M Amin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehab M El Shahat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Osama A Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia
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Hassan NH, Yousef DM, Alsemeh AE. Hesperidin protects against aluminum-induced renal injury in rats via modulating MMP-9 and apoptosis: biochemical, histological, and ultrastructural study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36208-36227. [PMID: 36547838 PMCID: PMC10039835 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum, one of the most abundant metallic elements, is known to be toxic to multiple organs including the kidneys. This study aimed to investigate the pleiotropic nephroprotective effects of Hesperidin in aluminum chloride (ALCL3)-induced renal injury, highlighting the potential molecular mechanisms underlying. Twenty-four male albino rats were divided into four groups: control, Hesperidin (80 mg/kg BW, orally), ALCL3 (10 mg/kg BW, IP), and ALCL3 + Hesperidin groups. By the end of the study, blood samples were collected, and tissue samples were harvested at sacrifice. ALCL3 rats showed dramatically declined renal function, enhanced intrarenal oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and extravagant renal histopathological damage with interstitial fibrosis as shown by a higher Endothelial, Glomerular, Tubular, and Interstitial (EGTI) score. Hesperidin significantly reversed all the aforementioned detrimental effects in ALCL3-treated rats. The study verified the nephroprotective effects of Hesperidin on ALCL3-induced renal damage and confirmed the critical role of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and apoptosis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Husseiny Hassan
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Doaa Mohammed Yousef
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
| | - Amira Ebrahim Alsemeh
- Human Anatomy and Embryology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519 Egypt
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Wang Y, Liu H, Li W, Xie Y, Gan C, Xue T, Su X, Yue L, Wang Q, Fan C, Zhang Y, Ye T. Discovery of the novel Benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide derivatives as a potent STAT3 inhibitor against idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114953. [PMID: 36463728 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease of unknown aetiology with limited treatment options. Currently, only two drugs, nintedanib and pirfenidone, are approved for the clinical treatment of IPF, but their efficacies are not satisfactory. Previous studies have shown that STAT3 might be a promising therapeutic target for IPF. Here, we designed several series of compounds and finally synthesized a total of 48 novel compounds as potential STAT3 inhibitors. Notably, compound 10K was the most promising compound with excellent inhibitory activity against STAT3 phosphorylation. Subsequently, the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of 10K was further investigated by TGF-β1-stimulated in vitro cell assay and bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis animal models. Specifically, compound 10K inhibited the TGF-β1 induced fibrotic response and blocked the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of A549 cells, and its inhibitory effect was significantly better than that of Stattic. In addition, after oral administration of 10K, the symptoms of IPF in the lung tissue in the prevention and treatment mouse models were significantly reversed, and the efficacy was comparable to that of nintedanib. Moreover, 10K improved BLM-induced imbalance of immune microenvironment in lung tissue. Taken together, these results suggest that 10K could be a potential STAT3 inhibitor for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hongyao Liu
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wenzhen Li
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yuting Xie
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Cailing Gan
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Taixiong Xue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xingping Su
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lin Yue
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Chen Fan
- Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region (Hospital.C.T.), Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- Sichuan University-University of Oxford Huaxi Joint Centre for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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11
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Glucosidase inhibitor, Nimbidiol ameliorates renal fibrosis and dysfunction in type-1 diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21707. [PMID: 36522378 PMCID: PMC9755213 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25848-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) leading to renal fibrosis, progressive deterioration of renal function, and eventually to end stage renal disease. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are known to regulate synthesis and degradation of the ECM. Earlier, we demonstrated that imbalanced MMPs promote adverse ECM remodeling leading to renal fibrosis in type-1 diabetes. Moreover, elevated macrophage infiltration, pro-inflammatory cytokines and epithelial‒mesenchymal transition (EMT) are known to contribute to the renal fibrosis. Various bioactive compounds derived from the medicinal plant, Azadirachta indica (neem) are shown to regulate inflammation and ECM proteins in different diseases. Nimbidiol is a neem-derived diterpenoid that is considered as a potential anti-diabetic compound due to its glucosidase inhibitory properties. We investigated whether Nimbidiol mitigates adverse ECM accumulation and renal fibrosis to improve kidney function in type-1 diabetes and the underlying mechanism. Wild-type (C57BL/6J) and type-1 diabetic (C57BL/6-Ins2Akita/J) mice were treated either with saline or with Nimbidiol (0.40 mg kg-1 d-1) for eight weeks. Diabetic kidney showed increased accumulation of M1 macrophages, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and EMT. In addition, upregulated MMP-9 and MMP-13, excessive collagen deposition in the glomerular and tubulointerstitial regions, and degradation of vascular elastin resulted to renal fibrosis in the Akita mice. These pathological changes in the diabetic mice were associated with functional impairments that include elevated resistive index and reduced blood flow in the renal cortex, and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Furthermore, TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, p-P38, p-ERK1/2 and p-JNK were upregulated in diabetic kidney compared to WT mice. Treatment with Nimbidiol reversed the changes to alleviate inflammation, ECM accumulation and fibrosis and thus, improved renal function in Akita mice. Together, our results suggest that Nimbidiol attenuates inflammation and ECM accumulation and thereby, protects kidney from fibrosis and dysfunction possibly by inhibiting TGF-β/Smad and MAPK signaling pathways in type-1 diabetes.
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12
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Saifi MA, Bansod S, Godugu C. COVID-19 and fibrosis: Mechanisms, clinical relevance, and future perspectives. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103345. [PMID: 36075378 PMCID: PMC9444298 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has had significant impacts worldwide since its emergence in December, 2019. Despite a high recovery rate, there is a growing concern over its residual, long-term effects. However, because of a lack of long-term data, we are still far from establishing a consensus on post-COVID-19 complications. The deposition of excessive extracellular matrix (ECM), known as fibrosis, has been observed in numerous survivors of COVID-19. Given the exceptionally high number of individuals affected, there is an urgent need to address the emergence of fibrosis post-COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the clinical relevance of COVID-19-associated fibrosis, the current status of antifibrotic agents, novel antifibrotic targets, and challenges to its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India
| | - Sapana Bansod
- Department of Internal Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Biological Sciences (Regulatory Toxicology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 037, India.
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13
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Wang Y, Yu F, Li A, He Z, Qu C, He C, Ma X, Zhan H. The progress and prospect of natural components in rhubarb (Rheum ribes L.) in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:919967. [PMID: 36105187 PMCID: PMC9465315 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.919967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Renal fibrosis is a key pathological change that occurs in the progression of almost all chronic kidney diseases . CKD has the characteristics of high morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence is increasing each year on a global scale, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Natural products have been used for new drug development and disease treatment for many years. The abundant natural products in R. ribes L. can intervene in the process of renal fibrosis in different ways and have considerable therapeutic prospects. Purpose: The etiology and pathology of renal fibrosis were analyzed, and the different ways in which the natural components of R. ribes L. can intervene and provide curative effects on the process of renal fibrosis were summarized. Methods: Electronic databases, such as PubMed, Life Science, MEDLINE, and Web of Science, were searched using the keywords ‘R. ribes L.’, ‘kidney fibrosis’, ‘emodin’ and ‘rhein’, and the various ways in which the natural ingredients protect against renal fibrosis were collected and sorted out. Results: We analyzed several factors that play a leading role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, such as the mechanism of the TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Additionally, we reviewed the progress of the treatment of renal fibrosis with natural components in R. ribes L. and the intervention mechanism of the crucial therapeutic targets. Conclusion: The natural components of R. ribes L. have a wide range of intervention effects on renal fibrosis targets, which provides new ideas for the development of new anti-kidney fibrosis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangwei Yu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ao Li
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijia He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyan Qu
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiying He
- Clinical School of Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
| | - Huakui Zhan
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Sichuan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao Ma, ; Huakui Zhan,
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14
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Paul Owens E, Grania Healy H, Andrew Vesey D, Elizabeth Hoy W, Carolyn Gobe G. Targeted biomarkers of progression in chronic kidney disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 536:18-28. [PMID: 36041551 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly significant health issue worldwide. Early stages of CKD can be asymptomatic and disease trajectory difficult to predict. Not everyone with CKD progresses to kidney failure, where kidney replacement therapy is the only life-sustaining therapy. Predicting which patients will progress to kidney failure would allow better use of targeted treatments and more effective allocation of health resources. Current diagnostic tests to identify patients with progressive disease perform poorly but there is a suite of new and emerging predictive biomarkers with great clinical promise. METHODS This narrative review describes new and emerging biomarkers of pathophysiologic processes of CKD development and progression, accessible in blood or urine liquid biopsies. Biomarkers were selected based on their reported pathobiological functions in kidney injury, inflammation, oxidative stress, repair and fibrosis. Biomarker function and evidence of involvement in CKD development and progression are reported. CONCLUSION Many biomarkers reviewed here have received little attention to date, perhaps because of conflicting conclusions of their utility in CKD. The functional roles of the selected biomarkers in the underlying pathobiology of progression of CKD are a powerful rationale for advancing and validating these molecules as prognosticators and predictors of CKD trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Paul Owens
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia
| | - Helen Grania Healy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Kidney Health Service, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
| | - David Andrew Vesey
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Wendy Elizabeth Hoy
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Glenda Carolyn Gobe
- NHMRC CKD CRE (CKD.QLD), The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; Kidney Disease Research Collaborative, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane 4102, Australia.
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15
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Ren Y, Wang J, Guo W, Chen J, Wu X, Gu S, Xu L, Wu Z, Wang Y. Renoprotection of Microcystin-RR in Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction-Induced Renal Fibrosis: Targeting the PKM2-HIF-1α Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:830312. [PMID: 35754468 PMCID: PMC9218570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.830312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a pathological characteristic of the endpoint of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which remains a major public health problem. None of the current therapies is effective in stopping kidney fibrosis progression. In light of our novel detection of a potential antifibrosis of microcystins (MCs), we investigate the renoprotection effect of MCs with UUO-induced renal fibrosis. The treatment of MCs was initiated in model animals in advance of UUO operation. After determining that the antifibrotic effect of MCs was independent of its toxicity, our study focused on the renoprotection of microcystin-RR (MC-RR), a lower toxic congener of MCs, in UUO mice and the cell models in vitro. The co-immunoprecipitation assay and recombination plasmid transfection were used in the investigation of the mechanism of antifibrosis of MC-RR. The data show that MC-RR substantially exerts an effect on renoprotection with suppression of the expression of TGF-β1/Smad signaling molecules and a blockage in epithelial dedifferentiation and myofibroblast activation in UUO model animals. MC-RR shows a binding directly to pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), downregulates PKM2-HIF-1α signaling, restores the inhibited expression of MMP-7 and MMP-13, and reduces the upregulated expression of MMP-9 in UUO renal tissues. The current study demonstrates a novel effect of MC-RR on renoprotection in kidney damage, which could be conducted in therapeutics for chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ren
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Cancer Research, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shubo Gu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lizhi Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Center for Public Health Research, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are of fundamental importance for post-transcriptional gene regulation and protein synthesis. They are required for pre-mRNA processing and for RNA transport, degradation and translation into protein, and can regulate every step in the life cycle of their RNA targets. In addition, RBP function can be modulated by RNA binding. RBPs also participate in the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes that build up macromolecular machineries such as the ribosome and spliceosome. Although most research has focused on mRNA-binding proteins, non-coding RNAs are also regulated and sequestered by RBPs. Functional defects and changes in the expression levels of RBPs have been implicated in numerous diseases, including neurological disorders, muscular atrophy and cancers. RBPs also contribute to a wide spectrum of kidney disorders. For example, human antigen R has been reported to have a renoprotective function in acute kidney injury (AKI) but might also contribute to the development of glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), loss of bicaudal C is associated with cystic kidney diseases and Y-box binding protein 1 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AKI, DKD and glomerular disorders. Increasing data suggest that the modulation of RBPs and their interactions with RNA targets could be promising therapeutic strategies for kidney diseases.
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17
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Zhang G, Bai R, Huang J, Gao Y, Yun X, Haji AA. OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1160-1169. [PMID: 35666278 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
- Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rong Bai
- Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianlin Huang
- Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yafeng Gao
- Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yun
- Yanan University Affiliated Hospital, Yanan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Akber Aisa Haji
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry of Arid Zone, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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18
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Deficiency of IKK α in Macrophages Mitigates Fibrosis Progression in the Kidney after Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:5521051. [PMID: 34917688 PMCID: PMC8670970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5521051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims. Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and macrophages play a key role in this process. The aim of this study was to discover the role of IκB kinase α (IKKα) in macrophages in the process of AKI-to-CKD transition. Main Methods. We crossed lyz2-Cre mice with IKKα-floxed mice to generate mice with IKKα ablation in macrophages (Mac IKKα-/-). A mouse renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) model was induced by clamping the renal artery for 45 minutes. Treated mice were evaluated for blood biochemistry, tissue histopathology, and fibrosis markers. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneal cavity for coculturing with tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and flow cytometry analysis. Key Findings. We found that fibrosis and kidney function loss after IRI were significantly alleviated in Mac IKKα-/- mice compared with wild-type (WT) mice. The expression of fibrosis markers and the infiltration of M2 macrophages were decreased in the kidneys of Mac IKKα-/- mice after IRI. The in vitro experiment showed that the IRI TECs cocultured with IKKα-/- macrophages (KO MΦs) downregulated the fibrosis markers accompanied by a downregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Significance. These data support the hypothesis that IKKα is involved in mediating macrophage polarization and increasing the expression of fibrosis-promoting inflammatory factors in macrophages. Therefore, knockdown of IKKα in macrophages may be a potential method that can be used to alleviate the AKI-to-CKD transition after IRI.
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19
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinases (ADAMs) belong to the metzincin family of zinc-containing multidomain molecules, and can act as soluble or membrane-bound proteases. These enzymes inactivate or activate other soluble or membrane-expressed mediator molecules, which enables them to control developmental processes, tissue remodelling, inflammatory responses and proliferative signalling pathways. The dysregulation of MMPs and ADAMs has long been recognized in acute kidney injury and in chronic kidney disease, and genetic targeting of selected MMPs and ADAMs in different mouse models of kidney disease showed that they can have detrimental and protective roles. In particular, MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, ADAM10 and ADAM17 have been shown to have a mainly profibrotic effect and might therefore represent therapeutic targets. Each of these proteases has been associated with a different profibrotic pathway that involves tissue remodelling, Wnt-β-catenin signalling, stem cell factor-c-kit signalling, IL-6 trans-signalling or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling. Broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitors have been used to treat fibrotic kidney diseases experimentally but more targeted approaches have since been developed, including inhibitory antibodies, to avoid the toxic side effects initially observed with broad-spectrum inhibitors. These advances not only provide a solid foundation for additional preclinical studies but also encourage further translation into clinical research.
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20
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Almeida A, Lira R, Oliveira M, Martins M, Azevedo Y, Silva K, Carvalho S, Cortez E, Stumbo AC, Carvalho L, Thole A. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells transplantation ameliorates renal injury through anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects in chronic experimental renovascular disease. Biomed J 2021; 45:629-641. [PMID: 34333108 PMCID: PMC9486239 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive renal fibrosis is an underlying pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD) evolution. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) in the remodeling of fibrotic kidney parenchyma in the two kidneys-one clip (2K1C) CKD animal model. Methods Wistar rats were allocated into three groups: Sham, 2K1C, and 2K1C þ MSC. MSCs (106) were transplanted into the renal subcapsular region two weeks after clipping the left renal artery. Six weeks after clipping, left kidney samples were analyzed using histological and western blotting techniques. ANOVA tests were performed and differences between groups were considered statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results Clipped kidneys of 2K1C rats displayed renal fibrosis, with excessive collagen deposition, glomerulosclerosis and renal basement membrane disruption. Clipped kidneys of 2K1C þ MSC rats showed preserved Bowman's capsule and tubular basement membranes, medullary tubules morphological reconstitution and reduced collagen deposits. Expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were elevated, whereas tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 levels were decreased in clipped kidneys of 2K1C rats. MSCs transplantation restored these expression levels. Moreover, MSCs suppressed macrophages and myofibroblasts accumulation, as well as TNF-a expression in clipped kidneys of 2K1C animals. MSCs transplantation significantly increased IL-10 expression. Conclusions Transplanted MSCs orchestrate anti-fibrotic and anti-inflammatory events, which reverse renal fibrosis and promote renal morphological restoration. This study supports the notion that only one MSCs delivery into the renal subcapsular region represents a possible therapeutic strategy against renal fibrosis for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Almeida
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil.
| | - Rafaelle Lira
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Marcela Martins
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Yanca Azevedo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Karina Silva
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Simone Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Erika Cortez
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Stumbo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Lais Carvalho
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Thole
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Histology and Embryology Department, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20550-170, Brazil
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21
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Lysyl oxidase inhibitors attenuate cyclosporin A-induced nephropathy in mouse. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12437. [PMID: 34127702 PMCID: PMC8203624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91772-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors, such as Cyclosporin (CsA), are the mainstay of anti-rejection therapy in solid organ transplants but can paradoxically induce progressive nephropathy characterised by renal dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis. Lysyl oxidases (LOXs), a group of enzymes that catalyse extracellular matrix (ECM) crosslinking, were shown to implicate in tissue scarring. It is hypothesized that inhibition of these enzymes may render therapeutic effects against CsA-induced nephropathy. In this study, 6-to-8 weeks old C57BL/6 J mice were administered saline or CsA (30 mg/kg/day s.c) for 16 weeks. At 8 weeks, CsA-treated animals were divided into 5 groups respectively treated with: (1) vehicle, (2) PXS-5505 (Pan-LOX inhibitor), (3) PXS-5382 (LOX-like 2 inhibitor), (4) PXS-5505 for 4 weeks then PXS-5382 for 4 weeks (sequential therapy), and (5) Telmisartan (standard therapy). Our results indicate that CsA administration significantly increased the levels of blood urea nitrogen, glomerular and tubular injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in mouse kidney. These changes were associated with upregulated mRNA expression of LOX and LOXL2. Administration of Pan-LOX or LOXL2 inhibitors or the sequential therapy suppressed the expression of ECM proteins (α-SMA, FN and COL1A), matrix metalloproteases (MMP)2 and 9, inflammatory markers (TNFα and MCP-1) and TGF-β1-Smad3 signalling. Among all regimens including telmisartan, only Pan-LOX inhibitor PXS-5505 was able to attenuate uraemia. Collectively, our study suggests that Pan-LOX and LOXL2 inhibition can attenuate progressive nephropathy due to CsA administration.
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Zhang Z, Lin M, Wang J, Yang F, Yang P, Liu Y, Chen Z, Zheng Y. Calycosin inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by suppressing EMT via BATF/TGF-β1. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:16009-16023. [PMID: 34096887 PMCID: PMC8266341 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of calycosin on breast cancer cell progression and their underlying mechanisms. Calycosin dose- and time-dependently inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion by T47D and MCF-7 breast cancer cells by downregulating basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor (BATF) expression. Moreover, BATF promoted breast cancer cell migration and invasiveness by increasing TGFβ1 mRNA and protein levels. Bioinformatics analysis, dual luciferase reporter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the presence of BATF-binding sites in the promoter sequence of TGFβ1 gene. Calycosin treatment inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells by significantly increasing E-cadherin levels and decreasing N-cadherin, Vimentin, CD147, MMP-2, and MMP-9 levels through downregulation of BATF and TGFβ1. TGFβ1 knockdown reduced the migration and invasiveness of BATF-overexpressing breast cancer cells, whereas incubation with TGFβ1 enhanced the migration and invasiveness of calycosin-treated breast cancer cells. Our findings demonstrated that calycosin inhibited EMT and progression of breast cancer cells by suppressing BATF/TGFβ1 signaling. This suggests calycosin would be a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Junli Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Fenglian Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise 533000, Guangxi, China
| | - Peikui Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaqun Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Zikai Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuzhong Zheng
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, Guangdong, China
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Yang H, Chen H, Liu F, Ma Q. Up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinases-9 in the kidneys of diabetic rats and the association with neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. BMC Nephrol 2021; 22:211. [PMID: 34082748 PMCID: PMC8176706 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-021-02396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) can regulate extracellular matrix deposition in diabetic glomerular injury. However, it remains unknown whether MMP-9 is involved in the renal tubular injury. Meanwhile, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), defined as a biomarker of proximal tubular injury, may influence MMP-9 by forming the MMP-9/NGAL complex. The aim of this study was to investigate MMP-9 expression in proximal renal tubules and the relationship of MMP-9 and NGAL in diabetic rat model treated with Valsartan. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Diabetic group, Control group, and Treated group. The diabetic rat model was established by injection of streptozotocin. Related indexes were measured at the end of the 2nd, 4th, 8th and 12th week post-modeling. Results In diabetic groups, the concentrations of MMP-9 markedly increased in the serum and urine of rats in the early stage, even before the appearance of pathological albuminuria. Markedly elevated MMP-9/NGAL complex concentrations were also tested in diabetic groups. Western blot and qPCR tests confirmed that MMP-9 expression levels in the proximal renal tubular epithelial cells of diabetic rats were significantly higher than in control groups (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that MMP-9 was positively correlated with NGAL at both protein and gene expression levels. In addition, Valsartan observably reduced tubular injury as well as MMP-9 expression in diabetic rats. Conclusions In diabetic kidney injury, the expression of MMP-9 in the proximal renal tubular epithelial cells was significantly increased. Besides, a positive correlation was found between MMP-9 and NGAL expression, along with high levels of MMP-9/NGAL complex, which indicated that NGAL might participate in the regulation of MMP-9 expression. The administration of Valsartan may reduce this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayu Yang
- Division of Geriatrics, Medical and Health Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiping Chen
- Division of Geriatrics, Medical and Health Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fenghua Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Ma
- Division of Geriatrics, Medical and Health Care Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95, Yong'an Road, Xicheng District, 100050, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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24
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Wen Y, Yan HR, Wang B, Liu BC. Macrophage Heterogeneity in Kidney Injury and Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:681748. [PMID: 34093584 PMCID: PMC8173188 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.681748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kidney macrophages are central in kidney disease pathogenesis and have therapeutic potential in preventing tissue injury and fibrosis. Recent studies highlighted that kidney macrophages are notably heterogeneous immune cells that fulfill opposing functions such as clearing deposited pathogens, maintaining immune tolerance, initiating and regulating inflammatory responses, promoting kidney fibrosis, and degrading the extracellular matrix. Macrophage origins can partially explain macrophage heterogeneity in the kidneys. Circulating Ly6C+ monocytes are recruited to inflammatory sites by chemokines, while self-renewed kidney resident macrophages contribute to kidney repair and fibrosis. The proliferation of resident macrophages or infiltrating monocytes provides an alternative explanation of macrophage accumulation after kidney injury. In addition, dynamic Ly6C expression on infiltrating monocytes accompanies functional changes in handling kidney inflammation and fibrosis. Mechanisms underlying kidney macrophage heterogeneity, either by recruiting monocyte subpopulations, regulating macrophage polarization, or impacting distinctive macrophage functions, may help develop macrophage-targeted therapies for kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Ru Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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25
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Guo Y, Li G, Gao L, Cheng X, Wang L, Qin Y, Zhang D. Exaggerated renal fibrosis in lncRNA Gas5-deficient mice after unilateral ureteric obstruction. Life Sci 2021; 264:118656. [PMID: 33121989 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Abnormal expression of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) occurs in several diseases including renal fibrosis. Notably, growth arrest-specific 5 (Gas5) is a lncRNA, which functions as an essential modulator of cell proliferation and growth. However, the role and expression of lncRNA Gas5 associated with renal fibrosis remains controversial. Herein, we investigate the effect of lncRNA Gas5 deficiency in renal fibrosis induced by the operation of unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) in mice. MAIN METHODS Sera and urine of mice were used to detect markers of renal function. Further, Masson and immunohistochemical staining, western blotting as well as qRT-PCR were performed to observe the distribution and expression of fibrosis marker in the kidney tissue of the mice. KEY FINDINGS Unlike the wild type mice, the obstructed kidney in Gas5+/- mice showed more severe renal fibrosis and collagen deposition. In the UUO-Gas5+/- group, the serum levels of uric acid, serum creatinine, and the urine levels of albumin-to-creatinine ratio were higher. Moreover, the expression of mRNA and protein of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), vimentin, collagen IV, fibronectin, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were higher, whereas that of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were lower with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE lncRNA Gas5 was up-regulated in renal fibrosis tissues, and its deficiency exacerbated renal fibrosis in the UUO mice model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqian Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guoxing Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Laboratory Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyou Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhong Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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26
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Bi C, Han XL, Li XZ, Sun JY, Liu Y, Duan SZ, Lu HX. Periodontitis aggravates renal inflammatory response in a mouse model of renal fibrosis. Oral Dis 2020; 28:521-528. [PMID: 33382150 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of periodontitis on renal interstitial fibrosis in a mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty C57BL/6 male mice were divided into control, periodontitis (PD), unilateral ureteral ligation (UUO) and PD+UUO groups. Unilateral ureteral ligation was performed 6 days after periodontitis. After 2 weeks, all mice were sacrificed, and samples were collected for the assessment of gene expression, immune cells, biochemical indicators and renal pathology. RESULTS Expression of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and Ly6G in the kidneys in the PD+UUO group was significantly greater than in the UUO group. The percentage of CD11b+ Ly6G+ cells was significantly higher in the PD+UUO than in the UUO group. Fibrotic areas in the kidneys in the PD+UUO group were slightly, but not significantly, greater than those in the UUO group. Kidneys from the PD+UUO group showed markedly higher gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9, but not α-smooth muscle actin or collagen I, than those in the UUO group. There were no significant differences in blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and uric acid between the PD+UUO and UUO groups. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis increases the renal inflammatory response without showing a significant influence on renal interstitial fibrosis or renal function in the UUO mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Bi
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Han
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Zhu Li
- Division of Nephrology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yong Sun
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology &, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology &, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology &, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Xia Lu
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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27
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Gu L, Hong F, Fan K, Zhao L, Zhang C, Yu B, Chai C. Integrated Network Pharmacology Analysis and Pharmacological Evaluation to Explore the Active Components and Mechanism of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. on Renal Fibrosis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4053-4067. [PMID: 33061308 PMCID: PMC7535141 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s264898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Renal fibrosis is a common pathological outcome of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) that is considered as a global public health issue with high morbidity and mortality. The dry corolla of Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik. (AMC) has been used for chronic nephritis in clinic and showed a superior effect in alleviating proteinuria in CKD patients to losartan. However, the effective components and underlying mechanism of AMC in the treatment of renal fibrosis have not been systematically clarified. Methods Based on drug-likeness evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction and compound contents, a systematic network pharmacology analysis was conducted to predict the active ingredients. Gene Ontology, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis and protein–protein interaction analysis were applied to predict the potential pathway and target of AMC against renal fibrosis. The formula of component contribution index (CI) based on the algorithm was used to screen the principal active compounds of AMC in the treatment of renal fibrosis. Finally, pharmacological evaluation was conducted to validate the protective effect and primary predicted mechanism of AMC in the treatment of renal fibrosis on a 5/6 nephrectomy mice model. Results Fourteen potential active components of AMC possessing favorable pharmacokinetic profiles and biological activities were selected and hit by 17 targets closely related to renal fibrosis. Quercetin, caffeic acid, 9.12-octadecadienoic acid, and myricetin are recognized as the more highly predictive components as their cumulative contribution rate reached 85.86%. The AMC administration on 5/6 nephrectomy mice showed a protective effect on kidney function and renal fibrosis. The hub genes analysis revealed that AMC plays a major role in inhibiting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition during renal fibrosis. Conclusion Our results predicted active components and potential targets of AMC for the application to renal fibrosis from a holistic perspective, as well as provided valuable direction for further research of AMC and improved comprehension of renal fibrosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Fan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunlei Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Boyang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China.,Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengzhi Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, People's Republic of China
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Yu XA, Hu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang R, Bai X, Gu L, Gao H, Li R, Tian J, Yu BY. Integrating the Polydopamine Nanosphere/Aptamers Nanoplatform with a DNase-I-Assisted Recycling Amplification Strategy for Simultaneous Detection of MMP-9 and MMP-2 during Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. ACS Sens 2020; 5:1119-1125. [PMID: 32192327 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) play important roles in the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). There is an increasing demand to construct a novel method for the simultaneous detection of MMP-9 and MMP-2 to monitor the progression of RIF. Herein, a strategy based on the nanoplatform composed of the polydopamine nanosphere and fluorescence-labeled aptamers is developed to simultaneously detect MMP-9 and MMP-2 with DNase-I-assisted recycling signal amplification. In the light of tracing the recovered fluorescence intensity at 520 and 610 nm upon adding MMP-9 and MMP-2, the increased fluorescence intensity is linear to the different concentrations of MMP-9 and MMP-2 with the detection limits of 9.6 and 25.6 pg/mL for MMP-9 and MMP-2, respectively. More intriguingly, the results of unilateral ureteral obstruction mice show that the concentration of MMP-9 in urine is increased with the extension of ligation time while the concentration of MMP-2 is reversed, indicating that the ratio of MMP-9 to MMP-2 could be considered as the potential urinary biomarker to evaluate the progress of RIF and the therapeutic effect of Huangkui capsule on RIF. Therefore, this study provides a paradigmatic strategy for the simultaneous detection of the dual markers of RIF, which is promising for the auxiliary clinical diagnosis and assessment of the prognosis of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie-an Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Yiting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Xuefei Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Lifei Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Renshi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Jiangwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, P. R. China
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a devastating condition that is reaching epidemic levels owing to the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and obesity, as well as ageing of the population. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, CKD is slowly progressive and leads to irreversible nephron loss, end-stage renal disease and/or premature death. Factors that contribute to CKD progression include parenchymal cell loss, chronic inflammation, fibrosis and reduced regenerative capacity of the kidney. Current therapies have limited effectiveness and only delay disease progression, underscoring the need to develop novel therapeutic approaches to either stop or reverse progression. Preclinical studies have identified several approaches that reduce fibrosis in experimental models, including targeting cytokines, transcription factors, developmental and signalling pathways and epigenetic modulators, particularly microRNAs. Some of these nephroprotective strategies are now being tested in clinical trials. Lessons learned from the failure of clinical studies of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) blockade underscore the need for alternative approaches to CKD therapy, as strategies that target a single pathogenic process may result in unexpected negative effects on simultaneously occurring processes. Additional promising avenues include preventing tubular cell injury and anti-fibrotic therapies that target activated myofibroblasts, the main collagen-producing cells.
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30
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Matrix Metalloproteinases in Diabetic Kidney Disease. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020472. [PMID: 32046355 PMCID: PMC7073625 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Around the world diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the main cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, and interstitial fibrosis. The hallmark of the pathogenesis of DKD is an increased extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation causing thickening of the glomerular and tubular basement membranes, mesangial expansion, sclerosis, and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) family are composed of zinc-dependent enzymes involved in the degradation and hydrolysis of ECM components. Several MMPs are expressed in the kidney; nephron compartments, vasculature and connective tissue. Given their important role in DKD, several studies have been performed in patients with DKD proposing that the measurement of their activity in serum or in urine may become in the future markers of early DKD. Studies from diabetic nephropathy experimental models suggest that a balance between MMPs levels and their inhibitors is needed to maintain renal homeostasis. This review focuses in the importance of the MMPs within the kidney and their modifications at the circulation, kidney and urine in patients with DKD. We also cover the most important studies performed in experimental models of diabetes in terms of MMPs levels, renal expression and its down-regulation effect.
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31
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Shen YL, Jiang YP, Li XQ, Wang SJ, Ma MH, Zhang CY, Zhu JY, Rahman K, Zhang LJ, Luan X, Zhang H. ErHuang Formula Improves Renal Fibrosis in Diabetic Nephropathy Rats by Inhibiting CXCL6/JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1596. [PMID: 32038260 PMCID: PMC6993046 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the main causes of renal fibrosis and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) therapy has a long history of usage in a clinical setting and its usage is increasing. ErHuang Formula (EHF), a Chinese herbal compound, has been clinically used in treating DN for more than 30 years. However, its mechanism of action is still unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of EHF on renal fibrosis in a DN rat model and explore its underlying mechanism. The DN rat model was established by high-sugar-fat diet combined with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and EFH extract (4, 2, 1 g/kg d−1) was administered orally for 8 weeks. The biochemical parameters (blood glucose, weight, Scr, BUN, UA, U-Alb and UAE) were analyzed. The pathological changes in renal tissue were observed by histological staining with H&E and Masson. The effect of EHF on the proliferation of NRK-49F cells was examined by CCK-8 assay and the levels of several inflammation and fibrosis related cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β1, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9) in serum and NRK-49F cell culture supernatants were detected by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The mRNA levels of CXCL6, CXCR1, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9 in renal tissue were also measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, the protein expression of PCNA, Collagen I/III, MMP2/9, CXCL6, CXCR1, p-STAT3, STAT3 in renal tissue and NRK-49F cells were determined by western blot. EHF improved the abnormal biochemical parameters and ameliorated the abnormal histology and fibrosis of renal tissue in a dose-dependent manner. EHF inhibited NRK-49F proliferation and decreased the expressions of inflammation and fibrosis related factors both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, the levels of Collagen I/III, PCNA, MMP2/9 and p-STAT3 were positively correlated with CXCL6. The amelioration of renal fibrosis in DN by EHF is related to CXCL6/JAK/STAT3 signal pathway, which is associated with inflammation and fibrosis of the tissue. These findings may have clinical implications for the treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Shen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Ping Jiang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Su-Juan Wang
- Department of Drug Preparation, Hospital of TCM and Hui Nationality Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Wuzhong, China
| | - Ming-Hua Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian-Yong Zhu
- Central Laboratory, Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Luan
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Caselli E, Soffritti I, D’Accolti M, Bortolotti D, Rizzo R, Sighinolfi G, Giuggioli D, Ferri C. HHV-6A Infection and Systemic Sclerosis: Clues of a Possible Association. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010039. [PMID: 31878218 PMCID: PMC7022325 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy, excessive extracellular matrix deposition, and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Several infectious agents, including human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6), have been suggested as possible triggering factors, but a direct association is still missing. We characterized 26 SSc patients for the presence of HHV-6 in tissues and blood, the anti-HHV-6 response, HLA-G plasma levels, and KIR typing. Given the prominent role of endothelial cells (EC) in SSc pathogenesis, along with HHV-6 tropism for EC, we also investigated the expression of pro-fibrosis factors in HHV-6 infected EC. Results showed the presence of HHV-6A in skin biopsies, and an increased virus load was associated with disease severity and poor natural killer (NK) response against the virus, particularly in subjects exhibiting a KIR2 phenotype. HLA-G plasma levels were significantly higher in HHV-6A/B-KIR2 positive SSc patients and in vitro HHV-6A infection-induced pro-fibrosis factors expression in EC, supporting its role in the development of the fibrosing process. Our data suggest an association between virus infection/reactivation and disease, opening the way to future studies to understand the mechanisms by which HHV-6A might contribute to the multifactorial pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Caselli
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455387
| | - Irene Soffritti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria D’Accolti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Daria Bortolotti
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rizzo
- Section of Microbiology and Medical Genetics, Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sighinolfi
- Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Dilia Giuggioli
- Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Clodoveo Ferri
- Rheumatology Unit, Medical School, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, University-Hospital Policlinico of Modena, 41121 Modena, Italy
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Wang H, Gao M, Li J, Sun J, Wu R, Han D, Tan J, Wang J, Wang B, Zhang L, Dong Y. MMP-9-positive neutrophils are essential for establishing profibrotic microenvironment in the obstructed kidney of UUO mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 227:e13317. [PMID: 31132220 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIM Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) plays a profibrotic role in renal fibrosis. Neutrophils produce MMP9 in many pathologic models. However, the effect of neutrophil on the progression of renal fibrosis and the relationship of MMP9 to the infiltration of neutrophils into the kidney remain unknown. METHODS The surgery of unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO) was performed in male C57BL/6 mice. Kidneys were collected for analyses on days 0, 1, 3, 5 or 7 following surgery. The inflammatory cells were analysed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein levels of renal fibrosis factor and inflammatory factor were measured by qRT-PCR, immumofluorescence and western blot analysis. RESULTS In a mouse kidney model of UUO, neutrophil infiltration significantly increased and neutrophil accumulation reached the highest level at 5 days after the injury. In the obstructed kidney, depleting neutrophils decreased the expression of inflammatory factors, inhibited the accumulation of macrophages including type 2 macrophages and suppressed renal fibrosis. Almost all neutrophils produced MMP9 at the early stage of kidney obstruction. MMP9 attracted neutrophils and inflammatory cells because inhibiting MMP9 suppressed the infiltration of neutrophils and other inflammatory cells and reduced renal fibrosis, regardless of using MMP9 neutralizing antibody or MMP9 inhibitor or different intervening periods of days (0-6, 0-3 or 3-6 were applied after kidney obstruction). CONCLUSION MMP9 promotes neutrophil infiltration by increasing the inflammatory level, macrophage accumulation and renal fibrosis in the obstructed kidney. Inhibiting MMP9 or depleting neutrophils in the early stage of acute kidney injury can relieve the progression of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu China
| | - Min Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jiangbo Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary department Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture Beijing China
| | - Ran Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Deping Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Jianmei Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Nephrology Shanghai General Hosptial, Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Nephrology Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Liping Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Shanxi Agricultural University Taigu China
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine Baylor College of Medicine Houston Texas
| | - Yanjun Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine China Agricultural University Beijing China
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Ren J, Zhang J, Rudemiller NP, Griffiths R, Wen Y, Lu X, Privratsky JR, Gunn MD, Crowley SD. Twist1 in Infiltrating Macrophages Attenuates Kidney Fibrosis via Matrix Metallopeptidase 13-Mediated Matrix Degradation. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1674-1685. [PMID: 31315922 PMCID: PMC6727252 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following an acute insult, macrophages regulate renal fibrogenesis through the release of various factors that either encourage the synthesis of extracellular matrix synthesis or the degradation of matrix via endocytosis, proteolysis, or both. However, the roles of infiltrating versus resident myeloid cells in these opposing processes require elucidation. The transcription factor Twist1 controls diverse essential cellular functions through induction of several downstream targets, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In macrophages, Twist1 can influence patterns of cytokine generation, but the role of macrophage Twist1 in renal fibrogenesis remains undefined. METHODS To study Twist1 functions in different macrophage subsets during kidney scar formation, we used two conditional mutant mouse models in which Twist1 was selectively ablated either in infiltrating, inflammatory macrophages or in resident tissue macrophages. We assessed fibrosis-related parameters, matrix metallopeptidase 13 (MMP13, or collagen 3, which catalyzes collagen degradation), inflammatory cytokines, and other factors in these Twist1-deficient mice compared with wild-type controls after subjecting the animals to unilateral ureteral obstruction. We also treated wild-type and Twist1-deficient mice with an MMP13 inhibitor after unilateral ureteral obstruction. RESULTS Twist1 in infiltrating inflammatory macrophages but not in resident macrophages limited kidney fibrosis after ureteral obstruction by driving extracellular matrix degradation. Moreover, deletion of Twist1 in infiltrating macrophages attenuated the expression of MMP13 in CD11b+Ly6Clo myeloid cells. Inhibition of MMP13 abrogated the protection from renal fibrosis afforded by macrophage Twist1. CONCLUSIONS Twist1 in infiltrating myeloid cells mitigates interstitial matrix accumulation in the injured kidney by promoting MMP13 production, which drives extracellular matrix degradation. These data highlight the complex cell-specific actions of Twist1 in the pathogenesis of kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | | | | | | | - Yi Wen
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Divisions of Nephrology and
- Departments of Medicine and
| | - Jamie R Privratsky
- Anesthesiology, Durham VA and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
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Chen L, Cao G, Wang M, Feng YL, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Zhuang S, Zhao YY. The Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Inhibitor Poricoic Acid ZI Ameliorates Renal Fibrosis by Mitigating Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1900132. [PMID: 30925007 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Fibrosis plays a key role in the progression of various diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important for epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to organ fibrosis. Four new poricoic acids are identified, poricoic acid ZI, ZJ, ZK, and ZL, as novel MMP inhibitors from edible mushroom Poria cocos. METHODS Molecular docking, siRNA techniques, TGF-β1-treated renal cells, and unilateral ureteral obstructed (UUO) mice are used to explore the potential efficacy of the novel MMP inhibitors in mitigating the fibrotic process. RESULTS Treatment with four poricoic acids downregulates profibrotic protein expression in TGF-β1-induced HK-2 cells. Similar results are observed in NRK-52E and NRK-49F cells, indicating that poricoic acids can suppress EMT. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that poricoic acid ZI (PZI) exerts a stronger inhibitory effect on protein expression and enzymatic activity of MMP-13 than the other three compounds, which is consistent with the docking results. The inhibitory effect of PZI on MMP-13 is partially attenuated by MMP-13 RNAi in HK-2 cells and UUO mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that as a specific MMP-13 inhibitor, PZI attenuates EMT and renal fibrosis. Therefore, the MMP-13 inhibitor PZI can be a novel therapeutic candidate for limiting EMT and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, China
| | - Ming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92897, USA
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710069, China
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Dos Santos-Macedo F, Martins Gregorio B, Cardozo Paes-de-Almeida E, de Souza Mendonça L, de Souza Azevedo R, Fernandes-Santos C. Kidney osteoclast factors and matrix metalloproteinase expression in a mice model of diet-induced obesity and diabetes. Pathol Res Pract 2019; 215:152517. [PMID: 31262577 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of RANKL/RANK/OPG system on bone remodeling is well known, and there is evidence that it is also important to cardiovascular and kidney pathology, although the underlying mechanisms are not elucidated so far. Thus, we investigated in a mice model of diet-induced obesity and diabetes if renal histopathological changes are associated with the expression of RANKL/RANK/OPG system and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Three months old C57BL/6 mice were fed with control (C) AIN93 M diet or high-fat high sucrose (HFHS) diets for 21 weeks (CEUA/UFF #647/15). The two groups presented weight gain, but it was higher in the HFHS group compared to the C group (+35%, P = 0.0001). The HFHS group also had increased epididymal, inguinal and retroperitoneal fat pad weight (+121%, P = 0.0006; +287%, P = 0.0007 and; +286%, P < 0.0001, respectively), and hyperglycemia (+43%, P = 0.02). The kidney of some HFHS fed mice displayed mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrate (40%), perivascular fibrosis (20%), and focal tubule mineralization (20%). Glomeruli hypertrophy was not detected. Unexpectedly, OPG, RANK, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression was not altered in HFHS groups (Western blot analysis). In conclusion, the expression of RANKL/RANK/OPG system proteins and MMPs was not influenced by diet-induced obesity and diabetes in the kidney of male C57BL/6 mice, although some adverse histopathological remodeling is noticed in the renal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Dos Santos-Macedo
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Elan Cardozo Paes-de-Almeida
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo de Souza Mendonça
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Rebeca de Souza Azevedo
- Laboratório de Patologia Oral, Departamento de Formação Específica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Fernandes-Santos
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Pesquisa Biomédica, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Saúde de Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brazil.
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Theocharis AD, Manou D, Karamanos NK. The extracellular matrix as a multitasking player in disease. FEBS J 2019; 286:2830-2869. [PMID: 30908868 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrices (ECMs) are highly specialized and dynamic three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds into which cells reside in tissues. ECM is composed of a variety of fibrillar components, such as collagens, fibronectin, and elastin, and non-fibrillar molecules as proteoglycans, hyaluronan, and glycoproteins including matricellular proteins. These macromolecular components are interconnected forming complex networks that actively communicate with cells through binding to cell surface receptors and/or matrix effectors. ECMs exert diverse roles, either providing tissues with structural integrity and mechanical properties essential for tissue functions or regulating cell phenotype and functions to maintain tissue homeostasis. ECM molecular composition and structure vary among tissues, and is markedly modified during normal tissue repair as well as during the progression of various diseases. Actually, abnormal ECM remodeling occurring in pathologic circumstances drives disease progression by regulating cell-matrix interactions. The importance of matrix molecules to normal tissue functions is also highlighted by mutations in matrix genes that give rise to genetic disorders with diverse clinical phenotypes. In this review, we present critical and emerging issues related to matrix assembly in tissues and the multitasking roles for ECM in diseases such as osteoarthritis, fibrosis, cancer, and genetic diseases. The mechanisms underlying the various matrix-based diseases are also discussed. Research focused on the highly dynamic 3D ECM networks will help to discover matrix-related causative abnormalities of diseases as well as novel diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilleas D Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitra Manou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Greece
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Zhuang Q, Ma R, Yin Y, Lan T, Yu M, Ming Y. Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Renal Fibrosis: The Flame of Cytotherapy. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8387350. [PMID: 30766607 PMCID: PMC6350586 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8387350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, as the fundamental pathological process of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is a pathologic extension of the normal wound healing process characterized by endothelium injury, myofibroblast activation, macrophage migration, inflammatory signaling stimulation, matrix deposition, and remodelling. Yet, the current method of treating renal fibrosis is fairly limited, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, angiotensin receptor blockade, optimal blood pressure control, and sodium bicarbonate for metabolic acidosis. MSCs are pluripotent adult stem cells that can differentiate into various types of tissue lineages, such as the cartilage (chondrocytes), bone (osteoblasts), fat (adipocytes), and muscle (myocytes). Because of their many advantages like ubiquitous sources, convenient procurement and collection, low immunogenicity, and low adverse effects, with their special identification markers, mesenchymal stem MSC-based therapy is getting more and more attention. Based on the mechanism of renal fibrosis, MSCs mostly participate throughout the renal fibrotic process. According to the latest and overall literature reviews, we aim to elucidate the antifibrotic mechanisms and effects of diverse sources of MSCs on renal fibrosis, assess their efficacy and safety in preliminarily clinical application, answer the controversial questions, and provide novel ideas into the MSC cellular therapy of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Ruoyu Ma
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yanshuang Yin
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Tianhao Lan
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Meng Yu
- Transplantation Center of The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- Transplantation Center of The 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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Toba H, Lindsey ML. Extracellular matrix roles in cardiorenal fibrosis: Potential therapeutic targets for CVD and CKD in the elderly. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 193:99-120. [PMID: 30149103 PMCID: PMC6309764 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are age-related risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), aging alone is an independent risk factor. With advancing age, the heart and kidney gradually but significantly undergo inflammation and subsequent fibrosis, which eventually results in an irreversible decline in organ physiology. Through cardiorenal network interactions, cardiac dysfunction leads to and responds to renal injury, and both facilitate aging effects. Thus, a comprehensive strategy is needed to evaluate the cardiorenal aging network. Common hallmarks shared across systems include extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, along with upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-9. The wide range of MMP-9 substrates, including ECM components and inflammatory cytokines, implicates MMP-9 in a variety of pathological and age-related processes. In particular, there is strong evidence that inflammatory cell-derived MMP-9 exacerbates cardiorenal aging. This review explores the potential therapeutic targets against CVD and CKD in the elderly, focusing on ECM and MMP roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroe Toba
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Pathological Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Merry L Lindsey
- Mississippi Center for Heart Research, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, and Research Service, G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA.
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40
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Contribution of STAT3 to Inflammatory and Fibrotic Diseases and Prospects for its Targeting for Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19082299. [PMID: 30081609 PMCID: PMC6121470 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 plays a central role in the host response to injury. It is activated rapidly within cells by many cytokines, most notably those in the IL-6 family, leading to pro-proliferative and pro-survival programs that assist the host in regaining homeostasis. With persistent activation, however, chronic inflammation and fibrosis ensue, leading to a number of debilitating diseases. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the role of STAT3 and its targeting in diseases marked by chronic inflammation and/or fibrosis with a focus on those with the largest unmet medical need.
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Nakagawa T, Kakizoe Y, Iwata Y, Miyasato Y, Mizumoto T, Adachi M, Izumi Y, Kuwabara T, Suenaga N, Narita Y, Jono H, Saito H, Kitamura K, Mukoyama M. Doxycycline attenuates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through pleiotropic effects. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F1347-F1357. [PMID: 30043627 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00648.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CDDP) is a widely-used chemotherapeutic drug for solid tumors, but its nephrotoxicity is a major dose-limiting factor. Doxycycline (Dox) is a tetracycline antibiotic that has been commonly used in a variety of infections. Dox has been shown to possess several other properties, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-inhibiting actions. We, therefore, investigated whether Dox exerts renoprotective effects in CDDP-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Twelve-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following groups: 1) control, 2) Dox (2 mg/ml in drinking water), 3) CDDP (25 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally), and 4) CDDP+Dox. After seven days of pretreatment with Dox, CDDP was administered and the animals were killed at day 1 or day 3. We evaluated renal function along with renal histological damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. MMP and serine protease activities in the kidney tissues were assessed using zymography. Administration of CDDP exhibited renal dysfunction and caused histological damage predominantly in the proximal tubules. Dox did not affect either expression of CDDP transporters or the accumulation of CDDP in renal tissues; however, it significantly ameliorated renal dysfunction and histological changes together with reduced detrimental responses, such as oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidneys. Furthermore, Dox inhibited the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as serine proteases in the kidney tissues. Finally, Dox markedly mitigated apoptosis in renal tubules. Thus, Dox ameliorated CDDP-induced AKI through its pleiotropic effects. Our results suggest that Dox may become a novel strategy for the prevention of CDDP-induced AKI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terumasa Nakagawa
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yutaka Kakizoe
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yasunobu Iwata
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Miyasato
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Teruhiko Mizumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Masataka Adachi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yuichiro Izumi
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Takashige Kuwabara
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Naoki Suenaga
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Yuki Narita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Kumamoto University , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan.,Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kitamura
- Faculty of Medicine, Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Yamanashi , Yamanashi , Japan
| | - Masashi Mukoyama
- Department of Nephrology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences , Kumamoto , Japan
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Gong L, Jiang L, Qin Y, Jiang X, Song K, Yu X. Protective effect of retinoic acid receptor α on hypoxia-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition of renal tubular epithelial cells associated with TGF-β/MMP-9 pathway. Cell Biol Int 2018; 42:1050-1059. [PMID: 29719094 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor α (RARα), a member of family of the nuclear retinoic acid receptors (RARs), plays an essential role in various chronic kidney diseases (CKD). Renal tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a common mechanism of progression of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF). Hypoxia has been extensively considered as one of major inducers of renal tubular EMT. However, the effects of RARα on hypoxia-induced EMT have not yet been described so far. The aim of the present study was to explore the roles and potential mechanisms of RARα in hypoxia-induced EMT of renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Our results showed that expression of RARα in RTECs subjected to hypoxia significantly was reduced, accompanied by decreased expression level of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, and increased expression levels of the mesenchymal markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin, in accord with EMT. Meanwhile, hypoxia could cause RTECs to obviously express TGF-β and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Furthermore, using lentivirus-based delivery vectors to overexpress RARα in RTECs, we demonstrated that RARα alleviated hypoxia-induced EMT of RTECs and downregulated the expression levels of TGF-β and MMP-9. In a word, RARα protects RTECs against EMT induced by hypoxia associated with TGF-β/MMP-9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Yuanhan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xingbo Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Kunling Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xueyun Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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43
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Afratis NA, Klepfish M, Karamanos NK, Sagi I. The apparent competitive action of ECM proteases and cross-linking enzymes during fibrosis: Applications to drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 129:4-15. [PMID: 29627371 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Progressive loss of organ function in most organs is associated with fibrosis, a tissue state associated with abnormal matrix buildup. If highly progressive, the fibrotic process eventually leads to organ failure and death. Fibrosis is a basic connective tissue lesion defined by the increase in the amount of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) components in a tissue or organ. In addition, intrinsic changes in important structural cells can induce the fibrotic response by regulating the differentiation, recruitment, proliferation and activation of extracellular matrix-producing myofibroblasts. ECM enzymes belonging to the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidases (LOXs) play a crucial role in ECM remodeling and regeneration. MMPs have a catalytic role in degradation of ECM, whereas LOX/LOXLs mediate ECM, especially collagen, cross-linking and stiffening. Importantly, enzymes from both families are elevated during the fibrotic response to tissue injury and its resolution. Yet, the apparent molecular competition or antagonistic activities of these enzyme families during the various stages of fibrosis is often overlooked. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of MMPs and LOX/LOXL2 in chronic organ fibrosis. Finally, we review contemporary therapeutic strategies for fibrosis treatment, based on neutralization of MMP and LOX activity, as well as the development of novel drug delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Mordehay Klepfish
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nikos K Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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44
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Chen MH, Wang MX, Enhesuren M, Chun BC, Jin BW, Mengqiqige B. MicroRNA Microarray Analysis to Investigate the Key Genes and microRNAs Regulated by Amomum cardamomum in Nephropathy Rat Model. INT J PHARMACOL 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2018.310.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Afratis NA, Selman M, Pardo A, Sagi I. Emerging insights into the role of matrix metalloproteases as therapeutic targets in fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:167-179. [PMID: 29428229 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is the extensive accumulation and buildup of extracellular matrix components, especially fibrillar collagens, during wound healing in response to tissue injury. During all individual stages of fibrosis ECM proteases, mainly matrix metalloproteinases, have diverse roles. The functional role of MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors are differentiated among their family members, and according to the different stages of fibrosis. MMPs levels are elevated in several inflammatory and non-inflammatory fibrotic tissues contributing to the development, progression or resolution of the disease, whereas in other tissues their expression levels can be diminished or be stable to the baseline. The biological roles of MMPs during fibrosis are not fully resolved, but they seem to differ according the specific member of the family, the affected tissue and the stage of the fibrotic response. Remarkably, some members of the family exhibit profibrotic actions while other function as antifibrotic molecules. Diverse animal models indicate that MMPs are contributing in processes related to immunity, tissue repair and ECM turnover, providing significant impact on mechanisms related to fibrosis. For that purpose, these proteases are considered as pharmacological targets and new biological drugs have been developed in order to treat fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A Afratis
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Moises Selman
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, CDMX 14080, Mexico
| | - Annie Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Irit Sagi
- Department of Biological Regulation, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
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46
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Zhao Y, Qiao X, Tan TK, Zhao H, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Wang L, Cao Q, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang YM, Lee VWS, Alexander SI, Harris DCH, Zheng G. Matrix metalloproteinase 9-dependent Notch signaling contributes to kidney fibrosis through peritubular endothelial-mesenchymal transition. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 32:781-791. [PMID: 27566305 PMCID: PMC5427520 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfw308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial cells are known to contribute to kidney fibrosis via endothelial–mesenchymal transition (EndoMT). Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is known to be profibrotic. However, whether MMP-9 contributes to kidney fibrosis via EndoMT is unknown. Methods: Primary mouse renal peritubular endothelial cells (MRPECs) were isolated and treated by recombinant human transforming growth factor beta 1 (rhTGF-β1) with or without MMP-9 inhibitor or by recombinant human MMP-9 (rhMMP-9) alone. Kidney fibrosis was induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in MMP-9 knockout (KO) and wide-type (WT) control mice. The effects of MMP-9 on EndoMT of MRPECs and kidney fibrosis were examined. Results: We showed that MRPECs underwent EndoMT after rhTGF-β1 treatment or in UUO kidney as evidenced by decreased expression of endothelial markers, vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) and CD31, and increased levels of mesenchymal markers, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin. The expression of fibrosis markers was also up-regulated significantly after rhTGF-β1 treatment in MRPECs. The EndoMT and fibrosis markers were significantly less in rhTGF-β1-treated MMP-9 KO MRPECs, whereas MMP-9 alone was sufficient to induce EndoMT in MRPECs. UUO kidney of MMP-9 KO mice showed significantly less interstitial fibrosis and EndoMT in MRPECs. Notch signaling shown by Notch intracellular domain (NICD) was increased, while Notch-1 was decreased in rhTGF-β1-treated MRPECs of MMP-9 WT but not MMP-9 KO mice. Inhibition of MMP-9 or Notch signaling prevented rhTGF-β1- or rhMMP-9-induced α-SMA and NICD upregulation in MRPECs. UUO kidney of MMP-9 KO mice had less staining of Notch signaling transcription factor Hey-1 in VE-cadherin-positive MRPECs than WT controls. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that MMP-9-dependent Notch signaling plays an important role in kidney fibrosis through EndoMT of MRPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qiao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Thian Kui Tan
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hong Zhao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Experimental Centre of Science and Research, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Experimental Centre of Science and Research, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Zhang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Kidney Disease Institute, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Cao
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yiping Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuan Min Wang
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vincent W S Lee
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen I Alexander
- Centre for Kidney Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David C H Harris
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Guoping Zheng
- Centre for Transplant and Renal Research, The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
Fibrosis is the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix that often occurs as a wound healing response to repeated or chronic tissue injury, and may lead to the disruption of organ architecture and loss of function. Although fibrosis was previously thought to be irreversible, recent evidence indicates that certain circumstances permit the resolution of fibrosis when the underlying causes of injury are eradicated. The mechanism of fibrosis resolution encompasses degradation of the fibrotic extracellular matrix as well as elimination of fibrogenic myofibroblasts through their adaptation of various cell fates, including apoptosis, senescence, dedifferentiation, and reprogramming. In this Review, we discuss the present knowledge and gaps in our understanding of how matrix degradation is regulated and how myofibroblast cell fates can be manipulated, areas that may identify potential therapeutic approaches for fibrosis.
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48
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Brennan EP, Cacace A, Godson C. Specialized pro-resolving mediators in renal fibrosis. Mol Aspects Med 2017; 58:102-113. [PMID: 28479307 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and its timely resolution play a critical role in effective host defence and wound healing. Unresolved inflammatory responses underlie the pathology of many prevalent diseases resulting in tissue fibrosis and eventual organ failure as typified by kidney, lung and liver fibrosis. The role of autocrine and paracrine mediators including cytokines, prostaglandins and leukotrienes in initiating and sustaining inflammation is well established. More recently a physiological role for specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators [SPMs] in modulating inflammatory responses and promoting the resolution of inflammation has been appreciated. As will be discussed in this review, SPMs not only attenuate the development of fibrosis through promoting the resolution of inflammation but may also directly suppress fibrotic responses. These findings suggest novel therapeutic paradigms to treat intractable life-limiting diseases such as renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin P Brennan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Antonino Cacace
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute & UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Parrish AR. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Kidney Disease: Role in Pathogenesis and Potential as a Therapeutic Target. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2017; 148:31-65. [PMID: 28662825 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are large family of proteinases. In addition to a fundamental role in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix, they also cleave a number of cell surface proteins and are involved in multiple cellular processes. MMP activity is regulated via numerous mechanisms, including inhibition by endogenous tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Similar to MMPs, a role for TIMPs has been established in multiple cell signaling pathways. Aberrant expression of MMPs and TIMPS in renal pathophysiology has long been recognized, and with the generation of specific knockout mice, the mechanistic role of several MMPs and TIMPs is becoming more understood and has revealed both pathogenic and protective roles. This chapter will focus on the expression and localization of MMPs and TIMPs in the kidney, as well as summarizing the current information linking these proteins to acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. In addition, we will summarize studies suggesting that MMPs and TIMPs may be biomarkers of renal dysfunction and represent novel therapeutic targets to attenuate kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan R Parrish
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States.
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50
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Alpha-lipoic acid ameliorates the epithelial mesenchymal transition induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46065. [PMID: 28378840 PMCID: PMC5380949 DOI: 10.1038/srep46065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of mechanisms that induce renal interstitial fibrosis. Understanding EMT in renal fibrosis has important therapeutic implications for patients with kidney disease. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) is a natural compound with antioxidant properties. Studies for ALA are performed in acute kidney injury with renal tubular apoptosis, renal inflammation, and oxidative stress. We investigated the effects of ALA on EMT-mediated renal interstitial fibrosis in mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). UUO mice developed severe tubular atrophy and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, with a robust EMT response and ECM deposition after 7 postoperative days. In contrast, ALA-treated UUO mice showed only moderate injury and minimal fibrosis and also larger reductions in the expression of ECM proteins, inflammatory factors, and EMT markers. ALA was shown to be involved in the suppression of infiltrating macrophages associated with EMT and the progression of interstitial fibrosis. It also lessened the destruction of the tubular basement membrane, by reducing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases. This is the first study to show that ALA modulates EMT in a UUO mouse model. Our results suggest that ALA merits further exploration as a therapeutic agent in the prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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