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Scepanovic G, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Should I shrink or should I grow: cell size changes in tissue morphogenesis. Genome 2024; 67:125-138. [PMID: 38198661 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cells change shape, move, divide, and die to sculpt tissues. Common to all these cell behaviours are cell size changes, which have recently emerged as key contributors to tissue morphogenesis. Cells can change their mass-the number of macromolecules they contain-or their volume-the space they encompass. Changes in cell mass and volume occur through different molecular mechanisms and at different timescales, slow for changes in mass and rapid for changes in volume. Therefore, changes in cell mass and cell volume, which are often linked, contribute to the development and shaping of tissues in different ways. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which cells can control and alter their size, and we discuss how changes in cell mass and volume contribute to tissue morphogenesis. The role that cell size control plays in developing embryos is only starting to be elucidated. Research on the signals that control cell size will illuminate our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Scepanovic
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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2
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Chui JS, Izuel‐Idoype T, Qualizza A, de Almeida RP, Piessens L, van der Veer BK, Vanmarcke G, Malesa A, Athanasouli P, Boon R, Vriens J, van Grunsven L, Koh KP, Verfaillie CM, Lluis F. Osmolar Modulation Drives Reversible Cell Cycle Exit and Human Pluripotent Cell Differentiation via NF-κВ and WNT Signaling. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307554. [PMID: 38037844 PMCID: PMC10870039 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Terminally differentiated cells are commonly regarded as the most stable cell state in adult organisms, characterized by growth arrest while fulfilling their specialized functions. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in promoting cell cycle exit will improve the ability to differentiate pluripotent cells into mature tissues for both pharmacological and therapeutic use. Here, it demonstrates that a hyperosmolar environment enforces a protective p53-independent quiescent state in immature hepatoma cells and in pluripotent stem cell-derived models of human hepatocytes and endothelial cells. Prolonged culture in hyperosmolar conditions stimulates changes in gene expression promoting functional cell maturation. Interestingly, hyperosmolar conditions do not only trigger growth arrest and cellular maturation but are also necessary to maintain this maturated state, as switching back to plasma osmolarity reverses the changes in expression of maturation and proliferative markers. Transcriptome analysis revealed sequential stages of osmolarity-regulated growth arrest followed by cell maturation, mediated by activation of NF-κВ, and repression of WNT signaling, respectively. This study reveals that a modulated increase in osmolarity serves as a biochemical signal to promote long-term growth arrest and cellular maturation into different lineages, providing a practical method to generate differentiated hiPSCs that resemble their mature counterpart more closely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Sai‐Hong Chui
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Teresa Izuel‐Idoype
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Alessandra Qualizza
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Rita Pires de Almeida
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Lindsey Piessens
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Bernard K. van der Veer
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Gert Vanmarcke
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Aneta Malesa
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Paraskevi Athanasouli
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Joris Vriens
- Laboratory of Endometrium, Endometriosis and Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Development and RegenerationKU LeuvenHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Leo van Grunsven
- Liver Cell Biology Research GroupVrije Universiteit BrusselLaarbeeklaan 103Brussels1090Belgium
| | - Kian Peng Koh
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Catherine M. Verfaillie
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
| | - Frederic Lluis
- KU LeuvenDepartment of Development and RegenerationStem Cell InstituteHerestraat 49Leuven3000Belgium
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3
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Höllring K, Vurnek D, Gehrer S, Dudziak D, Hubert M, Smith AS. Morphology as indicator of adaptive changes of model tissues in osmotically and chemically changing environments. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213635. [PMID: 37804683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the formation and maintenance of the homeostatic state in the case of 2D epithelial tissues following an induction of hyperosmotic conditions, using media enriched with 80 to 320 mOsm of mannitol, NaCl, and urea. We characterise the changes in the tissue immediately after the osmotic shock, and follow it until the new homeostatic state is formed. We characterise changes in cooperative motility and proliferation pressure in the tissue upon treatment with the help of a theoretical model based on the delayed Fisher-Kolmogorov formalism, where the delay in density evolution is induced by the the finite time of the cell division. Finally we explore the adaptation of the homeostatic tissue to highly elevated osmotic conditions by evaluating the morphology and topology of cells after 20 days in incubation. We find that hyperosmotic environments together with changes in the extracellular matrix induce different mechanical states in viable tissues, where only some remain functional. The perspective is a relation between tissue topology and function, which could be explored beyond the scope of this manuscript. Experimental investigation of morphological effect of change of osmotic conditions on long-term tissue morphology and topology Effect of osmotic changes on transient tissue growth behaviour Analysis of recovery process of tissues post-osmotic-shock Toxicity limits of osmolytes in mid- to long-term tissue evolution Tissue adaptation to physiological changes in environment Long-term tissue stabilisation under altered osmotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Höllring
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Damir Vurnek
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Simone Gehrer
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Dermatology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Maxime Hubert
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Ana-Sunčana Smith
- PULS Group, Institute for Theoretical Physics, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany; Group of Computational Life Sciences, Department of Physical Chemistry, Ruer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
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4
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Sänger CS, Cernakova M, Wietecha MS, Garau Paganella L, Labouesse C, Dudaryeva OY, Roubaty C, Stumpe M, Mazza E, Tibbitt MW, Dengjel J, Werner S. Serine protease 35 regulates the fibroblast matrisome in response to hyperosmotic stress. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9219. [PMID: 37647410 PMCID: PMC10468140 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress occurs in several diseases, but its long-term effects are largely unknown. We used sorbitol-treated human fibroblasts in 3D culture to study the consequences of hyperosmotic stress in the skin. Sorbitol regulated many genes, which help cells cope with the stress condition. The most robustly regulated gene encodes serine protease 35 (PRSS35). Its regulation by hyperosmotic stress was dependent on the kinases p38 and JNK and the transcription factors NFAT5 and ATF2. We identified different collagens and collagen-associated proteins as putative PRSS35 binding partners. This is functionally important because PRSS35 affected the extracellular matrix proteome, which limited cell proliferation. The in vivo relevance of these findings is reflected by the coexpression of PRSS35 and its binding partners in human skin wounds, where hyperosmotic stress occurs as a consequence of excessive water loss. These results identify PRSS35 as a key regulator of the matrisome under hyperosmotic stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catharina S. Sänger
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martina Cernakova
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mateusz S. Wietecha
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Lorenza Garau Paganella
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Céline Labouesse
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oksana Y. Dudaryeva
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carole Roubaty
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Michael Stumpe
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Mazza
- Institute for Mechanical Systems, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Leonhardstrasse 21, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark W. Tibbitt
- Institute for Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Faculty of Science and Medicine, Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Ch. du Musée 10, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Werner
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Asadi E, Najafi A, Benson JD. Exogenous Melatonin Ameliorates the Negative Effect of Osmotic Stress in Human and Bovine Ovarian Stromal Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061054. [PMID: 35739950 PMCID: PMC9219940 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation transplantation (OTCT) is the most flexible option to preserve fertility in women and children with cancer. However, OTCT is associated with follicle loss and an accompanying short lifespan of the grafts. Cryopreservation-induced damage could be due to cryoprotective agent (CPA) toxicity and osmotic shock. Therefore, one way to avoid this damage is to maintain the cell volume within osmotic tolerance limits (OTLs). Here, we aimed to determine, for the first time, the OTLs of ovarian stromal cells (OSCs) and their relationship with reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial respiratory chain activity (MRCA) of OSCs. We evaluated the effect of an optimal dose of melatonin on OTLs, viability, MRCA, ROS and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of both human and bovine OSCs in plated and suspended cells. The OTLs of OSCs were between 200 and 375 mOsm/kg in bovine and between 150 and 500 mOsm/kg in human. Melatonin expands OTLs of OSCs. Furthermore, melatonin significantly reduced ROS and improved TAC, MRCA and viability. Due to the narrow osmotic window of OSCs, it is important to optimize the current protocols of OTCT to maintain enough alive stromal cells, which are necessary for follicle development and graft longevity. The addition of melatonin is a promising strategy for improved cryopreservation media.
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6
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Le PH, Nguyen DHK, Medina AA, Linklater DP, Loebbe C, Crawford RJ, MacLaughlin S, Ivanova EP. Surface Architecture Influences the Rigidity of Candida albicans Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030567. [PMID: 35159912 PMCID: PMC8840568 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the morphology and rigidity of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, during its attachment to surfaces of three levels of nanoscale surface roughness. Non-polished titanium (npTi), polished titanium (pTi), and glass with respective average surface roughness (Sa) values of 389 nm, 14 nm, and 2 nm, kurtosis (Skur) values of 4, 16, and 4, and skewness (Sskw) values of 1, 4, and 1 were used as representative examples of each type of nanoarchitecture. Thus, npTi and glass surfaces exhibited similar Sskw and Skur values but highly disparate Sa. C. albicans cells that had attached to the pTi surfaces exhibited a twofold increase in rigidity of 364 kPa compared to those yeast cells attached to the surfaces of npTi (164 kPa) and glass (185 kPa). The increased rigidity of the C. albicans cells on pTi was accompanied by a distinct round morphology, condensed F-actin distribution, lack of cortical actin patches, and the negligible production of cell-associated polymeric substances; however, an elevated production of loose extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was observed. The differences in the physical response of C. albicans cells attached to the three surfaces suggested that the surface nanoarchitecture (characterized by skewness and kurtosis), rather than average surface roughness, could directly influence the rigidity of the C. albicans cells. This work contributes to the next-generation design of antifungal surfaces by exploiting surface architecture to control the extent of biofilm formation undertaken by yeast pathogens and highlights the importance of performing a detailed surface roughness characterization in order to identify and discriminate between the surface characteristics that may influence the extent of cell attachment and the subsequent behavior of the attached cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc H. Le
- STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (P.H.L.); (D.H.K.N.); (A.A.M.); (D.P.L.); (R.J.C.)
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Duy H. K. Nguyen
- STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (P.H.L.); (D.H.K.N.); (A.A.M.); (D.P.L.); (R.J.C.)
| | - Arturo Aburto Medina
- STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (P.H.L.); (D.H.K.N.); (A.A.M.); (D.P.L.); (R.J.C.)
- ARC Research Hub for Australian Steel Manufacturing, STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Denver P. Linklater
- STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (P.H.L.); (D.H.K.N.); (A.A.M.); (D.P.L.); (R.J.C.)
| | | | - Russell J. Crawford
- STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (P.H.L.); (D.H.K.N.); (A.A.M.); (D.P.L.); (R.J.C.)
| | | | - Elena P. Ivanova
- STEM College, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (P.H.L.); (D.H.K.N.); (A.A.M.); (D.P.L.); (R.J.C.)
- Correspondence:
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7
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Raab CA, Raab M, Becker S, Strebhardt K. Non-mitotic functions of polo-like kinases in cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188467. [PMID: 33171265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of mitotic protein kinases are currently being developed as non-neurotoxic alternatives of microtubule-targeting agents (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) which provide a substantial survival benefit for patients afflicted with different types of solid tumors. Among the mitotic kinases, the cyclin-dependent kinases, the Aurora kinases, the kinesin spindle protein and Polo-like kinases (PLKs) have emerged as attractive targets of cancer therapeutics. The functions of mammalian PLK1-5 are traditionally linked to the regulation of the cell cycle and to the stress response. Especially the key role of PLK1 and PLK4 in cellular growth and proliferation, their overexpression in multiple types of human cancer and their druggability, make them appealing targets for cancer therapy. Inhibitors for PLK1 and PLK4 are currently being tested in multiple cancer trials. The clinical success of microtubule-targeting agents is attributed not solely to the induction of a mitotic arrest in cancer cells, but also to non-mitotic effects like targeting intracellular trafficking on microtubules. This raises the question whether new cancer targets like PLK1 and PLK4 regulate critical non-mitotic functions in tumor cells. In this article we summarize the important roles of PLK1-5 for the regulation of non-mitotic signaling. Due to these functions it is conceivable that inhibitors for PLK1 or PLK4 can target interphase cells, which underscores their attractive potential as cancer drug targets. Moreover, we also describe the contribution of the tumor-suppressors PLK2, PLK3 and PLK5 to cancer cell signaling outside of mitosis. These observations highlight the urgent need to develop highly specific ATP-competitive inhibitors for PLK4 and for PLK1 like the 3rd generation PLK-inhibitor Onvansertib to prevent the inhibition of tumor-suppressor PLKs in- and outside of mitosis. The remarkable feature of PLKs to encompass a unique druggable domain, the polo-box-domain (PBD) that can be found only in PLKs offers the opportunity for the development of inhibitors that target PLKs exclusively. Beyond the development of mono-specific ATP-competitive PLK inhibitors, the PBD as drug target will support the design of new drugs that eradicate cancer cells based on the mitotic and non-mitotic function of PLK1 and PLK4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Raab
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Klaus Strebhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center, Partner Site Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
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8
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Jiménez J, Queralt E, Posas F, de Nadal E. The regulation of Net1/Cdc14 by the Hog1 MAPK upon osmostress unravels a new mechanism regulating mitosis. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:2105-2118. [PMID: 32794416 PMCID: PMC7513861 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1804222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
During evolution, cells have developed a plethora of mechanisms to optimize survival in a changing and unpredictable environment. In this regard, they have evolved networks that include environmental sensors, signaling transduction molecules and response mechanisms. Hog1 (yeast) and p38 (mammals) stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs) are activated upon stress and they drive a full collection of cell adaptive responses aimed to maximize survival. SAPKs are extensively used to learn about the mechanisms through which cells adapt to changing environments. In addition to regulating gene expression and metabolism, SAPKs control cell cycle progression. In this review, we will discuss the latest findings related to the SAPK-driven regulation of mitosis upon osmostress in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Jiménez
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Ciències Bàsiques, Facultat De Medicina I Ciències De La Salut, Universitat Internacional De Catalunya , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ethel Queralt
- Cell Cycle Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdica De Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet De Llobregat , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Posas
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eulàlia de Nadal
- Departament De Ciències Experimentals I De La Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF) , Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Heimer S, Knoll G, Neubert P, Hammer KP, Wagner S, Bauer RJ, Jantsch J, Ehrenschwender M. Hypertonicity counteracts MCL-1 and renders BCL-XL a synthetic lethal target in head and neck cancer. FEBS J 2020; 288:1822-1838. [PMID: 32710568 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an aggressive and difficult-to-treat cancer entity. Current therapies ultimately aim to activate the mitochondria-controlled (intrinsic) apoptosis pathway, but complex alterations in intracellular signaling cascades and the extracellular microenvironment hamper treatment response. On the one hand, proteins of the BCL-2 family set the threshold for cell death induction and prevent accidental cellular suicide. On the other hand, controlling a cell's readiness to die also determines whether malignant cells are sensitive or resistant to anticancer treatments. Here, we show that HNSCC cells upregulate the proapoptotic BH3-only protein NOXA in response to hyperosmotic stress. Induction of NOXA is sufficient to counteract the antiapoptotic properties of MCL-1 and switches HNSCC cells from dual BCL-XL/MCL-1 protection to exclusive BCL-XL addiction. Hypertonicity-induced functional loss of MCL-1 renders BCL-XL a synthetically lethal target in HNSCC, and inhibition of BCL-XL efficiently kills HNSCC cells that poorly respond to conventional therapies. We identify hypertonicity-induced upregulation of NOXA as link between osmotic pressure in the tumor environment and mitochondrial priming, which could perspectively be exploited to boost efficacy of anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Heimer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Knoll
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Neubert
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karin P Hammer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard J Bauer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martin Ehrenschwender
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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10
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Wu CW, Tessier SN, Storey KB. Dehydration stress alters the mitogen-activated-protein kinase signaling and chaperone stress response in Xenopus laevis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 246-247:110461. [PMID: 32497588 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2020.110461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In arid conditions, the African Clawed frog Xenopus laevis enters a state of estivation dormancy as an adaptive survival strategy. Under estivation, X. laevis experience severe dehydration stress as 25-35% of total body water is lost. Dehydration in X. laevis can lead to periods of hypoxia due to elevated blood viscosity that impedes tissue perfusion. To understand how X. laevis survives under such stress, we studied the regulation pattern of key mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and their downstream transcription factors, along with several heat shock proteins in the oxygen sensitive brain and heart tissue of X. laevis under dehydration stress. Our study revealed that the activation phosphorylation residues of MAPK including JNK and MSK and their downstream transcription factors c-Jun and ATF2 are significantly decreased in the heart under dehydration. Given that JNK, c-Jun, and ATF2 are known positive regulators of apoptosis, this regulatory pattern suggest that a state of pro-survival signals may be established in the dehydrated heart. In support of this, protein levels of HSP60, a pro-apoptotic mitochondrial chaperone, was also downregulated in the heart in response to dehydration stress. In the brain tissue, most proteins remain unchanged with the exception of the apoptosis regulating p53 transcription factor, which showed a significant decrease in its activating phosphorylation residue under dehydration. Overall, our study revealed that in the Xenopus brain and heart, a specific suppression pattern of MAPK, transcription factors, and HSP takes place to potentially establish a state of pro-survival under dehydration stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wei Wu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, University of Saskatchewan, SK S7N 5B4, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Shannon N Tessier
- BioMEMS Resource Center & Center for Engineering in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kenneth B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa K1S 5B6, Canada.
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Wang L, Chen R, Weng Q, Lin S, Wang H, Li L, Fuchs BB, Tan X, Mylonakis E. SPT20 Regulates the Hog1-MAPK Pathway and Is Involved in Candida albicans Response to Hyperosmotic Stress. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:213. [PMID: 32153525 PMCID: PMC7047840 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen and relies on the Hog1-MAPK pathway to resist osmotic stress posed by the environment or during host invasions. Here, we investigated the role of SPT20 in response to osmotic stress. Testing a C. albicans spt20Δ/Δ mutant, we found it was sensitive to osmotic stress. Using sequence alignment, we identified the conserved functional domains between CaSpt20 and ScSpt20. Reconstitution of the Spt20 function in a spt20Δ/CaSPT20 complemented strain found CaSPT20 can suppress the high sensitivity to hyperosmotic stressors, a cell wall stress agent, and antifungal drugs in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spt20Δ/Δ mutant background. We measured the cellular glycerol accumulation and found it was significantly lower in the C. albicans spt20Δ/Δ mutant strain, compared to the wild type strain SC5314 (P < 0.001). This result was also supported by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, which showed the expression levels of gene contributing to glycerol accumulation were reduced in Caspt20Δ/Δ compared to wild type (GPD2 and TGL1, P < 0.001), while ADH7 and AGP2, whose expression can lead to glycerol decrease, were induced when cells were exposed to high osmolarity (ADH7, P < 0.001; AGP2, P = 0.002). In addition, we tested the transcription levels of Hog1-dependent osmotic stress response genes, and found that they were significantly upregulated in wild type cells encountering hyperosmolarity, while the expression of HGT10, SKO1, CAT1, and SLP3 were not induced when SPT20 was deleted. Although the transcript of ORF19.3661 and ORF19.4370 in Caspt20Δ/Δ was induced in the presence of 1 M NaCl, the levels were less than what was observed in the wild type (ORF19.3661, P = 0.007; ORF19.4370, P = 0.011). Moreover, the deletion of CaSPT20 in C. albicans reduced phosphorylation levels of Hog1. These findings suggested that SPT20 is conserved between yeast and C. albicans and plays an important role in adapting to osmotic stress through regulating Hog1-MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfang Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruilan Chen
- The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Fangcun Branch of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuting Weng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoming Lin
- Department of Respiratory, Longhua District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huijun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beth Burgwyn Fuchs
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Xiaojiang Tan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Huiqiao Medical Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Eleftherios Mylonakis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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12
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Hock EM, Maniecka Z, Hruska-Plochan M, Reber S, Laferrière F, Sahadevan M K S, Ederle H, Gittings L, Pelkmans L, Dupuis L, Lashley T, Ruepp MD, Dormann D, Polymenidou M. Hypertonic Stress Causes Cytoplasmic Translocation of Neuronal, but Not Astrocytic, FUS due to Impaired Transportin Function. Cell Rep 2020; 24:987-1000.e7. [PMID: 30044993 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The primarily nuclear RNA-binding protein FUS (fused in sarcoma) forms pathological cytoplasmic inclusions in a subset of early-onset amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) patients. In response to cellular stress, FUS is recruited to cytoplasmic stress granules, which are hypothesized to act as precursors of pathological inclusions. We monitored the stress-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of endogenous FUS in an ex vivo mouse CNS model and human neural networks. We found that hyperosmolar, but not oxidative, stress induced robust cytoplasmic translocation of neuronal FUS, with transient nuclear clearance and loss of function. Surprisingly, this reaction is independent of stress granule formation and the molecular pathways activated by hyperosmolarity. Instead, it represents a mechanism mediated by cytoplasmic redistribution of Transportin 1/2 and is potentiated by transcriptional inhibition. Importantly, astrocytes, which remain unaffected in ALS/FTD-FUS, are spared from this stress reaction that may signify the initial event in the development of FUS pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Hock
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zuzanna Maniecka
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marian Hruska-Plochan
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Reber
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Florent Laferrière
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonu Sahadevan M K
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helena Ederle
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximiians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Lauren Gittings
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Diseases, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Lucas Pelkmans
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Faculty of Medicine, INSERM UMR-S1118 and Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tammaryn Lashley
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Diseases, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Marc-David Ruepp
- UK Dementia Research Institute Centre at King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- BioMedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximiians-University Munich, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalini Polymenidou
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; Life Science Zurich Graduate School, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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13
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Pérez-Martínez ME, Benet M, Alepuz P, Tordera V. Nut1/Hos1 and Sas2/Rpd3 control the H3 acetylation of two different sets of osmotic stress-induced genes. Epigenetics 2019; 15:251-271. [PMID: 31512982 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1664229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic information is able to interact with the cellular environment and could be especially useful for reprograming gene expression in response to a physiological perturbation. In fact the genes induced or repressed by osmotic stress undergo significant changes in terms of the levels of various histone modifications, especially in the acetylation levels of histone H3. Exposing yeast to high osmolarity results in the activation of stress-activated protein kinase Hog1, which plays a central role in gene expression control. We evaluated the connection between the presence of Hog1 and changes in histone H3 acetylation in stress-regulated genes. We found a parallel increase in the acetylation of lysines 9 and 14 of H3 in induced genes during stress, which was largely dependent on Hog1 at the genome-wide level. Conversely, we observed that acetylation decreased in repressed genes and was not dependent on Hog1. However, lack of Hog1 sometimes produced different, and even opposite, effects on the induction and acetylation of H3 of each gene. We also found that the acetylation state of lysine 9 of H3 was altered in the strains deficient in Nut1 HAT and Hos1 HDAC in the genes up-regulated during osmotic stress in an Msn2/Msn4-independent manner, while lysine 9 acetylation of H3 varied in the strains deficient in Sas2 HAT and Rpd3 HDAC for the Msn2/Msn4-dependent induced genes. The results presented here show new, unexpected participants in gene regulation processes in response to environmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Pérez-Martínez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and ERI Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Marta Benet
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and ERI Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Paula Alepuz
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and ERI Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Vicente Tordera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular and ERI Biotecmed, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
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14
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Fan YL, Zhao HC, Li B, Zhao ZL, Feng XQ. Mechanical Roles of F-Actin in the Differentiation of Stem Cells: A Review. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3788-3801. [PMID: 33438419 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the development and differentiation of stem cells, mechanical forces associated with filamentous actin (F-actin) play a crucial role. The present review aims to reveal the relationship among the chemical components, microscopic structures, mechanical properties, and biological functions of F-actin. Particular attention is given to the functions of the cytoplasmic and nuclear microfilament cytoskeleton and their regulation mechanisms in the differentiation of stem cells. The distributions of different types of actin monomers in mammal cells and the functions of actin-binding proteins are summarized. We discuss how the fate of stem cells is regulated by intra/extracellular mechanical and chemical cues associated with microfilament-related proteins, intercellular adhesion molecules, etc. In addition, we also address the differentiation-induced variation in the stiffness of stem cells and the correlation between the fate and geometric shape change of stem cells. This review not only deepens our understanding of the biophysical mechanisms underlying the fates of stem cells under different culture conditions but also provides inspirations for the tissue engineering of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Lei Fan
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hu-Cheng Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zi-Long Zhao
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xi-Qiao Feng
- Institute of Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Tian Y, Wen H, Qi X, Zhang X, Li Y. Identification of mapk gene family in Lateolabrax maculatus and their expression profiles in response to hypoxia and salinity challenges. Gene 2019; 684:20-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Yang L, Zhang S, Duan H, Dong M, Hu X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Shi W, Zhou Q. Different Effects of Pro-Inflammatory Factors and Hyperosmotic Stress on Corneal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells and Wound Healing in Mice. Stem Cells Transl Med 2018; 8:46-57. [PMID: 30302939 PMCID: PMC6312447 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and severe dry eye are two important adverse factors for the successful transplant of cultured limbal stem cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inflammation and hyperosmotic stress (a key pathological factor in dry eye) on corneal epithelial stem cells (CESCs) and corneal epithelial wound healing. We observed that the CESCs exhibited significant morphological changes when treated with interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), or hyperosmotic stress. Colony‐forming efficiency or colony‐forming size was decreased with the increasing concentrations of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, or hyperosmotic stress, which was exacerbated when treated simultaneously with pro‐inflammatory factors and hyperosmotic stress. However, the colony‐forming capacity of CESCs recovered more easily from pro‐inflammatory factor treatment than from hyperosmotic stress treatment. Moreover, when compared with pro‐inflammatory factors treatment, hyperosmotic stress treatment caused a more significant increase of apoptotic and necrotic cell numbers and cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Furthermore, the normal ability of corneal epithelial wound healing in the mice model was suppressed by both pro‐inflammatory factors and hyperosmotic stress treatment, and especially severely by hyperosmotic stress treatment. In addition, inflammation combined with hyperosmotic stress treatment induced more serious epithelial repair delays and apoptosis in corneal epithelium. Elevated levels of inflammatory factors were found in hyperosmotic stress‐treated cells and mice corneas, which persisted even during the recovery period. The results suggested that pro‐inflammatory factors cause transient inhibition, while hyperosmotic stress causes severe apoptosis and necrosis, persistent cell cycle arrest of CESCs, and severe corneal wound healing delay. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2019;8:46–57
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Yang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Songmei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Muchen Dong
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaohua Zhang
- Shandong Lunan Eye Hospital, Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyun Shi
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, People's Republic of China
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17
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Hart MR, Anderson DJ, Porter CC, Neff T, Levin M, Horwitz MS. Activating PAX gene family paralogs to complement PAX5 leukemia driver mutations. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007642. [PMID: 30216339 PMCID: PMC6157899 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX5, one of nine members of the mammalian paired box (PAX) family of transcription factors, plays an important role in B cell development. Approximately one-third of individuals with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) acquire heterozygous inactivating mutations of PAX5 in malignant cells, and heterozygous germline loss-of-function PAX5 mutations cause autosomal dominant predisposition to ALL. At least in mice, Pax5 is required for pre-B cell maturation, and leukemic remission occurs when Pax5 expression is restored in a Pax5-deficient mouse model of ALL. Together, these observations indicate that PAX5 deficiency reversibly drives leukemogenesis. PAX5 and its two most closely related paralogs, PAX2 and PAX8, which are not mutated in ALL, exhibit overlapping expression and function redundantly during embryonic development. However, PAX5 alone is expressed in lymphocytes, while PAX2 and PAX8 are predominantly specific to kidney and thyroid, respectively. We show that forced expression of PAX2 or PAX8 complements PAX5 loss-of-function mutation in ALL cells as determined by modulation of PAX5 target genes, restoration of immunophenotypic and morphological differentiation, and, ultimately, reduction of replicative potential. Activation of PAX5 paralogs, PAX2 or PAX8, ordinarily silenced in lymphocytes, may therefore represent a novel approach for treating PAX5-deficient ALL. In pursuit of this strategy, we took advantage of the fact that, in kidney, PAX2 is upregulated by extracellular hyperosmolarity. We found that hyperosmolarity, at potentially clinically achievable levels, transcriptionally activates endogenous PAX2 in ALL cells via a mechanism dependent on NFAT5, a transcription factor coordinating response to hyperosmolarity. We also found that hyperosmolarity upregulates residual wild type PAX5 expression in ALL cells and modulates gene expression, including in PAX5-mutant primary ALL cells. These findings specifically demonstrate that osmosensing pathways may represent a new therapeutic target for ALL and more broadly point toward the possibility of using gene paralogs to rescue mutations driving cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Hart
- Allen Discovery Center and Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Donovan J. Anderson
- Allen Discovery Center and Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Tobias Neff
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center and Biology Department, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marshall S. Horwitz
- Allen Discovery Center and Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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18
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Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Apoptotic Effects of Acer Palmatum Thumb. Extract, KIOM-2015EW, in a Hyperosmolar-Stress-Induced In Vitro Dry Eye Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030282. [PMID: 29495608 PMCID: PMC5872700 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of KIOM-2015EW, the hot-water extract of maple leaves in hyperosmolar stress (HOS)-induced human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). HCECs were exposed to hyperosmolar medium and exposed to KIOM-2015EW with or without the hyperosmolar media. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 production and apoptosis were observed, and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling and nuclear factor (NF)-κB was confirmed. Compared to isomolar medium, the induction of cell cytotoxicity significantly increased in HCECs exposed to hyperosmolar medium in a time-dependent manner. KIOM-2015EW-treatment significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and apoptosis. KIOM-2015EW-treatment inhibited HOS-induced MAPK signaling activation. Additionally, the HOS-induced increase in NF-κB phosphorylation was attenuated by KIOM-2015EW. The results demonstrated that KIOM-2015EW protects the ocular surface by suppressing inflammation in dry eye disease, and suggest that KIOM-2015EW may be used to treat several ocular surface diseases where inflammation plays a key role.
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19
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Pomatto LCD, Davies KJA. The role of declining adaptive homeostasis in ageing. J Physiol 2017; 595:7275-7309. [PMID: 29028112 PMCID: PMC5730851 DOI: 10.1113/jp275072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive homeostasis is "the transient expansion or contraction of the homeostatic range for any given physiological parameter in response to exposure to sub-toxic, non-damaging, signalling molecules or events, or the removal or cessation of such molecules or events" (Davies, 2016). Adaptive homeostasis enables biological systems to make continuous short-term adjustments for optimal functioning despite ever-changing internal and external environments. Initiation of adaptation in response to an appropriate signal allows organisms to successfully cope with much greater, normally toxic, stresses. These short-term responses are initiated following effective signals, including hypoxia, cold shock, heat shock, oxidative stress, exercise-induced adaptation, caloric restriction, osmotic stress, mechanical stress, immune response, and even emotional stress. There is now substantial literature detailing a decline in adaptive homeostasis that, unfortunately, appears to manifest with ageing, especially in the last third of the lifespan. In this review, we present the hypothesis that one hallmark of the ageing process is a significant decline in adaptive homeostasis capacity. We discuss the mechanistic importance of diminished capacity for short-term (reversible) adaptive responses (both biochemical and signal transduction/gene expression-based) to changing internal and external conditions, for short-term survival and for lifespan and healthspan. Studies of cultured mammalian cells, worms, flies, rodents, simians, apes, and even humans, all indicate declining adaptive homeostasis as a potential contributor to age-dependent senescence, increased risk of disease, and even mortality. Emerging work points to Nrf2-Keap1 signal transduction pathway inhibitors, including Bach1 and c-Myc, both of whose tissue concentrations increase with age, as possible major causes for age-dependent loss of adaptive homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C. D. Pomatto
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
| | - Kelvin J. A. Davies
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology of the Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology CenterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089USA
- Molecular and Computational Biology Program, Department of Biological Sciences of the Dornsife College of LettersArts & Sciences: the University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089‐0191USA
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20
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Olivera Santa-Catalina M, Caballero Bermejo M, Argent R, Alonso JC, Centeno F, Lorenzo MJ. JNK signaling pathway regulates sorbitol-induced Tau proteolysis and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by targeting caspase-3. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 636:42-49. [PMID: 29126968 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that Diabetes Mellitus increases the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. It is well known that hyperglycemia, a key feature of Diabetes Mellitus, may induce plasma osmolarity disturbances. Both hyperglycemia and hyperosmolarity promote the altered post-translational regulation of microtubule-associated protein Tau. Interestingly, abnormal hyperphosphorylation and cleavage of Tau have been proven to lead to the genesis of filamentous structures referred to as neurofibrillary tangles, the main pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. We have previously described that hyperosmotic stress induced by sorbitol promotes Tau proteolysis and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells via caspase-3 activation. In order to gain insights into the regulatory mechanisms of such processes, in this work we explored the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate these events. We found that sorbitol treatment significantly enhanced the activation of conventional families of MAPK in SH-SY5Y cells. Tau proteolysis was completely prevented by JNK inhibition but not affected by either ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK blockade. Moreover, inhibition of JNK, but not ERK1/2 or p38 MAPK, efficiently prevented sorbitol-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activation. In summary, we provide evidence that JNK signaling pathway is an upstream regulator of hyperosmotic stress-induced Tau cleavage and apoptosis in SH-SY5Y through the control of caspase-3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olivera Santa-Catalina
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Montaña Caballero Bermejo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ricardo Argent
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan C Alonso
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Centeno
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| | - María J Lorenzo
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain.
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21
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Aguilar OA, Hadj-Moussa H, Storey KB. Freeze-responsive regulation of MEF2 proteins and downstream gene networks in muscles of the wood frog, Rana sylvatica. J Therm Biol 2017; 67:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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22
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Possik E, Pause A. Glycogen: A must have storage to survive stressful emergencies. WORM 2016; 5:e1156831. [PMID: 27383221 PMCID: PMC4911973 DOI: 10.1080/21624054.2016.1156831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms of adaptation to acute changes in osmolarity are fundamental for life. When exposed to hyperosmotic stress, cells and organisms utilize conserved strategies to prevent water loss and maintain cellular integrity and viability. The production of glycerol is a common strategy utilized by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and many other organisms to survive hyperosmotic stress. Specifically, the transcriptional upregulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the production of glycerol, has been previously implicated in many model organisms. However, what fuels this massive and rapid production of glycerol upon hyperosmotic stress has not been clearly elucidated. We have recently discovered an AMPK-dependent pathway that mediates hyperosmotic stress resistance in C. elegans. Specifically, we demonstrated that the chronic activation of AMPK leads to glycogen accumulation, which under hyperosmotic stress exposure, is rapidly degraded to mediate glycerol production. Importantly, we demonstrate that this strategy is utilized by flcn-1 mutant C. elegans nematodes in an AMPK-dependent manner. FLCN-1 is the worm homolog of the human renal tumor suppressor Folliculin (FLCN) responsible for the Birt-Hogg-Dubé neoplastic syndrome. Here, we comment on the dual role for glycogen in stress resistance: it serves as an energy store and a fuel for osmolyte production. We further discuss the potential utilization of this mechanism by organisms in general and by human cancer cells in order to survive harsh environmental conditions and notably hyperosmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elite Possik
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Lang E, Bissinger R, Fajol A, Salker MS, Singh Y, Zelenak C, Ghashghaeinia M, Gu S, Jilani K, Lupescu A, Reyskens KMSE, Ackermann TF, Föller M, Schleicher E, Sheffield WP, Arthur JSC, Lang F, Qadri SM. Accelerated apoptotic death and in vivo turnover of erythrocytes in mice lacking functional mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17316. [PMID: 26611568 PMCID: PMC4661433 DOI: 10.1038/srep17316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen- and stress-activated kinase MSK1/2 plays a decisive role in apoptosis. In analogy to apoptosis of nucleated cells, suicidal erythrocyte death called eryptosis is characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling leading to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization. Here, we explored whether MSK1/2 participates in the regulation of eryptosis. To this end, erythrocytes were isolated from mice lacking functional MSK1/2 (msk−/−) and corresponding wild-type mice (msk+/+). Blood count, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and mean erythrocyte volume were similar in both msk−/− and msk+/+ mice, but reticulocyte count was significantly increased in msk−/− mice. Cell membrane PS exposure was similar in untreated msk−/− and msk+/+ erythrocytes, but was enhanced by pathophysiological cell stressors ex vivo such as hyperosmotic shock or energy depletion to significantly higher levels in msk−/− erythrocytes than in msk+/+ erythrocytes. Cell shrinkage following hyperosmotic shock and energy depletion, as well as hemolysis following decrease of extracellular osmolarity was more pronounced in msk−/− erythrocytes. The in vivo clearance of autologously-infused CFSE-labeled erythrocytes from circulating blood was faster in msk−/− mice. The spleens from msk−/− mice contained a significantly greater number of PS-exposing erythrocytes than spleens from msk+/+ mice. The present observations point to accelerated eryptosis and subsequent clearance of erythrocytes leading to enhanced erythrocyte turnover in MSK1/2-deficient mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rosi Bissinger
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abul Fajol
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S Salker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Zelenak
- Charité Medical University Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ghashghaeinia
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Kashif Jilani
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Agriculture, 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adrian Lupescu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathleen M S E Reyskens
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa F Ackermann
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Föller
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,nstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 2, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erwin Schleicher
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Straβe 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - William P Sheffield
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
| | - J Simon C Arthur
- MRC Phosphorylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom.,Division of Cell Signaling and Immunology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S4K1, Canada
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24
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Rathinam E, Rajasekharan S, Chitturi RT, Martens L, De Coster P. Gene Expression Profiling and Molecular Signaling of Dental Pulp Cells in Response to Tricalcium Silicate Cements: A Systematic Review. J Endod 2015; 41:1805-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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25
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Possik E, Ajisebutu A, Manteghi S, Gingras MC, Vijayaraghavan T, Flamand M, Coull B, Schmeisser K, Duchaine T, van Steensel M, Hall DH, Pause A. FLCN and AMPK Confer Resistance to Hyperosmotic Stress via Remodeling of Glycogen Stores. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005520. [PMID: 26439621 PMCID: PMC4595296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of adaptation to environmental changes in osmolarity are fundamental for cellular and organismal survival. Here we identify a novel osmotic stress resistance pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), which is dependent on the metabolic master regulator 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its negative regulator Folliculin (FLCN). FLCN-1 is the nematode ortholog of the tumor suppressor FLCN, responsible for the Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) tumor syndrome. We show that flcn-1 mutants exhibit increased resistance to hyperosmotic stress via constitutive AMPK-dependent accumulation of glycogen reserves. Upon hyperosmotic stress exposure, glycogen stores are rapidly degraded, leading to a significant accumulation of the organic osmolyte glycerol through transcriptional upregulation of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzymes (gpdh-1 and gpdh-2). Importantly, the hyperosmotic stress resistance in flcn-1 mutant and wild-type animals is strongly suppressed by loss of AMPK, glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase, or simultaneous loss of gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 enzymes. Our studies show for the first time that animals normally exhibit AMPK-dependent glycogen stores, which can be utilized for rapid adaptation to either energy stress or hyperosmotic stress. Importantly, we show that glycogen accumulates in kidneys from mice lacking FLCN and in renal tumors from a BHD patient. Our findings suggest a dual role for glycogen, acting as a reservoir for energy supply and osmolyte production, and both processes might be supporting tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elite Possik
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Andrew Ajisebutu
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sanaz Manteghi
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Gingras
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Tarika Vijayaraghavan
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Flamand
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Barry Coull
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Kathrin Schmeisser
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Duchaine
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maurice van Steensel
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
- Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David H. Hall
- Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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26
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Role of cytoskeleton network in anisosmotic volume changes of intact and permeabilized A549 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1848:2337-43. [PMID: 26171817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently we found that cytoplasm of permeabilized mammalian cells behaves as a hydrogel displaying intrinsic osmosensitivity. This study examined the role of microfilaments and microtubules in the regulation of hydrogel osmosensitivity, volume-sensitive ion transporters, and their contribution to volume modulation of intact cells. We found that intact and digitonin-permeabilized A549 cells displayed similar rate of shrinkage triggered by hyperosmotic medium. It was significantly slowed-down in both cell preparations after disruption of actin microfilaments by cytochalasin B, suggesting that rapid water release by intact cytoplasmic hydrogel contributes to hyperosmotic shrinkage. In hyposmotic swelling experiments, disruption of microtubules by vinblastine attenuated the maximal amplitude of swelling in intact cells and completely abolished it in permeabilized cells. The swelling of intact cells also triggered ~10-fold elevation of furosemide-resistant (86)Rb+ (K+) permeability and the regulatory volume decrease (RVD), both of which were abolished by Ba2+. Interestingly, RVD and K+ permeability remained unaffected in cytocholasin/vinblastine treated cells demonstrating that cytoskeleton disruption has no direct impact on Ba2+-sensitive K+-channels involved in RVD. Our results show, for the first time, that the cytoskeleton network contributes directly to passive cell volume adjustments in anisosmotic media via the modulation of the water retained by the cytoplasmic hydrogel.
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27
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Calmes B, N’Guyen G, Dumur J, Brisach CA, Campion C, Iacomi B, Pigné S, Dias E, Macherel D, Guillemette T, Simoneau P. Glucosinolate-derived isothiocyanates impact mitochondrial function in fungal cells and elicit an oxidative stress response necessary for growth recovery. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:414. [PMID: 26089832 PMCID: PMC4452805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates are brassicaceous secondary metabolites that have long been considered as chemical shields against pathogen invasion. Isothiocyanates (ITCs), are glucosinolate-breakdown products that have negative effects on the growth of various fungal species. We explored the mechanism by which ITCs could cause fungal cell death using Alternaria brassicicola, a specialist Brassica pathogens, as model organism. Exposure of the fungus to ICTs led to a decreased oxygen consumption rate, intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial-membrane depolarization. We also found that two major regulators of the response to oxidative stress, i.e., the MAP kinase AbHog1 and the transcription factor AbAP1, were activated in the presence of ICTs. Once activated by ICT-derived ROS, AbAP1 was found to promote the expression of different oxidative-response genes. This response might play a significant role in the protection of the fungus against ICTs as mutants deficient in AbHog1 or AbAP1 were found to be hypersensitive to these metabolites. Moreover, the loss of these genes was accompanied by a significant decrease in aggressiveness on Brassica. We suggest that the robust protection response against ICT-derived oxidative stress might be a key adaptation mechanism for successful infection of host plants by Brassicaceae-specialist necrotrophs like A. brassicicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Calmes
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Guillaume N’Guyen
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Jérome Dumur
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Carlos A. Brisach
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Claire Campion
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Béatrice Iacomi
- Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agronomice şi Medicinǎ Veterinarǎ BucureştiBucharest, Romania
| | - Sandrine Pigné
- Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agronomice şi Medicinǎ Veterinarǎ BucureştiBucharest, Romania
| | - Eva Dias
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - David Macherel
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Thomas Guillemette
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
| | - Philippe Simoneau
- Université d’Angers, INRA, Agrocampus Ouest, UMR 1345 IRHS, SFR 4207 QUASAVAngers, France
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28
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Silva RA, Palladino MV, Cavalheiro RP, Machado D, Cruz BLG, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Gomes-Marcondes MCC, Zambuzzi WF, Vasques L, Nader HB, Souza ACS, Justo GZ. Activation of the low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase in keratinocytes exposed to hyperosmotic stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119020. [PMID: 25781955 PMCID: PMC4363792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we provide new contribution to the mechanisms involved in keratinocytes response to hyperosmotic shock showing, for the first time, the participation of Low Molecular Weight Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (LMWPTP) activity in this event. We reported that sorbitol-induced osmotic stress mediates alterations in the phosphorylation of pivotal cytoskeletal proteins, particularly Src and cofilin. Furthermore, an increase in the expression of the phosphorylated form of LMWPTP, which was followed by an augment in its catalytic activity, was observed. Of particular importance, these responses occurred in an intracellular milieu characterized by elevated levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and increased expression of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase. Altogether, our results suggest that hyperosmostic stress provides a favorable cellular environment to the activation of LMWPTP, which is associated with increased expression of antioxidant enzymes, high levels of GSH and inhibition of Src kinase. Finally, the real contribution of LMWPTP in the hyperosmotic stress response of keratinocytes was demonstrated through analysis of the effects of ACP1 gene knockdown in stressed and non-stressed cells. LMWPTP knockdown attenuates the effects of sorbitol induced-stress in HaCaT cells, mainly in the status of Src kinase, Rac and STAT5 phosphorylation and activity. These results describe for the first time the participation of LMWPTP in the dynamics of cytoskeleton rearrangement during exposure of human keratinocytes to hyperosmotic shock, which may contribute to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelly V. Palladino
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renan P. Cavalheiro
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daisy Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bread L. G. Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J. Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. C. Gomes-Marcondes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Willian F. Zambuzzi
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica, IBB, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Vasques
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena B. Nader
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina S. Souza
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z. Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica (Campus São Paulo) and Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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An integrated view on a eukaryotic osmoregulation system. Curr Genet 2015; 61:373-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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30
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Slater JA, Zhou S, Puscheck EE, Rappolee DA. Stress-induced enzyme activation primes murine embryonic stem cells to differentiate toward the first extraembryonic lineage. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:3049-64. [PMID: 25144240 PMCID: PMC4267551 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular stresses influence transcription factor (TF) expression and therefore lineage identity in the peri-implantation mouse embryo and its stem cells. This potentially affects pregnancy outcome. To understand the effects of stress signaling during this critical period of pregnancy, we exposed cultured murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) to hyperosmotic stress. We then measured stress-enzyme-dependent regulation of key pluripotency and lineage TFs. Hyperosmotic stress slowed mESC accumulation due to slowing of the cell cycle over 72 h, after a small apoptotic response within 12 h. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) enzymatic signaling was responsible for stem cell survival under stressed conditions. Stress initially triggered mESC differentiation after 4 h through MEK1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and PI3K enzymatic signaling, which led to proteasomal degradation of Oct4, Nanog, Sox2, and Rex1 TF proteins. Concurrent with this post-transcriptional effect was the decreased accumulation of potency TF mRNA transcripts. After 12-24 h of stress, cells adapted, cell cycle resumed, and Oct4 and Nanog mRNA and protein expression returned to approximately normal levels. The TF protein recovery was mediated by p38MAPK and PI3K signaling, as well as by MEK2 and/or MEK1. However, due to JNK signaling, Rex1 expression did not recover. Probing for downstream lineages revealed that although mESCs did not differentiate morphologically during 24 h of stress, they were primed to differentiate by upregulating markers of the first lineage differentiating from mESCs, extraembryonic endoderm. Thus, although two to three TFs that mark pluripotency recover expression by 24 h of stress, there is nonetheless sustained Rex1 suppression and a priming of mESCs for differentiation to the earliest lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill A. Slater
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sichang Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Ella Puscheck
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Daniel A. Rappolee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, CS Mott Center for Human Growth and Development, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Program for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Institutes for Environmental Health Science, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
- Department of Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Wang L, Dai W, Lu L. Osmotic stress-induced phosphorylation of H2AX by polo-like kinase 3 affects cell cycle progression in human corneal epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:29827-35. [PMID: 25202016 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.597161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased concentrations of extracellular solutes affect cell function and fate by stimulating cellular responses, such as evoking MAPK cascades, altering cell cycle progression, and causing apoptosis. Our study results here demonstrate that hyperosmotic stress induced H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX) by an unrevealed kinase cascade involving polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) in human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. We found that hyperosmotic stress induced DNA-double strand breaks and increased γH2AX in HCE cells. Phosphorylation of H2AX at serine 139 was catalyzed by hyperosmotic stress-induced activation of Plk3. Plk3 directly interacted with H2AX and was colocalized with γH2AX in the nuclei of hyperosmotic stress-induced cells. Suppression of Plk3 activity by overexpression of a kinase-silencing mutant or by knocking down Plk3 mRNA effectively reduced γH2AX in hyperosmotic stress-induced cells. This was consistent with results that show γH2AX was markedly suppressed in the Plk3(-/-) knock-out mouse corneal epithelial layer in response to hyperosmotic stimulation. The effect of hyperosmotic stress-activated Plk3 and increased γH2AX in cell cycle progression showed an accumulation of G2/M phase, altered population in G1 and S phases, and increased apoptosis. Our results for the first time reveal that hyperosmotic stress-activated Plk3 elicited γH2AX. This Plk3-mediated activation of γH2AX subsequently regulates the cell cycle progression and cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California 90502 and
| | - Wei Dai
- the Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Luo Lu
- From the Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, California 90502 and
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32
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Huang SC, Wu BC, Kao CT, Huang TH, Hung CJ, Shie MY. Role of the p38 pathway in mineral trioxide aggregate-induced cell viability and angiogenesis-related proteins of dental pulp cell in vitro. Int Endod J 2014; 48:236-45. [PMID: 24773073 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the influence of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on angiogenesis of primary human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) via the MAPK pathway, in particular p38. METHODOLOGY Human dental pulp cells were cultured with MTA to angiogenesis, after which cell viability, ion concentration, osmolality, NO secretion, the von Willebrand factor (vWF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) protein expression were examined. PrestoBlue(®) was used for evaluating the proliferation of hDPCs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to determine vWF and Ang-1 protein secretion in hDPCs cultured on MTA and the control. Cells cultured on the tissue culture plate without the cement were used as the control. The t-test was used to evaluate the significance of the differences between the mean values. RESULTS Mineral trioxide aggregate elicited a significant (P < 0.05) increased viability compared with the control (15%, 16% and 13% on days 1, 3 and 5 of cell seeding, respectively). MTA consumed calcium and phosphate ions, and released more Si ions in the medium. MTA significantly (P < 0.05) increased the osmolality of the medium to 313, 328 and 341 mOsm kg(-1) after 1, 3 and 5 days, respectively. P38 was activated through phosphorylation, and the phosphorylation kinase was investigated in the cell system after being cultured with MTA. Expression levels for Ang-1 and vWF in hDPCs on MTA were higher than those of the MTA + p38 inhibitor (SB203580) group (P < 0.05) at all of the time-points. CONCLUSIONS Mineral trioxide aggregate was able to activate the p38 pathway in hDPCs cultured in vitro. Moreover, Si increased the osmolality required to facilitate the angiogenic differentiation of hDPCs via the p38 signalling pathway. When the p38 pathway was blocked by SB203580, the angiogenic-dependent protein secretion decreased. These findings verify that the p38 pathway plays a key role in regulating the angiogenic behaviour of hDPCs cultured on MTA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-C Huang
- School of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dentistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Casali CI, Weber K, Faggionato D, Gómez EM, Tome MCF. Coordinate regulation between the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and cyclooxygenase-2 in renal epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:432-9. [PMID: 24915420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, in cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, and in the regulation of pro-inflammatory genes expression such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). PPARγ is the main isoform in the renal inner medulla where it is believed to possess nephroprotective actions. In this kidney zone, COX-2 acts as an osmoprotective gene and its expression is modulated by changes in interstitial osmolarity. In the present work we evaluated whether hyperosmolar-induced COX-2 expression is modulated by PPARγ in renal epithelial cells MDCK subjected to high NaCl medium. The results presented herein show that ligand-activated PPARγ repressed COX-2 expression. But more important, the present findings show that hyperosmolar medium decreased PPARγ protein and increases the PPARγ phosphorylated form, which is inactive. ERK1/2 and p38 activation precedes PPARγ disappearance and induced-COX-2 expression. Therefore, the decrease in PPARγ expression is required for hyperosmotic induction of COX-2. We also found that PGE2, the main product of COX-2 in MDCK cells, induced these changes in PPARγ protein. Our results may alert on the long term use of thiazolidinediones (TZD) since they could affect renal medullary function that depends on COX-2 for cellular protection against osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia I Casali
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; IQUIFIB-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Karen Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; IQUIFIB-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Daniela Faggionato
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Morel Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - María C Fernández Tome
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; IQUIFIB-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
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Role of the P38 Pathway in Calcium Silicate Cement–induced Cell Viability and Angiogenesis-related Proteins of Human Dental Pulp Cell In Vitro. J Endod 2014; 40:818-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Krementsov DN, Noubade R, Dragon JA, Otsu K, Rincon M, Teuscher C. Sex-specific control of central nervous system autoimmunity by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in myeloid cells. Ann Neurol 2014; 75:50-66. [PMID: 24027119 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by a global increasing incidence driven by relapsing-remitting disease in females. Investigators have described p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as a key regulator of inflammatory responses in autoimmunity, but its role in the sexual dimorphism in MS or MS models remains unexplored. METHODS Toward this end, we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the principal animal model of MS, combined with pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of p38 MAPK activity and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS Pharmacologic inhibition of p38 MAPK selectively ameliorated EAE in female mice. Conditional deletion studies demonstrated that p38α signaling in macrophages/myeloid cells, but not T cells or dendritic cells, mediated this sexual dimorphism, which was dependent on the presence of adult sex hormones. Analysis of CNS inflammatory infiltrates showed that female but not male mice lacking p38α in myeloid cells exhibited reduced immune cell activation compared with controls, whereas peripheral T-cell priming was unaffected in both sexes. Transcriptomic analyses of myeloid cells revealed differences in p38α-controlled transcripts comprising female- and male-specific gene modules, with greater p38α dependence of proinflammatory gene expression in females. INTERPRETATION Our findings demonstrate a key role for p38α in myeloid cells in CNS autoimmunity and uncover important molecular mechanisms underlying sex differences in disease pathogenesis. Taken together, our results suggest that the p38 MAPK signaling pathway represents a novel target for much needed disease-modifying therapies for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Medicine, Immunobiology Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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Guo H, Ye CX, Wang AL, Xian JA, Liao SA, Miao YT, Zhang SP. Trascriptome analysis of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei exposed to nitrite by RNA-seq. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 35:2008-16. [PMID: 24055647 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, transcriptome of nitrite-exposed Litopenaeus vannamei was performed using a newly developed high-throughput sequencing technology (Illumina RNA-seq). As many as 42,336 unigenes were generated with 561 bp of average length and 736 bp of unigene N50 after filtering and assembly. These unigenes from the de novo assembly were further annotated using BLAST and BLAST2GO softwares. A total of 23,532 unigenes were unambiguous alignments to the reference when BLAST against non-redundant protein sequence (Nr), non-redundant nucleotide (Nt), Swiss-Prot, Gene Ontology database (GO), Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases available at NCBI. Numerous candidate genes associated with immune response, detoxification, apoptosis pathway were identified. Ten candidate genes related to immune responses and apoptosis were selected for validating the results of assembly and annotation by real-time quantitative PCR. Results revealed that the expressions of all these ten genes were up-regulated after nitrite exposure. Combining to our previous study, we speculate that all these selected genes may be involved in the response to nitrite stress. The study shows a systematic overview of the transcriptome analysis in L. vannamei, and provides valuable gene information for studying molecular mechanisms under nitrite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environmental Science of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
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Duch A, de Nadal E, Posas F. Dealing with transcriptional outbursts during S phase to protect genomic integrity. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:4745-55. [PMID: 24021813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcription during S phase needs to be spatially and temporally regulated to prevent collisions between the transcription and replication machineries. Cells have evolved a number of mechanisms to make both processes compatible under normal growth conditions. When conflict management fails, the head-on encounter between RNA and DNA polymerases results in genomic instability unless conflict resolution mechanisms are activated. Nevertheless, there are specific situations in which cells need to dramatically change their transcriptional landscape to adapt to environmental challenges. Signal transduction pathways, such as stress-activated protein kinases (SAPKs), serve to regulate gene expression in response to environmental insults. Prototypical members of SAPKs are the yeast Hog1 and mammalian p38. In response to stress, p38/Hog1 SAPKs control transcription and also regulate cell cycle progression. When yeast cells are stressed during S phase, Hog1 promotes gene induction and, remarkably, also delays replication by directly affecting early origin firing and fork progression. Therefore, by delaying replication, Hog1 plays a key role in preventing conflicts between RNA and DNA polymerases. In this review, we focus on the genomic determinants and mechanisms that make compatible transcription with replication during S phase to prevent genomic instability, especially in response to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Duch
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Arsenijevic T, Vujovic A, Libert F, Op de Beeck A, Hébrant A, Janssens S, Grégoire F, Lefort A, Bolaky N, Perret J, Caspers L, Willermain F, Delporte C. Hyperosmotic stress induces cell cycle arrest in retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e662. [PMID: 23744362 PMCID: PMC3702301 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osmotic changes occur in many tissues and profoundly influence cell function. Herein, we investigated the effect of hyperosmotic stress on retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells using a microarray approach. Upon 4-h exposure to 100 mM NaCl or 200 mM sucrose, 79 genes were downregulated and 72 upregulated. Three gene ontology categories were significantly modulated: cell proliferation, transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter and response to abiotic stimulus. Fluorescent-activated cell sorting analysis further demonstrated that owing to hyperosmotic stimulation for 24 h, cell count and cell proliferation, as well as the percentage of cells in G0/G1 and S phases were significantly decreased, whereas the percentage of cells in G2/M phases increased, and apoptosis and necrosis remained unaffected. Accordingly, hyperosmotic conditions induced a decrease of cyclin B1 and D1 expression, and an activation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that hypertonic conditions profoundly affect RPE cell gene transcription regulating cell proliferation by downregulation cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Arsenijevic
- Laboratory of Pathophysiological and Nutritional Biochemistry, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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Kdx1 regulates RCK1 gene expression by interacting with Rlm1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 435:350-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Casali CI, Weber K, Favale NO, Tome MCF. Environmental hyperosmolality regulates phospholipid biosynthesis in the renal epithelial cell line MDCK. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:677-691. [PMID: 23269393 PMCID: PMC3617943 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m031500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperosmolality is a key signal for renal physiology. On the one hand, it contributes to the differentiation of renal medullary structures and to the development of the urinary concentrating mechanism. On the other, it is a stress factor. In both cases, hyperosmolality activates processes that require an adequate extension of cellular membranes. In the present work, we examined whether hyperosmolality regulates phospholipid biosynthesis, which is needed for the membrane biogenesis in the renal epithelial cell line Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK). Because phospholipids are the structural determinants of all cell membranes, we evaluated their content, synthesis, and regulation in MDCK cultures subjected to different hyperosmotic concentrations of NaCl, urea, or both. Hyperosmolality increased phospholipid content in a concentration-dependent manner. Such an effect was exclusively due to changes in NaCl concentration and occurred at the initial stage of hyperosmolar treatment concomitantly with the expression of the osmoprotective protein COX-2. The hypertonic upregulation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, the main constituent of all cell membranes, involved the transcriptional activation of two main regulatory enzymes, choline kinase (CK) and cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα) and required ERK1/2 activation. Considering that physiologically, renal medullary cells are constantly exposed to high and variable NaCl, these findings could contribute to explaining how renal cells could maintain cellular integrity even in a nonfavorable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia I. Casali
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIFIB–CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina
| | - Karen Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIFIB–CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina
| | - Nicolás O. Favale
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIFIB–CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina
| | - María C. Fernández Tome
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, IQUIFIB–CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (C1113AAD), Argentina
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Activator and repressor functions of the Mot3 transcription factor in the osmostress response of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EUKARYOTIC CELL 2013; 12:636-47. [PMID: 23435728 DOI: 10.1128/ec.00037-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mot3 and Rox1 are transcriptional repressors of hypoxic genes. Both factors recently have been found to be involved in the adaptive response to hyperosmotic stress, with an important function in the adjustment of ergosterol biosynthesis. Here, we determine the gene expression profile of a mot3 rox1 double mutant under acute osmostress at the genomic scale in order to identify the target genes affected by both transcription factors upon stress. Unexpectedly, we find a specific subgroup of osmostress-inducible genes to be under positive control of Mot3. These Mot3-activated stress genes also depend on the general stress activators Msn2 and Msn4. We confirm that both Mot3 and Msn4 bind directly to some promoter regions of this gene group. Furthermore, osmostress-induced binding of the Msn2 and Msn4 factors to these target promoters is severely affected by the loss of Mot3 function. The genes repressed by Mot3 and Rox1 preferentially encode proteins of the cell wall and plasma membrane. Cell conjugation was the most significantly enriched biological process which was negatively regulated by both factors and by osmotic stress. The mating response was repressed by salt stress dependent on Mot3 and Rox1 function. Taking our findings together, the Mot3 transcriptional regulator has unanticipated diverse functions in the cellular adjustment to osmotic stress, including transcriptional activation and modulation of mating efficiency.
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Tomar N, Choudhury O, Chakrabarty A, De RK. An integrated pathway system modeling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae HOG pathway: a Petri net based approach. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1103-25. [PMID: 23086300 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2153-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biochemical networks comprise many diverse components and interactions between them. It has intracellular signaling, metabolic and gene regulatory pathways which are highly integrated and whose responses are elicited by extracellular actions. Previous modeling techniques mostly consider each pathway independently without focusing on the interrelation of these which actually functions as a single system. In this paper, we propose an approach of modeling an integrated pathway using an event-driven modeling tool, i.e., Petri nets (PNs). PNs have the ability to simulate the dynamics of the system with high levels of accuracy. The integrated set of signaling, regulatory and metabolic reactions involved in Saccharomyces cerevisiae's HOG pathway has been collected from the literature. The kinetic parameter values have been used for transition firings. The dynamics of the system has been simulated and the concentrations of major biological species over time have been observed. The phenotypic characteristics of the integrated system have been investigated under two conditions, viz., under the absence and presence of osmotic pressure. The results have been validated favorably with the existing experimental results. We have also compared our study with the study of idFBA (Lee et al., PLoS Comput Biol 4:e1000-e1086, 2008) and pointed out the differences between both studies. We have simulated and monitored concentrations of multiple biological entities over time and also incorporated feedback inhibition by Ptp2 which has not been included in the idFBA study. We have concluded that our study is the first to the best of our knowledge to model signaling, metabolic and regulatory events in an integrated form through PN model framework. This study is useful in computational simulation of system dynamics for integrated pathways as there are growing evidences that the malfunctioning of the interplay among these pathways is associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Tomar
- Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata, 700108, India.
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43
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Abstract
An appropriate response and adaptation to hyperosmolarity, i.e., an external osmolarity that is higher than the physiological range, can be a matter of life or death for all cells. It is especially important for free-living organisms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When exposed to hyperosmotic stress, the yeast initiates a complex adaptive program that includes temporary arrest of cell-cycle progression, adjustment of transcription and translation patterns, and the synthesis and retention of the compatible osmolyte glycerol. These adaptive responses are mostly governed by the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, which is composed of membrane-associated osmosensors, an intracellular signaling pathway whose core is the Hog1 MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade, and cytoplasmic and nuclear effector functions. The entire pathway is conserved in diverse fungal species, while the Hog1 MAPK cascade is conserved even in higher eukaryotes including humans. This conservation is illustrated by the fact that the mammalian stress-responsive p38 MAPK can rescue the osmosensitivity of hog1Δ mutations in response to hyperosmotic challenge. As the HOG pathway is one of the best-understood eukaryotic signal transduction pathways, it is useful not only as a model for analysis of osmostress responses, but also as a model for mathematical analysis of signal transduction pathways. In this review, we have summarized the current understanding of both the upstream signaling mechanism and the downstream adaptive responses to hyperosmotic stress in yeast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruo Saito
- Division of Molecular Cell Signaling, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8638, Japan, and
| | - Francesc Posas
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Duch A, de Nadal E, Posas F. The p38 and Hog1 SAPKs control cell cycle progression in response to environmental stresses. FEBS Lett 2012; 586:2925-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2012.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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45
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Fujisawa M, Tokuda M, Morimoto-Yamashita Y, Tatsuyama S, Arany S, Sugiyama T, Kitamura C, Shibukawa Y, Torii M. Hyperosmotic Stress Induces Cell Death in an Odontoblast-lineage Cell Line. J Endod 2012; 38:931-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Philp A, Hargreaves M, Baar K. More than a store: regulatory roles for glycogen in skeletal muscle adaptation to exercise. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E1343-51. [PMID: 22395109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00004.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The glycogen content of muscle determines not only our capacity for exercise but also the signaling events that occur in response to exercise. The result of the shift in signaling is that frequent training in a low-glycogen state results in improved fat oxidation during steady-state submaximal exercise. This review will discuss how the amount or localization of glycogen particles can directly or indirectly result in this differential response to training. The key direct effect discussed is carbohydrate binding, whereas the indirect effects include the metabolic shift toward fat oxidation, the increase in catecholamines, and osmotic stress. Although our understanding of the role of glycogen in response to training has expanded exponentially over the past 5 years, there are still many questions remaining as to how stored carbohydrate affects the muscular adaptation to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Philp
- Dept. of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California-Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Chen JS, Chen YH, Huang PH, Tsai HY, Chen YL, Lin SJ, Chen JW. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces high-glucose-induced endothelial adhesion by inhibiting the redox-dependent interleukin-6 pathways. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:49. [PMID: 22553973 PMCID: PMC3434011 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic elevation of glucose level activates vascular inflammation and increases endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes, an early sign of atherogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of high-glucose-induced endothelial inflammation, and to investigate the potential effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), an antioxidant herbal medicine, on such inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human aortic endothelial cells were cultured in high glucose or mannitol as osmotic control for 4 days. The expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules and the adhesiveness of endothelial cells to monocytes were examined. The effects of pretreatment of GBE or N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, were also investigated. RESULTS Either high glucose or mannitol significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, interleukin-6 secretion, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, as well as endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes. The high-glucose-induced endothelial adhesiveness was significantly reduced either by an anti-ICAM-1 antibody or by an interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody. Interleukin-6 (5 ng/ml) significantly increased endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Piceatannol, a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 inhibitor, but not fludarabine, a STAT1 inhibitor, suppressed high-glucose-induced ICAM-1 expression. Pretreatment with GBE or N-acetylcysteine inhibited high-glucose-induced ROS, interleukin-6 production, STAT1/3 activation, ICAM-1 expression, and endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Long-term presence of high glucose induced STAT3 mediated ICAM-1 dependent endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes via the osmotic-related redox-dependent interleukin-6 pathways. GBE reduced high-glucose-induced endothelial inflammation mainly by inhibiting interleukin-6 activation. Future study is indicated to validate the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory strategy targeting on interleukin-6 for endothelial protection in in vivo and clinical hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
Although the benefit of sirtuin activation in age-related diseases is well-characterized, the benefit of sirtuin activation in acute diseases has been elusive. Here we discuss that, at least in yeast, Sir2 activation prevents programmed cell death induced by the sustained activation of the stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) Hog1, the yeast homologue of the p38 SAPK. Sir2 prevents ROS formation and maximize cell survival upon SAPK activation. The conserved function of Sir2 in age-related diseases and the conserved role of SAPKs open the possibility of a novel role for sirtuins in cell fate determination in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Vendrell
- Cell Signaling Unit, Departament de Ciències Experimentals i de la Salut, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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49
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Hypertonic stress regulates amino acid transport and cell cycle proteins in chick embryo hepatocytes. Cell Biol Int 2012; 36:203-13. [PMID: 21906028 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperosmotic stress affects cell growth, decreasing cell volume and increasing the uptake of organic osmolytes. However, the sensitivity of embryonic cells to osmotic treatment remains to be established. We have analysed some aspects of cell-cycle control and amino-acid transport in hypertonic conditions during prenatal life. The effects of hyperosmotic stress on amino-acid uptake mediated by system A, (3)H-thymidine incorporation, and regulation of cell-cycle proteins were analysed in chick embryo hepatocytes. Hypertonic stress increased system A activity and caused cell-cycle delay. Effects on amino-acid transport involved p38 kinase activation and new carrier synthesis. Cyclin D1, cdk4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and PCNA (proliferating-cell nuclear antigen) levels decreased, whereas cyclin E, p21 and p53 levels were unchanged. Incorporation of (3)H-leucine indicated decreased synthesis of cyclin D1. In contrast, analysis of mRNA by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time PCR) showed a net increase of cyclin D1 transcripts, suggesting post-transcriptional regulation. The data show that chick embryo hepatocytes respond to hyperosmotic conditions by arresting cell growth to prevent DNA damage and increasing osmolyte uptake to regulate cell volume, indicating that the adaptive response to environmental stress exists during prenatal life.
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Barbosa AD, Graça J, Mendes V, Chaves SR, Amorim MA, Mendes MV, Moradas-Ferreira P, Côrte-Real M, Costa V. Activation of the Hog1p kinase in Isc1p-deficient yeast cells is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress sensitivity and premature aging. Mech Ageing Dev 2012; 133:317-30. [PMID: 22445853 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isc1p, an orthologue of mammalian neutral sphingomyelinase 2, plays a key role in mitochondrial function, oxidative stress resistance and chronological lifespan. Isc1p functions upstream of the ceramide-activated protein phosphatase Sit4p through the modulation of ceramide levels. Here, we show that both ceramide and loss of Isc1p lead to the activation of Hog1p, the MAPK of the high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway that is functionally related to mammalian p38 and JNK. The hydrogen peroxide sensitivity and premature aging of isc1Δ cells was partially suppressed by HOG1 deletion. Notably, Hog1p activation mediated the mitochondrial dysfunction and catalase A deficiency associated with oxidative stress sensitivity and premature aging of isc1Δ cells. Downstream of Hog1p, Isc1p deficiency activated the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway. Deletion of the SLT2 gene, which encodes for the MAPK of the CWI pathway, was lethal in isc1Δ cells and this mutant strain was hypersensitive to cell wall stress. However, the phenotypes of isc1Δ cells were not associated with cell wall defects. Our findings support a role for Hog1p in the regulation of mitochondrial function and suggest that constitutive activation of Hog1p is deleterious for isc1Δ cells under oxidative stress conditions and during chronological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- António Daniel Barbosa
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
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