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Yamaguchi H, Gomez RA, Sequeira-Lopez MLS. Renin Cells, From Vascular Development to Blood Pressure Sensing. Hypertension 2023; 80:1580-1589. [PMID: 37313725 PMCID: PMC10526986 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.20577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
During embryonic and neonatal life, renin cells contribute to the assembly and branching of the intrarenal arterial tree. During kidney arteriolar development renin cells are widely distributed throughout the renal vasculature. As the arterioles mature, renin cells differentiate into smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and mesangial cells. In adult life, renin cells are confined to the tips of the renal arterioles, thus their name juxtaglomerular cells. Juxtaglomerular cells are sensors that release renin to control blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. Three major mechanisms control renin release: (1) β-adrenergic stimulation, (2) macula densa signaling, and (3) the renin baroreceptor, whereby a decrease in arterial pressure leads to increased renin release whereas an increase in pressure results in decrease renin release. Cells from the renin lineage exhibit plasticity in response to hypotension or hypovolemia, whereas relentless, chronic stimulation induces concentric arterial and arteriolar hypertrophy, leading to focal renal ischemia. The renin cell baroreceptor is a nuclear mechanotransducer within the renin cell that transmits external forces to the chromatin to regulate Ren1 gene expression. In addition to mechanotransduction, the pressure sensor of the renin cell may enlist additional molecules and structures including soluble signals and membrane proteins such as gap junctions and ion channels. How these various components integrate their actions to deliver the exact amounts of renin to meet the organism needs is unknown. This review describes the nature and origins of renin cells, their role in kidney vascular development and arteriolar diseases, and the current understanding of the blood pressure sensing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Neyra JS, Medrano S, Goes Martini AD, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA. The role of Gata3 in renin cell identity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 325:F188-F198. [PMID: 37345845 PMCID: PMC10396225 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00098.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin cells are precursors for other cell types in the kidney and show high plasticity in postnatal life in response to challenges to homeostasis. Our previous single-cell RNA-sequencing studies revealed that the dual zinc-finger transcription factor Gata3, which is important for cell lineage commitment and differentiation, is expressed in mouse renin cells under normal conditions and homeostatic threats. We identified a potential Gata3-binding site upstream of the renin gene leading us to hypothesize that Gata3 is essential for renin cell identity. We studied adult mice with conditional deletion of Gata3 in renin cells: Gata3fl/fl;Ren1dCre/+ (Gata3-cKO) and control Gata3fl/fl;Ren1d+/+ counterparts. Gata3 immunostaining revealed that Gata3-cKO mice had significantly reduced Gata3 expression in juxtaglomerular, mesangial, and smooth muscle cells, indicating a high degree of deletion of Gata3 in renin lineage cells. Gata3-cKO mice exhibited a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen, suggesting hypovolemia and/or compromised renal function. By immunostaining, renin-expressing cells appeared very thin compared with their normal plump shape in control mice. Renin cells were ectopically localized to Bowman's capsule in some glomeruli, and there was aberrant expression of actin-α2 signals in the mesangium, interstitium, and Bowman's capsule in Gata3-cKO mice. Distal tubules showed dilated morphology with visible intraluminal casts. Under physiological threat, Gata3-cKO mice exhibited a lower increase in mRNA levels than controls. Hematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, and Masson's trichrome staining showed increased glomerular fusion, absent cubical epithelial cells in Bowman's capsule, intraglomerular aneurysms, and tubular dilation. In conclusion, our results indicate that Gata3 is crucial to the identity of cells of the renin lineage.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Gata3, a dual zinc-finger transcription factor, is responsible for the identity and localization of renin cells in the kidney. Mice with a conditional deletion of Gata3 in renin lineage cells have abnormal kidneys with juxtaglomerular cells that lose their characteristic location and are misplaced outside and around arterioles and glomeruli. The fundamental role of Gata3 in renin cell development offers a new model to understand how transcription factors control cell location, function, and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus S Neyra
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Silvia Medrano
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Alexandre De Goes Martini
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
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Yu J, Yu C, Bayliss G, Zhuang S. Protein arginine methyltransferases in renal development, injury, repair, and fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1123415. [PMID: 36817133 PMCID: PMC9935595 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1123415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) methylate a range of histone and non-histone substrates and participate in multiple biological processes by regulating gene transcription and post-translational modifications. To date, most studies on PRMTs have focused on their roles in tumors and in the physiological and pathological conditions of other organs. Emerging evidence indicates that PRMTs are expressed in the kidney and contribute to renal development, injury, repair, and fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the role and the mechanisms of PRMTs in regulating these renal processes and provide a perspective for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Georgia Bayliss
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Martini AG, Smith JP, Medrano S, Sheffield NC, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA. Determinants of renin cell differentiation: a single cell epi-transcriptomics approach. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.524595. [PMID: 36711565 PMCID: PMC9882312 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Renin cells are essential for survival. They control the morphogenesis of the kidney arterioles, and the composition and volume of our extracellular fluid, arterial blood pressure, tissue perfusion, and oxygen delivery. It is known that renin cells and associated arteriolar cells descend from FoxD1 + progenitor cells, yet renin cells remain challenging to study due in no small part to their rarity within the kidney. As such, the molecular mechanisms underlying the differentiation and maintenance of these cells remain insufficiently understood. Objective We sought to comprehensively evaluate the chromatin states and transcription factors (TFs) that drive the differentiation of FoxD1 + progenitor cells into those that compose the kidney vasculature with a focus on renin cells. Methods and Results We isolated single nuclei of FoxD1 + progenitor cells and their descendants from FoxD1 cre/+ ; R26R-mTmG mice at embryonic day 12 (E12) (n cells =1234), embryonic day 18 (E18) (n cells =3696), postnatal day 5 (P5) (n cells =1986), and postnatal day 30 (P30) (n cells =1196). Using integrated scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq we established the developmental trajectory that leads to the mosaic of cells that compose the kidney arterioles, and specifically identified the factors that determine the elusive, myo-endocrine adult renin-secreting juxtaglomerular (JG) cell. We confirm the role of Nfix in JG cell development and renin expression, and identified the myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2) family of TFs as putative drivers of JG cell differentiation. Conclusions We provide the first developmental trajectory of renin cell differentiation as they become JG cells in a single-cell atlas of kidney vascular open chromatin and highlighted novel factors important for their stage-specific differentiation. This improved understanding of the regulatory landscape of renin expressing JG cells is necessary to better learn the control and function of this rare cell population as overactivation or aberrant activity of the RAS is a key factor in cardiovascular and kidney pathologies.
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Donnan MD, Deb DK, Onay T, Scott RP, Ni E, Zhou Y, Quaggin SE. Formation of the glomerular microvasculature is regulated by VEGFR-3. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2023; 324:F91-F105. [PMID: 36395385 PMCID: PMC9836230 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00066.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular dysfunction is a key driver of kidney disease. Pathophysiological changes in the kidney vasculature are regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), supporting them as potential therapeutic targets. The tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR-3, encoded by FLT4 and activated by the ligands VEGF-C and VEGF-D, is best known for its role in lymphangiogenesis. Therapeutically targeting VEGFR-3 to modulate lymphangiogenesis has been proposed as a strategy to treat kidney disease. However, outside the lymphatics, VEGFR-3 is also expressed in blood vascular endothelial cells in several tissues including the kidney. Here, we show that Vegfr-3 is expressed in fenestrated microvascular beds within the developing and adult mouse kidney, which include the glomerular capillary loops. We found that expression levels of VEGFR-3 are dynamic during glomerular capillary loop development, with the highest expression observed during endothelial cell migration into the S-shaped glomerular body. We developed a conditional knockout mouse model for Vegfr-3 and found that loss of Vegfr-3 resulted in a striking glomerular phenotype characterized by aneurysmal dilation of capillary loops, absence of mesangial structure, abnormal interendothelial cell junctions, and poor attachment between glomerular endothelial cells and the basement membrane. In addition, we demonstrated that expression of the VEGFR-3 ligand VEGF-C by podocytes and mesangial cells is dispensable for glomerular development. Instead, VEGFR-3 in glomerular endothelial cells attenuates VEGFR-2 phosphorylation. Together, the results of our study support a VEGF-C-independent functional role for VEGFR-3 in the kidney microvasculature outside of lymphatic vessels, which has implications for clinical therapies that target this receptor.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Targeting VEGFR-3 in kidney lymphatics has been proposed as a method to treat kidney disease. However, expression of VEGFR-3 is not lymphatic-specific. We demonstrated developmental expression of VEGFR-3 in glomerular endothelial cells, with loss of Vegfr-3 leading to malformation of glomerular capillary loops. Furthermore, we showed that VEGFR-3 attenuates VEGFR-2 activity in glomerular endothelial cells independent of paracrine VEGF-C signaling. Together, these data provide valuable information for therapeutic development targeting these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Donnan
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dilip K Deb
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rizaldy P Scott
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eric Ni
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Greensburg, Pennsylvania
| | - Yalu Zhou
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
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Finer G, Maezawa Y, Ide S, Onay T, Souma T, Scott R, Liang X, Zhao X, Gadhvi G, Winter DR, Quaggin SE, Hayashida T. Stromal Transcription Factor 21 Regulates Development of the Renal Stroma via Interaction with Wnt/ β-Catenin Signaling. KIDNEY360 2022; 3:1228-1241. [PMID: 35919523 PMCID: PMC9337899 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0005572021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Kidney formation requires coordinated interactions between multiple cell types. Input from the interstitial progenitor cells is implicated in multiple aspects of kidney development. We previously reported that transcription factor 21 (Tcf21) is required for ureteric bud branching. Here, we show that Tcf21 in Foxd1+ interstitial progenitors regulates stromal formation and differentiation via interaction with β-catenin. Methods We utilized the Foxd1Cre;Tcf21f/f murine kidney for morphologic analysis. We used the murine clonal mesenchymal cell lines MK3/M15 to study Tcf21 interaction with Wnt/β-catenin. Results Absence of Tcf21 from Foxd1+ stromal progenitors caused a decrease in stromal cell proliferation, leading to marked reduction of the medullary stromal space. Lack of Tcf21 in the Foxd1+ stromal cells also led to defective differentiation of interstitial cells to smooth-muscle cells, perivascular pericytes, and mesangial cells. Foxd1Cre;Tcf21f/f kidney showed an abnormal pattern of the renal vascular tree. The stroma of Foxd1Cre;Tcf21f/f kidney demonstrated marked reduction in β-catenin protein expression compared with wild type. Tcf21 was bound to β-catenin both upon β-catenin stabilization and at basal state as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation in vitro. In MK3/M15 metanephric mesenchymal cells, Tcf21 enhanced TCF/LEF promoter activity upon β-catenin stabilization, whereas DNA-binding deficient mutated Tcf21 did not enhance TCF/LEF promoter activity. Kidney explants of Foxd1Cre;Tcf21f/f showed low mRNA expression of stromal Wnt target genes. Treatment of the explants with CHIR, a Wnt ligand mimetic, restored Wnt target gene expression. Here, we also corroborated previous evidence that normal development of the kidney stroma is required for normal development of the Six2+ nephron progenitor cells, loop of Henle, and the collecting ducts. Conclusions These findings suggest that stromal Tcf21 facilitates medullary stroma development by enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and promotes stromal cell proliferation and differentiation. Stromal Tcf21 is also required for the development of the adjacent nephron epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Finer
- Division of Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shintaro Ide
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tuncer Onay
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tomokazu Souma
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rizaldy Scott
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Division of Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- Division of Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gaurav Gadhvi
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deborah R. Winter
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular and Renal Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
- Division of Nephrology/Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Tomoko Hayashida
- Division of Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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7
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Lin H, Geurts F, Hassler L, Batlle D, Mirabito Colafella KM, Denton KM, Zhuo JL, Li XC, Ramkumar N, Koizumi M, Matsusaka T, Nishiyama A, Hoogduijn MJ, Hoorn EJ, Danser AHJ. Kidney Angiotensin in Cardiovascular Disease: Formation and Drug Targeting. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:462-505. [PMID: 35710133 PMCID: PMC9553117 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of local formation of angiotensin II in the kidney has changed over the last 10-15 years. Local synthesis of angiotensinogen in the proximal tubule has been proposed, combined with prorenin synthesis in the collecting duct. Binding of prorenin via the so-called (pro)renin receptor has been introduced, as well as megalin-mediated uptake of filtered plasma-derived renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components. Moreover, angiotensin metabolites other than angiotensin II [notably angiotensin-(1-7)] exist, and angiotensins exert their effects via three different receptors, of which angiotensin II type 2 and Mas receptors are considered renoprotective, possibly in a sex-specific manner, whereas angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptors are believed to be deleterious. Additionally, internalized angiotensin II may stimulate intracellular receptors. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) not only generates angiotensin-(1-7) but also acts as coronavirus receptor. Multiple, if not all, cardiovascular diseases involve the kidney RAS, with renal AT1 receptors often being claimed to exert a crucial role. Urinary RAS component levels, depending on filtration, reabsorption, and local release, are believed to reflect renal RAS activity. Finally, both existing drugs (RAS inhibitors, cyclooxygenase inhibitors) and novel drugs (angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors, sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors, soluble ACE2) affect renal angiotensin formation, thereby displaying cardiovascular efficacy. Particular in the case of the latter three, an important question is to what degree they induce renoprotection (e.g., in a renal RAS-dependent manner). This review provides a unifying view, explaining not only how kidney angiotensin formation occurs and how it is affected by drugs but also why drugs are renoprotective when altering the renal RAS. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Angiotensin formation in the kidney is widely accepted but little understood, and multiple, often contrasting concepts have been put forward over the last two decades. This paper offers a unifying view, simultaneously explaining how existing and novel drugs exert renoprotection by interfering with kidney angiotensin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lin
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Frank Geurts
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Luise Hassler
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Kate M Denton
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Jia L Zhuo
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Xiao C Li
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Nirupama Ramkumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Masahiro Koizumi
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Taiji Matsusaka
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Martin J Hoogduijn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine (H.L., A.H.J.D.) and Division of Nephrology and Transplantation (F.G., M.J.H., E.J.H.), Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois (L.H., D.B.); Monash University, Melbourne, Australia (K.M.M.C., K.M.D.); Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana (J.L.Z., X.C.L.); Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah (N.R.); Division of Nephrology, Endocrinology, and Metabolism (M.K.) and Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Basic Medicine (M.K., T.M.), Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan; and Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Japan (A.N.)
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8
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Comparative whole-genome transcriptome analysis in renal cell populations reveals high tissue specificity of MAPK/ERK targets in embryonic kidney. BMC Biol 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35550069 PMCID: PMC9102746 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MAPK/ERK signaling is a well-known mediator of extracellular stimuli controlling intracellular responses to growth factors and mechanical cues. The critical requirement of MAPK/ERK signaling for embryonic stem cell maintenance is demonstrated, but specific functions in progenitor regulation during embryonic development, and in particular kidney development remain largely unexplored. We previously demonstrated MAPK/ERK signaling as a key regulator of kidney growth through branching morphogenesis and normal nephrogenesis where it also regulates progenitor expansion. Here, we performed RNA sequencing-based whole-genome expression analysis to identify transcriptional MAPK/ERK targets in two distinct renal populations: the ureteric bud epithelium and the nephron progenitors. Results Our analysis revealed a large number (5053) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nephron progenitors and significantly less (1004) in ureteric bud epithelium, reflecting likely heterogenicity of cell types. The data analysis identified high tissue-specificity, as only a fraction (362) of MAPK/ERK targets are shared between the two tissues. Tissue-specific MAPK/ERK targets participate in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in nephron progenitors, which fail to maintain normal mitochondria numbers in the MAPK/ERK-deficient tissue. In the ureteric bud epithelium, a dramatic decline in progenitor-specific gene expression was detected with a simultaneous increase in differentiation-associated genes, which was not observed in nephron progenitors. Our experiments in the genetic model of MAPK/ERK deficiency provide evidence that MAPK/ERK signaling in the ureteric bud maintains epithelial cells in an undifferentiated state. Interestingly, the transcriptional targets shared between the two tissues studied are over-represented by histone genes, suggesting that MAPK/ERK signaling regulates cell cycle progression and stem cell maintenance through chromosome condensation and nucleosome assembly. Conclusions Using tissue-specific MAPK/ERK inactivation and RNA sequencing in combination with experimentation in embryonic kidneys, we demonstrate here that MAPK/ERK signaling maintains ureteric bud tip cells, suggesting a regulatory role in collecting duct progenitors. We additionally deliver new mechanistic information on how MAPK/ERK signaling regulates progenitor maintenance through its effects on chromatin accessibility and energy metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01309-z.
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9
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Hoffmann S, Mullins L, Rider S, Brown C, Buckley CB, Assmus A, Li Z, Sierra Beltran M, Henderson N, Del Pozo J, De Goes Martini A, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA, Mullins J. Comparative Studies of Renin-Null Zebrafish and Mice Provide New Functional Insights. Hypertension 2022; 79:e56-e66. [PMID: 35000430 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.18600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The renin-angiotensin system is highly conserved across vertebrates, including zebrafish, which possess orthologous genes coding for renin-angiotensin system proteins, and specialized mural cells of the kidney arterioles, capable of synthesising and secreting renin. METHODS We generated zebrafish with CRISPR-Cas9-targeted knockout of renin (ren-/-) to investigate renin function in a low blood pressure environment. We used single-cell (10×) RNA sequencing analysis to compare the transcriptome profiles of renin lineage cells from mesonephric kidneys of ren-/- with ren+/+ zebrafish and with the metanephric kidneys of Ren1c-/- and Ren1c+/+ mice. RESULTS The ren-/- larvae exhibited delays in larval growth, glomerular fusion and appearance of a swim bladder, but were viable and withstood low salinity during early larval stages. Optogenetic ablation of renin-expressing cells, located at the anterior mesenteric artery of 3-day-old larvae, caused a loss of tone, due to diminished contractility. The ren-/- mesonephric kidney exhibited vacuolated cells in the proximal tubule, which were also observed in Ren1c-/- mouse kidney. Fluorescent reporters for renin and smooth muscle actin (tg(ren:LifeAct-RFP; acta2:EGFP)), revealed a dramatic recruitment of renin lineage cells along the renal vasculature of adult ren-/- fish, suggesting a continued requirement for renin, in the absence of detectable angiotensin metabolites, as seen in the Ren1YFP Ren1c-/- mouse. Both phenotypes were rescued by alleles lacking the potential for glycosylation at exon 2, suggesting that glycosylation is not essential for normal physiological function. CONCLUSIONS Phenotypic similarities and transcriptional variations between mouse and zebrafish renin knockouts suggests evolution of renin cell function with terrestrial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hoffmann
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastien Rider
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Now with DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | - Cara Brown
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte B Buckley
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Now with Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom (C.B.B.)
| | - Adrienne Assmus
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ziwen Li
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana Sierra Beltran
- Centre for Inflammation Research (M.S.B., N.H.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research (M.S.B., N.H.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom (N.H.)
| | - Jorge Del Pozo
- Veterinary Pathology, Royal (Dick)School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, United Kingdom (J.d.P.)
| | - Alexandre De Goes Martini
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.D.G.M., M.L.S.S.-L., R.A.G.)
| | - Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.D.G.M., M.L.S.S.-L., R.A.G.)
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (A.D.G.M., M.L.S.S.-L., R.A.G.)
| | - John Mullins
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science (S.H., L.M., S.R., C.B., C.B.B., A.A., Z.L., J.M.), The Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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10
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Neder TH, Schrankl J, Fuchs MAA, Broeker KAE, Wagner C. Endothelin receptors in renal interstitial cells do not contribute to the development of fibrosis during experimental kidney disease. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1667-1683. [PMID: 34355294 PMCID: PMC8433107 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is characterized by the development of myofibroblasts, originating from resident renal and immigrating cells. Myofibroblast formation and extracellular matrix production during kidney damage are triggered by various factors. Among these, endothelins have been discussed as potential modulators of renal fibrosis. Utilizing mouse models of adenine nephropathy (AN) and unilateral ureter occlusion (UUO), this study aimed to investigate the contribution of endothelin signaling in stromal mesenchymal resident renal interstitial cells. We found in controls that adenine feeding and UUO caused marked upregulations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene expression in endothelial and in tubular cells and a strong upregulation of ETA-receptor (ETA-R) gene expression in interstitial and mesangial cells, while the gene expression of ETB-receptor (ETB-R) did not change. Conditional deletion of ETA-R and ETB-R gene expression in the FoxD1 stromal cell compartment which includes interstitial cells significantly reduced renal ETA-R gene expression and moderately lowered renal ETB-R gene expression. ET receptor (ET-R) deletion exerted no apparent effects on kidney development nor on kidney function. Adenine feeding and UUO led to similar increases in profibrotic and proinflammatory gene expression in control as well as in ETAflflETBflfl FoxD1Cre+ mice (ET-Ko). In summary, our findings suggest that adenine feeding and UUO activate endothelin signaling in interstitial cells which is due to upregulated ETA-R expression and enhanced renal ET-1 production Our data also suggest that the activation of endothelin signaling in interstitial cells has less impact for the development of experimentally induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas H Neder
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julia Schrankl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michaela A A Fuchs
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katharina A E Broeker
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, D-93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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11
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Kessel F, Steglich A, Hickmann L, Lira-Martinez R, Gerlach M, Sequeira-Lopez ML, Gomez RA, Hugo C, Todorov VT. Patterns of differentiation of renin lineage cells during nephrogenesis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F378-F388. [PMID: 34338032 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00151.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmentally heterogeneous renin expressing cells serve as progenitors for mural, glomerular and tubular cells during nephrogenesis and are collectively termed renin lineage cells (RLCs). In this study, we quantified different renal vascular and tubular cell types based on specific markers, assessed proliferation, and de-novo differentiation in the RLC population. We used kidney sections of mRenCre-mT/mG mice throughout nephrogenesis. Marker positivity was evaluated in whole digitalized sections. At embryonic day 16, RLCs appeared in the developing kidney, and expression of all stained markers in RLCs was observed. The proliferation rate of RLCs did not differ from the proliferation rate of non-RLCs. The RLCs expanded mainly by de-novo differentiation (neogenesis). The fractions of RLCs originating from the stromal progenitors of the metanephric mesenchyme (renin producing cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, mesangial cells) decreased during nephrogenesis. In contrast, aquaporin 2 positive RLCs in the collecting duct system that embryonically emerges almost exclusively from the ureteric bud, expanded postpartum. The cubilin positive RLC fraction in the proximal tubule, deriving from the cap mesenchyme, remained constant. During nephrogenesis, RLCs were continuously detectable in the vascular and tubular compartments of the kidney. Therein, various patterns of RLC differentiation that depend on the embryonic origin of the cells were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Kessel
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Steglich
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hickmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Institute of Physiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ricardo Lira-Martinez
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Gerlach
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Core Facility Cellular Imaging (CFCI), University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus at the Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Luisa Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Christian Hugo
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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12
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FOXD1 expression in head and neck squamous carcinoma: a study based on TCGA, GEO and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:229252. [PMID: 34269372 PMCID: PMC8319493 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20210158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) is a new member of FOX transcription factor family. FOXD1 has demonstrated multi-level roles during normal development and several diseases' pathogenesis. However, litter is known about the role of FOXD1 in the progression of head and neck squamous cancer (HNSC). In the present study, we analyzed FOXD1 expression pattern using TCGA dataset, GEO datasets, HNSC cell lines and HNSC tissues. Then, we analyzed the correlation between FOXD1 expression and clinical characteristics, and evaluated the prognostic value of FOXD1 in HNSC. Moreover, we assessed the relationship between FOXD1 expression and tumor environment (TME) and immune cell infiltration using ESTIMATE and CIBERSORT algorithms. Finally, we predicted the FOXD1-related biological processes and signal pathways. FOXD1 was up-regulated in HNSC tissues in TCGA datasets, validated by GEO datasets, HNSC cell lines and HNSC tissues. FOXD1 expression was significantly associated with tumor site and HPV infection. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that FOXD1 expression was an independent prognostic factor. Moreover, we found that the proportions of naïve B cells, plasma cells, and resting dendritic cells were negatively correlated with FOXD1 expression, otherwise, the proportion of activated mast cells was positively correlated with FOXD1 expression using CIBERSORT algorithm. GSEA analyses revealed that FOXD1 was mainly involved in cancer-related signaling pathway and metabolism-related pathways. FOXD1 was a potential oncogene, and might represent an indicator for predicting overall survival of HNSC patients. Moreover, many cancer-related pathways and metabolism-related processes may be regulated by FOXD1.
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13
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Abstract
Renin cells are essential for survival perfected throughout evolution to ensure normal development and defend the organism against a variety of homeostatic threats. During embryonic and early postnatal life, they are progenitors that participate in the morphogenesis of the renal arterial tree. In adult life, they are capable of regenerating injured glomeruli, control blood pressure, fluid-electrolyte balance, tissue perfusion, and in turn, the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to cells. Throughout life, renin cell descendants retain the plasticity or memory to regain the renin phenotype when homeostasis is threatened. To perform all of these functions and maintain well-being, renin cells must regulate their identity and fate. Here, we review the major mechanisms that control the differentiation and fate of renin cells, the chromatin events that control the memory of the renin phenotype, and the major pathways that determine their plasticity. We also examine how chronic stimulation of renin cells alters their fate leading to the development of a severe and concentric hypertrophy of the intrarenal arteries and arterioles. Lastly, we provide examples of additional changes in renin cell fate that contribute to equally severe kidney disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
- Departments of Pediatrics an Biology, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Departments of Pediatrics an Biology, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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14
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Belyea BC, Santiago AE, Vasconez WA, Nagalakshmi VK, Xu F, Mehalic TC, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA. A primitive type of renin-expressing lymphocyte protects the organism against infections. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7251. [PMID: 33790364 PMCID: PMC8012387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86629-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone renin plays a crucial role in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. Normally, renin is synthesized by juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, a specialized group of myoepithelial cells located near the entrance to the kidney glomeruli. In response to low blood pressure and/or a decrease in extracellular fluid volume (as it occurs during dehydration, hypotension, or septic shock) JG cells respond by releasing renin to the circulation to reestablish homeostasis. Interestingly, renin-expressing cells also exist outside of the kidney, where their function has remained a mystery. We discovered a unique type of renin-expressing B-1 lymphocyte that may have unrecognized roles in defending the organism against infections. These cells synthesize renin, entrap and phagocyte bacteria and control bacterial growth. The ability of renin-bearing lymphocytes to control infections-which is enhanced by the presence of renin-adds a novel, previously unsuspected dimension to the defense role of renin-expressing cells, linking the endocrine control of circulatory homeostasis with the immune control of infections to ensure survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Belyea
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Araceli E Santiago
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Wilson A Vasconez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vidya K Nagalakshmi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Theodore C Mehalic
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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15
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Abstract
The kidney plays an integral role in filtering the blood-removing metabolic by-products from the body and regulating blood pressure. This requires the establishment of large numbers of efficient and specialized blood filtering units (nephrons) that incorporate a system for vascular exchange and nutrient reabsorption as well as a collecting duct system to remove waste (urine) from the body. Kidney development is a dynamic process which generates these structures through a delicately balanced program of self-renewal and commitment of nephron progenitor cells that inhabit a constantly evolving cellular niche at the tips of a branching ureteric "tree." The former cells build the nephrons and the latter the collecting duct system. Maintaining these processes across fetal development is critical for establishing the normal "endowment" of nephrons in the kidney and perturbations to this process are associated both with mutations in integral genes and with alterations to the fetal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Smyth
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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16
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Li H, Hohenstein P, Kuure S. Embryonic Kidney Development, Stem Cells and the Origin of Wilms Tumor. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020318. [PMID: 33672414 PMCID: PMC7926385 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The adult mammalian kidney is a poorly regenerating organ that lacks the stem cells that could replenish functional homeostasis similarly to, e.g., skin or the hematopoietic system. Unlike a mature kidney, the embryonic kidney hosts at least three types of lineage-specific stem cells that give rise to (a) a ureter and collecting duct system, (b) nephrons, and (c) mesangial cells together with connective tissue of the stroma. Extensive interest has been raised towards these embryonic progenitor cells, which are normally lost before birth in humans but remain part of the undifferentiated nephrogenic rests in the pediatric renal cancer Wilms tumor. Here, we discuss the current understanding of kidney-specific embryonic progenitor regulation in the innate environment of the developing kidney and the types of disruptions in their balanced regulation that lead to the formation of Wilms tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Peter Hohenstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Satu Kuure
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- GM-Unit, Laboratory Animal Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +358-2941-59395
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17
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DeLalio LJ, Masati E, Mendu S, Ruddiman CA, Yang Y, Johnstone SR, Milstein JA, Keller TCS, Weaver RB, Guagliardo NA, Best AK, Ravichandran KS, Bayliss DA, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Sonkusare SN, Shu XH, Desai B, Barrett PQ, Le TH, Gomez RA, Isakson BE. Pannexin 1 channels in renin-expressing cells influence renin secretion and blood pressure homeostasis. Kidney Int 2020; 98:630-644. [PMID: 32446934 PMCID: PMC7483468 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kidney function and blood pressure homeostasis are regulated by purinergic signaling mechanisms. These autocrine/paracrine signaling pathways are initiated by the release of cellular ATP, which influences kidney hemodynamics and steady-state renin secretion from juxtaglomerular cells. However, the mechanism responsible for ATP release that supports tonic inputs to juxtaglomerular cells and regulates renin secretion remains unclear. Pannexin 1 (Panx1) channels localize to both afferent arterioles and juxtaglomerular cells and provide a transmembrane conduit for ATP release and ion permeability in the kidney and the vasculature. We hypothesized that Panx1 channels in renin-expressing cells regulate renin secretion in vivo. Using a renin cell-specific Panx1 knockout model, we found that male Panx1 deficient mice exhibiting a heightened activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system have markedly increased plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations, and elevated mean arterial pressure with altered peripheral hemodynamics. Following ovariectomy, female mice mirrored the male phenotype. Furthermore, constitutive Panx1 channel activity was observed in As4.1 renin-secreting cells, whereby Panx1 knockdown reduced extracellular ATP accumulation, lowered basal intracellular calcium concentrations and recapitulated a hyper-secretory renin phenotype. Moreover, in response to stress stimuli that lower blood pressure, Panx1-deficient mice exhibited aberrant "renin recruitment" as evidenced by reactivation of renin expression in pre-glomerular arteriolar smooth muscle cells. Thus, renin-cell Panx1 channels suppress renin secretion and influence adaptive renin responses when blood pressure homeostasis is threatened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon J DeLalio
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ester Masati
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Suresh Mendu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire A Ruddiman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Scott R Johnstone
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jenna A Milstein
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - T C Stevenson Keller
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Rachel B Weaver
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Nick A Guagliardo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Angela K Best
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Maria Luisa S Sequeira-Lopez
- Pediatric Center of Excellence in Nephrology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Swapnil N Sonkusare
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Xiaohong H Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bimal Desai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Paula Q Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Thu H Le
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - R Ariel Gomez
- Pediatric Center of Excellence in Nephrology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Brant E Isakson
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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18
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Martinez MF, Martini AG, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA. Ctcf is required for renin expression and maintenance of the structural integrity of the kidney. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1763-1774. [PMID: 32619009 PMCID: PMC7881370 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Renin cells are crucial for the regulation of blood pressure and fluid electrolyte homeostasis. We have recently shown that renin cells possess unique chromatin features at regulatory regions throughout the genome that may determine the identity and memory of the renin phenotype. The 3-D structure of chromatin may be equally important in the determination of cell identity and fate. CCCTC-binding factor (Ctcf) is a highly conserved chromatin organizer that may regulate the renin phenotype by controlling chromatin structure. We found that Ctcf binds at several conserved DNA sites surrounding and within the renin locus, suggesting that Ctcf may regulate the transcriptional activity of renin cells. In fact, deletion of Ctcf in cells of the renin lineage led to decreased endowment of renin-expressing cells accompanied by decreased circulating renin, hypotension, and severe morphological abnormalities of the kidney, including defects in arteriolar branching, and ultimately renal failure. We conclude that control of chromatin architecture by Ctcf is necessary for the appropriate expression of renin, control of renin cell number and structural integrity of the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Florencia Martinez
- Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
| | - Alexandre G. Martini
- Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
| | - Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
- Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
| | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Child Health Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, 22908. United States
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19
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Khoshdel Rad N, Aghdami N, Moghadasali R. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Development: From the Embryo to the Kidney Organoid. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:183. [PMID: 32266264 PMCID: PMC7105577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the metanephric kidney is strongly dependent on complex signaling pathways and cell-cell communication between at least four major progenitor cell populations (ureteric bud, nephron, stromal, and endothelial progenitors) in the nephrogenic zone. In recent years, the improvement of human-PSC-derived kidney organoids has opened new avenues of research on kidney development, physiology, and diseases. Moreover, the kidney organoids provide a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model for the study of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in the developing kidney. In vitro re-creation of a higher-order and vascularized kidney with all of its complexity is a challenging issue; however, some progress has been made in the past decade. This review focuses on major signaling pathways and transcription factors that have been identified which coordinate cell fate determination required for kidney development. We discuss how an extensive knowledge of these complex biological mechanisms translated into the dish, thus allowed the establishment of 3D human-PSC-derived kidney organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloofar Khoshdel Rad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Moghadasali
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Showmaker KC, Cobb MB, Johnson AC, Yang W, Garrett MR. Whole genome sequencing and novel candidate genes for CAKUT and altered nephrogenesis in the HSRA rat. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:56-70. [PMID: 31841396 PMCID: PMC6985787 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00112.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The HSRA rat is a model of congenital abnormalities of the kidney and urogenital tract (CAKUT). Our laboratory has used this model to investigate the role of nephron number (functional unit of the kidney) in susceptibility to develop kidney disease as 50-75% offspring are born with a single kidney (HSRA-S), while 25-50% are born with two kidneys (HSRA-C). HSRA-S rats develop increased kidney injury and hypertension with age compared with nephrectomized two-kidney animals (HSRA-UNX), suggesting that even slight differences in nephron number can be an important driver in decline in kidney function. The HSRA rat was selected and inbred from a family of outbred heterogeneous stock (NIH-HS) rats that exhibited a high incidence of CAKUT. The HS model was originally developed from eight inbred strains (ACI, BN, BUF, F344, M520, MR, WKY, and WN). The genetic make-up of the HSRA is therefore a mosaic of these eight inbred strains. Interestingly, the ACI progenitor of the HS model exhibits CAKUT in 10-15% of offspring with the genetic cause being attributed to the presence of a long-term repeat (LTR) within exon 1 of the c-Kit gene. Our hypothesis is that the HSRA and ACI share this common genetic cause, but other alleles in the HSRA genome contribute to the increased penetrance of CAKUT (75% HSRA vs. 15% in ACI). To facilitate genetic studies and better characterize the model, we sequenced the whole genome of the HSRA to a depth of ~50×. A genome-wide variant analysis of high-impact variants identified a number of novel genes that could be linked to CAKUT in the HSRA model. In summary, the identification of new genes/modifiers that lead to CAKUT/loss of one kidney in the HSRA model will provide greater insight into association between kidney development and susceptibility to develop cardiovascular disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt C Showmaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Meredith B Cobb
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Ashley C Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Wenyu Yang
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
- Department of Medicine (Nephrology), University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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21
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Steglich A, Hickmann L, Linkermann A, Bornstein S, Hugo C, Todorov VT. Beyond the Paradigm: Novel Functions of Renin-Producing Cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 177:53-81. [PMID: 32691160 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The juxtaglomerular renin-producing cells (RPC) of the kidney are referred to as the major source of circulating renin. Renin is the limiting factor in renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which represents a proteolytic cascade in blood plasma that plays a central role in the regulation of blood pressure. Further cells disseminated in the entire organism express renin at a low level as part of tissue RASs, which are thought to locally modulate the effects of systemic RAS. In recent years, it became increasingly clear that the renal RPC are involved in developmental, physiological, and pathophysiological processes outside RAS. Based on recent experimental evidence, a novel concept emerges postulating that next to their traditional role, the RPC have non-canonical RAS-independent progenitor and renoprotective functions. Moreover, the RPC are part of a widespread renin lineage population, which may act as a global stem cell pool coordinating homeostatic, stress, and regenerative responses throughout the organism. This review focuses on the RAS-unrelated functions of RPC - a dynamic research area that increasingly attracts attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Steglich
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Linda Hickmann
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vladimir T Todorov
- Experimental Nephrology, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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22
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Li CH, Chang YC, Hsiao M, Liang SM. FOXD1 and Gal-3 Form a Positive Regulatory Loop to Regulate Lung Cancer Aggressiveness. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121897. [PMID: 31795213 PMCID: PMC6966623 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of forkhead box D1 (FOXD1) is known to promote tumor progression; however, its molecular mechanism of action is unclear. Based on microarray analysis, we identified galectin-3/LGALS3 (Gal-3) as a potential downstream target of FOXD1, as FOXD1 transactivated Gal-3 by interacting with the Gal-3 promoter to upregulate Gal-3 in FOXD1-overexpressing CL1-0 lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of FOXD1 increased the expression of Gal-3 and the growth and motility of lung cancer cells, whereas depletion of Gal-3 attenuated FOXD1-mediated tumorigenesis. ERK1/2 interacted with FOXD1 in the cytosol and translocated FOXD1 into the nucleus to activate Gal-3. Gal-3 in turn upregulated FOXD1 via the transcription factor proto-oncogene 1 (ETS-1) to transactivate FOXD1. The increase in ETS-1/FOXD1 expression by Gal-3 was through Gal-3-mediated integrin-β1 (ITGβ1) signaling. The overexpression of both FOXD1 and Gal-3 form a positive regulatory loop to promote lung cancer aggressiveness. Moreover, both FOXD1 and Gal-3 were positively correlated in human lung cancer tissues. Our findings demonstrated that FOXD1 and Gal-3 form a positive feedback loop in lung cancer, and interference of this loop may serve as an effective therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancers, particularly those related to dysregulation of Gal-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsiu Li
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chan Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan;
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-227-871-243 (M.H.); +886-227-872-082 (S.-M.L.)
| | - Shu-Mei Liang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.H.); (S.-M.L.); Tel.: +886-227-871-243 (M.H.); +886-227-872-082 (S.-M.L.)
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23
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Saleem M, Hodgkinson CP, Xiao L, Gimenez-Bastida JA, Rasmussen ML, Foss J, Payne AJ, Mirotsou M, Gama V, Dzau VJ, Gomez JA. Sox6 as a new modulator of renin expression in the kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 318:F285-F297. [PMID: 31760770 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00095.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, major sources of renin, differentiate from metanephric mesenchymal cells that give rise to JG cells or a subset of smooth muscle cells of the renal afferent arteriole. During periods of dehydration and salt deprivation, renal mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) differentiate from JG cells. JG cells undergo expansion and smooth muscle cells redifferentiate to express renin along the afferent arteriole. Gene expression profiling comparing resident renal MSCs with JG cells indicates that the transcription factor Sox6 is highly expressed in JG cells in the adult kidney. In vitro, loss of Sox6 expression reduces differentiation of renal MSCs to renin-producing cells. In vivo, Sox6 expression is upregulated after a low-Na+ diet and furosemide. Importantly, knockout of Sox6 in Ren1d+ cells halts the increase in renin-expressing cells normally seen during a low-Na+ diet and furosemide as well as the typical increase in renin. Furthermore, Sox6 ablation in renin-expressing cells halts the recruitment of smooth muscle cells along the afferent arteriole, which normally express renin under these conditions. These results support a previously undefined role for Sox6 in renin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleem
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Conrad P Hodgkinson
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Juan A Gimenez-Bastida
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Megan L Rasmussen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jason Foss
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alan J Payne
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Maria Mirotsou
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Vivian Gama
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Victor J Dzau
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jose A Gomez
- Department of Medicine/Clinical Pharmacology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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24
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Grigorieva IV, Oszwald A, Grigorieva EF, Schachner H, Neudert B, Ostendorf T, Floege J, Lindenmeyer MT, Cohen CD, Panzer U, Aigner C, Schmidt A, Grosveld F, Thakker RV, Rees AJ, Kain R. A Novel Role for GATA3 in Mesangial Cells in Glomerular Development and Injury. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:1641-1658. [PMID: 31405951 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2018111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND GATA3 is a dual-zinc finger transcription factor that regulates gene expression in many developing tissues. In the kidney, GATA3 is essential for ureteric bud branching, and mice without it fail to develop kidneys. In humans, autosomal dominant GATA3 mutations can cause renal aplasia as part of the hypoparathyroidism, renal dysplasia, deafness (HDR) syndrome that includes mesangioproliferative GN. This suggests that GATA3 may have a previously unrecognized role in glomerular development or injury. METHODS To determine GATA3's role in glomerular development or injury, we assessed GATA3 expression in developing and mature kidneys from Gata3 heterozygous (+/-) knockout mice, as well as injured human and rodent kidneys. RESULTS We show that GATA3 is expressed by FOXD1 lineage stromal progenitor cells, and a subset of these cells mature into mesangial cells (MCs) that continue to express GATA3 in adult kidneys. In mice, we uncover that GATA3 is essential for normal glomerular development, and mice with haploinsufficiency of Gata3 have too few MC precursors and glomerular abnormalities. Expression of GATA3 is maintained in MCs of adult kidneys and is markedly increased in rodent models of mesangioproliferative GN and in IgA nephropathy, suggesting that GATA3 plays a critical role in the maintenance of glomerular homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These results provide new insights on the role GATA3 plays in MC development and response to injury. It also shows that GATA3 may be a novel and robust nuclear marker for identifying MCs in tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center, Medical Clinic and Policlinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- III. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christof Aigner
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alice Schmidt
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Grosveld
- Department of Cell Biology, Dr. Molewaterplein 50, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; and
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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25
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Schrankl J, Neubauer B, Fuchs M, Gerl K, Wagner C, Kurtz A. Apparently normal kidney development in mice with conditional disruption of ANG II-AT 1 receptor genes in FoxD1-positive stroma cell precursors. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F1191-F1200. [PMID: 30969804 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00305.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An intact renin-angiotensin system involving ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptors is crucial for normal kidney development. It is still unclear in which cell types AT1 receptor signaling is required for normal kidney development, maturation, and function. Because all kidney cells deriving from stroma progenitor cells express AT1 receptors and because stromal cells fundamentally influence nephrogenesis and tubular maturation, we investigated the relevance of AT1 receptors in stromal progenitors and their descendants for renal development and function. For this aim, we generated and analyzed mice with conditional deletion of AT1A receptor in the FoxD1 cell lineage in combination with global disruption of the AT1B receptor gene. These FoxD1-AT1ko mice developed normally. Their kidneys showed neither structural nor functional abnormalities compared with wild-type mice, whereas in isolated perfused FoxD1-AT1ko kidneys, the vasoconstrictor and renin inhibitory effects of ANG II were absent. In vivo, however, plasma renin concentration and renal renin expression were normal in FoxD1-AT1ko mice, as were blood pressure and glomerular filtration rate. These findings suggest that a strong reduction of AT1 receptors in renal stromal progenitors and their descendants does not disturb normal kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Schrankl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Bjoern Neubauer
- Department of Medicine IV, University Medical Center Freiburg , Freiburg , Germany
| | - Michaela Fuchs
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Katharina Gerl
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Charlotte Wagner
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
| | - Armin Kurtz
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg , Regensburg , Germany
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26
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Yosypiv IV, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Song R, De Goes Martini A. Stromal prorenin receptor is critical for normal kidney development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2019; 316:R640-R650. [PMID: 30943054 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00320.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Formation of the metanephric kidney requires coordinated interaction among the stroma, ureteric bud, and cap mesenchyme. The transcription factor Foxd1, a specific marker of renal stromal cells, is critical for normal kidney development. The prorenin receptor (PRR), a receptor for renin and prorenin, is also an accessory subunit of the vacuolar proton pump V-ATPase. Global loss of PRR is embryonically lethal in mice, indicating an essential role of the PRR in embryonic development. Here, we report that conditional deletion of the PRR in Foxd1+ stromal progenitors in mice (cKO) results in neonatal mortality. The kidneys of surviving mice show reduced expression of stromal markers Foxd1 and Meis1 and a marked decrease in arterial and arteriolar development with the subsequent decreased number of glomeruli, expansion of Six2+ nephron progenitors, and delay in nephron differentiation. Intrarenal arteries and arterioles in cKO mice were fewer and thinner and showed a marked decrease in the expression of renin, suggesting a central role for the PRR in the development of renin-expressing cells, which in turn are essential for the proper formation of the renal arterial tree. We conclude that stromal PRR is crucial for the appropriate differentiation of the renal arterial tree, which in turn may restrict excessive expansion of nephron progenitors to promote a coordinated and proper morphogenesis of the nephrovascular structures of the mammalian kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihor V Yosypiv
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Renfang Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
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27
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Daniel E, Cleaver O. Vascularizing organogenesis: Lessons from developmental biology and implications for regenerative medicine. Curr Top Dev Biol 2019; 132:177-220. [PMID: 30797509 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2018.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Organogenesis requires tightly coordinated and patterned growth of numerous cell types to form a fully mature and vascularized organ. Endothelial cells (ECs) that line blood vessels develop alongside the growing organ, but only recently has their role in directing epithelial and stromal growth been appreciated. Endothelial, epithelial, and stromal cells in embryonic organs actively communicate with one another throughout development to ensure that the organ forms appropriately. What signals tell blood vessel progenitors where to go? How are tissues influenced by the vasculature that pervades it? In this chapter, we review the ways in which crosstalk between ECs and epithelial or stromal cells during development leads to a fully patterned pancreas, lung, or kidney. ECs in all of these organs are necessary for proper epithelial and stromal growth, but how they direct this process is organ- and time-specific, highlighting the concept of dynamic EC heterogeneity. We end with a discussion on how understanding cell-cell crosstalk during development can be applied therapeutically through the generation of transplantable miniature organ-like tissues called "organoids." We will discuss the current state of organoid technology and highlight the major challenges in forming a properly patterned vascular network that will be critical in transforming them into a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Daniel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Ondine Cleaver
- Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.
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Hoffmann S, Mullins L, Buckley C, Rider S, Mullins J. Investigating the RAS can be a fishy business: interdisciplinary opportunities using Zebrafish. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:2469-2481. [PMID: 30518571 PMCID: PMC6279434 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is highly conserved, and components of the RAS are present in all vertebrates to some degree. Although the RAS has been studied since the discovery of renin, its biological role continues to broaden with the identification and characterization of new peptides. The evolutionarily distant zebrafish is a remarkable model for studying the kidney due to its genetic tractability and accessibility for in vivo imaging. The zebrafish pronephros is an especially useful kidney model due to its structural simplicity yet complex functionality, including capacity for glomerular and tubular filtration. Both the pronephros and mesonephros contain renin-expressing perivascular cells, which respond to RAS inhibition, making the zebrafish an excellent model for studying the RAS. This review summarizes the physiological and genetic tools currently available for studying the zebrafish kidney with regards to functionality of the RAS, using novel imaging techniques such as SPIM microscopy coupled with targeted single cell ablation and synthesis of vasoactive RAS peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Hoffmann
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Linda Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - Sebastien Rider
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K
| | - John Mullins
- University of Edinburgh/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, 47, Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, U.K.
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Martinez MF, Medrano S, Brown RI, Tufan T, Shang S, Bertoncello N, Guessoum O, Adli M, Belyea BC, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA. Super-enhancers maintain renin-expressing cell identity and memory to preserve multi-system homeostasis. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:4787-4803. [PMID: 30130256 PMCID: PMC6205391 DOI: 10.1172/jci121361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renin cells are crucial for survival - they control fluid-electrolyte and blood pressure homeostasis, vascular development, regeneration, and oxygen delivery to tissues. During embryonic development, renin cells are progenitors for multiple cell types that retain the memory of the renin phenotype. When there is a threat to survival, those descendants are transformed and reenact the renin phenotype to restore homeostasis. We tested the hypothesis that the molecular memory of the renin phenotype resides in unique regions and states of these cells' chromatin. Using renin cells at various stages of stimulation, we identified regions in the genome where the chromatin is open for transcription, mapped histone modifications characteristic of active enhancers such as H3K27ac, and tracked deposition of transcriptional activators such as Med1, whose deletion results in ablation of renin expression and low blood pressure. Using the rank ordering of super-enhancers, epigenetic rewriting, and enhancer deletion analysis, we found that renin cells harbor a unique set of super-enhancers that determine their identity. The most prominent renin super-enhancer may act as a chromatin sensor of signals that convey the physiologic status of the organism, and is responsible for the transformation of renin cell descendants to the renin phenotype, a fundamental process to ensure homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Turan Tufan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Stephen Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Omar Guessoum
- Child Health Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology, and
| | - Mazhar Adli
- Child Health Research Center
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Child Health Research Center
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Biology, and
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Quintero-Ronderos P, Laissue P. The multisystemic functions of FOXD1 in development and disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:725-739. [PMID: 29959475 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1665-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) participate in a wide range of cellular processes due to their inherent function as essential regulatory proteins. Their dysfunction has been linked to numerous human diseases. The forkhead box (FOX) family of TFs belongs to the "winged helix" superfamily, consisting of proteins sharing a related winged helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. FOX genes have been extensively present during vertebrates and invertebrates' evolution, participating in numerous molecular cascades and biological functions, such as embryonic development and organogenesis, cell cycle regulation, metabolism control, stem cell niche maintenance, signal transduction, and many others. FOXD1, a forkhead TF, has been related to different key biological processes such as kidney and retina development and embryo implantation. FOXD1 dysfunction has been linked to different pathologies, thereby constituting a diagnostic biomarker and a promising target for future therapies. This paper aims to present, for the first time, a comprehensive review of FOXD1's role in mouse development and human disease. Molecular, structural, and functional aspects of FOXD1 are presented in light of physiological and pathogenic conditions, including its role in human disease aetiology, such as cancer and recurrent pregnancy loss. Taken together, the information given here should enable a better understanding of FOXD1 function for basic science researchers and clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Quintero-Ronderos
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paul Laissue
- Center For Research in Genetics and Genomics-CIGGUR, GENIUROS Research Group, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Carrera 24 No. 63C-69, Bogotá, Colombia.
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31
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Shaw I, Rider S, Mullins J, Hughes J, Péault B. Pericytes in the renal vasculature: roles in health and disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:521-534. [DOI: 10.1038/s41581-018-0032-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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32
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Development of the renal vasculature. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 91:132-146. [PMID: 29879472 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The kidney vasculature has a unique and complex architecture that is central for the kidney to exert its multiple and essential physiological functions with the ultimate goal of maintaining homeostasis. An appropriate development and coordinated assembly of the different vascular cell types and their association with the corresponding nephrons is crucial for the generation of a functioning kidney. In this review we provide an overview of the renal vascular anatomy, histology, and current knowledge of the embryological origin and molecular pathways involved in its development. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in renal vascular development is the first step to advance the field of regenerative medicine.
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33
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Lindström NO, Guo J, Kim AD, Tran T, Guo Q, De Sena Brandine G, Ransick A, Parvez RK, Thornton ME, Baskin L, Grubbs B, McMahon JA, Smith AD, McMahon AP. Conserved and Divergent Features of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Types within the Cortical Nephrogenic Niche of the Human and Mouse Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:806-824. [PMID: 29449449 DOI: 10.0.6.145/asn.2017080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular interactions among nephron, interstitial, and collecting duct progenitors drive mammalian kidney development. In mice, Six2+ nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) and Foxd1+ interstitial progenitor cells (IPCs) form largely distinct lineage compartments at the onset of metanephric kidney development. Here, we used the method for analyzing RNA following intracellular sorting (MARIS) approach, single-cell transcriptional profiling, in situ hybridization, and immunolabeling to characterize the presumptive NPC and IPC compartments of the developing human kidney. As in mice, each progenitor population adopts a stereotypical arrangement in the human nephron-forming niche: NPCs capped outgrowing ureteric branch tips, whereas IPCs were sandwiched between the NPCs and the renal capsule. Unlike mouse NPCs, human NPCs displayed a transcriptional profile that overlapped substantially with the IPC transcriptional profile, and key IPC determinants, including FOXD1, were readily detected within SIX2+ NPCs. Comparative gene expression profiling in human and mouse Six2/SIX2+ NPCs showed broad agreement between the species but also identified species-biased expression of some genes. Notably, some human NPC-enriched genes, including DAPL1 and COL9A2, are linked to human renal disease. We further explored the cellular diversity of mesenchymal cell types in the human nephrogenic niche through single-cell transcriptional profiling. Data analysis stratified NPCs into two main subpopulations and identified a third group of differentiating cells. These findings were confirmed by section in situ hybridization with novel human NPC markers predicted through the single-cell studies. This study provides a benchmark for the mesenchymal progenitors in the human nephrogenic niche and highlights species-variability in kidney developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | | | - Andrew Ransick
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Laurence Baskin
- Department of Urology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
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34
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Lindström NO, Guo J, Kim AD, Tran T, Guo Q, De Sena Brandine G, Ransick A, Parvez RK, Thornton ME, Baskin L, Grubbs B, McMahon JA, Smith AD, McMahon AP. Conserved and Divergent Features of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cell Types within the Cortical Nephrogenic Niche of the Human and Mouse Kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:806-824. [PMID: 29449449 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017080890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular interactions among nephron, interstitial, and collecting duct progenitors drive mammalian kidney development. In mice, Six2+ nephron progenitor cells (NPCs) and Foxd1+ interstitial progenitor cells (IPCs) form largely distinct lineage compartments at the onset of metanephric kidney development. Here, we used the method for analyzing RNA following intracellular sorting (MARIS) approach, single-cell transcriptional profiling, in situ hybridization, and immunolabeling to characterize the presumptive NPC and IPC compartments of the developing human kidney. As in mice, each progenitor population adopts a stereotypical arrangement in the human nephron-forming niche: NPCs capped outgrowing ureteric branch tips, whereas IPCs were sandwiched between the NPCs and the renal capsule. Unlike mouse NPCs, human NPCs displayed a transcriptional profile that overlapped substantially with the IPC transcriptional profile, and key IPC determinants, including FOXD1, were readily detected within SIX2+ NPCs. Comparative gene expression profiling in human and mouse Six2/SIX2+ NPCs showed broad agreement between the species but also identified species-biased expression of some genes. Notably, some human NPC-enriched genes, including DAPL1 and COL9A2, are linked to human renal disease. We further explored the cellular diversity of mesenchymal cell types in the human nephrogenic niche through single-cell transcriptional profiling. Data analysis stratified NPCs into two main subpopulations and identified a third group of differentiating cells. These findings were confirmed by section in situ hybridization with novel human NPC markers predicted through the single-cell studies. This study provides a benchmark for the mesenchymal progenitors in the human nephrogenic niche and highlights species-variability in kidney developmental programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils O Lindström
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Jinjin Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Albert D Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Tracy Tran
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Qiuyu Guo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | | | - Andrew Ransick
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Riana K Parvez
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Matthew E Thornton
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Laurence Baskin
- Department of Urology and Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Brendan Grubbs
- Maternal Fetal Medicine Division, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - Jill A McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine
| | - Andrew D Smith
- Molecular and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, and
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine,
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35
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Abstract
An accumulating body of evidence suggests that renin-expressing cells have developed throughout evolution as a mechanism to preserve blood pressure and fluid volume homeostasis as well as to counteract a number of homeostatic and immunological threats. In the developing embryo, renin precursor cells emerge in multiple tissues, where they differentiate into a variety of cell types. The function of those precursors and their progeny is beginning to be unravelled. In the developing kidney, renin-expressing cells control the morphogenesis and branching of the renal arterial tree. The cells do not seem to fully differentiate but instead retain a degree of developmental plasticity or molecular memory, which enables them to regenerate injured glomeruli or to alter their phenotype to control blood pressure and fluid-electrolyte homeostasis. In haematopoietic tissues, renin-expressing cells might regulate bone marrow differentiation and participate in a circulating leukocyte renin-angiotensin system, which acts as a defence mechanism against infections or tissue injury. Furthermore, renin-expressing cells have an intricate lineage and functional relationship with erythropoietin-producing cells and are therefore central to two endocrine systems - the renin-angiotensin and erythropoietin systems - that sustain life by controlling fluid volume and composition, perfusion pressure and oxygen delivery to tissues. However, loss of the homeostatic control of these systems following dysregulation of renin-expressing cells can be detrimental, with serious pathological events.
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36
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Naiman N, Fujioka K, Fujino M, Valerius MT, Potter SS, McMahon AP, Kobayashi A. Repression of Interstitial Identity in Nephron Progenitor Cells by Pax2 Establishes the Nephron-Interstitium Boundary during Kidney Development. Dev Cell 2017; 41:349-365.e3. [PMID: 28535371 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The kidney contains the functional units, the nephrons, surrounded by the renal interstitium. Previously we discovered that, once Six2-expressing nephron progenitor cells and Foxd1-expressing renal interstitial progenitor cells form at the onset of kidney development, descendant cells from these populations contribute exclusively to the main body of nephrons and renal interstitial tissues, respectively, indicating a lineage boundary between the nephron and renal interstitial compartments. Currently it is unclear how lineages are regulated during kidney organogenesis. We demonstrate that nephron progenitor cells lacking Pax2 fail to differentiate into nephron cells but can switch fates into renal interstitium-like cell types. These data suggest that Pax2 function maintains nephron progenitor cells by repressing a renal interstitial cell program. Thus, the lineage boundary between the nephron and renal interstitial compartments is maintained by the Pax2 activity in nephron progenitor cells during kidney organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Naiman
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kaoru Fujioka
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mari Fujino
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - M Todd Valerius
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - S Steven Potter
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1425 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Akio Kobayashi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, 750 Republican Street, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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37
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Bartlett CS, Scott RP, Carota IA, Wnuk ML, Kanwar YS, Miner JH, Quaggin SE. Glomerular mesangial cell recruitment and function require the co-receptor neuropilin-1. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 313:F1232-F1242. [PMID: 28835419 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteinuria has been reported in cancer patients receiving agents that target the transmembrane receptor neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) suggesting potential adverse effects on glomerular function. Here we show that Nrp1 is highly expressed by mesangial cells and that genetic deletion of the Nrp1 gene from PDGF receptor-β+ mesangial cells results in proteinuric disease and glomerulosclerosis, leading to renal failure and death within 6 wk of age in mice. The major defect is a failure of mesangial cell migration that is required to establish the mature glomerular tuft. In vitro data show that the potent chemotactic effect of PDGFB is lost in Nrp1-deficient mesangial cells. Biochemical analyses reveal that Nrp1 is required for PDGFB-dependent phosphorylation of p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130Cas), a large-scaffold molecule that is involved in motility of other cell types. In stark contrast, matrix adhesion and activation of ERK and Akt, which mediate proliferation of mesangial cells in response to PDGFB, are unaffected by the absence of Nrp1. Taken together, these results identify a critical cell-autonomous role for Nrp1 in the migratory behavior of mesangial cells and may help explain the renal effects that occur in patients receiving Nrp1-inhibitory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Bartlett
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rizaldy P Scott
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Isabel Anna Carota
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Monika L Wnuk
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Yashpal S Kanwar
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Susan E Quaggin
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension and Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois; .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and
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Oka M, Medrano S, Sequeira-Lόpez MLS, Gómez RA. Chronic Stimulation of Renin Cells Leads to Vascular Pathology. Hypertension 2017; 70:119-128. [PMID: 28533331 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Experimental or spontaneous genomic mutations of the renin-angiotensin system or its pharmacological inhibition in early life leads to renal abnormalities, including poorly developed renal medulla, papillary atrophy, hydronephrosis, inability to concentrate the urine, polyuria, polydipsia, renal failure, and anemia. At the core of such complex phenotype is the presence of unique vascular abnormalities: the renal arterioles do not branch or elongate properly and they have disorganized, concentric hypertrophy. This lesion has been puzzling because it is often found in hypertensive individuals whereas mutant or pharmacologically inhibited animals are hypotensive. Remarkably, when renin cells are ablated with diphtheria toxin, the vascular hypertrophy does not occur, suggesting that renin cells per se may contribute to the vascular disease. To test this hypothesis, on a Ren1c-/- background, we generated mutant mice with reporter expression (Ren1c-/-;Ren1c-Cre;R26R.mTmG and Ren1c-/-;Ren1c-Cre;R26R.LacZ) to trace the fate of reninnull cells. To assess whether reninnull cells maintain their renin promoter active, we used Ren1c-/-;Ren1c-YFP mice that transcribe YFP (yellow fluorescent protein) directed by the renin promoter. We also followed the expression of Akr1b7 and miR-330-5p, markers of cells programmed for the renin phenotype. Contrary to what we expected, reninnull cells did not die or disappear. Instead, they survived, increased in number along the renal arterial tree, and maintained an active molecular memory of the myoepitheliod renin phenotype. Furthermore, null cells of the renin lineage occupied the walls of the arteries and arterioles in a chaotic, directionless pattern directly contributing to the concentric arterial hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Oka
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Silvia Medrano
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | | | - R Ariel Gómez
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
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39
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Martini AG, Danser AHJ. Juxtaglomerular Cell Phenotypic Plasticity. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2017; 24:231-242. [PMID: 28527017 PMCID: PMC5574949 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-017-0212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Renin is the first and rate-limiting step of the renin-angiotensin system. The exclusive source of renin in the circulation are the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney, which line the afferent arterioles at the entrance of the glomeruli. Normally, renin production by these cells suffices to maintain homeostasis. However, under chronic stimulation of renin release, for instance during a low-salt diet or antihypertensive therapy, cells that previously expressed renin during congenital life re-convert to a renin-producing cell phenotype, a phenomenon which is known as “recruitment”. How exactly such differentiation occurs remains to be clarified. This review critically discusses the phenotypic plasticity of renin cells, connecting them not only to the classical concept of blood pressure regulation, but also to more complex contexts such as development and growth processes, cell repair mechanisms and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Góes Martini
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Room EE1418b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Room EE1418b, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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40
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Martini AG, Xa LK, Lacombe MJ, Blanchet-Cohen A, Mercure C, Haibe-Kains B, Friesema ECH, van den Meiracker AH, Gross KW, Azizi M, Corvol P, Nguyen G, Reudelhuber TL, Danser AHJ. Transcriptome Analysis of Human Reninomas as an Approach to Understanding Juxtaglomerular Cell Biology. Hypertension 2017; 69:1145-1155. [PMID: 28396539 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renin, a key component in the regulation of blood pressure in mammals, is produced by the rare and highly specialized juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney. Chronic stimulation of renin release results in a recruitment of new juxtaglomerular cells by the apparent conversion of adjacent smooth muscle cells along the afferent arterioles. Because juxtaglomerular cells rapidly dedifferentiate when removed from the kidney, their developmental origin and the mechanism that explains their phenotypic plasticity remain unclear. To overcome this limitation, we have performed RNA expression analysis on 4 human renin-producing tumors. The most highly expressed genes that were common between the reninomas were subsequently used for in situ hybridization in kidneys of 5-day-old mice, adult mice, and adult mice treated with captopril. From the top 100 genes, 10 encoding for ligands were selected for further analysis. Medium of human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with the mouse cDNA encoding these ligands was applied to (pro)renin-synthesizing As4.1 cells. Among the ligands, only platelet-derived growth factor B reduced the medium and cellular (pro)renin levels, as well as As4.1 renin gene expression. In addition, platelet-derived growth factor B-exposed As4.1 cells displayed a more elongated and aligned shape with no alteration in viability. This was accompanied by a downregulated expression of α-smooth muscle actin and an upregulated expression of interleukin-6, suggesting a phenotypic shift from myoendocrine to inflammatory. Our results add 36 new genes to the list that characterize renin-producing cells and reveal a novel role for platelet-derived growth factor B as a regulator of renin-synthesizing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G Martini
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Lucie K Xa
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Marie-Josée Lacombe
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Alexis Blanchet-Cohen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Chantal Mercure
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Edith C H Friesema
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Anton H van den Meiracker
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Kenneth W Gross
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Michel Azizi
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Pierre Corvol
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Geneviève Nguyen
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - Timothy L Reudelhuber
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.)
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (A.G.M., E.C.H.F., A.H.v.d.M., A.H.J.D.); Laboratory of Molecular Biochemistry of Hypertension (L.K.X., M.-J.L., C.M., T.L.R.) and Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics (A.B.-C., B.H.-K.), Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Quebec, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada (L.K.X., T.L.R.); Department of Biochemistry (B.H.-K., T.L.R.) and Department of Medicine (T.L.R.), Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY (K.W.G.); Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques 1418, Paris, France (M.A.); Collège de France, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB), Paris, France (P.C., G.N.); and INSERM, U1050, Paris, France (G.N.).
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Kaverina NV, Kadoya H, Eng DG, Rusiniak ME, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Gomez RA, Pippin JW, Gross KW, Peti-Peterdi J, Shankland SJ. Tracking the stochastic fate of cells of the renin lineage after podocyte depletion using multicolor reporters and intravital imaging. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173891. [PMID: 28329012 PMCID: PMC5362207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Podocyte depletion plays a major role in focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (FSGS). Because cells of the renin lineage (CoRL) serve as adult podocyte and parietal epithelial cell (PEC) progenitor candidates, we generated Ren1cCre/R26R-ConfettiTG/WT and Ren1dCre/R26R-ConfettiTG/WT mice to determine CoRL clonality during podocyte replacement. Four CoRL reporters (GFP, YFP, RFP, CFP) were restricted to cells in the juxtaglomerular compartment (JGC) at baseline. Following abrupt podocyte depletion in experimental FSGS, all four CoRL reporters were detected in a subset of glomeruli at day 28, where they co-expressed de novo four podocyte proteins (podocin, nephrin, WT-1 and p57) and two glomerular parietal epithelial cell (PEC) proteins (claudin-1, PAX8). To monitor the precise migration of a subset of CoRL over a 2w period following podocyte depletion, intravital multiphoton microscopy was used. Our findings demonstrate direct visual support for the migration of single CoRL from the JGC to the parietal Bowman's capsule, early proximal tubule, mesangium and glomerular tuft. In summary, these results suggest that following podocyte depletion, multi-clonal CoRL migrate to the glomerulus and replace podocyte and PECs in experimental FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya V. Kaverina
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Kadoya
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Michael E. Rusiniak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria Luisa S. Sequeira-Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - R. Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, United States of America
| | - Janos Peti-Peterdi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJS); (JPP)
| | - Stuart J. Shankland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SJS); (JPP)
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Rider SA, Christian HC, Mullins LJ, Howarth AR, MacRae CA, Mullins JJ. Zebrafish mesonephric renin cells are functionally conserved and comprise two distinct morphological populations. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2017; 312:F778-F790. [PMID: 28179256 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00608.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish provide an excellent model in which to assess the role of the renin-angiotensin system in renal development, injury, and repair. In contrast to mammals, zebrafish kidney organogenesis terminates with the mesonephros. Despite this, the basic functional structure of the nephron is conserved across vertebrates. The relevance of teleosts for studies relating to the regulation of the renin-angiotensin system was established by assessing the phenotype and functional regulation of renin-expressing cells in zebrafish. Transgenic fluorescent reporters for renin (ren), smooth muscle actin (acta2), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (pdgfrb) were studied to determine the phenotype and secretory ultrastructure of perivascular renin-expressing cells. Whole kidney ren transcription responded to altered salinity, pharmacological renin-angiotensin system inhibition, and renal injury. Mesonephric ren-expressing cells occupied niches at the preglomerular arteries and afferent arterioles, forming intermittent epithelioid-like multicellular clusters exhibiting a granular secretory ultrastructure. In contrast, renin cells of the efferent arterioles were thin bodied and lacked secretory granules. Renin cells expressed the perivascular cell markers acta2 and pdgfrb Transcriptional responses of ren to physiological challenge support the presence of a functional renin-angiotensin system and are consistent with the production of active renin. The reparative capability of the zebrafish kidney was harnessed to demonstrate that ren transcription is a marker for renal injury and repair. Our studies demonstrate substantive conservation of renin regulation across vertebrates, and ultrastructural studies of renin cells reveal at least two distinct morphologies of mesonephric perivascular ren-expressing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien A Rider
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Little France, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom;
| | - Helen C Christian
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom; and
| | - Linda J Mullins
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Little France, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia R Howarth
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Little France, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - John J Mullins
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Little France, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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43
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Gomez RA. Fate of Renin Cells During Development and Disease. Hypertension 2017; 69:387-395. [PMID: 28137982 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Gomez
- From the Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville.
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44
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Abstract
New nephrons are induced by the interaction between mesenchymal progenitor cells and collecting duct tips, both of which are located at the outer edge of the kidney. This leading edge of active nephron induction is known as the nephrogenic zone. Cell populations found within this zone include collecting duct tips, cap mesenchyme cells, pretubular aggregates, nephrogenic zone interstitium, hemoendothelial progenitor cells, and macrophages. The close association of these dynamic progenitor cell compartments enables the intricate and synchronized patterning of the epithelial and the vascular components of the nephron. Understanding signaling interactions between the distinct progenitor cells of the nephrogenic zone are essential to determining the basis for new nephron formation, an important goal in regenerative medicine. A variety of technologies have been applied to define essential signaling pathways, including organ culture, mouse genetics, and primary cell culture. This chapter provides an overview of essential signaling pathways and discusses how these may be integrated.
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45
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Stefanska A, Kenyon C, Christian HC, Buckley C, Shaw I, Mullins JJ, Péault B. Human kidney pericytes produce renin. Kidney Int 2016; 90:1251-1261. [PMID: 27678158 PMCID: PMC5126097 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes, perivascular cells embedded in the microvascular wall, are crucial for vascular homeostasis. These cells also play diverse roles in tissue development and regeneration as multi-lineage progenitors, immunomodulatory cells and as sources of trophic factors. Here, we establish that pericytes are renin producing cells in the human kidney. Renin was localized by immunohistochemistry in CD146 and NG2 expressing pericytes, surrounding juxtaglomerular and afferent arterioles. Similar to pericytes from other organs, CD146+CD34–CD45–CD56– renal fetal pericytes, sorted by flow cytometry, exhibited tri-lineage mesodermal differentiation potential in vitro. Additionally, renin expression was triggered in cultured kidney pericytes by cyclic AMP as confirmed by immuno-electron microscopy, and secretion of enzymatically functional renin, capable of generating angiotensin I. Pericytes derived from second trimester human placenta also expressed renin in an inducible fashion although the renin activity was much lower than in renal pericytes. Thus, our results confirm and extend the recently discovered developmental plasticity of microvascular pericytes, and may open new perspectives to the therapeutic regulation of the renin-angiotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ania Stefanska
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Christopher Kenyon
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Helen C Christian
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte Buckley
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Isaac Shaw
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - John J Mullins
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bruno Péault
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK; Orthopaedic Hospital Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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46
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Akchurin O, Du Z, Ramkellawan N, Dalal V, Han SH, Pullman J, Müsch A, Susztak K, Reidy KJ. Partitioning-Defective 1a/b Depletion Impairs Glomerular and Proximal Tubule Development. J Am Soc Nephrol 2016; 27:3725-3737. [PMID: 27185860 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidney is a highly polarized epithelial organ that develops from undifferentiated mesenchyme, although the mechanisms that regulate the development of renal epithelial polarity are incompletely understood. Partitioning-defective 1 (Par1) proteins have been implicated in cell polarity and epithelial morphogenesis; however, the role of these proteins in the developing kidney has not been established. Therefore, we studied the contribution of Par1a/b to renal epithelial development. We examined the renal phenotype of newborn compound mutant mice carrying only one allele of Par1a or Par1b. Loss of three out of four Par1a/b alleles resulted in severe renal hypoplasia, associated with impaired ureteric bud branching. Compared with kidneys of newborn control littermates, kidneys of newborn mutant mice exhibited dilated proximal tubules and immature glomeruli, and the renal proximal tubular epithelia lacked proper localization of adhesion complexes. Furthermore, Par1a/b mutants expressed low levels of renal Notch ligand Jag1, activated Notch2, and Notch effecter Hes1. Together, these data demonstrate that Par1a/b has a key role in glomerular and proximal tubule development, likely via modulation of Notch signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Akchurin
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Zhongfang Du
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Nadira Ramkellawan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Vidhi Dalal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - James Pullman
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York; and
| | - Anne Müsch
- Department of Development and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly J Reidy
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York; .,Renal Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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47
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Abstract
The basic unit of kidney function is the nephron. In the mouse, around 14,000 nephrons form in a 10-day period extending into early neonatal life, while the human fetus forms the adult complement of nephrons in a 32-week period completed prior to birth. This review discusses our current understanding of mammalian nephrogenesis: the contributing cell types and the regulatory processes at play. A conceptual developmental framework has emerged for the mouse kidney. This framework is now guiding studies of human kidney development enabled in part by in vitro systems of pluripotent stem cell-seeded nephrogenesis. A near future goal will be to translate our developmental knowledge-base to the productive engineering of new kidney structures for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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Belyea BC, Xu F, Sequeira-Lopez MLS, Ariel Gomez R. Loss of Jagged1 in renin progenitors leads to focal kidney fibrosis. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/11/e12544. [PMID: 26537340 PMCID: PMC4673620 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is required to maintain renin expression within juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. However, the specific ligand which activates Notch signaling in renin-expressing cells remains undefined. In this study, we found that among all Notch ligands, Jagged1 is differentially expressed in renin cells with higher expression during neonatal life. We therefore hypothesized that Jagged1 was involved in renin expression and/or vascular integrity. We used a conditional knockout approach to delete Jagged1 in cells of the renin lineage. Deletion of Jagged1 specifically within renin cells did not result in decreased renin production within the kidney. However, animals with conditional deletion of Jagged1 did develop focal kidney fibrosis and elevated blood urea nitrogen. Our data demonstrate that Jagged1-mediated Notch signaling is dispensable in renin cells of the kidney in regard to renin expression. However, deletion of Jagged1 in renin cells descendants affects perivascular–interstitial integrity leading to focal fibrosis and diminished renal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Belyea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Fang Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | | | - R Ariel Gomez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Hu Y, Li M, Göthert JR, Gomez RA, Sequeira-Lopez MLS. Hemovascular Progenitors in the Kidney Require Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 for Vascular Development. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:1984-95. [PMID: 26534925 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2015060610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The close relationship between endothelial and hematopoietic precursors during early development of the vascular system suggested the possibility of a common yet elusive precursor for both cell types. Whether similar or related progenitors for endothelial and hematopoietic cells are present during organogenesis is unclear. Using inducible transgenic mice that specifically label endothelial and hematopoietic precursors, we performed fate-tracing studies combined with colony-forming assays and crosstransplantation studies. We identified a progenitor, marked by the expression of helix-loop-helix transcription factor stem cell leukemia (SCL/Tal1). During organogenesis of the kidney, SCL/Tal1(+) progenitors gave rise to endothelium and blood precursors with multipotential colony-forming capacity. Furthermore, appropriate morphogenesis of the kidney vasculature, including glomerular capillary development, arterial mural cell coating, and lymphatic vessel development, required sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling via the G protein-coupled S1P receptor 1 in these progenitors. Overall, these results show that SCL/Tal1(+) progenitors with hemogenic capacity originate and differentiate within the early embryonic kidney by hemovasculogenesis (the concomitant formation of blood and vessels) and underscore the importance of the S1P pathway in vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia; and
| | | | - Joachim R Göthert
- Department of Hematology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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50
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Phua YL, Chu JYS, Marrone AK, Bodnar AJ, Sims-Lucas S, Ho J. Renal stromal miRNAs are required for normal nephrogenesis and glomerular mesangial survival. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/10/e12537. [PMID: 26438731 PMCID: PMC4632944 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA levels. While previous studies have demonstrated that miRNAs are indispensable in the nephron progenitor and ureteric bud lineage, little is understood about stromal miRNAs during kidney development. The renal stroma (marked by expression of FoxD1) gives rise to the renal interstitium, a subset of peritubular capillaries, and multiple supportive vascular cell types including pericytes and the glomerular mesangium. In this study, we generated FoxD1GC;Dicerfl/fl transgenic mice that lack miRNA biogenesis in the FoxD1 lineage. Loss of Dicer activity resulted in multifaceted renal anomalies including perturbed nephrogenesis, expansion of nephron progenitors, decreased renin-expressing cells, fewer smooth muscle afferent arterioles, and progressive mesangial cell loss in mature glomeruli. Although the initial lineage specification of FoxD1+ stroma was not perturbed, both the glomerular mesangium and renal interstitium exhibited ectopic apoptosis, which was associated with increased expression of Bcl2l11 (Bim) and p53 effector genes (Bax, Trp53inp1, Jun, Cdkn1a, Mmp2, and Arid3a). Using a combination of high-throughput miRNA profiling of the FoxD1+-derived cells and mRNA profiling of differentially expressed transcripts in FoxD1GC;Dicerfl/fl kidneys, at least 72 miRNA:mRNA target interactions were identified to be suppressive of the apoptotic program. Together, the results support an indispensable role for stromal miRNAs in the regulation of apoptosis during kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Leng Phua
- Rangos Research Center, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Y S Chu
- Rangos Research Center, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - April K Marrone
- Rangos Research Center, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J Bodnar
- Rangos Research Center, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sunder Sims-Lucas
- Rangos Research Center, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline Ho
- Rangos Research Center, School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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