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Ozkanlar S, Ulas N, Kaynar O, Satici E. P2X7 receptor antagonist A-438079 alleviates oxidative stress of lung in LPS-induced septic rats. Purinergic Signal 2023; 19:699-707. [PMID: 36959434 PMCID: PMC10754811 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-023-09936-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a deadly systemic inflammatory response of the body against infection resulting in immune response, cell differentiation and organ damage. Endotoxemia is one of the causes of sepsis-related acute respiratory distress and respiratory burst is an important generator of oxidants. Inflammation may be aggravated by overexpression of ATP-gated purinergic receptors (i.e., P2X7R) following cell damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of P2X7R antagonist A-438079 on lung oxidative status and the receptor expression in endotoxemia of sepsis. Rats were subjected to sepsis by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and treated with 15 mg/kg A-438079. The increase in circulatory IL-1β and IL-8 concentrations in LPS group confirmed the systemic inflammatory response to endotoxemia compared with Control groups (p < 0.001). Besides, there was an increase in P2X7R expression in lung tissue after LPS administration. Compared with Control groups, there were significant increases in the values of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.001), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (p < 0.05) in lung tissue of LPS group. P2X7R expression in lung and IL-1β level in blood did not increase in LPS + A-438079 group. A-438079 decreased the lung levels of MDA, GSH, CAT and SOD (p < 0.001), and MPO (p < 0.01) in septic rats. As a result, administration of pathogen-associated LPS led to increased P2X7R expression into lung tissue and elevated lipid peroxidation product MDA with regard to oxidative damage. The P2X7R antagonist A-438079 alleviated the oxidative stress of lung with a balance of tissue oxidant/antioxidant factors in experimental sepsis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seckin Ozkanlar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Nergis Ulas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kaynar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kastamonu University, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Emine Satici
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
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2
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Joglekar MM, Nizamoglu M, Fan Y, Nemani SSP, Weckmann M, Pouwels SD, Heijink IH, Melgert BN, Pillay J, Burgess JK. Highway to heal: Influence of altered extracellular matrix on infiltrating immune cells during acute and chronic lung diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:995051. [PMID: 36408219 PMCID: PMC9669433 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.995051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental insults including respiratory infections, in combination with genetic predisposition, may lead to lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung fibrosis, asthma, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Common characteristics of these diseases are infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover, leading to tissue damage and impairments in lung function. The ECM provides three-dimensional (3D) architectural support to the lung and crucial biochemical and biophysical cues to the cells, directing cellular processes. As immune cells travel to reach any site of injury, they encounter the composition and various mechanical features of the ECM. Emerging evidence demonstrates the crucial role played by the local environment in recruiting immune cells and their function in lung diseases. Moreover, recent developments in the field have elucidated considerable differences in responses of immune cells in two-dimensional versus 3D modeling systems. Examining the effect of individual parameters of the ECM to study their effect independently and collectively in a 3D microenvironment will help in better understanding disease pathobiology. In this article, we discuss the importance of investigating cellular migration and recent advances in this field. Moreover, we summarize changes in the ECM in lung diseases and the potential impacts on infiltrating immune cell migration in these diseases. There has been compelling progress in this field that encourages further developments, such as advanced in vitro 3D modeling using native ECM-based models, patient-derived materials, and bioprinting. We conclude with an overview of these state-of-the-art methodologies, followed by a discussion on developing novel and innovative models and the practical challenges envisaged in implementing and utilizing these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha M. Joglekar
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Mehmet Nizamoglu
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - YiWen Fan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sai Sneha Priya Nemani
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology &Allergology, University Children’s Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
- Epigenetics of Chronic Lung Disease, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases; Leibniz Lung Research Center Borstel; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Department of Paediatric Pneumology &Allergology, University Children’s Hospital, Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Germany
- Epigenetics of Chronic Lung Disease, Priority Research Area Chronic Lung Diseases; Leibniz Lung Research Center Borstel; Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Simon D. Pouwels
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Barbro N. Melgert
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute for Pharmacy, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janesh Pillay
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Critical Care, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science-FB41, Groningen, Netherlands
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Mesquita FMD, de Oliveira DF, Caldeira DDAF, de Albuquerque JPC, Matta L, Faria CCD, Souza IIAD, Takiya CM, Fortunato RS, Nascimento JHM, de Oliveira Azevedo SMF, Zin WA, Maciel L. Subacute and sublethal ingestion of microcystin-LR impairs lung mitochondrial function by an oligomycin-like effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 93:103887. [PMID: 35598755 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is a potent cyanotoxin that can reach several organs. However subacute exposure to sublethal doses of MC-LR has not yet well been studied. Herein, we evaluated the outcomes of subacute and sublethal MC-LR exposure on lungs. Male BALB/c mice were exposed to MC-LR by gavage (30 µg/kg) for 20 consecutive days, whereas CTRL mice received filtered water. Respiratory mechanics was not altered in MC-LR group, but histopathology disclosed increased collagen deposition, immunological cell infiltration, and higher percentage of collapsed alveoli. Mitochondrial function was extensively affected in MC-LR animals. Additionally, a direct in vitro titration of MC-LR revealed impaired mitochondrial function. In conclusion, MC-LR presented an intense deleterious effect on lung mitochondrial function and histology. Furthermore, MC-LR seems to exert an oligomycin-like effect in lung mitochondria. This study opens new perspectives for the understanding of the putative pulmonary initial mechanisms of damage resulting from oral MC-LR intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Muniz de Mesquita
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Matta
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Coelho de Faria
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Itanna Isis Araujo de Souza
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Maciel
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Campus Professor Geraldo Cidade, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil.
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Extracellular Matrix Components of Rat Lungs after Direct and Indirect Lung Injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 172:407-409. [PMID: 35175487 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05403-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effects of direct intratracheal and indirect intravenous administration of pathogen on the concentrations of types I, III, and IV collagens and fibronectin and expression of the corresponding genes at the early stages of LPS-induced lung injury. Direct and indirect administration of LPS increased the level of type III collagen and decreased the expression of genes encoding types I and III collagens. Expression of type IV collagen remained unchanged. Considerable decrease in fibronectin gene expression was observed after direct LPS administration. Thus, changes in the extracellular matrix of the lungs at the early stages of acute lung injury differ depending on the way of pathogen administration.
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Machado LMQ, Serra DS, Neves TG, Cavalcante FSÁ, Ceccatto VM, Leal‐Cardoso JH, Zin WA, Moreira‐Gomes MD. Pulmonary impairment in type 2 diabetic rats and its improvement by exercise. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 234:e13708. [PMID: 34185958 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to evaluate whether the streptozotocin-induced diabetic model can generate lung functional, histological and biochemical impairments and whether moderate exercise can prevent these changes. METHODS Wistar rats were assigned to control (CTRL), exercise (EXE), diabetic (D) and diabetic with exercise (D+EXE) groups. We used the n5-STZ model of diabetes mellitus triggered by a single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 120 mg/kg b.w., i.p.) in newborn rats on their 5th day of life. EXE and D+EXE rats were trained by running on a motorized treadmill, 5 days a week for 9 weeks. Blood glucose, body weight, food intake, exercise capacity, lung mechanics, morphology, and antioxidant enzymatic activity were analysed. RESULTS On the 14th week of life, diabetic rats exhibited a significant impairment in post-prandial glycaemia, glucose tolerance, body weight, food intake, lung function (tissue viscance, elastance, Newtonian resistance and hysteresis), morphological parameters, redox balance and exercise capacity. Physical training completely prevented the diabetes-induced alterations, except for those on fasting blood glucose, which nevertheless remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Mild diabetes in n5-STZ-treated rats jeopardized pulmonary mechanics, morphology and redox balance, which confirms the occurrence of diabetes-induced pneumopathy. Moreover, moderate exercise completely prevented all diabetes-induced respiratory alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Maria Queiroz Machado
- Electrophysiology Laboratory Superior Institute of Biomedical SciencesState University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Daniel Silveira Serra
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Respiration Science and Technology Center State University of Ceará Ceará Brazil
| | - Thayanne Gomes Neves
- Electrophysiology Laboratory Superior Institute of Biomedical SciencesState University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil
| | | | - Vânia Marilande Ceccatto
- Gene Expression Laboratory Superior Institute of Biomedical SciencesState University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Jose Henrique Leal‐Cardoso
- Electrophysiology Laboratory Superior Institute of Biomedical SciencesState University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of BiophysicsUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Maria Diana Moreira‐Gomes
- Electrophysiology Laboratory Superior Institute of Biomedical SciencesState University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil
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Pacurari M, Mitra A, Turner T. Idiopathic Pulmonary Comorbidities and Mechanisms. Int J Inflam 2021; 2021:3963659. [PMID: 34691383 PMCID: PMC8528608 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3963659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease with an unknown etiology mainly characterized by a progressive decline of lung function due to the scarring of the tissue deep in the lungs. The overall survival after diagnosis remains low between 3 and 5 years. IPF is a heterogeneous disease and much progress has been made in the past decade in understanding the disease mechanisms that contributed to the development of two new drugs, pirfenidone and nintedanib, which improved the therapeutic management of the disease. The understanding of the cofactors and comorbidities of IPF also contributed to improved management of the disease outcome. In the present review, we evaluate scientific evidence which indicates IPF as a risk factor for other diseases based on the complexity of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the disease development and of comorbidities. We conclude from the existing literature that while much progress has been made in understating the mechanisms involved in IPF development, further studies are still necessary to fully understand IPF pathogenesis which will contribute to the identification of novel therapeutic targets for IPF management as well as other diseases for which IPF is a major risk factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maricica Pacurari
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Amal Mitra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Timothy Turner
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Engineering, and Technology, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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7
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Bittencourt-Mernak MI, Pinheiro NM, da Silva RC, Ponci V, Banzato R, Pinheiro AJMCR, Olivo CR, Tibério IFLC, Lima Neto LG, Santana FPR, Lago JHG, Prado CM. Effects of Eugenol and Dehydrodieugenol B from Nectandra leucantha against Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Induced Experimental Acute Lung Inflammation. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:2282-2294. [PMID: 34264084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is an important public health problem. The present work investigated whether dehydrodieugenol B treatment, a compound isolated from Brazilian plant Nectandra leucantha (Lauraceae), modulates experimental ALI and compared the observed effects to eugenol. Effects of dehydrodieugenol B in vitro in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells were evaluated. The lung and systemic inflammatory profile, lung function, and possible mechanisms involved in BALB/C male mice (6-8 weeks) with ALI induced by LPS instillation (5 mg/kg) was assayed. Dehydrodieugenol B did not affect the cell viability and inhibited the increase in NO release and IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression induced by LPS. In vivo, both compounds reduced lung edema, inflammatory cells, and the IL-6 and IL-1 β levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and those positive to iNOS, MMP-9, and TIMP-1, and reduced the collagen content and the 8-isoprostane expression in lung tissue. Eugenol and dehydrodieugenol B also inhibited the phosphorylation of Jc-Jun-NH2 terminal Kinase (JNK), a signaling protein involved in the MAPKinase pathway. There was no effect of these compounds in lung function. Therefore, eugenol and dehydrodieugenol B ameliorates several features of experimental ALI and could be considered as a pharmacological tool to ameliorate acute lung inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia M Pinheiro
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Rafael C da Silva
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Vitor Ponci
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Rosana Banzato
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Aruanã J M C R Pinheiro
- Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, 65075-120, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede BIONORTE, São Luís, MA, 65055-310, Brazil
| | - Clarice R Olivo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Lídio G Lima Neto
- Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, MA, 65075-120, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação da Rede BIONORTE, São Luís, MA, 65055-310, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P R Santana
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
- Department of Medicine-Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 04023-062, Brazil
| | - João H G Lago
- Center of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Federal University of ABC, Santo André, SP, 09210-170, Brazil
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Biological Science, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
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8
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Proteomic analysis of serum samples of paracoccidioidomycosis patients with severe pulmonary sequel. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009714. [PMID: 34424905 PMCID: PMC8425554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary sequelae (PS) in patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) typically include pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in PS of PCM is required for treatment and biomarker identification. Methodology/Principal findings This non-concurrent cohort study included 29 patients with pulmonary PCM that were followed before and after treatment. From this group, 17 patients evolved to mild/ moderate PS and 12 evolved severe PS. Sera from patients were evaluated before treatment and at clinical cure, serological cure, and apparent cure. A nanoACQUITY UPLC-Xevo QT MS system and PLGS software were used to identify serum differentially expressed proteins, data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026906. Serum differentially expressed proteins were then categorized using Cytoscape software and the Reactome pathway database. Seventy-two differentially expressed serum proteins were identified in patients with severe PS compared with patients with mild/moderate PS. Most proteins altered in severe PS were involved in wound healing, inflammatory response, and oxygen transport pathways. Before treatment and at clinical cure, signaling proteins participating in wound healing, complement cascade, cholesterol transport and retinoid metabolism pathways were downregulated in patients with severe PS, whereas signaling proteins in gluconeogenesis and gas exchange pathways were upregulated. At serological cure, the pattern of protein expression reversed. At apparent cure pathways related with tissue repair (fibrosis) became downregulated, and pathway related oxygen transport became upregulated. Additionally, we identified 15 proteins as candidate biomarkers for severe PS. Conclusions/Significance Development of severe PS is related to increased expression of proteins involved in glycolytic pathway and oxygen exchange), indicative of the greater cellular activity and replication associated with early dysregulation of wound healing and aberrant tissue repair. Our findings provide new targets to study mechanisms of PS in PCM, as well as potential biomarkers. Pulmonary fibrosis is the main sequel of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), a fungal disease that affects mainly men, rural workers. The development of pulmonary fibrosis is complex and involves several mechanisms that culminate in aberrant collagen production and deposition in the lungs making it became stiff and blocking the air passages. These changes lead to difficulty in breathing and in PCM patients dyspnea in response to high or low levels of exertion is common. Therefore, these patients show incapacity to work and the decreased quality of life. With the possibility of identifying some marker, for example, it could help the indication of respiratory physiotherapy, professional rehabilitation, or therapeutic intervention. This is the first study to examine the pulmonary sequelae (PS) in patients with paracoccidioidomycosis using an approach combining proteomics with bioinformatics. Here, we identify the specific proteome pattern found in PCM patients with severe sequelae that distinguishes these patients from that with mild/moderate sequelae. Our results showed that time points immediately before treatment and at clinical cure are key moments at which PS can progress to severe PS due a dysregulation in wound healing with consequent delayed in the healing processes resulting in an aberrant scar. As such, we suggest that the prognoses for severe PS should be considered as soon as possible and as early as diagnosis of PCM. Furthermore, we used proteomics to identify possible serum biomarkers with which to predict the likely development of severe PS, to be validated in future studies.
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Procollagen I and III as Prognostic Markers in Patients Treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Prospective Observational Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163686. [PMID: 34441982 PMCID: PMC8397027 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Procollagen peptides have been associated with lung fibroproliferation and poor outcomes in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Therefore, serum procollagen concentrations might have prognostic value in ARDS patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Methods: In a prospective cohort study, serum N-terminal procollagen I-peptide (PINP) and N-terminal procollagen III-peptide (PIIINP) concentrations in twenty-three consecutive patients with severe ARDS treated with ECMO were measured at the time of ECMO initiation and during the course of treatment. The predictive value of PINP and PIIINP at the time of ECMO initiation was tested with a univariable logistic regression and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Thirteen patients survived to intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Non-survivors had higher serum PINP and PIIINP concentrations at all points in time during the course of treatment. Serum PIIINP at the day of ECMO initiation showed an odds ratio of 1.37 (95% CI 1.10–1.89, p = 0.017) with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.87 (95% CI 0.69–1.00, p = 0.0029) for death during the course of treatment. Conclusions: PINP and PIIINP concentrations differ between survivors and non-survivors in ARDS treated with ECMO. This exploratory hypothesis generating study suggests an association between PIIINP serum concentrations at ECMO initiation and an unfavorable clinical outcome.
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10
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Pinheiro NM, Banzato R, Tibério I, Prado MAM, Prado VF, Hamouda AK, Prado CM. Acute Lung Injury in Cholinergic-Deficient Mice Supports Anti-Inflammatory Role of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147552. [PMID: 34299169 PMCID: PMC8303767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The lung cholinergic pathway is important for controlling pulmonary inflammation in acute lung injury, a condition that is characterized by a sudden onset and intense inflammation. This study investigated changes in the expression levels of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR and mAChR) in the lung during acute lung injury. (2) Methods: acute lung injury (ALI) was induced in wild-type and cholinergic-deficient (VAChT-KDHOM) mice using intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) instillation with or without concurrent treatment with nicotinic ligands. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected to evaluate markers of inflammation, and then the lung was removed and processed for isolation of membrane fraction and determination of acetylcholine receptors level using radioligand binding assays. (3) Results: LPS-induced increase in lung inflammatory markers (e.g., neutrophils and IL-1β) was significantly higher in VAChT-KDHOM than wild-type mice. In contrast, LPS treatment resulted in a significant increase in lung’s α7 nicotinic receptor level in wild-type, but not in VAChT-KDHOM mice. However, treatment with PNU 282987, a selective α7 nicotinic receptor agonist, restored VAChT-KDHOM mice’s ability to increase α7 nicotinic receptor levels in response to LPS-induced acute lung injury and reduced lung inflammation. LPS also increased muscarinic receptors level in VAChT-KDHOM mice, and PNU 282987 treatment reduced this response. (4) Conclusions: Our data indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of the lung cholinergic system involve an increase in the level of α7 nicotinic receptors. Pharmacological agents that increase the expression or the function of lung α7 nicotinic receptors have potential clinical uses for treating acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia M. Pinheiro
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil;
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA;
| | - Rosana Banzato
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (I.T.); (V.F.P.)
| | - Iolanda Tibério
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (I.T.); (V.F.P.)
| | - Marco A. M. Prado
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Vânia F. Prado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, SP, Brazil; (R.B.); (I.T.); (V.F.P.)
- Molecular Medicine Group, Robarts Research Institute, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada;
| | - Ayman K. Hamouda
- College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA;
| | - Carla M. Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos 11015-020, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-13-3229-0118
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11
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Liu L, Stephens B, Bergman M, May A, Chiang T. Role of Collagen in Airway Mechanics. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:13. [PMID: 33467161 PMCID: PMC7830870 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant airway extracellular matrix component and is the primary determinant of mechanical airway properties. Abnormal airway collagen deposition is associated with the pathogenesis and progression of airway disease. Thus, understanding how collagen affects healthy airway tissue mechanics is essential. The impact of abnormal collagen deposition and tissue stiffness has been an area of interest in pulmonary diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this review, we discuss (1) the role of collagen in airway mechanics, (2) macro- and micro-scale approaches to quantify airway mechanics, and (3) pathologic changes associated with collagen deposition in airway diseases. These studies provide important insights into the role of collagen in airway mechanics. We summarize their achievements and seek to provide biomechanical clues for targeted therapies and regenerative medicine to treat airway pathology and address airway defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lumei Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA;
| | - Brooke Stephens
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Maxwell Bergman
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Anne May
- Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Tendy Chiang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43215, USA;
- Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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12
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Barboza PA, Machado MN, Caldeira DDAF, Peixoto MS, Cruz LF, Takiya CM, Carvalho AR, de Abreu MB, Fortunato RS, Zin WA. Acute cylindrospermopsin exposure: Pulmonary and liver harm and mitigation by dexamethasone. Toxicon 2020; 191:18-24. [PMID: 33359390 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is a cyanotoxin of increasing worldwide environmental importance as it can harm human beings. Dexamethasone is a steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Thus, we aimed at evaluating the pulmonary outcomes of acute CYN intoxication and their putative mitigation by dexamethasone. Male BALB/c mice received intratracheally a single dose of saline or CYN (140 μg/kg). Eighteen hours after exposure, mice instilled with either saline solution (Ctrl) or CYN were intramuscularly treated with saline (Tox) or 2 mg/kg dexamethasone (Tox + dexa) every 6 h for 48 h. Pulmonary mechanics was evaluated 66 h after instillation using the forced oscillation technique (flexiVent) to determine airway resistance (RN), tissue viscance (G) and elastance (H). After euthanasia, the lungs were removed and separated for quantification of CYN, myeloperoxidase activity and IL-6 and IL-17 levels plus histological analysis. CYN was also measured in the liver. CYN increased G and H, alveolar collapse, PMN cells infiltration, elastic and collagen fibers, activated macrophages, peroxidase activity in lung and hepatic tissues, as well as IL-6 and IL-17 levels in the lung. Tox + Dexa mice presented total or partial reversion of the aforementioned alterations. Briefly, CYN impaired pulmonary and hepatic characteristics that were mitigated by dexamethasone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Apolinario Barboza
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Nascimento Machado
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Milena Simões Peixoto
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Luis Felipe Cruz
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Alysson Roncally Carvalho
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Boechat de Abreu
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Soares Fortunato
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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13
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Huidobro C, Martín-Vicente P, López-Martínez C, Alonso-López I, Amado-Rodríguez L, Crespo I, M Albaiceta G. Cellular and molecular features of senescence in acute lung injury. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 193:111410. [PMID: 33249191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A wide range of insults can trigger acute injury in the lungs, which eventually may lead to respiratory failure and death of patients. Current treatment relies mainly on supportive measures and mechanical ventilation. Even so, survivors frequently develop important sequels that compromise quality of life. In the search for new approaches to prevent and treat acute lung injury, many investigations have focused on molecular and cellular pathways which could exert a pathogenic role in this disease. Herein, we review recent findings in the literature suggesting that cellular senescence could be involved in lung injury and discuss the potential use of senotherapies to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Covadonga Huidobro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Paula Martín-Vicente
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Cecilia López-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Inés Alonso-López
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura Amado-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Irene Crespo
- Departamento de Biología Funcional. Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Guillermo M Albaiceta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER)-Enfermedades Respiratorias, Calle de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Calle Fernando Bongera s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain; Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Cardiológicos, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011, Oviedo, Spain; Departamento de Biología Funcional. Universidad de Oviedo, C/ Julián Clavería s/n, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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14
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Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Are More Effective Than Their Extracellular Vesicles at Reducing Lung Injury Regardless of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Etiology. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:8262849. [PMID: 31531026 PMCID: PMC6720722 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8262849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated beneficial effects on experimental acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), preconditioning may be required to potentiate their therapeutic effects. Additionally, administration of cell-free products, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs) obtained from MSC-conditioned media, might be as effective as MSCs. In this study, we comparatively evaluated the effects of MSCs, preconditioned or not with serum collected from mice with pulmonary or extrapulmonary ARDS (ARDSp and ARDSexp, respectively), and the EVs derived from these cells on lung inflammation and remodeling in ARDSp and ARDSexp mice. Administration of MSCs (preconditioned or not), but not their EVs, reduced static lung elastance, interstitial edema, and collagen fiber content in both ARDSp and ARDSexp. Although MSCs and EVs reduced alveolar collapse and neutrophil cell counts in lung tissue, therapeutic responses were superior in mice receiving MSCs, regardless of preconditioning. Despite higher total cell, macrophage, and neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in ARDSp than ARDSexp, MSCs and EVs (preconditioned or not) led to a similar decrease. In ARDSp, both MSCs and EVs, regardless of preconditioning, reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α, interleukin-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and transforming growth factor- (TGF-) β in lung homogenates. In ARDSexp, TNF-α, interleukin-6, and KC levels were reduced by MSCs and EVs, preconditioned or not; only MSCs reduced VEGF levels, while TGF-β levels were similarly increased in ARDSexp treated either with saline, MSCs, or EVs, regardless of preconditioning. In conclusion, MSCs yielded greater overall improvement in ARDS in comparison to EVs derived from the same number of cells and regardless of the preconditioning status. However, the effects of MSCs and EVs differed according to ARDS etiology.
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15
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Elfsmark L, Ågren L, Akfur C, Wigenstam E, Bergström U, Jonasson S. Comparisons of acute inflammatory responses of nose-only inhalation and intratracheal instillation of ammonia in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:107-118. [PMID: 31039646 DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2019.1606367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish a rat model with respiratory and pulmonary responses caused by inhalation exposure to non-lethal concentrations of ammonia (NH3) that can be used for evaluation of new medical countermeasure strategies for NH3-induced acute lung injury (ALI). This is of great value since no specific antidotes of NH3-induced injuries exist and medical management relies on supportive and symptomatically relieving efforts. Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (8-9 weeks old, 213g ± 2g) were exposed to NH3 using two different exposure regimens; nose-only inhalation or intratracheal instillation. The experiment was terminated 5 h, 24 h, 14 and 28 days post-exposure. Results: Nose-only inhalation of NH3 (9000-15 000 ppm) resulted in increased salivation and labored breathing directly post-exposure. Exposure did not increase inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but exposure to 12 000 ppm NH3 during 15 min reduced body weight and induced coagulation abnormalities by increasing serum fibrinogen levels. All animals were relatively recovered by 24 h. Intratracheal instillation of NH3 (1%) caused early symptoms of ALI including airway hyperresponsiveness, neutrophilic lung inflammation and altered levels of coagulation factors (increased fibrinogen and PAI-1) and early biomarkers of ALI (IL-18, MMP-9, TGFβ) which was followed by increased deposition of newly produced collagen 14 days later. Histopathology analysis at 5 h revealed epithelial desquamation and that most lesions were healed after 14 days. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that intratracheal instillation can reproduce several early hallmarks of ALI. Our findings therefore support that the intratracheal instillation exposure regimen can be used for new medical countermeasure strategies for NH3-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Elfsmark
- a CBRN Defence and Security , Swedish Defence Research Agency , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Lina Ågren
- a CBRN Defence and Security , Swedish Defence Research Agency , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Christine Akfur
- a CBRN Defence and Security , Swedish Defence Research Agency , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Wigenstam
- a CBRN Defence and Security , Swedish Defence Research Agency , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Ulrika Bergström
- a CBRN Defence and Security , Swedish Defence Research Agency , Umeå , Sweden
| | - Sofia Jonasson
- a CBRN Defence and Security , Swedish Defence Research Agency , Umeå , Sweden
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16
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Ito JT, Lourenço JD, Righetti RF, Tibério IFLC, Prado CM, Lopes FDTQS. Extracellular Matrix Component Remodeling in Respiratory Diseases: What Has Been Found in Clinical and Experimental Studies? Cells 2019; 8:cells8040342. [PMID: 30979017 PMCID: PMC6523091 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the lungs are associated with the progression of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Experimental and clinical studies have revealed that structural changes in ECM components occur under chronic inflammatory conditions, and these changes are associated with impaired lung function. In bronchial asthma, elastic and collagen fiber remodeling, mostly in the airway walls, is associated with an increase in mucus secretion, leading to airway hyperreactivity. In COPD, changes in collagen subtypes I and III and elastin, interfere with the mechanical properties of the lungs, and are believed to play a pivotal role in decreased lung elasticity, during emphysema progression. In ARDS, interstitial edema is often accompanied by excessive deposition of fibronectin and collagen subtypes I and III, which can lead to respiratory failure in the intensive care unit. This review uses experimental models and human studies to describe how inflammatory conditions and ECM remodeling contribute to the loss of lung function in these respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana T Ito
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Juliana D Lourenço
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Renato F Righetti
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
- Rehabilitation service, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, Sao Paulo 01308-050, Brazil.
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Bioscience, Laboratory of Studies in Pulmonary Inflammation, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Santos 11015-020, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda D T Q S Lopes
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics/LIM-20, School of Medicine of University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.
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17
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Magalhães CB, Casquilho NV, Machado MN, Riva DR, Travassos LH, Leal-Cardoso JH, Fortunato RS, Faffe DS, Zin WA. The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative actions of eugenol improve lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2019; 259:30-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Gibney BC, Wagner WL, Ysasi AB, Belle JM, Tsuda A, Ackermann M, Mentzer SJ. Structural and functional evidence for the scaffolding effect of alveolar blood vessels. Exp Lung Res 2017; 43:337-346. [PMID: 29206488 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1368739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A contribution of pulmonary blood distension to alveolar opening was first proposed more than 100 years ago. To investigate the contribution of blood distension to lung mechanics, we studied control mice (normal perfusion), mice after exsanguination (absent perfusion) and mice after varying degrees of parenchymal resection (supra-normal perfusion). On inflation, mean tracheal pressures were higher in the bloodless mouse (4.0 ± 2.5 cm H2O); however, there was minimal difference between conditions on deflation (0.7 ± 0.9 cm H2O). To separate the peripheral and central mechanical effects of blood volume, multi-frequency lung impedance data was fitted to the constant-phase model. The presence or absence of blood had no effect on central airway resistance (p > .05). In contrast, measures of tissue damping (G), tissue elastance (H) and hysteresivity (η) demonstrated a significant increase in bloodless mice relative to control mice (p < .001). After varying amount of surgical resection and associated supra-normal perfusion of the remaining lung, there was an increase in G and H. Although the absolute difference in G and H increased with the amount of parenchymal resection, the proportional contribution of blood was identical in all conditions. The presence of blood in the pulmonary vasculature resulted in a constant 64 ± 5% reduction in tissue damping (G) and a 55 ± 4% reduction in tissue elastance (H). This nearly-constant contribution of blood to lung hysteresivity was only reduced by positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). To identify a distinct structural subset of vessels in the lung potentially contributing to these observations, vascular casting and scanning electron microscopy of the lung demonstrated morphologically distinct vascular rings at the alveolar opening. Our results suggest that intravascular blood distension, likely attributable to a subset of vessels in the alveolar entrance ring, contributes a measurable scaffolding effect to the functional recruitment of the peripheral lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry C Gibney
- a Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology , Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard, Medical School , Boston , MA
| | - Willi L Wagner
- b Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Alexandra B Ysasi
- a Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology , Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard, Medical School , Boston , MA
| | - Janeil M Belle
- a Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology , Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard, Medical School , Boston , MA
| | - Akira Tsuda
- c Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences , Harvard School of Public Health , Boston , MA
| | - Maximilian Ackermann
- b Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy , University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University , Mainz , Germany
| | - Steven J Mentzer
- a Laboratory of Adaptive and Regenerative Biology , Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard, Medical School , Boston , MA
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Oliveira VR, Carvalho GMC, Casquilho NV, Moreira-Gomes MD, Soares RM, Azevedo SMFO, Lima LM, Barreiro EJ, Takiya CM, Zin WA. Lung and liver responses to 1- and 7-day treatments with LASSBio-596 in mice subchronically intoxicated by microcystin-LR. Toxicon 2017; 141:1-8. [PMID: 29097245 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2017.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) can cause serious injuries upon short- and long-term exposures that can be prevented by LASSBio-596 (LB-596), an anti-inflammatory compound. We aimed to test LB-596 following subchronic exposure to MC-LR. Swiss mice received 10 intraperitoneal injections of distilled water (DW) or MC-LR (20 μg/kg bw) every 2 days. On the 10th injection animals receiving DW were gavaged with DW or 50 mg/kg bw of LB-596 for 1 or 7 days (C1D, C7D, CL1D and CL7D groups), whereas those exposed to MC-LR received either DW or 50 mg/kg of LB-596 for 1 or 7 days (T1D, T7D, TL1D and TL7D groups). Twelve hours after the last gavage we assessed respiratory mechanics, and extracted lung and liver for histology, apoptosis, inflammatory biomarkers and MC-LR content. C1D, C7D, CL1D and CL7D were all similar. Mechanical parameters were significantly higher in T1D and T7D compared to the other groups. LB-596 reversed these changes on day 1 of administration. LB-596 reduced inflammatory mediators in lung and liver on day 1 of treatment. On day 7 apoptosis in liver and lung fell even more. Briefly, 7-day administration completely reversed lung and liver changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Rosa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Natália Vasconcelos Casquilho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Diana Moreira-Gomes
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Superior Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Raquel Moraes Soares
- NUMPEX-BIO - Multidisciplinar Center of Biological Research, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Polo Xerém, Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria F O Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidia Moreira Lima
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio(®)), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eliezer Jesus Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio(®)), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Christina Maeda Takiya
- Laboratory of Immunopathology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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20
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Chu KE, Fong Y, Wang D, Chen CF, Yeh DYW. Pretreatment of a matrix metalloproteases inhibitor and aprotinin attenuated the development of acute pancreatitis-induced lung injury in rat model. Immunobiology 2017; 223:64-72. [PMID: 29030007 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most common extra-pancreatic complications of acute pancreatitis. In this study, we examined the protective effect of protease inhibitor aprotinin and a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi) on pulmonary inflammation in rats with severe pancreatitis-associated ALI. METHOD A rat model of acute pancreatitis (AP) was established by injecting sodium glycodeoxycholate (GDOC) into the pancreatic duct. Pharmacological interventions included pretreatment with a protease inhibitor aprotinin (10mg/kg) and a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor (MMPi, 100g/kg). The extent of pancreatic and lung injury and systemic inflammation was assessed by examinations of blood, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), and lung tissue. Pancreatic or lung tissue edema was evaluated by tissue water content. Pulmonary arterial pressure and alveolar-capillary membrane permeability were evaluated post-injury via a catheter inserted into the pulmonary artery in an isolated, perfused lung model. RESULTS Pre-treatment with aprotinin or MMPi significantly decreased amylase and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and the wet/dry weight ratio of the lung and pancreas in AP rats. Compared to the GDOC alone group, administration of aprotinin or MMPi prevented pancreatitis-induced IL-6 increases in the lung. Similarly, treatment with aprotinin or MMPi significantly decreased the accumulation of white blood cells, oxygen radicals, nitrite/nitrates in both blood and BAL, and markedly reduced lung permeability. CONCLUSION Pretreatment with either aprotinin or MMPi attenuated the systemic inflammation and reduced the severity of lung and pancreas injuries. In short, our study demonstrated that inhibition of protease may be therapeutic to pulmonary inflammation in this GDOC-induced AP model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-En Chu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao Fong
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Foundation Medical Center, Tainan
| | - David Wang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chao Fuh Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Diana Yu-Wung Yeh
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Chest Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Spengler D, Winoto-Morbach S, Kupsch S, Vock C, Blöchle K, Frank S, Rintz N, Diekötter M, Janga H, Weckmann M, Fuchs S, Schromm AB, Fehrenbach H, Schütze S, Krause MF. Novel therapeutic roles for surfactant-inositols and -phosphatidylglycerols in a neonatal piglet ARDS model: a translational study. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L32-L53. [PMID: 28860142 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00128.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological and immune-protective properties of surfactant-derived phospholipids and phospholipid subfractions in the context of neonatal inflammatory lung disease are widely unknown. Using a porcine neonatal triple-hit acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) model (repeated airway lavage, overventilation, and LPS instillation into airways), we assessed whether the supplementation of surfactant (S; poractant alfa) with inositol derivatives [inositol 1,2,6-trisphosphate (IP3) or phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PIP2)] or phosphatidylglycerol subfractions [16:0/18:1-palmitoyloleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) or 18:1/18:1-dioleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DOPG)] would result in improved clinical parameters and sought to characterize changes in key inflammatory pathways behind these improvements. Within 72 h of mechanical ventilation, the oxygenation index (S+IP3, S+PIP2, and S+POPG), the ventilation efficiency index (S+IP3 and S+POPG), the compliance (S+IP3 and S+POPG) and resistance (S+POPG) of the respiratory system, and the extravascular lung water index (S+IP3 and S+POPG) significantly improved compared with S treatment alone. The inositol derivatives (mainly S+IP3) exerted their actions by suppressing acid sphingomyelinase activity and dependent ceramide production, linked with the suppression of the inflammasome nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat-containing protein-3 (NLRP3)-apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC)-caspase-1 complex, and the profibrotic response represented by the cytokines transforming growth factor-β1 and IFN-γ, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1/8, and elastin. In addition, IκB kinase activity was significantly reduced. S+POPG and S+DOPG treatment inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte activity (MMP-8 and myeloperoxidase) and the production of interleukin-6, maintained alveolar-capillary barrier functions, and reduced alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, all of which resulted in reduced pulmonary edema. S+DOPG also limited the profibrotic response. We conclude that highly concentrated inositol derivatives and phosphatidylglycerol subfractions in surfactant preparations mitigate key inflammatory pathways in inflammatory lung disease and that their clinical application may be of interest for future treatment of the acute exudative phase of neonatal ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar Spengler
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Supandi Winoto-Morbach
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Sarah Kupsch
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christina Vock
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Katharina Blöchle
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Susanna Frank
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Nele Rintz
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Marie Diekötter
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany.,Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Harshavardhan Janga
- Section of Experimental Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Markus Weckmann
- Division of Pediatric Pneumology and Allergology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck , Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Sabine Fuchs
- Section of Experimental Traumatology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Andra B Schromm
- Division of Immunobiophysics, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Heinz Fehrenbach
- Division of Experimental Pneumology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany.,Airway Research Center North, German Center for Lung Research, Lübeck and Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
| | - Martin F Krause
- Department of General Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel , Germany
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22
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Caceres AI, Liu B, Jabba SV, Achanta S, Morris JB, Jordt SE. Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8 channels mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptol. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:867-879. [PMID: 28240768 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Eucalyptol (1,8-cineol), the major ingredient in the essential oil of eucalyptus leaves and other medicinal plants, has long been known for its anti-inflammatory properties. Eucalyptol interacts with the TRP cation channels among other targets, but it is unclear which of these mediates its anti-inflammatory effects. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of eucalyptol were compared in wild-type and TRPM8 channel-deficient mice in two different models: footpad inflammation elicited by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and pulmonary inflammation following administration of LPS. Oedema formation, behavioural inflammatory pain responses, leukocyte infiltration, enzyme activities and cytokine and chemokine levels were measured. KEY RESULTS In the CFA model, eucalyptol strongly attenuated oedema and mechanical allodynia and reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6), effects comparable with those of ibuprofen. In the LPS model of pulmonary inflammation, eucalyptol treatment diminished leukocyte infiltration, myeloperoxidase activity and production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ and IL-6. Genetic deletion of TRPM8 channels abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of eucalyptol in both models. Eucalyptol was at least sixfold more potent on human, than on mouse TRPM8 channels. A metabolite of eucalyptol, 2-hydroxy-1,8-cineol, also activated human TRPM8 channels. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Among the pharmacological targets of eucalyptol, TRPM8 channels were essential for its anti-inflammatory effects in mice. Human TRPM8 channels are more sensitive to eucalyptol than rodent TRPM8 channels explaining the higher potency of eucalyptol in humans. Metabolites of eucalyptol could contribute to its anti-inflammatory effects. The development of more potent and selective TRPM8 agonists may yield novel anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Caceres
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Boyi Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The 3rd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sairam V Jabba
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - John B Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Sven-Eric Jordt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science (TCORS), Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Wu C, Evans CE, Dai Z, Huang X, Zhang X, Jin H, Hu G, Song Y, Zhao YY. Lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia in corn oil-preloaded mice causes an extended course of lung injury and repair and pulmonary fibrosis: A translational mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174327. [PMID: 28333981 PMCID: PMC5363928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by acute hypoxemia respiratory failure, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, and pulmonary edema of non-cardiac origin. Effective treatments for ARDS patients may arise from experimental studies with translational mouse models of this disease that aim to delineate the mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis. Mouse models of ARDS, however, can be limited by their rapid progression from injured to recovery state, which is in contrast to the course of ARDS in humans. Furthermore, current mouse models of ARDS do not recapitulate certain prominent aspects of the pathogenesis of ARDS in humans. In this study, we developed an improved endotoxemic mouse model of ARDS resembling many features of clinical ARDS including extended courses of injury and recovery as well as development of fibrosis following i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to corn oil-preloaded mice. Compared with mice receiving LPS alone, those receiving corn oil and LPS exhibited extended course of lung injury and repair that occurred over a period of >2 weeks instead of 3–5days. Importantly, LPS challenge of corn oil-preloaded mice resulted in pulmonary fibrosis during the repair phase as often seen in ARDS patients. In summary, this simple novel mouse model of ARDS could represent a valuable experimental tool to elucidate mechanisms that regulate lung injury and repair in ARDS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaomin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Qingpu Branch of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Colin E. Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiyu Dai
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xianming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Guochang Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - You-Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Lai JB, Qiu CF, Chen CX, Chen MY, Chen J, Guan XD, Ouyang B. Inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase Signaling Pathway Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1719-24. [PMID: 27411461 PMCID: PMC4960963 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.185867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is still one of the major challenges in critically ill patients. This study aimed to investigate the effect of inhibiting c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) on ARDS in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS rat model. Methods: Thirty-six rats were randomized into three groups: control, LPS, and LPS + JNK inhibitor. Rats were sacrificed 8 h after LPS treatment. The lung edema was observed by measuring the wet-to-dry weight (W/D) ratio of the lung. The severity of pulmonary inflammation was observed by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of lung tissue. Moreover, the neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were counted to observe the airway inflammation. In addition, lung collagen accumulation was quantified by Sircol Collagen Assay. At the same time, the pulmonary histologic examination was performed, and lung injury score was achieved in all three groups. Results: MPO activity in lung tissue was found increased in rats treated with LPS comparing with that in control (1.26 ± 0.15 U in LPS vs. 0.77 ± 0.27 U in control, P < 0.05). Inhibiting JNK attenuated LPS-induced MPO activity upregulation (0.52 ± 0.12 U in LPS + JNK inhibitor vs. 1.26 ± 0.15 U in LPS, P < 0.05). Neutrophils in BALF were also found to be increased with LPS treatment, and inhibiting JNK attenuated LPS-induced neutrophils increase in BALF (255.0 ± 164.4 in LPS vs. 53 (44.5-103) in control vs. 127.0 ± 44.3 in LPS + JNK inhibitor, P < 0.05). At the same time, the lung injury score showed a reduction in LPS + JNK inhibitor group comparing with that in LPS group (13.42 ± 4.82 vs. 7.00 ± 1.83, P = 0.001). However, the lung W/D ratio and the collagen in BALF did not show any differences between LPS and LPS + JNK inhibitor group. Conclusions: Inhibiting JNK alleviated LPS-induced acute lung inflammation and had no effects on pulmonary edema and fibrosis. JNK inhibitor might be a potential therapeutic medication in ARDS, in the context of reducing lung inflammatory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Lai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chun-Fang Qiu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Min-Ying Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Guan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Bin Ouyang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
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25
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Bittencourt-Mernak MI, Pinheiro NM, Santana FPR, Guerreiro MP, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Grecco SS, Caperuto LC, Felizardo RJF, Câmara NOS, Tibério IFLC, Martins MA, Lago JHG, Prado CM. Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with the flavonone sakuranetin ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 312:L217-L230. [PMID: 27881407 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00444.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sakuranetin is the main isolate flavonoid from Baccharis retusa (Asteraceae) leaves and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is an acute failure of the respiratory system for which effective treatment is urgently necessary. This study investigated the preventive and therapeutic effects of sakuranetin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice. Animals were treated with intranasal sakuranetin 30 min before or 6 h after instillation of LPS. Twenty-four hours after ALI was induced, lung function, inflammation, macrophages population markers, collagen fiber deposition, the extent of oxidative stress, and the expression of matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), tissue inhibitor of MMP-9 (TIMP-1) and NF-κB were evaluated. The animals began to show lung alterations 6 h after LPS instillation, and these changes persisted until 24 h after LPS administration. Preventive and therapeutic treatment with sakuranetin reduced the neutrophils in the peripheral blood and in the bronchial alveolar lavage. Sakuranetin treatment also reduced macrophage populations, particularly that of M1-like macrophages. In addition, sakurnaetin treatment reduced keratinocyte-derived chemokines (IL-8 homolog) and NF-κB levels, collagen fiber formation, MMM-9 and TIMP-1-positive cells, and oxidative stress in lung tissues compared with LPS animals treated with vehicle. Finally, sakuranetin treatment also reduced total protein, and the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the lung. This study shows that sakuranetin prevented and reduced pulmonary inflammation induced by LPS. Because sakuranetin modulates oxidative stress, the NF-κB pathway, and lung function, it may constitute a novel therapeutic candidate to prevent and treat ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nathalia M Pinheiro
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marina P Guerreiro
- Biological Science Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Beatriz M Saraiva-Romanholo
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,University City of São Paulo (UNICID), São Paulo, Brazil.,Institute of Medical Assistance to the State Public Servant of São Paulo (IAMSPE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone S Grecco
- Earth and Exact Science, Federal University of Brazil, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Caperuto
- Biological Science Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Raphael J F Felizardo
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Immunology Department, Biological Science Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | | | - Mílton A Martins
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carla M Prado
- Biological Science Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil; .,Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Bioscience Department, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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26
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Pinheiro NM, Santana FPR, Almeida RR, Guerreiro M, Martins MA, Caperuto LC, Câmara NOS, Wensing LA, Prado VF, Tibério IFLC, Prado MAM, Prado CM. Acute lung injury is reduced by the α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 through changes in the macrophage profile. FASEB J 2016; 31:320-332. [PMID: 27729414 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600431r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinic α-7 acetylcholine receptor (nAChRα7) is a critical regulator of cholinergic anti-inflammatory actions in several diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Given the potential importance of α7nAChR as a therapeutic target, we evaluated whether PNU-282987, an α7nAChR agonist, is effective in protecting the lung against inflammation. We performed intratracheal instillation of LPS to generate acute lung injury (ALI) in C57BL/6 mice. PNU-282987 treatment, either before or after ALI induction, reduced neutrophil recruitment and IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC), and IL-10 cytokine levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (P < 0.05). In addition, lung NF-κB phosphorylation decreased, along with collagen fiber deposition and the number of matrix metalloproteinase-9+ and -2+ cells, whereas the number of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1+ cells increased (P < 0.05). PNU-282987 treatment also reduced lung mRNA levels and the frequency of M1 macrophages, whereas cells expressing the M2-related markers CD206 and IL-10 increased, suggesting changes in the macrophage profile. Finally, PNU-282987 improved lung function in LPS-treated animals. The collective results suggest that PNU-282987, an agonist of α7nAChR, reduces LPS-induced experimental ALI, thus supporting the notion that drugs that act on α7nAChRs should be explored for ARDS treatment in humans.-Pinheiro, N. M., Santana, F. P. R., Almeida, R. R., Guerreiro, M., Martins, M. A., Caperuto, L. C., Câmara, N. O. S., Wensing, L. A., Prado, V. F., Tibério, I. F. L. C., Prado, M. A. M., Prado, C. M. Acute lung injury is reduced by the α7nAChR agonist PNU-282987 through changes in the macrophage profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia M Pinheiro
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P R Santana
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Guerreiro
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Caperuto
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Department of Immunology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vânia F Prado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Iolanda F L C Tibério
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Antônio M Prado
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Carla M Prado
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; .,Department of Bioscience, Federal University of São Paulo, Campus Baixada Santista, Santos, Brazil
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27
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Henderson WR, Molgat-Seon Y, Dominelli PB, Brasher PMA, Griesdale DEG, Foster GE, Yacyshyn A, Ayas NT, Sheel AW. Gas density alters expiratory time constants before and after experimental lung injury. Exp Physiol 2016; 100:1217-28. [PMID: 26289254 DOI: 10.1113/ep085205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does the induction of a model of lung injury affect the expiratory time constant (τE) in terms of either total duration or morphology? Does ventilation with gases of different densities alter the duration or morphology of τE either before or after injury? What is the main finding and its importance? The use of sulfur hexafluoride in ventilating gas mixtures lengthens total expiratory time constants before and after lung injury compared with both nitrogen and helium mixtures. Sulfur hexafluoride mixtures also decrease the difference and variability of τE between fast- and slow-emptying compartments before and after injury when compared with nitrogen and helium mixtures. Acute lung injury is characterized by regional heterogeneity of lung resistance and elastance that may lead to regional heterogeneity of expiratory time constants (τE). We hypothesized that increasing airflow resistance by using inhaled sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) would lengthen time constants and decrease their heterogeneity in an experimental model of lung injury when compared with nitrogen or helium mixtures. To overcome the limitations of a single-compartment model, we employed a multisegment model of expiratory gas flow. An experimental model of lung injury was created using intratracheal injection of sodium polyacrylate in anaesthetized and mechanically ventilated female Yorkshire-cross pigs (n = 7). The animals were ventilated with 50% O2 and the remaining 50% as nitrogen (N2), helium (He) or sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Values for τE decreased with injury and were more variable after injury than before (P < 0.001). Values for τE increased throughout expiration both before and after injury, and the rate of increase in τE was lessened by SF6 (P < 0.001 when compared with N2 both before and after injury). Altering the inhaled gas density did not affect indices of oxygenation, dead space or shunt. The use of SF6 in ventilating gas mixtures lengthens total expiratory time constants before and after lung injury compared with both N2 and He mixtures. Importantly, SF6 mixtures also decrease the difference and variability of τE between fast- and slow-emptying compartments before and after injury when compared with N2 and He mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Henderson
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yannick Molgat-Seon
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paolo B Dominelli
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Penelope M A Brasher
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology & Evaluation, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Donald E G Griesdale
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Glen E Foster
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexandra Yacyshyn
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Najib T Ayas
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - A William Sheel
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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28
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Carvalho GMC, Oliveira VR, Casquilho NV, Araujo ACP, Soares RM, Azevedo SMFO, Pires KMP, Valença SS, Zin WA. Pulmonary and hepatic injury after sub-chronic exposure to sublethal doses of microcystin-LR. Toxicon 2016; 112:51-8. [PMID: 26844922 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We had previously shown that microcystin-LR (MCLR) could induce lung and liver inflammation after acute exposure. The biological outcomes following prolonged exposure to MCLR, although more frequent, are still poorly understood. Thus, we aimed to verify whether repeated doses of MCLR could damage lung and liver and evaluate the dose-dependence of the results. Male Swiss mice received 10 intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) of distilled water (60 μL, CTRL) or different doses of MCLR (5 μg/kg, TOX5), 10 μg/kg (TOX10), 15 μg/kg (TOX15) and 20 μg/kg (TOX20) every other day. On the tenth injection respiratory mechanics (lung resistive and viscoelastic/inhomogeneous pressures, static elastance, and viscoelastic component of elastance) was measured. Lungs and liver were prepared for histology (morphometry and cellularity) and inflammatory mediators (KC and MIP-2) determination. All mechanical parameters and alveolar collapse were significantly higher in TOX5, 10, 15 and 20 than CTRL, but did not differ among them. Lung inflammatory cell content increased dose-dependently in all TOX groups in relation to CTRL, being TOX20 the largest. The production of KC was increased in lung and liver homogenates. MIP-2 increased in the liver of all TOX groups, but in lung homogenates it was significantly higher only in TOX20 group. All TOX mice livers showed steatosis, necrosis, inflammatory foci and a high degree of binucleated hepatocytes. In conclusion, sub-chronic exposure to MCLR damaged lung and liver in all doses, with a more important lung inflammation in TOX20 group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinícius Rosa Oliveira
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Natália Vasconcelos Casquilho
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa Cristine Pereira Araujo
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Moraes Soares
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria F O Azevedo
- Laboratory of Ecophysiology and Toxicology of Cyanobacteria, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karla Maria Pereira Pires
- Laboratory of Integrative Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Valença
- Laboratory of Integrative Histology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Walter Araujo Zin
- Laboratory of Respiration Physiology, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Silva PL, Rocco PRM, Pelosi P. FG-4497: a new target for acute respiratory distress syndrome? Expert Rev Respir Med 2015; 9:405-9. [PMID: 26181437 DOI: 10.1586/17476348.2015.1065181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The morbidity and mortality rates associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain high and the development of new therapeutic strategies is urgently required. Some pharmacological treatments, proposed or under evaluation for ARDS, seek to protect the endothelium and consequently mitigate fluid extravasation into the alveolar space. FG-4497 is a new compound which acts as a prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 inhibitor and mimics hypoxia in the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor-2α signaling, decreasing VE-cadherin phosphorylation and thus promoting integrity of adherens junctions. In this special report, we discuss the pharmacological characteristics of FG-4497, its effect on lung parenchyma and other organs and future perspectives in ARDS. In short, FG-4497 may be considered a novel pharmacological option targeting endothelial cell repair in lung diseases such as ARDS. Further experimental and clinical studies are warranted to better understand the mechanisms of action of FG-4497 in different types of lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Leme Silva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, Bloco G-014, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-902, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Oliveira VR, Avila MB, Carvalho GMC, Azevedo SMF, Lima LM, Barreiro EJ, Carvalho AR, Zin WA. Investigating the therapeutic effects of LASSBio-596 in an in vivo model of cylindrospermopsin-induced lung injury. Toxicon 2015; 94:29-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Experimental Lung Injury Promotes Changes in Oxidative/Nitrative Status and Inflammatory Markers in Cerebral Cortex of Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 52:1590-1600. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8961-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Clinical and biological heterogeneity in acute respiratory distress syndrome: direct versus indirect lung injury. Clin Chest Med 2014; 35:639-53. [PMID: 25453415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a heterogeneous group of illnesses affecting the pulmonary parenchyma with acute onset bilateral inflammatory pulmonary infiltrates with associated hypoxemia. ARDS occurs after 2 major types of pulmonary injury: direct lung injury affecting the lung epithelium or indirect lung injury disrupting the vascular endothelium. Greater understanding of the differences between direct and indirect lung injury may refine the classification of patients with ARDS and lead to development of new therapeutics targeted at specific subpopulations of patients with ARDS.
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Uhlig C, Silva PL, Ornellas D, Santos RS, Miranda PJ, Spieth PM, Kiss T, Kasper M, Wiedemann B, Koch T, Morales MM, Pelosi P, de Abreu MG, Rocco PR. The effects of salbutamol on epithelial ion channels depend on the etiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome but not the route of administration. Respir Res 2014; 15:56. [PMID: 24886221 PMCID: PMC4026154 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-15-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction We investigated the effects of intravenous and intratracheal administration of salbutamol on lung morphology and function, expression of ion channels, aquaporin, and markers of inflammation, apoptosis, and alveolar epithelial/endothelial cell damage in experimental pulmonary (p) and extrapulmonary (exp) mild acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods In this prospective randomized controlled experimental study, 56 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to mild ARDS induced by either intratracheal (n = 28, ARDSp) or intraperitoneal (n = 28, ARDSexp) administration of E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Four animals with no lung injury served as controls (NI). After 24 hours, animals were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated in pressure-controlled mode with low tidal volume (6 mL/kg), and randomly assigned to receive salbutamol (SALB) or saline 0.9% (CTRL), intravenously (i.v., 10 μg/kg/h) or intratracheally (bolus, 25 μg). Salbutamol doses were targeted at an increase of ≈ 20% in heart rate. Hemodynamics, lung mechanics, and arterial blood gases were measured before and after (at 30 and 60 min) salbutamol administration. At the end of the experiment, lungs were extracted for analysis of lung histology and molecular biology analysis. Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation, and fold changes relative to NI, CTRL vs. SALB. Results The gene expression of ion channels and aquaporin was increased in mild ARDSp, but not ARDSexp. In ARDSp, intravenous salbutamol resulted in higher gene expression of alveolar epithelial sodium channel (0.20 ± 0.07 vs. 0.68 ± 0.24, p < 0.001), aquaporin-1 (0.44 ± 0.09 vs. 0.96 ± 0.12, p < 0.001) aquaporin-3 (0.31 ± 0.12 vs. 0.93 ± 0.20, p < 0.001), and Na-K-ATPase-α (0.39 ± 0.08 vs. 0.92 ± 0.12, p < 0.001), whereas intratracheal salbutamol increased the gene expression of aquaporin-1 (0.46 ± 0.11 vs. 0.92 ± 0.06, p < 0.001) and Na-K-ATPase-α (0.32 ± 0.07 vs. 0.58 ± 0.15, p < 0.001). In ARDSexp, the gene expression of ion channels and aquaporin was not influenced by salbutamol. Morphological and functional variables and edema formation were not affected by salbutamol in any of the ARDS groups, regardless of the route of administration. Conclusion Salbutamol administration increased the expression of alveolar epithelial ion channels and aquaporin in mild ARDSp, but not ARDSexp, with no effects on lung morphology and function or edema formation. These results may contribute to explain the negative effects of β2-agonists on clinical outcome in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcelo Gama de Abreu
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av, Carlos Chagas Filho s/n, Bloco G-014, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil.
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Ruan SY, Lin HH, Huang CT, Kuo PH, Wu HD, Yu CJ. Exploring the heterogeneity of effects of corticosteroids on acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2014; 18:R63. [PMID: 24708846 PMCID: PMC4056095 DOI: 10.1186/cc13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The effectiveness of corticosteroid therapy on the mortality of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remains under debate. We aimed to explore the grounds for the inconsistent results in previous studies and update the evidence. Methods We searched MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science up to December 2013. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and cohort studies that reported mortality and that had corticosteroid nonusers for comparison. The effect of corticosteroids on ARDS mortality was assessed by relative risk (RR) and risk difference (RD) for ICU, hospital, and 60-day mortality using a random-effects model. Results Eight RCTs and 10 cohort studies were included for analysis. In RCTs, corticosteroids had a possible but statistically insignificant effect on ICU mortality (RD, −0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), −0.53 to −0.03 and RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.24 to 1.25) but no effect on 60-day mortality (RD, −0.01; 95% CI, −0.12 to 0.10 and RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.26). In cohort studies, corticosteroids had no effect on ICU mortality (RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.74 to 1.49) but non-significantly increased 60-day mortality (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.96 to 1.78). In the subgroup analysis by ARDS etiology, corticosteroids significantly increased mortality in influenza-related ARDS (three cohort studies, RR, 2.45, 95% CI, 1.40 to 4.27). Conclusions The effects of corticosteroids on the mortality of ARDS differed by duration of outcome measures and etiologies. Corticosteroids did not improve longer-term outcomes and may cause harm in certain subgroups. Current data do not support routine use of corticosteroids in ARDS. More clinical trials are needed to specify the favorable and unfavorable subgroups for corticosteroid therapy.
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Henderson WR, Barnbrook J, Dominelli PB, Griesdale DE, Arndt T, Molgat-Seon Y, Foster G, Ackland GL, Xu J, Ayas NT, Sheel AW. Administration of intrapulmonary sodium polyacrylate to induce lung injury for the development of a porcine model of early acute respiratory distress syndrome. Intensive Care Med Exp 2014; 2:5. [PMID: 26266906 PMCID: PMC4513039 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The loss of alveolar epithelial and endothelial integrity is a central component in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, experimental models investigating the mechanisms of epithelial injury are lacking. The purpose of the present study was to design and develop an experimental porcine model of ARDS by inducing lung injury with intrapulmonary administration of sodium polyacrylate (SPA). Methods The present study was performed at the Centre for Comparative Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia. Human alveolar epithelial cells were cultured with several different concentrations of SPA; a bioluminescence technique was used to assess cell death associated with each concentration. In the anesthetized pig model (female Yorkshire X pigs (n = 14)), lung injury was caused in 11 animals (SPA group) by injecting sequential aliquots (5 mL) of 1% SPA gel in aqueous solution into the distal airway via a rubber catheter through an endotracheal tube. The SPA was dispersed throughout the lungs by manual bag ventilation. Three control animals (CON group) underwent all experimental procedures and measurements with the exception of SPA administration. Results The mean (± SD) ATP concentration after incubation of human alveolar epithelial cells with 0.1% SPA (0.92 ± 0.27 μM/well) was approximately 15% of the value found for the background control (6.30 ± 0.37 μM/well; p < 0.001). Elastance of the respiratory system (ERS) and the lung (EL) increased in SPA-treated animals after injury (p = 0.003 and p < 0.001, respectively). Chest wall elastance (ECW) did not change in SPA-treated animals. There were no differences in ERS,EL, or ECW in the CON group when pre- and post-injury values were compared. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid showed a significant shift toward neutrophil predominance from before to after injury in SPA-treated animals (p < 0.001) but not in the CON group (p = 0.38). Necropsy revealed marked consolidation and congestion of the dorsal lung lobes in SPA-treated animals, with light-microscopy evidence of bronchiolar and alveolar spaces filled with neutrophilic infiltrate, proteinaceous debris, and fibrin deposition. These findings were absent in animals in the CON group. Electron microscopy of lung tissue from SPA-treated animals revealed injury to the alveolar epithelium and basement membranes, including intra-alveolar neutrophils and fibrin on the alveolar surface and intravascular fibrin (microthrombosis). Conclusions In this particular porcine model, the nonimmunogenic polymer SPA caused a rapid exudative lung injury. This model may be useful to study ARDS caused by epithelial injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Henderson
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK,
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Gardner A, Borthwick LA, Fisher AJ. Lung epithelial wound healing in health and disease. Expert Rev Respir Med 2014; 4:647-60. [DOI: 10.1586/ers.10.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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da Cunha MJ, da Cunha AA, Scherer EBS, Machado FR, Loureiro SO, Jaenisch RB, Guma F, Lago PD, Wyse ATS. Experimental lung injury promotes alterations in energy metabolism and respiratory mechanics in the lungs of rats: prevention by exercise. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 389:229-38. [PMID: 24378995 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we investigated the effects of lung injury on energy metabolism (succinate dehydrogenase, complex II, cytochrome c oxidase, and ATP levels), respiratory mechanics (dynamic and static compliance, elastance and respiratory system resistance) in the lungs of rats, as well as on phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The protective effect of physical exercise on the alterations caused by lung injury, including lung edema was also evaluated. Wistar rats were submitted to 2 months of physical exercise. After this period the lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide. Adult Wistar rats were submitted to 2 months of physical exercise and after this period the lung injury was induced by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide in dose 100 μg/100 g body weight. The sham group received isotonic saline instillation. Twelve hours after the injury was performed the respiratory mechanical and after the rats were decapitated and samples were collected. The rats subjected to lung injury presented a decrease in activities of the enzymes of the electron transport chain and ATP levels in lung, as well as the formation of pulmonary edema. A decreased lung dynamic and static compliance, as well as an increase in respiratory system resistance, and a decrease in phospholipids content were observed. Physical exercise was able to totally prevent the decrease in succinate dehydrogenase and complex II activities and the formation of pulmonary edema. It also partially prevented the increase in respiratory system resistance, but did not prevent the decrease in dynamic and static compliance, as well as in phospholipids content. These findings suggest that the mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the important contributors to lung damage and that physical exercise may be beneficial in this pathology, although it did not prevent all changes present in lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira J da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil
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Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy on the Time Course of Pulmonary Remodeling Depend on the Etiology of Lung Injury in Mice. Crit Care Med 2013; 41:e319-33. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31828a663e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Maron-Gutierrez T, Silva JD, Cruz FF, Alegria S, Xisto DG, Assis EF, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Dos Santos CC, Morales MM, Rocco PRM. Insult-dependent effect of bone marrow cell therapy on inflammatory response in a murine model of extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome. Stem Cell Res Ther 2013; 4:123. [PMID: 24406030 PMCID: PMC3856598 DOI: 10.1186/scrt334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Administration of bone marrow-derived cells produces beneficial effects in experimental extrapulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, there are controversies regarding the effects of timing of cell administration and initial insult severity on inflammatory response. We evaluated the effects of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMDMC) in two models of extrapulmonary ARDS once lung morphofunctional changes had already been installed. Methods BALB/c mice received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneally (5 mg/kg in 0.5 ml saline) or underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Control mice received saline intraperitoneally (0.5 ml) or underwent sham surgery. At 24 hours, groups were further randomized to receive saline or BMDMC (2 × 106) intravenously. Lung mechanics, histology, and humoral and cellular parameters of lung inflammation and remodeling were analyzed 1, 3 and 7 days after ARDS induction. Results BMDMC therapy led to improved survival in the CLP group, reduced lung elastance, alveolar collapse, tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity, collagen fiber content, and interleukin-1β and increased chemokine (keratinocyte-derived chemokine and monocyte chemotactic protein-1) expression in lung tissue regardless of the experimental ARDS model. Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in lung tissue increased after cell therapy depending on the insult (LPS or CLP). Conclusions BMDMC therapy at day 1 successfully reduced lung inflammation and remodeling, thus contributing to improvement of lung mechanics in both extrapulmonary ARDS models. Nevertheless, the different inflammatory responses induced by LPS and CLP resulted in distinct effects of BMDMC therapy. These data may be useful in the clinical setting, as they suggest that the type of initial insult plays a key role in the outcome of treatment.
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Reis Gonçalves CT, Reis Gonçalves CG, de Almeida FM, Lopes FDTQDS, dos Santos Durão ACC, dos Santos FA, da Silva LFF, Marcourakis T, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Vieira RDP, Dolhnikoff M. Protective effects of aerobic exercise on acute lung injury induced by LPS in mice. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R199. [PMID: 23078757 PMCID: PMC3682301 DOI: 10.1186/cc11807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The regular practice of physical exercise has been associated with beneficial effects on various pulmonary conditions. We investigated the mechanisms involved in the protective effect of exercise in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Methods Mice were divided into four groups: Control (CTR), Exercise (Exe), LPS, and Exercise + LPS (Exe + LPS). Exercised mice were trained using low intensity daily exercise for five weeks. LPS and Exe + LPS mice received 200 µg of LPS intratracheally 48 hours after the last physical test. We measured exhaled nitric oxide (eNO); respiratory mechanics; neutrophil density in lung tissue; protein leakage; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell counts; cytokine levels in BALF, plasma and lung tissue; antioxidant activity in lung tissue; and tissue expression of glucocorticoid receptors (Gre). Results LPS instillation resulted in increased eNO, neutrophils in BALF and tissue, pulmonary resistance and elastance, protein leakage, TNF-alpha in lung tissue, plasma levels of IL-6 and IL-10, and IL-1beta, IL-6 and KC levels in BALF compared to CTR (P ≤0.02). Aerobic exercise resulted in decreases in eNO levels, neutrophil density and TNF-alpha expression in lung tissue, pulmonary resistance and elastance, and increased the levels of IL-6, IL-10, superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) and Gre in lung tissue and IL-1beta in BALF compared to the LPS group (P ≤0.04). Conclusions Aerobic exercise plays important roles in protecting the lungs from the inflammatory effects of LPS-induced ALI. The effects of exercise are mainly mediated by the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidants, suggesting that exercise can modulate the inflammatory-anti-inflammatory and the oxidative-antioxidative balance in the early phase of ALI.
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Tejera P, Meyer NJ, Chen F, Feng R, Zhao Y, O'Mahony DS, Li L, Sheu CC, Zhai R, Wang Z, Su L, Bajwa E, Ahasic AM, Clardy PF, Gong MN, Frank AJ, Lanken PN, Thompson BT, Christie JD, Wurfel MM, O'Keefe GE, Christiani DC. Distinct and replicable genetic risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome of pulmonary or extrapulmonary origin. J Med Genet 2012; 49:671-80. [PMID: 23048207 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of genetics in the development of acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) from direct or indirect lung injury has not been specifically investigated. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants contributing to ALI/ARDS from pulmonary or extrapulmonary causes. METHODS We conducted a multistage genetic association study. We first performed a large-scale genotyping (50K ITMAT-Broad_CARe Chip) in 1717 critically ill Caucasian patients with either pulmonary or extrapulmonary injury, to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the development of ARDS from direct or indirect insults to the lung. Identified SNPs (p≤0.0005) were validated in two separated populations (Stage II), with trauma (Population I; n=765) and pneumonia/pulmonary sepsis (Population II; n=838), as causes for ALI/ARDS. Genetic variants replicating their association with trauma related-ALI in Stage II were validated in a second trauma-associated ALI population (n=224, Stage III). RESULTS In Stage I, non-overlapping SNPs were significantly associated with ARDS from direct/indirect lung injury, respectively. The association between rs1190286 (POPDC3) and reduced risk of ARDS from pulmonary injury was validated in Stage II (p<0.003). SNP rs324420 (FAAH) was consistently associated with increased risk of ARDS from extrapulmonary causes in two independent ALI-trauma populations (p<0.006, Stage II; p<0.05, Stage III). Meta-analysis confirmed these associations. CONCLUSIONS Different genetic variants may influence ARDS susceptibility depending on direct versus indirect insults. Functional SNPs in POPDC3 and FAAH genes may be driving the association with direct and indirect ALI/ARDS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Tejera
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Parra ER, Araujo CAL, Lombardi JG, Ab'Saber AM, Carvalho CRR, Kairalla RA, Capelozzi VL. Lymphatic fluctuation in the parenchymal remodeling stage of acute interstitial pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, nonspecific interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 45:466-72. [PMID: 22488224 PMCID: PMC3854286 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Because the superficial lymphatics in the lungs are distributed in the subpleural, interlobular and peribroncovascular interstitium, lymphatic impairment may occur in the lungs of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) and increase their severity. We investigated the distribution of lymphatics in different remodeling stages of IIPs by immunohistochemistry using the D2-40 antibody. Pulmonary tissue was obtained from 69 patients with acute interstitial pneumonia/diffuse alveolar damage (AIP/DAD, N = 24), cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/organizing pneumonia (COP/OP, N = 6), nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP/NSIP, N = 20), and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis/usual interstitial pneumonia (IPF/UIP, N = 19). D2-40+ lymphatic in the lesions was quantitatively determined and associated with remodeling stage score. We observed an increase in the D2-40+ percent from DAD (6.66 ± 1.11) to UIP (23.45 ± 5.24, P = 0.008) with the advanced process of remodeling stage of the lesions. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed a better survival for patients with higher lymphatic D2-40+ expression than 9.3%. Lymphatic impairment occurs in the lungs of IIPs and its severity increases according to remodeling stage. The results suggest that disruption of the superficial lymphatics may impair alveolar clearance, delay organ repair and cause severe disease progress mainly in patients with AIP/DAD. Therefore, lymphatic distribution may serve as a surrogate marker for the identification of patients at greatest risk for death due to IIPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Parra
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brasil.
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de Araújo CC, Silva JD, Samary CS, Guimarães IH, Marques PS, Oliveira GP, do Carmo LGRR, Goldenberg RC, Bakker-Abreu I, Diaz BL, Rocha NN, Capelozzi VL, Pelosi P, Rocco PRM. Regular and moderate exercise before experimental sepsis reduces the risk of lung and distal organ injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1206-14. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01061.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity modulates inflammation and immune response in both normal and pathologic conditions. We investigated whether regular and moderate exercise before the induction of experimental sepsis reduces the risk of lung and distal organ injury and survival. One hundred twenty-four BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to two groups: sedentary (S) and trained (T). Animals in T group ran on a motorized treadmill, at moderate intensity, 5% grade, 30 min/day, 3 times a week for 8 wk. Cardiac adaptation to exercise was evaluated using echocardiography. Systolic volume and left ventricular mass were increased in T compared with S group. Both T and S groups were further randomized either to sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture surgery (CLP) or sham operation (control). After 24 h, lung mechanics and histology, the degree of cell apoptosis in lung, heart, kidney, liver, and small intestine villi, and interleukin (IL)-6, KC (IL-8 murine functional homolog), IL-1β, IL-10, and number of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) and peritoneal lavage (PLF) fluids as well as plasma were measured. In CLP, T compared with S groups showed: 1) improvement in survival; 2) reduced lung static elastance, alveolar collapse, collagen and elastic fiber content, number of neutrophils in BALF, PLF, and plasma, as well as lung and distal organ cell apoptosis; and 3) increased IL-10 in BALF and plasma, with reduced IL-6, KC, and IL-1β in PLF. In conclusion, regular and moderate exercise before the induction of sepsis reduced the risk of lung and distal organ damage, thus increasing survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ilka Bakker-Abreu
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Bruno L. Diaz
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
| | - Nazareth N. Rocha
- Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Cardiology, and
- Department of Physiology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi
| | - Vera L. Capelozzi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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Real JM, Spilborghs GMGT, Morato-Marques M, de Moura RP, Negri EM, Camargo AA, Deheinzelin D, Dias AAM. Pentraxin 3 accelerates lung injury in high tidal volume ventilation in mice. Mol Immunol 2012; 51:82-90. [PMID: 22425349 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2012.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical ventilation is the major cause of iatrogenic lung damage in intensive care units. Although inflammation is known to be involved in ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), several aspects of this process are still unknown. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein with important regulatory functions in inflammation which has been found elevated in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. This study aimed at investigating the direct effect of PTX3 production in the pathogenesis of VILI. Genetically modified mice deficient and that over express murine Ptx3 gene were subjected to high tidal volume ventilation (V(T)=45 mL/kg, PEEP(zero)). Morphological changes and time required for 50% increase in respiratory system elastance were evaluated. Gene expression profile in the lungs was also investigated in earlier times in Ptx3-overexpressing mice. Ptx3 knockout and wild-type mice developed same lung injury degree in similar times (156±42 min and 148±41 min, respectively; p=0.8173). However, Ptx3 over-expression led to a faster development of VILI in Ptx3-overexpressing mice (77±29 min vs 118±41 min, p=0.0225) which also displayed a faster kinetics of Il1b expression and elevated Ptx3, Cxcl1 and Ccl2 transcripts levels in comparison with wild-type mice assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Ptx3 deficiency did not impacted the time for VILI induced by high tidal volume ventilation but Ptx3-overexpression increased inflammatory response and reflected in a faster VILI development.
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Effects of different tidal volumes in pulmonary and extrapulmonary lung injury with or without intraabdominal hypertension. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38:499-508. [PMID: 22234736 DOI: 10.1007/s00134-011-2451-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We hypothesized that: (1) intraabdominal hypertension increases pulmonary inflammatory and fibrogenic responses in acute lung injury (ALI); (2) in the presence of intraabdominal hypertension, higher tidal volume reduces lung damage in extrapulmonary ALI, but not in pulmonary ALI. METHODS Wistar rats were randomly allocated to receive Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide intratracheally (pulmonary ALI) or intraperitoneally (extrapulmonary ALI). After 24 h, animals were randomized into subgroups without or with intraabdominal hypertension (15 mmHg) and ventilated with positive end expiratory pressure = 5 cmH(2)O and tidal volume of 6 or 10 ml/kg during 1 h. Lung and chest wall mechanics, arterial blood gases, lung and distal organ histology, and interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, caspase-3 and type III procollagen (PCIII) mRNA expressions in lung tissue were analyzed. RESULTS With intraabdominal hypertension, (1) chest-wall static elastance increased, and PCIII, IL-1β, IL-6, and caspase-3 expressions were more pronounced than in animals with normal intraabdominal pressure in both ALI groups; (2) in extrapulmonary ALI, higher tidal volume was associated with decreased atelectasis, and lower IL-6 and caspase-3 expressions; (3) in pulmonary ALI, higher tidal volume led to higher IL-6 expression; and (4) in pulmonary ALI, liver, kidney, and villi cell apoptosis was increased, but not affected by tidal volume. CONCLUSIONS Intraabdominal hypertension increased inflammation and fibrogenesis in the lung independent of ALI etiology. In extrapulmonary ALI associated with intraabdominal hypertension, higher tidal volume improved lung morphometry with lower inflammation in lung tissue. Conversely, in pulmonary ALI associated with intraabdominal hypertension, higher tidal volume increased IL-6 expression.
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Chen Y, Legan SK, Mahan A, Thornton J, Xu H, Schwarz MA. Endothelial-monocyte activating polypeptide II disrupts alveolar epithelial type II to type I cell transdifferentiation. Respir Res 2012; 13:1. [PMID: 22214516 PMCID: PMC3295640 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-13-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Distal alveolar morphogenesis is marked by differentiation of alveolar type (AT)-II to AT-I cells that give rise to the primary site of gas exchange, the alveolar/vascular interface. Endothelial-Monocyte Activating Polypeptide (EMAP) II, an endogenous protein with anti-angiogenic properties, profoundly disrupts distal lung neovascularization and alveolar formation during lung morphogenesis, and is robustly expressed in the dysplastic alveolar regions of infants with Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Determination as to whether EMAP II has a direct or indirect affect on ATII→ATI trans-differentiation has not been explored. Method In a controlled nonvascular environment, an in vitro model of ATII→ATI cell trans-differentiation was utilized to demonstrate the contribution that one vascular mediator has on distal epithelial cell differentiation. Results Here, we show that EMAP II significantly blocked ATII→ATI cell transdifferentiation by increasing cellular apoptosis and inhibiting expression of ATI markers. Moreover, EMAP II-treated ATII cells displayed myofibroblast characteristics, including elevated cellular proliferation, increased actin cytoskeleton stress fibers and Rho-GTPase activity, and increased nuclear:cytoplasmic volume. However, EMAP II-treated cells did not express the myofibroblast markers desmin or αSMA. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that EMAP II interferes with ATII → ATI transdifferentiation resulting in a proliferating non-myofibroblast cell. These data identify the transdifferentiating alveolar cell as a possible target for EMAP II's induction of alveolar dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, TX, USA
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Monção-Ribeiro LC, Cagido VR, Lima-Murad G, Santana PT, Riva DR, Borojevic R, Zin WA, Cavalcante MCM, Riça I, Brando-Lima AC, Takiya CM, Faffe DS, Coutinho-Silva R. Lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury: role of P2X7 receptor. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 179:314-25. [PMID: 21982752 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE P2X7 receptors have been involved in inflammatory and immunological responses, and their activation modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines production by LPS-challenged macrophages. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of P2X7R in LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. METHODS Wild-type (C57BL/6) and P2X7 knockout mice received intratracheal injection of saline or Escherichia coli LPS (60 μg). After 24h, changes in lung mechanics were determined by the end-inflation occlusion method. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, and lungs were harvested for measurement of morphometry, fibers content, inflammatory cells and cytokine expression by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Compared with saline, LPS increased lung mechanical parameters, mast cell, collagen and fibronectin deposition in lung parenchyma, as well as nitric oxide and lactate dehydrogenase release into bronchoalveolar fluid in wild-type, but not in P2X7R knockout mice. Alveolar collapse, lung influx of polymorphonuclear and CD14(+) cells, as well as TGF-β, MMP-2, and IL-1β release were higher in wild-type than knockout LPS-challenged mice, while MMP-9 release where similar between the two genotypes. LPS increased macrophage immunoreactivity in lung tissue in both genotypes, but macrophages were not activated in the P2X7R knockout mice. Furthermore, LPS administration increased P2X7R immunoexpression in lung parenchyma in wild-type mice, and TLR4 in both wild-type and P2X7R knockout mice. CONCLUSION P2X7 receptors are implicated in the pathophysiology of LPS-induced lung injury, modulating lung inflammatory and functional changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo C Monção-Ribeiro
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ornellas DS, Maron-Gutierrez T, Ornellas FM, Cruz FF, Oliveira GP, Lucas IH, Fujisaki L, Oliveira MG, Teodoro WR, Capelozzi VL, Pelosi P, Morales MM, Rocco PRM. Early and late effects of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell therapy on lung and distal organs in experimental sepsis. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 178:304-14. [PMID: 21763473 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BMDMCs) at an early phase of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis may have lasting effects on: (1) lung mechanics and histology, (2) the structural remodelling of lung parenchyma, (3) lung, kidney, and liver cell apoptosis, and (4) pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. At day 1, BMDMC significantly reduced mortality, as well as caspase-3, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β, vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β, but increased IL-10 mRNA expression in lung tissue in septic mice contributing to endothelium and epithelium alveolar repair and improvement of lung mechanics. BMDMC also prevented the increase of apoptotic cells in lung, liver, and kidney. At day 7, these early functional and morphological effects were preserved or further improved. In conclusion, in the present model of sepsis, the beneficial effects of early administration of BMDMCs on lung and distal organs were preserved, possibly by paracrine mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora S Ornellas
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Saraiva SA, Silva AL, Xisto DG, Abreu SC, Silva JD, Silva PL, Teixeira TPF, Parra ER, Carvalho ALN, Annoni R, Mauad T, Capelozzi VL, Silva PMR, Martins MA, Rocco PRM. Impact of obesity on airway and lung parenchyma remodeling in experimental chronic allergic asthma. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2011; 177:141-8. [PMID: 21453798 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2011.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The impact of obesity on the inflammatory process has been described in asthma, however little is known about the influence of diet-induced obesity on lung remodeling. For this purpose, 56 recently weaned A/J mice were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the C group, mice were fed a standard chow diet, while OB animals received isocaloric high-fat diet to reach 1.5 of the mean body weight of C. After 12 weeks, each group was further randomized to be sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline. Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, collagen fiber content in airways and lung parenchyma, the volume proportion of smooth muscle-specific actin in alveolar ducts and terminal bronchiole, and the number of eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were higher in OB-OVA than C-OVA. In conclusion, diet-induced obesity enhanced lung remodeling resulting in higher airway responsiveness in the present experimental chronic allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A Saraiva
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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