1
|
Alanova P, Alan L, Opletalova B, Bohuslavova R, Abaffy P, Matejkova K, Holzerova K, Benak D, Kaludercic N, Menabo R, Di Lisa F, Ostadal B, Kolar F, Pavlinkova G. HIF-1α limits myocardial infarction by promoting mitophagy in mouse hearts adapted to chronic hypoxia. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14202. [PMID: 39016532 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM The transcriptional factor HIF-1α is recognized for its contribution to cardioprotection against acute ischemia/reperfusion injury. Adaptation to chronic hypoxia (CH) is known to stabilize HIF-1α and increase myocardial ischemic tolerance. However, the precise role of HIF-1α in mediating the protective effect remains incompletely understood. METHODS Male wild-type (WT) mice and mice with partial Hif1a deficiency (hif1a +/-) were exposed to CH for 4 weeks, while their respective controls were kept under normoxic conditions. Subsequently, their isolated perfused hearts were subjected to ischemia/reperfusion to determine infarct size, while RNA-sequencing of isolated cardiomyocytes was performed. Mitochondrial respiration was measured to evaluate mitochondrial function, and western blots were performed to assess mitophagy. RESULTS We demonstrated enhanced ischemic tolerance in WT mice induced by adaptation to CH compared with their normoxic controls and chronically hypoxic hif1a +/- mice. Through cardiomyocyte bulk mRNA sequencing analysis, we unveiled significant reprogramming of cardiomyocytes induced by CH emphasizing mitochondrial processes. CH reduced mitochondrial content and respiration and altered mitochondrial ultrastructure. Notably, the reduced mitochondrial content correlated with enhanced autophagosome formation exclusively in chronically hypoxic WT mice, supported by an increase in the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, expression of PINK1, and degradation of SQSTM1/p62. Furthermore, pretreatment with the mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) abolished the infarct size-limiting effect of CH in WT mice, highlighting the key role of mitophagy in CH-induced cardioprotection. CONCLUSION These findings provide new insights into the contribution of HIF-1α to cardiomyocyte survival during acute ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the selective autophagy pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Alanova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Alan
- Laboratory of Bioenergetics, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbora Opletalova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Bohuslavova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Pavel Abaffy
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Katerina Matejkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| | - Kristyna Holzerova
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Benak
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nina Kaludercic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza (IRP), Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Menabo
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Lisa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Padova, Italy
| | - Bohuslav Ostadal
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Gabriela Pavlinkova
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenetics, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vestec, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wojan F, Stray-Gundersen S, Zhao J, Lalande S. Impaired erythropoietin response to hypoxia in type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:925-932. [PMID: 38570345 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02269-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Patients with type 2 diabetes have a 20% lower total blood volume than age- and weight-matched healthy adults, suggesting a reduced capacity to transport oxygen in this population. Intermittent hypoxia, consisting of alternating short bouts of breathing hypoxic and normoxic air, increases erythropoietin levels, the hormone regulating red blood cell production, in young and older adults. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a single session of intermittent hypoxia on erythropoietin levels and hemoglobin mass, the absolute mass of hemoglobin contained in red blood cells, in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Ten patients with type 2 diabetes were exposed to an intermittent hypoxia protocol consisting of eight 4-min cycles at a targeted oxygen saturation of 80% interspersed with normoxic cycles to resaturation. Erythropoietin and hemoglobin mass responses to intermittent hypoxia in patients with type 2 diabetes were compared to previously published data from an identical intermittent hypoxia protocol performed in age-matched older adults. RESULTS Intermittent hypoxia increased erythropoietin levels in older adults but did not induce any change in erythropoietin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (3.2 ± 2.2 vs. 0.2 ± 2.7 mU/ml, p = 0.01). Hemoglobin mass indexed to body weight was 21% lower in patients with type 2 diabetes than in older adults (8.1 ± 1.7 vs. 10.2 ± 2.1 g/kg, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest an impaired erythropoietin response to decreased oxygen levels in patients with type 2 diabetes, which may contribute to the reduced oxygen transport capacity observed in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wojan
- Department of Kinesiology and Heath Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sten Stray-Gundersen
- Department of Kinesiology and Heath Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jiahui Zhao
- Department of Kinesiology and Heath Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Sophie Lalande
- Department of Kinesiology and Heath Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mardyła M, Maciejczyk M, Pałka T, Więcek M, Kusmierczyk J, Szymura J, Szygula Z. Intermittent hypoxia training does not change erythrocyte aggregation indicators in young, healthy men. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1386650. [PMID: 38983719 PMCID: PMC11231187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1386650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The increasing popularity of hypoxic training as a training method to improve physical performance indicates the need to study the effects of this type of intervention on blood morphological and rheological indices, since the adaptive changes that follow such training mainly affect blood indices. In this study, the effects of a 4 weeks of intermittent hypoxic training on blood morphological and rheological indicators in physically active men were assessed. Methods Forty-eight young, physically active men, participated in the study. Participants were randomly divided into three groups: two training groups and a control group without intervention (CTRL). Each group consisted of 16 participants. Training groups performed interval training (three times per week, 4 weeks, 12 workouts) under different conditions: in hypoxia (IHT; fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) = 14.4%) or in normoxia (NT; FiO2 = 20.9%). The control group performed only two workouts 4 weeks apart. Blood was taken during the first and last training session at rest, and 3 minutes after training. Results After the last training session, there was a significant increase in mean corpuscular volume and a decrease in mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration measured at rest only in the IHT group. There was also a significant decrease in resting aggregation amplitude for the IHT and CTRL groups. There was no difference in change of post-exercise plasma volume between first and last training session. Conclusion The applied intermittent interval training in conditions of normoxia and hypoxia had no significant impact on resting aggregation parameters. This suggest that training under hypoxic conditions does not cause adverse rheological changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Mardyła
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Maciejczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Pałka
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Więcek
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Kusmierczyk
- Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Szymura
- Department of Clinical Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szygula
- Department of Nutrition and Sport Medicine, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Motowidło J, Stronska-Garbien K, Bichowska-Pawęska M, Kostrzewa M, Zając A, Ficek K, Drozd M. Effect of Step Load Based on Time under Tension in Hypoxia on the ACL Pre-Operative Rehabilitation and Hormone Levels: A Case Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2792. [PMID: 38792333 PMCID: PMC11122198 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of step load in hypoxia on the effectiveness of preoperative rehabilitation (PR) and hormone levels based on a case study. Introduction: We assessed the impact of variables such as rate of movement and time under tension (TUT) in normobaric hypoxia on the levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and erythropoietin (EPO). Additionally, the impact of step load on the hypertrophy and strength of knee extensors and flexors was assessed. Methods: The work uses a case study, the research subject of which was a 23-year-old female professional handball player. The tests included an isokinetic assessment of the peak torque of knee extensors and flexors as well as body composition analysis. Results: The results showed a more than (10.81-fold) increase in GH after the microcycle with time under tension (TUT). The deficit between the lower limbs was also reduced. Conclusions: Using a hypoxic environment based on an appropriate altitude, combined with changes such as a short rest break between sets and a controlled tempo of movement with an eccentric phase, TUT may offer an alternative to the PR process, especially among athletes who care about fast RTS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Motowidło
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Katarzyna Stronska-Garbien
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Marta Bichowska-Pawęska
- Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, 80-336 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kostrzewa
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Adam Zając
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Krzysztof Ficek
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (K.F.)
| | - Miłosz Drozd
- Department of Sports Training, Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-G.); (M.K.); (A.Z.); (K.F.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lei L, Liu M, Ma D, Lei X, Zeng S, Li P, Huang K, Lyu J, Lei Q. Cardioprotective effects of high-altitude adaptation in cardiac surgical patients: a retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1347552. [PMID: 38628317 PMCID: PMC11019029 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1347552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The cardioprotective effect of remote ischemia preconditioning in clinical studies is inconsistent with experimental results. Adaptation to high-altitude hypoxia has been reported to be cardioprotective in animal experiments. However, the clinical significance of the cardioprotective effect of high-altitude adaptation has not been demonstrated. Methods A retrospective cohort study with propensity score matching was designed to compare the outcomes of cardiac surgery between highlanders and lowlanders in a tertiary teaching hospital. The data of adult cardiac surgical patients from January 2013 to December 2022, were collected for analysis. Patients with cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegia were divided into a low-altitude group (<1,500 m) and a high-altitude group (≥1,500 m) based on the altitude of their place of residence. Results Of 3,020 patients, the majority (87.5%) permanently lived in low-altitude regions [495 (435, 688) m], and there were 379 patients (12.5%) in the high-altitude group [2,552 (1,862, 3,478) m]. The 377 highlander patients were matched with lowlander patients at a ratio of 1:1. The high-altitude group exhibited a 44.5% reduction in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) compared with the low-altitude group (6.6% vs. 11.9%, P = 0.017). The patients in the moderate high-altitude subgroup (2,500-3,500 m) had the lowest incidence (5.6%) of MACEs among the subgroups. The level of creatinine kinase muscle-brain isoenzymes on the first postoperative morning was lower in the high-altitude group than in the low-altitude group (66.5 [47.9, 89.0] U/L vs. 69.5 [49.3, 96.8] U/L, P = 0.003). Conclusions High-altitude adaptation exhibits clinically significant cardioprotection in cardiac surgical patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengxue Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Keli Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Juanjuan Lyu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Lei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kang GS, Jo HJ, Lee YR, Oh T, Park HJ, Ahn GO. Sensing the oxygen and temperature in the adipose tissues - who's sensing what? Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2300-2307. [PMID: 37907745 PMCID: PMC10689767 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues, composed of various cell types, including adipocytes, endothelial cells, neurons, and immune cells, are organs that are exposed to dynamic environmental challenges. During diet-induced obesity, white adipose tissues experience hypoxia due to adipocyte hypertrophy and dysfunctional vasculature. Under these conditions, cells in white adipose tissues activate hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a transcription factor that activates signaling pathways involved in metabolism, angiogenesis, and survival/apoptosis to adapt to such an environment. Exposure to cold or activation of the β-adrenergic receptor (through catecholamines or chemicals) leads to heat generation, mainly in brown adipose tissues through activating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), a proton uncoupler in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. White adipose tissues can undergo a similar process under this condition, a phenomenon known as 'browning' of white adipose tissues or 'beige adipocytes'. While UCP1 expression has largely been confined to adipocytes, HIF can be expressed in many types of cells. To dissect the role of HIF in specific types of cells during diet-induced obesity, researchers have generated tissue-specific knockout (KO) mice targeting HIF pathways, and many studies have commonly revealed that intact HIF-1 signaling in adipocytes and adipose tissue macrophages exacerbates tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. In this review, we highlight some of the key findings obtained from these transgenic mice, including Ucp1 KO mice and other models targeting the HIF pathway in adipocytes, macrophages, or endothelial cells, to decipher their roles in diet-induced obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Sue Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hye-Ju Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Ye-Rim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Taerim Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Hye-Joon Park
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - G-One Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
- College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-Ro, Gwanak-Gu, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Breuillard C, Moulin S, Bouyon S, Couchet M, Moinard C, Belaidi E. Chronic intermittent hypoxia due to obstructive sleep apnea slightly alters nutritional status: a pre-clinical study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1250529. [PMID: 37964925 PMCID: PMC10642957 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1250529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with chronic intermittent hypoxia (cIH) that causes disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism. Animals exposed to cIH show lower body weight and food intake, but the protein-energy metabolism has never been investigated. Here, to address the gap, we studied the impact of cIH on nutritional status in rats. A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomized into 3 groups (n = 8): a control group (Ctrl), a cIH group (cIH) exposed to cIH (30 s 21-30 s 5% fraction of inspired oxygen, 8 h per day, for 14 days), and a pair-fed group (PF) exposed to normoxia with food intake adjusted to the intake of the cIH group rats with anorexia. Body weight and food intake were measured throughout the study. After 14 days, the rats were euthanized, the organs were collected, weighed, and the liver, intestine mucosa, and muscles were snap-frozen to measure total protein content. Food intake was decreased in the cIH group. Body weight was significantly lower in the cIH group only (-11%, p < 0.05). Thymus and liver weight as well as EDL protein content tended to be lower in the cIH group than in the Ctrl and PF groups. Jejunum and ileum mucosa protein contents were lower in the cIH group compared to the PF group. cIH causes a slight impairment of nutritional status and immunity. This pre-clinical work argues for greater consideration of malnutrition in care for OSAS patients. Further studies are warranted to devise an adequate nutritional strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Breuillard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Moulin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Bouyon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory HP2, Grenoble, France
| | - Morgane Couchet
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Moinard
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), Grenoble, France
| | - Elise Belaidi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, Laboratory HP2, Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen X, Zhang J, Lin Y, Li Y, Wang H, Wang Z, Liu H, Hu Y, Liu L. Mechanism, prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment caused by high altitude exposure. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1191058. [PMID: 37731540 PMCID: PMC10507266 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1191058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypobaric hypoxia (HH) characteristics induce impaired cognitive function, reduced concentration, and memory. In recent years, an increasing number of people have migrated to high-altitude areas for work and study. Headache, sleep disturbance, and cognitive impairment from HH, severely challenges the physical and mental health and affects their quality of life and work efficiency. This review summarizes the manifestations, mechanisms, and preventive and therapeutic methods of HH environment affecting cognitive function and provides theoretical references for exploring and treating high altitude-induced cognitive impairment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiexin Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Lin
- Sichuan Xincheng Biological Co., LTD., Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of General Surgery, The 77th Army Hospital, Leshan, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhanhao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huawei Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghe Hu
- Faculty of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Medical Research Center, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen T, Su S, Yang Z, Zhang D, Li Z, Lu D. Srolo Bzhtang reduces inflammation and vascular remodeling via suppression of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115572. [PMID: 35872290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Srolo Bzhtang (SBT), which consists of Solms-laubachia eurycarpa, Bergenia purpurascens, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and lac secreted by Laccifer lacca Kerr (Lacciferidae Cockerell), is a well-known traditional Tibetan medicinal formula and was documented to cure "lung-heat" syndrome by eliminating "chiba" in the ancient Tibetan medical work Four Medical Tantras (Rgyud bzhi). Clinically, it is a therapy for pulmonary inflammatory disorders, such as pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, whether and how SBT participates in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to determine the role of SBT in attenuating pulmonary arterial pressure and vascular remodeling caused by monocrotaline (MCT) and hypoxia. To elucidate the potential mechanism underlying SBT-mediated PAH, we investigated the changes in inflammatory cytokines and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. MATERIALS AND METHODS MCT- and hypoxia-induced PAH rat models were used. After administering SBT for four weeks, the rats were tested for hemodynamic indicators, hematological changes, pulmonary arterial morphological changes, and the levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in serum and lung tissues. Protein expression of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway was determined using western blotting. RESULTS SBT reduced pulmonary arterial pressure, vascular remodeling, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines induced by MCT and hypoxia in rats. Furthermore, SBT significantly suppressed the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that SBT alleviates MCT- and hypoxia-induced PAH in rats, which is related to its anti-inflammatory actions involving inhibition of the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Chen
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs (Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research In Qinghai Province), Xining, 810003, PR China
| | - Zhanting Yang
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China
| | - Dejun Zhang
- School of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, PR China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Key Laboratory of High Altitude Medicine (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lu F, Zhou J, Chen Q, Zhu J, Zheng X, Fang N, Qiao L. PSMA5 contributes to progression of lung adenocarcinoma in association with the JAK/STAT pathway. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:624-634. [PMID: 35605971 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome dysregulation is a common feature of cancer and a critical risk for tumorigenesis. However, the characteristics of proteasome components in tumor development and metastasis are poorly understood. PSMA5, an α5 subunit of the 20S core proteasome, is associated with the degradation of intracellular proteins. Increasing evidence indicated it is involved in tumor development, but the underlying mechanism has remained unknown. Here, we show that PSMA5 is up-regulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells and clinical LUAD tissues. Moreover, its up-regulation is positively associated with lymph node metastasis and the poor prognosis of LUAD patients. PSMA5 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of LUAD cells in vitro and in vivo, induced apoptosis of LUAD cells and sensitized LUAD cells to cisplatin. Further investigations revealed that PSMA5 overexpression inhibited cell apoptosis by activating the janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway in LUAD cells. In total, our results demonstrate that PSMA5 may function as a prognostic factor in LUAD. In addition, PSMA5 is a promising therapeutic target for LUAD, as its depletion induces cell apoptosis by inhibiting the JAK/STAT pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Lu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianling Zhu
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Puyang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Puyang, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ling Qiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Characterization of the Impacts of Living at High Altitude in Taif: Oxidative Stress Biomarker Alterations and Immunohistochemical Changes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:1610-1625. [PMID: 35723368 PMCID: PMC9164078 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44040110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
At high elevations, the human body experiences a number of pathological, physiological, and biochemical changes, all of which have adverse impacts on human health and organ vitality. This study aimed to investigate the alterations in the liver and kidney biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, gene expression, and cellular histology of rats maintained at high altitudes and normal sea level. A total of twenty male Wistar rats at 2 months of age were randomly assigned to two groups. The rats in group A were maintained at normal sea level in Jeddah, whereas rats in group B were maintained in an area in Taif 2600 m above sea level. After 2 months of housing, orbital blood samples were collected for the analysis of significant biochemical indicators of oxidative stress biomarkers of the liver and kidneys. Liver and kidney tissues from both groups were taken to examine the hepatorenal changes occurring at the biochemical, histological, immunohistochemical, and genetic levels. The results revealed substantial increases in the serum levels of liver and kidney biomarkers (GPT, GOT, urea, and creatinine) and decreases in the serum levels of antioxidant biomarkers (SOD, catalase, GSH, and NO). In parallel, the levels of the malondialdehyde (MDA) tissue damage marker and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) were increased in the high-altitude group compared to the normal sea level group. In addition, there were significant alterations in the oxidative and inflammatory status of rats that lived at high altitude, with considerable upregulation in the expression of hepatic VEGF, type 1 collagen, Cox-2, TNF-α, and iNOS as well as renal EPASI, CMYC, HIF-α, and EGLN-2 genes in the high-altitude group compared with controls housed at normal sea level. In conclusion, living at high altitude induces hepatorenal damage and biochemical and molecular alterations, all of which may serve as critical factors that must be taken into account for organisms living at high altitudes.
Collapse
|
12
|
Adenylate Kinase 4-A Key Regulator of Proliferation and Metabolic Shift in Human Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells via Akt and HIF-1α Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910371. [PMID: 34638712 PMCID: PMC8508902 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in response to chronic hypoxia contributes to pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH shares numerous similarities with cancer, including a metabolic shift towards glycolysis. In lung cancer, adenylate kinase 4 (AK4) promotes metabolic reprogramming and metastasis. Against this background, we show that AK4 regulates cell proliferation and energy metabolism of primary human PASMCs. We demonstrate that chronic hypoxia upregulates AK4 in PASMCs in a hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)-dependent manner. RNA interference of AK4 decreases the viability and proliferation of PASMCs under both normoxia and chronic hypoxia. AK4 silencing in PASMCs augments mitochondrial respiration and reduces glycolytic metabolism. The observed effects are associated with reduced levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) as well as HIF-1α, indicating the existence of an AK4-HIF-1α feedforward loop in hypoxic PASMCs. Finally, we show that AK4 levels are elevated in pulmonary vessels from patients with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), and AK4 silencing decreases glycolytic metabolism of IPAH-PASMCs. We conclude that AK4 is a new metabolic regulator in PASMCs interacting with HIF-1α and Akt signaling pathways to drive the pro-proliferative and glycolytic phenotype of PH.
Collapse
|
13
|
Setia R, Dogra M, Handoo A, Yadav R, Thangavel GP, Rahman AE. Use of face mask by blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Impact on donor hemoglobin concentration: A bane or a boon. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 60:103160. [PMID: 34217601 PMCID: PMC8152240 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 virus has caused the world's deadliest pandemic. Early April 2020, the Delhi Government made it compulsory for people to wear face masks while going outdoors to curb disease spread. Prolonged use of surgical masks during the pandemic has been reported to cause many adverse effects. Intermittent hypoxia has been shown to activate erythropoietin (EPO leading to increased hemoglobin mass. AIM To analyze whether face mask induced intermittent hypoxia has any effect on the hemoglobin levels of healthy blood donors. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed donor data from 1st July 2019-31st December 2020 for hemoglobin distribution across hemoglobin ranges and donor deferral on basis of hemoglobin. Study population was divided into two cohorts Group 1- (1st July 2019-31 st March 2020): before implementation of mandatory face masks Group 2- (1st April 2020-31 st December 2020): after implementation of mandatory face masks RESULTS: Mean Hb of blood donors in Group 2 (15.01 ± 1.1 g/dl) was higher than Group1 (14.49 ± 1.15 g/dl), (p < 0.0001). 47.1 % group2 donors had Hb of 16.1-18 g/dl compared to group1 (38.4 %). 52.9 % group 2 donors had Hb between 12.5-15 g/dl compared to 61.6 % Group 1 (p < 0.05). Deferral due to anemia was lesser in group 2 compared to group 1 (p < 0.00001). Group 2 had significantly higher deferral due to high Hb (>18 gm/dl) was than Group 1 (p = 0.0039). CONCLUSION This study including 19504 blood donors spanning over one and a half year shows that prolonged use of face mask by blood donors may lead to intermittent hypoxia and consequent increase in hemoglobin mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rasika Setia
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, BLK Superspecialty Hospital, India.
| | - Mitu Dogra
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, BLK Superspecialty Hospital, India.
| | - Anil Handoo
- Department of Hematology, BLK Superspecialty Hospital, India.
| | - Ramesh Yadav
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, BLK Superspecialty Hospital, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wojan F, Stray-Gundersen S, Nagel MJ, Lalande S. Short exposure to intermittent hypoxia increases erythropoietin levels in healthy individuals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:1955-1960. [PMID: 33955265 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00941.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few minutes of hypoxic exposure stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, resulting in erythropoietin (EPO) gene transcription and production. The objective of this study was to identify the shortest intermittent hypoxia protocol necessary to increase serum EPO levels in healthy individuals. In a first experiment, spontaneous EPO changes under normoxia (NORM) and the EPO response to five 4-min cycles of intermittent hypoxia (IH5) were determined in six individuals. In a second experiment, the EPO response to eight 4-min cycles of intermittent hypoxia (IH8) and 120 min of continuous hypoxia (CONT) was determined in six individuals. All hypoxic protocols were performed at a targeted arterial oxygen saturation of 80%. There was no significant change in EPO levels in response to normoxia or in response to five cycles of intermittent hypoxia (NORM: 9.5 ± 1.8 to 10.5 ± 1.8, IH5: 11.4 ± 2.3 to 13.4 ± 2.1 mU/mL, main effect for time P = 0.35). There was an increase in EPO levels in response to eight cycles of intermittent hypoxia and 120 min of continuous hypoxia, with peak levels observed 4.5 h after the onset of hypoxia (IH8: 11.2 ± 2.0 to 16.7 ± 2.2, CONT: 11.1 ± 3.8 to 19.4 ± 3.8 mU/mL, main effect for time P < 0.01). Eight cycles of intermittent hypoxia increased EPO levels to a similar extent as 120 min of continuous hypoxia (main effect for condition P = 0.36). Eight 4-min cycles of intermittent hypoxia represent the shortest protocol to increase serum EPO levels in healthy individuals.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The objective of this study was to identify the shortest intermittent hypoxia protocol necessary to increase serum erythropoietin levels in healthy individuals. Eight 4-min bouts of intermittent hypoxia, representing a hypoxic duration of 32 min at an arterial oxygen saturation of 80%, significantly increased erythropoietin levels in healthy individuals. These findings suggest that a short session of intermittent hypoxia has the potential to increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Wojan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sten Stray-Gundersen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Mercedes J Nagel
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Sophie Lalande
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tsai CF, Yang SF, Lo CH, Chu HJ, Ueng KC. Role of the ROS-JNK Signaling Pathway in Hypoxia-Induced Atrial Fibrotic Responses in HL-1 Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063249. [PMID: 33806765 PMCID: PMC8004875 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
By promoting atrial structural remodeling, atrial hypoxia contributes to the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate. Our study aimed to investigate the modulatory effect of hypoxia on profibrotic activity in cultured HL-1 cardiomyocytes and explore the possible signaling transduction mechanisms of profibrotic activity in vitro. Hypoxia (1% O2) significantly and time-dependently increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and fibrotic marker proteins collagen I and III (COL1A and COL3A), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Western blot or immunohistochemistry analysis showed that hypoxia-induced increase in COL1A and COL3A was significantly attenuated by the addition of SP600125 (a specific c-Jun N-terminal kinase [JNK] inhibitor) or expression of dominant-negative JNK before hypoxia treatment. The inhibition of hypoxia-activated phosphorylation of JNK signal components (JNK, MKK4, nuclear c-Jun and ATF-2) by pre-treatment with SP600125 could suppress hypoxia-stimulated HIF-1α upregulation and fibrotic marker proteins expression. Hypoxia significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in cultured HL-1 atrial cells. Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine significantly abrogated the expression of nuclear HIF-1α, JNK transduction components and fibrotic marker proteins. Taken together, these findings indicated that the hypoxia-induced atrial profibrotic response occurs mainly via the ROS/JNK pathway, its downstream upregulation of HIF-1α and c-Jun/ATF2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation to up-regulate the expression of fibrosis-related proteins (COL1A, COL3A, TGF-β1 and α-SMA). Our result suggests that suppression of ROS/JNK signaling pathway is a critical mechanism for developing a novel therapeutic strategy against atrial fibrillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Feng Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-F.T.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Hsien Lo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-F.T.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Hsiao-Ju Chu
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan;
| | - Kwo-Chang Ueng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan; (C.-F.T.); (C.-H.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-4-24739595 (ext. 32527); Fax: +886-4-24739220
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
La Padula PH, Czerniczyniec A, Bonazzola P, Piotrkowski B, Vanasco V, Lores-Arnaiz S, Costa LE. Acute hypobaric hypoxia and cardiac energetic response in prepubertal rats: Role of nitric oxide. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1235-1248. [PMID: 33724589 DOI: 10.1113/ep089064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? In adult rat hearts, exposure to hypobaric hypoxia increases tolerance to hypoxia-reoxygenation, termed endogenous cardioprotection. The mechanism involves the nitric oxide system and modulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption. What is the cardiac energetic response in prepubertal rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia? What is the main finding and its importance? Prepubertal rats, unlike adult rats, did not increase tolerance to hypoxia-reoxygenation in response acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia, which impaired cardiac contractile economy. This finding could be related to a failure to increase nitric oxide synthase expression, hence modulation of mitochondrial oxygen consumption and ATP production. ABSTRACT Studies in our laboratory showed that exposure of rats to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) increased the tolerance of the heart to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R), involving mitochondrial and cytosolic nitric oxide synthase (NOS) systems. The objective of the present study was to evaluate how the degree of somatic maturation could alter this healthy response. Prepubertal male rats were exposed for 48 h to a simulated altitude of 4400 m in a hypobaric chamber. The mechanical energetic activity in perfused hearts and the contractile functional capacity of NOS in isolated left ventricular papillary muscles were evaluated during H/R. Cytosolic nitric oxide (NO), production of nitrites/nitrates (Nx), expression of NOS isoforms, mitochondrial O2 consumption and ATP production were also evaluated. The left ventricular pressure during H/R was not improved by HH. However, the energetic activity was increased. Thus, the contractile economy (left ventricular pressure/energetic activity) decreased in HH. Nitric oxide did not modify papillary muscle contractility after H/R. Cytosolic p-eNOS-Ser1177 and inducible NOS expression were decreased by HH, but no changes were observed in NO production. Interestingly, HH increased Nx levels, but O2 consumption and ATP production in mitochondria were not affected by HH. Prepubertal rats exposed to HH preserved cardiac contractile function, but with a high energetic cost, modifying contractile economy. Although this could be related to the decreased NOS expression detected, cytosolic NO production was preserved, maybe through the Nx metabolic pathway, without modification of mitochondrial ATP production and O2 consumption. In this scenario, the treatment was unable to increase tolerance to H/R as observed in adult animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo H La Padula
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Analia Czerniczyniec
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Bonazzola
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Bárbara Piotrkowski
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Vanasco
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Lores-Arnaiz
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lidia E Costa
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Alberto C. Taquini de Investigaciones en Medicina Traslacional (IATIMET), Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang Y, Li R, Cao Y, Dai S, Luo S, Guo Q, Wang E. Plasma MIR-212-3p as a biomarker for acute right heart failure with pulmonary artery hypertension. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 8:1571. [PMID: 33437770 PMCID: PMC7791226 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-1653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute right heart failure occurs in patients with pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) with exposure to acute inflammation, the mortality rate is very high when right heart failure occurs. Biomarkers that can be used to detect acute right heart failure in patients with pulmonary hypertension need to be studied. Methods A PAH rat model was established using monocrotaline, and lipopolysaccharide was used to induce acute right heart failure. The Agilent rat miRNA microarray, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis were used to assess the microRNA expression of PAH rats. The expression of up- and downregulated miRNAs in plasma from PAH patients with acute right heart failure was validated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Then, the Wilcoxon matched paired test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were performed. Results Thirty-three miRNAs were upregulated, and 7 miRNAs were downregulated in plasma of PAH rats with acute right heart failure. In the plasma of PAH patients, the miR-212-3p level was inversely correlated with the level of NT-pro BNP, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.751. Conclusions These results suggest that the reduction of the expression of MIR-212-3p may be a biomarker for PAH patients with right heart dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Renhua Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sisi Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sumei Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Baranauskas MN, Constantini K, Paris HL, Wiggins CC, Schlader ZJ, Chapman RF. Heat Versus Altitude Training for Endurance Performance at Sea Level. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2021; 49:50-58. [PMID: 33044330 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Environmental stressors, such as heat or altitude, elicit dissimilar physiological adaptations to endurance training programs. Whether these differences (i.e., increased hemoglobin mass vs plasma volume) differentially influence performance is debated. We review data in support of our novel hypothesis, which proposes altitude as the preferred environmental training stimulus for elite endurance athletes preparing to compete in temperate, sea-level climates (5°C-18°C).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa N Baranauskas
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Keren Constantini
- School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine and Sylvan Adams Sports Institute, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hunter L Paris
- Division of Natural Sciences, Pepperdine University, Malibu, CA
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Zachary J Schlader
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| | - Robert F Chapman
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Barrera A, Morales-Loredo H, Garcia JM, Fregoso G, Pace CE, Mendiola PJ, Naik JS, Gonzalez Bosc LV, Kanagy NL. Simulated sleep apnea alters hydrogen sulfide regulation of blood flow and pressure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H511-H519. [PMID: 33275519 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00672.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In sleep apnea, airway obstruction causes intermittent hypoxia (IH). In animal studies, IH-dependent hypertension is associated with loss of vasodilator hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and increased H2S activation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity in the carotid body. We previously reported that inhibiting cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) to prevent H2S synthesis augments vascular resistance in control rats. The goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of IH-induced changes in CSE signaling to increased blood pressure and vascular resistance. We hypothesized that chronic IH exposure eliminates CSE regulation of blood pressure (BP) and vascular resistance. In rats instrumented with venous catheters, arterial telemeters, and flow probes on the main mesenteric artery, the CSE inhibitor dl-propargylglycine (PAG, 50 mg/kg/day i.v. for 5 days) increased BP in Sham rats but decreased BP in IH rats [in mmHg, Sham (n = 11): 114 ± 4 to 131 ± 6; IH (n = 8): 131 ± 8 to 115 ± 7 mmHg, P < 0.05]. PAG treatment increased mesenteric vascular resistance in Sham rats but decreased it in IH rats (day 5/day 1: Sham: 1.50 ± 0.07; IH: 0.85 ± 0.19, P < 0.05). Administration of the ganglionic blocker hexamethonium (to evaluate SNS activity) decreased mesenteric resistance in PAG-treated Sham rats more than in saline-treated Sham rats or PAG-treated IH rats. CSE immunoreactivity in IH carotid bodies compared with those from Sham rats. However, CSE staining in small mesenteric arteries was less in arteries from IH than in Sham rats but not different in larger arteries (inner diameter > 200 µm). These results suggest endogenous H2S regulates blood pressure and vascular resistance, but this control is lost after IH exposure with decreased CSE expression in resistance size arteries. IH exposure concurrently increases carotid body CSE expression and relative SNS control of blood pressure, suggesting both vascular and carotid body H2S generation contribute to blood pressure regulation.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These results suggest that CSE's protective role in the vasculature is impaired by simulated sleep apnea, which also upregulates CSE in the carotid body. Thus, this enzyme system can exert both pro- and antihypertensive effects and may contribute to elevated SNS outflow in sleep apnea.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adelaeda Barrera
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Humberto Morales-Loredo
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Joshua M Garcia
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Gisel Fregoso
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Carolyn E Pace
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Perenkita J Mendiola
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Jay S Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Laura V Gonzalez Bosc
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Nancy L Kanagy
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kong X, Liu H, He X, Sun Y, Ge W. Unraveling the Mystery of Cold Stress-Induced Myocardial Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580811. [PMID: 33250775 PMCID: PMC7674829 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low ambient temperature imposes great challenge to human health. Epidemiological evidence has noted significantly elevated emergency admission and mortality rate in cold climate in many regions, in particular, adverse events in cardiovascular system. Cold stress is becoming one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular death. Through recent advance in echocardiography and myocardial histological techniques, both clinical and experimental experiments have unveiled that cold stress triggers a variety of pathological and pathophysiological injuries, including ventricular wall thickening, cardiac hypertrophy, elevated blood pressure, decreased cardiac function, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis. In order to examine the potential mechanism of action behind cold stress-induced cardiovascular anomalies, ample biochemical and molecular biological experiments have been conducted to denote a role for mitochondrial injury, intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other superoxide, altered gene and protein profiles for apoptosis and autophagy, and increased adrenergic receptor sensitivity in cold stress-induced cardiovascular anomalies. These findings suggest that cold stress may damage the myocardium through mitochondrial injury, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine pathways. Although the precise nature remains elusive for cold stress-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, endothelin (ET-A) receptor, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, transient receptor potential vanilloid, mitochondrial-related protein including NRFs and UCP-2, ROS, Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, Bcl-2/Bax, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) signaling may all play a pivotal role. For myocardial injury evoked by cold stress, more comprehensive and in-depth mechanisms are warranted to better define the potential therapeutic options for cold stress-associated cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Kong
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaole He
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Effect of a Single Session of Intermittent Hypoxia on Erythropoietin and Oxygen-Carrying Capacity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197257. [PMID: 33020411 PMCID: PMC7579477 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia, defined as alternating bouts of breathing hypoxic and normoxic air, has the potential to improve oxygen-carrying capacity through an erythropoietin-mediated increase in hemoglobin mass. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a single session of intermittent hypoxia on erythropoietin levels and hemoglobin mass in young healthy individuals. Nineteen participants were randomly assigned to an intermittent hypoxia group (Hyp, n = 10) or an intermittent normoxia group (Norm, n = 9). Intermittent hypoxia consisted of five 4-min hypoxic cycles at a targeted arterial oxygen saturation of 90% interspersed with 4-min normoxic cycles. Erythropoietin levels were measured before and two hours following completion of the protocol. Hemoglobin mass was assessed the day before and seven days after exposure to intermittent hypoxia or normoxia. As expected, the intermittent hypoxia group had a lower arterial oxygen saturation than the intermittent normoxia group during the intervention (Hyp: 89 ± 1 vs. Norm: 99 ± 1%, p < 0.01). Erythropoietin levels did not significantly increase following exposure to intermittent hypoxia (Hyp: 8.2 ± 4.5 to 9.0 ± 4.8, Norm: 8.9 ± 1.7 to 11.1 ± 2.1 mU·mL−1, p = 0.15). Hemoglobin mass did not change following exposure to intermittent hypoxia. This single session of intermittent hypoxia was not sufficient to elicit a significant rise in erythropoietin levels or hemoglobin mass in young healthy individuals.
Collapse
|
22
|
Dang Z, Su S, Jin G, Nan X, Ma L, Li Z, Lu D, Ge R. Tsantan Sumtang attenuated chronic hypoxia-induced right ventricular structure remodeling and fibrosis by equilibrating local ACE-AngII-AT1R/ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis in rat. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 250:112470. [PMID: 31862407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tsantan Sumtang, which consists of Choerospondias axillaris (Roxb.) Burtt et Hill, Myristica fragrans Houtt and Santalum album L, is a traditional and common prescription of Tibetan medicine. Tsantan Sumtang originates from Four Tantra with properties of nourishing heart and has been used as a folk medicine for cardiovascular diseases and heart failure in Qinghai, Tibet and Inner Mongolia. Our previous studies found that Tsantan Sumtang showed beneficial effects on right ventricular structure in hypoxia rats, while the underling mechanism remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Tsantan Sumtang attenuated right ventricular (RV) remodeling and fibrosis of chronic hypoxia-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (HPAH) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (170 ± 20 g) were randomly divided into control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups (1.0 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.25 g· kg-1·day-1, 1.5 g ·kg-1·day-1). Rats in the hypoxia group and hypoxia + Tsantan Sumtang groups were maintained in a hypobaric chamber by adjusting the inner pressure and oxygen content to simulate an altitude of 4500 m for 28 days. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI), the ratio of RV weight to tibia length (TL) (RV/TL), heart rate (HR) and RV systolic pressure (RVSP) was determined. Histomorphological assay of RV structure was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. RV tissue fibrosis was assessed by collagen proportion area (CPA), collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline content. CPA was obtained by picro-sirius red staining (PSR). The expression of collagen I and collagen III were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The hydroxyproline content was detected by alkaline hydrolysis. In addition, the level of angiotensin II (AngII) and angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) in RV tissue was tested by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Protein expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), AngII, AngII type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Mas receptor (Mas) were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. mRNA level of ACE, AT1R, ACE2, Mas were tested by qPCR. The chemical profile of Tsantan Sumtang was revealed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap mass analysis. RESULTS Our results showed that RVHI, RV/TL and RVSP were significantly increased in HPAH rat. Furthermore, levels of collagen I, collagen III and hydroxyproline were up-regulated in RV tissue under hypoxia. We found that RV hypertrophy and fibrosis were associated with increased expression of ACE, AngII, AT1R as well as decreased expression of ACE2, Ang1-7 and Mas. RV remodeling and fibrosis were attenuated after Tsantan Sumtang administration by up-regulating ACE2 and Mas level as well as down-regulating ACE, AngII and AT1R levels in RV tissue. 35 constituents in Tsantan Sumtang were identified. CONCLUSION Tsantan Sumtang attenuated RV remodeling and fibrosis in rat exposed to chronic hypoxia. The pharmacological effect of Tsantan Sumtang was based on equilibrating ACE-AngII-AT1R and ACE2-Ang1-7-Mas axis of RV tissue in HPAH rat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhancui Dang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China; Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Shanshan Su
- Technical Center of Xining Customs District, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research in Qinghai Province, Xining, 810003, China
| | - Guoen Jin
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Xingmei Nan
- Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Lan Ma
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China
| | - Zhanqiang Li
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Dianxiang Lu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| | - Rili Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, 810001, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Perinatal stroke is a heterogeneous syndrome resulting from brain injury of vascular origin that occurs between 20 weeks of gestation and 28 days of postnatal life. The incidence of perinatal stroke is estimated to be between 1:1600 and 1:3000 live births (approximately 2500 children per year in the United States), though its actual incidence is difficult to estimate because it is likely underdiagnosed. Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAIS) accounts for approximately 70% of cases of perinatal stroke. Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis, while less common, also accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality seen with perinatal stroke. Hemorrhagic stroke leads to disruption of neurologic function due to intracerebral hemorrhage that is nontraumatic in origin. While most cases of PAIS fall into one of these three categories, other patterns of injury should also be considered perinatal stroke. In some cases, the etiology of PAIS is not known but is idiopathic. This chapter will review the classification, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, management, and long-term sequelae of perinatal stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmett E Whitaker
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
| | - Marilyn J Cipolla
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fitzgerald JA, Urbina MG, Rogers NJ, Bury NR, Katsiadaki I, Wilson RW, Santos EM. Sublethal exposure to copper supresses the ability to acclimate to hypoxia in a model fish species. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105325. [PMID: 31711009 PMCID: PMC6891231 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the major threats to biodiversity in aquatic systems. The association of hypoxia with nutrient-rich effluent input into aquatic systems results in scenarios where hypoxic waters could be contaminated with a wide range of chemicals, including metals. Despite this, little is known about the ability of fish to respond to hypoxia when exposures occur in the presence of environmental toxicants. We address this knowledge gap by investigating the effects of exposures to different levels of oxygen in the presence or absence of copper using the three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) model. Fish were exposed to different air saturations (AS; 100%, 75% and 50%) in combination with copper (20 μg/L) over a 4 day period. The critical oxygen level (Pcrit), an indicator of acute hypoxia tolerance, was 54.64 ± 2.51% AS under control conditions, and 36.21 ± 2.14% when fish were chronically exposed to hypoxia (50% AS) for 4 days, revealing the ability of fish to acclimate to low oxygen conditions. Importantly, the additional exposure to copper (20 μg/L) prevented this improvement in Pcrit, impairing hypoxia acclimation. In addition, an increase in ventilation rate was observed for combined copper and hypoxia exposure, compared to the single stressors or the controls. Interestingly, in the groups exposed to copper, a large increase in variation in the measured Pcrit was observed between individuals, both under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. This variation, if observed in wild populations, may lead to selection for a tolerant phenotype and alterations in the gene pool of the populations, with consequences for their sustainability. Our findings provide strong evidence that copper reduces the capacity of fish to respond to hypoxia by preventing acclimation and will inform predictions of the consequences of global increases of hypoxia in water systems affected by other pollutants worldwide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Fitzgerald
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Barrack Road, The Nothe, Weymouth, Dorset, DT4 8UB, UK.
| | - Mauricio G Urbina
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile; Instituto Milenio de Oceanografía (IMO), Universidad de Concepción, PO Box 1313, Concepción, Chile
| | - Nicholas J Rogers
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Nic R Bury
- University of Suffolk, School of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Hehir Building, University Avenue, Ipswich, IP3 0FS, UK
| | - Ioanna Katsiadaki
- Departamento de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, 4070386, Chile
| | - Rod W Wilson
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Eduarda M Santos
- Biosciences, College of Life & Environmental Sciences, Geoffrey Pope Building, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK; Centre for Sustainable Aquaculture Futures, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xia S, Tang Q, Wang X, Zhang L, Jia L, Wu D, Xu P, Zhang X, Tang G, Yang T, Feng Z, Lu L. Overexpression of PSMA7 predicts poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5341-5349. [PMID: 31612044 PMCID: PMC6781669 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common tumor and the second most common cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Current tumor biomarkers for GC, such as serum carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9, are not ideal due to their limited role as prognostic indicators for GC. Proteasome subunit α7 (PSMA7) is a multifunctional protein, which has been revealed to be involved in the development and progression of various types of malignancy. However, little is known about the role of PSMA7 in GC. In the present study, PSMA7 was identified to be overexpressed at the mRNA and protein levels in GC tissues, compared with in non-tumor tissues, using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, PSMA7 expression is associated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, and Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that PSMA7 expression is an independent prognostic factor for poor survival. Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that high PSMA7 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with GC. Overall, the results of the present study suggested that PSMA7 may be a promising biomarker for the prognosis of GC, and may represent a new diagnostic marker and molecular therapeutic target for GC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical College, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, P.R. China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Wang
- The Clinical Bio-Bank, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226019, P.R. China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical College, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, P.R. China
| | - Lizhou Jia
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Duo Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical College, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, P.R. China
| | - Pingxiang Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical College, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, P.R. China
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Xinghua People's Hospital of Yangzhou University Medical College, Xinghua, Jiangsu 225700, P.R. China
| | - Genxiong Tang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China
| | - Zhenqing Feng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique of Ministry of Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Cancer Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Lungen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Malacrida S, Giannella A, Ceolotto G, Reggiani C, Vezzoli A, Mrakic-Sposta S, Moretti S, Turner R, Falla M, Brugger H, Strapazzon G. Transcription Factors Regulation in Human Peripheral White Blood Cells during Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure: an in-vivo experimental study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9901. [PMID: 31289332 PMCID: PMC6617471 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High altitude is a natural laboratory, within which the clinical study of human physiological response to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is possible. Failure in the response results in progressive hypoxemia, inflammation and increased tissue oxidative stress (OxS). Thus, investigating temporal changes in key transcription factors (TFs) HIF-1α, HIF-2α, NF-κB and NRF2 mRNA levels, relative to OxS and inflammatory markers, may reveal molecular targets which contrast deleterious effects of hypoxia. Biological samples and clinical data from 15 healthy participants were collected at baseline and after rapid, passive ascent to 3830 m (24 h and 72 h). Gene expression was assessed by qPCR and ROS generation was determined by EPR spectroscopy. Oxidative damage and cytokine levels were estimated by immuno or enzymatic methods. Hypoxia transiently enhanced HIF-1α mRNA levels over time reaching a peak after 24 h. Whereas, HIF-2α and NRF2 mRNA levels increased over time. In contrast, the NF-κB mRNA levels remained unchanged. Plasma levels of IL-1β and IL-6 also remained within normal ranges. ROS production rate and markers of OxS damage were significantly increased over time. The analysis of TF-gene expression suggests that HIF-1α is a lead TF during sub-acute HH exposure. The prolongation of the HH exposure led to a switch between HIF-1α and HIF-2α/NRF2, suggesting the activation of new pathways. These results provide new insights regarding the temporal regulation of TFs, inflammatory state, and ROS homeostasis involved in human hypoxic response, potentially also relevant to the mediation of diseases that induce a hypoxic state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Malacrida
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Giannella
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Campus Biomedico Pietro D'Abano, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulio Ceolotto
- Department of Medicine-DIMED, Campus Biomedico Pietro D'Abano, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandra Vezzoli
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Simona Mrakic-Sposta
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Sarah Moretti
- Institute of Bioimaging and Molecular Physiology, National Council of Research, Segrate (Milan), Italy
| | - Rachel Turner
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marika Falla
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Hermann Brugger
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Giacomo Strapazzon
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, Eurac Research, Bolzano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Voronina TA, Ivanova EA. Combined administration of mexidol with known medicines. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:115-124. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
28
|
Righi V, García-Martín ML, Mucci A, Schenetti L, Tugnoli V, Lopez-Larrubia P, Cerdán S. Spatially Resolved Bioenergetic and Genetic Reprogramming Through the Brain of Rats Bearing Implanted C6 Gliomas As Detected by Multinuclear High-Resolution Magic Angle Spinning and Genomic Analysis. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:2953-2962. [PMID: 30129764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We used 1H, 13C HRMAS and genomic analysis to investigate regionally the transition from oxidative to glycolytic phenotype and its relationship with altered gene expression in adjacent biopsies through the brain of rats bearing C6 gliomas. Tumor-bearing animals were anesthetized and infused with a solution of [1-13C]-glucose, and small adjacent biopsies were obtained spanning transversally from the contralateral hemisphere (regions I and II), the right and left peritumoral areas (regions III and V, respectively), and the tumor core (region IV). These biopsies were analyzed by 1H, 13C HRMAS and by quantitative gene expression techniques. Glycolytic metabolism, as reflected by the [3-13C]-lactate content, increased clearly from regions I to IV, recovering partially to physiological levels in region V. In contrast, oxidative metabolism, as reflected by the [4-13C]-glutamate labeling, decreased in regions I-IV, recovering partially in region V. This metabolic shift from normal to malignant metabolic phenotype paralleled changes in the expression of HIF1α, HIF2α, HIF3α genes, downstream transporters, and regulatory glycolytic, oxidative, and anaplerotic genes in the same regions. Together, our results indicate that genetic and metabolic alterations occurring in the brain of rats bearing C6 gliomas colocalize in situ and the profile of genetic alterations in every region can be inferred from the metabolomic profiles observed in situ by multinuclear HRMAS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Righi
- Instituto de Investigationes Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC/UAM , c/Arturo Duperier 4 , E-28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - María-Luisa García-Martín
- Instituto de Investigationes Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC/UAM , c/Arturo Duperier 4 , E-28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Adele Mucci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche , Universitá di Modena , via G. Campi 183 , Modena 41125 , Italy
| | - Luisa Schenetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita , Universitá di Modena , via G. Campi 183 , Modena 41125 , Italy
| | - Vitaliano Tugnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie , Università di Bologna , via Belmeloro 8/2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Pilar Lopez-Larrubia
- Instituto de Investigationes Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC/UAM , c/Arturo Duperier 4 , E-28029 Madrid , Spain
| | - Sebastián Cerdán
- Instituto de Investigationes Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC/UAM , c/Arturo Duperier 4 , E-28029 Madrid , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cadenas S. ROS and redox signaling in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and cardioprotection. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 117:76-89. [PMID: 29373843 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 511] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is central to the pathology of major cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke and myocardial infarction. IR injury is mediated by several factors including the elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which occurs particularly at reperfusion. The mitochondrial respiratory chain and NADPH oxidases of the NOX family are major sources of ROS in cardiomyocytes. The first part of this review discusses recent findings and controversies on the mechanisms of superoxide production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain during IR injury, as well as the contribution of the NOX isoforms expressed in cardiomyocytes, NOX1, NOX2 and NOX4, to this damage. It then focuses on the effects of ROS on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), an inner membrane non-selective pore that causes irreversible damage to the heart. The second part analyzes the redox mechanisms of cardiomyocyte mitochondrial protection; specifically, the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway and the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, which are both regulated by the cellular redox state. Redox mechanisms involved in ischemic preconditioning, one of the most effective ways of protecting the heart against IR injury, are also reviewed. Interestingly, several of these protective pathways converge on the inhibition of mPTP opening during reperfusion. Finally, the clinical and translational implications of these cardioprotective mechanisms are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Cadenas
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM) and Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Novotný T, Uhlík J, Vajner L. Four-day pulse of sodium cromoglycate modulates pulmonary vessel wall remodeling during 21-day hypoxia in rats. Exp Lung Res 2018; 44:1-12. [PMID: 29324062 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2017.1393708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Remodeling of pulmonary resistance arteries in rats due to 4-day hypoxia could be successfully suppressed by sodium cromoglycate. In this study, we tested the difference in the suppression between two distinct time patterns of cromoglycate administration during 21-day hypoxia. In the experiment, we focused on some details in both smooth muscle cells and extracellular matrix of pulmonary arterial walls. METHODS During 21-day hypoxia, rats were treated with sodium cromoglycate either in the first four days or in the last four days. The first four days were chosen to test efficiency of an initial pulse of cromoglycate to suppress pulmonary vascular remodeling. The last four-day administration tested possibility to block remodeling post hoc. RESULTS Initial pulse reduced and modified remodeling in all levels of pulmonary arteries, which comprises neomuscularization of prealveolar arteries, asymmetrical hypertrophy of tunica media in muscular pulmonary arteries and hypertrophy of tunica media and tunica adventitia in large conduit arteries. Terminal pulse had only negligible effect. CONCLUSIONS Only the initial cromoglycate therapy led to significant morphological suppression of remodeling. We therefore assume important role of initial remodeling influencing during long time hypoxia experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Novotný
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague , Plzeňska , Prague , Czech Republic.,b Department of Orthopedics , Municipal Hospital of Litoměřice , Žitenická, Litoměřice , Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Uhlík
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague , Plzeňska , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Luděk Vajner
- a Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine , Charles University in Prague , Plzeňska , Prague , Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yakusheva EN, Mylnikov PY, Chernykh IV, Shchulkin AV. [Mexidol effect on the factor induced by hypoxia HIF-1α expression in the rat cerebral cortex in ischemia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:87-91. [PMID: 29171495 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro201711710187-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the research - to study the Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate) effect on the factor induced by hypoxia (HIF-1α) expression in the frontal cortex of the brain in its ischemia. MATERIAL AND METHODS The work was performed on the 64 male Wistar rats. The expression of HIF-1α was determined immunohistochemically. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION It is determined that single intraperitoneal administration of Mexidol at a dose 120 mg/kg and oral administration at a dose 100 mg/kg three times a day for 14 days is not affected the expression of HIF-1α. Unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery increases the expression of HIF-1α at 4 hours after the occlusion. Oral administration of Mexidol at a dose 100 mg/kg three times a day for 14 days before and after ischemia increases the expression of HIF-1α after 4 and 12 hours in comparison with the norm, on the 5th day in comparison with occlusion control. Thus, it has been established that Mexidol increases the expression of HIF-1α in the frontal cortex of rat brain not under normal conditions, but in unilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E N Yakusheva
- Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - P Yu Mylnikov
- Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - I V Chernykh
- Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| | - A V Shchulkin
- Pavlov Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Czuba M, Wilk R, Karpiński J, Chalimoniuk M, Zajac A, Langfort J. Intermittent hypoxic training improves anaerobic performance in competitive swimmers when implemented into a direct competition mesocycle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180380. [PMID: 28763443 PMCID: PMC5538675 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on anaerobic and aerobic capacity and swimming performance in well-trained swimmers. Sixteen male swimmers were randomly divided into a hypoxia (H) group (n = 8), which trained in a normobaric hypoxia environment, and a control (C) group (n = 8), which exercised under normoxic conditions. However, one participant left the study without explanation. During the experiment group H trained on land twice per week in simulated hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.5%, corresponding to 2,500 m a.s.l); however, they conducted swim training in normoxic conditions. Group C performed the same training program under normoxic conditions. The training program included four weekly microcyles, followed by three days of recovery. During practice sessions on land, the swimmers performed 30 second sprints on an arm-ergometer, alternating with two minute high intensity intervals on a lower limb cycle ergometer. The results showed that the training on land caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in absolute maximal workload (WRmax) by 7.4% in group H and by 3.2% in group C and relative values of VO2max by 6.9% in group H and 3.7% in group C. However, absolute values of VO2max were not significantly changed. Additionally, a significant (p<0.05) increase in mean power (Pmean) during the first (11.7%) and second (11.9%) Wingate tests was only observed in group H. The delta values of lactate concentration (ΔLA) after both Wingate tests were significantly (p<0.05) higher in comparison to baseline levels by 28.8% in group H. Opposite changes were observed in delta values of blood pH (ΔpH) after both Wingate tests in group H, with a significant decrease in values of ΔpH by 33.3%. The IHT caused a significant (p<0.05) improvement in 100m and 200m swimming performance, by 2.1% and 1.8%, respectively in group H. Training in normoxia (group C), resulted in a significant (p<0.05) improvement of swimming performance at 100m and 200m, by 1.1% and 0.8%, respectively. In conclusion, the most important finding of this study includes a significant improvement in anaerobic capacity and swimming performance after high-intensity IHT. However, this training protocol had no effect on absolute values of VO2max and hematological variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miłosz Czuba
- Department of Sports Training, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Faculty of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Robert Wilk
- Department of Swimming, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Faculty of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jakub Karpiński
- Department of Swimming, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Faculty of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Chalimoniuk
- Department of Tourism and Health in Biala Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Zajac
- Department of Sports Training, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Faculty of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Józef Langfort
- Department of Sports Training, the Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Faculty of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Serebrovska TV, Portnychenko AG, Drevytska TI, Portnichenko VI, Xi L, Egorov E, Gavalko AV, Naskalova S, Chizhova V, Shatylo VB. Intermittent hypoxia training in prediabetes patients: Beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis, hypoxia tolerance and gene expression. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1542-1552. [PMID: 28758418 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217723578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed at examining beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) under prediabetic conditions. We investigate the effects of three-week IHT on blood glucose level, tolerance to acute hypoxia, and leukocyte mRNA expression of hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and its target genes, i.e. insulin receptor, facilitated glucose transporter-solute carrier family-2, and potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily J. Seven healthy and 11 prediabetic men and women (44-70 years of age) were examined before, next day and one month after three-week IHT (3 sessions per week, each session consisting 4 cycles of 5-min 12% O2 and 5-min room air breathing). We found that IHT afforded beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis in patients with prediabetes reducing fasting glucose and during standard oral glucose tolerance test. The most pronounced positive effects were observed at one month after IHT termination. IHT also significantly increased the tolerance to acute hypoxia (i.e. SaO2 level at 20th min of breathing with 12% O2) and improved functional parameters of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. IHT stimulated HIF-1α mRNA expression in blood leukocytes in healthy and prediabetic subjects, but in prediabetes patients the maximum increase was lagged. The greatest changes in mRNA expression of HIF-1α target genes occurred a month after IHT and coincided with the largest decrease in blood glucose levels. The higher expression of HIF-1α was positively associated with higher tolerance to hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, our results suggest that IHT may be useful for preventing the development of type 2 diabetes. Impact statement The present study investigated the beneficial effects of intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) in humans under prediabetic conditions. We found that three-week moderate IHT induced higher HIF-1α mRNA expressions as well as its target genes, which were positively correlated with higher tolerance to acute hypoxia and better glucose homeostasis in both middle-aged healthy and prediabetic subjects. This small clinical trial has provided new data suggesting a potential utility of IHT for management of prediabetes patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alla G Portnychenko
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana I Drevytska
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I Portnichenko
- 1 Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology, Kiev 01024, Ukraine.,2 ICAMER, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev 03680, Ukraine
| | - Lei Xi
- 3 Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.,4 School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Egor Egorov
- 5 CELLGYM Technologies GmbH, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Anna V Gavalko
- 6 D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, Kiev 04114, Ukraine
| | | | | | - Valeriy B Shatylo
- 6 D.F. Chebotarev State Institute of Gerontology, Kiev 04114, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Herawati M, Wardaya, Mulyawan W, Farhan FS, Ferdinal F, Jusman SWA, Sadikin M. Expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and Myoglobin in Rat Heart as Adaptive Response to Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxia Exposure. HAYATI JOURNAL OF BIOSCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hjb.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|
35
|
Niu X, Li S, Zheng S, Xiong H, Lv J, Zhang H, Liu H. Hypoxia-induced brain cell damage in male albino wistar rat. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 25:1473-1477. [PMID: 30505197 PMCID: PMC6252012 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The biochemical markers of rat under low oxygen concentration, including brain water level, lactic acid, necrosis and Na+-K+-ATPase, was detected to analyze the hypoxia-induced brain damage, and to analyze the mechanism of brain injury. Histopathological alteration in brain tissue induced by hypoxia were investigated through hematoxylin and eosin stain (HE). Hypoxia induced factor-1a (HIF-1a) expression level in the brain was carried out using immunohistochemistry. Lactic acid level was positively correlated with the level of hypoxia, while concentration-dependent decrease in total Na+-K+-ATPase activity was noted. Hypoxia induced rathad a significant difference on brain water content compared to controls. The level of necrosis and lactic acid level was increased, and the decrease of Na+-K+-ATPase activity was observed. Histopathological examination of brain confirmed that there was neuronal cell death in hippocampal region. HIF-1a expression increased the hypoxia adaptation capability of the rat through the expressions of genes. Lactic acid, Na+-K+-ATPase and HIF-1a plays an important role in brain injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Niu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Siyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Simin Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Hongfei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Junlin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Huijuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province 710004, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Kong Z, Shi Q, Nie J, Tong TK, Song L, Yi L, Hu Y. High-Intensity Interval Training in Normobaric Hypoxia Improves Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Overweight Chinese Young Women. Front Physiol 2017; 8:175. [PMID: 28386234 PMCID: PMC5362639 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have investigated the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in overweight populations. However, the additive effect of HIIT and hypoxia on health parameters is not clear. This study compared the effects of HIIT under hypoxic conditions on cardiometabolic function with that under normoxia in overweight Chinese young women. Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled experimental design was applied. Twenty-four sedentary overweight Chinese young women (weight: 68.8 ± 7.0 kg, BMI: 25.8 ± 2.3 kg·m−2) participated in the HIIT under either normoxia (NORM, n = 13, PIO2: 150 mmHg, FIO2: 0.21) or normobaric hypoxia (HYP, n = 11, PIO2: 117 mmHg, FIO2: 0.15) for 5 weeks. HIIT was composed of 60 repetitions of 8 s maximal cycling effort interspersed with 12-s recovery per day, for 4 days per week. Cardiorespiratory fitness [peak oxygen uptake (V·O2peak), and peak oxygen pulse (peak O2 pulse)], serum lipid profile [triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)], and body composition (regional and whole-body), were assessed at pre- and post-intervention during the days beyond the self-reported menstrual phase of the participants. Habitual physical activity and diary behavior were maintained during the intervention period. Results: With similar daily energy intake and physical activity, the increases in V·O2peak [NORM: 0.26 ± 0.37 L·min−1 (+11.8%) vs. HYP: 0.54 ± 0.34 L·min−1 (+26.1%)] and peak O2 pulse (NORM: +13.4% vs. HYP: +25.9%) for HYP were twice-larger than for NORM (p < 0.05). Although the 5-wk HIIT led to significant improvements in the ratios of TC/HDL-C (p = 0.035) and TG/HDL-C (p = 0.027), no significant group effects were found on the serum variables. Further, no significant changes in body composition or serum fasting leptin were observed in either group. Conclusion: 5-wk of HIIT improved cardiorespiratory fitness and blood lipids in overweight Chinese young females, while the additive effect of the HIIT under normobaric hypoxia solely enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness, but not body composition or serum lipid profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Kong
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Qingde Shi
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute Macau, China
| | - Jinlei Nie
- School of Physical Education and Sports, Macao Polytechnic Institute Macau, China
| | - Tomas K Tong
- Department of Physical Education, Dr. Stephen Hui Research Centre for Physical Recreation and Wellness, Hong Kong Baptist University Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Song
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau Macau, China
| | - Longyan Yi
- Sports Science Research Center, Beijing Sport University Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Sports Science Research Center, Beijing Sport University Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Manukhina EB, Downey HF, Mallet RT. Role of Nitric Oxide in Cardiovascular Adaptation to Intermittent Hypoxia. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 231:343-65. [PMID: 16565431 DOI: 10.1177/153537020623100401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is one of the most frequently encountered stresses in health and disease. The duration, frequency, and severity of hypoxic episodes are critical factors determining whether hypoxia is beneficial or harmful. Adaptation to intermittent hypoxia has been demonstrated to confer cardiovascular protection against more severe and sustained hypoxia, and, moreover, to protect against other stresses, including ischemia. Thus, the direct and cross protective effects of adaptation to intermittent hypoxia have been used for treatment and prevention of a variety of diseases and to increase efficiency of exercise training. Evidence is mounting that nitric oxide (NO) plays a central role in these adaptive mechanisms. NO-dependent protective mechanisms activated by intermittent hypoxia include stimulation of NO synthesis as well as restriction of NO overproduction. In addition, alternative, nonenzymic sources of NO and negative feedback of NO synthesis are important factors in optimizing NO concentrations. The adaptive enhancement of NO synthesis and/or availability activates or increases expression of other protective factors, including heat shock proteins, antioxidants and prostaglandins, making the protection more robust and sustained. Understanding the role of NO in mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia will support development of therapies to prevent and treat hypoxic or ischemic damage to organs and cells and to increase adaptive capabilities of the organism.
Collapse
|
38
|
Botlagunta M, Kollapalli B, Kakarla L, Gajarla SP, Gade SP, Dadi CL, Penumadu A, Javeed S. In vitro anti-cancer activity of doxorubicin against human RNA helicase, DDX3. Bioinformation 2016; 12:347-353. [PMID: 28246464 PMCID: PMC5311078 DOI: 10.6026/97320630012347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA helicase, DDX3 is a multifunctional enzyme and is known to be associated with several diseases like HIV progression, brain and breast cancer. Some of the ring expanded nucleoside compounds such as REN: NZ51, fused di imidazodiazepine ring (RK33), (Z)-3-(5- (3-bromo benzylidene)-4-oxo-2-thioxothiazolidin-3-yl)-N-(2- hydroxy phenyl) propanamide compound (FE15) have been documented to inhibit DDX3 helicase activity. However, synthesis of these drugs is limited to few research groups. Prevalence of literature study, we found that doxorubicin form strong hydrogen bond interactions with crystallized form of DDX3 using in-silico molecular docking approach. To evaluate the biological inhibitory action of doxorubicin, we performed the ATPase activity assay and anti-cancer activity using H357 cancer cell lines. Results showed that doxorubicin continually declined the inorganic phosphate (Pi) release and inhibited the ATP hydrolysis by directly interacting with DDX3. Anticancer activity was detected by MTT assay. The half maximal inhibitory concentrations of doxorubicin (IC50) for H357 cancer cell line is 50 μM and also doxorubicin significantly down regulated the expression of DDX3. Taken together, our results demonstrate, that inhibition of DDX3 expression by using doxorubicin can be used as an ideal drug candidate to treat DDX3 associated cancer disorder by interacting with unique amino acid residues (Thr 198) and common amino acid residues (Tyr 200 and Thr 201).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahendran Botlagunta
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522502, India
- Sweety Biologicals India Private Limited,Kavali, Andhra Pradesh-524201, India
| | | | - Lavanya Kakarla
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522502, India
| | - Siva Priya Gajarla
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522502, India
| | - Sai Pujitha Gade
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522502, India
| | - Chandra Lekha Dadi
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522502, India
| | - Akhila Penumadu
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522502, India
| | - Shaik Javeed
- Department of Biotechnology, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh-522502, India
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rauen T, Frye BC, Wang J, Raffetseder U, Alidousty C, En-Nia A, Floege J, Mertens PR. Cold shock protein YB-1 is involved in hypoxia-dependent gene transcription. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:982-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
40
|
Berendsen RR, Lindeman RC, Boom M, Aarts LPHJ, van Dorp ELA, Teppema LJ. Erythropoietin does not have effects on the ventilatory and pulmonary vascular response to acute hypoxia in men and women. Exp Physiol 2016; 101:1230-1240. [DOI: 10.1113/ep085675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remco R. Berendsen
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Merel Boom
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Leon P. H. J. Aarts
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
| | | | - Luc J. Teppema
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology; Leiden The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dong Y, Thompson LP. Differential Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Coronary and Cardiac Tissue in Hypoxic Fetal Guinea Pig Hearts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 13:483-90. [PMID: 16979353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsgi.2006.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the present study was to quantify the effect of chronic hypoxia on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene and protein expression of fetal coronary artery segments and cardiac tissue of fetal guinea pig hearts. METHODS Time-mated pregnant guinea pigs (term = 65 days) were housed in room air (NMX, n = 6) or in a hypoxic chamber containing 10.5% O2 for 14 days (HPX14, n = 6). At near term (60 days gestation), fetuses were excised from anesthetized animals via hysterotomy and hearts were removed and weighed. Both coronary artery segments and cardiac ventricle were excised from the same hearts, frozen, and stored at -80 C until ready for study. eNOS mRNA was quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on SYBR Green I labeling (BioRad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) using eNOS primers obtained from GeneBank normalized to 18S. eNOS proteins were quantified by Western immunoblotting using eNOS antibody (1:200) and normalized to normoxic controls. eNOS cell-specific localization in the fetal guinea pig heart was performed by double immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Both coronary artery endothelial cells (EC) and cardiomyocytes (CM) but not vascular smooth muscle cells of normoxic hearts exhibited positive immunostaining of eNOS protein. Chronic hypoxia significantly (P < .05) increased both eNOS mRNA and protein levels of coronary artery segments (by 210.6% and 51.4%, respectively) but decreased (P < .05) mRNA and protein of cardiac tissue (by 50.0% and 40.6%, respectively) in the same hearts. CONCLUSIONS Chronic fetal hypoxia, after 14 days, induces sustained changes in eNOS gene and eNOS protein expression that differ between coronary and cardiac tissue in the fetal guinea pig heart. This study suggests that while the functional roles of altered eNOS expression in hypoxic fetal hearts remain unclear, the site at which eNOS expression is altered may be important in the adaptive response of the fetal heart to hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yafeng Dong
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Yin HL, Luo CW, Dai ZK, Shaw KP, Chai CY, Wu CC. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and endothelin-1 expression correlates with angiogenesis in congenital heart disease. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2016; 32:348-55. [PMID: 27450023 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Taiwan, the average prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD) is 13.08/1000 live births. Most children with CHD die before the age of 5 years; therefore, identifying treatment methods to extend the life of CHD patients is an important issue in clinical practice. The objective of this study is to evaluate the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelin-1 (ET-1), and CD34 in CHD autopsy cases in comparison with autopsy cases without CHD. The study included 19 autopsy cases, which were divided into the following four groups: acyanotic CHD (n = 11), cyanotic CHD (n = 3), CHD associated with chromosomal abnormalities (n = 3), and complex CHD (n = 2). Heart specimens obtained from 10 autopsy cases without CHD were included as controls. Our results indicated that high percentages of HIF-1α (100%), VEGF (89.5%), iNOS (78.9%), and ET-1 (84.2%) expressions were observed in CHD autopsy cases and this was found to be significant. HIF-1α induced by hypoxia could play a potential role in relating downstream gene expressions in CHD patients. Upregulation of VEGF by HIF-1α could play an important role in triggering angiogenesis to protect myocardial cell survival in a hypoxic microenvironment. Therefore, HIF-1α could be a significant prognosis marker in CHD and be a prospective candidate in the development of target therapy in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Ling Yin
- Division of Forensic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Shaw
- Department of Forensic Pathology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Ministry of Justice, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chee-Yin Chai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Wu
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Flaherty G, O'Connor R, Johnston N. Altitude training for elite endurance athletes: A review for the travel medicine practitioner. Travel Med Infect Dis 2016; 14:200-11. [PMID: 27040934 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
High altitude training is regarded as an integral component of modern athletic preparation, especially for endurance sports such as middle and long distance running. It has rapidly achieved popularity among elite endurance athletes and their coaches. Increased hypoxic stress at altitude facilitates key physiological adaptations within the athlete, which in turn may lead to improvements in sea-level athletic performance. Despite much research in this area to date, the exact mechanisms which underlie such improvements remain to be fully elucidated. This review describes the current understanding of physiological adaptation to high altitude training and its implications for athletic performance. It also discusses the rationale and main effects of different training models currently employed to maximise performance. Athletes who travel to altitude for training purposes are at risk of suffering the detrimental effects of altitude. Altitude illness, weight loss, immune suppression and sleep disturbance may serve to limit athletic performance. This review provides an overview of potential problems which an athlete may experience at altitude, and offers specific training recommendations so that these detrimental effects are minimised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Flaherty
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland; School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Rory O'Connor
- School of Biomedical Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| | - Niall Johnston
- School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Hormetic and regulatory effects of lipid peroxidation mediators in pancreatic beta cells. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 49:49-77. [PMID: 27012748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient sensing mechanisms of carbohydrates, amino acids and lipids operate distinct pathways that are essential for the adaptation to varying metabolic conditions. The role of nutrient-induced biosynthesis of hormones is paramount for attaining metabolic homeostasis in the organism. Nutrient overload attenuate key metabolic cellular functions and interfere with hormonal-regulated inter- and intra-organ communication, which may ultimately lead to metabolic derangements. Hyperglycemia and high levels of saturated free fatty acids induce excessive production of oxygen free radicals in tissues and cells. This phenomenon, which is accentuated in both type-1 and type-2 diabetic patients, has been associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance and the etiology of peripheral complications. However, low levels of the same free radicals also induce hormetic responses that protect cells against deleterious effects of the same radicals. Of interest is the role of hydroxyl radicals in initiating peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and generation of α,β-unsaturated reactive 4-hydroxyalkenals that avidly form covalent adducts with nucleophilic moieties in proteins, phospholipids and nucleic acids. Numerous studies have linked the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2E-nonenal (4-HNE) to different pathological and cytotoxic processes. Similarly, two other members of the family, 4-hydroxyl-2E-hexenal (4-HHE) and 4-hydroxy-2E,6Z-dodecadienal (4-HDDE), have also been identified as potential cytotoxic agents. It has been suggested that 4-HNE-induced modifications in macromolecules in cells may alter their cellular functions and modify signaling properties. Yet, it has also been acknowledged that these bioactive aldehydes also function as signaling molecules that directly modify cell functions in a hormetic fashion to enable cells adapt to various stressful stimuli. Recent studies have shown that 4-HNE and 4-HDDE, which activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) in vascular endothelial cells and insulin secreting beta cells, promote such adaptive responses to ameliorate detrimental effects of high glucose and diabetes-like conditions. In addition, due to the electrophilic nature of these reactive aldehydes they form covalent adducts with electronegative moieties in proteins, phosphatidylethanolamine and nucleotides. Normally these non-enzymatic modifications are maintained below the cytotoxic range due to efficient cellular neutralization processes of 4-hydroxyalkenals. The major neutralizing enzymes include fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase (FALDH), aldose reductase (AR) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), which transform the aldehyde to the corresponding carboxylic acid or alcohols, respectively, or by biding to the thiol group in glutathione (GSH) by the action of glutathione-S-transferase (GST). This review describes the hormetic and cytotoxic roles of oxygen free radicals and 4-hydroxyalkenals in beta cells exposed to nutritional challenges and the cellular mechanisms they employ to maintain their level at functional range below the cytotoxic threshold.
Collapse
|
45
|
Korkushko OV, Shatilo VB, Chyzhova VP, Naskalova SS, Osmak YD, Gremiakov AV, Antoniuk-Scheglova IA, Gavalko GV, Naumchuk NS. ORGANISM REACTION TO DOSED HYPOXIC HYPOXIA IN THE HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND INDIVIDUALS WITH PREDIABETIC HYDROGEN METABOLISM DISTURBANCES. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [PMID: 29537198 DOI: 10.15407/fz62.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
To assess organism reaction to dosed hypoxic hypoxia in the human invividuals with pre-diabetic hydrogen metabolism disturbances.Altogether 40 subjects, age range 50-74 years, were examined, including 18 persons with pre-diabetic hydrogen metabolism disturbances and 22 essentially healthy subjects. All of them underwent dosed hypoxic test (breathing gas mixture containing 12 % of oxygen during nearly 20 min. The following monitorings were performed: blood saturation (SpO2), breathing rate, arterial blood pressure and heart rate; and standard glucose tolerance test (GTT) for blood plasma glucose and insulin concentration. The patients with prediabetic hydrogen metabolism disturbances displayed a more significant decrease of SpO2 and less effective functioning of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems during dosed hypoxic test compared with the healthy individuals without hydrogen metabolism disturbances. After redistribution of study subjects relative the degree of SpO2 decrease at dosed hypoxic test in the subgroup with satisfactory resistance to hypoxia (subgroup 1: SpO2 more than 80 %) and with reduced (subgroup 2: SpO2 80 % or less) we have found that the fasting glucose level after 2-hour GTT was significantly higher in subgroup 2 versus subgroup 1. The obtained results indicate the interrelationship between organism reaction to hypoxia, in particular between the degree of arterial hypoxemia during performance of the dosed hypoxic test and the indices of fasting glycemia and at standard GTT. The patients with pre-diabetic hydrogen metabolism disturbances are characterized with lower resistance to hypoxic hypoxia.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Vascular homeostasis is regulated by complex interactions between many vascular cell components, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), adventitial inflammatory cells, and autonomic nervous system. The balance between oxidant and antioxidant systems determines intracellular redox status, and their imbalance can cause oxidative stress. Excessive oxidative stress is one of the important stimuli that induce cellular damage and dysregulation of vascular cell components, leading to vascular diseases through multiple pathways. Cyclophilin A (CyPA) is one of the causative proteins that mediate oxidative stress-induced cardiovascular dysfunction. CyPA was initially discovered as the intracellular receptor of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporine 30 years ago. However, recent studies have established that CyPA is secreted from vascular cell components, such as endothelial cells and VSMCs. Extracellular CyPA augments the development of cardiovascular diseases. CyPA secretion is regulated by Rho-kinase, which contributes to the pathogenesis of vasospasm, arteriosclerosis, ischemia/reperfusion injury, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and heart failure. We recently reported that plasma CyPA levels are significantly higher in patients with coronary artery disease, which is associated with increased numbers of stenotic coronary arteries and the need for coronary intervention in such patients. Furthermore, we showed that the vascular erythropoietin (Epo)/Epo receptor system plays an important role in production of nitric oxide and maintenance of vascular redox state and homeostasis, with a potential mechanistic link to the Rho-kinase-CyPA pathway. In this article, I review the data on the protective role of the vascular Epo/Epo receptor system and discuss the roles of the CyPA/Rho-kinase system in cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimio Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Diverse of Erythropoiesis Responding to Hypoxia and Low Environmental Temperature in Vertebrates. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:747052. [PMID: 26557695 PMCID: PMC4628722 DOI: 10.1155/2015/747052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Erythrocytes are responsible for transporting oxygen to tissue and are essential for the survival of almost all vertebrate animals. Circulating erythrocyte counts are tightly regulated and respond to erythrocyte mass and oxygen tension. Since the discovery of erythropoietin, the erythropoietic responses to environment and tissue oxygen tension have been investigated in mice and human. Moreover, it has recently become increasingly clear that various environmental stresses could induce the erythropoiesis via various modulating systems, while all vertebrates live in various environments and habitually adapt to environmental stress. Therefore, it is considered that investigations of erythropoiesis in vertebrates provide a lead to the various erythropoietic responses to environmental stress. This paper comparatively introduces the present understanding of erythropoiesis in vertebrates. Indeed, there is a wide range of variations in vertebrates' erythropoiesis. This paper also focused on erythropoietic responses to environmental stress, hypoxia, and lowered temperature in vertebrates.
Collapse
|
48
|
Veith C, Schermuly RT, Brandes RP, Weissmann N. Molecular mechanisms of hypoxia-inducible factor-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell alterations in pulmonary hypertension. J Physiol 2015; 594:1167-77. [PMID: 26228924 DOI: 10.1113/jp270689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is essential for the viability and function of most metazoan organisms and thus is closely monitored at both the organismal and the cellular levels. However, alveoli often encounter decreased O2 levels (hypoxia), leading to activation of physiological or pathophysiological responses in the pulmonary arteries. Such changes are achieved by activation of transcription factors. The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the most prominent hypoxia-regulated transcription factors in this regard. HIFs bind to hypoxia-response elements (HREs) in the promoter region of target genes, whose expression and translation allows the organism, amongst other factors, to cope with decreased environmental O2 partial pressure (pO2). However, prolonged HIF activation can contribute to major structural alterations, especially in the lung, resulting in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH is characterized by a rise in pulmonary arterial pressure associated with pulmonary arterial remodelling, concomitant with a reduced intravascular lumen area. Patients with PH develop right heart hypertrophy and eventually die from right heart failure. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of HIF regulation in PH is critical for the identification of novel therapeutic strategies. This review addresses the relationship of hypoxia and the HIF system with pulmonary arterial dysfunction in PH. We particularly focus on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the HIF-driven pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Veith
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T Schermuly
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, ECCPS, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Centre (UGMLC), member of the German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Excellence Cluster Cardio-Pulmonary System (ECCPS), 35392, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
|
50
|
Zeng Y, Liu H, Kang K, Wang Z, Hui G, Zhang X, Zhong J, Peng W, Ramchandran R, Raj JU, Gou D. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 mediates expression of miR-322: potential role in proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12098. [PMID: 26166214 PMCID: PMC4499844 DOI: 10.1038/srep12098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that microRNAs play important roles in cellular responses to hypoxia and in pulmonary hypertensive vascular remodeling, but the exact molecular mechanisms involved are not fully elucidated. In this study, we identified miR-322 as one of the microRNAs induced in lungs of chronically hypoxic mice and rats. The expression of miR-322 was also upregulated in primary cultured rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) in response to hypoxia. We demonstrated that HIF-1α, but not HIF-2α, transcriptionally upregulates the expression of miR-322 in hypoxia. Furthermore, miR-322 facilitated the accumulation of HIF-1α in the nucleus and promoted hypoxia-induced cell proliferation and migration. Direct targeting BMPR1a and smad5 by miR-322 was demonstrated in PASMCs suggesting that downregulation of BMP-Smad signaling pathway may be mediating the hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation and migration. Our study implicates miR-322 in the hypoxic proliferative response of PASMCs suggesting that it may be playing a role in pulmonary vascular remodeling associated with pulmonary hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zeng
- 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China [2] Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Kang Kang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen Sun Yat-Sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Gang Hui
- Department of Chest Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Jiasheng Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Wenda Peng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China
| | - Ramaswamy Ramchandran
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| | - J Usha Raj
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| | - Deming Gou
- 1] Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresourse and Eco-environmental Science, College of Life Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518060, China [2] Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|