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Carulla P, Badia-Villanueva M, Civit S, Carrascal M, Abian J, Ricart-Jané D, Llobera M, Casanovas A, López-Tejero MD. The response to fasting and refeeding reveals functional regulation of lipoprotein lipase proteoforms. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1271149. [PMID: 37916217 PMCID: PMC10617031 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1271149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is responsible for the intravascular catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and plays a central role in whole-body energy balance and lipid homeostasis. As such, LPL is subject to tissue-specific regulation in different physiological conditions, but the mechanisms of this regulation remain incompletely characterized. Previous work revealed that LPL comprises a set of proteoforms with different isoelectric points, but their regulation and functional significance have not been studied thus far. Here we studied the distribution of LPL proteoforms in different rat tissues and their regulation under physiological conditions. First, analysis by two-dimensional electrophoresis and Western blot showed different patterns of LPL proteoforms (i.e., different pI or relative abundance of LPL proteoforms) in different rat tissues under basal conditions, which could be related to the tissue-specific regulation of the enzyme. Next, the comparison of LPL proteoforms from heart and brown adipose tissue between adults and 15-day-old rat pups, two conditions with minimal regulation of LPL in these tissues, yielded virtually the same tissue-specific patterns of LPL proteoforms. In contrast, the pronounced downregulation of LPL activity observed in white adipose tissue during fasting is accompanied by a prominent reconfiguration of the LPL proteoform pattern. Furthermore, refeeding reverts this downregulation of LPL activity and restores the pattern of LPL proteoforms in this tissue. Importantly, this reversible proteoform-specific regulation during fasting and refeeding indicates that LPL proteoforms are functionally diverse. Further investigation of potential differences in the functional properties of LPL proteoforms showed that all proteoforms exhibit lipolytic activity and have similar heparin-binding affinity, although other functional aspects remain to be investigated. Overall, this study demonstrates the ubiquity, differential distribution and specific regulation of LPL proteoforms in rat tissues and underscores the need to consider the existence of LPL proteoforms for a complete understanding of LPL regulation under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Carulla
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Badia-Villanueva
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Civit
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC/IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquin Abian
- Biological and Environmental Proteomics, Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IIBB-CSIC/IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ricart-Jané
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Llobera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Casanovas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M. Dolores López-Tejero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Yildiz M, Miedema MD, Murthy A, Henry TD, Bergstedt S, Okeson BK, Schmidt CW, Volpenhein L, Garcia S, Sharkey SW, Aguirre FV. Association of triglyceride levels with adverse cardiovascular events in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17308. [PMID: 37484361 PMCID: PMC10361356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is an established association between elevated triglyceride (eTG, ≥175 mg/dl) levels and adverse cardiovascular events, some studies have suggested that eTG levels may be linked to neutral or even improved clinical outcomes, particularly among patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, these studies had certain limitations, including small sample sizes, heterogeneous study populations, and inadequate statistical adjustments. To address these limitations, we conducted an analysis of 5347 patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) between March 2003 and December 2020, using a prospective registry-based cohort from two large, regional STEMI centers. We used a triglyceride level of 175 mg/dl as the cutoff point for eTG levels. Of the study participants, 24.5% (n = 1312) had eTG levels. These patients were more likely to be younger, male, and have a higher number of cardiovascular risk factors compared to those with low TG levels. Despite these unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles, patients with eTG levels had lower unadjusted risks of 1-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) -a composite of myocardial infarction, stroke, and death- than those with low TG levels (8.8% vs. 11%, p = 0.034). However, after adjusting for certain clinical factors and lipid profile, eTG levels were not associated with a lower 1-year MACE (aHR: 1.10 (0.71-1.70), p = 0.7). In conclusion, a quarter of STEMI patients had eTG levels and these patients had comparable long-term cardiovascular outcomes compared to those with low TG levels after controlling for clinical factors and lipid profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Yildiz
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Avinash Murthy
- Prairie Heart Institute at St John's Hospital, Springfield, IL, USA
| | - Timothy D. Henry
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Seth Bergstedt
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Brynn K. Okeson
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Lucas Volpenhein
- The Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research and Education at The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Santiago Garcia
- Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Frank V. Aguirre
- Prairie Heart Institute at St John's Hospital, Springfield, IL, USA
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3
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Liu P, Guo L, Mao H, Gu Z. Serum proteomics analysis reveals the thermal fitness of crossbred dairy buffalo to chronic heat stress. J Therm Biol 2020; 89:102547. [PMID: 32364989 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heat stress (CHS) reduces the production efficiency of the buffalo dairy industry. Relatively low-abundance proteins with particular functions in biological processes are changed by CHS. The present study aimed to quantify the differences in low-abundance proteins of crossbred dairy buffaloes under CHS and thermal-neutral (TN) conditions. With label-free quantification, 344 low-abundance proteins were identified in serum. Of these, 17 differentially expressed low-abundance proteins with known functions were detected, and six of the differentially expressed proteins related to heat stress were validated with parallel reaction monitoring. Lipase (LPL), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), cathelicidin-2 (CATHL2), ceruloplasmin (CP), and hemoglobin subunit alpha 1 (HBA1) cooperatively played roles in the thermal fitness of dairy buffalo by decreasing heat production and increasing blood oxygen delivery. Also, dairy buffaloes may adapt to CHS and hypoxia with high levels of RBCs, HBA1 and CP to increase blood oxygen delivery capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Black dargon pool, China.
| | - Lulu Guo
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Black dargon pool, China.
| | - Huaming Mao
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Black dargon pool, China.
| | - Zhaobing Gu
- Yunnan Agricultural University, Black dargon pool, China.
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4
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Lu X, Dallal CM, He X, Juon HS, Wang MQ, Lee S. Parental caregiving trajectories and Metabolic Syndrome: A longitudinal study among Chinese women. Soc Sci Med 2019; 240:112559. [PMID: 31557555 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Caregiving stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS). However, few studies have investigated the consequences of caregiving on this objectively measured health outcome. This study used population based longitudinal data to examine the causal relationship between caregiving trajectory and MetS among Chinese women. This is a retrospective analysis of 741 women using three waves of data from the Ever-Married Women Survey component of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004, 2006, and 2009). Group-based trajectory analysis was used to examine the caregiving trajectories among women in China. Three caregiving trajectories were identified. In multivariate analyses adjusting for potential covariates, 'rising to high-intense' caregivers (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.78; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10, 12.93) and 'stable low-intense' caregivers (OR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.92) were associated with higher risk of MetS compared with non-caregivers. Moreover, caregivers who provided 'stable low-intense' parental care were found to be associated with hypertension, high glucose and high triglycerides than those awho did not provide caregiving for their parents. Our results demonstrate that the caregiving trajectories were significantly associated with the risk of MetS. Findings from the study can be used to develop future stress management interventions to decrease MetS risk among women who provide care to their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Cher M Dallal
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xin He
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hee-Soon Juon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ming Qi Wang
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sunmin Lee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
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Cambras T, Baena-Fustegueras JA, Pardina E, Ricart-Jané D, Rossell J, Díez-Noguera A, Peinado-Onsurbe J. Seasonal variation in plasma lipids and lipases in young healthy humans. Chronobiol Int 2017; 34:1248-1258. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2017.1359618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trinitat Cambras
- Departament de Fisiologia i Bioquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Pardina
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ricart-Jané
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joana Rossell
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Díez-Noguera
- Departament de Fisiologia i Bioquímica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l’Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julia Peinado-Onsurbe
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Morgan A, Mooney K, Mc Auley M. Obesity and the dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism: implications for healthy aging. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:501-510. [PMID: 30058918 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2016.1245141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The population of the world is aging. In 2010, an estimated 524 million people were aged 65 years or older representing eight percent of the global population. By 2050, this number is expected to nearly triple to approximately 1.5 billion, 16 percent of the world's population. Although people are living longer, the quality of their lives are often compromised due to ill-health. Areas covered: Of the conditions which compromise health as we age, obesity is at the forefront. Over half of the global older population were overweight or obese in 2010, significantly increasing the risk of a range of metabolic diseases. Although, it is well recognised excessive calorie intake is a fundamental driver of adipose tissue dysfunction, the relationship between obesity; intrinsic aging; and fat metabolism is less understood. In this review we discuss the intersection between obesity, aging and the factors which contribute to the dysregulation of whole-body fat metabolism. Expert commentary: Being obese disrupts an array of physiological systems and there is significant crosstalk among these. Moreover it is imperative to acknowledge the contribution intrinsic aging makes to the dysregulation of these systems and the onset of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Morgan
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Chester, Thornton Science Park , Chester , UK
| | - Kathleen Mooney
- b Faculty of Health and Social Care , Edge Hill University , Lancashire , UK
| | - Mark Mc Auley
- a Department of Chemical Engineering , University of Chester, Thornton Science Park , Chester , UK
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7
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Tovchiga OV. The influence of goutweed (Aegopodium podagraria L.) tincture and metformin on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in dexamethasone-treated rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:235. [PMID: 27450405 PMCID: PMC4957838 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1221-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome are the common problems of the modern society. The interest in herbal medicines increases, and often they are used in combination with conventional drugs. Aegopodium podagraria L. (goutweed) is a plant widely used in traditional medicine. Hypoglycemic effect of goutweed aerial part tincture has been previously shown in alloxan-induced diabetic mice and in rats receiving excess of fructose and hydrochlorothiazide. The effects of co-administration of the tincture with widely used antihyperglycemic drugs have not been verified. The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of goutweed tincture and its combination with metformin using the model reproducing the pathogenetic mechanisms of the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Methods The animals were divided into 5 groups, as follows: intact control, dexamethasone (untreated), dexamethasone + metformin, 50 mg/kg; dexamethasone + A. podagraria tincture, 1 ml/kg intragastrically; dexamethasone + metformin, 50 mg/kg intragastrically + A. podagraria tincture, 1 ml/kg intragastrically. Dexamethasone was used at a dose of 5 mg/kg subcutaneously for 5 days. Insulin tolerance test and oral glucose tolerance test were performed, triglycerides, total lipids, total and HDL cholesterol content in plasma were determined, LDL cholesterol content was calculated, glycogen content in the liver was measured. Results Goutweed tincture combined with metformin increased its effect on the basal glycemia and on the results of the short insulin test. In the oral glucose tolerance test the lowest area under glucose curve and average glycemia value were seen in animals receiving this combination. Only metformin tended toward the reduction of liver glycogen. The decrease in triglycerides and increment of HDL cholesterol content (caused by the tincture), as well as tendency towards the decrease in total lipids level (caused by metformin) were observed against a background of the investigated combination, though the ability of GW tincture to reduce LDL cholesterol content and the same tendency seen against a background of metformin were eliminated when these preparations were administered together. Conclusion It has been shown that goutweed tincture combined with the respectively low dose of metformin partially increases the efficacy of the latter in dexamethasone-treated rats. Graphical abstract Goutweed tincture combined with the respectively low dose of metformin partially increases the efficacy of the latter in dexamethasone-treated rats![]()
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8
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Li Y, He PP, Zhang DW, Zheng XL, Cayabyab FS, Yin WD, Tang CK. Lipoprotein lipase: from gene to atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2014; 237:597-608. [PMID: 25463094 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipid metabolism and responsible for catalyzing lipolysis of triglycerides in lipoproteins. LPL is produced mainly in adipose tissue, skeletal and heart muscle, as well as in macrophage and other tissues. After synthesized, it is secreted and translocated to the vascular lumen. LPL expression and activity are regulated by a variety of factors, such as transcription factors, interactive proteins and nutritional state through complicated mechanisms. LPL with different distributions may exert distinct functions and have diverse roles in human health and disease with close association with atherosclerosis. It may pose a pro-atherogenic or an anti-atherogenic effect depending on its locations. In this review, we will discuss its gene, protein, synthesis, transportation and biological functions, and then focus on its regulation and relationship with atherosclerosis and potential underlying mechanisms. The goal of this review is to provide basic information and novel insight for further studies and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; School of Nursing, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Da-Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics and Group on the Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S2, Canada
| | - Xi-Long Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, The Cumming School of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Health Sciences Center, 3330 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Fracisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Wei-Dong Yin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Chao-Ke Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Key Laboratory for Atherosclerology of Hunan Province, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Discovery, Life Science Research Center, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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9
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Kersten S. Physiological regulation of lipoprotein lipase. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2014; 1841:919-33. [PMID: 24721265 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL), originally identified as the clearing factor lipase, hydrolyzes triglycerides present in the triglyceride-rich lipoproteins VLDL and chylomicrons. LPL is primarily expressed in tissues that oxidize or store fatty acids in large quantities such as the heart, skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue. Upon production by the underlying parenchymal cells, LPL is transported and attached to the capillary endothelium by the protein GPIHBP1. Because LPL is rate limiting for plasma triglyceride clearance and tissue uptake of fatty acids, the activity of LPL is carefully controlled to adjust fatty acid uptake to the requirements of the underlying tissue via multiple mechanisms at the transcriptional and post-translational level. Although various stimuli influence LPL gene transcription, it is now evident that most of the physiological variation in LPL activity, such as during fasting and exercise, appears to be driven via post-translational mechanisms by extracellular proteins. These proteins can be divided into two main groups: the liver-derived apolipoproteins APOC1, APOC2, APOC3, APOA5, and APOE, and the angiopoietin-like proteins ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4 and ANGPTL8, which have a broader expression profile. This review will summarize the available literature on the regulation of LPL activity in various tissues, with an emphasis on the response to diverse physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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10
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Badia-Villanueva M, Carulla P, Carrascal M, Abián J, Llobera M, Casanovas A, Dolores López-Tejero M. Lipoprotein lipase isoelectric point isoforms in humans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:480-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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de Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, de Souza A, de Oliveira CM, Medeiros LF, de Macedo IC, Marques Filho PR, Cioato SG, Caumo W, Torres ILS. Obesity and chronic stress are able to desynchronize the temporal pattern of serum levels of leptin and triglycerides. Peptides 2014; 51:46-53. [PMID: 24184591 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disruption of the circadian system can lead to metabolic dysfunction as a response to environmental alterations. This study assessed the effects of the association between obesity and chronic stress on the temporal pattern of serum levels of adipogenic markers and corticosterone in rats. We evaluated weekly weight, delta weight, Lee index, and weight fractions of adipose tissue (mesenteric, MAT; subcutaneous, SAT; and pericardial, PAT) to control for hypercaloric diet-induced obesity model efficacy. Wistar rats were divided into four groups: standard chow (C), hypercaloric diet (HD), stress plus standard chow (S), and stress plus hypercaloric diet (SHD), and analyzed at three time points: ZT0, ZT12, and ZT18. Stressed animals were subjected to chronic stress for 1h per day, 5 days per week, during 80 days. The chronic exposure to a hypercaloric diet was an effective model for the induction of obesity and metabolic syndrome, increasing delta weight, Lee index, weight fractions of adipose tissue, and triglycerides and leptin levels. We confirmed the presence of a temporal pattern in the release of triglycerides, corticosterone, leptin, and adiponectin in naïve animals. Chronic stress reduced delta weight, MAT weight, and levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin. There were interactions between chronic stress and obesity and serum total cholesterol levels, between time points and obesity and adiponectin and corticosterone levels, and between time points and chronic stress and serum leptin levels. In conclusion, both parameters were able to desynchronize the temporal pattern of leptin and triglyceride release, which could contribute to the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla de Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Leal Scarabelot
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Souza
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Laboratório de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Centro Universitário Univates, Lajeado, RS 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Cleverson Moraes de Oliveira
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Liciane Fernandes Medeiros
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina de Macedo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ricardo Marques Filho
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Stefania Giotti Cioato
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Wolnei Caumo
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Iraci L S Torres
- Pain Pharmacology and Neuromodulation, Animal Models Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Animal Experimentation Unit and Graduate Research Group, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Post Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.
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12
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Jeong JY, Lee DH, Kang SS. Effects of chronic restraint stress on body weight, food intake, and hypothalamic gene expressions in mice. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2013; 28:288-96. [PMID: 24396694 PMCID: PMC3871039 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2013.28.4.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress affects body weight and food intake, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. METHODS We evaluated the changes in body weight and food intake of ICR male mice subjected to daily 2 hours restraint stress for 15 days. Hypothalamic gene expression profiling was analyzed by cDNA microarray. RESULTS Daily body weight and food intake measurements revealed that both parameters decreased rapidly after initiating daily restraint stress. Body weights of stressed mice then remained significantly lower than the control body weights, even though food intake slowly recovered to 90% of the control intake at the end of the experiment. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that chronic restraint stress affects the expression of hypothalamic genes possibly related to body weight control. Since decreases of daily food intake and body weight were remarkable in days 1 to 4 of restraint, we examined the expression of food intake-related genes in the hypothalamus. During these periods, the expressions of ghrelin and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA were significantly changed in mice undergoing restraint stress. Moreover, daily serum corticosterone levels gradually increased, while leptin levels significantly decreased. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates that restraint stress affects body weight and food intake by initially modifying canonical food intake-related genes and then later modifying other genes involved in energy metabolism. These genetic changes appear to be mediated, at least in part, by corticosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Yeon Jeong
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sang Soo Kang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Institute of Health Sciences, Medical Research Center for Neural Dysfunction, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Korea
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Jun JC, Shin MK, Yao Q, Devera R, Fonti-Bevans S, Polotsky VY. Thermoneutrality modifies the impact of hypoxia on lipid metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E424-35. [PMID: 23249698 PMCID: PMC3566502 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00515.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been shown to rapidly increase triglycerides in mice by decreasing plasma lipoprotein clearance. However, the usual temperature of hypoxic exposure is below thermoneutrality for mice, which may increase thermogenesis and energy requirements, resulting in higher tissue lipid uptake. We hypothesize that decreased lipid clearance and ensuing hyperlipidemia are caused by hypoxic suppression of metabolism at cold temperatures and, therefore, would not occur at thermoneutrality. Twelve-week-old, male C57BL6/J mice were exposed to 6 h of 10% O₂ at the usual temperature (22°C) or thermoneutrality (30°C). Acclimation to 22°C increased lipid uptake in the heart, lungs, and brown adipose tissue, resulting in lower plasma triglyceride and cholesterol levels. At this temperature, hypoxia attenuated lipid uptake in most tissues, thereby raising plasma triglycerides and LDL cholesterol. Thermoneutrality decreased tissue lipid uptake, and hypoxia did not cause a further reduction in lipid uptake in any organs. Consequently, hypoxia at thermoneutrality did not affect plasma triglyceride levels. Unexpectedly, plasma HDL cholesterol increased. The effect of hypoxia on white adipose tissue lipolysis was also modified by temperature. Independent of temperature, hypoxia increased heart rate and glucose and decreased activity, body temperature, and glucose sensitivity. Our study underscores the importance of ambient temperature for hypoxia research, especially in studies of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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14
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Disruption of the selenocysteine lyase-mediated selenium recycling pathway leads to metabolic syndrome in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:4141-54. [PMID: 22890841 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00293-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element used for biosynthesis of selenoproteins and is acquired either through diet or cellular recycling mechanisms. Selenocysteine lyase (Scly) is the enzyme that supplies Se for selenoprotein biosynthesis via decomposition of the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). Knockout (KO) of Scly in a mouse affected hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Mice lacking Scly and raised on an Se-adequate diet exhibit hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, glucose intolerance, and hepatic steatosis, with increased hepatic oxidative stress, but maintain selenoprotein levels and circulating Se status. Insulin challenge of Scly KO mice results in attenuated Akt phosphorylation but does not decrease phosphorylation levels of AMP kinase alpha (AMPKα). Upon dietary Se restriction, Scly KO animals develop several characteristics of metabolic syndrome, such as obesity, fatty liver, and hypercholesterolemia, with aggravated hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance. Hepatic glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) and selenoprotein S (SelS) production and circulating selenoprotein P (Sepp1) levels are significantly diminished. Scly disruption increases the levels of insulin-signaling inhibitor PTP1B. Our results suggest a dependence of glucose and lipid homeostasis on Scly activity. These findings connect Se and energy metabolism and demonstrate for the first time a unique physiological role of Scly in an animal model.
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15
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Jun JC, Shin MK, Yao Q, Bevans-Fonti S, Poole J, Drager LF, Polotsky VY. Acute hypoxia induces hypertriglyceridemia by decreasing plasma triglyceride clearance in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 303:E377-88. [PMID: 22621867 PMCID: PMC3423119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00641.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) induces intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep and is associated with elevated triglycerides (TG). We previously demonstrated that mice exposed to chronic IH develop elevated TG. We now hypothesize that a single exposure to acute hypoxia also increases TG due to the stimulation of free fatty acid (FFA) mobilization from white adipose tissue (WAT), resulting in increased hepatic TG synthesis and secretion. Male C57BL6/J mice were exposed to FiO(2) = 0.21, 0.17, 0.14, 0.10, or 0.07 for 6 h followed by assessment of plasma and liver TG, glucose, FFA, ketones, glycerol, and catecholamines. Hypoxia dose-dependently increased plasma TG, with levels peaking at FiO(2) = 0.07. Hepatic TG levels also increased with hypoxia, peaking at FiO(2) = 0.10. Plasma catecholamines also increased inversely with FiO(2). Plasma ketones, glycerol, and FFA levels were more variable, with different degrees of hypoxia inducing WAT lipolysis and ketosis. FiO(2) = 0.10 exposure stimulated WAT lipolysis but decreased the rate of hepatic TG secretion. This degree of hypoxia rapidly and reversibly delayed TG clearance while decreasing [(3)H]triolein-labeled Intralipid uptake in brown adipose tissue and WAT. Hypoxia decreased adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in brown adipose tissue and WAT. In addition, hypoxia decreased the transcription of LPL, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, and fatty acid transporter CD36. We conclude that acute hypoxia increases plasma TG due to decreased tissue uptake, not increased hepatic TG secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C Jun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Speaker KJ, Fleshner M. Interleukin-1 beta: a potential link between stress and the development of visceral obesity. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 12:8. [PMID: 22738239 PMCID: PMC3404929 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-12-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Background A disproportionate amount of body fat within the abdominal cavity, otherwise known as visceral obesity, best predicts the negative health outcomes associated with high levels body fat. Growing evidence suggests that repeated activation of the stress response can favor visceral fat deposition and that visceral obesity may induce low-grade, systemic inflammation which is etiologically linked to the pathogenesis of obesity related diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. While the obesity epidemic has fueled considerable interest in these obesity-related inflammatory diseases, surprisingly little research is currently focused on understanding the functions of inflammatory proteins in healthy, non-obese white adipose tissue (WAT) and their possible role in modulating stress-induced shifts in body fat distribution. Hypothesis The current review presents evidence in support the novel hypothesis that stress-evoked interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) signaling within subcutaneous adipose tissue, when repeatedly induced, contributes toward the development of visceral obesity. It is suggested that because acute stressor exposure differentially increases IL-1β levels within subcutaneous adipose relative to visceral adipose tissue in otherwise healthy, non-obese rats, repeated induction of this response may impair the ability of subcutaneous adipose tissue to uptake energy substrates, synthesize and retain triglycerides, and/or adapt to positive energy balance via hyperplasia. Consequently, circulating energy substrates may be disproportionately shunted to visceral adipose tissue for storage, thus driving the development of visceral obesity. Conclusions This review establishes the following key points: 1) body fat distribution outweighs the importance of total body fat when predicting obesity-related disease risk; 2) repeated exposure to stress can drive the development of visceral obesity independent of changes in body weight; 3) because of the heterogeneity of WAT composition and function, an accurate understanding of WAT responses requires sampling multiple WAT depots; 4) acute, non-pathogenic stressor exposure increases WAT IL-1β concentrations in a depot specific manner suggesting an adaptive, metabolic role for this cytokine; however, when repeated, stress-induced IL-1β in non-visceral WAT may result in functional impairments that drive the development of stress-induced visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Speaker
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309, USA
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Carvalho Miranda PA, Simões E Silva AC, de Oliveira Longo JR, Magalhães Madureira M, Bastos Fóscolo R, Campos Machado LJ, Vilas Boas WW, Dos Santos RA, Celso Coimbra C, Ribeiro-Oliveira A. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition changes the metabolic response to neuroglucopenic stress. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:153-60. [PMID: 21278183 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310390726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroglucopenia induced by 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) activates hypothalamic glucoreceptors leading to increased hepatic glucose production and insulin inhibition. This response is similar to what is observed with intravenous injection of angiotensin II (Ang II). However, the involvement of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor on neuroglucopenia has not been investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of chronic enalapril treatment on plasma glucose, insulin and lipid levels in response to neuroglucopenia. Male Holtzman rats (120-170 g) were chronically treated with enalapril (10 mg/kg per day) in the drinking water for two weeks. On the day of experiment the animals received an i.v. enalapril final dose one hour before the neuroglucopenic stress by 2DG infusion (500 mg/kg), and blood samples were drawn before and 5, 10, 20, 30 and 60 minutes following infusion. The hyperglycaemic response to 2DG was not significantly changed by enalapril treatment. The enalapril-treated group exhibited a peak of plasma insulin higher than controls. Plasma triglyceride showed a significant increase only in the enalapril group after neuroglucopenic stress (p < 0.05).These data show that chronic enalapril treatment changes insulin and triglyceride responses to neuroglucopenia, suggesting an effect on glucose-induced insulin secretion and the storage of triglycerides.
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He RR, Yao N, Wang M, Yang XS, Yau CC, Abe K, Yao XS, Kurihara H. Effects of histamine on lipid metabolic disorder in mice loaded with restraint stress. J Pharmacol Sci 2010; 111:117-23. [PMID: 19834283 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.09090fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of histamine on the lipid metabolic disorder in mice loaded with restraint stress. When Kun Ming (KM) mice were exposed to restraint stress for 20 h, the histamine level in both plasma and cerebral regions significantly increased (P<0.01). Moreover, when a lipid emulsion (10% Intralipid) was injected intravenously into the mice, the elimination period of plasma triglyceride was prolonged in the restraint group. Plasma triglyceride was 523 +/- 44 mg/dl at 35 min after the Intralipid administration in the restraint stress group, while it was 436 +/- 41 mg/dl in the restrained mice given histamine at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The improved plasma triglyceride metabolism was well explained by the observations of the significantly up-regulated hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) activity and mRNA expression in response to histamine. These results suggested that the effects of stress-induced histamine on lipid metabolic disorder in mice loaded with restraint stress arose from its anti-stress action and promotion of lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Rong He
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a multifunctional enzyme produced by many tissues, including adipose tissue, cardiac and skeletal muscle, islets, and macrophages. LPL is the rate-limiting enzyme for the hydrolysis of the triglyceride (TG) core of circulating TG-rich lipoproteins, chylomicrons, and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL). LPL-catalyzed reaction products, fatty acids, and monoacylglycerol are in part taken up by the tissues locally and processed differentially; e.g., they are stored as neutral lipids in adipose tissue, oxidized, or stored in skeletal and cardiac muscle or as cholesteryl ester and TG in macrophages. LPL is regulated at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational levels in a tissue-specific manner. Nutrient states and hormonal levels all have divergent effects on the regulation of LPL, and a variety of proteins that interact with LPL to regulate its tissue-specific activity have also been identified. To examine this divergent regulation further, transgenic and knockout murine models of tissue-specific LPL expression have been developed. Mice with overexpression of LPL in skeletal muscle accumulate TG in muscle, develop insulin resistance, are protected from excessive weight gain, and increase their metabolic rate in the cold. Mice with LPL deletion in skeletal muscle have reduced TG accumulation and increased insulin action on glucose transport in muscle. Ultimately, this leads to increased lipid partitioning to other tissues, insulin resistance, and obesity. Mice with LPL deletion in the heart develop hypertriglyceridemia and cardiac dysfunction. The fact that the heart depends increasingly on glucose implies that free fatty acids are not a sufficient fuel for optimal cardiac function. Overall, LPL is a fascinating enzyme that contributes in a pronounced way to normal lipoprotein metabolism, tissue-specific substrate delivery and utilization, and the many aspects of obesity and other metabolic disorders that relate to energy balance, insulin action, and body weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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20
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Casanovas A, Carrascal M, Abián J, López-Tejero MD, Llobera M. Discovery of lipoprotein lipase pI isoforms and contributions to their characterization. J Proteomics 2009; 72:1031-9. [PMID: 19527804 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2009] [Revised: 06/02/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a pivotal role in lipid metabolism and is implicated in several pathophysiological conditions. A large number of LPL studies have been performed in rat, although the amount of information derived from direct study of the protein in this species is limited. Here we attempted to examine possible modifications of LPL using proteomic tools. By combining high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Western blot with biological mass spectrometry we demonstrate the coexistence of multiple LPL pI isoforms in rat heart. We studied the origin of this pI heterogeneity by: (1) comparison with the 2D pattern of LPL from post-heparin rat plasma (as a source of mature LPL); (2) protein dephosphorylation; (3) protein deglycosylation; and (4) partial sequencing of LPL isoforms. The results reveal that LPL pI heterogeneity does not correspond to different stages of intracellular maturation or protein phosphorylation. It can be partially explained by glycosylation, although other post-translational modifications must also be involved. We also report the first partial sequence to be obtained from direct study of rat LPL protein. These findings should be the basis for further research aimed at identifying the molecular differences between LPL isoforms and exploring their potential functional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Casanovas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Goldberg IJ, Eckel RH, Abumrad NA. Regulation of fatty acid uptake into tissues: lipoprotein lipase- and CD36-mediated pathways. J Lipid Res 2008; 50 Suppl:S86-90. [PMID: 19033209 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r800085-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells obtain FAs either from LPL-catalyzed hydrolysis of lipoprotein triglyceride or from unesterified FFAs associated with albumin. LPL also influences uptake of esterified lipids such as cholesteryl and retinyl esters that are not hydrolyzed in the plasma. This process might not involve LPL enzymatic activity. LPL is regulated by feeding/fasting, insulin, and exercise. Although a number of molecules may affect cellular uptake of FFAs, the best characterized is CD36. Genetic deletion of this multiligand receptor reduces FFA uptake into skeletal muscle, heart, and adipose tissue, and impairs intestinal chylomicron production and clearance of lipoproteins from the blood. CD36 is regulated by some of the same factors that regulate LPL, including insulin, muscle contraction, and fasting, in part, via ubiquitination. LPL and CD36 actions in various tissues coordinate biodistribution of fat-derived calories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ira J Goldberg
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Casanovas A, Carrascal M, Abián J, López-Tejero MD, Llobera M. Application of Proteomic Tools To Detect the Nonspecificity of a Polyclonal Antibody against Lipoprotein Lipase. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:4173-7. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800131n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Casanovas
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Montserrat Carrascal
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquín Abián
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - M. Dolores López-Tejero
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Miquel Llobera
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain, and CSIC/UAB Proteomics Laboratory, IIBB-CSIC-IDIBAPS, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Lee J, Goldberg IJ. Lipoprotein lipase-derived fatty acids: Physiology and dysfunction. Curr Hypertens Rep 2008; 9:462-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-007-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodríguez-Sureda V, López-Tejero MD, Llobera M, Peinado-Onsurbe J. Social stress profoundly affects lipid metabolism: Over-expression of SR-BI in liver and changes in lipids and lipases in plasma and tissues of stressed mice. Atherosclerosis 2007; 195:57-65. [PMID: 17222414 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2006.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 11/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We examined the effect of chronic social stress, similar to that endured by humans, on lipid metabolism of mice. The activity of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzyme increased in adrenals, while in plasma it diminished significantly. Hepatic lipase (HL) was strongly affected in liver and adrenal glands, increasing four-fold and three-fold, respectively. At the same time, scavenger receptor class-B type-I (SR-BI), which are considered the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor in the liver, increased significantly. Although the adrenals do not synthesise HL, the increase in HL may facilitate the uptake of HDL cholesterol for the synthesis of corticoids, which increase significantly following chronic stress. The volume of adrenal glands in control animals was significantly higher than in stressed animals (1.23+/-0.12 mm3 versus 0.29+/-0.06 mm3, p<0.001), corresponding with the weight difference of these organs. Medulla volume was also different in the two groups (0.27+/-0.10 mm3 versus 0.04+/-0.02 mm3, p<0.05). Despite this, corticosterone in plasma was significantly higher in stressed animals. Our results shows, for the first time, the effect of chronic social stress on lipid metabolism in general, and in particular on the SR-BI receptor and HL, which is directly involved in cholesterol reverse transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rodríguez-Sureda
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 645, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Cyr NE, Earle K, Tam C, Romero LM. The effect of chronic psychological stress on corticosterone, plasma metabolites, and immune responsiveness in European starlings. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2007; 154:59-66. [PMID: 17681504 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although increases in glucocorticoid concentrations during acute stress are believed to help animals survive stressful events, chronic changes in glucocorticoid concentrations can alter metabolism and lead to disease. We studied the effect of chronic psychological stress on corticosterone (CORT), corticosterone binding globulin (CBG), glucose, and triglyceride concentrations as well as immune responsiveness to a T-cell mitogen challenge in European starlings, Sturnus vulgaris. To induce chronic stress we used a chronic stress protocol consisting of five stressors (loud radio, cage tapping, cage rolling, human voice, and bag restraint) administered in random order for 30 min for 4 times/day over 18 days. Total CORT decreased throughout the chronic stress period, which parallels a previous study with starlings. CBG capacity did not significantly change with chronic stress, thus free CORT followed the same pattern of attenuation as total CORT during chronic stress. Despite the change in regulation of CORT release, daytime glucose and triglyceride concentrations did not change with chronic stress. In addition, immune responsiveness in chronically stressed and unstressed birds was similar. Our results, together with a previous study using a similar CSP in European starlings, suggest that starlings physiologically dampen the HPA axis during chronic psychological stress to avoid pathology associated with chronically augmented CORT concentrations such as hyperglycemia and impaired immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Cyr
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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