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Kim HK, Sagayama H, Yoshida T, Oishi K, Nakayama Y, Kimura M, Ono R, Yamada Y. Predictors of Water Turnover in Older Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water- and Triaxial Accelerometer-Based Study. J Nutr 2024; 154:1750-1757. [PMID: 38649093 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water is one of the most essential nutrients for life. The water turnover (WT), total body water (TBW), and total energy expenditure (TEE) can be measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. WT and TBW are lower in older adults than in young adults, and the former are susceptible to dehydration, necessitating to identify predictors of the WT in older adults. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to examine the association between WT and physical activity, physical function, and body composition in Japanese adults aged ≥65 y and identify predictors for WT in this population. METHODS This study enrolled 133 older adults (women, n = 61; men, n = 72) aged 65-88 y. WT, TBW, TEE, fat-free mass (FFM), and percent body fat (%Fat) were determined using the DLW method. The fitness age score (FAS) was obtained from 5 physical fitness tests. Physical activity and the step count were assessed using a previously validated triaxial accelerometer. Multiple regression analyses were performed with WT as the dependent variable. RESULTS WT was positively associated with weight, physical activity level (PAL), moderate-vigorous physical activity, and TEE, and negatively associated with sedentary behavior. We examined potential predictors for WT using age, sex, height, weight, FFM, %Fat, TEE, PAL, and FAS in older Japanese adults. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed that age, sex, weight, FFM, TEE, and PAL are the potential predictors of WT in older Japanese adults aged ≥65 y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Ki Kim
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kan Oishi
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan; Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Nakayama
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rei Ono
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
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Shimamura Y, Takemura R, Iwanami K, Yamamoto D, Sagayama H, Iwayama K. Comparison of energy requirement estimation using activity record or accelerometer with doubly labeled water method in collegiate male sprinters. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:295-301. [PMID: 38777447 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Track and field sprinters must obtain an optimal body composition to improve sprint performance. To successfully change body composition, it is important to evaluate the estimated energy requirements (EER) and fluctuations in total energy expenditure (TEE). However, methods to accurately evaluate the EER and TEE in sprinters have not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to compare currently used methods with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, which is currently the gold standard for evaluating EER and TEE. METHODS Ten male collegiate sprinters participated in the study. We evaluated TEEDLW and compared it with the EER calculated using two equations used by the National Institute of Health and Nutrition (NIHN) and the Japan Institute of Sports Sciences (JISS). In addition, we evaluated the TEE from the activity record (AR) and triaxial accelerometer (ACC). RESULTS TEEDLW (3172 ± 415 kcal/day) was not significantly different from EERNIHN (p = 0.076) or EERJISS (p = 0.967). In addition, there were no significant differences between TEEDLW and TEEAR (p = 0.218). However, two accelerometer-derived equations used to evaluate TEE were found to have underestimated (2783 ± 377 kcal/day, p < 0.001) and overestimated (3405 ± 369 kcal/day, p = 0.009) the TEE. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that EERNIHN and EERJISS may be useful in evaluating the EER of collegiate male sprinters on a group basis, and AR may be more accurate than ACC in evaluating the TEE. These results may be helpful when considering nutritional support for male collegiate sprinters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shimamura
- Doctoral Program in Sports Medicine, Degree Programs in Comprehensive Human Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ryusei Takemura
- Graduate School of Physical Education Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Kensuke Iwanami
- Graduate School of Physical Education Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamamoto
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kaito Iwayama
- Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University, Nara, Japan.
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Ogawa M, Uchizawa A, Tamai S, Momma R, Hoshi D, Kondo E, Sagayama H, Watanabe K. Evaluation of Energy Balance Estimated From Total Energy Expenditure and Body Composition Changes in Junior Sumo Wrestlers: An Observational Study Over Six Months. Cureus 2024; 16:e61158. [PMID: 38933620 PMCID: PMC11200937 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sumo is a sport that requires wrestlers to develop their physique from childhood for athletic advantage. However, the energy expenditure and energy balance required for the growth of junior Sumo wrestlers remain unclear. This study aimed to determine the energy balance of junior Sumo wrestlers over six months using doubly labeled water (DLW) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Methodology A total of 12 male Sumo wrestlers were affiliated with a local Sumo club (average age = 15 ± 1 years). The total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured using DLW, whereas body composition was evaluated using BIA. Daily physical activity was quantified using a tri-accelerometer (Active style Pro HJA-750C). Results The TEE was 4,194 ± 734 kcal/day, while daily physical activity without training was 786 ± 50 minutes. Within six months, the body weight increased by 2.0 ± 3.2 kg, fat-free mass (FFM) was augmented by 2.1 kg, while fat mass did not change significantly. The surplus energy accumulated was 5.6 ± 213 kcal/day. Conclusions The excess energy of junior Sumo wrestlers predominantly increases their FFM. To increase their physical prowess, wrestlers adhere to a lifestyle characterized by high-intensity training and attenuated daily physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miori Ogawa
- Institutes of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
- Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Nasu Hospital, Otawara, JPN
| | - Akiko Uchizawa
- Institutes of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
- Research, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Shinsuke Tamai
- Department of Sports Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Reiko Momma
- Department of Sports Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Daisuke Hoshi
- Human Informatics and Interaction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, JPN
| | - Emi Kondo
- Department of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka, JPN
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Institutes of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Institutes of Health and Sports Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, JPN
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Are methods of estimating fat-free mass loss with energy-restricted diets accurate? Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 77:525-531. [PMID: 36076068 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Fat-free mass (FFM) often serves as a body composition outcome variable in weight loss studies. An important assumption is that the proportions of components that make up FFM remain stable following weight loss; some body composition models rely on these "constants". This exploratory study examined key FFM component proportions before and following weight loss in two studies of participants with overweight and obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS 201 men and women consumed calorie-restricted moderate- or very-low carbohydrate diets leading to 10-18% weight loss in 9-15 weeks. Measured total body fat, lean mass, bone mineral, total body water (TBW), and body weight at baseline and follow-up were used to derive FFM and its chemical proportions using a four-component model. RESULTS A consistent finding in both studies was a non-significant reduction in bone mineral and a corresponding increase (p < 0.001) in bone mineral/FFM; FFM density increased significantly in one group of women and in all four participant groups combined (both, p < 0.05). FFM hydration (TBW/FFM) increased in all groups of men and women, one significantly (p < 0.01), and in the combined sample (borderline, p < 0.10). The proportion of FFM as protein decreased across all groups, two significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) and in the combined sample (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION FFM relative proportions of chemical components may not be identical before and after short-term weight loss, an observation impacting some widely used body composition models and methods. Caution is thus needed when applying FFM as a safety signal or to index metabolic evaluations in clinical trials when these body composition approaches are used.
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VAN Hooren B, Most J, Collombon E, Nieminen H, Plasqui G. A New Approach to Improve the Validity of Doubly Labeled Water to Assess CO2 Production during High-Energy Turnover. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:965-973. [PMID: 35576133 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Accurate measurement of energy expenditure (EE) using doubly labeled water depends on the estimate of total body water (TBW). The aims of this study were to 1) assess the accuracy of a new approach for estimating TBW and EE during high-energy turnover and 2) assess the accuracy of day-to-day assessment of EE with this new approach. METHODS EE was measured in six healthy subjects (three male) for 5 consecutive days using three doubly labeled water methods: 1) the plateau, 2) slope-intercept, and 3) overnight-slope method, with whole-room indirect calorimetry as reference method. Urine samples were collected every evening and morning. High EE (physical activity level of >2.5) was achieved by cycling 4 h·d-1. RESULTS Physical activity level was 2.8 ± 0.1. TBW values were 41.9 ± 6.1, 38.4 ± 5.7, and 40.4 ± 5.8 L for the plateau, slope-intercept, and overnight-slope methods, respectively. The overnight-slope method showed the highest accuracy in estimated CO2 production, when compared with indirect calorimetry over the complete 5-d period (mean ± SD difference, 0.9% ± 1.6%). The plateau method significantly overestimated CO2 production by 4.7% ± 2.6%, whereas the slope-intercept method underestimated CO2 production (-3.4% ± 2.3%). When CO2 production was assessed per day, the overnight-slope method showed an average difference of 9.4% ± 4.5% to indirect calorimetry. CONCLUSIONS The overnight-slope method resulted in a more accurate estimation of CO2 production and EE compared with the plateau or slope-intercept method over a 5-d period in high physical activity conditions. Day-to-day determination of EE using the overnight-slope method was more accurate than diet recall and several standard prediction equations in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas VAN Hooren
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the NETHERLANDS
| | | | - Eline Collombon
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the NETHERLANDS
| | - Henrietta Nieminen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the NETHERLANDS
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the NETHERLANDS
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Relationship between Measured Aerobic Capacity and Total Energy Expenditure Obtained by the Doubly Labeled Water Method in Community-Dwelling, Healthy Adults Aged 81–94 Years. Geriatrics (Basel) 2022; 7:geriatrics7020048. [PMID: 35447851 PMCID: PMC9029020 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics7020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The doubly labeled water method is a gold-standard method for the measurement of total energy expenditure in daily life. We aimed to identify the relationship between measured aerobic capacity and total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, or physical activity level using the doubly labeled water method in adults of advanced old age. A total of 12 physically independent older adults (10 men and 2 women), aged 81–94 years, participated in this study. The aerobic capacity was evaluated according to the lactate threshold. Total energy expenditure under free-living conditions was assessed using the doubly labeled water method, and self-reported physical activity was obtained using the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The lactate threshold was significantly positively correlated with total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, and physical activity level after adjusting for age and sex. We found that the aerobic capacity of the lactate threshold was positively and independently correlated with total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, or physical activity level. The present results suggest that maintaining aerobic capacity is an important factor in preventing frailty, although further research is required.
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UCHIZAWA A, FUNAYAMA A, OSUMI H, ENOMOTO Y, ZHANG S, TOKUYAMA K, OMI N, SAGAYAMA H. Food Quotient Assessments Using One-Week Dietary Records and Food Frequency Questionnaires of Young Japanese Runners. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2022; 68:47-54. [DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.68.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko UCHIZAWA
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Airi FUNAYAMA
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | - Haruka OSUMI
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Simeng ZHANG
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Kumpei TOKUYAMA
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba
| | - Naomi OMI
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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Association between Water and Energy Requirements with Physical Activity and Fat-Free Mass in Preschool Children in Japan. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114169. [PMID: 34836425 PMCID: PMC8620068 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was to examine the association of WT and TEE with physical activity and body composition in Japanese preschool children. We included 41 preschool children (22 girls, 19 boys) aged 3–6 in this study. WT, TEE, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained using DLW. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized as light (LPA; 1.5–2.9 Metabolic equivalents, METs) and of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3.0 METs). Exercise duration (Ex) was defined as ≥4.0 METs of physical activity. WT and TEE moderately positively correlated with Ex, but not with LPA. WT moderately positively correlated with BW and FFM while TEE strongly. We established predictive equations for WT and TEE using body weight (BW), FFM, step count, and Ex to guide the AI of water and EER in Japanese preschool children. We found that FFM and step count are the determinants of TEE, and that BW and Ex are the determinants of WT in preschool children.
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Sagayama H, Racine NM, Shriver TC, Schoeller DA. Comparison of isotope ratio mass spectrometry and cavity ring-down spectroscopy procedures and precision of the doubly labeled water method in different physiological specimens. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9188. [PMID: 34468057 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE This study determines if saliva collection procedures for the doubly labeled water (DLW) method, used for measuring total energy expenditure (TEE), are comparable to urine and plasma collection. Both the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analyses techniques are compared. METHODS Saliva specimens were collected from participants for the DLW method. The specimens were collected under different conditions: after consumption of tap water, after chewing gum, and during exposure to conditions of high and low relative humidity. The isotopes in saliva were compared with simultaneous plasma and urine collection. TEE calculated from saliva and analyzed using CRDS was compared to that of plasma analyzed using IRMS. RESULTS The within-individual variances were not significantly different between the saliva specimens (0.4‰) and plasma (0.3‰). After the oral dose of DLW, the saliva specimens displayed a shorter equilibration time to urine. When participants consumed 500 mL of tap water, the enrichment of saliva specimens reached a new plateau value faster than urine. Saliva collection exposed to high ambient humidity conditions was slightly less enriched as compared to low-humidity conditions while urine enrichment was unaffected. In contrast, whereas the within-individual effects of gum chewing during saliva collection on 18 O were unaffected, the abundance of 2 H in saliva was slightly lower after chewing the gum. The within-individual difference between TEE calculated from saliva and that calculated from plasma analyzed using IRMS did not differ from zero, and the standard deviation was not different from that predicted by a propagation of error analysis based on analytical error alone. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support using saliva specimens for the DLW method. The analysis of plasma and urine, however, requires reducing the memory effect resulting from contaminants. Also, it should be performed in a manner that minimizes exposure to air where specimens may be exposed to evaporation or contamination from water vapor during sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Natalie M Racine
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Timothy C Shriver
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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Watanabe D, Yoshida T, Yoshimura E, Nanri H, Goto C, Ishikawa-Takata K, Ebine N, Fujita H, Kimura M, Yamada Y. Doubly labelled water-calibration approach attenuates the underestimation of energy intake calculated from self-reported dietary assessment data in Japanese older adults. Public Health Nutr 2021; 25:1-11. [PMID: 34472428 PMCID: PMC9991602 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021003785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-reported energy intake (EI) estimation may incur systematic errors that could be attenuated through biomarker calibration. We aimed to confirm whether calibrated EI was comparable to total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using the doubly labelled water (DLW) technique. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING General older population from the Kyoto-Kameoka Study, Japan. PARTICIPANTS This study included sub- and main cohorts of 72 and 8058 participants aged≥ 65 years, respectively. EI was evaluated using a validated FFQ, and calibrated EI was obtained using a previously developed equation based on the DLW method. TEE was considered representative of true EI and also measured using the DLW method. We used a Wilcoxon signed-rank test and correlation analysis to compare the uncalibrated and calibrated EI with TEE. RESULTS In the sub-cohort, the median TEE, uncalibrated EI and calibrated EI were 8559 kJ, 7088 kJ and 9269 kJ, respectively. The uncalibrated EI was significantly lower than the TEE (median difference = -1847 kJ; interquartile range (IQR): -2785 to -1096), although the calibrated EI was not (median difference = 463 kJ; IQR: -330 to 1541). The uncalibrated (r = 0·275) and calibrated EI (r = 0·517) significantly correlated with TEE. The reproducibility was higher for calibrated EI (interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0·982) than for uncalibrated EI (ICC = 0·637). Similar findings were observed when stratifying the sample by sex. For medians, uncalibrated EI was lower (about 17 %) than calibrated EI in the main cohort. CONCLUSIONS Biomarker calibration may improve the accuracy of self-reported dietary intake estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto621-8555, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto621-8555, Japan
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
- Faculty of Applied Biosciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ebine
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fujita
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto621-8555, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto621-8555, Japan
- Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Nursing, Doshisha Women’s College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo162-8636, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, 1-1 Nanjo Otani, Sogabe-cho, Kameoka-city, Kyoto621-8555, Japan
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Speakman JR, Yamada Y, Sagayama H, Berman ESF, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SGJA, Close GL, Cooper JA, Creasy SA, Das SK, Cooper R, Dugas LR, Ebbeling CB, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kimura M, Kraus WE, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Ludwig DS, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski J, Yoshida T, Zhang X, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Melanson EL, Luke AH, Pontzer H, Rood J, Schoeller DA, Westerterp KR, Wong WW. A standard calculation methodology for human doubly labeled water studies. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100203. [PMID: 33665639 PMCID: PMC7897799 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures total energy expenditure (TEE) in free-living subjects. Several equations are used to convert isotopic data into TEE. Using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) DLW database (5,756 measurements of adults and children), we show considerable variability is introduced by different equations. The estimated rCO2 is sensitive to the dilution space ratio (DSR) of the two isotopes. Based on performance in validation studies, we propose a new equation based on a new estimate of the mean DSR. The DSR is lower at low body masses (<10 kg). Using data for 1,021 babies and infants, we show that the DSR varies non-linearly with body mass between 0 and 10 kg. Using this relationship to predict DSR from weight provides an equation for rCO2 over this size range that agrees well with indirect calorimetry (average difference 0.64%; SD = 12.2%). We propose adoption of these equations in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Speakman
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Philip N Ainslie
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,Crewe Alexandra Football Club, Crewe, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Issaad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, UMR7178, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Carlijn V C Bouten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Bovet
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Seth A Creasy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschulz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | | | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany.,University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN- Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Port Louis, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Estelle V Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, 4630 Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.,The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.,University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
| | | | | | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital's-Hertogenbosch, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack Yanovski
- Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edward L Melanson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschulz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Eastern Colorado VA Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Geriatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy H Luke
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University School of Medicine, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotech Center and Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Klaas R Westerterp
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Validation of saliva and urine use and sampling time on the doubly labelled water method to measure energy expenditure, body composition and water turnover in male and female cats. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:457-469. [PMID: 32172691 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520000963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Less invasive protocols are necessary to study energy expenditure (EE) of cats living in homes for expressing their normal living conditions. The present study compared sampling times and the use of saliva, urine and blood to measure 2H and 18O to apply the doubly labelled water method. In the first study, four cats were used to evaluate the enrichment (2, 4, 6, 7 and 8 h) and elimination (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 d) of 2H and 18O (subcutaneously injected). The maximum enrichment was after 5 h (R2 0·82) of injection, with an Ln linear elimination of both isotopes (P < 0·001; R2 0·99). The results of EE were similar, regardless of the sampling time used (P = 0·999). In the second study, seven male cats and seven female cats were used. Before and after isotope injection (5 h, 7 d, 10 d and 14 d), blood, saliva and urine were collected. Isotope enrichment was lower in urine (P < 0·05) and at the similar level in blood and saliva. Isotope elimination was similar for all fluids (P < 0·473). The EE calculated with blood and saliva was similar but higher for urine (P = 0·015). According to Bland-Altman statistics, blood and saliva presented low bias and high correlation (P < 0·001), but this was not observed for urine (P = 0·096). Higher EE was observed for male cats (384 (se 39) kJ/kg0·67 per d) than for female cats (337 (se 34) kJ/kg0·67 per d; P < 0·05). The sampling time for the method is flexible, and saliva can be used as a substitute for blood.
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13
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Total Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, Physical Activity, and Step Count in Japanese Preschool Children: A Study Based on Doubly Labeled Water. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051223. [PMID: 32357525 PMCID: PMC7281979 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adequate energy intake is essential for the healthy development of children, and the estimated energy requirement of children is determined by total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) and energy deposition for growth. A previous study in Japanese tweens indicated that TDEE could be estimated by fat-free mass (FFM) and step count. The aims of this study were to measure TDEE in Japanese preschool children and to confirm whether TDEE can be estimated by FFM and step count in preschool children. Twenty-one children aged 4-6 years old (11 girls and 10 boys; age, 5.1 (0.9) years; height, 107.2 (6.6) cm; weight, 17.5 (1.7) kg; BMI, 15.3 (1.3); mean (SD)) participated in this study. FFM and 7-day TDEE were obtained by doubly labeled water (DLW). Participants wore accelerometers during the DLW measurement period. No significant differences were observed in age-adjusted height, weight, BMI, FFM (13.0 (1.5) kg), or TDEE (1300 (174) kcal/day) between girls and boys. Girls had significantly higher percent fat and a lower daily step count than boys. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that FFM and step count were significant predictors of TDEE; TDEE (kcal/day) = 85.0 × FFM (kg) + 0.0135 × step count (steps/day). This accounted for 74% of TDEE variance. The current study confirmed that FFM and step count are major determinants of TDEE in Japanese preschool children as well as adolescents, although further research is needed to obtain precise equations.
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14
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Sagayama H, Yamada Y, Ichikawa M, Kondo E, Yasukata J, Tanabe Y, Higaki Y, Takahashi H. Evaluation of fat-free mass hydration in athletes and non-athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1179-1188. [PMID: 32239309 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the hydration of fat-free mass (FFM) in athletes and non-athletes. METHODS We analyzed the data of 128 healthy young adults (athletes: 61 men, 36 women; non-athletes: 19 men, 12 women) using the two-component (2C), 3C and 4C models. Under-water weighing or air-displacement plethysmography and deuterium dilution methods were used for estimating body density and total body water, respectively. The bone mineral content (BMC) was determined using whole-body scans by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS There was no significant difference in FFM hydration between the athletes (men, 72.3 ± 1.3%; women, 71.8 ± 1.3%) and non-athletes (men, 72.1 ± 1.2%; women, 72.2% ± 1.0%) in the 3C model. The total mean FFM hydration (72.1% ± 1.3%) was similar to the corresponding value in the literature (~ 73%). The estimation error of the percentage fat by the 2C vs the 4C model was significantly and highly correlated with hydration (r = 0.96), BMC (r = - 0.70), and total body protein (r = - 0.86) in the 4C model FFM. CONCLUSION Although FFM hydration was similar in athletes and non-athletes, it would be underestimated or overestimated when the 2C model is used for evaluation, and the biological FFM hydration value deviates from the 73% value inter-individually. Despite that this inter-individual variation in FFM hydration is low in terms of between-individual standard deviation (1.3%), the BMC and total body protein differ greatly in athletes, and when it affects FFM hydration, it may also affect the percentage fat measurement in the 2C model. Thus, FFM hydration would not be affected by FFM, percent body fat, or the athletic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Ichikawa
- Institute of Sports Science and Medicine, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emi Kondo
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Yasukata
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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15
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Pal M, Bhattacharya S, Maity A, Chaudhuri S, Pradhan M. Exploring Triple-Isotopic Signatures of Water in Human Exhaled Breath, Gastric Fluid, and Drinking Water Using Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2020; 92:5717-5723. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mithun Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Sayoni Bhattacharya
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Abhijit Maity
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
| | - Sujit Chaudhuri
- Department of Gastroenterology, AMRI Hospital, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700098, India
| | - Manik Pradhan
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
- Technical Research Centre, S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Salt Lake, JD Block, Sector III, Kolkata 700106, India
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16
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Maximizing precision and accuracy of the doubly labeled water method via optimal sampling protocol, calculation choices, and incorporation of 17O measurements. Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 74:454-464. [PMID: 31427762 PMCID: PMC7028494 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0492-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard methodology for determination of free-living, total daily energy expenditure (TEE). However, there is no single accepted approach for either the sampling protocols (daily vs. two-point, in which samples are collected after dosing and at the end of the measurement period) or the calculations used in the determination of the rate of carbon dioxide production (rCO2) and TEE. Moreover, fluctuations in natural background abundances introduce error in the calculation of rCO2 and TEE. The advent of new technologies makes feasible the possibility of including additional isotope measures (17O) to account for background variation, which may improve accuracy. SUBJECTS/METHODS Sixteen subjects were studied for 7 consecutive days in a whole-room indirect calorimeter (IC) with concurrent measurement of TEE by DLW. Daily urine samples were obtained and isotope ratios were determined using off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). RESULTS We determined the best combination of approaches for estimating dilution spaces and elimination rates and calculated average daily volume of carbon dioxide production (VCO2) using six different published equations. Using this best combination, multi-point fitting of isotope elimination rates using the daily urine samples substantially improved the average precision (4.5% vs. 6.0%) and accuracy (-0.5% vs. -3.0%) compared with the two-point method. This improvement may partly reflect the less variable day-to-day chamber measurements of energy expenditure. Utilizing 17O measurements to correct for errors due to background isotope fluctuations provided additional but minor improvements in precision (4.2% vs. 4.5%) and accuracy (0.2% vs. 0.5%). CONCLUSIONS This work shows that optimizing sampling and calculation protocols can improve the accuracy and precision of DLW measurements.
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17
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Murakami H, Kawakami R, Nakae S, Yamada Y, Nakata Y, Ohkawara K, Sasai H, Ishikawa-Takata K, Tanaka S, Miyachi M. Accuracy of 12 Wearable Devices for Estimating Physical Activity Energy Expenditure Using a Metabolic Chamber and the Doubly Labeled Water Method: Validation Study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2019; 7:e13938. [PMID: 31376273 PMCID: PMC6696858 DOI: 10.2196/13938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Self-monitoring using certain types of pedometers and accelerometers has been reported to be effective for promoting and maintaining physical activity (PA). However, the validity of estimating the level of PA or PA energy expenditure (PAEE) for general consumers using wearable devices has not been sufficiently established. Objective We examined the validity of 12 wearable devices for determining PAEE during 1 standardized day in a metabolic chamber and 15 free-living days using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Methods A total of 19 healthy adults aged 21 to 50 years (9 men and 10 women) participated in this study. They followed a standardized PA protocol in a metabolic chamber for an entire day while simultaneously wearing 12 wearable devices: 5 devices on the waist, 5 on the wrist, and 2 placed in the pocket. In addition, they spent their daily lives wearing 12 wearable devices under free-living conditions while being subjected to the DLW method for 15 days. The PAEE criterion was calculated by subtracting the basal metabolic rate measured by the metabolic chamber and 0.1×total energy expenditure (TEE) from TEE. The TEE was obtained by the metabolic chamber and DLW methods. The PAEE values of wearable devices were also extracted or calculated from each mobile phone app or website. The Dunnett test and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to examine the variables estimated by wearable devices. Results On the standardized day, the PAEE estimated using the metabolic chamber (PAEEcha) was 528.8±149.4 kcal/day. The PAEEs of all devices except the TANITA AM-160 (513.8±135.0 kcal/day; P>.05), SUZUKEN Lifecorder EX (519.3±89.3 kcal/day; P>.05), and Panasonic Actimarker (545.9±141.7 kcal/day; P>.05) were significantly different from the PAEEcha. None of the devices was correlated with PAEEcha according to both Pearson (r=−.13 to .37) and Spearman (ρ=−.25 to .46) correlation tests. During the 15 free-living days, the PAEE estimated by DLW (PAEEdlw) was 728.0±162.7 kcal/day. PAEE values of all devices except the Omron Active style Pro (716.2±159.0 kcal/day; P>.05) and Omron CaloriScan (707.5±172.7 kcal/day; P>.05) were significantly underestimated. Only 2 devices, the Omron Active style Pro (r=.46; P=.045) and Panasonic Actimarker (r=.48; P=.04), had significant positive correlations with PAEEdlw according to Pearson tests. In addition, 3 devices, the TANITA AM-160 (ρ=.50; P=.03), Omron CaloriScan (ρ=.48; P=.04), and Omron Active style Pro (ρ=.48; P=.04), could be ranked in PAEEdlw. Conclusions Most wearable devices do not provide comparable PAEE estimates when using gold standard methods during 1 standardized day or 15 free-living days. Continuous development and evaluations of these wearable devices are needed for better estimations of PAEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Section of Healthy Longevity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazunori Ohkawara
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, University of Electro-Communication, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sasai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Watanabe D, Nanri H, Sagayama H, Yoshida T, Itoi A, Yamaguchi M, Yokoyama K, Watanabe Y, Goto C, Ebine N, Higaki Y, Ishikawa-Takata K, Kimura M, Yamada Y. Estimation of Energy Intake by a Food Frequency Questionnaire: Calibration and Validation with the Doubly Labeled Water Method in Japanese Older People. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11071546. [PMID: 31323937 PMCID: PMC6683088 DOI: 10.3390/nu11071546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate assessments of a target population’s energy intake (EI) are essential to prevent poor nutritional status. However, self-reported dietary records (DRs) or food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) are not always accurate, thereby requiring validation and calibration studies. This study aimed to validate the EI estimated by a FFQ using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Participants were 109 Japanese older adults (50 women and 59 men) aged 65–88 years. The EI was obtained by a DR and 47-item FFQ over 1 year. The total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by DLW for ~2 weeks. EI was significantly lower than TEE (p < 0.01); ratios of EI assessed by DR and FFQ against TEE were 0.91 ± 0.17 and 0.82 ± 0.22, respectively. TEE was significantly and moderately correlated with the EI estimated by the DR (r = 0.45, p < 0.01) and FFQ (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the EI correlation coefficients estimated by DR and the FFQ in this study were not significantly different (p = 0.46). The EI/TEE ratio was significantly and negatively correlated with the body mass index (BMI). In conclusion, EI estimated with a DR or FFQ modestly correlated with TEE, and calibrating EI with a developed equation in this study can attenuate the underestimation of EI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
- Department of Pharmacology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 216-8511, Japan
| | - Hinako Nanri
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
- Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Senior Citizen's Welfare Section, Kameoka City Government, Kyoto 621-8501, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Itoi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
- Department of Health, Sports and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Welfare, Kobe Women's University, Hyogo 650-0046, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
| | - Keiichi Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Yuya Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
- Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Chiho Goto
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Human Life, Nagoya Bunri University, Aichi 492-8520, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ebine
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan,.
- Laboratory of Applied Health Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan.
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19
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Total Energy Expenditure, Physical Activity Level, and Water Turnover of Collegiate Dinghy Sailors in a Training Camp. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2019; 29:350–353. [PMID: 30299186 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have examined offshore sailing and energy strategies using accurate total energy expenditure (TEE) measurement in free-living conditions. However, no research has studied energy and water requirement during dinghy class sailing such as an Olympic event with concentrated training. This study aimed to investigate the TEE, physical activity level (PAL), and water turnover (rH2O) of collegiate dinghy sailors in a training camp using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Eleven dinghy sailing collegiate athletes (9 males and 2 females) participated. The DLW method was used to determine the participants' TEE and PAL over 8 days (6 training, 2 non-training days). Participants trained approximately 7 h/day on water. Body fat was measured using a stable-isotope dilution method. The rH2O was estimated using deuterium turnover. The mean TEE, PAL, and rH2O were 17.30 ± 4.22 MJ/day (4133 ± 1009 kcal/day), 2.8 ± 0.3 (range, 2.1 to 4.1), and 3.3±0.7 (range, 2.6 to 4.5) L/day, respectively. To our knowledge, this was the first study to use the DLW method to determine TEE, PAL, and rH2O as references for competitive dinghy sailors in a spring training camp. Our results may serve as a reference to assist competitive dinghy sailors in determining their required nutritional support.
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Kondo E, Shiose K, Yamada Y, Osawa T, Sagayama H, Motonaga K, Ouchi S, Kamei A, Nakajima K, Takahashi H, Okamura K. Effect of Thoracic Gas Volume Changes on Body Composition Assessed by Air Displacement Plethysmography after Rapid Weight Loss and Regain in Elite Collegiate Wrestlers. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7020048. [PMID: 30791426 PMCID: PMC6410171 DOI: 10.3390/sports7020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of rapid weight loss (RWL) and weight regain (WR) on thoracic gas volume (VTG) and body composition assessment using air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in male wrestlers. Eight male elite collegiate wrestlers completed a RWL regimen (6% of body mass) over a 53-h period, which was followed by a 13-h WR period. ADP was used at three time points (baseline (T1), post-RWL (T2) and post-WR (T3)) according to the manufacturer’s testing recommendations. The total body water and bone mineral content were estimated using the stable isotope dilution method and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively, at the same time points. Body composition was assessed with two-component (2C) or four-component (4C) models using either the measured VTG (mVTG) or predicted VTG (pVTG). Measured VTG increased from T1 to T2 (0.36 ± 0.31 L, p < 0.05) and decreased from T2 to T3 (−0.29 ± 0.15 L, p < 0.01). However, the changes in fat mass and fat free mass, which were calculated by both 2C and 4C models, were not significantly different when compared between calculations using mVTG and those using pVTG. Our results indicate that VTG significantly changes during RWL and WR, but both measured and predicted VTG can be used to assess changes in body composition during RWL and WR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kondo
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Shiose
- Department Faculty of Sports and Health Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1 Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Section of Healthy Longevity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan.
| | - Takuya Osawa
- Department of Sports Wellness Sciences, Japan Women's College of Physical Education, Tokyo 157-0061, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kojimahi Business Center Building, 5-3-1, Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Keiko Motonaga
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Shiori Ouchi
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Akiko Kamei
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Kohei Nakajima
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Takahashi
- Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, 3-15-1, Nishigaoka, Kita-ku, Tokyo 115-0056, Japan.
| | - Koji Okamura
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences, Osaka 590-0496, Japan.
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Sasai H, Nakata Y, Murakami H, Kawakami R, Nakae S, Tanaka S, Ishikawa-Takata K, Yamada Y, Miyachi M. Simultaneous Validation of Seven Physical Activity Questionnaires Used in Japanese Cohorts for Estimating Energy Expenditure: A Doubly Labeled Water Study. J Epidemiol 2018; 28:437-442. [PMID: 29709888 PMCID: PMC6143378 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20170129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity questionnaires (PAQs) used in large-scale Japanese cohorts have rarely been simultaneously validated against the gold standard doubly labeled water (DLW) method. This study examined the validity of seven PAQs used in Japan for estimating energy expenditure against the DLW method. METHODS Twenty healthy Japanese adults (9 men; mean age, 32.4 [standard deviation {SD}, 9.4] years, mainly researchers and students) participated in this study. Fifteen-day daily total energy expenditure (TEE) and basal metabolic rate (BMR) were measured using the DLW method and a metabolic chamber, respectively. Activity energy expenditure (AEE) was calculated as TEE - BMR - 0.1 × TEE. Seven PAQs were self-administered to estimate TEE and AEE. RESULTS The mean measured values of TEE and AEE were 2,294 (SD, 318) kcal/day and 721 (SD, 161) kcal/day, respectively. All of the PAQs indicated moderate-to-strong correlations with the DLW method in TEE (rho = 0.57-0.84). Two PAQs (Japan Public Health Center Study [JPHC]-PAQ Short and JPHC-PAQ Long) showed significant equivalence in TEE and moderate intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). None of the PAQs showed significantly equivalent AEE estimates, with differences ranging from -547 to 77 kcal/day. Correlations and ICCs in AEE were mostly weak or fair (rho = 0.02-0.54, and ICC = 0.00-0.44). Only JPHC-PAQ Short provided significant and fair agreement with the DLW method. CONCLUSIONS TEE estimated by the PAQs showed moderate or strong correlations with the results of DLW. Two PAQs showed equivalent TEE and moderate agreement. None of the PAQs showed equivalent AEE estimation to the gold standard, with weak-to-fair correlations and agreements. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sasai
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoko Kawakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeho Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Validity of a triaxial accelerometer and simplified physical activity record in older adults aged 64-96 years: a doubly labeled water study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2018; 118:2133-2146. [PMID: 30019086 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-018-3944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to examine the validity of a triaxial accelerometer (ACCTRI) and a simplified physical activity record (sPAR) in estimating total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) in older adults with the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. METHODS A total of 44 Japanese elderly individuals (64-96 years), of which 28 were community-dwelling healthy adults with or without sporting habits (S or NS group) and 16 were care home residents with frailty (F group), were included in the study. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured by indirect calorimetry, TEE was obtained by the DLW method, and PAL was calculated as TEE/BMR. Daily step count was monitored by a pedometer (Lifecorder). The 24-h average metabolic equivalent was assessed by ACCTRI and sPAR. RESULTS The TEEDLW in men was 2704 ± 353, 2308 ± 442, and 1795 ± 338 kcal d-1, and that in women was 2260 ± 208, 1922 ± 285, and 1421 ± 274 kcal d-1 for the S, NS, and F groups, respectively. ACCTRI and sPAR systematically underestimated actual TEE (- 14.2 ± 11.6 and - 15.3 ± 12.3% for ACCTRI and sPAR, respectively). After diet-induced thermogenesis was taken into account for ACCTRI and sPAR, TEEDLW was significantly correlated with TEEACCTRI (R2 = 0.714) and TEEsPAR (R2 = 0.668). PALDLW was also significantly correlated with PALACCTRI (R2 = 0.438) and PALsPAR (R2 = 0.402). CONCLUSIONS Age, living conditions, frailty, and sporting habits contribute to TEE and PAL in the elderly population. ACCTRI and sPAR underestimated TEE and PAL, and adequate corrections are required. The corrected ACCTRI and sPAR are both useful tools to estimate TEE and PAL.
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23
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Most J, Vallo PM, Gilmore LA, St Amant M, Hsia DS, Altazan AD, Beyl RA, Ravussin E, Redman LM. Energy Expenditure in Pregnant Women with Obesity Does Not Support Energy Intake Recommendations. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:992-999. [PMID: 29797559 PMCID: PMC5978753 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify factors that may predispose women to excess gestational weight gain (GWG). METHODS Seventy-two healthy women with obesity (30 class I, 24 class II, 18 class III) expecting a singleton pregnancy were studied at 13 to 16 weeks gestation. Energy expenditure (EE) was measured during sleep (SleepEE, average EE from 0200-0500 hours) in a whole-room calorimeter, and total daily EE (TDEE) over 7 days using doubly labeled water. Glucose, insulin, thyroid hormones, and catecholamines were measured. RESULTS Body composition explained 70% variability in SleepEE, and SleepEE accounted for 67% to 73% of TDEE. Though there was no evidence of consistent low metabolism, there was considerable variability. Low SleepEE was associated with insulin resistance and low triiodothyronine concentrations (both P = 0.01). Physical activity level was 1.47 ± 0.02. For women with SleepEE within 100 kcal/d of their predicted EE, TDEE was significantly less than the estimate (2,530 ± 91 vs. 2,939 kcal/d; P < 0.001) provided from the most recent gestational energy requirement model. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women with obesity are inactive, possibly predisposing them to excess GWG. Current energy requirement models overestimate activity and may promote excess GWG in women with obesity. Furthermore, the observed large interindividual variability in basal metabolism may be important to consider when assessing the risk for excess GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Most
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Porsha M Vallo
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - L Anne Gilmore
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Marshall St Amant
- LSU Health Sciences Center, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Woman's Hospital, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Daniel S Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Abby D Altazan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Robbie A Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Leanne M Redman
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Energy Deficit Required for Rapid Weight Loss in Elite Collegiate Wrestlers. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10050536. [PMID: 29701639 PMCID: PMC5986416 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine energy density for rapid weight loss (RWL) of weight-classified sports, eight male elite wrestlers were instructed to lose 6% of body mass (BM) within 53 h. Energy deficit during the RWL was calculated by subtracting total energy expenditure (TEE) determined using the doubly labeled water method (DLW) from energy intake (EI) assessed with diet records. It was also estimated from body composition change estimated with the four-component model (4C) and other conventional methods. BM decreased significantly by 4.7 ± 0.5 kg (6.4 ± 0.5%). Total body water loss was the major component of the BM loss (71.0 ± 7.6%). TEE was 9446 ± 1422 kcal, and EI was 2366 ± 1184 kcal during the RWL of 53-h; therefore, the energy deficit was 7080 ± 1525 kcal. Thus, energy density was 1507 ± 279 kcal/kg ∆BM during the RWL, comparable with values obtained using the 4C, three-component model, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and stable isotope dilution. Energy density for RWL of wrestlers is lower than that commonly used (7400 or 7700 kcal/kg ΔBM). Although RWL is not recommended, we propose that commonly practiced extreme energy restriction such as 7400 or 7700 kcal/kg ΔBM during RWL appears to be meaningless.
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Sagayama H, Kondo E, Shiose K, Yamada Y, Motonaga K, Ouchi S, Kamei A, Osawa T, Nakajima K, Takahashi H, Higaki Y, Tanaka H. Energy Requirement Assessment and Water Turnover in Japanese College Wrestlers Using the Doubly Labeled Water Method. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018; 63:141-147. [PMID: 28552879 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.63.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Estimated energy requirements (EERs) are important for sports based on body weight classifications to aid in weight management. The basis for establishing EERs varies and includes self-reported energy intake (EI), predicted energy expenditure, and measured daily energy expenditure. Currently, however, no studies have been performed with male wrestlers using the highly accurate and precise doubly labeled water (DLW) method to estimate energy and fluid requirement. The primary aim of this study was to compare total energy expenditure (TEE), self-reported EI, and the difference in collegiate wrestlers during a normal training period using the DLW method. The secondary aims were to measure the water turnover and the physical activity level (PAL) of the athletes, and to examine the accuracy of two currently used equations to predict EER. Ten healthy males (age, 20.4±0.5 y) belonging to the East-Japan college league participated in this study. TEE was measured using the DLW method, and EI was assessed with self-reported dietary records for ~1 wk. There was a significant difference between TEE (17.9±2.5 MJ•d-1 [4,283±590 kcal•d-1]) and self-reported EI (14.4±3.3 MJ•d-1 [3,446±799 kcal•d-1]), a difference of 19%. The water turnover was 4.61±0.73 L•d-1. The measured PAL (2.6±0.3) was higher than two predicted values during the training season and thus the two EER prediction equations produced underestimated values relative to DLW. We found that previous EERs were underestimating requirements in collegiate wrestlers and that those estimates should be revised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Biotechnology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.,Japan Institute of Sports Sciences
| | - Emi Kondo
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition.,Osaka University of Health and Sport Sciences
| | | | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutritional Science, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University.,Fukuoka University Institute for Physical Activity
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Ruan Y, Bluck LC, Smith J, Mander A, Singh P, Venables M. Application of Bayesian analysis to the doubly labelled water method for total energy expenditure in humans. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:23-32. [PMID: 29027729 PMCID: PMC5765481 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The doubly labelled water (DLW) method is the reference method for the estimation of free-living total energy expenditure (TEE). In this method, where both 2 H and 18 O are employed, different approaches have been adopted to deal with the non-conformity observed regarding the distribution space for the labels being non-coincident with total body water. However, the method adopted can have a significant effect on the estimated TEE. METHODS We proposed a Bayesian reasoning approach to modify an assumed prior distribution for the space ratio using experimental data to derive the TEE. A Bayesian hierarchical approach was also investigated. The dataset was obtained from 59 adults (37 women) who underwent a DLW experiment during which the 2 H and 18 O enrichments were measured using isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). RESULTS TEE was estimated at 9925 (9106-11236) [median and interquartile range], 9646 (9167-10540), and 9,638 (9220-10340) kJ·day-1 for women and at 13961 (12851-15347), 13353 (12651-15088) and 13211 (12653-14238) kJ·day-1 for men, using normalized non-Bayesian, independent Bayesian and hierarchical Bayesian approaches, respectively. A comparison of hierarchical Bayesian with normalized non-Bayesian methods indicated a marked difference in behaviour between genders. The median difference was -287 kJ·day-1 for women, and -750 kJ·day-1 for men. In men there is an appreciable compression of the TEE distribution obtained from the hierarchical model compared with the normalized non-Bayesian methods (range of TEE 11234-15431 kJ·day-1 vs 10786-18221 kJ·day-1 ). An analogous, yet smaller, compression is seen in women (7081-12287 kJ·day-1 vs 6989-13775 kJ·day-1 ). CONCLUSIONS The Bayesian analysis is an appealing method to estimate TEE during DLW experiments. The principal advantages over those obtained using the classical least-squares method is the generation of potentially more useful estimates of TEE, and improved handling of outliers and missing data scenarios, particularly if a hierarchical model is used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ruan
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and Department of PaediatricsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0QQUK
| | - Les C.J. Bluck
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
| | - James Smith
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical SciencesUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Adrian Mander
- MRC Biostatistics UnitCambridge Institute of Public HealthForvie Site Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical CampusCambridgeCB2 0SRUK
| | - Priya Singh
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
| | - Michelle Venables
- MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory (formerly MRC Human Nutrition Research)Fulbourn RoadCambridgeCB1 9NLUK
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Roumelioti ME, Glew RH, Khitan ZJ, Rondon-Berrios H, Argyropoulos CP, Malhotra D, Raj DS, Agaba EI, Rohrscheib M, Murata GH, Shapiro JI, Tzamaloukas AH. Fluid balance concepts in medicine: Principles and practice. World J Nephrol 2018; 7:1-28. [PMID: 29359117 PMCID: PMC5760509 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v7.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water (TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment (mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment (mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume (EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Roumelioti
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Robert H Glew
- Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Zeid J Khitan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Joan Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, United States
| | - Helbert Rondon-Berrios
- Division of Renal and Electrolyte, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Christos P Argyropoulos
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toledo School of Medicine, Toledo, OH 43614-5809, United States
| | - Dominic S Raj
- Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, United States
| | - Emmanuel I Agaba
- Division of Nephology, Department of Medicine, Jos University Medical Center, Jos, Plateau State 930001, Nigeria
| | - Mark Rohrscheib
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States
| | - Glen H Murata
- Research Service, Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
| | | | - Antonios H Tzamaloukas
- Research Service, Raymond G Murphy VA Medical Center and University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87108, United States
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Komura K, Nakae S, Hirakawa K, Ebine N, Suzuki K, Ozawa H, Yamada Y, Kimura M, Ishii K. Total energy expenditure of 10- to 12-year-old Japanese children measured using the doubly labeled water method. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:70. [PMID: 29167695 PMCID: PMC5688666 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0226-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish Japanese children's estimated energy requirements, total energy expenditure (TEE) data measured using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method is needed. This study aimed to 1) obtain basic TEE data from Japanese children measured using DLW (TEEDLW), 2) compare TEEDLW with TEE estimated by various estimation formulas to calculate their accuracy, and 3) develop a new equation to estimate TEE using body composition and pedometers. Methods TEE was measured using DLW in 56 10- to 12-year-old Japanese children (33 boys, 23 girls). Physical activity level (PAL) was calculated by dividing TEEDLW by estimated resting energy expenditure. To assess their physical activity, participants wore pedometers during the 7-d DLW period. Total body water was calculated from 2H and 18O; fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were then determined. Results In boys and girls of normal weight, TEEDLW was 2067 ± 230 kcal/d and 1830 ± 262 kcal/d, respectively. Average PAL was 1.58 ± 0.17. FFM was strongly related to TEE (r = 0.702, p < 0.01). After adjusting for FFM and FM, step count was significantly associated with TEE (r = 0.707, p < 0.01). The TEE estimation formula used in the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) for the United States and Canada estimated TEEDLW with high accuracy (bias: 2.0%) in both sexes. We developed new equations for TEE consisting of FFM and step count, which accounted for 68% and 65% of TEE variance in boys and girls, respectively: boys, 47.1 × FFM (kg) + 0.0568 × step count (steps/d) - 122, and girls, 55.5 × FFM (kg) + 0.0315 × step count (steps/d) - 117. Conclusions The TEE in 10- to 12-year-old Japanese children measured using DLW was approximately 7% lower for boys and 12% lower for girls compared to the current Japanese DRI. If PAL can be accurately determined, the equation in the DRI for the United States and Canada may be applicable to Japanese children. In addition, TEE could be predicted using FFM and step count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Komura
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Early Childhood Education, Kyoto Bunkyo Junior College, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakae
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Hirakawa
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Ebine
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Suzuki
- Faculty of Education, Art and Science, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Haruo Ozawa
- School of Management, Shizuoka Sangyo University, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Kyoto Gakuen University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ishii
- Faculty of Health and Sports Science, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Wang X, Bowyer KP, Porter RR, Breneman CB, Custer SS. Energy expenditure responses to exercise training in older women. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:e13360. [PMID: 28774950 PMCID: PMC5555889 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown inconsistent findings regarding how structured exercise affects energy expenditure (EE). This study was designed to determine the changes in EE and physical activity following exercise training in older women. Nonobese (body mass index = 25.8 ± 3.4 kg·m-2) women (60-75 years, n = 72) completed a 4-month supervised aerobic exercise training of lower- or higher-dose (33.6 and 58.8 kJ·kg-1 body weight weekly, respectively) at 50-55% of heart rate reserve. Total daily EE (TDEE) by the doubly labeled water method, resting metabolic rate (RMR) via indirect calorimetry, and physical activity by accelerometer were determined before and at the end of exercise training. Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) was calculated. Following exercise training, the changes in components of TDEE and total physical activity did not differ by group. In the entire sample, TDEE, RMR, NEAT and total physical activity did not change (P > 0.05 for all). However, a significant baseline physical activity × time interaction was found for several of the variables. Data were therefore stratified into tertiles of baseline physical activity. In the high tertile, TDEE remained unchanged, but total physical activity decreased (P = 0.012). In contrast, in the middle and low tertiles, NEAT remained unchanged, and total physical activity increased (P < 0.05 for both). In conclusion, aerobic exercise training did not change TDEE, RMR, NEAT, or total physical activity in this sample of older women. Exercise dose did not, but baseline physical activity levels might, influence EE responses and total physical activity changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wang
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Kimberly P Bowyer
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Ryan R Porter
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Charity B Breneman
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Sabra S Custer
- College of Nursing, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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