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Ellis DA, Jones M, Willems HME, Cheung S, Makullah M, Aimanianda V, Steele C. Fungal chitin is not an independent mediator of allergic fungal asthma severity. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L293-L303. [PMID: 38915287 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00041.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polysaccharide found in the fungal cell wall and the exoskeletons of house dust mites and cockroaches, has garnered attention as a potential immunoreactive allergen. Mammals have evolved to express chitin-degrading chitinases (acidic mammalian chitinase/AMCase and chitotriosidase) that may modulate immune responses to chitin. We have previously reported that mice deficient in AMCase (Chia-/-) demonstrated better lung function during allergic fungal asthma. As expected, we show that mice overexpressing AMCase (SPAM mice) had worse airway hyperreactivity (AHR) during allergic fungal asthma. We further demonstrate that chitin-positive Aspergillus fumigatus conidia are detectable in the allergic lung during chronic exposure. Lung function in Chia-/- and SPAM mice is directly correlated with the level of chitinase activity during chronic fungal exposure (Chia-/- mice, negligible chitinase activity, lower AHR; SPAM mice, heightened chitinase activity, higher AHR), suggesting that the breakdown of chitin promoted AHR. However, chronic exposure of normal mice to purified A. fumigatus chitin resulted in only moderate inflammatory changes in the lung that were not sufficient to induce AHR. Moreover, despite having dramatic differences in chitinase activity, chronic exposure of Chia-/- and SPAM mice to purified A. fumigatus chitin likewise did not modulate AHR. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic exposure to fungal chitin alone is incapable of driving AHR. Furthermore, our data suggest that the chitinase-mediated degradation of chitin associated with A. fumigatus conidia may facilitate unmasking and/or liberation of other fungal cell wall components that drive inflammatory responses that contribute to AHR.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Humans with asthma sensitized to fungi often have more severe asthma than those who are not fungal-sensitized. Chitin makes up a significant portion of the cell wall of fungi and has been implicated as a pathogenic factor in allergic asthma. Ellis et al. demonstrate that chronic exposure to fungal chitin alone is unable to modulate lung function, even in the presence of differential lung chitinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra A Ellis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - MaryJane Jones
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Hubertine M E Willems
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Suki Cheung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Mgayya Makullah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Vishukumar Aimanianda
- Unité de Mycologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, CNRS, UMR2000, Paris, France
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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Madekurozwa M, Bonneuil WV, Frattolin J, Watson DJ, Moore AC, Stevens MM, Moore J, Mathiszig-Lee J, van Batenburg-Sherwood J. A Novel Ventilator Design for COVID-19 and Resource-Limited Settings. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:707826. [PMID: 35047946 PMCID: PMC8757831 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.707826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has existed a severe ventilator deficit in much of the world for many years, due in part to the high cost and complexity of traditional ICU ventilators. This was highlighted and exacerbated by the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, during which the increase in ventilator production rapidly overran the global supply chains for components. In response, we propose a new approach to ventilator design that meets the performance requirements for COVID-19 patients, while using components that minimise interference with the existing ventilator supply chains. The majority of current ventilator designs use proportional valves and flow sensors, which remain in short supply over a year into the pandemic. In the proposed design, the core components are on-off valves. Unlike proportional valves, on-off valves are widely available, but accurate control of ventilation using on-off valves is not straightforward. Our proposed solution combines four on-off valves, a two-litre reservoir, an oxygen sensor and two pressure sensors. Benchtop testing of a prototype was performed with a commercially available flow analyser and test lungs. We investigated the accuracy and precision of the prototype using both compressed gas supplies and a portable oxygen concentrator, and demonstrated the long-term durability over 15 days. The precision and accuracy of ventilation parameters were within the ranges specified in international guidelines in all tests. A numerical model of the system was developed and validated against experimental data. The model was used to determine usable ranges of valve flow coefficients to increase supply chain flexibility. This new design provides the performance necessary for the majority of patients that require ventilation. Applications include COVID-19 as well as pneumonia, influenza, and tuberculosis, which remain major causes of mortality in low and middle income countries. The robustness, energy efficiency, ease of maintenance, price and availability of on-off valves are all advantageous over proportional valves. As a result, the proposed ventilator design will cost significantly less to manufacture and maintain than current market designs and has the potential to increase global ventilator availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Madekurozwa
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Willy V Bonneuil
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer Frattolin
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Watson
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Axel C Moore
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Molly M Stevens
- Department of Materials, Department of Bioengineering and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Moore
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Mathiszig-Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Anaesthetics and Perioperative Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Kawagoe J, Maeda Y, Kikuchi R, Takahashi M, Fuchikami JI, Tsuji T, Kono Y, Abe S, Yamaguchi K, Koyama N, Nakamura H, Aoshiba K. Differential effects of dexamethasone and roflumilast on asthma in mice with or without short cigarette smoke exposure. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2021; 70:102052. [PMID: 34214693 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2021.102052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate drug treatment for smoking asthmatics is uncertain because most smokers with asthma are less sensitive to treatment with glucocorticoids compared with non-smokers with asthma. We hypothesized that roflumilast (Rof), a selective phosphodiesterases-4 inhibitor regarded as an add-on therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, might be more effective than glucocorticoids for improving asthma in smokers. To investigate this hypothesis, we compared the therapeutic effects of dexamethasone (Dex) and Rof in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma with or without concurrent cigarette smoke (CS) exposure for 2 weeks. We found that recurrent asthma attacks increased lung tissue resistance. CS exposure in asthmatic mice decreased the central airway resistance, increased lung compliance, and attenuated airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). CS exposure in asthmatic mice also increased the number of neutrophils and macrophages in the bronchoalveolar fluid. Treatment with Dex in asthmatic mice without CS exposure reduced airway resistance, AHR and airway eosinophilia. In asthmatic mice with CS exposure, however, Dex treatment unexpectedly increased lung tissue resistance and restored AHR that had been otherwise suppressed. Dex treatment in asthmatic mice with CS exposure inhibited eosinophilic inflammation but conversely exacerbated neutrophilic inflammation. On the other hand, treatment with Rof in asthmatic mice without CS exposure reduced airway resistance and airway eosinophilia, although the inhibitory effect of Rof on AHR was unremarkable. In asthmatic mice with CS exposure, Rof treatment did not exacerbate lung tissue resistance but modestly restored AHR, without any significant effects on airway inflammation. These results suggest that CS exposure mitigates sensitivity to both Dex and Rof. In asthmatic mice with CS exposure, Dex is still effective in reducing eosinophilic inflammation but increases lung tissue resistance, AHR and neutrophilic inflammation. Rof is ineffective in improving lung function and inflammation in asthmatic mice with CS exposure. This study did not support our initial hypothesis that Rof might be more effective than glucocorticoids for improving asthma in smokers. However, glucocorticoids may have a detrimental effect on smoking asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichiro Kawagoe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Yuki Maeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Ryota Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Maki Takahashi
- CMIC Pharma Science Co.,Ltd., Bioresearch Center, 10221 Kobuchisawa-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-0044, Japan.
| | - Jun-Ichi Fuchikami
- CMIC Pharma Science Co.,Ltd., Bioresearch Center, 10221 Kobuchisawa-cho, Hokuto-shi, Yamanashi, 408-0044, Japan.
| | - Takao Tsuji
- Otsuki Municipal Hospital, 1225 Hanasaki, Otsuki-machi, 401-0015 Yamanashi, Japan.
| | - Yuta Kono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Shinji Abe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Koyama
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
| | - Kazutetsu Aoshiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuou, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan.
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Dustin CM, Habibovic A, Hristova M, Schiffers C, Morris CR, Lin MCJ, Bauer RA, Heppner DE, Daphtary N, Aliyeva M, van der Vliet A. Oxidation-Dependent Activation of Src Kinase Mediates Epithelial IL-33 Production and Signaling during Acute Airway Allergen Challenge. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 206:2989-2999. [PMID: 34088769 PMCID: PMC8642476 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory epithelium forms the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens and acts as an important source of innate cytokine responses to environmental insults. One critical mediator of these responses is the IL-1 family cytokine IL-33, which is rapidly secreted upon acute epithelial injury as an alarmin and induces type 2 immune responses. Our recent work highlighted the importance of the NADPH oxidase dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1) in acute airway epithelial IL-33 secretion by various airborne allergens associated with H2O2 production and reduction-oxidation-dependent activation of Src kinases and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. In this study, we show that IL-33 secretion in response to acute airway challenge with house dust mite (HDM) allergen critically depends on the activation of Src by a DUOX1-dependent oxidative mechanism. Intriguingly, HDM-induced epithelial IL-33 secretion was dramatically attenuated by small interfering RNA- or Ab-based approaches to block IL-33 signaling through its receptor IL1RL1 (ST2), indicating that HDM-induced IL-33 secretion includes a positive feed-forward mechanism involving ST2-dependent IL-33 signaling. Moreover, activation of type 2 cytokine responses by direct airway IL-33 administration was associated with ST2-dependent activation of DUOX1-mediated H2O2 production and reduction-oxidation-based activation of Src and EGFR and was attenuated in Duox1 -/- and Src +/- mice, indicating that IL-33-induced epithelial signaling and subsequent airway responses involve DUOX1/Src-dependent pathways. Collectively, our findings suggest an intricate relationship between DUOX1, Src, and IL-33 signaling in the activation of innate type 2 immune responses to allergens, involving DUOX1-dependent epithelial Src/EGFR activation in initial IL-33 secretion and in subsequent IL-33 signaling through ST2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Aida Habibovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Caspar Schiffers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Carolyn R Morris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Miao-Chong Joy Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Robert A Bauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY; and
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT;
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Robichaud A, Fereydoonzad L, Collins SL, Loube JM, Ishii Y, Horton MR, Martin JG, Mitzner W. Airway compliance measurements in mouse models of respiratory diseases. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L204-L212. [PMID: 34009049 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00470.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The quantification of airway compliance (Caw) is essential to the study of airway alterations in disease models. However, the required measurements of airway pressure and volume are difficult to acquire in mice. We hypothesized that the inflation limb of full-range pressure-volume (PV) curves could be used to quantify Caw, as it contains a segment where only the airway tree is distended. The study objective was to assess the feasibility of the approach by analysis of full-range PV curves previously collected in three mouse models: an elastase model of emphysema, a genetic model spontaneously developing emphysema (leukotriene C4 synthase knockout; LTC4S-KO), and a bleomycin model of lung fibrosis. Attempts to validate results included Caw change relative to respiratory system compliance (ΔCaw/ΔC), the minute work of breathing (mWOB), and the elastance at 20.5 Hz (Ers_20.5) from prior respiratory mechanics measurements in the same subjects. Caw was estimated at 3% of total compliance in healthy mice or 2.3 ± 1 μL/cmH2O (n = 17). The technique detected changes in models of respiratory obstructive and restrictive diseases relative to control mice as well as differences in the two emphysema models studied. The changes in Caw were consistent with those seen in ΔCaw/ΔC, mWOB, or Ers_20.5, with some variations according to the model, as well as with results reported in the literature in humans and mice. Direct Caw measurements in subjects as small as mice could prove useful to further characterize other respiratory disease models associated with airway remodeling or to assess treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel L Collins
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey Martin Loube
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yumiko Ishii
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Maureen R Horton
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James G Martin
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wayne Mitzner
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Beneficial impact of cathelicidin on hypersensitivity pneumonitis treatment-In vivo studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251237. [PMID: 33999928 PMCID: PMC8128276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cathelicidin (CRAMP) is a defence peptide with a wide range of biological responses including antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and wound healing. Due to its original properties the usefulness of CRAMP in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis was assessed in a murine model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The studies were conducted on mouse strain C57BL/6J exposed to a saline extract of Pantoea agglomerans cells (HP inducer). Cathelicidin was administered in the form of an aerosol during and after HP development. Changes in the composition of immune cell populations (NK cells, macrophages, lymphocytes: Tc, Th, Treg, B), were monitored in lung tissue by flow cytometry. Extracellular matrix deposition (collagens, hydroxyproline), the concentration of cytokines involved in inflammatory and the fibrosis process (IFNγ, TNFα, TGFβ1, IL1β, IL4, IL5, IL10, IL12α, IL13) were examined in lung homogenates by the ELISA method. Alterations in lung tissue morphology were examined in mouse lung sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin as well as Masson trichrome dyes. The performed studies revealed that cathelicidin did not cause any negative changes in lung morphology/structure, immune cell composition or cytokines production. At the same time, CRAMP attenuated the immune reaction induced by mice chronic exposure to P. agglomerans and inhibited hydroxyproline and collagen deposition in the lung tissue of mice treated with bacteria extract. The beneficial effect of CRAMP on HP treatment was associated with restoring the balance in quantity of immune cells, cytokines production and synthesis of extracellular matrix components. The presented study suggests the usefulness of cathelicidin in preventing lung fibrosis; however, cathelicidin was not able to reverse pathological changes completely.
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Lundblad LKA, Robichaud A. Oscillometry of the respiratory system: a translational opportunity not to be missed. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 320:L1038-L1056. [PMID: 33822645 PMCID: PMC8203417 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00222.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway oscillometry has become the de facto standard for quality assessment of lung physiology in laboratory animals and has demonstrated its usefulness in understanding diseases of small airways. Nowadays, it is seeing extensive use in daily clinical practice and research; however, a question that remains unanswered is how well physiological findings in animals and humans correlate? Methodological and device differences are obvious between animal and human studies. However, all devices deliver an oscillated airflow test signal and output respiratory impedance. In addition, despite analysis differences, there are ways to interpret animal and human oscillometry data to allow suitable comparisons. The potential with oscillometry is its ability to reveal universal features of the respiratory system across species, making translational extrapolation likely to be predictive. This means that oscillometry can thus help determine if an animal model displays the same physiological characteristics as the human disease. Perhaps more importantly, it can also be useful to determine whether an intervention is effective as well as to understand if it affects the desired region of the respiratory system, e.g., the periphery of the lung. Finally, findings in humans can also inform preclinical scientists and give indications as to what type of physiological changes should be observed in animal models to make them relevant as models of human disease. The present article will attempt to demonstrate the potential of oscillometry in respiratory research, an area where the development of novel therapies is plagued with a failure rate higher than in other disease areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart K A Lundblad
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,THORASYS Thoracic Medical Systems Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Annette Robichaud
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Birukova A, Cyphert-Daly J, Cumming RI, Yu YR, Gowdy KM, Que LG, Tighe RM. Sex Modifies Acute Ozone-Mediated Airway Physiologic Responses. Toxicol Sci 2020; 169:499-510. [PMID: 30825310 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences clearly exist in incidence, susceptibility, and severity of airway disease and in pulmonary responses to air pollutants such as ozone (O3). Prior rodent O3 exposure studies demonstrate sex-related differences in the expression of lung inflammatory mediators and signaling. However, whether or not sex modifies O3-induced airway physiologic responses remains less explored. To address this, we exposed 8- to 10-week-old male and female C57BL/6 mice to either 1 or 2 ppm O3 or filtered air (FA) for 3 h. At 12, 24, 48, and 72 h following exposure, we assessed airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine (MCh), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cellularity, cytokines and total protein/albumin, serum progesterone, and whole lung immune cells by flow cytometry. Male mice generated consistent airway hyperresponsiveness to MCh at all time points following exposure. Alternatively, females had less consistent airway physiologic responses to MCh, which were more variable between individual experiments and did not correlate with serum progesterone levels. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total cells peaked at 12 h and were persistently elevated through 72 h. At 48 h, bronchoalveolar lavage cells were greater in females versus males. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytokines and total protein/albumin increased following O3 exposure without sex differences. Flow cytometry of whole lung tissue identified dynamic O3-induced immune cell changes also independent of sex. Our results indicate sex differences in acute O3-induced airway physiology responses and airspace influx without significant difference in other injury and inflammation measures. This study highlights the importance of considering sex as a biological variable in acute O3-induced airway physiology responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yen-Rei Yu
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Kymberly M Gowdy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina 27858
| | - Loretta G Que
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
| | - Robert M Tighe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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9
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van der Velden JL, Alcorn JF, Chapman DG, Lundblad LKA, Irvin CG, Davis RJ, Butnor K, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Airway epithelial specific deletion of Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in two independent mouse models. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226904. [PMID: 31935227 PMCID: PMC6959564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-induced kinase, c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) has previously been implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis. However, the exact cell type(s) wherein JNK1 exerts its pro-fibrotic role(s) remained enigmatic. Herein we demonstrate prominent activation of JNK in bronchial epithelia using the mouse models of bleomycin- or AdTGFβ1-induced fibrosis. Furthermore, in lung tissues of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), active JNK was observed in various regions including type I and type II pneumocytes and fibroblasts. No JNK activity was observed in adjacent normal tissue or in normal control tissue. To address the role of epithelial JNK1, we ablated Jnk1 form bronchiolar and alveolar type II epithelial cells using CCSP-directed Cre recombinase-mediated ablation of LoxP-flanked Jnk1 alleles. Our results demonstrate that ablation of Jnk1 from airway epithelia resulted in a strong protection from bleomycin- or adenovirus expressing active transforming growth factor beta-1 (AdTGFβ1)-induced fibrosis. Ablation of the Jnk1 allele at a time when collagen increases were already present showed a reversal of existing increases in collagen content. Epithelial Jnk1 ablation resulted in attenuation of mesenchymal genes and proteins in lung tissue and preserved expression of epithelial genes. Collectively, these data suggest that epithelial JNK1 contributes to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Given the presence of active JNK in lungs from patients with IPF, targeting JNK1 in airway epithelia may represent a potential treatment strategy to combat this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos L. van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - John F. Alcorn
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David G. Chapman
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Lennart K. A. Lundblad
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Charles G. Irvin
- Departments of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Davis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kelly Butnor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
| | - Yvonne M. W. Janssen-Heininger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Valenga MH, Vitorasso RDL, Rodrigues TG, Pazetti R, Cardoso PFG, Moriya HT, Aoki FG. An in vivo image acquisition system for the evaluation of tracheal mechanics in rats. Artif Organs 2019; 44:504-512. [PMID: 31715014 DOI: 10.1111/aor.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical evaluation of tracheal grafts is of great relevance for transplant research. Although there are some publications demonstrating different techniques of tracheal mechanical evaluation, there is still no definitive or preferred protocol available. Here, we present a simple image processing acquisition system that can be used for in vivo experiments. Six male Wistar rats were submitted to orotracheal intubation and a longitudinal incision was made to expose the trachea. Images of tracheae were acquired from a video camera in different scenarios of bronchoconstriction using methacholine (MCh) (Basal, PBS, MCh 30 μg/kg, MCh 300 μg/kg, and postmetabolized) during imposed-inspiration and imposed-expiration. The area variation ratio (the ratio between areas during expiration vs. inspiration) was 1.1× for the Basal group, while the ratio for MCh 300 µg/kg was 6.5×. The area variation of imaged tracheae was statistically significant at the dose of MCh 300 µg/kg for imposed-inspiration versus imposed-expiration (P = .002). Likewise, elastance data of respiratory mechanics indicated a statistically significant difference at the dose of MCh 300 µg/kg for imposed-inspiration versus imposed-expiration (P = .026). Our image processing analysis protocol presented corresponding behavior when compared to mechanical parameters of the respiratory system. In addition, our image acquisition system was able to highlight the differences between imposed-inspiration and imposed-expiration. Image analysis of the tracheal area variation seems to be in agreement with the elastance of the respiratory system. Taken together, these observations may help future studies of tracheal transplantation for in situ assessment of graft patency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Henrique Valenga
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (LEB), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Renato de Lima Vitorasso
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (LEB), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Guimarães Rodrigues
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (LEB), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Pazetti
- Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratory (LIM-61), Instituto do Coração (InCor), University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | | | - Henrique Takachi Moriya
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (LEB), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Gava Aoki
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory (LEB), Escola Politécnica, University of São Paulo, São Paulo - SP, Brazil.,Institute of Science and Technology (ICT), Federal University of São Paulo, São José dos Campos - SP, Brazil
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11
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Young HM, Eddy RL, Parraga G. MRI and CT lung biomarkers: Towards an in vivo understanding of lung biomechanics. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2019; 66:107-122. [PMID: 29037603 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The biomechanical properties of the lung are necessarily dependent on its structure and function, both of which are complex and change over time and space. This makes in vivo evaluation of lung biomechanics and a deep understanding of lung biomarkers, very challenging. In patients and animal models of lung disease, in vivo evaluations of lung structure and function are typically made at the mouth and include spirometry, multiple-breath gas washout tests and the forced oscillation technique. These techniques, and the biomarkers they provide, incorporate the properties of the whole organ system including the parenchyma, large and small airways, mouth, diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Unfortunately, these well-established measurements mask regional differences, limiting their ability to probe the lung's gross and micro-biomechanical properties which vary widely throughout the organ and its subcompartments. Pulmonary imaging has the advantage in providing regional, non-invasive measurements of healthy and diseased lung, in vivo. Here we summarize well-established and emerging lung imaging tools and biomarkers and how they may be used to generate lung biomechanical measurements. METHODS We review well-established and emerging lung anatomical, microstructural and functional imaging biomarkers generated using synchrotron x-ray tomographic-microscopy (SRXTM), micro-x-ray computed-tomography (micro-CT), clinical CT as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). FINDINGS Pulmonary imaging provides measurements of lung structure, function and biomechanics with high spatial and temporal resolution. Imaging biomarkers that reflect the biomechanical properties of the lung are now being validated to provide a deeper understanding of the lung that cannot be achieved using measurements made at the mouth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M Young
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Rachel L Eddy
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Grace Parraga
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada; Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, Canada.
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12
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Chamberlain N, Korwin-Mihavics BR, Nakada EM, Bruno SR, Heppner DE, Chapman DG, Hoffman SM, van der Vliet A, Suratt BT, Dienz O, Alcorn JF, Anathy V. Lung epithelial protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) plays an important role in influenza infection, inflammation, and airway mechanics. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101129. [PMID: 30735910 PMCID: PMC6365984 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI) are a family of redox chaperones that catalyze formation or isomerization of disulfide bonds in proteins. Previous studies have shown that one member, PDIA3, interacts with influenza A virus (IAV) hemagglutinin (HA), and this interaction is required for efficient oxidative folding of HA in vitro. However, it is unknown whether these host-viral protein interactions occur during active infection and whether such interactions represent a putative target for the treatment of influenza infection. Here we show that PDIA3 is specifically upregulated in IAV-infected mouse or human lung epithelial cells and PDIA3 directly interacts with IAV-HA. Treatment with a PDI inhibitor, LOC14 inhibited PDIA3 activity in lung epithelial cells, decreased intramolecular disulfide bonds and subsequent oligomerization (maturation) of HA in both H1N1 (A/PR8/34) and H3N2 (X31, A/Aichi/68) infected lung epithelial cells. These reduced disulfide bond formation significantly decreased viral burden, and also pro-inflammatory responses from lung epithelial cells. Lung epithelial-specific deletion of PDIA3 in mice resulted in a significant decrease in viral burden and lung inflammatory-immune markers upon IAV infection, as well as significantly improved airway mechanics. Taken together, these results indicate that PDIA3 is required for effective influenza pathogenesis in vivo, and pharmacological inhibition of PDIs represents a promising new anti-influenza therapeutic strategy during pandemic and severe influenza seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Chamberlain
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Bethany R Korwin-Mihavics
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Emily M Nakada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Sierra R Bruno
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - David G Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Translational Airways Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sidra M Hoffman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Benjamin T Suratt
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Oliver Dienz
- Department of Surgery, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - John F Alcorn
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
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13
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Alamdari HH, El-Sankary K, Maksym GN. Time-Varying Respiratory Mechanics as a Novel Mechanism Behind Frequency Dependence of Impedance: A Modeling Approach. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2019; 66:2433-2446. [PMID: 30596567 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2018.2890055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Frequency dependence of respiratory mechanics is a well-established behavior of the respiratory system and is known to be an indicator of severity of obstructive disease, attributed to both tissue viscoelasticity and heterogeneity of airflow in the lung. Despite the fact that respiratory parameters are known to vary in time, often amplified in disease, all analysis methods assume stationarity or short-time stationarity in the parameters used to describe the respiratory system, and the effects of this assumption have not yet been examined in any detail. Here, using a generalized approach, we developed a theory for time-varying respiratory mechanics in time-frequency domain for analysis of linear time-varying systems, then, we analyzed the same respiratory system model with time-varying parameters in the time domain. Both time-frequency domain and time-domain derivations revealed a striking correlation between time-varying behavior of the respiratory system and frequency dependence of resistance. Remarkably, this phenomenon arose from the amplitude of time variations of the elastance. This links two mechanisms that are known to increase in obstructive disease: apparent low frequency increases in resistance and the time variations of reactance.
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14
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Scoville DK, White CC, Botta D, An D, Afsharinejad Z, Bammler TK, Gao X, Altemeier WA, Kavanagh TJ. Quantum dot induced acute changes in lung mechanics are mouse strain dependent. Inhal Toxicol 2018; 30:397-403. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1542046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David K. Scoville
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Collin C. White
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dianne Botta
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dowon An
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zahra Afsharinejad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo K. Bammler
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Terrance J. Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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15
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Qian X, Aboushousha R, van de Wetering C, Chia SB, Amiel E, Schneider RW, van der Velden JLJ, Lahue KG, Hoagland DA, Casey DT, Daphtary N, Ather JL, Randall MJ, Aliyeva M, Black KE, Chapman DG, Lundblad LKA, McMillan DH, Dixon AE, Anathy V, Irvin CG, Poynter ME, Wouters EFM, Vacek PM, Henket M, Schleich F, Louis R, van der Vliet A, Janssen-Heininger YMW. IL-1/inhibitory κB kinase ε-induced glycolysis augment epithelial effector function and promote allergic airways disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:435-450.e10. [PMID: 29108965 PMCID: PMC6278819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging studies suggest that enhanced glycolysis accompanies inflammatory responses. Virtually nothing is known about the relevance of glycolysis in patients with allergic asthma. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether glycolysis is altered in patients with allergic asthma and to address its importance in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. METHODS We examined alterations in glycolysis in sputum samples from asthmatic patients and primary human nasal cells and used murine models of allergic asthma, as well as primary mouse tracheal epithelial cells, to evaluate the relevance of glycolysis. RESULTS In a murine model of allergic asthma, glycolysis was induced in the lungs in an IL-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, administration of IL-1β into the airways stimulated lactate production and expression of glycolytic enzymes, with notable expression of lactate dehydrogenase A occurring in the airway epithelium. Indeed, exposure of mouse tracheal epithelial cells to IL-1β or IL-1α resulted in increased glycolytic flux, glucose use, expression of glycolysis genes, and lactate production. Enhanced glycolysis was required for IL-1β- or IL-1α-mediated proinflammatory responses and the stimulatory effects of IL-1β on house dust mite (HDM)-induced release of thymic stromal lymphopoietin and GM-CSF from tracheal epithelial cells. Inhibitor of κB kinase ε was downstream of HDM or IL-1β and required for HDM-induced glycolysis and pathogenesis of allergic airways disease. Small interfering RNA ablation of lactate dehydrogenase A attenuated HDM-induced increases in lactate levels and attenuated HDM-induced disease. Primary nasal epithelial cells from asthmatic patients intrinsically produced more lactate compared with cells from healthy subjects. Lactate content was significantly higher in sputum supernatants from asthmatic patients, notably those with greater than 61% neutrophils. A positive correlation was observed between sputum lactate and IL-1β levels, and lactate content correlated negatively with lung function. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings demonstrate that IL-1β/inhibitory κB kinase ε signaling plays an important role in HDM-induced glycolysis and pathogenesis of allergic airways disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Qian
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Reem Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Cheryl van de Wetering
- Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Shi B Chia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Eyal Amiel
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Radiation, University of Vermont College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Burlington, Vt
| | - Robert W Schneider
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Jos L J van der Velden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Daisy A Hoagland
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Dylan T Casey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Nirav Daphtary
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Jennifer L Ather
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Matthew J Randall
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Minara Aliyeva
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Kendall E Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - David G Chapman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt; Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lennart K A Lundblad
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - David H McMillan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Vikas Anathy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Charles G Irvin
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Pulmonology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pamela M Vacek
- Medical Biostatistics Unit, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
| | - Monique Henket
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Sart-TilmanB35, Liege, Belgium
| | - Florence Schleich
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Sart-TilmanB35, Liege, Belgium
| | - Renaud Louis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, CHU Sart-TilmanB35, Liege, Belgium
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vt
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16
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Chetty A, Sharda A, Warburton R, Weinberg EO, Dong J, Fang M, Sahagian GG, Chen T, Xue C, Castellot JJ, Haydon PG, Nielsen HC. A purinergic P2Y6 receptor agonist prodrug modulates airway inflammation, remodeling, and hyperreactivity in a mouse model of asthma. J Asthma Allergy 2018; 11:159-171. [PMID: 30122959 PMCID: PMC6078081 DOI: 10.2147/jaa.s151849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Purinergic receptors control cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, inflammation, and cytokine secretion. Increased expression of specific purinergic receptors is reported in asthma. The role of purinergic P2Y6 receptors (P2Y6R) in asthma is controversial. Hypothesis P2Y6R activation in asthma improves pulmonary function and reduces inflammation and smooth muscle amount. Methods Female mice (C57/BL6, age 30 days) were randomly assigned to receive intranasal house dust mite (HDM) antigen (40 or 80 µg) or saline, 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. Randomly selected subgroups received intraperitoneal P2Y6R agonist prodrug (GC021109; 10 or 100 µg/kg weight/dose) simultaneously with HDM. After 6 weeks, lung function was measured. Lung lavage fluid (LLF) was used to measure total cell count, total protein, and cytokines. Immunohistochemistry for alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was done. Airway wall thickness was measured on micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) images. Results Pulmonary function testing revealed a HDM dose-dependent airway hyperresponsiveness. Airway resistance was increased 2-fold while compliance was decreased by 50% at the higher HDM dose (P<0.05). GC021109 prevented these changes. HDM-exposed mice had elevated inflammatory cell and total protein levels in LLF which were prevented by GC021109 (P<0.05). HDM mice also had elevated LLF levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-12, granulocyte colony stimulating factor, chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand 1, and leukemia inhibitory factor that were reduced by GC021109 with a dose-dependent pattern. HDM mice had increased peribronchial and perivascular inflammatory cell infiltration and increased α-SMA; these changes were absent with GC021109. Airway wall thickness measured on micro-CT images was increased after HDM exposure and significantly reduced by GC021109 treatment. Conclusion The P2Y6R prodrug GC021109 inhibited allergen-induced changes in pulmonary function, inflammatory responses, and airway and vascular smooth muscle mass. P2Y6R activation may be an effective therapeutic maintenance strategy in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Chetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Azeem Sharda
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Rod Warburton
- Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen O Weinberg
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Min Fang
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Gary Sahagian
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tiangmeng Chen
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chang Xue
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John J Castellot
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,
| | - Philip G Haydon
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heber C Nielsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA, .,Graduate Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,
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17
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Rosenberg HF, Druey KM. Modeling asthma: Pitfalls, promises, and the road ahead. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:41-48. [PMID: 29451705 PMCID: PMC6134392 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3mr1117-436r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous, and recurring inflammatory disease of the lower airways, with exacerbations that feature airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. Asthma has been modeled extensively via disease induction in both wild-type and genetically manipulated laboratory mice (Mus musculus). Antigen sensitization and challenge strategies have reproduced numerous important features of airway inflammation characteristic of human asthma, notably the critical roles of type 2 T helper cell cytokines. Recent models of disease induction have advanced to include physiologic aeroallergens with prolonged respiratory challenge without systemic sensitization; others incorporate tobacco, respiratory viruses, or bacteria as exacerbants. Nonetheless, differences in lung size, structure, and physiologic responses limit the degree to which airway dynamics measured in mice can be compared to human subjects. Other rodent allergic airways models, including those featuring the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) might be considered for lung function studies. Finally, domestic cats (Feline catus) and horses (Equus caballus) develop spontaneous obstructive airway disorders with clinical and pathologic features that parallel human asthma. Information on pathogenesis and treatment of these disorders is an important resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene F. Rosenberg
- Inflammation Immunobiology Section Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kirk M. Druey
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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18
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Dietary wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors exacerbate murine allergic airway inflammation. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:1507-1514. [PMID: 29600329 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1681-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat amylase trypsin inhibitors (ATI) are dietary non-gluten proteins that activate the toll-like receptor 4 on myeloid cells, promoting intestinal inflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY We investigated the effects of dietary ATI on experimental allergic airway inflammation. METHODS Mice on a gluten and ATI-free diet (GAFD), sensitized with PBS or ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged with OVA, were compared to mice on a commercial standard chow, a gluten diet naturally containing ~ 0.75% of protein as ATI (G+AD), a gluten diet containing ~ 0.19% of protein as ATI (G-AD) and a GAFD with 1% of protein as ATI (AD). Airway hyperreactivity (AHR), inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pulmonary tissue sections were analyzed. Allergic sensitization was assessed ex vivo via proliferation of OVA-stimulated splenocytes. RESULTS Mice on a GAFD sensitized with PBS did not develop AHR after local provocation with methacholine. Mice on a GAFD or on a G-AD and sensitized with OVA developed milder AHR compared to mice fed a G+AD or an AD. The increased AHR was paralleled by increased BAL eosinophils, IL-5 and IL-13 production, and an enhanced ex vivo splenocyte activation in the ATI-fed groups. CONCLUSIONS Dietary ATI enhance allergic airway inflammation in OVA-challenged mice, while an ATI-free or ATI-reduced diet has a protective effect on AHR. Nutritional wheat ATI, activators of intestinal myeloid cells, may be clinically relevant adjuvants to allergic airway inflammation.
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19
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Differential effects of innate immune variants of surfactant protein-A1 (SFTPA1) and SP-A2 (SFTPA2) in airway function after Klebsiella pneumoniae infection and sex differences. Respir Res 2018; 19:23. [PMID: 29394894 PMCID: PMC5797374 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-018-0723-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surfactant Protein-A (SP-A) is a major protein component of surfactant and plays a role in surfactant-related functions and innate immunity. Human SP-A consists of two functional genes, SFTPA1 and SFTPA2, encoding SP-A1 and SP-A2 proteins, respectively and each is identified with numerous genetic variants. These differentially enhance bacterial phagocytosis, with SP-A2 variants being more effective than SP-A1. Methods Lung functions of humanized transgenic (hTG) mice that carry different SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants or both variants SP-A1/SP-A2 (6A2/1A0, co-ex), as well as SP-A knockout (KO), were studied. The animals were connected to a flexiVent system to obtain forced oscillation technique (FOT) measurements and the data were analyzed using various models. Lung function was assessed after infection (baseline) and following inhaled methacholine concentrations (0–50 mg/mL). Results Here, we investigated the role of SP-A variants on airway function after Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) infection (baseline) and following inhaled methacholine. We found that: 1) in the absence of methacholine no significant differences were observed between SP-A1 and SP-A2 variants and/or SP-A knockout (KO) except for sex differences in most of the parameters studied. 2) In response to methacholine, i) sex differences were observed that were reverse of those observed in the absence of methacholine; ii) SP-A2 (1A3) gene variant in males exhibited increased total and central airway resistance (Rrs and Rn) versus all other variants; iii) In females, SP-A2 (1A3) and SP-A1 (6A2) variants had similar increases in total and central airway resistance (Rrs and Rn) versus all other variants; iv) Allele-specific differences were observed, a) with SP-A2 (1A3) exhibiting significantly higher lung functions versus SP-A2 (1A0) in both sexes, except for Crs, and b) SP-A1 (6A2, 6A4) had more diverse changes in lung function in both sexes. Conclusion We conclude that, in response to infection and methacholine, SP-A variants differentially affect lung function and exhibit sex-specific differences consistent with previously reported findings of functional differences of SP-A variants. Thus, the observed changes in respiratory function mechanics provide insight into the role and importance of genetic variation of innate immune molecules, such as SP-A, on mechanical consequences of lung function after infection and inhaled substances.
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Bates JHT. CORP: Measurement of lung function in small animals. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2017; 123:1039-1046. [PMID: 28798197 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00243.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurement of lung function in mice and rats is crucial for understanding how well small animal models of pulmonary disease recapitulate human clinical pathology but brings with it the challenge of making accurate measurements in animals as small as a mouse. Overcoming these challenges can be achieved in a number of ways, each based on a model idealization of how the lung works as a mechanical system. Accordingly, it is important to understand the theoretical basis on which an assessment of lung function rests to interpret experimental measurements appropriately. It is also crucial to attend to a number of practical issues that determine the quality of the measurements. The most accurate measurements of lung function in small animals are provided by the forced oscillation technique that provides lung resistance and elastance and its multifrequency generalization known as impedance. Measurement quality is maximized when the greatest possible degree of control is exerted over the amplitude and frequency with which air is oscillated in and out of the lungs, the mean or end-expiratory transpulmonary pressure pertaining to when the oscillations are applied, and the immediate past volume history of the lungs. It is also crucial that no spontaneous breathing efforts occur during the measurement period. Finally, there is no substitute for the skill in animal handling and surgical preparation that comes with practice; such a skill should be in place before embarking on any important series of experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H T Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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21
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Mori V, Oliveira MA, Vargas MHM, da Cunha AA, de Souza RG, Pitrez PM, Moriya HT. Input respiratory impedance in mice: comparison between the flow-based and the wavetube method to perform the forced oscillation technique. Physiol Meas 2017; 38:992-1005. [PMID: 28378711 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/aa6b75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective and approach: In this study, we estimated the constant phase model (CPM) parameters from the respiratory impedance of male BALB/c mice by performing the forced oscillation technique (FOT) in a control group (n = 8) and in a murine model of asthma (OVA) (n = 10). Then, we compared the results obtained by two different methods, using a commercial equipment (flexiVent-flexiWare 7.X; SCIREQ, Montreal, Canada) (FXV) and a wavetube method equipment (Sly et al 2003 J. Appl. Physiol. 94 1460-6) (WVT). We believe that the results from different methods may not be comparable. First, we compared the results performing a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for the resistance, elastance and tissue damping. MAIN RESULTS We found statistically significant differences in all CPM parameters, except for resistance, when comparing Control and OVA groups. When comparing devices, we found statistically significant differences in resistance, while differences in elastance were not observed. For tissue damping, the results from WVT were observed to be higher than those from FXV. Finally, when comparing the relative variation between the CPM parameters of the Control and OVA groups in both devices, no significant differences were observed for all parameters. SIGNIFICANCE We then conclude that this assessment can compensate the effect of using different cannulas. Furthermore, tissue damping differences between groups can be compensated, since bronchoconstrictors were not used. Therefore, we believe that relative variations in the results between groups can be a comparing parameter when using different equipment without bronchoconstrictor administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Mori
- Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, Escola Politécnica, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, travessa 3, nº 158, Predio Engenharia Elétrica, Room D2-01, ZIP 05508-900, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil
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22
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Drummond D, Baravalle-Einaudi M, Lezmi G, Vibhushan S, Franco-Montoya ML, Hadchouel A, Boczkowski J, Delacourt C. Combined Effects of in Utero and Adolescent Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Lung Function in C57Bl/6J Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2017; 125:392-399. [PMID: 27814244 PMCID: PMC5332197 DOI: 10.1289/ehp54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal determinants of airway function, such as in utero exposure to maternal cigarette smoke (CS), may create a predisposition to adult airflow obstruction and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adulthood. It has been suggested that active smoking in adolescence and preexisting airflow obstruction have synergistic deleterious effects. OBJECTIVE We used a mouse model to investigate whether there is a synergistic effect of exposure to CS in utero and during adolescence on lung function. METHODS Female C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to CS or to filtered room air during pregnancy. Exposure to CS began 2 weeks before mating and continued until delivery. After birth, the pups were not exposed to CS until day 21 (D21). Between D21 and D49, corresponding to "adolescence," litters were randomized for an additional 4 weeks of exposure to CS. Lung morphometry, lung mechanics, and the expression of genes involved in senescence were evaluated in different subsets of mice on D21 and D49. RESULTS In utero exposure to CS induced significant lung function impairment by D21. CS exposure between D21 and D49 induced significant functional impairment only in mice exposed to CS prenatally. On D49, no difference was observed between subgroups in terms of lung p53, p16, p21, and Bax mRNA levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that prenatal and adolescent CS exposure have a synergistic effect on lung function in mice. The combined effect did not appear to be a consequence of early pulmonary senescence. Citation: Drummond D, Baravalle-Einaudi M, Lezmi G, Vibhushan S, Franco-Montoya ML, Hadchouel A, Boczkowski J, Delacourt C. 2017. Combined effects of in utero and adolescent tobacco smoke exposure on lung function in C57Bl/6J mice. Environ Health Perspect 125:392-399; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP54.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Drummond
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Mélissa Baravalle-Einaudi
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Lezmi
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Shamila Vibhushan
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Marie-Laure Franco-Montoya
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Alice Hadchouel
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Necker, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jorge Boczkowski
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
| | - Christophe Delacourt
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), U955, Equipe 04, IMRB (Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale), Créteil, France
- Pneumologie Pédiatrique, Necker, AP-HP (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), France; Centre de Référence des Maladies Respiratoires Rares, Paris, France
- Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
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23
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Habibovic A, Hristova M, Heppner DE, Danyal K, Ather JL, Janssen-Heininger YM, Irvin CG, Poynter ME, Lundblad LK, Dixon AE, Geiszt M, van der Vliet A. DUOX1 mediates persistent epithelial EGFR activation, mucous cell metaplasia, and airway remodeling during allergic asthma. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e88811. [PMID: 27812543 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.88811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation with mucous metaplasia and airway remodeling are hallmarks of allergic asthma, and these outcomes have been associated with enhanced expression and activation of EGFR signaling. Here, we demonstrate enhanced expression of EGFR ligands such as amphiregulin as well as constitutive EGFR activation in cultured nasal epithelial cells from asthmatic subjects compared with nonasthmatic controls and in lung tissues of mice during house dust mite-induced (HDM-induced) allergic inflammation. EGFR activation was associated with cysteine oxidation within EGFR and the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Src, and both amphiregulin production and oxidative EGFR activation were diminished by pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of the epithelial NADPH oxidase dual oxidase 1 (DUOX1). DUOX1 deficiency also attenuated several EGFR-dependent features of HDM-induced allergic airway inflammation, including neutrophilic inflammation, type 2 cytokine production (IL-33, IL-13), mucous metaplasia, subepithelial fibrosis, and central airway resistance. Moreover, targeted inhibition of airway DUOX1 in mice with previously established HDM-induced allergic inflammation, by intratracheal administration of DUOX1-targeted siRNA or pharmacological NADPH oxidase inhibitors, reversed most of these outcomes. Our findings indicate an important function for DUOX1 in allergic inflammation related to persistent EGFR activation and suggest that DUOX1 targeting may represent an attractive strategy in asthma management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer L Ather
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | | | - Charles G Irvin
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Lennart K Lundblad
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Anne E Dixon
- Department of Medicine, Vermont Lung Center, Robert Larner, M.D. College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Miklos Geiszt
- Department of Physiology and "Lendület" Peroxidase Enzyme Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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24
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Eddens T, Campfield BT, Serody K, Manni ML, Horne W, Elsegeiny W, McHugh KJ, Pociask D, Chen K, Zheng M, Alcorn JF, Wenzel S, Kolls JK. A Novel CD4 + T Cell-Dependent Murine Model of Pneumocystis-driven Asthma-like Pathology. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2016; 194:807-820. [PMID: 27007260 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201511-2205oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Infection with Pneumocystis, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, can result in fulminant pneumonia in the clinical setting of patients with immunosuppression. In murine models, Pneumocystis has previously been shown to induce a CD4+ T cell-dependent eosinophilic response in the lung capable of providing protection. OBJECTIVES We sought to explore the role of Pneumocystis in generating asthma-like lung pathology, given the natural eosinophilic response to infection. METHODS Pneumocystis infection or antigen treatment was used to induce asthma-like pathology in wild-type mice. The roles of CD4+ T cells and eosinophils were examined using antibody depletion and knockout mice, respectively. The presence of anti-Pneumocystis antibodies in human serum samples was detected by ELISA and Western blotting. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Pneumocystis infection generates a strong type II response in the lung that requires CD4+ T cells. Pneumocystis infection was capable of priming a Th2 response similar to that of a commonly studied airway allergen, the house dust mite. Pneumocystis antigen treatment was also capable of inducing allergic inflammation in the lung, resulting in anti-Pneumocystis IgE production, goblet cell hyperplasia, and increased airway resistance. In the human population, patients with severe asthma had increased levels of anti-Pneumocystis IgG and IgE compared with healthy control subjects. Patients with severe asthma with elevated anti-Pneumocystis IgG levels had worsened symptom scores and lung parameters such as decreased forced expiratory volume and increased residual volume compared with patients with severe asthma who had low anti-Pneumocystis IgG. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that Pneumocystis is an airway allergen capable of inducing asthma-like lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Eddens
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and.,2 Department of Immunology
| | - Brian T Campfield
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and.,3 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, and
| | - Katelin Serody
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | - Michelle L Manni
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - William Horne
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | - Waleed Elsegeiny
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and.,2 Department of Immunology
| | - Kevin J McHugh
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Derek Pociask
- 5 Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care, and Environmental Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Kong Chen
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | - Mingquan Zheng
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and
| | - John F Alcorn
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sally Wenzel
- 6 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Jay K Kolls
- 1 Richard King Mellon Foundation Institute for Pediatric Research and
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25
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Maaske A, Devos FC, Niezold T, Lapuente D, Tannapfel A, Vanoirbeek JA, Überla K, Peters M, Tenbusch M. Mucosal expression of DEC-205 targeted allergen alleviates an asthmatic phenotype in mice. J Control Release 2016; 237:14-22. [PMID: 27374625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering the rising incidence of allergic asthma, the symptomatic treatments that are currently applied in most cases are less than ideal. Specific immunotherapy is currently the only treatment that is able to change the course of the disease, but suffers from a long treatment duration. A gene based immunization that elicits the targeting of allergens towards dendritic cells in a steady-state environment might have the potential to amend these difficulties. Here we used a replication deficient adenovirus to induce the mucosal expression of OVA coupled to a single-chain antibody against DEC-205. A single intranasal vaccination was sufficient to mitigate an OVA-dependent asthmatic phenotype in a murine model. Invasive airway measurements demonstrated improved lung function after Ad-Dec-OVA treatment, which was in line with a marked reduction of goblet cell hyperplasia and lung eosinophilia. Furthermore OVA-specific IgE titers and production of type 2 cytokines were significantly reduced. Together, the here presented data demonstrate the feasibility of mucosal expression of DEC-targeted allergens as a treatment of allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maaske
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - F C Devos
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - T Niezold
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - D Lapuente
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Tannapfel
- Institute of Pathology, Ruhr University of Bochum, Germany
| | - J A Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - K Überla
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Peters
- Department of Experimental Pneumology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - M Tenbusch
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, Germany.
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26
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Pothen JJ, Poynter ME, Lundblad LKA, Bates JHT. Dissecting the inflammatory twitch in allergically inflamed mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2016; 310:L1003-9. [PMID: 26944087 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00036.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously advanced the hypothesis that the allergic inflammatory response in the lungs occurs as a self-limited sequence of events that begins with the onset of inflammation and then resolves back to baseline over a predetermined time course (Pothen JJ, Poynter ME, Bates JH. J Immunol 190: 3510-3516, 2013). In the present study we tested a key prediction of this hypothesis, which is that the instigation of the allergic inflammatory response should be accompanied by a later refractory period during which the response cannot be reinitiated. We challenged groups of ovalbumin-sensitized BALB/c mice for 3, 14, 21 and 31 consecutive days with aerosolized ovalbumin. We measured airways responsiveness as well as cell counts and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after the final challenge in subgroups from each group. In other subgroups we performed the same measurements following rest periods and after a final single recall challenge with antigen. We determined that the refractory periods for GM-CSF, KC, and IL-5 are no longer than 10 days, while those for IFNγ and IL-10 are no longer than 28 days. The refractory periods for total leukocytes and neutrophils were no greater than 28 days, while that for eosinophils was more than 28 days. The refractory period for airways resistance was less than 17, while for lung elastance it was longer than 28 days. Our results thus demonstrate that the components of the allergic inflammatory response in the lung have finite refractory periods, with the refractory period of the entire response being in the order of a month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Pothen
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Matthew E Poynter
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Lennart K A Lundblad
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jason H T Bates
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
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27
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Li M, Liu L, Xi N, Wang Y, Xiao X, Zhang W. Effects of temperature and cellular interactions on the mechanics and morphology of human cancer cells investigated by atomic force microscopy. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2015; 58:889-901. [PMID: 26354505 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-015-4914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cell mechanics plays an important role in cellular physiological activities. Recent studies have shown that cellular mechanical properties are novel biomarkers for indicating the cell states. In this article, temperature-controllable atomic force microscopy (AFM) was applied to quantitatively investigate the effects of temperature and cellular interactions on the mechanics and morphology of human cancer cells. First, AFM indenting experiments were performed on six types of human cells to investigate the changes of cellular Young's modulus at different temperatures and the results showed that the mechanical responses to the changes of temperature were variable for different types of cancer cells. Second, AFM imaging experiments were performed to observe the morphological changes in living cells at different temperatures and the results showed the significant changes of cell morphology caused by the alterations of temperature. Finally, by co-culturing human cancer cells with human immune cells, the mechanical and morphological changes in cancer cells were investigated. The results showed that the co-culture of cancer cells and immune cells could cause the distinct mechanical changes in cancer cells, but no significant morphological differences were observed. The experimental results improved our understanding of the effects of temperature and cellular interactions on the mechanics and morphology of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - LianQing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China. .,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - YueChao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - XiuBin Xiao
- Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
| | - WeiJing Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100071, China
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28
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Scott JA, North ML, Rafii M, Huang H, Pencharz P, Grasemann H. Plasma arginine metabolites reflect airway dysfunction in a murine model of allergic airway inflammation. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 118:1229-33. [PMID: 25979935 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00865.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
L-arginine metabolism is important in the maintenance of airway tone. Shift of metabolism from the nitric oxide synthase to arginase pathways contributes to the increased airway responsiveness in asthma. We tested the hypothesis that systemic levels of L-arginine metabolites are biomarkers reflective of airway dysfunction. We used a mouse model of acute allergic airway inflammation to OVA that manifests with significant airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. To determine tissue arginase activity in vivo, the isotopic enrichment of an infused L-arginine stable isotope and its product amino acid L-ornithine were measured in lung and airway homogenates using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Tissue and plasma concentrations of other L-arginine metabolites, including L-citrulline and symmetric and asymmetric dimethylarginine, were measured and correlated with lung arginase activity and methacholine responsiveness of the airways. The effectiveness of intratracheal instillation of an arginase inhibitor (boronoethylcysteine) on pulmonary arginase activity and circulating concentrations of L-arginine metabolites was also studied. We demonstrate that 1) plasma indexes of L-arginine bioavailability and impairment of nitric oxide synthase function correlate with airway responsiveness to methacholine; 2) plasma levels of L-ornithine predict in vivo pulmonary arginase activity and airway function; and 3) acute arginase inhibition reduces in vivo pulmonary arginase activity to control levels and normalizes plasma L-ornithine, but not L-arginine, bioavailability in this model. We conclude that plasma L-ornithine may be useful as a systemic biomarker to predict responses to therapeutic interventions targeting airway arginase in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy A Scott
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, Lakehead University, and Division of Medical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Division of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle L North
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mahrouk Rafii
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Hailu Huang
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Paul Pencharz
- Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Hartmut Grasemann
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Program in Physiology and Experimental Medicine, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Division of Respiratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada; and Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
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29
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Robichaud A, Fereydoonzad L, Schuessler TF. Delivered dose estimate to standardize airway hyperresponsiveness assessment in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 308:L837-46. [PMID: 25637610 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00343.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway hyperresponsiveness often constitutes a primary outcome in respiratory studies in mice. The procedure commonly employs aerosolized challenges, and results are typically reported in terms of bronchoconstrictor concentrations loaded into the nebulizer. Yet, because protocols frequently differ across studies, especially in terms of aerosol generation and delivery, direct study comparisons are difficult. We hypothesized that protocol variations could lead to differences in aerosol delivery efficiency and, consequently, in the dose delivered to the subject, as well as in the response. Thirteen nebulization patterns containing common protocol variations (nebulization time, duty cycle, particle size spectrum, air humidity, and/or ventilation profile) and using increasing concentrations of methacholine and broadband forced oscillations (flexiVent, SCIREQ, Montreal, Qc, Canada) were created, characterized, and studied in anesthetized naïve A/J mice. A delivered dose estimate calculated from nebulizer-, ventilator-, and subject-specific characteristics was introduced and used to account for protocol variations. Results showed that nebulization protocol variations significantly affected the fraction of aerosol reaching the subject site and the delivered dose, as well as methacholine reactivity and sensitivity in mice. From the protocol variants studied, addition of a slow deep ventilation profile during nebulization was identified as a key factor for optimization of the technique. The study also highlighted sensitivity differences within the lung, as well as the possibility that airway responses could be selectively enhanced by adequate control of nebulizer and ventilator settings. Reporting results in terms of delivered doses represents an important standardizing element for assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Robichaud
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Liah Fereydoonzad
- SCIREQ Scientific Respiratory Equipment, Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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30
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Ribeiro A, Almeida VI, Costola-de-Souza C, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Vitoretti LB, Gimenes-Junior JA, Akamine AT, Crippa JA, Tavares-de-Lima W, Palermo-Neto J. Cannabidiol improves lung function and inflammation in mice submitted to LPS-induced acute lung injury. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2014; 37:35-41. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2014.976794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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31
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Raker V, Stein J, Montermann E, Maxeiner J, Taube C, Reske-Kunz AB, Sudowe S. Regulation of IgE production and airway reactivity by CD4⁻CD8⁻ regulatory T cells. Immunobiology 2014; 220:490-9. [PMID: 25468560 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2014.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms of tolerance induction occurring in the course of allergen-specific immunotherapy have not been elucidated in full detail. Our study aimed to characterize high zone tolerance in mouse models of type I allergy and of allergic airway inflammation induced by subcutaneous sensitization of mice with high doses of the model allergen ovalbumin (OVA) without the use of adjuvant. Mice were immunized by subcutaneous injection of high doses (HD) of OVA or, for comparison, low doses (LD) of OVA in saline. HD-mice showed lower specific IgE, but augmented IgG in sera than LD-mice. Pre-treatment of mice with HD-OVA antigen-specifically inhibited IgE production subsequently induced by LD-OVA. OVA-restimulated splenocytes from HD-mice revealed hypoproliferation and impaired production of Th2-associated cytokines. HD-mice exhibited lower airway reactivity, goblet cell hyperplasia and mucus production, as well as IL-5 and IL-13 production in the lungs than LD-mice following local provocation. Recruitment of inflammatory cells into the airways was comparable, while the number of eosinophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage was substantially higher in HD-mice. Adoptive transfer of dnTC from HD-mice into naïve mice, which were subsequently sensitized with LD-OVA, suppressed IgE production in the recipients. The number of dnTC was higher in the spleens of HD-mice than LD-mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that subcutaneous sensitization of mice with high doses of allergen in the absence of adjuvant results in attenuated airway reactivity as compared with LD-sensitization and induces CD4(-)CD8(-) dnTC with regulatory function on IgE production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Raker
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany.
| | - Judith Stein
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Evelyn Montermann
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim Maxeiner
- Asthma Core Facility, I. Medical Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Christian Taube
- University Leiden Medical Center, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angelika B Reske-Kunz
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Sudowe
- Clinical Research Unit Allergology, Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
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Ryu MH, Jha A, Ojo OO, Mahood TH, Basu S, Detillieux KA, Nikoobakht N, Wong CS, Loewen M, Becker AB, Halayko AJ. Chronic exposure to perfluorinated compounds: Impact on airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L765-74. [PMID: 25217661 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00100.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging epidemiological evidence reveals a link between lung disease and exposure to indoor pollutants such as perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). PFC exposure during critical developmental stages may increase asthma susceptibility. Thus, in a murine model, we tested the hypothesis that early life and continued exposure to two ubiquitous household PFCs, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perflurooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), can induce lung dysfunction that exacerbates allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and inflammation. Balb/c mice were exposed to PFOA or PFOS (4 mg/kg chow) from gestation day 2 to 12 wk of age by feeding pregnant and nursing dams, and weaned pups. Some pups were also sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA). We assessed lung function and inflammatory cell and cytokine expression in the lung and examined bronchial goblet cell number. PFOA, but not PFOS, without the OVA sensitization/challenge induced AHR concomitant with a 25-fold increase of lung macrophages. PFOA exposure did not affect OVA-induced lung inflammatory cell number. In contrast, PFOS exposure inhibited OVA-induced lung inflammation, decreasing total cell number in lung lavage by 68.7%. Interferon-γ mRNA in the lung was elevated in all PFC-exposed groups. Despite these effects, neither PFOA nor PFOS affected OVA-induced AHR. Our data do not reveal PFOA or PFOS exposure as a risk factor for more severe allergic asthma-like symptoms, but PFOA alone can induce airway inflammation and alter airway function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min H Ryu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Aruni Jha
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Oluwaseun O Ojo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Thomas H Mahood
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Sujata Basu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Karen A Detillieux
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Neda Nikoobakht
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, The University of Winnipeg, Richardson College for the Environment, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Richardson College for the Environment, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Charles S Wong
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Environmental Studies and Sciences, The University of Winnipeg, Richardson College for the Environment, Winnipeg, Canada; and Department of Chemistry, The University of Winnipeg, Richardson College for the Environment, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Mark Loewen
- Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Andrew J Halayko
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; Biology of Breathing Group, Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Winnipeg, Canada;
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Dahm PH, Richards JB, Karmouty-Quintana H, Cromar KR, Sur S, Price RE, Malik F, Spencer CY, Barreno RX, Hashmi SS, Blackburn MR, Haque IU, Johnston RA. Effect of antigen sensitization and challenge on oscillatory mechanics of the lung and pulmonary inflammation in obese carboxypeptidase E-deficient mice. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R621-33. [PMID: 25009214 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00205.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atopic, obese asthmatics exhibit airway obstruction with variable degrees of eosinophilic airway inflammation. We previously reported that mice obese as a result of a genetic deficiency in either leptin (ob/ob mice) or the long isoform of the leptin receptor (db/db mice) exhibit enhanced airway obstruction in the presence of decreased numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophils compared with lean, wild-type mice following antigen (ovalbumin; OVA) sensitization and challenge. To determine whether the genetic modality of obesity induction influences the development of OVA-induced airway obstruction and OVA-induced pulmonary inflammation, we examined indices of these sequelae in mice obese as a result of a genetic deficiency in carboxypeptidase E, an enzyme that processes prohormones and proneuropeptides involved in satiety and energy expenditure (Cpe(fat) mice). Accordingly, Cpe(fat) and lean, wild-type (C57BL/6) mice were sensitized to OVA and then challenged with either aerosolized PBS or OVA. Compared with genotype-matched, OVA-sensitized and PBS-challenged mice, OVA sensitization and challenge elicited airway obstruction and increased BALF eosinophils, macrophages, neutrophils, IL-4, IL-13, IL-18, and chemerin. However, OVA challenge enhanced airway obstruction and pulmonary inflammation in Cpe(fat) compared with wild-type mice. These results demonstrate that OVA sensitization and challenge enhance airway obstruction in obese mice regardless of the genetic basis of obesity, whereas the degree of OVA-induced pulmonary inflammation is dependent on the genetic modality of obesity induction. These results have important implications for animal models of asthma, as modeling the pulmonary phenotypes for subpopulations of atopic, obese asthmatics critically depends on selecting the appropriate mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul H Dahm
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jeremy B Richards
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Harry Karmouty-Quintana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Kevin R Cromar
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York
| | - Sanjiv Sur
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston School of Medicine, Galveston, Texas
| | - Roger E Price
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, Center for Comparative Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Farhan Malik
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Chantal Y Spencer
- Pediatric Pulmonary Section, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Ramon X Barreno
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Syed S Hashmi
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael R Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Ikram U Haque
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Richard A Johnston
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas; Pediatric Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Santos LMO, Cervilha DADB, Cabral LDM, Garcia ÉKI, Teixeira VP, Brito JM, Moriya HT, Soncini R. Bronchial responsiveness in an elastase-induced mouse model of emphysema. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2014; 194:9-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aloyouni SY, Segeritz CP, Sherrid AM, Gold MJ, Loeffler DIM, Blanchet MR, Cai B, Hirota J, McNagny KM, Kollmann TR. Perinatal Immunization With Vaccine-Grade Listeria monocytogenes Provides Protection Against Murine Th2 Airway Inflammation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 6:341-9. [PMID: 24991458 PMCID: PMC4077961 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2014.6.4.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder that leads to inflammation and narrowing of the airways. Its global prevalence has attained epidemic levels and treatment options that reach beyond temporary relief of symptoms are urgently needed. Since the processes leading to clinically symptomatic asthma start early in life, we set out to systematically evaluate a neonatal immunotherapeutic based on Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) for the control of allergic sensitization. Methods We modified Lm to express the model allergen, ovalbumin (OVA), and tested the ability of neonatal immunization with this strain to control allergic sensitization in a mouse model of OVA-induced asthma. Mice were immunized as newborns with live or heat killed LmOVA or live Lm, followed 6 weeks later by allergic sensitization with OVA. In order to determine whether the TH1-polarizing effect of this vaccine vector inadvertently may exacerbate development of certain TH1-driven allergic diseases, mice immunized as newborns were assessed in a model of adult hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Results Both LmOVA and Lm-control vaccines were highly effective in providing long-lasting protection from airway inflammation after only one immunization given perinatally. Serum antibody levels and lung cytokine production suggest that this prophylactic strategy is associated with an allergen specific TH1-dominated response. Specifically, LmOVA vaccinated mice displayed significantly elevated OVA-specific serum IgG2a, but no difference in anti-OVA IgE antibodies and only slightly decreased anti-OVA IgG1 antibodies. Importantly, Lm-based neonatal vaccination did not exacerbate Th1/Th17 driven HP, arguing against broad spectrum immune skewing. Conclusions Our findings highlight the promise of early life Lm-based immunomodulatory interventions as a prophylactic strategy for allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheka Yagub Aloyouni
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ashley M Sherrid
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Gold
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniela I M Loeffler
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie-Renée Blanchet
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Bing Cai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jeremy Hirota
- University of British Columbia James Hogg Research Centre-Heart and Lung Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. ; Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- The Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tobias R Kollmann
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Division of Infectious & Immunological Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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van der Velden JLJ, Hoffman SM, Alcorn JF, Tully JE, Chapman DG, Lahue KG, Guala AS, Lundblad LKA, Aliyeva M, Daphtary N, Irvin CG, Janssen-Heininger YMW. Absence of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase 1 protects against house dust mite-induced pulmonary remodeling but not airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L866-75. [PMID: 24610935 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00153.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic allergic asthma leads to airway remodeling and subepithelial fibrosis via mechanisms not fully understood. Airway remodeling is amplified by profibrotic mediators, such as transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which plays a cardinal role in various models of fibrosis. We recently have identified a critical role for c-Jun-NH2-terminal-kinase (JNK) 1 in augmenting the profibrotic effects of TGF-β1, linked to epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of airway epithelial cells. To examine the role of JNK1 in house dust mite (HDM)-induced airway remodeling, we induced allergic airway inflammation in wild-type (WT) and JNK1-/- mice by intranasal administration of HDM extract. WT and JNK1-/- mice were sensitized with intranasal aspirations of HDM extract for 15 days over 3 wk. HDM caused similar increases in airway hyperresponsiveness, mucus metaplasia, and airway inflammation in WT and JNK1-/- mice. In addition, the profibrotic cytokine TGF-β1 and phosphorylation of Smad3 were equally increased in WT and JNK1-/- mice. In contrast, increases in collagen content in lung tissue induced by HDM were significantly attenuated in JNK1-/- mice compared with WT controls. Furthermore HDM-induced increases of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) protein and mRNA expression as well as the mesenchymal markers high-mobility group AT-hook 2 and collagen1A1 in WT mice were attenuated in JNK1-/- mice. The let-7 family of microRNAs has previously been linked to fibrosis. HDM exposure in WT mice and primary lung epithelial cells resulted in striking decreases in let-7g miRNA that were not observed in mice or primary lung epithelial cells lacking JNK1-/- mice. Overexpression of let-7g in lung epithelial cells reversed the HDM-induced increases in α-SMA. Collectively, these findings demonstrate an important requirement for JNK1 in promoting HDM-induced fibrotic airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos L J van der Velden
- Dept. of Pathology, Univ. of Vermont Health Sciences Research Facility, Rm. 216A Burlington, VT 05405. )
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Bates JHT, Irvin CG, Farré R, Hantos Z. Oscillation mechanics of the respiratory system. Compr Physiol 2013; 1:1233-72. [PMID: 23733641 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical impedance of the respiratory system defines the pressure profile required to drive a unit of oscillatory flow into the lungs. Impedance is a function of oscillation frequency, and is measured using the forced oscillation technique. Digital signal processing methods, most notably the Fourier transform, are used to calculate impedance from measured oscillatory pressures and flows. Impedance is a complex function of frequency, having both real and imaginary parts that vary with frequency in ways that can be used empirically to distinguish normal lung function from a variety of different pathologies. The most useful diagnostic information is gained when anatomically based mathematical models are fit to measurements of impedance. The simplest such model consists of a single flow-resistive conduit connecting to a single elastic compartment. Models of greater complexity may have two or more compartments, and provide more accurate fits to impedance measurements over a variety of different frequency ranges. The model that currently enjoys the widest application in studies of animal models of lung disease consists of a single airway serving an alveolar compartment comprising tissue with a constant-phase impedance. This model has been shown to fit very accurately to a wide range of impedance data, yet contains only four free parameters, and as such is highly parsimonious. The measurement of impedance in human patients is also now rapidly gaining acceptance, and promises to provide a more comprehensible assessment of lung function than parameters derived from conventional spirometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H T Bates
- Vermont Lung Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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38
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Li S, Aliyeva M, Daphtary N, Martin RA, Poynter ME, Kostin SF, van der Velden JL, Hyman AM, Stevenson CS, Phillips JE, Lundblad LKA. Antigen-induced mast cell expansion and bronchoconstriction in a mouse model of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 306:L196-206. [PMID: 24285269 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00055.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung mastocytosis and antigen-induced bronchoconstriction are common features in allergic asthmatics. It is therefore important that animal models of asthma show similar features of mast cell inflammation and reactivity to inhaled allergen. We hypothesized that house dust mite (HDM) would induce mastocytosis in the lung and that inhalation of HDM would trigger bronchoconstriction. Mice were sensitized with intranasal HDM extract, and the acute response to nebulized HDM or the mast cell degranulating compound 48/80 was measured with respiratory input impedance. Using the constant-phase model we calculated Newtonian resistance (Rn) reflecting the conducting airways, tissue dampening (G), and lung elastance (H). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was analyzed for mouse mast cell protease-1 (mMCP-1). Lung tissue was analyzed for cytokines, histamine, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and histological slides were stained for mast cells. HDM significantly increased Rn but H and G remained unchanged. HDM significantly expanded mast cells compared with control mice; at the same time mMCP-1, α-SMA, Th2 cytokines, and histamine were significantly increased. Compound 48/80 inhalation caused bronchoconstriction and mMCP-1 elevation similarly to HDM inhalation. Bronchoconstriction was eliminated in mast cell-deficient mice. We found that antigen-induced acute bronchoconstriction has a distinct phenotype in mice. HDM sensitization caused lung mastocytosis, and we conclude that inhalation of HDM caused degranulation of mast cells leading to an acute bronchoconstriction without affecting the lung periphery and that mast cell-derived mediators are responsible for the development of the HDM-induced bronchoconstriction in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Li
- Dept. of Medicine, The Univ. of Vermont, Vermont Lung Center, HSRF, Rm. 230, 149 Beaumont Ave., Burlington, VT 05405-0075.
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Bates JHT. Of course respiratory mechanics are related to airway inflammation in asthma! The more difficult question is "Why?". Clin Exp Allergy 2013; 43:488-90. [PMID: 23600538 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Chen J, Mo Y, Schlueter CF, Hoyle GW. Inhibition of chlorine-induced pulmonary inflammation and edema by mometasone and budesonide. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:408-13. [PMID: 23800689 PMCID: PMC4005342 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine gas is a widely used industrial compound that is highly toxic by inhalation and is considered a chemical threat agent. Inhalation of high levels of chlorine results in acute lung injury characterized by pneumonitis, pulmonary edema, and decrements in lung function. Because inflammatory processes can promote damage in the injured lung, anti-inflammatory therapy may be of potential benefit for treating chemical-induced acute lung injury. We previously developed a chlorine inhalation model in which mice develop epithelial injury, neutrophilic inflammation, pulmonary edema, and impaired pulmonary function. This model was used to evaluate nine corticosteroids for the ability to inhibit chlorine-induced neutrophilic inflammation. Two of the most potent corticosteroids in this assay, mometasone and budesonide, were investigated further. Mometasone or budesonide administered intraperitoneally 1h after chlorine inhalation caused a dose-dependent inhibition of neutrophil influx in lung tissue sections and in the number of neutrophils in lung lavage fluid. Budesonide, but not mometasone, reduced the levels of the neutrophil attractant CXCL1 in lavage fluid 6h after exposure. Mometasone or budesonide also significantly inhibited pulmonary edema assessed 1 day after chlorine exposure. Chlorine inhalation resulted in airway hyperreactivity to inhaled methacholine, but neither mometasone nor budesonide significantly affected this parameter. The results suggest that mometasone and budesonide may represent potential treatments for chemical-induced lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Yiqun Mo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Connie F. Schlueter
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gary W. Hoyle
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Fogli LK, Sundrud MS, Goel S, Bajwa S, Jensen K, Derudder E, Sun A, Coffre M, Uyttenhove C, Van Snick J, Schmidt-Supprian M, Rao A, Grunig G, Durbin J, Casola S, Casola SS, Rajewsky K, Koralov SB. T cell-derived IL-17 mediates epithelial changes in the airway and drives pulmonary neutrophilia. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:3100-11. [PMID: 23966625 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Th17 cells are a proinflammatory subset of effector T cells that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. Their production of the cytokine IL-17 is known to induce local recruitment of neutrophils, but the direct impact of IL-17 on the lung epithelium is poorly understood. In this study, we describe a novel mouse model of spontaneous IL-17-driven lung inflammation that exhibits many similarities to asthma in humans. We have found that STAT3 hyperactivity in T lymphocytes causes an expansion of Th17 cells, which home preferentially to the lungs. IL-17 secretion then leads to neutrophil infiltration and lung epithelial changes, in turn leading to a chronic inflammatory state with increased mucus production and decreased lung function. We used this model to investigate the effects of IL-17 activity on airway epithelium and identified CXCL5 and MIP-2 as important factors in neutrophil recruitment. The neutralization of IL-17 greatly reduces pulmonary neutrophilia, underscoring a key role for IL-17 in promoting chronic airway inflammation. These findings emphasize the role of IL-17 in mediating neutrophil-driven pulmonary inflammation and highlight a new mouse model that may be used for the development of novel therapies targeting Th17 cells in asthma and other chronic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura K Fogli
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Walker JKL, Kraft M, Fisher JT. Assessment of murine lung mechanics outcome measures: alignment with those made in asthmatics. Front Physiol 2013; 3:491. [PMID: 23408785 PMCID: PMC3569663 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although asthma is characterized as an inflammatory disease, recent reports highlight the importance of pulmonary physiology outcome measures to the clinical assessment of asthma control and risk of asthma exacerbation. Murine models of allergic inflammatory airway disease have been widely used to gain mechanistic insight into the pathogenesis of asthma; however, several aspects of murine models could benefit from improvement. This review focuses on aligning lung mechanics measures made in mice with those made in humans, with an eye toward improving the translational utility of these measures. A brief description of techniques available to measure murine lung mechanics is provided along with a methodological consideration of their utilization. How murine lung mechanics outcome measures relate to pulmonary physiology measures conducted in humans is discussed and we recommend that, like human studies, outcome measures be standardized for murine models of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K L Walker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
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43
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Larcombe AN, Zosky GR, Thamrin C, Bozanich EM, Hantos Z, Sly PD. Factors influencing the assessment of lung function in mice with influenza-induced lung disease. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2012; 7:889-94. [PMID: 23134074 PMCID: PMC4634292 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Please cite this paper as: Larcombe et al. (2012) Factors influencing the assessment of lung function in mice with influenza‐induced lung disease. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses DOI: 10.1111/irv.12034. Background The constant‐phase model (CPM) is commonly fit to respiratory system input impedance (Zrs) to estimate lung mechanics. Driving signal frequencies and the method of model fitting may influence the results, especially in cases of severe lung disease or under severe bronchoconstriction. Objective To illustrate the effects of different CPM fits to Zrs data using a mouse model of influenza‐induced lung disease. Methods BALB/c mice infected with influenza (or control) were challenged with methacholine. The CPM was fitted to Zrs, measured between 0·25 and 19·625 Hz, using both unweighted and weighted fits. The effect of different lowest frequencies was assessed. Results and Conclusions For influenza‐infected mice, the unweighted fit was poor, and airway resistance (Raw) was often biologically impossible. The weighted fit provided more realistic estimates of Raw. Different model fits and minimal frequencies had little effect on tissue mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander N Larcombe
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Telethon Institute for Child Health Research & Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.Airway Physiology/Imaging Research Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Corticosteroid treatment inhibits airway hyperresponsiveness and lung injury in a murine model of chemical-induced airway inflammation. Toxicology 2012; 301:66-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Penton PC, Wang X, Amatullah H, Cooper J, Godri K, North ML, Khanna N, Scott JA, Chow CW. Spleen tyrosine kinase inhibition attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness and pollution-induced enhanced airway response in a chronic mouse model of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012; 131:512-20.e1-10. [PMID: 22981792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR), reversible airflow obstruction, airway remodeling, and episodic exacerbations caused by air pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM; PM <2.5 μm in diameter [PM(2.5)]) and ozone (O(3)). Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk), an immunoregulatory kinase, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. OBJECTIVE We sought to evaluate the effect of Syk inhibition on AHR in a chronic mouse model of allergic airways inflammation and pollutant exposure. METHODS We used a 12-week chronic ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge mouse model of airways inflammation followed by exposure to PM(2.5) plus O(3). Respiratory mechanics and methacholine (MCh) responsiveness were assessed by using the flexiVent system. The Syk inhibitor NVP-QAB-205 was nebulized intratracheally by using a treatment-based protocol 15 minutes before assessment of MCh responsiveness. RESULTS Syk expression increased significantly in the airway epithelia of OVA-sensitized and OVA-challenged (OVA/OVA) mice compared with OVA-sensitized but PBS-challenged (OVA/PBS) control mice. OVA/OVA mice exhibited AHR to MCh, which was attenuated by a single administration of NVP-QAB-205 (0.3 and 3 mg/kg). PM(2.5) plus O(3) significantly augmented AHR to MCh in the OVA/OVA mice, which was abrogated by NVP-QAB-205. Total inflammatory cell counts were significantly higher in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from OVA/OVA than OVA/PBS mice and were unaffected by PM(2.5) plus O(3) or NVP-QAB-205. CONCLUSION NVP-QAB-205 reduced AHR and the enhanced response to PM(2.5) plus O(3) to normal levels in an established model of chronic allergic airways inflammation, suggesting that Syk inhibitors have promise as a therapy for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Castellanos Penton
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hadden H, Soldin SJ, Massaro D. Circadian disruption alters mouse lung clock gene expression and lung mechanics. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 113:385-92. [PMID: 22678966 PMCID: PMC3426166 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00244.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Most aspects of human physiology and behavior exhibit 24-h rhythms driven by a master circadian clock in the brain, which synchronizes peripheral clocks. Lung function and ventilation are subject to circadian regulation and exhibit circadian oscillations. Sleep disruption, which causes circadian disruption, is common in those with chronic lung disease, and in the general population; however, little is known about the effect on the lung of circadian disruption. We tested the hypothesis circadian disruption alters expression of clock genes in the lung and that this is associated with altered lung mechanics. Female and male mice were maintained on a 12:12-h light/dark cycle (control) or exposed for 4 wk to a shifting light regimen mimicking chronic jet lag (CJL). Airway resistance (Rn), tissue damping (G), and tissue elastance (H) did not differ between control and CJL females. Rn at positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 2 and 3 cmH(2)O was lower in CJL males compared with controls. G, H, and G/H did not differ between CJL and control males. Among CJL females, expression of clock genes, Bmal1 and Rev-erb alpha, was decreased; expression of their repressors, Per2 and Cry 2, was increased. Among CJL males, expression of Clock was decreased; Per 2 and Rev-erb alpha expression was increased. We conclude circadian disruption alters lung mechanics and clock gene expression and does so in a sexually dimorphic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Hadden
- Lung Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Role of the adiponectin binding protein, T-cadherin (Cdh13), in allergic airways responses in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41088. [PMID: 22815927 PMCID: PMC3398886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipose derived hormone that declines in obesity. We have previously shown that exogenous administration of adiponectin reduces allergic airways responses in mice. T-cadherin (T-cad; Cdh13) is a binding protein for the high molecular weight isoforms of adiponectin. To determine whether the beneficial effects of adiponectin on allergic airways responses require T-cad, we sensitized wildtype (WT), T-cadherin deficient (T-cad(-/-)) and adiponectin and T-cad bideficient mice to ovalbumin (OVA) and challenged the mice with aerosolized OVA or PBS. Compared to WT, T-cad(-/-) mice were protected against OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, increases in BAL inflammatory cells, and induction of IL-13, IL-17, and eotaxin expression. Histological analysis of the lungs of OVA-challenged T-cad(-/-) versus WT mice indicated reduced inflammation around the airways, and reduced mucous cell hyperplasia. Combined adiponectin and T-cad deficiency reversed the effects of T-cad deficiency alone, indicating that the observed effects of T-cad deficiency require adiponectin. Compared to WT, serum adiponectin was markedly increased in T-cad(-/-) mice, likely because adiponectin that is normally sequestered by endothelial T-cad remains free in the circulation. In conclusion, T-cad does not mediate the protective effects of adiponectin. Instead, mice lacking T-cad have reduced allergic airways disease, likely because elevated serum adiponectin levels act on other adiponectin signaling pathways.
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Chang W, Chen J, Schlueter CF, Rando RJ, Pathak YV, Hoyle GW. Inhibition of chlorine-induced lung injury by the type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2012; 263:251-8. [PMID: 22763362 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2012] [Revised: 06/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chlorine is a highly toxic respiratory irritant that when inhaled causes epithelial cell injury, alveolar-capillary barrier disruption, airway hyperreactivity, inflammation, and pulmonary edema. Chlorine is considered a chemical threat agent, and its release through accidental or intentional means has the potential to result in mass casualties from acute lung injury. The type 4 phosphodiesterase inhibitor rolipram was investigated as a rescue treatment for chlorine-induced lung injury. Rolipram inhibits degradation of the intracellular signaling molecule cyclic AMP. Potential beneficial effects of increased cyclic AMP levels include inhibition of pulmonary edema, inflammation, and airway hyperreactivity. Mice were exposed to chlorine (whole body exposure, 228-270 ppm for 1 h) and were treated with rolipram by intraperitoneal, intranasal, or intramuscular (either aqueous or nanoemulsion formulation) delivery starting 1h after exposure. Rolipram administered intraperitoneally or intranasally inhibited chlorine-induced pulmonary edema. Minor or no effects were observed on lavage fluid IgM (indicative of plasma protein leakage), KC (Cxcl1, neutrophil chemoattractant), and neutrophils. All routes of administration inhibited chlorine-induced airway hyperreactivity assessed 1 day after exposure. The results of the study suggest that rolipram may be an effective rescue treatment for chlorine-induced lung injury and that both systemic and targeted administration to the respiratory tract were effective routes of delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyuan Chang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Information Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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Hanifi A, Goplen N, Matin M, Salters RE, Alam R. A linear parametric approach for analysis of mouse respiratory impedance. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS 2012; 6:287-294. [PMID: 23853150 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2011.2174456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of the lung mechanics is crucial in lung function studies. Commonly lung mechanics is achieved through measurement of the input impedance of the lung where the experimental data is ideal for the application of system identification techniques. This study proposes a new approach for investigating the severity of lung conditions and also evaluating the treatment progression. The proposed method is established based on linear parametric identification of lung input impedance in mice and is applied to normal and asthmatic models (including acute, tolerant and chronic asthma) as well as a pharmacological intervention model. Experimental findings confirm the effectiveness of the analysis technique applied here. We discuss the potential application of this method to analyses of human lung mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Hanifi
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
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Tsuchiya K, Siddiqui S, Risse PA, Hirota N, Martin JG. The presence of LPS in OVA inhalations affects airway inflammation and AHR but not remodeling in a rodent model of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2012; 303:L54-63. [PMID: 22523281 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00208.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovalbumin (OVA) is the most frequently used allergen in animal models of asthma. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contaminating commercial OVA may modulate the evoked airway inflammatory response to OVA. However, the effect of LPS in OVA on airway remodeling, especially airway smooth muscle (ASM) has not been evaluated. We hypothesized that LPS in commercial OVA may enhance allergen-induced airway inflammation and remodeling. Brown Norway rats were sensitized with OVA on day 0. PBS, OVA, or endotoxin-free OVA (Ef-OVA) was instilled intratracheally on days 14, 19, 24. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, lung, and intrathoracic lymph node tissues were collected 48 h after the last challenge. Immunohistochemistry for α-smooth muscle actin, Periodic-Acid-Schiff staining, and real-time qPCR were performed. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was also measured. BAL fluid macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes were increased in OVA-challenged animals, and macrophages and neutrophils were significantly lower in Ef-OVA-challenged animals. The ASM area in larger airways was significantly increased in both OVA and Ef-OVA compared with PBS-challenged animals. The mRNA expression of IFN-γ and IL-13 in lung tissues and IL-4 in lymph nodes was significantly increased by both OVA and Ef-OVA compared with PBS and were not significantly different between OVA and Ef-OVA. Monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 in BAL fluid and AHR were significantly increased in OVA but not in Ef-OVA. LPS contamination in OVA contributes to the influx of macrophages and MCP-1 increase in the airways and to AHR after OVA challenges but does not affect OVA-induced Th1 and Th2 cytokine expression, goblet cell hyperplasia, and ASM remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimitake Tsuchiya
- Meakins Christie Laboratories, 3626 St Urbain, Montreal, Québec, Canada, H2X 2P2
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