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Macêdo PRS, Macêdo SGGF, Velez MP, Câmara SMA. Menopause hormone therapy and physical performance: The Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Maturitas 2024; 184:107959. [PMID: 38430617 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between menopause hormone therapy (MHT) and physical performance among women from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study of 12,506 postmenopausal Canadian women. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Grip strength (kg), gait speed (m/s), timed up and go (s), chair rise (s), and balance (s) were assessed following standard procedures. The association between MHT and physical performance was evaluated using linear regression models adjusted for age, education, study site, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, diabetes, hypertension, and hysterectomy. Sensitivity analyses were conducted according to age at study visit (<65 vs. ≥65 years), body mass index (<25 kg/m2 vs. ≥25 kg/m2), physical activity level (less vs. more active), duration and type of MHT, and time of starting MHT after menopause. RESULTS Compared with those who never used MHT, prior or current use was associated with better performance on the timed up and go test (β: -0.19; 95%CI: -0.28; -0.11) and faster gait speed (β = 0.01, 95%CI = 0.00; 0.02). No association was found for grip strength, balance, and chair rise. Results did not change by body mass index, physical activity, or duration of MHT use. When stratified by age at study visit, the effect remained significant only in among those aged 65 years or more. Starting MHT <5 years after menopause was associated with better physical performance. CONCLUSIONS MHT was associated with better physical performance in gait speed and timed up and go tests. The cross-sectional design of the study limits causal interpretation. Prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro R S Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário - Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina G G F Macêdo
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário - Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil.
| | - Maria P Velez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Victory 4, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada.
| | - Saionara M A Câmara
- Postgraduate Program in Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Campus Universitário - Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59078-970 Natal, RN, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Victory 4, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2V7, Canada.
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Andrea Stefano M, Salerno M, Mondini Trissino da Lodi C, Gonalba GC, Candrian C, Filardo G. The influence of sex is a neglected focus in rotator cuff repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2024. [PMID: 38678392 DOI: 10.1002/ksa.12201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rotator cuff (RC) disorders are the most common cause of shoulder disability. The aim of this study was to quantify the evidence on the sex-related differences in RC repair. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was performed in January 2023 in PubMed, Wiley Cochrane Library and Web of Science on research articles on humans with RC tears treated surgically. A meta-analysis was performed to compare results in men and women. The Downs and Black score and the modified Coleman methodology score (MCMS) were used to assess the retrieved studies. RESULTS A total of 39,909 patients were enroled in the 401 studies analysed (45% women, 55% men). A trend toward more sex-balanced recruitment was observed over time. Only 4% of the studies on 1.5% of the documented patients presented disaggregated outcome data and were quantitatively analysed. A tendency for lower range of motion values after surgery was found for external shoulder rotation in women, with 39.9° ± 6.9° versus 45.3° ± 4.1° in men (p = 0.066). According to Downs and Black scores, four studies were good and 12 fair, with a main MCMS score of 69/100. CONCLUSION There is a lack of awareness on the importance to document women- and men-specific data. Only 4% of the articles disaggregated data, and it was possible to analyse only 1.5% of the literature population, a sample which cannot be considered representative of all patients. The lack of disaggregated data is alarming and calls for action to better study men and women differences to optimise the management of RC tears. This will be necessary to provide sex-specific information that could be of clinical relevance when managing RC repair. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuela Salerno
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Christian Candrian
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Service of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgery, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Applied and Translational Research Center, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Chaikittisilpa S, Orprayoon N, Vallibhakara O, Vallibhakara SAO, Tanmahasamut P, Somboonporn W, Rattanachaiyanont M, Techatraisak K, Jaisamrarn U. Summary of the 2023 Thai Menopause Society Clinical Practice Guideline on Menopausal Hormone Therapy. J Menopausal Med 2024; 30:24-36. [PMID: 38714491 PMCID: PMC11103073 DOI: 10.6118/jmm.24006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The Thai Menopause Society is an academic organization consisting of healthcare professionals engaged in menopause medicine. The position statement was first issued in 1994 and updated in 2003 and 2023. Herein, we reviewed the important updates of the 2023 position statement on menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) as an international reference for healthcare professionals in Thailand. An advisory panel of clinicians and research experts in the field of menopause reviewed the recommendation of published International Consensus Statements and updated the evidence using the MEDLINE database through PubMed. The evidence-based information and relevant publications were assessed, and a consensus on recommendations was subsequently achieved using the level of evidence to determine the recommendation strength and evidence quality. MHT remains the most effective treatment for vasomotor symptoms and genitourinary syndromes of menopause even after 20 years. Additionally, it is effective in preventing bone loss and fractures in postmenopausal women. The cardiovascular risk of MHT increased in women who initiated MHT after 60 years of age. Hormone therapy should be individualized following the hormone type, dose, administration route, use duration, and progestogen inclusion. The necessary pretreatment evaluation and appropriate follow-up recommendations were added for improved MHT standard care. The updated 2023 Clinical Practice Guideline on MHT is useful for gynecologists, general physicians, endocrinologists, and other healthcare professionals in treating menopausal women receiving hormone therapy in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Chaikittisilpa
- Center of Excellence in Menopause and Aging Women Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Nalina Orprayoon
- Center of Excellence in Menopause and Aging Women Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Orawin Vallibhakara
- Menopause Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Sakda Arj-Ong Vallibhakara
- Child Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center (CSIP), and Safe Kids Thailand, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Prasong Tanmahasamut
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Woraluk Somboonporn
- Reproductive Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Manee Rattanachaiyanont
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kitirat Techatraisak
- Gynecologic Endocrinology Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Unnop Jaisamrarn
- Center of Excellence in Menopause and Aging Women Health, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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4
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Liu JH. Sarcopenia and menopause. Menopause 2023; 30:119-120. [PMID: 36574637 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James H Liu
- From the Case Western Reserve School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
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5
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Mechanisms of Estrogen Influence on Skeletal Muscle: Mass, Regeneration, and Mitochondrial Function. Sports Med 2022; 52:2853-2869. [PMID: 35907119 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01733-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Human menopause is widely associated with impaired skeletal muscle quality and significant metabolic dysfunction. These observations pose significant challenges to the quality of life and mobility of the aging population, and are of relevance when considering the significantly greater losses in muscle mass and force-generating capacity of muscle from post-menopausal females relative to age-matched males. In this regard, the influence of estrogen on skeletal muscle has become evident across human, animal, and cell-based studies. Beneficial effects of estrogen have become apparent in mitigation of muscle injury and enhanced post-damage repair via various mechanisms, including prophylactic effects on muscle satellite cell number and function, as well as membrane stability and potential antioxidant influences following injury, exercise, and/or mitochondrial stress. In addition to estrogen replacement in otherwise deficient states, exercise has been found to serve as a means of augmenting and/or mimicking the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle function in recent literature. Detailed mechanisms behind the estrogenic effect on muscle mass, strength, as well as the injury response are beginning to be elucidated and point to estrogen-mediated molecular cross talk amongst signalling pathways, such as apoptotic signaling, contractile protein modifications, including myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation, and the maintenance of muscle satellite cells. This review discusses current understandings and highlights new insights regarding the role of estrogen in skeletal muscle, with particular regard to muscle mass, mitochondrial function, the response to muscle damage, and the potential implications for human physiology and mobility.
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6
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Ho KKN, Simic M, Pinheiro MB, Miller CB, Ferreira ML, Grunstein RR, Hopper JL, Ordoñana JR, Ferreira PH. Efficacy of a digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in people with low back pain: a feasibility randomized co-twin and singleton-controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:125. [PMID: 35701842 PMCID: PMC9195289 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) in people with low back pain (LBP) may be efficacious in improving both sleep and pain; and twin trial designs provide greater precision of treatment effects by accounting for genetic and early environmental factors. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a trial investigating the efficacy of a digital CBT-i program in people with comorbid symptoms of insomnia and LBP, in twins and people from the general community (singletons). Methods Thirty-two twins (16 pairs) and 66 singletons with comorbid symptoms of insomnia and LBP (> 6 weeks duration) were randomized to digital CBT-i (intervention) or educational program (control) for 6 weeks. The digital CBT-I, Sleepio (developed by Big Health Inc.), was an online interactive, automated, personalized course comprising of six sessions, once a week. The education program was six emails with general sleep information, once a week. Participants were blinded to their group allocation and offered the alternative intervention at the completion of the study. Feasibility outcomes included recruitment and follow-up rates, data collection and outcome measure completion, contamination (communication about trial interventions), acceptability (adherence), credibility, and participants’ experience of the intervention. Results Sixteen out of 722 contacted twin pairs were recruited (recruitment rate = 2.2%). Twins were recruited between September 2015 and August 2018 (35 months) and singletons between October 2017 and Aug 2018 (10 months). Follow-up rates for post-intervention and 3-month follow-up were 81% and 72% for twins and 82% and 78% for singletons respectively. Adherence rates (percentage of sessions completed out of six) for the digital CBT-i were 63% for twins and 55% for singletons. Contamination (speaking about the study to each other) was present in two twin pairs (13%). Written or verbal feedback (n = 21) regarding the digital CBT-i intervention from participants were positive (n = 11), neutral (n = 5), or negative (n = 6). Conclusions Online CBT-i was received favorably with people with comorbid symptoms of insomnia and LBP. While the online data collection was successful, strategies need to be implemented to improve adherence, follow-up, control group credibility (for digital CBT-i), and twin recruitment rates (for twin trials). Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12615000672550). Registered 29 June 2015 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01087-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K N Ho
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
| | - Milena Simic
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Marina B Pinheiro
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christopher B Miller
- Big Health Inc., San Francisco, USA.,Big Health Inc., London, UK.,Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Manuela L Ferreira
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, The Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Juan R Ordoñana
- Murcia Twin Registry, Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, University of Murcia, and IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paulo H Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Susan Wakil Health Building, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
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Guo Y, Piasecki J, Swiecicka A, Ireland A, Phillips BE, Atherton PJ, Stashuk D, Rutter MK, McPhee JS, Piasecki M. Circulating testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone are associated with individual motor unit features in untrained and highly active older men. GeroScience 2022; 44:1215-1228. [PMID: 34862585 PMCID: PMC9213614 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-021-00482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term exercise training has been considered as an effective strategy to counteract age-related hormonal declines and minimise muscle atrophy. However, human data relating circulating hormone levels with motor nerve function are scant. The aims of the study were to explore associations between circulating sex hormone levels and motor unit (MU) characteristics in older men, including masters athletes competing in endurance and power events. Forty-three older men (mean ± SD age: 69.9 ± 4.6 years) were studied based on competitive status. The serum concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), total testosterone (T) and estradiol were quantified using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Intramuscular electromyographic signals were recorded from vastus lateralis (VL) during 25% of maximum voluntary isometric contractions and processed to extract MU firing rate (FR), and motor unit potential (MUP) features. After adjusting for athletic status, MU FR was positively associated with DHEA levels (p = 0.019). Higher testosterone and estradiol were associated with lower MUP complexity; these relationships remained significant after adjusting for athletic status (p = 0.006 and p = 0.019, respectively). Circulating DHEA was positively associated with MU firing rate in these older men. Higher testosterone levels were associated with reduced MUP complexity, indicating reduced electrophysiological temporal dispersion, which is related to decreased differences in conduction times along axonal branches and/or MU fibres. Although evident in males only, this work highlights the potential of hormone administration as a therapeutic interventional strategy specifically targeting human motor units in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiao Guo
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jessica Piasecki
- Musculoskeletal Physiology Research Group, Sport, Health and Performance Enhancement Research Centre, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Agnieszka Swiecicka
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alex Ireland
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Bethan E. Phillips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Philip J. Atherton
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Daniel Stashuk
- Department of Systems Design Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON Canada
| | - Martin K. Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie S. McPhee
- Department of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
| | - Mathew Piasecki
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and NIHR Nottingham BRC, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Peng X, Hou L, Zhao Y, Lin T, Wang H, Gao L, Yue J. Frailty and testosterone level in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Geriatr Med 2022; 13:663-673. [PMID: 35107811 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-022-00614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the relationship between total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), or sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and frailty in older adults. METHODS We systematically searched nine databases (e.g. MEDLINE, Embase, ACP Journal Club, and the Cochrane library et al.) for papers on frailty and androgen levels published up to October 10, 2021. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) for the relationship between testosterone level and frailty by performing meta-analysis. RESULTS The search strategy yielded 311 hits in all databases combined. Eleven (seven cross-sectional studies and four cohort studies) met the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Among cross-sectional studies, meta-analysis revealed a significant association between TT and frailty in men (OR = 1.37 [95% CI 1.09, 1.72]) not women (OR = 1.06 [0.84, 1.34]). The fT was also significantly association with frailty in men (OR = 1.55 [1.06, 2.25] not women (OR = 1.35 [0.91, 2.01]). Cohort studies showed the same result in TT (OR = 1.09 [1.02, 1.18]) and fT (OR = 1.15 [1.02, 1.30]) for men. We did not find a significant association between SHBG and frailty. CONCLUSION The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that TT and fT were significantly associated with frailty in older men but not women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchao Peng
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lisha Hou
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Taiping Lin
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Langli Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jirong Yue
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Xiang, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Oxfeldt M, Dalgaard LB, Farup J, Hansen M. Sex Hormones and Satellite Cell Regulation in Women. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9065923. [PMID: 38655160 PMCID: PMC11022763 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9065923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent years have seen growing scholarly interest in female physiology in general. Moreover, particular attention has been devoted to how concentrations of female sex hormones vary during the menstrual cycle and menopausal transition and how hormonal contraception and hormonal therapy influence skeletal muscle tissue. While much effort has been paid to macro outcomes, such as muscle function or mass, rather less attention has been paid to mechanistic work that may help explain the underlying mechanism through which sex hormones regulate skeletal muscle tissue. Evidence from animal studies shows a strong relationship between the female sex hormone estrogen and satellite cells (SCs), a population of muscle stem cells involved in skeletal muscle regulation. A few human studies investigating this relationship have been published only recently. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bring an updated review on female sex hormones and their role in SC regulation. First, we describe how SCs regulate skeletal muscle maintenance and repair and introduce sex hormone signaling within the muscle. Second, we present evidence from animal studies elucidating how estrogen deficiency and supplementation influence SCs. Third, we present results from investigations from human trials including women whose concentrations of female hormones differ due to menopause, hormone therapy, hormonal contraceptives, and the menstrual cycle. Finally, we discuss research and methodological recommendations for future studies aiming at elucidating the link between female sex hormones and SCs with respect to aging and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Oxfeldt
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jean Farup
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Cho EJ, Choi Y, Jung SJ, Kwak HB. Role of exercise in estrogen deficiency-induced sarcopenia. J Exerc Rehabil 2022; 18:2-9. [PMID: 35356136 PMCID: PMC8934617 DOI: 10.12965/jer.2244004.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A decline in estrogen levels during menopause is associated with the loss of muscle mass and function, and it can accelerate sarcopenia. However, with the growing number of postmenopausal women due to the increase in life expectancy, the effects of estrogen on skeletal muscle are not completely understood. This article reviews the relationship between estrogen deficiency and skeletal muscle, its potential mechanisms, including those involving mitochondria, and the effects of exercise on estrogen deficiency-induced skeletal muscle impairment. In particular, mitochondrial dysfunction induced by estrogen deficiency accelerates sarcopenia via mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy, and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis. It is well known that exercise training is essential for health, including for the improvement of sarcopenia. This review highlights the importance of exercise training (aerobic and resistance exercise) as a therapeutic intervention against estrogen deficiency-induced sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jeong Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Youngju Choi
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon,
Korea
| | - Su-Jeen Jung
- Department of Leisure Sports, Seoil University, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon,
Korea
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence, Inha University, Incheon,
Korea
- Corresponding author: Hyo-Bum Kwak, Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering Inha University, 100 Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Korea,
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El-Shafei MA, Yousef AM, Hamada HA, Mohamed MF, Al-Shenqiti AM, Koura GMR, López Sánchez GF. Effect of Low Versus High-Heeled Footwear on Spinopelvic Alignment at Different Phases of Menstrual Cycle in Young Adult Women: A Biopsychosocial Perspective. Front Psychol 2021; 12:792446. [PMID: 34899545 PMCID: PMC8651554 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.792446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-heeled shoes adversely affect spinal curvature, increase the risk of low back pain, and disturb the normal gait pattern. The purpose of this study was to examine, from a biopsychosocial point of view, the combined effect of wearing two different heel heights and of hormonal oscillation throughout different phases of the menstrual cycle on spinopelvic alignment. Notably, 70 females with an average age of 20.42 ± 1.51 years participated in this study, wearing each female two different heel heights as follows: low (2.5 cm) and high (7 cm). Spinopelvic alignment was evaluated by rasterstereography formetric 3D analysis during early follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) on spinopelvic alignment [kyphotic angle (KA), trunk inclination (TI), and pelvic inclination] between wearing low- or high-heeled shoes during early follicular, ovulatory, and mid-luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Considering that high-heeled shoes are traditionally associated with femininity, body image, beauty, and charm, this research has important biopsychosocial implications that should be explored in detail in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal A. El-Shafei
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women’s Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amel M. Yousef
- Department of Physical Therapy for Women’s Health, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hamada A. Hamada
- Department of Biomechanics, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F. Mohamed
- Consultant of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Om El Masryeen Hospital, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Ghada M. R. Koura
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Disorder and Its Surgery, Faculty of Physical Therapy, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Guillermo F. López Sánchez
- Faculty of Health, Education, Medicine and Social Care, School of Medicine, Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Haller PM, Gyöngyösi M, Chacon-Alberty L, Hochman-Mendez C, Sampaio LC, Taylor DA. Sex-Based Differences in Autologous Cell Therapy Trials in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Subanalysis of the ACCRUE Database. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:664277. [PMID: 34124198 PMCID: PMC8187782 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.664277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sex-based differences are under-studied in cardiovascular trials as women are commonly underrepresented in dual sex studies, even though major sex-based differences in epidemiology, pathophysiology, and outcomes of cardiovascular disease have been reported. We examined sex-based differences in patient characteristics, outcome, and BM-CD34+ frequency of the ACCRUE (Meta-Analysis of Cell-based CaRdiac studies) database involving patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) randomized to autologous cell-based or control treatment. Methods: We compared baseline characteristics and 1-year follow-up clinical data: composite major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (primary endpoint), and changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end-diastolic (EDV), and end-systolic volumes (ESV) (secondary efficacy endpoint) in women and men (N = 1,252; 81.4% men). Secondary safety endpoints included freedom from hard clinical endpoints. Results: In cell-treated groups, women but not men had a lower frequency of stroke, AMI, and mortality than controls. The frequency of BM-CD34+ cells was significantly correlated with baseline EDV and ESV and negatively correlated with baseline LVEF in both sexes; a left shift in regression curve in women indicated a smaller EDV and ESV was associated with higher BM-CD34+ cells in women. Conclusions: Sex differences were found in baseline cardiovascular risk factors and cardiac function and in outcome responses to cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Haller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Luiz C Sampaio
- Department of Advanced Cardiopulmonary Therapies and Transplantation, University of Texas (UT) Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Doris A Taylor
- Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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13
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Sillanpää E, Heikkinen A, Kankaanpää A, Paavilainen A, Kujala UM, Tammelin TH, Kovanen V, Sipilä S, Pietiläinen KH, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M, Laakkonen EK. Blood and skeletal muscle ageing determined by epigenetic clocks and their associations with physical activity and functioning. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:110. [PMID: 34001218 PMCID: PMC8127311 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the correspondence of different biological ageing estimates (i.e. epigenetic age) in blood and muscle tissue and their associations with physical activity (PA), physical function and body composition. Two independent cohorts (N = 139 and N = 47) were included, whose age span covered adulthood (23–69 years). Whole blood and m. vastus lateralis samples were collected, and DNA methylation was analysed. Four different DNA methylation age (DNAmAge) estimates were calculated using genome-wide methylation data and publicly available online tools. A novel muscle-specific methylation age was estimated using the R-package ‘MEAT’. PA was measured with questionnaires and accelerometers. Several tests were conducted to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness and muscle strength. Body composition was estimated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DNAmAge estimates from blood and muscle were highly correlated with chronological age, but different age acceleration estimates were weakly associated with each other. The monozygotic twin within-pair similarity of ageing pace was higher in blood (r = 0.617–0.824) than in muscle (r = 0.523–0.585). Associations of age acceleration estimates with PA, physical function and body composition were weak in both tissues and mostly explained by smoking and sex. The muscle-specific epigenetic clock MEAT was developed to predict chronological age, which may explain why it did not associate with functional phenotypes. The Horvath’s clock and GrimAge were weakly associated with PA and related phenotypes, suggesting that higher PA would be linked to accelerated biological ageing in muscle. This may, however, be more reflective of the low capacity of epigenetic clock algorithms to measure functional muscle ageing than of actual age acceleration. Based on our results, the investigated epigenetic clocks have rather low value in estimating muscle ageing with respect to the physiological adaptations that typically occur due to ageing or PA. Thus, further development of methods is needed to gain insight into muscle tissue-specific ageing and the underlying biological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aino Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Kankaanpää
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Aini Paavilainen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tuija H Tammelin
- LIKES Research Centre for Physical Activity and Health, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Obesity Center, Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
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14
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A prolonged hiatus in postmenopausal HRT, does not nullify the therapy's positive impact on ageing related sarcopenia. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250813. [PMID: 33951065 PMCID: PMC8099084 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous work suggest a positive skeletal muscle effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on skeletal muscle characteristics This study aimed to quantify any continued positive effect of HRT even after a sustained hiatus in treatment, controlling for two key muscle modulation hormones: Estradiol (E2) and Tri-iodo-thyronine (T3). Method and findings In 61 untrained women (18-78yrs) stratified as pre-menopausal, post-menopausal without (No_HRT) and post-menopausal with (Used_HRT) HRT history, body composition, physical activity, serum E2 and T3 were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry, Baecke questionnaire and ELISA. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and tibialis anterior (TA) electromyographic profiles (mean power frequency (mPowerF)), isometric plantar-flexion (PF) and dorsi-flexion (DF) maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), rate of torque development (RTD), isokinetic MVC and muscle volume, were assessed using surface electromyography, dynamometry and ultrasonography. Muscle quality was quantified as MVC per unit muscle size. E2 and E2:T3 ratio were significantly lower in postmenopausal participants, and were positively correlated with RTD even after controlling for adiposity and/or age. Pre-menopausal females had greater MVC in 8/8 PF and 2/5 DF (23.7–98.1%; P<0.001–0.049) strength measures compared to No_HRT, but only 6/8 PF (17.4–42.3%; P<0.001–0.046) strength measures compared to Used_HRT. Notably, Used_HRT had significant higher MVC in 7 PF MVC (30.0%-37.7%; P = 0.006–0.031) measures than No_HRT, while premenopausal and Used_HRT had similar uncorrected muscle size or quality. In addition, this cross-sectional data suggest an annual reduction in GM muscle volume corrected for intra-muscular fat by 1.3% in No_HRT and only 0.5% in Used_HRT. Conclusion Even years after cessation of the therapy, a history of HRT is positively associated with negating the expected post-menopausal drop in muscle quantity and quality. Whilst mPowerF did not differ between groups, our work highlights positive associations between RTD against E2 and E2:T3. Notwithstanding our study limitation of single time point for blood sampling, our work is the first to illustrate an HRT attenuation of ageing-related decline in RTD. We infer from these data that high E2, even in the absence of high T3, may help maintain muscle contractile speed and quality. Thus our work is the first to points to markedly larger physiological reserves in women with a past history of HRT.
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15
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Estradiol deficiency and skeletal muscle apoptosis: Possible contribution of microRNAs. Exp Gerontol 2021; 147:111267. [PMID: 33548486 PMCID: PMC9897888 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause leads to estradiol (E2) deficiency that is associated with decreases in muscle mass and strength. Here we studied the effect of E2 deficiency on microRNA (miR) signaling that targets apoptotic pathways. METHODS C57BL6 mice were divided into control (normal estrous cycle, n = 8), OVX (E2 deficiency, n = 7) and OVX + E2 groups (E2-pellet, n = 4). Six weeks following the OVX surgery, mice were sacrificed and RNA isolated from gastrocnemius muscles. miR-profiles were studied with Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and candidate miRs verified using qPCR. The target proteins of the miRs were found using in silico analysis and measured at mRNA (qPCR) and protein levels (Western blot). RESULTS Of the apoptosis-linked miRs present, eleven (miRs-92a-3p, 122-5p, 133a-3p, 214-3p, 337-3p, 381-3p, 483-3p, 483-5p, 491-5p, 501-5p and 652-3p) indicated differential expression between OVX and OVX + E2 mice in NGS analysis. In qPCR verification, muscle from OVX mice had lower expression of all eleven miRs compared with OVX + E2 (p < 0.050). Accordingly, OVX had higher expression of cytochrome C and caspases 6 and 9 compared with OVX + E2 at the mRNA level (p < 0.050). At the protein level, OVX also had lower anti-apoptotic BCL-W and greater pro-apoptotic cytochrome C and active caspase 9 compared with OVX + E2 (p < 0.050). CONCLUSION E2 deficiency downregulated several miRs related to apoptotic pathways thus releasing their targets from miR-mediated suppression, which may lead to increased apoptosis and contribute to reduced skeletal muscle mass.
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16
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Ko J, Park YM. Menopause and the Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass in Women. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 50:413-414. [PMID: 33748008 PMCID: PMC7956097 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i2.5362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The article's abstract is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jupil Ko
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Division of Health and Kinesiology, Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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17
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Cabelka CA, Baumann CW, Lindsay A, Norton A, Blixt NC, Le G, Warren GL, Mansky KC, Novotny SA, Lowe DA. Tissue selective effects of bazedoxifene on the musculoskeletal system in female mice. J Endocrinol 2021; 248:181-191. [PMID: 33295882 PMCID: PMC7933086 DOI: 10.1530/joe-20-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The actions of selective estrogen receptor modulators are tissue dependent. The primary objective of the current study was to determine the tissue selective effects of bazedoxifene (BZA) on the musculoskeletal system of ovariectomized (OVX) female mice, focusing on the strengths of muscle-bone pairs in the lower hindlimb. Treatment with BZA after ovariectomy (OVX+BZA) did not prevent body or fat mass gains (P < 0.05). In vivo plantarflexor muscle isometric torque was not affected by treatment with BZA (P = 0.522). Soleus muscle peak isometric, concentric and eccentric tetanic force production were greater in OVX+BZA mice compared to OVX+E2 mice (P ≤ 0.048) with no effect on maximal isometric specific force (P = 0.228). Tibia from OVX+BZA mice had greater cortical cross-sectional area and moment of inertia than OVX mice treated with placebo (P < 0.001), but there was no impact of BZA treatment on cortical bone mineral density, cortical thickness, tibial bone ultimate load or stiffness (P ≥ 0.086). Overall, these results indicate that BZA may be an estrogen receptor agonist in skeletal muscle, as it has previously been shown in bone, providing minor benefits to the musculoskeletal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A. Cabelka
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Physical Therapy, The College of St. Scholastica; 940 Woodland Ave, Suite 210, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Cory W. Baumann
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota; 420 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota; School of Dentistry, Room 16-146 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nick C. Blixt
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota; 6-160 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St.SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gengyun Le
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Gordon L. Warren
- Department of Physical Therapy, Georgia State University; P.O. Box 4019, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Kim C. Mansky
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota; School of Dentistry, Room 16-146 Moos Tower, 515 Delaware St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Susan A. Novotny
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Gillette Children’s Specialty Healthcare, 200 University Avenue East, Saint Paul, MN 55101, USA
| | - Dawn A. Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota; MMC 388, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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18
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Rocha-Rodrigues S, Sousa M, Lourenço Reis P, Leão C, Cardoso-Marinho B, Massada M, Afonso J. Bidirectional Interactions between the Menstrual Cycle, Exercise Training, and Macronutrient Intake in Women: A Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:438. [PMID: 33572821 PMCID: PMC7910908 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Women have a number of specificities that differentiate them from men. In particular, the role of sex steroid hormones and the menstrual cycle (MC) significantly impact women's physiology. The literature has shown nonlinear relationships between MC, exercise, and nutritional intake. Notably, these relationships are bidirectional and less straightforward than one would suppose. For example, the theoretical implications of the MC's phases on exercise performance do not always translate into relevant practical effects. There is often a disconnect between internal measures (e.g., levels of hormone concentrations) and external performance. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how nutritional intake varies across the MC's phases and whether these variations impact on exercise performance. Therefore, a thorough review of the existing knowledge could help in framing these complex relationships and potentially contribute to the optimization of exercise prescription and nutritional intake according to the naturally occurring phases of the MC. Throughout this review, an emerging trend is the lack of generalizability and the need to individualize interventions, since the consequences of the MC's phases and their relationships with exercise and nutritional intake seem to vary greatly from person to person. In this sense, average data are probably not relevant and could potentially be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Rocha-Rodrigues
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edifício Ciências de Desporto, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions Group, i3S, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Sousa
- Nutrition & Metabolism, NOVA Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal;
- CINTESIS, NOVA Medical School, NMS, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Lourenço Reis
- Hospital da Luz Arrábida, Luz Saúde, Praceta Henrique Moreira, 150, 4400-346 Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal;
| | - César Leão
- Escola Superior de Desporto e Lazer, Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun’Álvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal;
- Research Centre in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Quinta de Prados, Edifício Ciências de Desporto, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | - Marta Massada
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto. Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.A.)
- St. Mary’s Hospital of Porto, Rua de Camões, 906, 4049-025 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Afonso
- Centre for Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, Faculty of Sport of the University of Porto. Rua Dr. Plácido Costa, 91, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal; (M.M.); (J.A.)
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19
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Dam TV, Dalgaard LB, Ringgaard S, Johansen FT, Bisgaard Bengtsen M, Mose M, Lauritsen KM, Ørtenblad N, Gravholt CH, Hansen M. Transdermal Estrogen Therapy Improves Gains in Skeletal Muscle Mass After 12 Weeks of Resistance Training in Early Postmenopausal Women. Front Physiol 2021; 11:596130. [PMID: 33542694 PMCID: PMC7853242 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.596130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Women show an accelerated loss of muscle mass around menopause, possibly related to the decline in estrogen. Furthermore, the anabolic response to resistance exercise seems to be hampered in postmenopausal women. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test the hypothesis that transdermal estrogen therapy (ET) amplifies the skeletal muscle response to resistance training in early postmenopausal women. DESIGN A double-blinded randomized controlled study. SETTING Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Denmark. PARTICIPANTS Thirty-one healthy, untrained postmenopausal women no more than 5 years past menopause. INTERVENTIONS Supervised resistance training with placebo (PLC, n = 16) or transdermal ET (n = 15) for 12 weeks. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome parameter was a cross-sectional area of quadriceps femoris measured by magnetic resonance imaging, and secondary parameters were fat-free mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle strength, and functional tests. RESULTS The increase in muscle cross-sectional area was significantly greater in the ET group (7.9%) compared with the PLC group (3.9%) (p < 0.05). Similarly, the increase in whole-body fat-free mass was greater in the ET group (5.5%) than in the PLC group (2.9%) (p < 0.05). Handgrip strength increased in ET (p < 0.05) but did not change in the PLC group. Muscle strength parameters, jumping height, and finger strength were all improved after the training period with no difference between groups. CONCLUSION The use of transdermal ET enhanced the increase in muscle mass in response to 12 weeks of progressive resistance training in early postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tine Vrist Dam
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Mads Bisgaard Bengtsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Maike Mose
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Katrine Meyer Lauritsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Ørtenblad
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus H. Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hansen
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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20
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Samad N, Nguyen HH, Scott D, Ebeling PR, Milat F. Musculoskeletal Health in Premature Ovarian Insufficiency. Part One: Muscle. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 38:277-288. [PMID: 33418593 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Accelerated bone loss and muscle decline coexist in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), but there are significant gaps in our understanding of musculoskeletal health in POI. This article is the first of a two-part review which describes estrogen signaling in muscle and its role in musculoskeletal health and disease. Current evidence regarding the utility of available diagnostic tests and therapeutic options is also discussed. A literature review from January 2000 to March 2020 was conducted to identify relevant studies. Women with POI experience significant deterioration in musculoskeletal health due to the loss of protective effects of estrogen. In addition to bone loss, muscle decay and dysfunction is now increasingly recognized. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of validated tools to assess muscle parameters. There is a growing need to acknowledge bone-muscle codependence to design new therapies which target both muscle and bone, resulting in improved physical performance and reduced morbidity and mortality. More high-quality research and international collaborations are needed to address the deficiencies in our understanding and management of musculoskeletal health in women with POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navira Samad
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hanh H Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter R Ebeling
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frances Milat
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Western Health, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Geraci A, Calvani R, Ferri E, Marzetti E, Arosio B, Cesari M. Sarcopenia and Menopause: The Role of Estradiol. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:682012. [PMID: 34093446 PMCID: PMC8170301 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.682012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During aging and menopausal transition in women, a progressive muscle degeneration (i.e. decrease in quality and muscle function) occurs. This muscle dysfunction, caused by decreased proliferation of muscle satellite cells, increased levels of inflammatory markers, and altered levels of sex hormones, exposes women to a raised incidence of sarcopenia. In this regard, hormonal balance and, in particular, estradiol, seems to be essential in skeletal muscle function. The role of the estradiol on satellite cells and the release of inflammatory cytokines in menopausal women are reviewed. In particular, estradiol has a beneficial effect on the skeletal muscle by stimulating satellite cell proliferation. Skeletal muscle can respond to estrogenic hormonal control due to the presence of specific receptors for estradiol at the level of muscle fibers. Additionally, estradiol can limit inflammatory stress damage on skeletal muscle. In this review, we primarily focused on the role of estradiol in sarcopenia and on the possibility of using Estradiol Replacement Therapy, which combined with nutritional and physical activity programs, can counteract this condition representing a valid tool to treat sarcopenia in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Geraci
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Annalisa Geraci,
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelyn Ferri
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Arosio
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Milan, Italy
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22
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Bondarev D, Finni T, Kokko K, Kujala UM, Aukee P, Kovanen V, Laakkonen EK, Sipilä S. Physical Performance During the Menopausal Transition and the Role of Physical Activity. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 76:1587-1590. [PMID: 33230535 PMCID: PMC8361353 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine longitudinal changes in physical performance during the menopausal transition and the role of physical activity (PA) in these changes. METHODS Based on follicle-stimulating hormone levels and bleeding diaries, women (47-55 years) were classified as early (n = 89) and late perimenopausal (n = 143) and followed prospectively until postmenopausal status, with mean duration of 17.5 and 13.8 months, respectively. Physical performance was measured by handgrip force, knee extension torque, vertical jumping height, maximal walking speed, and 6-minute walking distance. Physical activity was self-reported and categorized as inactive, low, medium, and high. Longitudinal associations of menopausal status, physical performance, and related changes with PA level were analyzed using generalized estimation equations adjusted for duration of hormonal therapy. RESULTS A significant decline over the menopausal transition in handgrip force (-2.1%, 95% CI -3.8 to -0.4), knee extension torque (-2.6%, 95% CI -4.5 to -0.8), and vertical jumping height (-2.6%, 95% CI -4.2 to -1.1) and a significant increase in 6-minute walking distance (2.1%, 95% CI 1.4 to 2.7) were observed in the total sample. A significant interaction of PA by time was observed in handgrip force and in vertical jumping height. High PA women had greater increase in handgrip strength but greater decline in vertical jumping height than medium, low, and inactive women (all p ≤ .001). CONCLUSIONS Both early and late perimenopausal women show decline in muscle strength and power during the transition to postmenopause. Physical activity seems to influence physical performance during the menopausal transition but understanding the benefits of PA requires interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy Bondarev
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taija Finni
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.,Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Adolescent Sport Participation and Age at Menarche in Relation to Midlife Body Composition, Bone Mineral Density, Fitness, and Physical Activity. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123797. [PMID: 33255351 PMCID: PMC7760316 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the associations of competitive sport participation in adolescence and age at menarche (AAM) with body composition, femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD), physical performance, and physical activity (PA) in middle-aged women. 1098 women aged 47–55 years formed the sample of this retrospective study. Participants self-reported their PA level at age 13–16 years and AAM. The protocol also included dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, physical performance tests, and accelerometer-measured PA. Participants were divided into three groups according to their PA level at the age of 13–16 (no exercise, regular PA, and competitive sport) and according to their AAM (≤12, 13, and ≥14 years). After adjusting for potential confounding factors, participation in competitive sport at age 13–16 was associated with higher midlife lean mass and BMD, and better physical performance compared to groups with no exercise or regular PA. Individuals with AAM ≥ 14 years had lower midlife BMI and fat mass than participants in the other AAM groups and pre- and perimenopausal women with AAM ≥ 14 years had lower BMD than those with AAM ≤ 12. The findings indicate that participation in competitive sport in adolescence is associated with healthier body composition, higher BMD, and better physical performance in midlife, but BMD might be impaired if menarche occurs late.
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24
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Seong M, Kim Y, Park S, Kim H, Kwon O. Association Between Diet Quality and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Korean Adults: The 2014-2015 National Fitness Award Project. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3226. [PMID: 33105591 PMCID: PMC7690257 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong and meaningful indicator for predicting mortality, including cardiovascular disease, as well as simple physical capacity. Healthy eating is thought to be one of the crucial factors associated with an individual's CRF status, although little research has been done on the relationship between healthy eating and CRF. This study aimed to investigate the association between overall diet quality and CRF among Korean adults. The study involved 937 adults (380 men and 557 women) aged 19‒64 years who participated in the 2014‒2015 Korea Institute of Sports Science Fitness Standards project. Diet quality was assessed by the recommended food score (RFS), and CRF was determined by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a treadmill exercise test. Multiple regression model analyses were stratified by age (19-34, 35-49, and 50-64 years) and sex, because both factors greatly influence CRF. After multivariate adjustment, only the 19‒34 age group in both sexes showed a positive association between RFS and VO2max. Additionally, when physical activity was adjusted, it was still significant in men but only marginally related in women. Our results suggest that better overall diet quality may be associated with a better CRF among young adults aged 19‒34 years in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyeong Seong
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Youjin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Saejong Park
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, 727, Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01794, Korea;
| | - Hyesook Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Science, Graduate School of Clinical Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Korea;
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25
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Sex differences in postsurgical skeletal muscle depletion after donation of living-donor liver transplantation, although minimal, should not be ignored. BMC Surg 2020; 20:119. [PMID: 32493278 PMCID: PMC7268651 DOI: 10.1186/s12893-020-00781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Donor safety is the top priority in living-donor liver transplantation. Splenic hypertrophy and platelet count decrease after donor surgery are reported to correlate with the extent of hepatectomy, but other aftereffects of donor surgeries are unclear. In this study, we evaluated the surgical effects of donor hepatectomy on skeletal muscle depletion and their potential sex differences. Methods Among a total of 450 consecutive donor hepatectomies performed from April 2001 through March 2017, 277 donors who completed both preoperative and postoperative (60–119 days postsurgery) evaluation by computed tomography were the subjects of this study. Donors aged 45 years or older were considered elderly donors. Postoperative skeletal muscle depletion was assessed on the basis of the cross-sectional area of the psoas major muscle. Postoperative changes in the spleen volume and platelet count ratios were also analysed to evaluate the effects of major hepatectomy. Results The decrease in the postoperative skeletal muscle mass in the overall donor population was slight (99.4 ± 6.3%). Of the 277 donors, 59 (21.3%) exhibited skeletal muscle depletion (i.e., < 95% of the preoperative value). Multivariate analysis revealed that elderly donor (OR:2.30, 95% C.I.: 1.27–4.24) and female donor (OR: 1.94, 95% C.I. 1.04–3.59) were independent risk factors for postoperative skeletal muscle depletion. Stratification of the subjects into four groups by age and sex revealed that the elderly female donor group had significantly less skeletal muscle mass postoperatively compared with the preoperative values (95.6 ± 6.8%), while the other three groups showed no significant decrease. Due to their smaller physical characteristics, right liver donation was significantly more prevalent in the female groups than in the male groups (112/144, 77.8% vs 65/133, 48.9%; p < 0.001). The estimated liver resection rate correlated significantly with the splenic hypertrophy ratio (r = 0.528, p < 0.001) and the extent of the platelet count decrease (r = − 0.314, p < 0.001), but donor age and sex did not affect these parameters. Conclusion Elderly female donors have a higher risk of postoperative skeletal muscle depletion. Additionally, female donors are more likely to donate a right liver graft, whose potential subclinical risks include postoperative splenic enlargement and a platelet count decrease.
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26
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Sipilä S, Törmäkangas T, Sillanpää E, Aukee P, Kujala UM, Kovanen V, Laakkonen EK. Muscle and bone mass in middle-aged women: role of menopausal status and physical activity. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:698-709. [PMID: 32017473 PMCID: PMC7296268 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women experience drastic hormonal changes during midlife due to the menopausal transition. Menopausal hormonal changes are known to lead to bone loss and potentially also to loss of lean mass. The loss of muscle and bone tissue coincide due to the functional relationship and interaction between these tissues. If and how physical activity counteracts deterioration in muscle and bone during the menopausal transition remains partly unresolved. This study investigated differences between premenopausal, early perimenopausal, late perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women in appendicular lean mass (ALM), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) and T score. Furthermore, we investigated the simultaneous associations of ALM and BMD with physical activity in the above-mentioned menopausal groups. METHODS Data from the Estrogen Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis study were utilized. In total, 1393 women aged 47-55 years were assigned to premenopausal, early perimenopausal, late perimenopausal, and postmenopausal groups based on follicle-stimulating hormone concentration and bleeding diaries. Of them, 897 were scanned for ALM and femoral neck BMD by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ALMI (ALM/height2 ) and neck T scores calculated. Current level of leisure-time physical activity was estimated by a validated self-report questionnaire and categorized as sedentary, low, medium, and high. RESULTS Appendicular lean mass, appendicular lean mass index, femoral neck bone mineral density, and and T score showed a significant linear declining trend across all four menopausal groups. Compared with the postmenopausal women, the premenopausal women showed greater ALM (18.2, SD 2.2 vs. 17.8, SD 2.1, P < 0.001), ALMI (6.73, SD 0.64 vs. 6.52, SD 0.62, P < 0.001), neck BMD (0.969, SD 0.117 vs. 0.925, SD 0.108, P < 0.001), and T score (-0.093, SD 0.977 vs -0.459, SD 0.902, P < 0.001). After adjusting for potential confounding pathways, a higher level of physical activity was associated with greater ALM among the premenopausal [β = 0.171; confidence interval (CI) 95% 0.063-0.280], late perimenopausal (β = 0.289; CI 95% 0.174-0.403), and postmenopausal (β=0.278; CI 95% 0.179-0.376) women. The positive association between femoral neck BMD and level of physical activity was significant only among the late perimenopausal women (β = 0.227; CI 95% 0.097-0.356). CONCLUSIONS Skeletal muscle and bone losses were associated with the menopausal transition. A higher level of physical activity during the different menopausal phases was beneficial, especially for skeletal muscle. Menopause-related hormonal changes predispose women to sarcopenia and osteoporosis and further to mobility disability and fall-related fractures in later life. New strategies are needed to promote physical activity among middle-aged women. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Role of Menopausal Transition and Physical Activity in Loss of Lean and Muscle Mass: A Follow-Up Study in Middle-Aged Finnish Women. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9051588. [PMID: 32456169 PMCID: PMC7290663 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9051588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In midlife, women experience hormonal changes due to menopausal transition. A decrease especially in estradiol has been hypothesized to cause loss of muscle mass. This study investigated the effect of menopausal transition on changes in lean and muscle mass, from the total body to the muscle fiber level, among 47–55-year-old women. Data were used from the Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study, where 234 women were followed from perimenopause to early postmenopause. Hormone levels (estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone), total and regional body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) scans), physical activity level (self-reported and accelerometer-measured) and muscle fiber properties (muscle biopsy) were assessed at baseline and at early postmenopause. Significant decreases were seen in lean body mass (LBM), lean body mass index (LBMI), appendicular lean mass (ALM), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), leg lean mass and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Menopausal status was a significant predictor for all tested muscle mass variables, while physical activity was an additional significant contributor for LBM, ALM, ALMI, leg lean mass and relative muscle CSA. Menopausal transition was associated with loss of muscle mass at multiple anatomical levels, while physical activity was beneficial for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass.
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28
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Validity and Reliability of a Single Question for Leisure-Time Physical Activity Assessment in Middle-Aged Women. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:231-241. [PMID: 31585436 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the validity and test-retest reliability of a single seven-level scale physical activity assessment question (SR-PA L7) and its three-level categorization (SR-PA C3). METHODS The associations of SR-PA L7 and C3 with accelerometer-measured leisure-time physical activity (ACC-LTPA) and with the results of four different physical performance tests (6-min walk [n = 733], knee extension [n = 695], vertical jump [n = 731], and grip force [n = 780]) were investigated among women aged 47-55 years participating in the Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis study (n = 795). The reliability was studied using Spearman correlations with 4-month test-retest period (n = 152). RESULTS SR-PA L7 and C3 had low correlations with ACC-LTPA (rs = .105-.337). SR-PA L7, SR-PA C3, and ACC-LTPA explained comparable but small amount of variance of the physical performance test results. The reliability analysis provided moderate agreement (rs = .707 and .622 for SR-PA L7 and C3, respectively). CONCLUSIONS SR-PA L7 and C3 demonstrated limited validity and reasonable repeatability.
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29
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Park YM, Jankowski CM, Ozemek C, Hildreth KL, Kohrt WM, Moreau KL. Appendicular lean mass is lower in late compared with early perimenopausal women: potential role of FSH. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 128:1373-1380. [PMID: 32298212 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00315.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related declines in skeletal muscle mass (i.e., sarcopenia) contribute to physical disability in older women. Although a menopause-related increase in fat mass is well documented, whether menopause influences muscle mass and sarcopenia is unclear. We determined the extent to which skeletal muscle mass differs across the stages of the menopause transition in women and whether these differences are associated with estradiol or other sex hormones. This was a cross-sectional study of 144 healthy women (aged 30-70 yr) classified as premenopausal [n = 30, 38 ± 6 yr (means ± SD)], early (n = 31, 50 ± 3 yr) and late (n = 30, 50 ± 4 yr) perimenopausal, and early (n = 26, 55 ± 3 yr) and late (n = 27, 62 ± 4 yr) postmenopausal. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) adjusted by the square of height in meters (ALM index; ALMi) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. ALMi was lower (P < 0.05) in late perimenopausal and postmenopausal compared with early perimenopausal, with no significant differences between other groups (premenopausal 6.6 ± 0.6, early perimenopausal 6.8 ± 0.8, late perimenopausal 6.1 ± 0.8, early postmenopausal 6.5 ± 1.1, and late postmenopausal 6.2 ± 0.9 kg/m2). The prevalence of sarcopenia (ALMi ≤ 5.67 kg/m2) was 7%, 3%, 30%, 27%, and 32% in premenopausal, early and late perimenopausal, and early and late postmenopausal groups, respectively. ALMi measured across menopause stages was inversely correlated to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH; r = -0.28, P = 0.003) but not to estradiol (r = 0.088, P = 0.34). The menopause transition appears to be a vulnerable period for the loss of skeletal muscle mass that may begin during the late perimenopausal transition. Future studies are necessary to investigate the potential effect of FSH on skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our data suggest that the late perimenopausal stage may be a vulnerable period for the loss of skeletal muscle, potentially related to elevations in FSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Exercise and Health Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Catherine M Jankowski
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Cemal Ozemek
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kerry L Hildreth
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Denver, Colorado
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Effect of hormone therapy on muscle strength in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:827-835. [PMID: 32187131 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the overall effects of hormone therapy (HT) on muscle strength in postmenopausal women through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from the inception dates to August 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of HT with either no therapy or placebo on muscle strength in postmenopausal women were eligible. The quality of studies was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Measurements of changes in muscle strength compared to baseline were extracted for pooled analysis. The effect size was calculated as standardized mean differences using a random effects model. RESULTS We identified nine studies with a combined population of 2,476 postmenopausal women. The studies included were assessed to be of good quality overall. The results showed that HT was not associated with muscle strength gain in postmenopausal women (standardized mean difference = 0.352; 95% confidence interval, -0.098 to 0.803; P = 0.125; I = 95.3%). The changes in muscle strength in women receiving HT were not significant. The results were unchanged when stratified by treatment type, muscle group, and treatment duration. CONCLUSIONS The use of HT was not associated with the improvement of muscle strength in postmenopausal women. This finding suggested that HT might not improve muscle strength or that the effect size was too small to identify significant therapeutic efficacy.
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Beqollari D, Kohrt WM, Bannister RA. Equivalent L-type channel (Ca V1.1) function in adult female and male mouse skeletal muscle fibers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 522:996-1002. [PMID: 31812241 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Loss of total muscle force during aging has both atrophic and non-atrophic components. The former deficit is a direct consequence of reduced muscle mass while the latter has been attributed to a depression of excitation-contraction (EC) coupling. It is well established that age-onset reductions in sex hormone production regulate the atrophic component in both males and females. However, it is unknown whether the non-atrophic component is influenced by sex hormones. Since the non-atrophic component has been linked mechanistically to reduced expression of the skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel (CaV1.1), we recorded L-type Ca2+ currents, gating charge movements and depolarization-induced changes in myoplasmic Ca2+ from flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) fibers of naïve and gonadectomized mice of both sexes. Our first set of experiments sought to identify any basal differences in EC coupling or L-type Ca2+ flux between the sexes; no detectable differences in any of the aforementioned parameters were observed between FDB harvested from either naïve males or females. In the latter segments of the study, ovariectomy (OVX) and orchiectomy (ORX) models were used to assess the possible influence of sex hormones on EC coupling and/or L-type Ca2+ flux. In these experiments, FDB fibers harvested from OVX and ORX mice both showed no differences in L-type Ca2+ current, gating charge movement or depolarization-induced changes in Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Taken together, our results indicate L-type Ca2+ channel function and EC coupling are: 1) equivalent between the sexes, and 2) not significantly regulated by sex hormones. Since recent NIH review guidelines mandate the consideration of sex differences as a criterion for review, our work indicates the suitability of either sex for the study of the fundamental mechanisms of EC coupling. Thus, our findings may accelerate the research process by conserving animals, labor and financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Beqollari
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, P15-8006, Box 139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - W M Kohrt
- Department of Medicine - Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12631 East 17th Avenue, L15-8000, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - R A Bannister
- Department of Medicine - Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12800 East 19th Avenue, P15-8006, Box 139, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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Design and protocol of Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study with 47 to 55-year-old women's cohort: novel results show menopause-related differences in blood count. Menopause 2019; 25:1020-1032. [PMID: 29738416 PMCID: PMC6110369 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Objective: The multidisciplinary Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study was designed to reveal how hormonal differences over the menopausal stages affect the physiological and psychological functioning of middle-aged women. This paper describes the protocol and nonrespondent analysis of ERMA and novel findings on menopausal differences in blood count variables and their association with female sex hormones. Methods: Women aged 47 to 55 years were assigned to pre, early peri, late peri, and postmenopausal groups based on follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and bleeding diary. Multivariate linear regression models were constructed to estimate the association of 17β-estradiol (E2) and FSH with the blood count variables. Results: In all, 3,064 women returned the prequestionnaire (ERMA phase one), 1,393 donated blood samples and were assigned to the relevant menopausal group (phase two), and 914 completed phase three, which included physiological and psychological measurements. Nonrespondents were more likely than respondents to be obese, whereas the menopausal groups showed no mean differences in body mass index. Blood count variables, while being within clinical reference values, showed significant differences between groups. E2 and FSH were associated with the white blood cell (WBC) count and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio. Conclusions: The ERMA study was successful in recruiting and characterizing the menopausal status of a cohort sample of middle-aged women. The significant group differences found in the blood count variables and their associations with E2 and FSH verifies menopause-associated changes in WBC composition potentially being an early sign of low-grade inflammation that may develop later in life.
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Ovariectomy and obesity have equal impact in causing mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired skeletal muscle contraction in rats. Menopause 2019; 25:1448-1458. [PMID: 29994976 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that either an obese-insulin resistance condition or a condition involving loss of estrogen impaired skeletal muscle function as indicated by a decrease in muscle contraction. The differing effects of combined estrogen deficiency over obese-insulin resistance on skeletal muscle function have, however, not yet been determined. Our hypothesis was that estrogen deficiency aggravates skeletal muscle dysfunction in obese-insulin resistant rats, via increased muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. METHODS Twenty-four female Wistar rats were divided into 2 groups and animals in each group were fed either a normal diet (ND) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks. At week 13, rats in each group were subdivided into 2 subgroups: sham-operated or ovariectomized (n = 6/subgroup). At the end of the experimental period the contraction of the gastrocnemius muscles was tested before the rats were sacrificed. Skeletal muscle was removed to assess oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. RESULTS We found that an obese-insulin resistant condition was observed in sham-operated HFD-fed rats, ovariectomized ND-fed rats, and ovariectomized HFD-fed rats. Skeletal muscle contractile function (peak-force ratio [g/g]; 25.40 ± 2.03 [ovariectomized ND-fed rats], 22.44 ± 0.85 [sham-operated HFD-fed rats] and 25.06 ± 0.61 [ovariectomized HFD-fed rats]), skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, and oxidative stress were equally significantly impaired in all 3 groups, when compared with those of sham-operated ND-fed rats (31.12 ± 1.88 g/g [NDS]; P < 0.05). Surprisingly, loss of estrogen did not aggravate these dysfunctions of skeletal muscles in HFD-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that skeletal muscle dysfunction may occur due to increased muscle oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of ovariectomy and obese-insulin resistance. Loss of estrogen, however, did not aggravate these impairments in the muscle of rats with obese-insulin resistant condition.
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Abstract
The older Finnish Twin Cohort (FTC) was established in 1974. The baseline survey was in 1975, with two follow-up health surveys in 1981 and 1990. The fourth wave of assessments was done in three parts, with a questionnaire study of twins born during 1945-1957 in 2011-2012, while older twins were interviewed and screened for dementia in two time periods, between 1999 and 2007 for twins born before 1938 and between 2013 and 2017 for twins born in 1938-1944. The content of these wave 4 assessments is described and some initial results are described. In addition, we have invited twin-pairs, based on response to the cohortwide surveys, to participate in detailed in-person studies; these are described briefly together with key results. We also review other projects based on the older FTC and provide information on the biobanking of biosamples and related phenotypes.
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Park YM, Keller AC, Runchey SS, Miller BF, Kohrt WM, Van Pelt RE, Kang C, Jankowski CM, Moreau KL. Acute estradiol treatment reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown markers in early- but not late-postmenopausal women. Steroids 2019; 146:43-49. [PMID: 30928279 PMCID: PMC6679593 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Menopause and decline in estradiol (E2) may contribute to sarcopenia (i.e., age-related decline in muscle mass and strength) in women. E2 may directly impact skeletal muscle protein breakdown via estrogen receptor (ER) signaling, primarily ERα. It is not yet known whether: 1) E2 regulates pathways of skeletal muscle protein breakdown; 2) E2-mediated changes in protein breakdown markers are associated with ERα activation and insulin sensitivity; and 3) the effects of E2 on protein breakdown markers differ by increasing time since menopause. STUDY DESIGN We studied 27 women who were ≤6 years past menopause (early postmenopausal, EPM; n = 13) or ≥10 years past menopause (late postmenopausal, LPM; n = 14). Fasted skeletal muscle samples were collected following 1 week of transdermal E2 or placebo treatment in a randomized cross-over design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We analyzed for cytosolic protein content of the: 1) structural proteins myosin heavy chain (MHC) and tropomyosin; and 2) protein regulatory markers: protein kinase B (Akt), muscle-specific ring finger protein1 (MuRF1), atrogin1, and forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) using Western blot. RESULTS In response to acute E2, FOXO3 activation (dephosphorylation) and MuRF1 protein expression decreased in EPM but increased in LPM women (p < 0.05). ERα activation was not associated with these protein breakdown markers, but FOXO3 activation tended to be inversely correlated (r = -0.318, p = 0.065) to insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary studies suggest the effects of E2 on skeletal muscle protein breakdown markers were dependent on time since menopause, which is consistent with our previous study on insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Min Park
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Amy C Keller
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Shauna S Runchey
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Wendy M Kohrt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Rachael E Van Pelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, CO, USA
| | - Chounghun Kang
- Department of Physical Education, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Catherine M Jankowski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kerrie L Moreau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Denver, CO, USA.
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Ünsal P, Ayçiçek GŞ, Şendur A, Deniz O, Koca M, Boğa İ, Bürkük S, Cankurtaran M, Yavuz BB, Halil M. Effects of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Sarcopenia: Is It Real? J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 67:1297. [DOI: 10.1111/jgs.15807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Ünsal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Gözde Şengül Ayçiçek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Ayşe Şendur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Olgun Deniz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Meltem Koca
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - İlker Boğa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Suna Bürkük
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Mustafa Cankurtaran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Burcu Balam Yavuz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - Meltem Halil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine Ankara; Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine; Ankara Turkey
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Collins BC, Laakkonen EK, Lowe DA. Aging of the musculoskeletal system: How the loss of estrogen impacts muscle strength. Bone 2019; 123:137-144. [PMID: 30930293 PMCID: PMC6491229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle weakness occurs with aging and in females this is compounded by the loss of estrogen with ovarian failure. Estrogen deficiency mediates decrements in muscle strength from both inadequate preservation of skeletal muscle mass and decrements in the quality of the remaining skeletal muscle. Processes and components of skeletal muscle that are affected by estrogens are beginning to be identified. This review focuses on mechanisms that contribute to the loss of muscle force generation when estrogen is low in females, and conversely the maintenance of strength by estrogen. Evidence is accumulating that estrogen deficiency induces apoptosis in skeletal muscle contributing to loss of mass and thus strength. Estrogen sensitive processes that affect quality, i.e., force generating capacity of muscle, include myosin phosphorylation and satellite cell function. Further detailing these mechanisms and identifying additional mechanisms that underlie estrogenic effects on skeletal muscle is important foundation for the design of therapeutic strategies to minimize skeletal muscle pathologies, such as sarcopenia and dynapenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany C Collins
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical School, University of Utah, United States of America
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Medical School, University of Minnesota, United States of America.
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Gender differences for frailty in HIV-infected patients on stable antiretroviral therapy and with an undetectable viral load. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215764. [PMID: 31071105 PMCID: PMC6508723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with HIV infection suffer from accelerated aging. In this context, frailty could be a relevant problem that aggravates the quality of life (QoL) and morbi-mortality of these patients. Our objective was to determine the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in HIV-infected patients in our cohort as well as their risk factors and QoL. Methods This was a prospective cross-sectional study of HIV-infected people aged ≥18 years on a stable antiretroviral regimen (ART) ≥1 year. Frailty was defined by ≥3 of 5 Fried's criteria: weight loss, low physical activity, exhaustion, weak grip strength and slow walking time. Variables related to sociodemographics, HIV infection, comorbidities, polypharmacy, and QoL were evaluated. Independent predictors of frailty were evaluated using collinearity in a multivariate logistic regression analyses (backward stepwise elimination). Results The 248 people studied has a mean age of 49 years, 63.7% were male, and 81% were Caucasian. The prevalence of pre-frailty and fragility was 39.1% and 4.4%, respectively. The main route of HIV acquisition was heterosexual (47.2%). At the inclusion time 26.6% of the patients had AIDS events, 60.9% were anti-HCV negative, and 91.5% had HIV RNA <50 copies/mL (84.3% for ≥1 year); 10.9% had >2 comorbidities, and 13.3% were receiving >5 non-HIV drugs. Frailty patients had a higher age (p 0.006), more sensitive deficits (visual or auditory) (p 0.002), a greater number of falls during the previous year (p 0.0001), a higher Charlson comorbidity index (p 0.001), and a higher VACS index (p 0.001). All comorbidities, excluding bone and liver, were significantly more frequent in fragile patients. The presence of >2 comorbidities and treatment with >5 drugs not related to HIV they were also more frequent in frail patienst (p 0.0001 and p 0.004, respectively). Independent predictors of pre-frailty/frailty in the multivariable analysis differ in men (VACS index, C-reactive protein [CRP], and falls) and women (CRP, AIDS, and menopause). Patients with pre-frailty/frailty had some indicator of a lower QoL. Conclusion Factors associated with pre-frailty/frailty in HIV-infected patients differ by gender, which should be considered when establishing measures for prevention. The role of menopause in the risk of pre-frailty/frailty warrants further investigations.
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Fillion M, Tiidus PM, Vandenboom R. Lack of influence of estrogen on myosin phosphorylation and post-tetanic potentiation in muscles from young adult C57BL mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:729-737. [PMID: 30889364 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen influences myosin phosphorylation and post-tetanic potentiation in murine fast muscle. We tested the hypothesis that this influence is mediated by estrogen effects on skeletal myosin light chain kinase (skMLCK) activity. To this end, extensor digitorum longus muscles from female wildtype and skMLCK-absent (skMLCK-/-) mice were grouped as follows: ovariectomized with estrogen (E+), ovariectomized without estrogen (E-), sham surgery, and intact baseline. At 8 weeks of age, the ovariectomized groups were ovariectomized followed by implantation of either a 0.1 mg 17β-estradiol (E+) or placebo pellet (E-). Two weeks later, muscles were isolated and suspended in vitro (25° C) for determination of regulatory light chain phosphorylation and post-tetanic potentiation. Regulatory light chain phosphorylation was not different across conditions within either genotype although wildtype values were significantly greater than skMLCK-/- values. Consistent with this, the potentiation of concentric twitch force was similar between E+ and E- groups within each genotype but wildtype values were greater than skMLCK-/- values. However, unaltered estradiol levels following ovariectomy, likely due to previously underappreciated confounds of mouse age, development, and growth during estrogen supplementation, prevented direct testing of the hypothesis. Future studies should note the importance of estrous cycles and continuing physiological developments of young adult mice when working with ovarian hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Fillion
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Peter M Tiidus
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Rene Vandenboom
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada.,Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Chidi-Ogbolu N, Baar K. Effect of Estrogen on Musculoskeletal Performance and Injury Risk. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1834. [PMID: 30697162 PMCID: PMC6341375 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen has a dramatic effect on musculoskeletal function. Beyond the known relationship between estrogen and bone, it directly affects the structure and function of other musculoskeletal tissues such as muscle, tendon, and ligament. In these other musculoskeletal tissues, estrogen improves muscle mass and strength, and increases the collagen content of connective tissues. However, unlike bone and muscle where estrogen improves function, in tendons and ligaments estrogen decreases stiffness, and this directly affects performance and injury rates. High estrogen levels can decrease power and performance and make women more prone for catastrophic ligament injury. The goal of the current work is to review the research that forms the basis of our understanding how estrogen affects muscle, tendon, and ligament and how hormonal manipulation can be used to optimize performance and promote female participation in an active lifestyle at any age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechinyere Chidi-Ogbolu
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Keith Baar
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Neurobiology, Physiology and Behavior, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.,Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Velez MP, Rosendaal N, Alvarado B, da Câmara S, Belanger E, Pirkle C. Age at natural menopause and physical function in older women from Albania, Brazil, Colombia and Canada: A life-course perspective. Maturitas 2018; 122:22-30. [PMID: 30797526 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Grip strength and gait speed are objective measures of physical function, which in turn is an indicator of biological aging. We evaluate the association between age at natural menopause (ANM) and physical functioning in a sample of postmenopausal women drawn from the International Mobility in Aging Study (IMIAS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of 775 women aged 65-74, from Albania, Brazil, Colombia and Canada, who had experienced natural menopause. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Gait speed and grip strength were obtained following standardized protocols. The association between self-reported ANM (<40, 40-44, 45-49, 50-54 and ≥55) and gait speed (m/s) and grip strength (kg) was assessed by linear regression analyses adjusting for several life-course economic and reproductive exposures, height, BMI and smoking. RESULTS Overall, women with ANM ≥ 55 had higher gait speed than those with ANM 50-54 (β = 0.05; 95%CI: 0.01, 0.10). Women with ANM < 40 had significantly lower grip strength compared with all other groups (β= -2.58; 95%CI: -4.43, -0.74). In region-specific analyses, ANM was associated with grip strength in Albania and Latin America and with gait speed in Albania only. No associations were observed in Canada. CONCLUSIONS ANM is associated with markers of physical functioning. Differences across study sites suggest that women in socially disadvantaged areas may reach menopause with different physiological reserves than those from more advantaged settings, leading to greater losses in muscle strength in postmenopausal years. More work comparing distinct populations is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Velez
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Victory 4, 76 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Carruthers Hall 2nd Floor, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - N Rosendaal
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queen's University, Victory 4, 76 Stuart St., Kingston, ON, K7L 2V7, Canada.
| | - B Alvarado
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Carruthers Hall 2nd Floor, 62 Fifth Field Company Lane, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - S da Câmara
- Faculty of Health Sciences of Trairí, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Rua Teodorico Bezerra, 2-122, Santa Cruz, RN, 59200-000, Brazil.
| | - E Belanger
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, School of Public Health, Brown University, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
| | - C Pirkle
- Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1960 E West Rd, Biomedical Bldg D104H, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA.
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Ignácio Antônio F, Herbert RD, Bø K, Rosa-E-Silva ACJS, Lara LAS, Franco MDM, Ferreira CHJ. Pelvic floor muscle training increases pelvic floor muscle strength more in post-menopausal women who are not using hormone therapy than in women who are using hormone therapy: a randomised trial. J Physiother 2018; 64:166-171. [PMID: 29914808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphys.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Are there differences in the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training on pelvic floor muscle strength and urinary incontinence symptoms in postmenopausal women who are and are not using hormone therapy? DESIGN Randomised, controlled trial with concealed allocation, blinded assessors, and intention-to-treat analysis. PARTICIPANTS Ninety-nine postmenopausal women, 38 of whom were using daily systemic oestrogen/progestogen therapy. INTERVENTION The experimental group (n=51) received an intensive supervised pelvic floor muscle training protocol, and the control group (n=48) received no intervention. The randomisation was stratified by hormone therapy use. OUTCOME MEASURES Change in pelvic floor muscle strength assessed with manometry at 12 weeks. Prevalence and severity of urinary incontinence symptoms were assessed using questionnaires. RESULTS Eighty-eight women provided data that could be included in the analysis. Pelvic floor muscle training increased pelvic floor muscle strength by 8.0 cmH2O (95% CI 3.4 to 12.6) in women not using hormone therapy and by -0.9 cmH20 (95% CI -6.5 to 4.8) in women using hormone therapy (interaction p=0.018). A sensitivity analysis showed that the greater training effect in women who were not using hormone therapy was still apparent if the analysis was conducted on percentage change in strength rather than absolute change in strength. There was also a significantly greater effect of training in women not using hormone therapy on prevalence of urinary incontinence symptoms (ratio of odds ratios=7.4; interaction p=0.028). The difference in effects on severity of urinary incontinence symptoms was not statistically significant (interaction p=0.37). CONCLUSION Pelvic floor muscle training increases pelvic floor muscle strength more in women who are not using hormone therapy than in women using hormone therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02549729. [Ignácio Antônio F, Herbert RD, Bø K, Rosa-e-Silva ACJS, Lara LAS, Franco MdM, Ferreira CHJ (2018) Pelvic floor muscle training increases pelvic floor muscle strength more in post-menopausal women who are not using hormone therapy than in women who are using hormone therapy: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy 64: 166-171].
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Ignácio Antônio
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Kari Bø
- Norwegian School of Sport Sciences Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Lúcia Alves Silva Lara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Univesity of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Maira de Menezes Franco
- Department of Health Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sillanpää E, Laakkonen EK, Vaara E, Rantanen T, Kovanen V, Sipilä S, Kaprio J, Ollikainen M. Biological clocks and physical functioning in monozygotic female twins. BMC Geriatr 2018; 18:83. [PMID: 29614968 PMCID: PMC5883300 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-018-0775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Biomarkers of biological aging – DNA methylation age (DNAm age) and leukocyte telomere length (LTL)– correlate strongly with chronological age across the life course. It is, however, unclear how these measures of cellular wear and tear are associated with muscle strength and functional capacity, which are known to decline with older age and are associated with mortality. We investigated if DNAm age and LTL were associated with body composition and physical functioning by examining 48 monozygotic twin sisters. Methods White blood cell DNAm age (predicted years) was calculated from Illumina 450 k BeadChip methylation data using an online calculator. DNAm age acceleration was defined from the residuals derived from a linear regression model of DNAm age on chronological age. LTL was measured by qPCR. Total body percentage of fat and lean mass were estimated using bioimpedance. Physical functioning was measured by grip strength, knee extension strength and by 10 m maximal walking speed test. Results In all participants, DNAm age (58.4 ± 6.6) was lower than chronological age (61.3 ± 5.9 years). Pairwise correlations of monozygotic co-twins were high for DNAm age (0.88, 95% CI 0.79, 0.97), age acceleration (0.68, 95% CI 0.30, 0.85) and LTL (0.77, 95% CI 0.60, 0.94). Increased age acceleration i.e. faster epigenetic aging compared to chronological age was associated with lower grip strength (β = − 5.3 SE 1.9 p = 0.011), but not with other measures of physical functioning or body composition. LTL was not associated with body composition or physical functioning. Conclusions To conclude, accelerated DNAm age is associated with lower grip strength, a biomarker known to be associated with physiological aging, and which predicts decline in physical functioning and mortality. Further studies may clarify whether epigenetic aging explains the decline in muscle strength with aging or whether DNAm age just illustrates the progress of aging. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12877-018-0775-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Sillanpää
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland. .,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Elina Vaara
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (VIV), FIN-40014, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Kumagai H, Tobina T, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Kakigi R, Tsuzuki T, Zempo H, Shiose K, Yoshimura E, Kumahara H, Ayabe M, Higaki Y, Yamada R, Kobayashi H, Kiyonaga A, Naito H, Tanaka H, Fuku N. Role of selected polymorphisms in determining muscle fiber composition in Japanese men and women. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1377-1384. [PMID: 29345962 PMCID: PMC6008072 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00953.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms and sex differences are suggested to affect muscle fiber composition; however, no study has investigated the effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle fiber composition with respect to sex differences. Therefore, the present study examined the effects of genetic polymorphisms on muscle fiber composition with respect to sex differences in the Japanese population. The present study included 211 healthy Japanese individuals (102 men and 109 women). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis to determine the proportion of myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms (MHC-I, MHC-IIa, and MHC-IIx). Moreover, we analyzed polymorphisms in α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3; rs1815739), angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE; rs4341), hypoxia-inducible factor 1 α gene (rs11549465), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 gene (rs1870377), and angiotensin II receptor, type 2 gene (rs11091046), by TaqMan single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays. The proportion of MHC-I was 9.8% lower in men than in women, whereas the proportion of MHC-IIa and MHC-IIx was higher in men than in women (5.0 and 4.6%, respectively). Men with the ACTN3 RR + RX genotype had a 4.8% higher proportion of MHC-IIx than those with the ACTN3 XX genotype. Moreover, men with the ACE ID + DD genotype had a 4.7% higher proportion of MHC-I than those with the ACE II genotype. Furthermore, a combined genotype of ACTN3 R577X and ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) was significantly correlated with the proportion of MHC-I (r = −0.23) and MHC-IIx (r = 0.27) in men. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between the examined polymorphisms and muscle fiber composition in women. These results suggest that the ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms independently affect the proportion of human skeletal muscle fibers MHC-I and MHC-IIx in men but not in women. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In men, the RR + RX genotype of the α-actinin-3 gene (ACTN3) R577X polymorphism was associated with a higher proportion of myosin heavy chain (MHC)-IIx. The ID + DD genotype of the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism, in contrast to a previous finding, was associated with a higher proportion of MHC-I in men. In addition, the combined genotype of these polymorphisms was correlated with the proportion of MHC-I and MHC-IIx in men. Thus ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms influence the muscle fiber composition in Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kumagai
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University , Chiba , Japan.,Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takuro Tobina
- Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, University of Nagasaki , Nagasaki , Japan
| | - Noriko Ichinoseki-Sekine
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University , Chiba , Japan.,Faculty of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan , Chiba , Japan
| | - Ryo Kakigi
- Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takamasa Tsuzuki
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Zempo
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo Seiei College , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keisuke Shiose
- Japan Institute of Sports Science , Tokyo , Japan.,Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Eiichi Yoshimura
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto , Kumamoto , Japan
| | - Hideaki Kumahara
- Faculty of Nutritional Sciences, Nakamura Gakuen University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Makoto Ayabe
- Faculty of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University , Okayama , Japan
| | - Yasuki Higaki
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Ryo Yamada
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kobayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Mito Medical Center, Tsukuba University Hospital , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Akira Kiyonaga
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University , Chiba , Japan
| | - Hiroaki Tanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University , Chiba , Japan
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Kangas R, Morsiani C, Pizza G, Lanzarini C, Aukee P, Kaprio J, Sipilä S, Franceschi C, Kovanen V, Laakkonen EK, Capri M. Menopause and adipose tissue: miR-19a-3p is sensitive to hormonal replacement. Oncotarget 2018; 9:2279-2294. [PMID: 29416771 PMCID: PMC5788639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue-specific effects of 17β-estradiol are delivered via both estrogen receptors and microRNAs (miRs). Menopause is known to affect the whole-body fat distribution in women. This investigation aimed at identifying menopause- and hormone replacement therapy (HRT)-associated miR profiles and miR targets in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and serum from the same women. A discovery phase using array technology was performed in 13 women, including monozygotic twin pairs discordant for HRT and premenopausal young controls. Seven miRs, expressed in both adipose tissue and serum, were selected for validation phase in 34 women from a different cohort. An age/menopause-related increase of miRs-16-5p, -451a, -223-3p, -18a-5p, -19a-3p,-486-5p and -363-3p was found in the adipose tissue, but not in serum. MiR-19a-3p, involved in adipocyte development and estrogen signaling, resulted to be higher in HRT users in comparison with non-users. Among the identified targets, AKT1, BCL-2 and BRAF proteins showed lower expression in both HRT and No HRT users in comparison with premenopausal women. Unexpectedly, ESR1 protein expression was not modified although its mRNA was lower in No HRT users compared to premenopausal women and HRT users. Thus, both HRT and menopause appear to affect adipose tissue homeostasis via miR-mediated mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reeta Kangas
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Cristina Morsiani
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Grazia Pizza
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Epigenetics Program, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catia Lanzarini
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Pauliina Aukee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pelvic Floor Research and Therapy Unit, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM) and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eija K. Laakkonen
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Miriam Capri
- DIMES-Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- CIG- Interdepartmental Centre “Galvani”, Via Petronio Vecchi, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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47
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Lauretta R, Sansone M, Sansone A, Romanelli F, Appetecchia M. Gender in Endocrine Diseases: Role of Sex Gonadal Hormones. Int J Endocrinol 2018; 2018:4847376. [PMID: 30420884 PMCID: PMC6215564 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4847376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender- and sex- related differences represent a new frontier towards patient-tailored medicine, taking into account that theoretically every medical specialty can be influenced by both of them. Sex hormones define the differences between males and females, and the different endocrine environment promoted by estrogens, progesterone, testosterone, and their precursors might influence both human physiology and pathophysiology. With the term Gender we refer, instead, to behaviors, roles, expectations, and activities carried out by the individual in society. In other words, "gender" refers to a sociocultural sphere of the individual, whereas "sex" only defines the biological sex. In the last decade, increasing attention has been paid to understand the influence that gender can have on both the human physiology and pathogenesis of diseases. Even the clinical response to therapy may be influenced by sex hormones and gender, but further research is needed to investigate and clarify how they can affect the human pathophysiology. The path to a tailored medicine in which every patient is able to receive early diagnosis, risk assessments, and optimal treatments cannot exclude the importance of gender. In this review, we have focused our attention on the involvement of sex hormones and gender on different endocrine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Lauretta
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Endocrinology Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - A. Sansone
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - F. Romanelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Appetecchia
- IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Endocrinology Unit, Rome, Italy
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48
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49
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Marty E, Liu Y, Samuel A, Or O, Lane J. A review of sarcopenia: Enhancing awareness of an increasingly prevalent disease. Bone 2017; 105:276-286. [PMID: 28931495 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as an age associated decline in skeletal muscle mass. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial, with decreased caloric intake, muscle fiber denervation, intracellular oxidative stress, hormonal decline, and enhanced myostatin signaling all thought to contribute. Prevalence rates are as high as 29% and 33% in elderly community dwelling and long-term care populations, respectively, with advanced age, low body mass index, and low physical activity as significant risk factors. Sarcopenia shares many characteristics with other disease states typically associated with risk of fall and fracture, including osteoporosis, frailty, and obesity. There is no current universally accepted definition of sarcopenia. Diagnosing sarcopenia with contemporary operational definitions requires assessments of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Screening is recommended for both elderly patients and those with conditions that noticeably reduce physical function. Sarcopenia is highly prevalent in orthopedic patient populations and correlates with higher hospital costs and rates of falling, fracture, and mortality. As no muscle building agents are currently approved in the United States, resistance training and nutritional supplementation are the primary methods for treating sarcopenia. Trials with various agents, including selective androgen receptor modulators and myostatin inhibitors, show promise as future treatment options. Increased awareness of sarcopenia is of great importance to begin reaching consensus on diagnosis and to contribute to finding a cure for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Marty
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Andre Samuel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Omer Or
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States
| | - Joseph Lane
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, United States.
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50
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Laakkonen EK, Soliymani R, Karvinen S, Kaprio J, Kujala UM, Baumann M, Sipilä S, Kovanen V, Lalowski M. Estrogenic regulation of skeletal muscle proteome: a study of premenopausal women and postmenopausal MZ cotwins discordant for hormonal therapy. Aging Cell 2017; 16:1276-1287. [PMID: 28884514 PMCID: PMC5676059 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Female middle age is characterized by a decline in skeletal muscle mass and performance, predisposing women to sarcopenia, functional limitations, and metabolic dysfunction as they age. Menopausal loss of ovarian function leading to low circulating level of 17β‐estradiol has been suggested as a contributing factor to aging‐related muscle deterioration. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown and thus far androgens have been considered as a major anabolic hormone for skeletal muscle. We utilized muscle samples from 24 pre‐ and postmenopausal women to establish proteome‐wide profiles, associated with the difference in age (30–34 years old vs. 54–62 years old), menopausal status (premenopausal vs. postmenopausal), and use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT; user vs. nonuser). None of the premenopausal women used hormonal medication while the postmenopausal women were monozygotic (MZ) cotwin pairs of whom the other sister was current HRT user or the other had never used HRT. Label‐free proteomic analyses resulted in the quantification of 797 muscle proteins of which 145 proteins were for the first time associated with female aging using proteomics. Furthermore, we identified 17β‐estradiol as a potential upstream regulator of the observed differences in muscle energy pathways. These findings pinpoint the underlying molecular mechanisms of the metabolic dysfunction accruing upon menopause, thus having implications for understanding the complex functional interactions between female reproductive hormones and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eija K. Laakkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Gerontology Research Center University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Rabah Soliymani
- Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Sira Karvinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Gerontology Research Center University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
- Divisions of Rehabilitation Science and Physical Therapy Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Medical School University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Marc Baumann
- Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Sarianna Sipilä
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences Gerontology Research Center University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Vuokko Kovanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Maciej Lalowski
- Medicum, Biochemistry/Developmental Biology Meilahti Clinical Proteomics Core Facility University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
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