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Nguyen LTH, Nguyen NPK, Tran KN, Choi HJ, Moon IS, Shin HM, Yang IJ. Essential oil of Pterocarpus santalinus L. alleviates behavioral impairments in social defeat stress-exposed mice by regulating neurotransmission and neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116164. [PMID: 38242042 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pterocarpus santalinus L. essential oil (PSEO) is traditionally employed for treating fever and mental aberrations. We aim to explore the antidepressant potential of intranasal PSEO in social defeat stress (SDS)-expose mice and identify its mechanisms and components. METHODS PSEO components were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). C57BL/6 mice underwent a 10-day SDS with intranasal PSEO (10, 20 mg/kg) for 21 days. Efficacy was evaluated through changes in behaviors and serum corticosterone (CORT), hippocampal neurotransmitter, and inflammatory cytokine levels. In vitro effects were examined using primary hippocampal neurons, PC12 and BV2 cells. RESULTS GC-MS identified 22 volatile compounds in PSEO, and (+)-ledene (16.7%), cedrol (13.5%), and isoaromadendrene epoxide (7.0%) as major components. PSEO (20 mg/kg) significantly reversed SDS-induced social withdrawal, increased open-area explorations in the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and reduced immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) and forced swimming test (FST). PSEO downregulated serum CORT and hippocampal interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, while increasing hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT) levels. PSEO (0.1, 1, 10 µg/mL) reduced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in PC12 and BV2 cells, respectively. PSEO (10 µg/mL) enhanced glutamic acid decarboxylase 6 (GAD6)- and GABA B receptor 1 (GABABR1)-positive puncta in the hippocampal neurons and FM1-43 fluorescence intensity. CONCLUSION Intranasal PSEO exhibited antidepressant-like effects on SDS-exposed mice, potentially through modulating stress hormone, neurotransmission, and neuroinflammation. Further investigation into the pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and mechanisms of (+)-ledene, cedrol, and isoaromadendrene epoxide is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly Thi Huong Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nhi Phuc Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Khoa Nguyen Tran
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Choi
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, and Medical Institute of Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Mook Shin
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, Dongguk University College of Korean Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea.
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Zayed AA, Seleem MM, Darwish HA, Shaheen AA. Role of long noncoding RNAs; BDNF-AS and 17A and their relation to GABAergic dysfunction in Egyptian epileptic patients. Metab Brain Dis 2023; 38:1193-1204. [PMID: 36807083 PMCID: PMC10110666 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-023-01182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Lately, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly appreciated as regulators of epilepsy-related processes, however, their functional role in its pathogenesis is still to be explored. This study investigated the expression levels of lncRNAs; BDNF-AS and 17A in the sera of Egyptian patients with idiopathic generalized and symptomatic focal epilepsy and correlated their levels with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated cAMP reaction element -binding protein (p-CREB), gamma- aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate, to underline their related molecular mechanism. A total of 70 epileptic patients were divided into two clinical types, besides 30 healthy controls of matched age and sex. The expression levels of both lncRNAs were markedly upregulated in epileptic groups versus the healthy control group with predominance in the symptomatic focal one. Epileptic patients showed significantly lower levels of BDNF, p-CREB, GABA along with significant increase of glutamate levels and glutamate/ GABA ratio, especially in symptomatic focal versus idiopathic generalized epileptic ones. The obtained data raised the possibility that these lncRNAs might be involved in the pathogenesis of epilepsy via inhibition of GABA/p-CREB/BDNF pathway. The study shed light on the putative role of these lncRNAs in better diagnosis of epilepsy, particularly symptomatic focal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya A Zayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mae M Seleem
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A Darwish
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Amira A Shaheen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Simmons SC, Grecco GG, Atwood BK, Nugent FS. Effects of prenatal opioid exposure on synaptic adaptations and behaviors across development. Neuropharmacology 2023; 222:109312. [PMID: 36334764 PMCID: PMC10314127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we focus on prenatal opioid exposure (POE) given the significant concern for the mental health outcomes of children with parents affected by opioid use disorder (OUD) in the view of the current opioid crisis. We highlight some of the less explored interactions between developmental age and sex on synaptic plasticity and associated behavioral outcomes in preclinical POE research. We begin with an overview of the rich literature on hippocampal related behaviors and plasticity across POE exposure paradigms. We then discuss recent work on reward circuit dysregulation following POE. Additional risk factors such as early life stress (ELS) could further influence synaptic and behavioral outcomes of POE. Therefore, we include an overview on the use of preclinical ELS models where ELS exposure during key critical developmental periods confers considerable vulnerability to addiction and stress psychopathology. Here, we hope to highlight the similarity between POE and ELS on development and maintenance of opioid-induced plasticity and altered opioid-related behaviors where similar enduring plasticity in reward circuits may occur. We conclude the review with some of the limitations that should be considered in future investigations. This article is part of the Special Issue on 'Opioid-induced addiction'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Simmons
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Greg G Grecco
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Brady K Atwood
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Fereshteh S Nugent
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Dietary vitamin B6 restriction aggravates neurodegeneration in mice fed a high-fat diet. Life Sci 2022; 309:121041. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Conditioned-medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth prevent apoptosis of neural progenitors. Saudi Dent J 2022; 34:565-571. [PMID: 36267534 PMCID: PMC9577352 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective ability of the conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (CM-SHED) to prevent glutamate-induced apoptosis of neural progenitors. Materials and methods Neural progenitors were isolated from two-day-old rat brains, and the conditioned medium was obtained from a mesenchymal stem cell SHED. Four groups were examined: neural progenitor cells cultured in neurobasal medium with (N + ) and without (N-) glutamate and glycine, and neural progenitor cells cultured in CM-SHED with (K + ) and without (K-) glutamate and glycine. Results The expression of GABA A1 receptor (GABAAR1) messenger RNA (mRNA) in neural progenitor measured by real-time quantitative PCR. GABA contents were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, whereas the apoptosis markers caspase-3 and 7-aminoactinomycin D were analysed with a Muse® cell analyzer. The viability of neural progenitor cells in the K + group (78.05 %) was higher than the control group N- (73.22 %) and lower in the N + group (68.90 %) than in the control group. The K + group showed the highest GABA content, which significantly differed from that in the other groups, whereas the lowest content was observed in the N + group. The expression level of GABAAR1 mRNA in the K + group was the highest compared to that in the other groups. CM-SHED potently protected the neural progenitors from apoptosis. Conclusions CM-SHED may effectively prevent glutamate-induced apoptosis of neural progenitors.
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Lattanzi D, Savelli D, Pagliarini M, Cuppini R, Ambrogini P. Short-Term, Voluntary Exercise Affects Morpho-Functional Maturation of Adult-Generated Neurons in Rat Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126866. [PMID: 35743307 PMCID: PMC9224999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is a well-proven neurogenic stimulus, promoting neuronal progenitor proliferation and affecting newborn cell survival. Besides, it has beneficial effects on brain health and cognition. Previously, we found that three days of physical activity in a very precocious period of adult-generated granule cell life is able to antedate the appearance of the first GABAergic synaptic contacts and increase T-type Ca2+ channel expression. Considering the role of GABA and Ca2+ in fostering neuronal maturation, in this study, we used short-term, voluntary exercise on a running wheel to investigate if it is able to induce long-term morphological and synaptic changes in newborn neurons. Using adult male rats, we found that: (i) three days of voluntary physical exercise can definitively influence the morpho-functional maturation process of newborn granule neurons when applied very early during their development; (ii) a significant percentage of new neurons show more mature morphological characteristics far from the end of exercise protocol; (iii) the long-term morphological effects result in enhanced synaptic plasticity. Present findings demonstrate that the morpho-functional changes induced by exercise on very immature adult-generated neurons are permanent, affecting the neuron maturation and integration in hippocampal circuitry. Our data contribute to underpinning the beneficial potential of physical activity on brain health, also performed for short times.
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Zavalin K, Hassan A, Fu C, Delpire E, Lagrange AH. Loss of KCC2 in GABAergic Neurons Causes Seizures and an Imbalance of Cortical Interneurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:826427. [PMID: 35370549 PMCID: PMC8966887 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.826427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
K-Cl transporter KCC2 is an important regulator of neuronal development and neuronal function at maturity. Through its canonical transporter role, KCC2 maintains inhibitory responses mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptors. During development, late onset of KCC2 transporter activity defines the period when depolarizing GABAergic signals promote a wealth of developmental processes. In addition to its transporter function, KCC2 directly interacts with a number of proteins to regulate dendritic spine formation, cell survival, synaptic plasticity, neuronal excitability, and other processes. Either overexpression or loss of KCC2 can lead to abnormal circuit formation, seizures, or even perinatal death. GABA has been reported to be especially important for driving migration and development of cortical interneurons (IN), and we hypothesized that properly timed onset of KCC2 expression is vital to this process. To test this hypothesis, we created a mouse with conditional knockout of KCC2 in Dlx5-lineage neurons (Dlx5 KCC2 cKO), which targets INs and other post-mitotic GABAergic neurons in the forebrain starting during embryonic development. While KCC2 was first expressed in the INs of layer 5 cortex, perinatal IN migrations and laminar localization appeared to be unaffected by the loss of KCC2. Nonetheless, the mice had early seizures, failure to thrive, and premature death in the second and third weeks of life. At this age, we found an underlying change in IN distribution, including an excess number of somatostatin neurons in layer 5 and a decrease in parvalbumin-expressing neurons in layer 2/3 and layer 6. Our research suggests that while KCC2 expression may not be entirely necessary for early IN migration, loss of KCC2 causes an imbalance in cortical interneuron subtypes, seizures, and early death. More work will be needed to define the specific cellular basis for these findings, including whether they are due to abnormal circuit formation versus the sequela of defective IN inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Zavalin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anjana Hassan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Cary Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Eric Delpire
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Andre H. Lagrange
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States,Department of Neurology, Tennessee Valley Healthcare – Veterans Affairs (TVH VA), Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States,*Correspondence: Andre H. Lagrange,
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8
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Barki M, Xue H. GABRB2, a key player in neuropsychiatric disorders and beyond. Gene 2022; 809:146021. [PMID: 34673206 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The GABA receptors represent the main inhibitory system in the central nervous system that ensure synaptogenesis, neurogenesis, and the regulation of neuronal plasticity and learning. GABAA receptors are pentameric in structure and belong to the Cys-loop superfamily. The GABRB2 gene, located on chromosome 5q34, encodes the β2 subunit that combines with the α and γ subunits to form the major subtype of GABAA receptors, which account for 43% of all GABAA receptors in the mammalian brain. Each subunit probably consists of an extracellular N-terminal domain, four membrane-spanning segments, a large intracellular loop between TM3 and TM4, and an extracellular C-terminal domain. Alternative splicing of the RNA transcript of the GABRB2 gene gives rise at least to four long and short isoforms with dissimilar electrophysiological properties. Furthermore, GABRB2 is imprinted and subjected to epigenetic regulation and positive selection. It has been associated with schizophrenia first in Han Chinese, and subsequently validated in other populations. Gabrb2 knockout mice also exhibited schizophrenia-like behavior and neuroinflammation that were ameliorated by the antipsychotic drug risperidone. GABRB2 was also associated with other neuropsychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, substance dependence, depression, internet gaming disorder, and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Recently, it has been postulated that GABRB2 might be a potential marker for different cancer types. As GABRB2 has a pivotal role in the central nervous system and is increasingly recognized to contribute to human diseases, further understanding of its structure and function may expedite the generation of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manel Barki
- Center for Cancer Genomics, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Xue
- Center for Cancer Genomics, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Division of Life Science and Applied Genomics Center, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
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Birey F, Li MY, Gordon A, Thete MV, Valencia AM, Revah O, Paşca AM, Geschwind DH, Paşca SP. Dissecting the molecular basis of human interneuron migration in forebrain assembloids from Timothy syndrome. Cell Stem Cell 2021; 29:248-264.e7. [PMID: 34990580 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Defects in interneuron migration can disrupt the assembly of cortical circuits and lead to neuropsychiatric disease. Using forebrain assembloids derived by integration of cortical and ventral forebrain organoids, we have previously discovered a cortical interneuron migration defect in Timothy syndrome (TS), a severe neurodevelopmental disease caused by a mutation in the L-type calcium channel (LTCC) Cav1.2. Here, we find that acute pharmacological modulation of Cav1.2 can regulate the saltation length, but not the frequency, of interneuron migration in TS. Interestingly, the defect in saltation length is related to aberrant actomyosin and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation, while the defect in saltation frequency is driven by enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) sensitivity and can be restored by GABA-A receptor antagonism. Finally, we describe hypersynchronous hCS network activity in TS that is exacerbated by interneuron migration. Taken together, these studies reveal a complex role of LTCC function in human cortical interneuron migration and strategies to restore deficits in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikri Birey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min-Yin Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aaron Gordon
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Mayuri V Thete
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alfredo M Valencia
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Omer Revah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anca M Paşca
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel H Geschwind
- Program in Neurogenetics, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Institute of Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sergiu P Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Brain Organogenesis, Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Horvath PM, Chanaday NL, Alten B, Kavalali ET, Monteggia LM. A subthreshold synaptic mechanism regulating BDNF expression and resting synaptic strength. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109467. [PMID: 34348149 PMCID: PMC8371576 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that protein translation can be regulated by spontaneous excitatory neurotransmission. However, the impact of spontaneous neurotransmitter release on gene transcription remains unclear. Here, we study the effects of the balance between inhibitory and excitatory spontaneous neurotransmission on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulation and synaptic plasticity. Blockade of spontaneous inhibitory events leads to an increase in the transcription of Bdnf and Npas4 through altered synaptic calcium signaling, which can be blocked by antagonism of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Transcription is bidirectionally altered by manipulating spontaneous inhibitory, but not excitatory, currents. Moreover, blocking spontaneous inhibitory events leads to multiplicative downscaling of excitatory synaptic strength in a manner that is dependent on both transcription and BDNF signaling. These results reveal a role for spontaneous inhibitory neurotransmission in BDNF signaling that sets excitatory synaptic strength at rest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M Horvath
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Neuroscience, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Natali L Chanaday
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Baris Alten
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Ege T Kavalali
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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Atapour N, Worthy KH, Rosa MGP. Neurochemical changes in the primate lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of striate cortex in infancy and adulthood: implications for residual vision and blindsight. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:2763-2775. [PMID: 33743077 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02257-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following lesions of the primary visual cortex (V1), the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) undergoes substantial cell loss due to retrograde degeneration. However, visually responsive neurons remain in the degenerated sector of LGN, and these have been implicated in mediation of residual visual capacities that remain within the affected sectors of the visual field. Using immunohistochemistry, we compared the neurochemical characteristics of LGN neurons in V1-lesioned marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) with those of non-lesioned control animals. We found that GABAergic neurons form approximately 6.5% of the neuronal population in the normal LGN, where most of these cells express the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin. Following long-term V1 lesions in adult monkeys, we observed a marked increase (~ sevenfold) in the proportion of GABA-expressing neurons in the degenerated sector of the LGN, indicating that GABAergic cells are less affected by retrograde degeneration in comparison with magno- and parvocellular projection neurons. In addition, following early postnatal V1 lesions and survival into adulthood, we found widespread expression of GABA in putative projection neurons, even outside the degenerated sectors (lesion projection zones). Our findings show that changes in the ratio of GABAergic neurons in LGN need to be taken into account in the interpretation of the mechanisms of visual abilities that survive V1 lesions in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiseh Atapour
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Katrina H Worthy
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Marcello G P Rosa
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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12
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Sarcopenia and Cognitive Function: Role of Myokines in Muscle Brain Cross-Talk. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11020173. [PMID: 33672427 PMCID: PMC7926334 DOI: 10.3390/life11020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome characterized by the progressive degeneration of muscle mass and function, and it is associated with severe complications, which are falls, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Sarcopenia is associated with cognitive impairment, defined as a decline in one or more cognitive domains as language, memory, reasoning, social cognition, planning, making decisions, and solving problems. Although the exact mechanism relating to sarcopenia and cognitive function has not yet been defined, several studies have shown that skeletal muscle produces and secrete molecules, called myokines, that regulate brain functions, including mood, learning, locomotor activity, and neuronal injury protection, showing the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk. Moreover, studies conducted on physical exercise supported the existence of muscle-brain cross-talk, showing how physical activity, changing myokines' circulating levels, exerts beneficial effects on the brain. The review mainly focuses on describing the role of myokines on brain function and their involvement in cognitive impairment in sarcopenia.
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Gravesteijn E, Mensink RP, Plat J. Effects of nutritional interventions on BDNF concentrations in humans: a systematic review. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1425-1436. [PMID: 33427118 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1865758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in brain and metabolic health. The fact that higher concentrations are associated with improved cognitive performance has resulted in numerous intervention trials that aim at elevating BDNF levels. This systematic review provides an overview of the relation between various nutritional factors and BDNF concentrations in controlled human intervention studies. Methods: A systematic search in May 2020 identified 48 articles that examined the effects of dietary patterns or foods (n = 3), diets based on energy intake (n = 7), vitamins and minerals (n = 7), polyphenols (n = 11), long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n = 5), probiotics (n = 8), and miscellaneous food supplements (n = 7). Results: In particular, studies with dietary patterns or foods showed increased peripheral BDNF concentrations. There are also strong indications that polyphenols tend to have a positive effect on BDNF concentrations. Four of the 11 included studies with a polyphenol intervention showed a significant increase in BDNF concentrations, one study showed an increase but this was not statistically analyzed, and two studies showed a trend to an increase. Discussion: The two polyphenol classes, phenolic acids, and other phenolic compounds were responsible for the significant effects. No clear effect was found for the other dietary factors, which might also be related to whether serum or plasma was used for BDNF analysis. More work is needed to understand the relation between peripheral and central BDNF concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elske Gravesteijn
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ronald P Mensink
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, Netherlands
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14
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Chou LY, Chao YM, Peng YC, Lin HC, Wu YL. Glucosamine Enhancement of BDNF Expression and Animal Cognitive Function. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25163667. [PMID: 32806562 PMCID: PMC7465318 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is an important factor for memory consolidation and cognitive function. Protein kinase A (PKA) signaling interacts significantly with BDNF-provoked downstream signaling. Glucosamine (GLN), a common dietary supplement, has been demonstrated to perform a variety of beneficial physiological functions. In the current study, an in vivo model of 7-week-old C57BL/6 mice receiving daily intraperitoneal injection of GLN (0, 3, 10 and 30 mg/animal) was subjected to the novel object recognition test in order to determine cognitive performance. GLN significantly increased cognitive function. In the hippocampus GLN elevated tissue cAMP concentrations and CREB phosphorylation, and upregulated the expression of BDNF, CREB5 and the BDNF receptor TrkB, but it reduced PDE4B expression. With the in vitro model in the HT22 hippocampal cell line, GLN exposure significantly increased protein and mRNA levels of BDNF and CREB5 and induced cAMP responsive element (CRE) reporter activity; the GLN-mediated BDNF expression and CRE reporter induction were suppressed by PKA inhibitor H89. Our current findings suggest that GLN can exert a cognition-enhancing function and this may act at least in part by upregulating the BDNF levels via a cAMP/PKA/CREB-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Yu Chou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.), (Y.-M.C.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Yu-Ming Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.), (Y.-M.C.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Yen-Chun Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan;
| | - Hui-Ching Lin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.), (Y.-M.C.); (H.-C.L.)
| | - Yuh-Lin Wu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (L.-Y.C.), (Y.-M.C.); (H.-C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7081; Fax: +886-2-2826-4049
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15
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The role of hippocampal GABA A receptors on anxiolytic effects of Echium amoenum extract in a mice model of restraint stress. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:6487-6496. [PMID: 32778988 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Echium amoenum (EA), a popular medicinal plant in Persian medicine, has anxiolytic, antioxidant, sedative, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study examined whether GABA-ergic signaling is involved in the anxiolytic effects of EA in mice. Sixty BALB/c mice (25-30 g) were divided into six groups (n = 10) as follows: the (I) control group received 10 ml/kg normal saline (NS). In the stress groups, the animals underwent 14 consecutive days of restraint stress (RS), and received following treatments simultaneously; (II) RS + NS; (III) RS + Diaz (Diazepam); (IV) RS + EA; (V) RS + Flu (Flumazenil) + EA; (VI) RS + Flu + Diaz. Behavioral tests including the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were performed to evaluate anxiety-like behaviors and the effects of the regimens. The plasma level of corticosterone and the hippocampal protein expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, CREB, and BDNF, as well as p-GABAA/GABAA ratio, were also assessed. The findings revealed that chronic administration of EA alone produced anxiolytic effects in both behavioral tests, while diazepam alone or in combination with Flu failed to decrease the anxiety-like behaviors. Furthermore, the p-GABAA/GABAA and p-CREB/CREB ratios, and protein levels of BDNF were significantly increased in the EA-received group. On the other hand, plasma corticosterone levels and the hippocampal IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased by EA. However, pre-treatment with GABAA receptors (GABAA Rs) antagonist, Flu, reversed the anxiolytic and molecular effects of EA in the RS-subjected animals. Our findings confirmed that alternation of GABAAR is involved in the effects of EA against RS-induced anxiety-like behaviors, HPA axis activation, and neuroinflammation.
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16
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Gu F, Parada I, Yang T, Longo FM, Prince DA. Partial Activation of TrkB Receptors Corrects Interneuronal Calcium Channel Dysfunction and Reduces Epileptogenic Activity in Neocortex following Injury. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5180-5189. [PMID: 32488246 PMCID: PMC7391412 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased GABAergic inhibition due to dysfunction of inhibitory interneurons plays an important role in post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Reduced N-current Ca2+ channel function in GABAergic terminals contributes to interneuronal abnormalities and neural circuit hyperexcitability in the partial neocortical isolation (undercut, UC) model of post-traumatic epileptogenesis. Because brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) supports the development and maintenance of interneurons, we hypothesized that the activation of BDNF tropomyosin kinase B (TrkB) receptors by a small molecule, TrkB partial agonist, PTX BD4-3 (BD), would correct N channel abnormalities and enhance inhibitory synaptic transmission in UC cortex. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and western blots were used to quantify N- and P/Q-type channels. We recorded evoked (e)IPSCs and responses to N and P/Q channel blockers to determine the effects of BD on channel function. Field potential recordings were used to determine the effects of BD on circuit hyperexcitability. Chronic BD treatment 1) upregulated N and P/Q channel immunoreactivity in GABAergic terminals; 2) increased the effects of N or P/Q channel blockade on evoked inhibitory postsynaptic currents (eIPSCs); 3) increased GABA release probability and the frequency of sIPSCs; and 4) reduced the incidence of epileptiform discharges in UC cortex. The results suggest that chronic TrkB activation is a promising approach for rescuing injury-induced calcium channel abnormalities in inhibitory terminals, thereby improving interneuronal function and suppressing circuit hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - Isabel Parada
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
| | - David A Prince
- Department of Neurology & Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5122, USA
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17
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Oo EM, Ruamyod K, Khowawisetsut L, Turbpaiboon C, Chaisuksunt V, Uawithya P, Pholphana N, Rangkadilok N, Chompoopong S. Germinated Brown Rice Attenuates Cell Death in Vascular Cognitive Impaired Mice and Glutamate-Induced Toxicity In HT22 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5093-5106. [PMID: 32275827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b07957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Germinated brown rice (GBR) with unpolishing, soaking, and germinating processes can improve the texture, flavor, and nutritional value, including GABA and phenolic contents. The effect of GBR was first investigated in vascular cognitive impaired mice and glutamate-induced toxicity in HT22 cells with respect to standard pure GABA. Feeding mice with GBR for 5 weeks showed neuroprotection. In this study, the modified bilateral common carotid artery occlusion mice model was mild but a significant difference in cognitive impairment was still shown. Like pure GABA, GBR decreased cognitive deficits in memory behavioral tests and significantly attenuated hippocampal neuronal cell death at P < 0.001. Similarly to 0.125 μM of GABA, 100 μg/mL of GBR increased HT22 cell viability after glutamate toxicity. GBR affected less apoptotic cell death and less blocking by the GABAA antangonist bicuculline in comparison to GABA. When the results are taken together, the underlying mechanism of GBR protection may mediate though the GABAA receptor and its phenolic contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Mon Oo
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Katesirin Ruamyod
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Ladawan Khowawisetsut
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Chairat Turbpaiboon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Vipavadee Chaisuksunt
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Panapat Uawithya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Nanthanit Pholphana
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Nuchanart Rangkadilok
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute (CRI), Kamphaeng Phet 6, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Supin Chompoopong
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
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18
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Schlegel P, Novotny M, Klimova B, Valis M. “Muscle-Gut-Brain Axis”: Can Physical Activity Help Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease Due to Microbiome Modulation? J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:861-878. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Schlegel
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Education, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Novotny
- Biomedical Research Centrum, University Hospital Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Klimova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Applied Linguistics, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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19
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Mucellini AB, Laureano DP, Silveira PP, Sanvitto GL. Maternal and post-natal obesity alters long-term memory and hippocampal molecular signaling of male rat. Brain Res 2019; 1708:138-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Required for the Neuroprotective Effect of Mifepristone on Immature Purkinje Cells in Cerebellar Slice Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020285. [PMID: 30642045 PMCID: PMC6359295 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-dependent activity induces death of developing Purkinje neurons in mouse organotypic cerebellar cultures and the synthetic steroid mifepristone blocks this effect. Here, using brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) heterozygous mice, we show that BDNF plays no role in immature Purkinje cell death. However, interestingly, BDNF haploinsufficiency impairs neuronal survival induced by mifepristone and GABAA-receptors antagonist (bicuculline) treatments, indicating that the underlying neuroprotective mechanism requires the neurotrophin full expression.
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21
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GABA-Induced Intracellular Mg2+ Mobilization Integrates and Coordinates Cellular Information Processing for the Maturation of Neural Networks. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3984-3991.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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22
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Li Z, Zhu H, Zhang L, Qin C. The intestinal microbiome and Alzheimer's disease: A review. Animal Model Exp Med 2018; 1:180-188. [PMID: 30891563 PMCID: PMC6388077 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative disease. Since the intestinal microbiome is closely related to nervous system diseases, alterations in the composition of intestinal microbiota could potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. However, how the initial interactions with intestinal microbes alter events later in life, such as during neurodegenerative diseases, is still unclear. This review summarizes what is known about the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Li
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Hua Zhu
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ling Zhang
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Medical Laboratory Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical CenterPeking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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23
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Porcher C, Medina I, Gaiarsa JL. Mechanism of BDNF Modulation in GABAergic Synaptic Transmission in Healthy and Disease Brains. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:273. [PMID: 30210299 PMCID: PMC6121065 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mature healthy mammalian neuronal networks, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) mediates synaptic inhibition by acting on GABAA and GABAB receptors (GABAAR, GABABR). In immature networks and during numerous pathological conditions the strength of GABAergic synaptic inhibition is much less pronounced. In these neurons the activation of GABAAR produces paradoxical depolarizing action that favors neuronal network excitation. The depolarizing action of GABAAR is a consequence of deregulated chloride ion homeostasis. In addition to depolarizing action of GABAAR, the GABABR mediated inhibition is also less efficient. One of the key molecules regulating the GABAergic synaptic transmission is the brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF and its precursor proBDNF, can be released in an activity-dependent manner. Mature BDNF operates via its cognate receptors tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) whereas proBDNF binds the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). In this review article, we discuss recent finding illuminating how mBDNF-TrkB and proBDNF-p75NTR signaling pathways regulate GABA related neurotransmission under physiological conditions and during epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe Porcher
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U901, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Marseille, France
| | - Igor Medina
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U901, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gaiarsa
- Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U901, Marseille, France.,Institut de Neurobiologie de la Méditerranée (INMED), Marseille, France
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24
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Levy MJF, Boulle F, Steinbusch HW, van den Hove DLA, Kenis G, Lanfumey L. Neurotrophic factors and neuroplasticity pathways in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:2195-2220. [PMID: 29961124 PMCID: PMC6061771 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4950-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a major health problem with a high prevalence and a heavy socioeconomic burden in western societies. It is associated with atrophy and impaired functioning of cortico-limbic regions involved in mood and emotion regulation. It has been suggested that alterations in neurotrophins underlie impaired neuroplasticity, which may be causally related to the development and course of depression. Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests that antidepressant treatment may exert its beneficial effects by enhancing trophic signaling on neuronal and synaptic plasticity. However, current antidepressants still show a delayed onset of action, as well as lack of efficacy. Hence, a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of depression, as well as in the action of antidepressants, might provide further insight to drive the development of novel fast-acting and more effective therapies. Here, we summarize the current literature on the involvement of neurotrophic factors in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression. Further, we advocate that future development of antidepressants should be based on the neurotrophin theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J F Levy
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Fabien Boulle
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Harry W Steinbusch
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniël L A van den Hove
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Gunter Kenis
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurence Lanfumey
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences (Inserm U894), Université Paris Descartes, 102-108 rue de la santé, 75014, Paris, France.
- EURON-European Graduate School of Neuroscience, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Moshé SL. The 2017 Sachs Lecture: Kindling Knowledge in Epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 2018; 85:5-12. [PMID: 29958806 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon L Moshé
- Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Montefiore/Einstein Epilepsy Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
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26
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Peng ML, Li SN, He QQ, Zhao JL, Li LL, Ma HT. Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1210-1219. [PMID: 29806083 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS-QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L-glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2-oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L-glutamine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S N Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Q He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J L Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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27
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Machaalani R, Chen H. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and nicotine. Neurotoxicology 2018; 65:186-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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28
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Stachowicz K. The role of DSCAM in the regulation of synaptic plasticity: possible involvement in neuropsychiatric disorders. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2018. [DOI: 10.21307/ane-2018-019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Kight KE, McCarthy MM. Sex differences and estrogen regulation of BDNF gene expression, but not propeptide content, in the developing hippocampus. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:345-354. [PMID: 27870444 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Sex differences in adult brain function are frequently determined developmentally through the actions of steroid hormones during sensitive periods of prenatal and early postnatal life. In rodents, various cellular end points of the developing brain are affected by estradiol that is derived from the aromatization of circulating testosterone and/or synthesized within the brain. We have previously described a sex difference in neurogenesis in the hippocampus of neonatal rats that is modulated by estradiol. In this report, we examined a potential downstream regulator of the effects of estradiol on hippocampal cell proliferation by measuring gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophin (BDNF) in male and female neonatal rats in response to estradiol. Males had higher baseline BDNF gene expression in dentate gyrus and CA1 regions of the hippocampus compared with females. Neonatal administration of exogenous estradiol resulted in opposite effects on BDNF expression in these areas of the neonatal hippocampus, such that BDNF transcripts increased in CA1 but decreased in dentate. Blocking endogenous estradiol signaling by antagonizing estrogen receptors decreased BDNF expression in the dentate of males, but not females, and had no effect in CA1. Interestingly, this sex difference and response to estradiol was not mirrored by translational output, as no differences in BDNF precursor peptide were observed. The sex- and region-specific effects of estradiol on BDNF expression in the neonatal hippocampus suggest a complex functional relationship between these pleiotropic factors in regulating developmental neurogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Kight
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Margaret M McCarthy
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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30
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Depolarizing, inhibitory GABA type A receptor activity regulates GABAergic synapse plasticity via ERK and BDNF signaling. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:324-339. [PMID: 29074304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) begins as the key excitatory neurotransmitter in newly forming circuits, with chloride efflux from GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) producing membrane depolarization, which promotes calcium entry, dendritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis. As development proceeds, GABAergic signaling switches to inhibitory hyperpolarizing neurotransmission. Despite the evidence of impaired GABAergic neurotransmission in neurodevelopmental disorders, little is understood on how agonist-dependent GABAAR activation controls the formation and plasticity of GABAergic synapses. We have identified a weakly depolarizing and inhibitory GABAAR response in cortical neurons that occurs during the transition period from GABAAR depolarizing excitation to hyperpolarizing inhibitory activity. We show here that treatment with the GABAAR agonist muscimol mediates structural changes that diminish GABAergic synapse strength through postsynaptic and presynaptic plasticity via intracellular Ca2+ stores, ERK and BDNF/TrkB signaling. Muscimol decreases synaptic localization of surface γ2 GABAARs and gephyrin postsynaptic scaffold while β2/3 non-γ2 GABAARs accumulate in the synapse. Concurrent with this structural plasticity, muscimol treatment decreases synaptic currents while enhancing the γ2 containing benzodiazepine sensitive GABAAR tonic current in an ERK dependent manner. We further demonstrate that GABAAR activation leads to a decrease in presynaptic GAD65 levels via BDNF/TrkB signaling. Together these data reveal a novel mechanism for agonist induced GABAergic synapse plasticity that can occur on the timescale of minutes, contributing to rapid modification of synaptic and circuit function.
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31
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Erisgin Z, Ayas B, Nyengaard JR, Ercument Beyhun N, Terzi Y. The neurotoxic effects of prenatal gabapentin and oxcarbazepine exposure on newborn rats. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2017; 32:461-471. [PMID: 28931341 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1383378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Teratogenicity is a problematic issue for pregnant women because of X-ray radiation, drugs, and genetic and unknown variables. First-generation antiepileptic drugs (AED) like valproic acid are well-known teratogens for developing fetuses. However, their usage is necessary in order to prevent maternal seizures. The underlying mechanism of birth defects associated with AED exposure remains unclear and information about the neurotoxic effects of prenatal exposure to AED is still limited. Oxcarbazepine (OXC) and gabapentin (GBP) are second-generation AED. It still remains unclear how much these drugs are safe during pregnancy. This study aimed to investigate whether any neurotoxic effect of OXC and GBP in utero exposure on the developing brain. METHODS Eighteen pregnant Wistar albino rats were divided into six groups. The first group was exposed to OXC at 100 mg/kg/day, the second to GBP at 50 mg/kg/day, and third to saline (0.9% NaCl) at 1.5 ml/day between the first and the fifth days of gestation. The same procedure was applied at the same dosages between the 6th and the 15th days of gestation for the 2nd three groups. Five female offspring (total n = 30, 45 days old) were taken from each group and stereological methods were applied in order to analyze the total and dopaminergic neuron number of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). CONCLUSION The result is that the OXC and GBP exposure at different gestational periods may not give rise to congenital malformation and it appears that the GBP exposure during the organogenesis period proliferatively affects the total number of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuleyha Erisgin
- a Department of Histology and Embryology , Giresun University, Faculty of Medicine , Giresun , Turkey
| | - Bulent Ayas
- b Department of Histology and Embryology , Ondokuz Mayıs University, Faculty of Medicine , Samsun , Turkey
| | - Jens R Nyengaard
- c Stereology and Electron Microscopy Laboratory , Aarhus University Hospital , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - N Ercument Beyhun
- d Department of Public Health , Black Sea Technical University, Faculty of Medicine , Trabzon , Turkey
| | - Yuksel Terzi
- e Department of Statistic, Faculty of Fine and Art , Ondokuz Mayıs University , Samsun , Turkey
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32
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Wu X, Li D, Liu J, Diao L, Ling S, Li Y, Gao J, Fan Q, Sun W, Li Q, Zhao D, Zhong G, Cao D, Liu M, Wang J, Zhao S, Liu Y, Bai G, Shi H, Xu Z, Wang J, Xue C, Jin X, Yuan X, Li H, Liu C, Sun H, Li J, Li Y, Li Y. Dammarane Sapogenins Ameliorates Neurocognitive Functional Impairment Induced by Simulated Long-Duration Spaceflight. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:315. [PMID: 28611667 PMCID: PMC5446991 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the occurrence of cognitive impairment in astronauts under spaceflight compound conditions, but the underlying mechanisms and countermeasures need to be explored. In this study, we found that learning and memory abilities were significantly reduced in rats under a simulated long-duration spaceflight environment (SLSE), which includes microgravity, isolation confinement, noises, and altered circadian rhythms. Dammarane sapogenins (DS), alkaline hydrolyzed products of ginsenosides, can enhance cognition function by regulating brain neurotransmitter levels and inhibiting SLSE-induced neuronal injury. Bioinformatics combined with experimental verification identified that the PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway was inhibited and the MAPK pathway was activated during SLSE-induced cognition dysfunction, whereas DS substantially ameliorated the changes in brain. These findings defined the characteristics of SLSE-induced cognitive decline and the mechanisms by which DS improves it. The results provide an effective candidate for improving cognitive function in spaceflight missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Proteome Research CenterBeijing, China
| | - Junlian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Lihong Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing Proteome Research CenterBeijing, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Jianyi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Quanchun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Dengchao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing, China
| | - Jiaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Guie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Hongzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Zi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Chunmei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Hongxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Sun
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Yongzhi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, The Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Applications, China Astronaut Research and Training CenterBeijing, China
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33
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Ascenzi M, Bony G. The building of the neocortex with non-hyperpolarizing neurotransmitters. Dev Neurobiol 2017; 77:1023-1037. [PMID: 28276653 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of the neocortex requires the synergic action of several secreted molecules to achieve the right amount of proliferation, differentiation, and migration of neural cells. Neurons are well known to release neurotransmitters (NTs) in adult and a growing body of evidences describes the presence of NTs already in the embryonic brain, long before the generation of synapses. NTs are classified as inhibitory or excitatory based on the physiological responses of the target neuron. However, this view is challenged by the fact that glycine and GABA NTs are excitatory during development. Many reviews have described the role of nonhyperpolarizing GABA at this stage. Nevertheless, a global consideration of the inhibitory neurotransmitters and their downstream signaling during the embryonic cortical development is still needed. For example, taurine, the most abundant neurotransmitter during development is poorly studied regarding its role during cortical development. In the light of recent discoveries, we will discuss the functions of glycine, GABA, and taurine during embryonic cortical development with an emphasis on their downstream signaling. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1023-1037, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guillaume Bony
- INSERM U1215, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France.,Université de Bordeaux, NeuroCentre Magendie, Bordeaux, France
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34
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Choi YS, Lee B, Hansen KF, Aten S, Horning P, Wheaton KL, Impey S, Hoyt KR, Obrietan K. Status epilepticus stimulates NDEL1 expression via the CREB/CRE pathway in the adult mouse brain. Neuroscience 2016; 331:1-12. [PMID: 27298008 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear distribution element-like 1 (NDEL1/NUDEL) is a mammalian homolog of the Aspergillus nidulans nuclear distribution molecule NudE. NDEL1 plays a critical role in neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth and neuronal positioning during brain development; however within the adult central nervous system, limited information is available regarding NDEL1 expression and functions. Here, the goal was to examine inducible NDEL1 expression in the adult mouse forebrain. Immunolabeling revealed NDEL1 within the forebrain, including the cortex and hippocampus, as well as the midbrain and hypothalamus. Expression was principally localized to perikarya. Using a combination of immunolabeling and RNA seq profiling, we detected a marked and long-lasting upregulation of NDEL1 expression within the hippocampus following a pilocarpine-evoked repetitive seizure paradigm. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis identified a cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) binding site within the CpG island proximal to the NDEL1 gene, and in vivo transgenic repression of CREB led to a marked downregulation of seizure-evoked NDEL1 expression. Together these data indicate that NDEL1 is inducibly expressed in the adult nervous system, and that signaling via the CREB/CRE transcriptional pathway is likely involved. The role of NDEL1 in neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth during development raises the interesting prospect that inducible NDEL1 in the mature nervous system could contribute to the well-characterized structural and functional plasticity resulting from repetitive seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Sik Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science & Technology, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Katelin F Hansen
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sydney Aten
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Paul Horning
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kelin L Wheaton
- Division of Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Soren Impey
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Kari R Hoyt
- Division of Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Karl Obrietan
- Department of Neuroscience, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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35
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Deprez F, Pallotto M, Vogt F, Grabiec M, Virtanen MA, Tyagarajan SK, Panzanelli P, Fritschy JM. Postsynaptic gephyrin clustering controls the development of adult-born granule cells in the olfactory bulb. J Comp Neurol 2016; 523:1998-2016. [PMID: 25772192 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In adult rodent olfactory bulb, GABAergic signaling regulates migration, differentiation, and synaptic integration of newborn granule cells (GCs), migrating from the subventricular zone. Here we show that these effects depend on the formation of a postsynaptic scaffold organized by gephyrin-the main scaffolding protein of GABAergic synapses, which anchors receptors and signaling molecules to the postsynaptic density-and are regulated by the phosphorylation status of gephyrin. Using lentiviral vectors to selectively transfect adult-born GCs, we observed that overexpression of the phospho-deficient gephyrin mutant eGFP-gephyrin(S270A), which facilitates the formation of supernumerary GABAergic synapses in vitro, favors dendritic branching and the formation of transient GABAergic synapses on spines, identified by the presence of α2-GABAA Rs. In contrast, overexpression of the dominant-negative eGFP-gephyrin(L2B) (a chimera that is enzymatically active but clustering defective), curtailed dendritic growth, spine formation, and long-term survival of GCs, pointing to the essential role of gephyrin cluster formation for its function. We could exclude any gephyrin overexpression artifacts, as GCs infected with eGFP-gephyrin were comparable to those infected with eGFP alone. The opposite effects induced by the two gephyrin mutant constructs indicate that the gephyrin scaffold at GABAergic synapses orchestrates signaling cascades acting on the cytoskeleton to regulate neuronal growth and synapse formation. Specifically, gephyrin phosphorylation emerges as a novel mechanism regulating morphological differentiation and long-term survival of adult-born olfactory bulb neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francine Deprez
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Pallotto
- Circuit Dynamics and Connectivity Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fabia Vogt
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marta Grabiec
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mari A Virtanen
- Department of Neurosciences Fondamentales CMU, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shiva K Tyagarajan
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- University of Turin, Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, Turin, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- University of Zurich, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH and University of Zurich, Switzerland
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36
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Piracetam prevents memory deficit induced by postnatal propofol exposure in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 779:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Sun X, Fukami T, Li T, Desai M, Ross MG. Preferential development of neuropeptide Y/GABA circuit in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus in postnatal rats. Brain Res 2016; 1635:27-40. [PMID: 26790345 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamus, which plays a critical role in regulation of energy homeostasis, is formed during the perinatal period and thus vulnerable to fetal/newborn environmental conditions. We investigated synaptogenesis and neurotransmission of neurons in arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (ARH) during the postnatal period using immunohistochemical and electrophysiological methods. Our results show that the density of neuropeptide Y (NPY) fibers increases abruptly after the second postnatal week. NPY and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) immunoreactive fibers/varicosities puncta are mutually juxtaposed to perikarya of both neurons with increasing NPY and decreasing POMC apposition until the third postnatal week. The frequencies of spontaneous GABAergic inhibitory and glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic currents (sIPSC and sEPSC) increase with age, with action potential dependent sIPSCs predominant during first postnatal week and sEPSCs thereafter. The presynaptic function of ARH synapses appears to reach adult levels around the age of weaning, while the postsynaptic receptors are still undergoing modification, evidenced by changes of frequencies, amplitudes and deactivation kinetics of PSCs. The number of NPY fibers juxtaposed to NPY neurons is correlated with the frequency of postsynaptic currents, suggesting that NPY/GABA release may facilitate maturation of synapses on their innervated neurons. Our results indicate that a neural circuit in ARH with a stronger NPY/GABAergic tone undergoes significant development during the postnatal period, which may be important for the maturation and/or remodeling of ARH neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Tatsuya Fukami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Tie Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States
| | - Mina Desai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Michael G Ross
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute and Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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38
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Yi JH, Beak SJ, Lee S, Jung JW, Kim BC, Ryu JH, Kim DH. Danggui-Jakyak-San enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation through the ERK/CREB/BDNF cascade. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 175:481-489. [PMID: 26453932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui-Jakyak-San (DJS), a traditional herbal prescription, has long been used to treat gerontological disorders due to insufficient blood supply. AIM OF THE STUDY Previously, we reported that DJS increased hippocampal neurogenesis and enhanced learning and memory. However, the precise mechanism of DJS and its effects on learning and memory are still not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of DJS on hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular mechanism thought to underlie learning and memory. MATERIALS AND METHODS To understand the effect of DJS on LTP, we used acute mouse hippocampal slices and delivered one train of high frequency stimulation (100 Hz, 100 pulses). Western blots were used to analyze the changes in protein levels induced by DJS. Morris water maze test was used to evaluate the effect of DJS on spatial long-term memory. RESULTS DJS enhanced LTP in the Schaffer-collateral pathway of the hippocampus in a concentration-dependent manner. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) were activated by DJS. Moreover, brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) was also increased by DJS. Blockade of ERK1/2 activation with PD198306 blocked the DJS-induced activation of the ERK1/2/CREB/BDNF cascade and LTP enhancement. In vivo, DJS improved spatial long-term memory and upregulated the hippocampal CREB/BDNF cascade. CONCLUSION These results suggest that DJS enhances hippocampal LTP and spatial memory through the ERK/CREB/BDNF cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jee Hyun Yi
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Soo Ji Beak
- Chonnam-Bristol Frontier Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Jebong-ro, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Aquatic Biomedical Sciences, School of Marine Biomedical Science, College of Ocean Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wook Jung
- Department of Herbal Medicinal Pharmacology, College of Herbal Bio-industry, Daegu Haany University, Kyungsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong C Kim
- Chonnam-Bristol Frontier Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Jebong-ro, Gwangju 501-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and,College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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39
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Ehrlich DE, Josselyn SA. Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala-dependent learning. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 15:125-43. [PMID: 26419764 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Learning about motivationally important stimuli involves plasticity in the amygdala, a temporal lobe structure. Amygdala-dependent learning involves a growing number of plasticity-related signaling pathways also implicated in brain development, suggesting that learning-related signaling in juveniles may simultaneously influence development. Here, we review the pleiotropic functions in nervous system development and amygdala-dependent learning of a signaling pathway that includes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), extracellular signaling-related kinases (ERKs) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB). Using these canonical, plasticity-related genes as an example, we discuss the intersection of learning-related and developmental plasticity in the immature amygdala, when aversive and appetitive learning may influence the developmental trajectory of amygdala function. We propose that learning-dependent activation of BDNF, ERK and CREB signaling in the immature amygdala exaggerates and accelerates neural development, promoting amygdala excitability and environmental sensitivity later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Ehrlich
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Neuroscience Institute, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S A Josselyn
- Program in Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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40
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Fritschy JM. Significance of GABAA Receptor Heterogeneity. DIVERSITY AND FUNCTIONS OF GABA RECEPTORS: A TRIBUTE TO HANNS MÖHLER, PART B 2015; 73:13-39. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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41
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Ren Z, Sahir N, Murakami S, Luellen BA, Earnheart JC, Lal R, Kim JY, Song H, Luscher B. Defects in dendrite and spine maturation and synaptogenesis associated with an anxious-depressive-like phenotype of GABAA receptor-deficient mice. Neuropharmacology 2014; 88:171-9. [PMID: 25107590 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Mice that were rendered heterozygous for the γ2 subunit of GABAA receptors (γ2(+/-) mice) have been characterized extensively as a model for major depressive disorder. The phenotype of these mice includes behavior indicative of heightened anxiety, despair, and anhedonia, as well as defects in hippocampus-dependent pattern separation, HPA axis hyperactivity and increased responsiveness to antidepressant drugs. The γ2(+/-) model thereby provides strong support for the GABAergic deficit hypothesis of major depressive disorder. Here we show that γ2(+/-) mice additionally exhibit specific defects in late stage survival of adult-born hippocampal granule cells, including reduced complexity of dendritic arbors and impaired maturation of synaptic spines. Moreover, cortical γ2(+/-) neurons cultured in vitro show marked deficits in GABAergic innervation selectively when grown under competitive conditions that may mimic the environment of adult-born hippocampal granule cells. Finally, brain extracts of γ2(+/-) mice show a numerical but insignificant trend (p = 0.06) for transiently reduced expression of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at three weeks of age, which might contribute to the previously reported developmental origin of the behavioral phenotype of γ2(+/-) mice. The data indicate increasing congruence of the GABAergic, glutamatergic, stress-based and neurotrophic deficit hypotheses of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ren
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nadia Sahir
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Shoko Murakami
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Beth A Luellen
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - John C Earnheart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rachnanjali Lal
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Ju Young Kim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; The Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Bernhard Luscher
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA; Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders, The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Fukuchi M, Kirikoshi Y, Mori A, Eda R, Ihara D, Takasaki I, Tabuchi A, Tsuda M. Excitatory GABA induces BDNF transcription via CRTC1 and phosphorylated CREB-related pathways in immature cortical cells. J Neurochem 2014; 131:134-46. [PMID: 24965890 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although the excitatory action of GABA has been shown to activate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Using cultured rat cortical cells, we here demonstrated that GABA induced Bdnf mRNA expression mainly via L-type voltage-dependent Ca(2+) channels (L-VDCC) at the early stage and inhibited it at the late stage of the culture, which corresponded to the excitatory and inhibitory states of cortical cells. The excitatory GABA-induced Bdnf mRNA expression was controlled by multiple Ca(2+) signaling pathways including Ca(2+) /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and calcineurin (CN). The Bdnf-promoter IV (Bdnf-pIV) was activated by GABA, mainly via cAMP-response element (CRE)/CREB, and this was prevented by the over-expression of a dominant negative CREB. The nuclear translocation of CREB-regulated transcriptional coactivator 1 (CRTC1) was selectively induced by the GABA-induced CN pathway to activate Bdnf-pIV. On the other hand, GABA-induced Gal4-CREB-dependent transcription, which was controlled by multiple Ca(2+) signaling pathways, was prevented when the serine at position 133 of Gal4-CREB was mutated to alanine. Taken together, the excitatory action of GABA transcriptionally activated Bdnf expression through the combination of nuclear-localized CRTC1 and phosphorylated CREB in immature cortical cells, and may be the molecular mechanisms underlying Bdnf expression to control neuronal development. We demonstrated that GABA induced Bdnf expression at the early stage of the culture, in which GABA exerted its excitatory action. The excitatory GABA-induced Bdnf expression was controlled by multiple Ca(2+) signaling pathways evoked via L-VDCC. Both the CREB coactivator, CRTC1 and CREB phosphorylation participated in excitatory GABA-induced Bdnf transcription. Our present study indicates the mechanism underlying the excitatory GABA-induced Bdnf expression in immature neurons and provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying Bdnf expression to control neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoru Fukuchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuya Kirikoshi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsumi Mori
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Reika Eda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ihara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takasaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Akiko Tabuchi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Masaaki Tsuda
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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Kim SW, Cho KJ. Activity-dependent alterations in the sensitivity to BDNF-TrkB signaling may promote excessive dendritic arborization and spinogenesis in fragile X syndrome in order to compensate for compromised postsynaptic activity. Med Hypotheses 2014; 83:429-35. [PMID: 25113167 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common cause of inherited human mental retardation, results from the loss of function of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). To date, most researchers have thought that FXS neural pathologies are primarily caused by extreme dendritic branching and spine formation. With this rationale, several researchers attempted to prune dendritic branches and reduce the number of spines in FXS animal models. We propose that increased dendritic arborization and spinogenesis in FXS are developed rather as secondary compensatory responses to counteract the compromised postsynaptic activity during uncontrollable metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR)-dependent long-term depression (LTD). When postsynaptic and electrical activities become dampened in FXS, dendritic trees can increase their sensitivity to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) by using the molecular sensor called eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) and taking advantage of the tight coupling of mGluR and BDNF-TrkB signaling pathways. Then, this activity-dependent elevation of the BDNF signaling can strategically alter dendritic morphologies to foster branching and develop spine structures in order to improve the postsynaptic response in FXS. Our model suggests a new therapeutic rationale for FXS: correcting the postsynaptic and electrical activity first, and then repairing structural abnormalities of dendrites. Then, it may be possible to successfully fix the dendritic morphologies without affecting the survival of neurons. Our theory may also be generalized to explain aberrant dendritic structures observed in other neurobehavioral diseases, such as tuberous sclerosis, Rett syndrome, schizophrenia, and channelopathies, which accompany high postsynaptic and electrical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Woo Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, United States.
| | - Kyoung Joo Cho
- Department of Anatomy, BK 21 PLUS for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Guo W, Ji Y, Wang S, Sun Y, Lu B. Neuronal activity alters BDNF-TrkB signaling kinetics and downstream functions. J Cell Sci 2014; 127:2249-60. [PMID: 24634513 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.139964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Differential kinetics of the same signaling pathway might elicit different cellular outcomes. Here, we show that high-frequency neuronal activity converts BDNF-induced TrkB (also known as NTRK2) signaling from a transient to a sustained mode. A prior depolarization (15 mM KCl, 1 hour) resulted in a long-lasting (>24 hours) activation of the TrkB receptor and its downstream signaling, which otherwise lasts less than an hour. The long-term potentiation (LTP)-inducing theta-burst stimulation but not the long-term depression (LTD)-inducing low-frequency stimulation also induced sustained activation of TrkB. This sustained signaling facilitated dendritic branching and rescued neuronal apoptosis induced by glutamate. The change in TrkB signaling kinetics is mediated by Ca(2+) elevation and CaMKII activation, leading to an increase in TrkB expression on the neuronal surface. Physical exercise also alters the kinetics of TrkB phosphorylation induced by exogenous BDNF. Sustained TrkB signaling might serve as a key mechanism underlying the synergistic effects of neuronal activity and BDNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 1 Qinghuayuan Road, Beijing, 100084, China School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 1 Qinghuayuan Road, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- GlaxoSmithKline, R&D China, Building 3, 898 Halei Road, Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shudan Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 1 Qinghuayuan Road, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, 102206, China School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bai Lu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, 1 Qinghuayuan Road, Beijing, 100084, China
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Blecharz-Klin K, Joniec-Maciejak I, Piechal A, Pyrzanowska J, Wawer A, Widy-Tyszkiewicz E. Paracetamol impairs the profile of amino acids in the rat brain. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:95-102. [PMID: 24316461 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In our experiment we investigated the effect of subcutaneous administration of paracetamol on the levels of amino acids in the brain structures. Male Wistar rats received for eight weeks paracetamol at two doses: 10 mg/kg b.w. (group P10, n=9) and 50 mg/kg b.w. per day s.c. (group P50, n=9). The regional brain concentrations of amino acids were determined in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus and striatum of control (Con, n=9) and paracetamol-treated groups using HPLC. Evaluation of the biochemical results indicated considerable decrease of the content of amino acids in the striatum (glutamine, glutamic acid, taurine, alanine, aspartic acid) and hypothalamus (glycine) between groups treated with paracetamol compared to the control. In the prefrontal cortex paracetamol increased the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The present study demonstrated significant effect of the long term paracetamol treatment on the level of amino acids in the striatum, prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Blecharz-Klin
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ilona Joniec-Maciejak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piechal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Pyrzanowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adriana Wawer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Widy-Tyszkiewicz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland.
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Bumetanide, an inhibitor of cation-chloride cotransporter isoform 1, inhibits γ-aminobutyric acidergic excitatory actions and enhances sedative actions of midazolam in neonatal rats. Anesthesiology 2013; 119:1096-108. [PMID: 23788048 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e31829e4b05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that γ-aminobutyric acid exerts excitatory actions on the immature brain due to the increased expression of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1. The authors sought to clarify whether midazolam, a γ-aminobutyric acid-mimetic hypnotic agent, causes neuronal excitation that can be blocked by bumetanide, a selective inhibitor of Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter isoform 1. Furthermore, the authors examined whether bumetanide potentiates the sedative effects of midazolam in neonatal rats. METHODS The authors measured the effects of midazolam with or without bumetanide on the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca](2+)(i)) in hippocampal slices (n=3 in each condition) from rats at postnatal days 4, 7, and 28 (P4, P7, and P28) using fura-2 microfluorometry. Neuronal activity in the hippocampus and thalamus after intraperitoneal administration of midazolam with or without bumetanide was estimated by immunostaining of phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein (n=12 in each condition). Furthermore, the authors assessed effects of bumetanide on the sedative effect of midazolam by measuring righting reflex latency (n=6 in each condition). RESULTS Midazolam significantly increased [Ca](2+)(i) in the CA3 area at P4 and P7 but not at P28. Bumetanide inhibited midazolam-induced increase in [Ca](2+)(i). Midazolam significantly up-regulated phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein expression in a bumetanide-sensitive manner in the hippocampus at P7 but not P28. Bumetanide enhanced the sedative effects of midazolam in P4 and P7 but not P28 rats. CONCLUSION These results suggest that γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor-mediated excitation plays an important role in attenuated sedative effects of midazolam in immature rats.
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Qiao LY, Yu SJ, Kay JC, Xia CM. In vivo regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in dorsal root ganglia is mediated by nerve growth factor-triggered Akt activation during cystitis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81547. [PMID: 24303055 PMCID: PMC3841217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in sensory hypersensitivity has been suggested; however the molecular mechanisms and signal transduction that regulate BDNF expression in primary afferent neurons during visceral inflammation are not clear. Here we used a rat model of cystitis and found that the mRNA and protein levels of BDNF were increased in the L6 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in response to bladder inflammation. BDNF up-regulation in the L6 DRG was triggered by endogenous nerve growth factor (NGF) because neutralization of NGF with a specific NGF antibody reduced BDNF levels during cystitis. The neutralizing NGF antibody also subsequently reduced cystitis-induced up-regulation of the serine/threonine kinase Akt activity in L6 DRG. To examine whether the NGF-induced Akt activation led to BDNF up-regulation in DRG in cystitis, we found that in cystitis the phospho-Akt immunoreactivity was co-localized with BDNF in L6 DRG, and prevention of the endogenous Akt activity in the L6 DRG by inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) with a potent inhibitor LY294002 reversed cystitis-induced BDNF up-regulation. Further study showed that application of NGF to the nerve terminals of the ganglion-nerve two-compartmented preparation enhanced BDNF expression in the DRG neuronal soma; which was reduced by pre-treatment of the ganglia with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and wortmannin. These in vivo and in vitro experiments indicated that NGF played an important role in the activation of Akt and subsequent up-regulation of BDNF in the sensory neurons in visceral inflammation such as cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ya Qiao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sharon J. Yu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jarren C. Kay
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Chun-Mei Xia
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
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Zhu H, Zhao Z, Zhou Y, Chen X, Li Y, Liu X, Lu H, Zhang Y, Zhang J. High-dose glucocorticoid aggravates TBI-associated corticosteroid insufficiency by inducing hypothalamic neuronal apoptosis. Brain Res 2013; 1541:69-80. [PMID: 24103812 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Emerging experimental and clinical data suggest that severe illness, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), can induce critical illness-related corticosteroid insufficiency (CIRCI). However, underlying mechanisms of this TBI-associated CIRCI remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that dexamethasone (DXM), a synthetic glucocorticoid, which was widely used to treat TBI, induces hypothalamic neuronal apoptosis to aggravate CIRCI. To test this hypothesis, we have evaluated the dose effect of DXM (1 or 10mg/kg) on the development of acute CIRCI in rats with fluid percussion injury-induced TBI and on cultured rat hypothalamic neurons in vitro (DXM, 10(-5)-10(-8)mol/L). Corticosterone Increase Index was recorded as the marker for CIRCI. In addition, MTT and TUNEL assays were used to measure the viability and apoptosis of hypothalamic neurons in primary culture. Moreover, high-resolution hopping probe ion conductance microscopy (HPICM) was used to monitor the DXM-induced morphological changes in neurons. The incidence of acute CIRCI was significantly higher in the high-dose DXM group on post-injury day 7. Cellular viability was significantly decreased from 12h to 24h after the treatment with a high-dose of DXM. A significantly increase in TUNEL positive cells were detected in cultured cells treated with a high-dose of DXM after 18h. Neurites of hypothalamic neuron were dramatically thinner and the numbers of dendritic beadings increased in neurons treated with the high dose of DXM for 12h. In conclusion, high-dose DXM induced hypothalamic neurons to undergo apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, which may aggravate TBI-associated CIRCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Neurological Institute, 154 Anshan Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300052, China; Key Laboratory of Post-trauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300052, PR China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin 300052, PR China.
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Alder J, Kallman S, Palmieri A, Khadim F, Ayer JJ, Kumar S, Tsung K, Grinberg I, Thakker-Varia S. Neuropeptide orphanin FQ inhibits dendritic morphogenesis through activation of RhoA. Dev Neurobiol 2013; 73:769-84. [PMID: 23821558 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a facilitatory role in neuronal development and promotion of differentiation. Mechanisms that oppose BDNF's stimulatory effects create balance and regulate dendritic growth. However, these mechanisms have not been studied. We have focused our studies on the BDNF-induced neuropeptide OrphaninFQ/ Nociceptin (OFQ); while BDNF is known to enhance synaptic activity, OFQ has opposite effects on activity, learning, and memory. We have now examined whether OFQ provides a balance to the stimulatory effects of BDNF on neuronal differentiation in the hippocampus. Golgi staining in OFQ knockout (KO) mice revealed an increase in primary dendrite length as well as spine density, suggesting that endogenous OFQ inhibits dendritic morphology. We have also used cultured hippocampal neurons to demonstrate that exogenous OFQ has an inhibitory effect on dendritic growth and that the neuropeptide alters the response to BDNF when pre-administered. To determine if BDNF and OFQ act in a feedback loop, we inhibited the actions of the BDNF and OFQ receptors, TrkB and NOP using ANA-12 and NOP KO mice respectively but our data suggest that the two factors do not act in a negative feedback loop. We found that the inhibition of dendritic morphology induced by OFQ is via enhanced RhoA activity. Finally, we have evidence that RhoA activation is required for the inhibitory effects of OFQ on dendritic morphology. Our results reveal basic mechanisms by which neurons not only regulate the formation of proper dendritic growth during development but also control plasticity in the mature nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Alder
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
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de Jesus Raposo MF, de Morais RMSC, de Morais AMMB. Health applications of bioactive compounds from marine microalgae. Life Sci 2013; 93:479-86. [PMID: 23994664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Marine microalgae and cyanobacteria are very rich in several chemical compounds and, therefore, they may be used in several biological applications related with health benefits, among others. This review brings the research up-to-date on the bioactive compounds produced by marine unicellular algae, directly or indirectly related to human health. It covers and goes through the most studied applications of substances such as PUFA, sterols, proteins and enzymes, vitamins and pigments, in areas so diverse as human and animal nutrition, therapeutics, and aquaculture. The great potential of marine microalgae and the biocoumpounds they produce are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Filomena de Jesus Raposo
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina, Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto. Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
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