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Zhu Y, Cho K, Lacin H, Zhu Y, DiPaola JT, Wilson BA, Patti GJ, Skeath JB. Loss of dihydroceramide desaturase drives neurodegeneration by disrupting endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet homeostasis in glial cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.01.573836. [PMID: 38260379 PMCID: PMC10802327 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.01.573836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Dihydroceramide desaturases convert dihydroceramides to ceramides, the precursors of all complex sphingolipids. Reduction of DEGS1 dihydroceramide desaturase function causes pediatric neurodegenerative disorder hypomyelinating leukodystrophy-18 (HLD-18). We discovered that infertile crescent (ifc), the Drosophila DEGS1 homolog, is expressed primarily in glial cells to promote CNS development by guarding against neurodegeneration. Loss of ifc causes massive dihydroceramide accumulation and severe morphological defects in cortex glia, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion, failure of neuronal ensheathment, and lipid droplet depletion. RNAi knockdown of the upstream ceramide synthase schlank in glia of ifc mutants rescues ER expansion, suggesting dihydroceramide accumulation in the ER drives this phenotype. RNAi knockdown of ifc in glia but not neurons drives neuronal cell death, suggesting that ifc function in glia promotes neuronal survival. Our work identifies glia as the primary site of disease progression in HLD-18 and may inform on juvenile forms of ALS, which also feature elevated dihydroceramide levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Haluk Lacin
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jose T DiPaola
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beth A Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Center for Mass Spectrometry and Metabolic Tracing, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - James B Skeath
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, 4523 Clayton Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Jáñez Pedrayes A, Rymen D, Ghesquière B, Witters P. Glycosphingolipids in congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108434. [PMID: 38489976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a large family of rare disorders affecting the different glycosylation pathways. Defective glycosylation can affect any organ, with varying symptoms among the different CDG. Even between individuals with the same CDG there is quite variable severity. Associating specific symptoms to deficiencies of certain glycoproteins or glycolipids is thus a challenging task. In this review, we focus on the glycosphingolipid (GSL) synthesis pathway, which is still rather unexplored in the context of CDG, and outline the functions of the main GSLs, including gangliosides, and their role in the central nervous system. We provide an overview of GSL studies that have been performed in CDG and show that abnormal GSL levels are not only observed in CDG directly affecting GSL synthesis, but also in better known CDG, such as PMM2-CDG. We highlight the importance of studying GSLs in CDG in order to better understand the pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Jáñez Pedrayes
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Daisy Rymen
- Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bart Ghesquière
- Laboratory of Applied Mass Spectrometry, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Metabolomics Expertise Center, Center for Cancer Biology VIB, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; Center for Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Namiecinska M, Piatek P, Lewkowicz P. Nervonic Acid Synthesis Substrates as Essential Components in Profiled Lipid Supplementation for More Effective Central Nervous System Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3792. [PMID: 38612605 PMCID: PMC11011827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) damage leads to severe neurological dysfunction as a result of neuronal cell death and axonal degeneration. As, in the mature CNS, neurons have little ability to regenerate their axons and reconstruct neural loss, demyelination is one of the hallmarks of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Unfortunately, remyelination, as a regenerative process, is often insufficient to prevent axonal loss and improve neurological deficits after demyelination. Currently, there are still no effective therapeutic tools to restore neurological function, but interestingly, emerging studies prove the beneficial effects of lipid supplementation in a wide variety of pathological processes in the human body. In the future, available lipids with a proven beneficial effect on CNS regeneration could be included in supportive therapy, but this topic still requires further studies. Based on our and others' research, we review the role of exogenous lipids, pointing to substrates that are crucial in the remyelination process but are omitted in available studies, justifying the properly profiled supply of lipids in the human diet as a supportive therapy during CNS regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Namiecinska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 251/A4 Street, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (P.P.); (P.L.)
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Wu L, Wang F, Moncman CL, Pandey M, Clarke HA, Frazier HN, Young LE, Gentry MS, Cai W, Thibault O, Sun RC, Andres DA. RIT1 regulation of CNS lipids RIT1 deficiency Alters cerebral lipid metabolism and reduces white matter tract oligodendrocytes and conduction velocities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20384. [PMID: 37780758 PMCID: PMC10539968 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) generate lipid-rich myelin membranes that wrap axons to enable efficient transmission of electrical impulses. Using a RIT1 knockout mouse model and in situ high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) coupled with MS-based lipidomic analysis to determine the contribution of RIT1 to lipid homeostasis. Here, we report that RIT1 loss is associated with altered lipid levels in the central nervous system (CNS), including myelin-associated lipids within the corpus callosum (CC). Perturbed lipid metabolism was correlated with reduced numbers of OLs, but increased numbers of GFAP+ glia, in the CC, but not in grey matter. This was accompanied by reduced myelin protein expression and axonal conduction deficits. Behavioral analyses revealed significant changes in voluntary locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior in RIT1KO mice. Together, these data reveal an unexpected role for RIT1 in the regulation of cerebral lipid metabolism, which coincide with altered white matter tract oligodendrocyte levels, reduced axonal conduction velocity, and behavioral abnormalities in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Carole L. Moncman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mritunjay Pandey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Harrison A. Clarke
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hilaree N. Frazier
- Department of Pharmacological and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lyndsay E.A. Young
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Matthew S. Gentry
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Weikang Cai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, NY 11568, USA
| | - Olivier Thibault
- Department of Pharmacological and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ramon C. Sun
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Sanders-Brown Center on Aging, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Center for Advanced Spatial Biomolecule Research, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Douglas A. Andres
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY 40536, USA
- Gill Heart and Vascular Institute, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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5
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Grassi S, Cabitta L, Prioni S, Mauri L, Ciampa MG, Yokoyama N, Iwabuchi K, Zorina Y, Prinetti A. Identification of the Lipid Antigens Recognized by rHIgM22, a Remyelination-Promoting Antibody. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1783-1797. [PMID: 36695984 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03859-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Failure of the immune system to discriminate myelin components from foreign antigens plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. In fact, the appearance of anti-myelin autoantibodies, targeting both proteins and glycolipids, is often responsible for functional alterations in myelin-producing cells in this disease. Nevertheless, some of these antibodies were reported to be beneficial for remyelination. Recombinant human IgM22 (rHIgM22) binds to myelin and to the surface of O4-positive oligodendrocytes, and promotes remyelination in mouse models of chronic demyelination. Interestingly, the identity of the antigen recognized by this antibody remains to be elucidated. The preferential binding of rHIgM22 to sulfatide-positive cells or tissues suggests that sulfatide might be part of the antigen pattern recognized by the antibody, however, cell populations lacking sulfatide expression are also responsive to rHIgM22. Thus, we assessed the binding of rHIgM22 in vitro to purified lipids and lipid extracts from various sources to identify the antigen(s) recognized by this antibody. Our results show that rHIgM22 is indeed able to bind both sulfatide and its deacylated form, whereas no significant binding for other myelin sphingolipids has been detected. Remarkably, binding of rHIgM22 to sulfatide in lipid monolayers can be positively or negatively regulated by the presence of other lipids. Moreover, rHIgM22 also binds to phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidic acid, suggesting that not only sulfatide, but also other membrane lipids might play a role in the binding of rHIgM22 to oligodendrocytes and to other cell types not expressing sulfatide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Grassi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy.
| | - Livia Cabitta
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Prioni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Mauri
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Ciampa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Noriko Yokoyama
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Iwabuchi
- Institute for Environmental and Gender Specific Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Urayasu, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Alessandro Prinetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, Segrate, 20090, Milan, Italy
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Hammel G, Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Ren Y. Consequences and mechanisms of myelin debris uptake and processing by cells in the central nervous system. Cell Immunol 2022; 380:104591. [PMID: 36030093 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disorders and trauma involving changes to the neuronal myelin sheath have long been a topic of great interest. One common pathological change in these diseases is the generation of myelin debris resulting from the breakdown of the myelin sheath. Myelin debris contains many inflammatory and neurotoxic factors that inhibit remyelination and make its clearance a prerequisite for healing in CNS disorders. Many professional and semiprofessional phagocytes participate in the clearance of myelin debris in the CNS. These cells use various mechanisms for the uptake of myelin debris, and each cell type produces its own unique set of pathologic consequences resulting from the debris uptake. Examining these cells' phagocytosis of myelin debris will contribute to a more complete understanding of CNS disease pathogenesis and help us conceptualize how the necessary clearance of myelin debris must be balanced with the detrimental consequences brought about by its clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
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Thau-Zuchman O, Pallier PN, Savelkoul PJM, Kuipers AAM, Verkuyl JM, Michael-Titus AT. High phenylalanine concentrations induce demyelination and microglial activation in mouse cerebellar organotypic slices. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926023. [PMID: 36248632 PMCID: PMC9559601 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inborn error of metabolism. Mutations in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH)-encoding gene lead to a decreased metabolism of the amino acid phenylalanine (Phe). The deficiency in PAH increases Phe levels in blood and brain. Accumulation of Phe can lead to delayed development, psychiatric problems and cognitive impairment. White matter (WM) damage is a neuropathological hallmark of PKU and can be seen even in early detected and treated PKU patients. The mechanisms linking high Phe concentrations to WM abnormalities remain unclear. We tested the effects of high Phe concentrations on myelin in three in vitro models of increasing complexity: two simple cell culture models and one model that preserves local brain tissue architecture, a cerebellar organotypic slice culture prepared from postnatal day (P) 8 CD-1 mice. Various Phe concentrations (0.1–10 mM) and durations of exposure were tested. We found no toxic effect of high Phe in the cell culture models. On the contrary, the treatment promoted the maturation of oligodendrocytes, particularly at the highest, non-physiological Phe concentrations. Exposure of cerebellar organotypic slices to 2.4 mM Phe for 21 days in vitro (DIV), but not 7 or 10 DIV, resulted in a significant decrease in myelin basic protein (MBP), calbindin-stained neurites, and neurites co-stained with MBP. Following exposure to a toxic concentration of Phe, a switch to the control medium for 7 days did not lead to remyelination, while very active remyelination was seen in slices following demyelination with lysolecithin. An enhanced number of microglia, displaying an activated type morphology, was seen after exposure of the slices to 2.4 mM Phe for 10 or 21 DIV. The results suggest that prolonged exposure to high Phe concentrations can induce microglial activation preceding significant disruption of myelin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orli Thau-Zuchman
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick N. Pallier
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Patrick N. Pallier,
| | | | | | | | - Adina T. Michael-Titus
- Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, The Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Can M, Sengül T, Demir SA, İnci OK, Basırlı H, Seyrantepe V. Analysis of Brain Lipids in the Early-Onset Tay–Sachs Disease Mouse Model With the Combined Deficiency of β-Hexosaminidase A and Neuraminidase 3. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:892248. [PMID: 36003081 PMCID: PMC9393265 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.892248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tay–Sachs disease is an autosomal recessively inherited lysosomal storage disease that results from loss-of-function mutations in the HEXA gene coding β-hexosaminidase A. HEXA gene deficiency affects the central nervous system owing to GM2 ganglioside accumulation in lysosomes resulting in progressive neurodegeneration in patients. We recently generated a novel mice model with a combined deficiency of β-hexosaminidase A and neuraminidase 3 (Hexa−/−Neu3−/−) that mimics both the neuropathological and clinical abnormalities of early-onset Tay–Sachs disease. Here, we aimed to explore the secondary accumulation of lipids in the brain of Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice.Materials and Methods: In the cortex and hippocampus of five-month-old WT, Hexa−/−, Neu3−/−, and Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice, lipid levels belonging to glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sterol lipids were evaluated using a shotgun lipidomics approach. The levels of myelin were also assessed by luxol fast blue staining and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against myelin basic protein. We further examined glycoconjugate and cholesterol levels by periodic acid–Schiff and filipin staining, respectively. Toluidine blue staining was also performed to display axonal degeneration.Results: Among glycerophospholipids, we demonstrated elevated levels of phosphatidylcholine-ether and lysophosphatidylcholine while decreased levels of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine in both cortex and hippocampus of Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice. In the glycerolipid class, we showed an alleviated level of sphingomyelin in both cortex and hippocampus, but the higher levels of diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol were detected in only the hippocampus of Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice. The lower level of sterol was also detected in the cortex of Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice but not in the hippocampus.Histochemical studies showed a decrease in the myelin level and axonal degeneration indicating neuronal pathology in the brain of Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice. Although glycoconjugate accumulation was evident both in the cortex and hippocampus, we did not detect any changes in the level of cholesterol.Conclusion: Our results indicate that alterations in lipid metabolism and neuropathology, such as demyelination and axonal degeneration, might be related to the dysfunctionality of lipid-related cellular pathways like autophagy. Understanding of brain-specific lipid alterations contributes to evaluating the effectiveness of treatments in Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melike Can
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tugce Sengül
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Orhan K. İnci
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Hande Basırlı
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Volkan Seyrantepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
- Izmir Institute of Technology, IYTEDEHAM, Izmir, Turkey
- *Correspondence: Volkan Seyrantepe,
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9
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Marangon D, Audano M, Pedretti S, Fumagalli M, Mitro N, Lecca D, Caruso D, Abbracchio MP. Rewiring of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Induced by G Protein-Coupled Receptor 17 Silencing Enables the Transition of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors to Myelinating Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152369. [PMID: 35954217 PMCID: PMC9368002 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mature central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes (OLs) provide support and insulation to axons thanks to the production of a myelin sheath. During their maturation to myelinating cells, OLs require energy and building blocks for lipids, which implies a great investment of energy fuels and molecular sources of carbon. The oligodendroglial G protein-coupled receptor 17 (GPR17) has emerged as a key player in OL maturation; it reaches maximal expression in pre-OLs, but then it has to be internalized to allow terminal maturation. In this study, we aim at elucidating the role of physiological GPR17 downregulation in OL metabolism by applying transcriptomics, metabolomics and lipidomics on differentiating OLs. After GPR17 silencing, we found a significant increase in mature OL markers and alteration of several genes involved in glucose metabolism and lipid biosynthesis. We also observed an increased release of lactate, which is partially responsible for the maturation boost induced by GPR17 downregulation. Concomitantly, GPR17 depletion also changed the kinetics of specific myelin lipid classes. Globally, this study unveils a functional link between GPR17 expression, lactate release and myelin composition, and suggests that innovative interventions targeting GPR17 may help to foster endogenous myelination in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Marangon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Matteo Audano
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Silvia Pedretti
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Marta Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Nico Mitro
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Davide Lecca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.)
| | - Donatella Caruso
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (S.P.); (M.F.); (N.M.); (D.C.)
| | - Maria P. Abbracchio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.M.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5031-8304
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10
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Sams E. Oligodendrocytes in the aging brain. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210008. [PMID: 34290887 PMCID: PMC8264650 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
More than half of the human brain volume is made up of white matter: regions where axons are coated in myelin, which primarily functions to increase the conduction speed of axon potentials. White matter volume significantly decreases with age, correlating with cognitive decline. Much research in the field of non-pathological brain aging mechanisms has taken a neuron-centric approach, with relatively little attention paid to other neural cells. This review discusses white matter changes, with focus on oligodendrocyte lineage cells and their ability to produce and maintain myelin to support normal brain homoeostasis. Improved understanding of intrinsic cellular changes, general senescence mechanisms, intercellular interactions and alterations in extracellular environment which occur with aging and impact oligodendrocyte cells is paramount. This may lead to strategies to support oligodendrocytes in aging, for example by supporting myelin synthesis, protecting against oxidative stress and promoting the rejuvenation of the intrinsic regenerative potential of progenitor cells. Ultimately, this will enable the protection of white matter integrity thus protecting cognitive function into the later years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Catherine Sams
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry Centre for Neuroscience, Surgery and Trauma, Blizard Institute, 4 Newark Street, Whitechapel E1 2AT, London
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11
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Ristovski M, Farhat D, Bancud SEM, Lee JY. Lipid Transporters Beam Signals from Cell Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:562. [PMID: 34436325 PMCID: PMC8399137 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid composition in cellular membranes plays an important role in maintaining the structural integrity of cells and in regulating cellular signaling that controls functions of both membrane-anchored and cytoplasmic proteins. ATP-dependent ABC and P4-ATPase lipid transporters, two integral membrane proteins, are known to contribute to lipid translocation across the lipid bilayers on the cellular membranes. In this review, we will highlight current knowledge about the role of cholesterol and phospholipids of cellular membranes in regulating cell signaling and how lipid transporters participate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miliça Ristovski
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Danny Farhat
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
- Biomedical Sciences Program, Faculty of Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 6N5, Canada
| | - Shelly Ellaine M. Bancud
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
- Translational and Molecular Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jyh-Yeuan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (M.R.); (D.F.); (S.E.M.B.)
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12
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Zivkovic S, Ayazi M, Hammel G, Ren Y. For Better or for Worse: A Look Into Neutrophils in Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:648076. [PMID: 33967695 PMCID: PMC8100532 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.648076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are short-lived cells of the innate immune system and the first line of defense at the site of an infection and tissue injury. Pattern recognition receptors on neutrophils recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns, which recruit them to the destined site. Neutrophils are professional phagocytes with efficient granular constituents that aid in the neutralization of pathogens. In addition to phagocytosis and degranulation, neutrophils are proficient in creating neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) that immobilize pathogens to prevent their spread. Because of the cytotoxicity of the associated granular proteins within NETs, the microbes can be directly killed once immobilized by the NETs. The role of neutrophils in infection is well studied; however, there is less emphasis placed on the role of neutrophils in tissue injury, such as traumatic spinal cord injury. Upon the initial mechanical injury, the innate immune system is activated in response to the molecules produced by the resident cells of the injured spinal cord initiating the inflammatory cascade. This review provides an overview of the essential role of neutrophils and explores the contribution of neutrophils to the pathologic changes in the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Zivkovic
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Ayazi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Grace Hammel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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13
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Arsenault EJ, McGill CM, Barth BM. Sphingolipids as Regulators of Neuro-Inflammation and NADPH Oxidase 2. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 23:25-46. [PMID: 33547562 PMCID: PMC9020407 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08646-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-inflammation accompanies numerous neurological disorders and conditions where it can be associated with a progressive neurodegenerative pathology. In a similar manner, alterations in sphingolipid metabolism often accompany or are causative features in degenerative neurological conditions. These include dementias, motor disorders, autoimmune conditions, inherited metabolic disorders, viral infection, traumatic brain and spinal cord injury, psychiatric conditions, and more. Sphingolipids are major regulators of cellular fate and function in addition to being important structural components of membranes. Their metabolism and signaling pathways can also be regulated by inflammatory mediators. Therefore, as certain sphingolipids exert distinct and opposing cellular roles, alterations in their metabolism can have major consequences. Recently, regulation of bioactive sphingolipids by neuro-inflammatory mediators has been shown to activate a neuronal NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) that can provoke damaging oxidation. Therefore, the sphingolipid-regulated neuronal NOX2 serves as a mechanistic link between neuro-inflammation and neurodegeneration. Moreover, therapeutics directed at sphingolipid metabolism or the sphingolipid-regulated NOX2 have the potential to alleviate neurodegeneration arising out of neuro-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma J Arsenault
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - Colin M McGill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, AK, 99508, USA
| | - Brian M Barth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
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14
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Bonduelle T, Hartlieb T, Baldassari S, Sim NS, Kim SH, Kang HC, Kobow K, Coras R, Chipaux M, Dorfmüller G, Adle-Biassette H, Aronica E, Lee JH, Blumcke I, Baulac S. Frequent SLC35A2 brain mosaicism in mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE). Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:3. [PMID: 33407896 PMCID: PMC7788938 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal malformations of cortical development (MCD) are linked to somatic brain mutations occurring during neurodevelopment. Mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE) is a newly recognized clinico-pathological entity associated with pediatric drug-resistant focal epilepsy, and amenable to neurosurgical treatment. MOGHE is histopathologically characterized by clusters of increased oligodendroglial cell densities, patchy zones of hypomyelination, and heterotopic neurons in the white matter. The molecular etiology of MOGHE remained unknown so far. We hypothesized a contribution of mosaic brain variants and performed deep targeted gene sequencing on 20 surgical MOGHE brain samples from a single-center cohort of pediatric patients. We identified somatic pathogenic SLC35A2 variants in 9/20 (45%) patients with mosaic rates ranging from 7 to 52%. SLC35A2 encodes a UDP-galactose transporter, previously implicated in other malformations of cortical development (MCD) and a rare type of congenital disorder of glycosylation. To further clarify the histological features of SLC35A2-brain tissues, we then collected 17 samples with pathogenic SLC35A2 variants from a multicenter cohort of MCD cases. Histopathological reassessment including anti-Olig2 staining confirmed a MOGHE diagnosis in all cases. Analysis by droplet digital PCR of pools of microdissected cells from one MOGHE tissue revealed a variant enrichment in clustered oligodendroglial cells and heterotopic neurons. Through an international consortium, we assembled an unprecedented series of 26 SLC35A2-MOGHE cases providing evidence that mosaic SLC35A2 variants, likely occurred in a neuroglial progenitor cell during brain development, are a genetic marker for MOGHE.
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15
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Nowack L, Teschers CS, Albrecht S, Gilmour R. Oligodendroglial glycolipids in (Re)myelination: implications for multiple sclerosis research. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:890-904. [PMID: 33575689 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020 This short review surveys aspects of glycolipid-based natural products and their biological relevance in multiple sclerosis (MS). The role of isolated gangliosides in disease models is discussed together with an overview of ganglioside-inspired small molecule drugs and imaging probes. The discussion is extended to neurodegeneration in a more general context and addresses the need for more efficient synthetic methods to generate (glyco)structures that are of therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Nowack
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany. and Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Charlotte S Teschers
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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16
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Demir SA, Timur ZK, Ateş N, Martínez LA, Seyrantepe V. GM2 ganglioside accumulation causes neuroinflammation and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of early onset Tay-Sachs disease. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:277. [PMID: 32951593 PMCID: PMC7504627 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tay-Sachs disease (TSD), a type of GM2-gangliosidosis, is a progressive neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the α subunit of the lysosomal β-hexosaminidase enzyme. This disease is characterized by excessive accumulation of GM2 ganglioside, predominantly in the central nervous system. Although Tay-Sachs patients appear normal at birth, the progressive accumulation of undegraded GM2 gangliosides in neurons leads to death. Recently, an early onset Tay-Sachs disease mouse model, with genotype Hexa−/−Neu3−/−, was generated. Progressive accumulation of GM2 led to premature death of the double KO mice. Importantly, this double-deficient mouse model displays typical features of Tay-Sachs patients, such as cytoplasmic vacuolization of nerve cells, deterioration of Purkinje cells, neuronal death, deceleration in movement, ataxia, and tremors. GM2-gangliosidosis is characterized by acute neurodegeneration preceded by activated microglia expansion, macrophage, and astrocyte activation, along with the production of inflammatory mediators. However, the mechanism of disease progression in Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice, relevant to neuroinflammation is poorly understood. Method In this study, we investigated the onset and progression of neuroinflammatory changes in the cortex, cerebellum, and retina of Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice and control littermates by using a combination of molecular genetics and immunochemical procedures. Results We found elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine transcripts, such as Ccl2, Ccl3, Ccl4, and Cxcl10 and also extensive microglial and astrocyte activation and proliferation, accompanied by peripheral blood mononuclear cell infiltration in the vicinity of neurons and oligodendrocytes. Behavioral tests demonstrated a high level of anxiety, and age-dependent loss in both spatial learning and fear memory in Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice compared with that in the controls. Conclusion Altogether, our data suggest that Hexa−/−Neu3−/− mice display a phenotype similar to Tay-Sachs patients suffering from chronic neuroinflammation triggered by GM2 accumulation. Furthermore, our work contributes to better understanding of the neuropathology in a mouse model of early onset Tay-Sachs disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seçil Akyıldız Demir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zehra Kevser Timur
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nurselin Ateş
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Luis Alarcón Martínez
- Institute of Neurological Science and Psychiatry, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Volkan Seyrantepe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430, Izmir, Turkey.
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17
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Montani L. Lipids in regulating oligodendrocyte structure and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:114-122. [PMID: 32912639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes enwrap central nervous system axons with myelin, a lipid enriched highly organized multi-layer membrane structure that allows for fast long-distance saltatory conduction of neuronal impulses. Myelin has an extremely high lipid content (∼80 % of its dry weight) and a peculiar lipid composition, with a 2:2:1 cholesterol:phospholipid:glycolipid ratio. Inherited neurodegenerative diseases of the lipids (caused by mutations in lipogenic enzymes) often present oligodendrocyte and/or myelin defects which contribute to the overall disease pathophysiology. These phenomena triggered an increasing number of studies over the functions lipid exert to shape and maintain myelin, and brought to the finding that lipids are more than only structural building blocks. They act as signaling molecules to drive proliferation and differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, as well as proliferation of premyelinating oligodendrocytes, and their maturation into myelinating ones. Here, we summarize key findings in these areas, while presenting the main related human diseases. Despite many advances in the field, various questions remain open which we briefly discuss. This article is part of a special issue entitled "Role of Lipids in CNS Cell Physiology and Pathology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Montani
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Department of Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland.
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18
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Kieser TJ, Santschi N, Nowack L, Axer A, Kehr G, Albrecht S, Gilmour R. Total Chemical Syntheses of the GM 3 and F-GM 3 Ganglioside Epitopes and Comparative Pre-Clinical Evaluation for Non-Invasive Imaging of Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2129-2136. [PMID: 32559361 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gangliosides are intimately involved in a plenum of (neuro)inflammatory processes, yet progress in establishing structure-function interplay is frequently hindered by the availability of well-defined glycostructures. Motivated by the ubiquity of the ganglioside GM3 in chemical neurology, and in particular by its conspicuous presence in myelin, the GM3 epitope was examined with a view to preclinical validation as a tracer. The suitability of this scaffold for the noninvasive imaging of oligodendrocyte differentiation in Multiple sclerosis is disclosed. The stereocontrolled synthesis of a site-selectively fluorinated analogue (F-GM3) is also disclosed to enable a comparative analysis in oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation. Whereas the native epitope caused a decrease in the viability in a dose-dependent manner, the addition of distinct F-GM3 concentrations over 48 h had no impact on the OL viability. This is likely a consequence of the enhanced hydrolytic stability imparted by the fluorination and highlights the potential of fluorinated glycostructures in the field of molecular imaging. Given the predominant expression of GM3 in oligodendrocytes and the capacity of GM3 to interact with myelin-associated proteins, this preclinical evaluation has revealed F-GM3 to be an intriguing candidate for neurological imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Kieser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Nico Santschi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Luise Nowack
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alexander Axer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, Münster 48149, Germany
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19
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Zhou Y, Borchelt D, Bauson JC, Fazio S, Miles JR, Tavori H, Notterpek L. Subcellular diversion of cholesterol by gain- and loss-of-function mutations in PMP22. Glia 2020; 68:2300-2315. [PMID: 32511821 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities of the peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22) gene, including duplication, deletion and point mutations are a major culprit in Type 1 Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) diseases. The complete absence of PMP22 alters cholesterol metabolism in Schwann cells, which likely contributes to myelination deficits. Here, we examined the subcellular trafficking of cholesterol in distinct models of PMP22-linked neuropathies. In Schwann cells from homozygous Trembler J (TrJ) mice carrying a Leu16Pro mutation, cholesterol was retained with TrJ-PMP22 in the Golgi, alongside a corresponding reduction in its plasma membrane level. PMP22 overexpression, which models CMT1A caused by gene duplication, triggered cholesterol sequestration to lysosomes, and reduced ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent cholesterol efflux. Conversely, lysosomal targeting of cholesterol by U18666A treatment increased wild type (WT)-PMP22 levels in lysosomes. Mutagenesis of a cholesterol recognition motif, or CRAC domain, in human PMP22 lead to increased levels of PMP22 in the ER and Golgi compartments, along with higher cytosolic, and lower membrane-associated cholesterol. Importantly, cholesterol trafficking defects observed in PMP22-deficient Schwann cells were rescued by WT but not CRAC-mutant-PMP22. We also observed that myelination deficits in dorsal root ganglia explants from heterozygous PMP22-deficient mice were improved by cholesterol supplementation. Collectively, these findings indicate that PMP22 is critical in cholesterol metabolism, and this mechanism is likely a contributing factor in PMP22-linked hereditary neuropathies. Our results provide a basis for understanding how altered expression of PMP22 impacts cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhou
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David Borchelt
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jodi C Bauson
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, Portland, USA
| | - Joshua R Miles
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, Portland, USA
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Oregon, Portland, USA
| | - Lucia Notterpek
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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20
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Roles of Progesterone, Testosterone and Their Nuclear Receptors in Central Nervous System Myelination and Remyelination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093163. [PMID: 32365806 PMCID: PMC7246940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Progesterone and testosterone, beyond their roles as sex hormones, are neuroactive steroids, playing crucial regulatory functions within the nervous system. Among these, neuroprotection and myelin regeneration are important ones. The present review aims to discuss the stimulatory effects of progesterone and testosterone on the process of myelination and remyelination. These effects have been demonstrated in vitro (i.e., organotypic cultures) and in vivo (cuprizone- or lysolecithin-induced demyelination and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)). Both steroids stimulate myelin formation and regeneration by acting through their respective intracellular receptors: progesterone receptors (PR) and androgen receptors (AR). Activation of these receptors results in multiple events involving direct transcription and translation, regulating general homeostasis, cell proliferation, differentiation, growth and myelination. It also ameliorates immune response as seen in the EAE model, resulting in a significant decrease in inflammation leading to a fast recovery. Although natural progesterone and testosterone have a therapeutic potential, their synthetic derivatives—the 19-norprogesterone (nestorone) and 7α-methyl-nortestosterone (MENT), already used as hormonal contraception or in postmenopausal hormone replacement therapies, may offer enhanced benefits for myelin repair. We summarize here a recent advancement in the field of myelin biology, to treat demyelinating disorders using the natural as well as synthetic analogs of progesterone and testosterone.
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21
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Eikelberg D, Lehmbecker A, Brogden G, Tongtako W, Hahn K, Habierski A, Hennermann JB, Naim HY, Felmy F, Baumgärtner W, Gerhauser I. Axonopathy and Reduction of Membrane Resistance: Key Features in a New Murine Model of Human G M1-Gangliosidosis. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041004. [PMID: 32252429 PMCID: PMC7230899 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
GM1-gangliosidosis is caused by a reduced activity of β-galactosidase (Glb1), resulting in intralysosomal accumulations of GM1. The aim of this study was to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of GM1-gangliosidosis in a new Glb1 knockout mouse model. Glb1−/− mice were analyzed clinically, histologically, immunohistochemically, electrophysiologically and biochemically. Morphological lesions in the central nervous system were already observed in two-month-old mice, whereas functional deficits, including ataxia and tremor, did not start before 3.5-months of age. This was most likely due to a reduced membrane resistance as a compensatory mechanism. Swollen neurons exhibited intralysosomal storage of lipids extending into axons and amyloid precursor protein positive spheroids. Additionally, axons showed a higher kinesin and lower dynein immunoreactivity compared to wildtype controls. Glb1−/− mice also demonstrated loss of phosphorylated neurofilament positive axons and a mild increase in non-phosphorylated neurofilament positive axons. Moreover, marked astrogliosis and microgliosis were found, but no demyelination. In addition to the main storage material GM1, GA1, sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine were elevated in the brain. In summary, the current Glb1−/− mice exhibit a so far undescribed axonopathy and a reduced membrane resistance to compensate the functional effects of structural changes. They can be used for detailed examinations of axon–glial interactions and therapy trials of lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Eikelberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Annika Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Graham Brogden
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (H.Y.N.)
| | - Witchaya Tongtako
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
- c/o Faculty of Veterinary Science, Prince of Sonkla University, 5 Karnjanavanich Rd., Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Andre Habierski
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
| | - Julia B. Hennermann
- Villa Metabolica, University of Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 2, D-55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Hassan Y. Naim
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (G.B.); (H.Y.N.)
| | - Felix Felmy
- Department for Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Wolfgang Baumgärtner
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Ingo Gerhauser
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559 Hannover, Germany; (D.E.); (A.L.); (W.T.); (K.H.); (A.H.); (I.G.)
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22
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Sghaier R, Zarrouk A, Nury T, Badreddine I, O'Brien N, Mackrill JJ, Vejux A, Samadi M, Nasser B, Caccia C, Leoni V, Moreau T, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Salhedine Masmoudi A, Lizard G. Biotin attenuation of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lipid metabolism alteration and 7β-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death in 158N murine oligodendrocytes. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:535-561. [PMID: 31039616 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1612891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are involved in neurodegenerative diseases associated with an enhancement of lipid peroxidation products such as 7β-hydroxycholesterol (7β-OHC). It is, therefore, important to study the ability of 7β-OHC to trigger mitochondrial defects, oxidative stress, metabolic dysfunctions and cell death, which are hallmarks of neurodegeneration, and to identify cytoprotective molecules. The effects of biotin were evaluated on 158N murine oligodendrocytes, which are myelin synthesizing cells, exposed to 7β-OHC (50 µM) with or without biotin (10 and 100 nM) or α-tocopherol (positive control of cytoprotection). The effects of biotin on 7β-OHC activities were determined using different criteria: cell adhesion; plasma membrane integrity; redox status. The impact on mitochondria was characterized by the measurement of transmembrane mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, mitochondrial mass, quantification of cardiolipins and organic acids. Sterols and fatty acids were also quantified. Cell death (apoptosis, autophagy) was characterized by the enumeration of apoptotic cells, caspase-3 activation, identification of autophagic vesicles, and activation of LC3-I into LC3-II. Biotin attenuates 7β-OHC-induced cytotoxicity: loss of cell adhesion was reduced; antioxidant activities were normalized. ROS overproduction, protein and lipid oxidation products were decreased. Biotin partially restores mitochondrial functions: attenuation of the loss of ΔΨm; reduced levels of mitochondrial O2•- overproduction; normalization of cardiolipins and organic acid levels. Biotin also normalizes cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis, and prevents apoptosis and autophagy (oxiapoptophagy). Our data support that biotin, which prevents oligodendrocytes damages, could be useful in the treatment of neurodegeneration and demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa Sghaier
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory - NAFS "Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health" , Monastir & University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Géo Ressources , University Manouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology , Sidi Thabet , Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine , University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,Faculty of Medicine, Laboratory - NAFS "Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Health" , Monastir & University Sousse , Sousse , Tunisia.,School of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland.,Department of Physiology , Biosciences Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Thomas Nury
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
| | - Ilham Badreddine
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France.,University Ibn Zohr, Lab. 'Valorisation des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement' , Taroudant , Morocco.,Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry , University Hassan 1er , Settat , Morocco
| | - Nora O'Brien
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences , University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - John J Mackrill
- Department of Physiology , Biosciences Institute, University College Cork , Cork , Ireland
| | - Anne Vejux
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Department of Chemistry , University Lorraine, Metz Technopôle , Metz , France
| | - Boubker Nasser
- Laboratory Neuroscience and Biochemistry , University Hassan 1er , Settat , Morocco
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics , Foundation IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta , Milan , Italy
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry , Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi , Milan , Italy
| | - Thibault Moreau
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France.,Department of Neurology , University Hospital , Dijon , France
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
| | - Ahmed Salhedine Masmoudi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorisation of Bio-Géo Ressources , University Manouba, Higher Institute of Biotechnology , Sidi Thabet , Tunisia
| | - Gérard Lizard
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté/Inserm , Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' , Dijon , France
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23
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Galloway DA, Gowing E, Setayeshgar S, Kothary R. Inhibitory milieu at the multiple sclerosis lesion site and the challenges for remyelination. Glia 2019; 68:859-877. [PMID: 31441132 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of myelin, following injury, can occur within the central nervous system to reinstate proper axonal conductance and provide trophic support. Failure to do so renders the axons vulnerable, leading to eventual degeneration, and neuronal loss. Thus, it is essential to understand the mechanisms by which remyelination or failure to remyelinate occur, particularly in the context of demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorders. In multiple sclerosis, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrate to lesion sites to repair myelin. However, during disease progression, the ability of OPCs to participate in remyelination diminishes coincident with worsening of the symptoms. Remyelination is affected by a broad range of cues from intrinsic programming of OPCs and extrinsic local factors to the immune system and other systemic elements including diet and exercise. Here we review the literature on these diverse inhibitory factors and the challenges they pose to remyelination. Results spanning several disciplines from fundamental preclinical studies to knowledge gained in the clinic will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan A Galloway
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gowing
- Neurosciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Centre de recherche du CHUM, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Solmaz Setayeshgar
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rashmi Kothary
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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24
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Miyamoto S, Nakashima M, Ohashi T, Hiraide T, Kurosawa K, Yamamoto T, Takanashi J, Osaka H, Inoue K, Miyazaki T, Wada Y, Okamoto N, Saitsu H. A case of de novo splice site variant in SLC35A2 showing developmental delays, spastic paraplegia, and delayed myelination. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e814. [PMID: 31231989 PMCID: PMC6687661 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDGs) are genetic diseases caused by pathogenic variants of genes involved in protein or lipid glycosylation. De novo variants in the SLC35A2 gene, which encodes a UDP-galactose transporter, are responsible for CDGs with an X-linked dominant manner. Common symptoms related to SLC35A2 variants include epilepsy, psychomotor developmental delay, hypotonia, abnormal facial and skeletal features, and various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed on the patient's DNA, and candidate variants were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. cDNA analysis was performed to assess the effect of the splice site variant using peripheral leukocytes. The X-chromosome inactivation pattern was studied using the human androgen receptor assay. RESULTS We identified a de novo splice site variant in SLC35A2 (NM_005660.2: c.274+1G>A) in a female patient who showed severe developmental delay, spastic paraplegia, mild cerebral atrophy, and delayed myelination on MRI, but no seizures. The variant led to an aberrant splicing resulting in an in-frame 33-bp insertion, which caused an 11-amino acid insertion in the presumptive cytoplasmic loop. X-inactivation pattern was random. Partial loss of galactose and sialic acid of the N-linked glycans of serum transferrin was observed. CONCLUSION This case would expand the phenotypic spectrum of SLC35A2-related disorders to delayed myelination with spasticity and no seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Miyamoto
- Department of BiochemistryHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | - Mitsuko Nakashima
- Department of BiochemistryHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | - Tsukasa Ohashi
- Department of PediatricsNiigata University Medical and Dental HospitalNiigataJapan
| | - Takuya Hiraide
- Department of BiochemistryHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Division of Medical GeneticsKanagawa Children's Medical CenterYokohamaJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical SciencesTokyoJapan
| | - Junichi Takanashi
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric NeurologyTokyo Women's Medical University, Yachiyo Medical CenterYachiyoJapan
| | - Hitoshi Osaka
- Department of PediatricsJichi Medical UniversityTochigiJapan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Mental Retardation & Birth Defect ResearchNational Institute of NeuroscienceNational Center of Neurology & PsychiatryJapan
| | - Takehiro Miyazaki
- Department of BiochemistryHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
| | - Yoshinao Wada
- Department of Molecular MedicineOsaka Women's and Children's HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Nobuhiko Okamoto
- Department of Molecular MedicineOsaka Women's and Children's HospitalOsakaJapan
- Department of Medical GeneticsOsaka Women's and Children's HospitalOsakaJapan
| | - Hirotomo Saitsu
- Department of BiochemistryHamamatsu University School of MedicineHamamatsuJapan
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25
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Bankston AN, Forston MD, Howard RM, Andres KR, Smith AE, Ohri SS, Bates ML, Bunge MB, Whittemore SR. Autophagy is essential for oligodendrocyte differentiation, survival, and proper myelination. Glia 2019; 67:1745-1759. [PMID: 31162728 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deficient myelination, the spiral wrapping of highly specialized membrane around axons, causes severe neurological disorders. Maturation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPC) to myelinating oligodendrocytes (OL), the sole providers of central nervous system (CNS) myelin, is tightly regulated and involves extensive morphological changes. Here, we present evidence that autophagy, the targeted isolation of cytoplasm and organelles by the double-membrane autophagosome for lysosomal degradation, is essential for OPC/OL differentiation, survival, and proper myelin development. A marked increase in autophagic activity coincides with OL differentiation, with OL processes having the greatest increase in autophagic flux. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that autophagosomes form in developing myelin sheathes before trafficking from myelin to the OL soma. Mice with conditional OPC/OL-specific deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg5 beginning on postnatal Day 5 develop a rapid tremor and die around postnatal Day 12. Further analysis revealed apoptotic death of OPCs, reduced differentiation, and reduced myelination. Surviving Atg5-/- OLs failed to produce proper myelin structure. In vitro, pharmacological inhibition of autophagy in OPC/dorsal root ganglion (DRG) co-cultures blocked myelination, producing OLs surrounded by many short processes. Conversely, autophagy stimulation enhanced myelination. These results implicate autophagy as a key regulator of OPC survival, maturation, and proper myelination. Autophagy may provide an attractive target to promote both OL survival and subsequent myelin repair after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Bankston
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Michael D Forston
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Russell M Howard
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kariena R Andres
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Allison E Smith
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Sujata Saraswat Ohri
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Margaret L Bates
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Mary B Bunge
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Department of Cell Biology and Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Scott R Whittemore
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky.,Department of Anatomical Sciences & Neurobiology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
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26
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Chierto E, Simon A, Castoldi F, Meffre D, Cristinziano G, Sapone F, Carrete A, Borderie D, Etienne F, Rannou F, Morrison B, Massaad C, Jafarian-Tehrani M. Mechanical Stretch of High Magnitude Provokes Axonal Injury, Elongation of Paranodal Junctions, and Signaling Alterations in Oligodendrocytes. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:4231-4248. [PMID: 30298339 PMCID: PMC6505516 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increasing findings suggest that demyelination may play an important role in the pathophysiology of brain injury, but the exact mechanisms underlying such damage are not well known. Mechanical tensile strain of brain tissue occurs during traumatic brain injury. Several studies have investigated the cellular and molecular events following a static tensile strain of physiological magnitude on individual cells such as oligodendrocytes. However, the pathobiological impact of high-magnitude mechanical strain on oligodendrocytes and myelinated fibers remains under investigated. In this study, we reported that an applied mechanical tensile strain of 30% on mouse organotypic culture of cerebellar slices induced axonal injury and elongation of paranodal junctions, two hallmarks of brain trauma. It was also able to activate MAPK-ERK1/2 signaling, a stretch-induced responsive pathway. The same tensile strain applied to mouse oligodendrocytes in primary culture induced a profound damage to cell morphology, partial cell loss, and a decrease of myelin protein expression. The lower tensile strain of 20% also caused cell loss and the remaining oligodendrocytes appeared retracted with decreased myelin protein expression. Finally, high-magnitude tensile strain applied to 158N oligodendroglial cells altered myelin protein expression, dampened MAPK-ERK1/2 and MAPK-p38 signaling, and enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species. The latter was accompanied by increased protein oxidation and an alteration of anti-oxidant defense that was strain magnitude-dependent. In conclusion, mechanical stretch of high magnitude provokes axonal injury with significant alterations in oligodendrocyte biology that could initiate demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Chierto
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Anne Simon
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Castoldi
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Meffre
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Giulia Cristinziano
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Francesca Sapone
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Alex Carrete
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Didier Borderie
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
- Service de Diagnostic Biologique Automatisé, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre - Groupe Hospitalier Cochin (AP-HP), 27 rue du faubourg saint Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - François Etienne
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
- Plateforme de mécanobiologie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - François Rannou
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
- Plateforme de mécanobiologie, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
- Service de Rééducation et de Réadaptation de l'Appareil Locomoteur et des Pathologies du Rachis, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre - Groupe Hospitalier Cochin (AP-HP), 27 rue du faubourg saint Jacques, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Ave, 351 Engineering Terrace, MC8904, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Charbel Massaad
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Mehrnaz Jafarian-Tehrani
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté des Sciences Fondamentales et Biomédicales, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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27
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McGonigal R, Barrie JA, Yao D, McLaughlin M, Cunningham ME, Rowan EG, Willison HJ. Glial Sulfatides and Neuronal Complex Gangliosides Are Functionally Interdependent in Maintaining Myelinating Axon Integrity. J Neurosci 2019; 39:63-77. [PMID: 30446529 PMCID: PMC6325269 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2095-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfatides and gangliosides are raft-associated glycolipids essential for maintaining myelinated nerve integrity. Mice deficient in sulfatide (cerebroside sulfotransferase knock-out, CST-/-) or complex gangliosides (β-1,4-N-acetylegalactosaminyltransferase1 knock-out, GalNAc-T-/-) display prominent disorganization of proteins at the node of Ranvier (NoR) in early life and age-dependent neurodegeneration. Loss of neuronal rather than glial complex gangliosides underpins the GalNAc-T-/- phenotype, as shown by neuron- or glial-specific rescue, whereas sulfatide is principally expressed and functional in glial membranes. The similarities in NoR phenotype of CST-/-, GalNAc-T-/-, and axo-glial protein-deficient mice suggests that these glycolipids stabilize membrane proteins including neurofascin155 (NF155) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) at axo-glial junctions. To assess the functional interactions between sulfatide and gangliosides, CST-/- and GalNAc-T-/- genotypes were interbred. CST-/-× GalNAc-T-/- mice develop normally to postnatal day 10 (P10), but all die between P20 and P25, coinciding with peak myelination. Ultrastructural, immunohistological, and biochemical analysis of either sex revealed widespread axonal degeneration and disruption to the axo-glial junction at the NoR. In addition to sulfatide-dependent loss of NF155, CST-/- × GalNAc-T-/- mice exhibited a major reduction in MAG protein levels in CNS myelin compared with WT and single-lipid-deficient mice. The CST-/- × GalNAc-T-/- phenotype was fully restored to that of CST-/- mice by neuron-specific expression of complex gangliosides, but not by their glial-specific expression nor by the global expression of a-series gangliosides. These data indicate that sulfatide and complex b-series gangliosides on the glial and neuronal membranes, respectively, act in concert to promote NF155 and MAG in maintaining the stable axo-glial interactions essential for normal nerve function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Sulfatides and complex gangliosides are membrane glycolipids with important roles in maintaining nervous system integrity. Node of Ranvier maintenance in particular requires stable compartmentalization of multiple membrane proteins. The axo-glial adhesion molecules neurofascin155 (NF155) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) require membrane microdomains containing either sulfatides or complex gangliosides to localize and function effectively. The cooperative roles of these microdomains and associated proteins are unknown. Here, we show vital interdependent roles for sulfatides and complex gangliosides because double (but not single) deficiency causes a rapidly lethal phenotype at an early age. These findings suggest that sulfatides and complex gangliosides on opposing axo-glial membranes are responsible for essential tethering of the axo-glial junction proteins NF155 and MAG, which interact to maintain the nodal complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhona McGonigal
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer A Barrie
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Denggao Yao
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark McLaughlin
- University of Glasgow, School of Veterinary Biosciences, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom, and
| | - Madeleine E Cunningham
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
| | - Edward G Rowan
- University of Strathclyde, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemical Sciences, Glasgow G4 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Hugh J Willison
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom,
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28
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Inamura N, Kito M, Go S, Kishi S, Hosokawa M, Asai K, Takakura N, Takebayashi H, Matsuda J, Enokido Y. Developmental defects and aberrant accumulation of endogenous psychosine in oligodendrocytes in a murine model of Krabbe disease. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:51-62. [PMID: 30176352 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Krabbe disease (KD), or globoid cell leukodystrophy, is an inherited lysosomal storage disease with leukodystrophy caused by a mutation in the galactosylceramidase (GALC) gene. The majority of patients show the early onset form of KD dominated by cerebral demyelination with apoptotic oligodendrocyte (OL) death. However, the initial pathophysiological changes in developing OLs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that OLs of twitcher mice, an authentic mouse model of KD, exhibited developmental defects and impaired myelin formation in vivo and in vitro. In twitcher mouse brain, abnormal myelination and reduced expression of myelin genes during the period of most active OL differentiation and myelination preceded subsequent progressive OL death and demyelination. Importantly, twitcher mouse OL precursor cells proliferated normally, but their differentiation and survival were intrinsically defective. These defects were associated with aberrant accumulation of endogenous psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) and reduced activation of the Erk1/2 and Akt/mTOR pathways before apoptotic cell death. Collectively, our results demonstrate that GALC deficiency in developing KD OLs profoundly affects their differentiation and maturation, indicating the critical contribution of OL dysfunction to KD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Inamura
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Momoko Kito
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kishi
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Asai
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Nagoya City University School of Medicine, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Takakura
- Department of Signal Transduction, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirohide Takebayashi
- Division of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Science, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasushi Enokido
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, 713-8 Kamiya-cho, Kasugai, Aichi 480-0392, Japan.
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29
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Kieser TJ, Santschi N, Nowack L, Kehr G, Kuhlmann T, Albrecht S, Gilmour R. Single Site Fluorination of the GM 4 Ganglioside Epitope Upregulates Oligodendrocyte Differentiation. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:1159-1165. [PMID: 29361218 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Relapsing multiple sclerosis is synonymous with demyelination, and thus, suppressing and or reversing this process is of paramount clinical significance. While insulating myelin sheath has a large lipid composition (ca. 70-80%), it also has a characteristically large composition of the sialosylgalactosylceramide gangliosde GM4 present. In this study, the effect of the carbohydrate epitope on oligodendrocyte differentiation is determined. While the native epitope had no impact on oligodendroglial cell viability, a single site OH → F substitution is the structural basis of a significant increase in ATP production that is optimal at 50 μg/mL. From a translational perspective, this subtle change increases the amount of MBP+ oligodendrocytes compared to the control studies and may open up novel therapeutic remyelination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias J. Kieser
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Excellence Cluster EXC 1003 “Cells in Motion”, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Nico Santschi
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Excellence Cluster EXC 1003 “Cells in Motion”, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Luise Nowack
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute for Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Pottkamp 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Excellence Cluster EXC 1003 “Cells in Motion”, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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30
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Beyer BA, Fang M, Sadrian B, Montenegro-Burke JR, Plaisted WC, Kok BPC, Saez E, Kondo T, Siuzdak G, Lairson LL. Metabolomics-based discovery of a metabolite that enhances oligodendrocyte maturation. Nat Chem Biol 2018; 14:22-28. [PMID: 29131145 PMCID: PMC5928791 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous metabolites play essential roles in the regulation of cellular identity and activity. Here we have investigated the process of oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation, a process that becomes limiting during progressive stages of demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis, using mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics. Levels of taurine, an aminosulfonic acid possessing pleotropic biological activities and broad tissue distribution properties, were found to be significantly elevated (∼20-fold) during the course of oligodendrocyte differentiation and maturation. When added exogenously at physiologically relevant concentrations, taurine was found to dramatically enhance the processes of drug-induced in vitro OPC differentiation and maturation. Mechanism of action studies suggest that the oligodendrocyte-differentiation-enhancing activities of taurine are driven primarily by its ability to directly increase available serine pools, which serve as the initial building block required for the synthesis of the glycosphingolipid components of myelin that define the functional oligodendrocyte cell state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A Beyer
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- The California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Benjamin Sadrian
- The California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - J Rafael Montenegro-Burke
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Warren C Plaisted
- The California Institute for Biomedical Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bernard P C Kok
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Enrique Saez
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Toru Kondo
- Division of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gary Siuzdak
- Center for Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Luke L Lairson
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
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31
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Castillo RI, Rojo LE, Henriquez-Henriquez M, Silva H, Maturana A, Villar MJ, Fuentes M, Gaspar PA. From Molecules to the Clinic: Linking Schizophrenia and Metabolic Syndrome through Sphingolipids Metabolism. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:488. [PMID: 27877101 PMCID: PMC5100552 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a prevalent and severe comorbidity observed in schizophrenia (SZ). The exact nature of this association is controversial and very often accredited to the effects of psychotropic medications and disease-induced life-style modifications, such as inactive lifestyle, poor dietary choices, and smoking. However, drug therapy and disease-induced lifestyle factors are likely not the only factors contributing to the observed converging nature of these conditions, since an increased prevalence of MS is also observed in first episode and drug-naïve psychosis populations. MS and SZ share common intrinsic susceptibility factors and etiopathogenic mechanisms, which may change the way we approach clinical management of SZ patients. Among the most relevant common pathogenic pathways of SZ and MS are alterations in the sphingolipids (SLs) metabolism and SLs homeostasis. SLs have important structural functions as they participate in the formation of membrane “lipid rafts.” SLs also play physiological roles in cell differentiation, proliferation, and inflammatory processes, which might be part of MS/SZ common pathophysiological processes. In this article we review a plausible mechanism to explain the link between MS and SZ through a disruption in SL homeostasis. Additionally, we provide insights on how this hypothesis can lead to the developing of new diagnostic/therapeutic technologies for SZ patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolando I Castillo
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonel E Rojo
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Henriquez-Henriquez
- Departamento de Laboratorios Clínicos, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiago, Chile; Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
| | - Hernán Silva
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Alejandro Maturana
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - María J Villar
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Manuel Fuentes
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Clínica Alemana Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A Gaspar
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Clínica Psiquiátrica Universitaria, Hospital Clínico Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Facultad de Medicina, Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Universidad de ChileSantiago, Chile; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Clínica AlemanaSantiago, Chile
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32
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Ozgen H, Baron W, Hoekstra D, Kahya N. Oligodendroglial membrane dynamics in relation to myelin biogenesis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3291-310. [PMID: 27141942 PMCID: PMC4967101 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the central nervous system, oligodendrocytes synthesize a specialized membrane, the myelin membrane, which enwraps the axons in a multilamellar fashion to provide fast action potential conduction and to ensure axonal integrity. When compared to other membranes, the composition of myelin membranes is unique with its relatively high lipid to protein ratio. Their biogenesis is quite complex and requires a tight regulation of sequential events, which are deregulated in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. To devise strategies for remedying such defects, it is crucial to understand molecular mechanisms that underlie myelin assembly and dynamics, including the ability of specific lipids to organize proteins and/or mediate protein-protein interactions in healthy versus diseased myelin membranes. The tight regulation of myelin membrane formation has been widely investigated with classical biochemical and cell biological techniques, both in vitro and in vivo. However, our knowledge about myelin membrane dynamics, such as membrane fluidity in conjunction with the movement/diffusion of proteins and lipids in the membrane and the specificity and role of distinct lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions, is limited. Here, we provide an overview of recent findings about the myelin structure in terms of myelin lipids, proteins and membrane microdomains. To give insight into myelin membrane dynamics, we will particularly highlight the application of model membranes and advanced biophysical techniques, i.e., approaches which clearly provide an added value to insight obtained by classical biochemical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ozgen
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dick Hoekstra
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Kahya
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
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33
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Hassanzadeh G, Hosseini Quchani S, Sahraian MA, Abolhassani F, Sadighi Gilani MA, Dehghan Tarzjani M, Atoof F. Leukocyte Gene Expression and Plasma Concentration in Multiple Sclerosis: Alteration of Transforming Growth Factor-βs, Claudin-11, and Matrix Metalloproteinase-2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:865-872. [PMID: 26768647 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the present of leukocytes in the brain tissue and subsequently the formation of sclerotic plaques. Leukocytes penetration into the blood-brain barrier is related to several factors, such as, the conversion of leukocyte gene expression or plasma characteristics. In this frame, we explore alteration of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) family, and Claudin-11 (as a main myelin structural protein) in leukocytes and blood plasma of multiple sclerosis patients compared to the normal group. Blood samples were collected from thirteen men affected by MS and fifteen healthy men. Leukocyte gene expression was measured using real-time PCR and plasma parameters were examined by ELISA. The results of this study showed that the gene expression of Claudin-11 was significantly higher in MS group compared with normal. Interestingly, the MMP-2 pattern was similar to Claudin-11 and correlated positively with it. It was observed that, although the expressions of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 are down-regulated in the leukocytes of subjects with MS, they showed higher levels of these cytokines in blood plasma. The plasma level of TGF-β3 in MS patients was higher than normal and correlated with Claudin-11 concentration. In conclusion, the aberrant pattern of Claudin-11, TGF-βs family, and MMP-2 expression in leukocytes of the MS patients was observed in this study. Moreover, the plasma levels of TGF-βs family increased in the MS group. The findings of this study provide clues for further investigations to assay MS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Hassanzadeh
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Hosseini Quchani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, 1417613151, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ali Sahraian
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Abolhassani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Masoomeh Dehghan Tarzjani
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina Avenue, 1417613151, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Atoof
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashanan, Iran
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34
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Carquin M, D'Auria L, Pollet H, Bongarzone ER, Tyteca D. Recent progress on lipid lateral heterogeneity in plasma membranes: From rafts to submicrometric domains. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 62:1-24. [PMID: 26738447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The concept of transient nanometric domains known as lipid rafts has brought interest to reassess the validity of the Singer-Nicolson model of a fluid bilayer for cell membranes. However, this new view is still insufficient to explain the cellular control of surface lipid diversity or membrane deformability. During the past decades, the hypothesis that some lipids form large (submicrometric/mesoscale vs nanometric rafts) and stable (>min vs s) membrane domains has emerged, largely based on indirect methods. Morphological evidence for stable submicrometric lipid domains, well-accepted for artificial and highly specialized biological membranes, was further reported for a variety of living cells from prokaryot es to yeast and mammalian cells. However, results remained questioned based on limitations of available fluorescent tools, use of poor lipid fixatives, and imaging artifacts due to non-resolved membrane projections. In this review, we will discuss recent evidence generated using powerful and innovative approaches such as lipid-specific toxin fragments that support the existence of submicrometric domains. We will integrate documented mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of these domains, and provide a perspective on their relevance on membrane deformability and regulation of membrane protein distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Carquin
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ludovic D'Auria
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Hélène Pollet
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ernesto R Bongarzone
- The Myelin Regeneration Group at the Dept. Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, 808 S. Wood St. MC512, Chicago, IL. 60612. USA
| | - Donatienne Tyteca
- CELL Unit, de Duve Institute & Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL B1.75.05, Avenue Hippocrate, 75, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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35
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Grassi S, Prioni S, Cabitta L, Aureli M, Sonnino S, Prinetti A. The Role of 3-O-Sulfogalactosylceramide, Sulfatide, in the Lateral Organization of Myelin Membrane. Neurochem Res 2015; 41:130-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-015-1747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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36
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Heinecke KA, Luoma A, d'Azzo A, Kirschner DA, Seyfried TN. Myelin abnormalities in the optic and sciatic nerves in mice with GM1-gangliosidosis. ASN Neuro 2015; 7:7/1/1759091415568913. [PMID: 25694553 PMCID: PMC4342369 DOI: 10.1177/1759091415568913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
GM1-gangliosidosis is a glycosphingolipid lysosomal storage disease involving accumulation of GM1 and its asialo form (GA1) primarily in the brain. Thin-layer chromatography and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the lipid content/composition and the myelin structure of the optic and sciatic nerves from 7- and 10-month old β-galactosidase (β-gal) +/? and β-gal −/− mice, a model of GM1gangliosidosis. Optic nerve weight was lower in the β-gal −/− mice than in unaffected β-gal +/? mice, but no difference was seen in sciatic nerve weight. The levels of GM1 and GA1 were significantly increased in both the optic nerve and sciatic nerve of the β-gal −/− mice. The content of myelin-enriched cerebrosides, sulfatides, and plasmalogen ethanolamines was significantly lower in optic nerve of β-gal −/− mice than in β-gal +/? mice; however, cholesteryl esters were enriched in the β-gal −/− mice. No major abnormalities in these lipids were detected in the sciatic nerve of the β-gal −/− mice. The abnormalities in GM1 and myelin lipids in optic nerve of β-gal −/− mice correlated with a reduction in the relative amount of myelin and periodicity in fresh nerve. By contrast, the relative amount of myelin and periodicity in the sciatic nerves from control and β-gal −/− mice were indistinguishable, suggesting minimal pathological involvement in sciatic nerve. Our results indicate that the greater neurochemical pathology observed in the optic nerve than in the sciatic nerve of β-gal −/− mice is likely due to the greater glycolipid storage in optic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrienne Luoma
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, USA Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Committee on Immunology, University of Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alessandra d'Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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37
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Olsen JA, Akirav EM. Remyelination in multiple sclerosis: Cellular mechanisms and novel therapeutic approaches. J Neurosci Res 2014; 93:687-96. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Olsen
- Research Institute, Islet Biology; Winthrop-University Hospital; Mineola New York
| | - Eitan M. Akirav
- Research Institute, Islet Biology; Winthrop-University Hospital; Mineola New York
- Stony Brook University School of Medicine; Stony Brook New York
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38
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Preston MA, Macklin WB. Zebrafish as a model to investigate CNS myelination. Glia 2014; 63:177-93. [PMID: 25263121 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Myelin plays a critical role in proper neuronal function by providing trophic and metabolic support to axons and facilitating energy-efficient saltatory conduction. Myelination is influenced by numerous molecules including growth factors, hormones, transmembrane receptors and extracellular molecules, which activate signaling cascades that drive cellular maturation. Key signaling molecules and downstream signaling cascades controlling myelination have been identified in cell culture systems. However, in vitro systems are not able to faithfully replicate the complex in vivo signaling environment that occurs during development or following injury. Currently, it remains time-consuming and expensive to investigate myelination in vivo in rodents, the most widely used model for studying mammalian myelination. As such, there is a need for alternative in vivo myelination models, particularly ones that can test molecular mechanisms without removing oligodendrocyte lineage cells from their native signaling environment or disrupting intercellular interactions with other cell types present during myelination. Here, we review the ever-increasing role of zebrafish in studies uncovering novel mechanisms controlling vertebrate myelination. These innovative studies range from observations of the behavior of single cells during in vivo myelination as well as mutagenesis- and pharmacology-based screens in whole animals. Additionally, we discuss recent efforts to develop novel models of demyelination and oligodendrocyte cell death in adult zebrafish for the study of cellular behavior in real time during repair and regeneration of damaged nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie A Preston
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado
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39
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Ozgen H, Schrimpf W, Hendrix J, de Jonge JC, Lamb DC, Hoekstra D, Kahya N, Baron W. The lateral membrane organization and dynamics of myelin proteins PLP and MBP are dictated by distinct galactolipids and the extracellular matrix. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101834. [PMID: 25003183 PMCID: PMC4086962 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, lipid-protein interactions are pivotal for myelin maintenance, as these interactions regulate protein transport to the myelin membrane as well as the molecular organization within the sheath. To improve our understanding of the fundamental properties of myelin, we focused here on the lateral membrane organization and dynamics of peripheral membrane protein 18.5-kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) and transmembrane protein proteolipid protein (PLP) as a function of the typical myelin lipids galactosylceramide (GalC), and sulfatide, and exogenous factors such as the extracellular matrix proteins laminin-2 and fibronectin, employing an oligodendrocyte cell line, selectively expressing the desired galactolipids. The dynamics of MBP were monitored by z-scan point fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and raster image correlation spectroscopy (RICS), while PLP dynamics in living cells were investigated by circular scanning FCS. The data revealed that on an inert substrate the diffusion rate of 18.5-kDa MBP increased in GalC-expressing cells, while the diffusion coefficient of PLP was decreased in sulfatide-containing cells. Similarly, when cells were grown on myelination-promoting laminin-2, the lateral diffusion coefficient of PLP was decreased in sulfatide-containing cells. In contrast, PLP's diffusion rate increased substantially when these cells were grown on myelination-inhibiting fibronectin. Additional biochemical analyses revealed that the observed differences in lateral diffusion coefficients of both proteins can be explained by differences in their biophysical, i.e., galactolipid environment, specifically with regard to their association with lipid rafts. Given the persistence of pathological fibronectin aggregates in multiple sclerosis lesions, this fundamental insight into the nature and dynamics of lipid-protein interactions will be instrumental in developing myelin regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ozgen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Waldemar Schrimpf
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jelle Hendrix
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jenny C. de Jonge
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Don C. Lamb
- Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Munich Center for Integrated Protein Science (CiPSM) and Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Dick Hoekstra
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nicoletta Kahya
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (NK) (WB)
| | - Wia Baron
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail: (NK) (WB)
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40
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Okahara K, Kizuka Y, Kitazume S, Ota F, Nakajima K, Hirabayashi Y, Maekawa M, Yoshikawa T, Taniguchi N. Ceramide galactosyltransferase expression is regulated positively by Nkx2.2 and negatively by OLIG2. Glycobiology 2014; 24:926-34. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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41
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Nguyen HX, Nekanti U, Haus DL, Funes G, Moreno D, Kamei N, Cummings BJ, Anderson AJ. Induction of early neural precursors and derivation of tripotent neural stem cells from human pluripotent stem cells under xeno-free conditions. J Comp Neurol 2014; 522:2767-83. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hal X. Nguyen
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; University of California; Irvine California
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Usha Nekanti
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Daniel L. Haus
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Gabrielle Funes
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Denisse Moreno
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Noriko Kamei
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Brian J. Cummings
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; University of California; Irvine California
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
| | - Aileen J. Anderson
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; University of California; Irvine California
- Anatomy and Neurobiology; University of California; Irvine California
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center; University of California; Irvine California
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders; University of California; Irvine California
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42
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Bakhti M, Aggarwal S, Simons M. Myelin architecture: zippering membranes tightly together. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:1265-77. [PMID: 24165921 PMCID: PMC11113231 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rapid nerve conduction requires the coating of axons by a tightly packed multilayered myelin membrane. In the central nervous system, myelin is formed from cellular processes that extend from oligodendrocytes and wrap in a spiral fashion around an axon, resulting in the close apposition of adjacent myelin membrane bilayers. In this review, we discuss the physical principles underlying the zippering of the plasma membrane of oligodendrocytes at the cytoplasmic and extracellular leaflet. We propose that the interaction of the myelin basic protein with the cytoplasmic leaflet of the myelin bilayer triggers its polymerization into a fibrous network that drives membrane zippering and protein extrusion. In contrast, the adhesion of the extracellular surfaces of myelin requires the down-regulation of repulsive components of the glycocalyx, in order to uncover weak and unspecific attractive forces that bring the extracellular surfaces into close contact. Unveiling the mechanisms of myelin membrane assembly at the cytoplasmic and extracelluar sites may help to understand how the myelin bilayers are disrupted and destabilized in the different demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Bakhti
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
- Present Address: Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Shweta Aggarwal
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mikael Simons
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
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43
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Role of galactosylceramide and sulfatide in oligodendrocytes and CNS myelin: formation of a glycosynapse. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2014; 9:263-91. [PMID: 25151383 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1154-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The two major glycosphingolipids of myelin, galactosylceramide (GalC) and sulfatide (SGC), interact with each other by trans carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions in vitro. They face each other in the apposed extracellular surfaces of the multilayered myelin sheath produced by oligodendrocytes and could also contact each other between apposed oligodendrocyte processes. Multivalent galactose and sulfated galactose, in the form of GalC/SGC-containing liposomes or silica nanoparticles conjugated to galactose and galactose-3-sulfate, interact with GalC and SGC in the membrane sheets of oligodendrocytes in culture. This interaction causes transmembrane signaling, loss of the cytoskeleton and clustering of membrane domains, similar to the effects of cross-linking by anti-GalC and anti-SGC antibodies. These effects suggest that GalC and SGC could participate in glycosynapses, similar to neural synapses or the immunological synapse, between GSL-enriched membrane domains in apposed oligodendrocyte membranes or extracellular surfaces of mature myelin. Formation of such glycosynapses in vivo would be important for myelination and/or oligodendrocyte/myelin function.
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Suesca E, Alejo JL, Bolaños NI, Ocampo J, Leidy C, González JM. Sulfocerebrosides upregulate liposome uptake in human astrocytes without inducing a proinflammatory response. Cytometry A 2013; 83:627-35. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Suesca
- Grupo de Biofísica; Departamento de Física; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
| | - Jose Luis Alejo
- Grupo de Biofísica; Departamento de Física; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
| | - Natalia I. Bolaños
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
| | - Jackson Ocampo
- Grupo de Biofísica; Departamento de Física; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
| | - Chad Leidy
- Grupo de Biofísica; Departamento de Física; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
| | - John M. González
- Grupo de Ciencias Básicas Médicas; Facultad de Medicina; Universidad de los Andes; Bogotá; Colombia
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Miki T, Kaneda M, Iida K, Hasegawa G, Murakami M, Yamamoto N, Asou H, Kasahara K. An anti-sulfatide antibody O4 immunoprecipitates sulfatide rafts including Fyn, Lyn and the G protein α subunit in rat primary immature oligodendrocytes. Glycoconj J 2013; 30:819-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-013-9487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Camacho A, Huang JK, Delint-Ramirez I, Yew Tan C, Fuller M, Lelliott CJ, Vidal-Puig A, Franklin RJM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1 alpha coordinates sphingolipid metabolism, lipid raft composition and myelin protein synthesis. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2672-83. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Camacho
- Metabolic Research Laboratories; Institute of Metabolic Science; Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - Jeffrey K. Huang
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine; Cambridge; UK
| | - Ilse Delint-Ramirez
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Autonomous University of Nuevo León; Monterrey; Mexico
| | - Chong Yew Tan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories; Institute of Metabolic Science; Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - Maria Fuller
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Pathology; SA Pathology; Adelaide; SA; Australia
| | | | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Metabolic Research Laboratories; Institute of Metabolic Science; Addenbrooke's Treatment Centre; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge; UK
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Veterinary Medicine; Cambridge; UK
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Loss of electrostatic cell-surface repulsion mediates myelin membrane adhesion and compaction in the central nervous system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:3143-8. [PMID: 23382229 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1220104110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of the central nervous system (CNS), oligodendrocytes wrap their plasma membrane around axons to form a multilayered stack of tightly attached membranes. Although intracellular myelin compaction and the role of myelin basic protein has been investigated, the forces that mediate the close interaction of myelin membranes at their external surfaces are poorly understood. Such extensive bilayer-bilayer interactions are usually prevented by repulsive forces generated by the glycocalyx, a dense and confluent layer of large and negatively charged oligosaccharides. Here we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying myelin adhesion and compaction in the CNS. We revisit the role of the proteolipid protein and analyze the contribution of oligosaccharides using cellular assays, biophysical tools, and transgenic mice. We observe that differentiation of oligodendrocytes is accompanied by a striking down-regulation of components of their glycocalyx. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the adhesive properties of the proteolipid protein, along with the reduction of sialic acid residues from the cell surface, orchestrate myelin membrane adhesion and compaction in the CNS. We suggest that loss of electrostatic cell-surface repulsion uncovers weak and unspecific attractive forces in the bilayer that bring the extracellular surfaces of a membrane into close contact over long distances.
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Kolter T. Ganglioside biochemistry. ISRN BIOCHEMISTRY 2012; 2012:506160. [PMID: 25969757 PMCID: PMC4393008 DOI: 10.5402/2012/506160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Gangliosides are sialic acid-containing glycosphingolipids. They occur especially on the cellular surfaces of neuronal cells, where they form a complex pattern, but are also found in many other cell types. The paper provides a general overview on their structures, occurrence, and metabolism. Key functional, biochemical, and pathobiochemical aspects are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kolter
- Program Unit Membrane Biology & Lipid Biochemistry, LiMES, University of Bonn, Gerhard-Domagk Straße 1, 53121 Bonn, Germany
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Isolation of cortical mouse oligodendrocyte precursor cells. J Neurosci Methods 2012; 209:219-26. [PMID: 22743801 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2012.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The reliable isolation of primary oligodendrocyte progenitors cells (OPCs) holds promise as both a research tool and putative therapy for the study and treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disease and trauma. Stringently characterized primary mouse OPCs is of additional importance due to the power of transgenics to address mechanism(s) involving single genes. In this study, we developed and characterized a reproducible method for the primary culture of OPCs from postnatal day 5-7 mouse cerebral cortex. We enriched an O4(+) OPC population using Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) technology. This technique resulted in an average yield of 3.68×10(5)OPCs/brain. Following isolation, OPCs were glial fibrillary acidic protein(-) (GFAP(-)) and O4(+). Following passage and with expansion, OPCs were O4(+), A2B5(+), and NG2(+). Demonstrating their bi-potentiality, mouse OPCs differentiated into either more complex, highly arborized O4(+) or O1(+) oligodendrocytes (OLs) or GFAP(+) astrocytes. This bi-potentiality is lost, however, in co-culture with rat embryonic day 15 derived dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Following 7-14 days of OPC/DRG co-culture, OPCs aligned with DRG neurites and differentiated into mature OLs as indicated by the presence of O1 and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining. Addition of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) to conditioned media from OPC/DRG co-cultures improved OPC differentiation into mature O1(+) and MBP(+) OLs. This method allows for the study of primary mouse cortical OPC survival, maturation, and function without relying on oligosphere formation or the need for extensive passaging.
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Self-segregation of myelin membrane lipids in model membranes. Biophys J 2012; 101:2713-20. [PMID: 22261060 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Revised: 09/23/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid conduction of nerve impulses requires coating of axons by myelin sheaths, which are multilamellar, lipid-rich membranes produced by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system. To act as an insulator, myelin has to form a stable and firm membrane structure. In this study, we have analyzed the biophysical properties of myelin membranes prepared from wild-type mice and from mouse mutants that are unable to form stable myelin. Using C-Laurdan and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we find that lipids are tightly organized and highly ordered in myelin isolated from wild-type mice, but not from shiverer and ceramide synthase 2 null mice. Furthermore, only myelin lipids from wild-type mice laterally segregate into physically distinct lipid phases in giant unilamellar vesicles in a process that requires very long chain glycosphingolipids. Taken together, our findings suggest that oligodendrocytes exploit the potential of lipids to self-segregate to generate a highly ordered membrane for electrical insulation of axons.
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