1
|
Wu Y, Liu H, Sun Z, Liu J, Li K, Fan R, Dai F, Tang H, Hou Q, Li J, Tang X. The adhesion-GPCR ADGRF5 fuels breast cancer progression by suppressing the MMP8-mediated antitumorigenic effects. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:455. [PMID: 38937435 PMCID: PMC11211477 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ADGRF5 (GPR116) has been identified as a facilitator of breast cancer cell migration and metastasis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Our current study reveals that the absence of ADGRF5 in breast cancer cells impairs extracellular matrix (ECM)-associated cell motility and impedes in vivo tumor growth. This correlates with heightened expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8), a well-characterized antitumorigenic MMP, and a shift in the polarization of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) towards the antitumor N1 phenotype in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Mechanistically, ADGRF5 inhibits ERK1/2 activity by enhancing RhoA activation, leading to decreased phosphorylation of C/EBPβ at Thr235, hindering its nuclear translocation and subsequent activation. Crucially, two C/EBPβ binding motifs essential for MMP8 transcription are identified within its promoter region. Consequently, ADGRF5 silencing fosters MMP8 expression and CXCL8 secretion, attracting increased infiltration of TANs; simultaneously, MMP8 plays a role in decorin cleavage, which leads to trapped-inactivation of TGF-β in the TME, thereby polarizing TANs towards the antitumor N1 neutrophil phenotype and mitigating TGF-β-enhanced cell motility in breast cancer. Our findings reveal a novel connection between ADGRF5, an adhesion G protein-coupled receptor, and the orchestration of the TME, which dictates malignancy progression. Overall, the data underscore ADGRF5 as a promising therapeutic target for breast cancer intervention.
Collapse
Grants
- 82372645 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81972602 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82002716 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 82273497 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- 81502331 National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (grant nos. 2023JJ20021), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (521119200099, 541109030051).
- The Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (grant nos.2024JJ6490)
- Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (222300420029), Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province (23HASTIT042).
- The Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province, (2019KTSCX146), the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (JCYJ20190808164209301), the Shenzhen Scientific Research Foundation for Excellent Returned Scholars (000493), the Natural Science Foundation of Shenzhen University General Hospital (SUGH2020QD005), the Disciple gathering teaching project of Shenzhen University, the Shenzhen Key Laboratory Foundation (ZDSYS20200811143757022), the Teaching Reform Research Project of Shenzhen University (YXBJG202339), and the Shenzhen International Cooperation Research Project (GJHZ20220913143004008).
- The Wisdom Accumulation and Talent Cultivation Project of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University (YX202105), Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos. 2021JJ31010).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Wu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Huixia Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jieling Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Kai Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Ronghui Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Fujun Dai
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immuno-Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, Henan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637003, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Hou
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- International Cancer Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory, Hematology Institution of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518061, China
| | - JinSong Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Molecular Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Asim S, Hayhurst E, Callaghan R, Rizwan M. Ultra-low content physio-chemically crosslinked gelatin hydrogel improves encapsulated 3D cell culture. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130657. [PMID: 38458282 PMCID: PMC11003839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Gelatin-based hydrogels are extensively used for 3D cell culture, bioprinting, and tissue engineering due to their cell-adhesive nature and tunable physio-chemical properties. Gelatin hydrogels for 3D cell culture are often developed using high-gelatin content (frequently 10-15 % w/v) to ensure fast gelation and improved stability. While highly stable, such matrices restrict the growth of encapsulated cells due to creating a dense, restrictive environment around the encapsulated cells. Hydrogels with lower polymer content are known to improve 3D cell growth, yet fabrication of ultra-low concentration gelatin hydrogels is challenging while ensuring fast gelation and stability. Here, we demonstrate that physical gelation and photo-crosslinking in gelatin results in a fast-gelling hydrogel at a remarkably low gelatin concentration of 1 % w/v (GelPhy/Photo). The GelPhy/Photo hydrogel was highly stable, allowed uniform 3D distribution of cells, and significantly improved the spreading of encapsulated 3T3 fibroblast cells. Moreover, human cholangiocarcinoma (HuCCT-1) cells encapsulated in 1 % GelPhy/Photo matrix grew and self-assembled into epithelial cysts with lumen, which could not be achieved in a traditional high-concentration gelatin hydrogel. These findings pave the way to significantly improve existing gelatin hydrogels for 3D cell culture applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saad Asim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Emma Hayhurst
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Rachel Callaghan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA; Health Research Institute (HRI), Michigan Technological University, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu Y, Ying L, Lang JK, Hinz B, Zhao R. Modeling mechanical activation of macrophages during pulmonary fibrogenesis for targeted anti-fibrosis therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj9559. [PMID: 38552026 PMCID: PMC10980276 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj9559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is an often fatal lung disease. Immune cells such as macrophages were shown to accumulate in the fibrotic lung, but their contribution to the fibrosis development is unclear. To recapitulate the involvement of macrophages in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, we developed a fibrotic microtissue model with cocultured human macrophages and fibroblasts. We show that profibrotic macrophages seeded on topographically controlled stromal tissues became mechanically activated. The resulting co-alignment of macrophages, collagen fibers, and fibroblasts promoted widespread fibrogenesis in micro-engineered lung tissues. Anti-fibrosis treatment using pirfenidone disrupts the polarization and mechanical activation of profibrotic macrophages, leading to fibrosis inhibition. Pirfenidone inhibits the mechanical activation of macrophages by suppressing integrin αMβ2 and Rho-associated kinase 2. These results demonstrate a potential pulmonary fibrogenesis mechanism at the tissue level contributed by macrophages. The cocultured microtissue model is a powerful tool to study the immune-stromal cell interactions and the anti-fibrosis drug mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Linxuan Ying
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Lang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Clinical and Translational Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Veterans Affairs Western New York Health Care System, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Boris Hinz
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruogang Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu Z, Lu J, Gao S, Rui YN. THSD1 Suppresses Autophagy-Mediated Focal Adhesion Turnover by Modulating the FAK-Beclin 1 Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2139. [PMID: 38396816 PMCID: PMC10889294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs) play a crucial role in cell spreading and adhesion, and their autophagic degradation is an emerging area of interest. This study investigates the role of Thrombospondin Type 1 Domain-Containing Protein 1 (THSD1) in regulating autophagy and FA stability in brain endothelial cells, shedding light on its potential implications for cerebrovascular diseases. Our research reveals a physical interaction between THSD1 and FAs. Depletion of THSD1 significantly reduces FA numbers, impairing cell spreading and adhesion. The loss of THSD1 also induces autophagy independently of changes in mTOR and AMPK activation, implying that THSD1 primarily governs FA dynamics rather than serving as a global regulator of nutrient and energy status. Mechanistically, THSD1 negatively regulates Beclin 1, a central autophagy regulator, at FAs through interactions with focal adhesion kinase (FAK). THSD1 inactivation diminishes FAK activity and relieves its inhibitory phosphorylation on Beclin 1. This, in turn, promotes the complex formation between Beclin 1 and ATG14, a critical event for the activation of the autophagy cascade. In summary, our findings identify THSD1 as a novel regulator of autophagy that degrades FAs in brain endothelial cells. This underscores the distinctive nature of THSD1-mediated, cargo-directed autophagy and its potential relevance to vascular diseases due to the loss of endothelial FAs. Investigating the underlying mechanisms of THSD1-mediated pathways holds promise for discovering novel therapeutic targets in vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiayi Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan-Ning Rui
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuan Y, Tyson C, Szyniec A, Agro S, Tavakol TN, Harmon A, Lampkins D, Pearson L, Dumas JE, Taite LJ. Bioactive Polyurethane-Poly(ethylene Glycol) Diacrylate Hydrogels for Applications in Tissue Engineering. Gels 2024; 10:108. [PMID: 38391438 PMCID: PMC10887679 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyurethanes (PUs) are a highly adaptable class of biomaterials that are among some of the most researched materials for various biomedical applications. However, engineered tissue scaffolds composed of PU have not found their way into clinical application, mainly due to the difficulty of balancing the control of material properties with the desired cellular response. A simple method for the synthesis of tunable bioactive poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels containing photocurable PU is described. These hydrogels may be modified with PEGylated peptides or proteins to impart variable biological functions, and the mechanical properties of the hydrogels can be tuned based on the ratios of PU and PEGDA. Studies with human cells revealed that PU-PEG blended hydrogels support cell adhesion and viability when cell adhesion peptides are crosslinked within the hydrogel matrix. These hydrogels represent a unique and highly tailorable system for synthesizing PU-based synthetic extracellular matrices for tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Yuan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Caleb Tyson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Annika Szyniec
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Samuel Agro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Tara N Tavakol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Alexander Harmon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - DessaRae Lampkins
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Lauran Pearson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Jerald E Dumas
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina Agricultural & Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA
| | - Lakeshia J Taite
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen Z, Ezzo M, Zondag B, Rakhshani F, Ma Y, Hinz B, Kumacheva E. Intrafibrillar Crosslinking Enables Decoupling of Mechanical Properties and Structure of a Composite Fibrous Hydrogel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305964. [PMID: 37671420 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The fibrous network of an extracellular matrix (ECM) possesses mechanical properties that convey critical biological functions in cell mechanotransduction. Engineered fibrous hydrogels show promise in emulating key aspects of ECM structure and functions. However, varying hydrogel mechanics without changing its architecture remains a challenge. A composite fibrous hydrogel is developed to vary gel stiffness without affecting its structure by controlling intrafibrillar crosslinking. The hydrogel is formed from aldehyde-modified cellulose nanocrystals and gelatin methacryloyl that provide the capability of intrafibrillar photocrosslinking. By varying the degree of gelatin functionalization with methacryloyl groups and/or photoirradiation time, the hydrogel's elastic modulus is changed by more than an order of magnitude, while preserving the same fiber diameter and pore size. The hydrogel is used to seed primary mouse lung fibroblasts and test the role of ECM stiffness on fibroblast contraction and activation. Increasing hydrogel stiffness by stronger intrafibrillar crosslinking results in enhanced fibroblast activation and increased fibroblast contraction force, yet at a reduced contraction speed. The developed approach enables the fabrication of biomimetic hydrogels with decoupled structural and mechanical properties, facilitating studies of ECM mechanics on tissue development and disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Maya Ezzo
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Benjamen Zondag
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Faeze Rakhshani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Yingshan Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Boris Hinz
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E2, Canada
- Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of the St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Eugenia Kumacheva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choi HK, Travaglino S, Münchhalfen M, Görg R, Zhong Z, Lyu J, Reyes-Aguilar DM, Wienands J, Singh A, Zhu C. Mechanotransduction governs CD40 function and underlies X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.23.550231. [PMID: 37546834 PMCID: PMC10401940 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.23.550231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
B cell maturation in germinal centers (GCs) depends on cognate interactions between the T and B cells. Upon interaction with CD40 ligand (CD40L) on T cells, CD40 delivers co-stimulatory signals alongside B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling to regulate affinity maturation and antibody class-switch during GC reaction. Mutations in CD40L disrupt interactions with CD40, which lead to abnormal antibody responses in immune deficiencies known as X-linked Hyper IgM syndrome (X-HIgM). Assuming that physical interactions between highly mobile T and B cells generate mechanical forces on CD40-CD40L bonds, we set out to study the B cell mechanobiology mediated by CD40-CD40L interaction. Using a suite of biophysical assays we find that CD40 forms catch bond with CD40L where the bond lasts longer at larger forces, B cells exert tension on CD40-CD40L bonds, and force enhances CD40 signaling and antibody class-switch. Significantly, X-HIgM CD40L mutations impair catch bond formation, suppress endogenous tension, and reduce force-enhanced CD40 signaling, leading to deficiencies in antibody class switch. Our findings highlight the critical role of mechanotransduction in CD40 function and provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying X-HIgM syndrome.
Collapse
|
8
|
Francis EA, Xiao H, Teng LH, Heinrich V. Mechanisms of frustrated phagocytic spreading of human neutrophils on antibody-coated surfaces. Biophys J 2022; 121:4714-4728. [PMID: 36242516 PMCID: PMC9748254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex motions of immune cells are an integral part of diapedesis, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and other vital processes. To better understand how immune cells execute such motions, we present a detailed analysis of phagocytic spreading of human neutrophils on flat surfaces functionalized with different densities of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies. We visualize the cell-substrate contact region at high resolution and without labels using reflection interference contrast microscopy and quantify how the area, shape, and position of the contact region evolves over time. We find that the likelihood of the cell commitment to spreading strongly depends on the surface density of IgG, but the rate at which the substrate-contact area of spreading cells increases does not. Validated by a theoretical companion study, our results resolve controversial notions about the mechanisms controlling cell spreading, establishing that active forces generated by the cytoskeleton rather than cell-substrate adhesion primarily drive cellular protrusion. Adhesion, on the other hand, aids phagocytic spreading by regulating the cell commitment to spreading, the maximum cell-substrate contact area, and the directional movement of the contact region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmet A Francis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Hugh Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Lay Heng Teng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Volkmar Heinrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ostrowska-Podhorodecka Z, Ding I, Norouzi M, McCulloch CA. Impact of Vimentin on Regulation of Cell Signaling and Matrix Remodeling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:869069. [PMID: 35359446 PMCID: PMC8961691 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.869069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vimentin expression contributes to cellular mechanoprotection and is a widely recognized marker of fibroblasts and of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. But it is not understood how vimentin affects signaling that controls cell migration and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Recent data indicate that vimentin controls collagen deposition and ECM structure by regulating contractile force application to the ECM and through post-transcriptional regulation of ECM related genes. Binding of cells to the ECM promotes the association of vimentin with cytoplasmic domains of adhesion receptors such as integrins. After initial adhesion, cell-generated, myosin-dependent forces and signals that impact vimentin structure can affect cell migration. Post-translational modifications of vimentin determine its adaptor functions, including binding to cell adhesion proteins like paxillin and talin. Accordingly, vimentin regulates the growth, maturation and adhesive strength of integrin-dependent adhesions, which enables cells to tune their attachment to collagen, regulate the formation of cell extensions and control cell migration through connective tissues. Thus, vimentin tunes signaling cascades that regulate cell migration and ECM remodeling. Here we consider how specific properties of vimentin serve to control cell attachment to the underlying ECM and to regulate mesenchymal cell migration and remodeling of the ECM by resident fibroblasts.
Collapse
|
10
|
England CG. Physiology in Perspective. Physiology (Bethesda) 2021; 36:334. [PMID: 34569257 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00040.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G England
- Ethics and Editorial Development, American Physiological Society, Rockville, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|