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Ho QV, Young MJ. Mineralocorticoid receptors, macrophages and new mechanisms for cardiovascular disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 593:112340. [PMID: 39134137 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Quoc Viet Ho
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Australia; Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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Koutník J, Peer S, Humer D, Sumara G, Leitges M, Baier G, Siegmund K. T cell-intrinsic PKD3 fine-tunes differentiation into CD8 + central memory T cells and CD8 single positive thymocyte development. Immunology 2024; 173:125-140. [PMID: 38798068 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the Protein kinases D (PKD) family are described as regulators of T cell responses. From the two T cell-expressed isoforms PKD2 and PKD3, so far mainly the former was thoroughly investigated and is well understood. Recently, we have investigated also PKD3 using conventional as well as conditional T cell-specific knockout models. These studies suggested PKD3 to be a T cell-extrinsic regulator of the cells' fate. However, these former model systems did not take into account possible redundancies with the highly homologous PKD2. To overcome this issue and thus properly unravel PKD3's T cell-intrinsic functions, here we additionally used a mouse model overexpressing a constitutively active isoform of PKD3 specifically in the T cell compartment. These transgenic mice showed a slightly higher proportion of central memory T cells in secondary lymphoid organs and blood. This effect could not be explained via differences upon polyclonal stimulation in vitro, however, may be connected to the observed developmental aberrances in the CD8 single positive compartment during thymic development. Lastly, the observed alterations in the CD8+ T cell compartment did not impact proper immune response upon immunization with ovalbumin or in a subcutaneous tumour model suggesting only a small to absent biological relevance. Taking together the knowledge of all our published studies on PKD3 in the T cell compartment, we now conclude that T cell-intrinsic PKD3 is a fine-tuner of central memory T cell as well as CD8 single positive thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Koutník
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Peer
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dominik Humer
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Michael Leitges
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kerstin Siegmund
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Raghavan S, Brishti MA, Bernardelli A, Mata-Daboin A, Jaggar JH, Leo MD. Extracellular glucose and dysfunctional insulin receptor signaling independently upregulate arterial smooth muscle TMEM16A expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1237-C1247. [PMID: 38581667 PMCID: PMC11193522 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00555.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes alters the function of ion channels responsible for regulating arterial smooth muscle membrane potential, resulting in vasoconstriction. Our prior research demonstrated an elevation of TMEM16A in diabetic arteries. Here, we explored the mechanisms involved in Transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A) gene expression. Our data indicate that a Snail-mediated repressor complex regulates arterial TMEM16A gene transcription. Snail expression was reduced in diabetic arteries while TMEM16A expression was upregulated. The TMEM16A promoter contained three canonical E-box sites. Electrophoretic mobility and super shift assays revealed that the -154 nt E-box was the binding site of the Snail repressor complex and binding of the repressor complex decreased in diabetic arteries. High glucose induced a biphasic contractile response in pressurized nondiabetic mouse hindlimb arteries incubated ex vivo. Hindlimb arteries incubated in high glucose also showed decreased phospho-protein kinase D1 and TMEM16A expression. In hindlimb arteries from nondiabetic mice, administration of a bolus dose of glucose activated protein kinase D1 signaling to induce Snail degradation. In both in vivo and ex vivo conditions, Snail expression exhibited an inverse relationship with the expression of protein kinase D1 and TMEM16A. In diabetic mouse arteries, phospho-protein kinase D1 increased while Akt2 and pGSK3β levels declined. These results indicate that in nondiabetic mice, high glucose triggers a transient deactivation of the Snail repressor complex to increase arterial TMEM16A expression independently of insulin signaling. Conversely, insulin resistance activates GSK3β signaling and enhances arterial TMEM16A channel expression. These data have uncovered the Snail-mediated regulation of arterial TMEM16A expression and its dysfunction during diabetes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The calcium-activated chloride channel, TMEM16A, is upregulated in the diabetic vasculature to cause increased vasoconstriction. In this paper, we have uncovered that the TMEM16A gene expression is controlled by a Snail-mediated repressor complex that uncouples with both insulin-dependent and -independent pathways to allow for upregulated arterial protein expression thereby causing vasoconstriction. The paper highlights the effect of short- and long-term glucose-induced dysfunction of an ion channel expression as a causative factor in diabetic vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somasundaram Raghavan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Masuma Akter Brishti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Angelica Bernardelli
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Alejandro Mata-Daboin
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jonathan H Jaggar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - M Dennis Leo
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
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Odnoshivkina JG, Averin AS, Khakimov IR, Trusov NA, Trusova DA, Petrov AM. The mechanism of 25-hydroxycholesterol-mediated suppression of atrial β1-adrenergic responses. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:407-421. [PMID: 38253680 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC) is a biologically active oxysterol, whose production greatly increases during inflammation by macrophages and dendritic cells. The inflammatory reactions are frequently accompanied by changes in heart regulation, such as blunting of the cardiac β-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling. Here, the mechanism of 25HC-dependent modulation of responses to β-AR activation was studied in the atria of mice. 25HC at the submicromolar levels decreased the β-AR-mediated positive inotropic effect and enhancement of the Ca2+ transient amplitude, without changing NO production. Positive inotropic responses to β1-AR (but not β2-AR) activation were markedly attenuated by 25HC. The depressant action of 25HC on the β1-AR-mediated responses was prevented by selective β3-AR antagonists as well as inhibitors of Gi protein, Gβγ, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2/3, or β-arrestin. Simultaneously, blockers of protein kinase D and C as well as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor did not preclude the negative action of 25HC on the inotropic response to β-AR activation. Thus, 25HC can suppress the β1-AR-dependent effects via engaging β3-AR, Gi protein, Gβγ, G protein-coupled receptor kinase, and β-arrestin. This 25HC-dependent mechanism can contribute to the inflammatory-related alterations in the atrial β-adrenergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia G Odnoshivkina
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111
| | - Alexey S Averin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center of Biological Research", Pushchino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Ildar R Khakimov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
| | - Nazar A Trusov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
| | - Diliara A Trusova
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012
| | - Alexey M Petrov
- Kazan State Medical University, 49 Butlerova St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420012.
- Laboratory of Biophysics of Synaptic Processes, Kazan Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, FRC Kazan Scientific Center of RAS, 2/31 Lobachevsky St, Kazan, RT, Russia, 420111.
- Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya Street, Kazan, Russia, 420008.
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Wit M, Belykh A, Sumara G. Protein kinase D (PKD) on the crossroad of lipid absorption, synthesis and utilization. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119653. [PMID: 38104800 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Inappropriate lipid levels in the blood, as well as its content and composition in different organs, underlie multiple metabolic disorders including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Multiple processes contribute to the complex metabolism of triglycerides (TGs), fatty acids (FAs), and other lipid species. These consist of digestion and absorption of dietary lipids, de novo FAs synthesis (lipogenesis), uptake of TGs and FAs by peripheral tissues, TGs storage in the intracellular depots as well as lipid utilization for β-oxidation and their conversion to lipid-derivatives. A majority of the enzymatic reactions linked to lipogenesis, TGs synthesis, lipid absorption, and transport are happening at the endoplasmic reticulum, while β-oxidation takes place in mitochondria and peroxisomes. The Golgi apparatus is a central sorting, protein- and lipid-modifying organelle and hence is involved in lipid metabolism as well. However, the impact of the processes taking part in the Golgi apparatus are often overseen. The protein kinase D (PKD) family (composed of three members, PKD1, 2, and 3) is the master regulator of Golgi dynamics. PKDs are also a sensor of different lipid species in distinct cellular compartments. In this review, we discuss the roles of PKD family members in the regulation of lipid metabolism including the processes executed by PKDs at the Golgi apparatus. We also discuss the role of PKDs-dependent signaling in different cellular compartments and organs in the context of the development of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Andrei Belykh
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warszawa, Poland.
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Lv C, Zhou L, Meng Y, Yuan H, Geng J. PKD knockdown mitigates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and ferroptosis via the JNK/P53 signaling pathway. Cell Signal 2024; 113:110974. [PMID: 37972803 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is studied in relation to energy metabolism, autophagy, and ferroptosis, which are associated with cardiovascular adverse events and chronic heart failure. Protein kinase D (PKD) has been shown to play a degenerative role in cardiac hypertrophy. However, the role of ferroptosis in PKD-involved cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear. METHODS A cardiac hypertrophy model was induced by a subcutaneous injection of angiotensin II (Ang II) for 4 weeks. Adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9)-PKD or AAV9-Negative control were injected through the caudal vein 2 weeks prior to the injection of Ang II. The degree of cardiac hypertrophy was assessed using echocardiography and by observing cardiomyocyte morphology. Levels of ferroptosis and protein expression in the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/P53 signaling pathway were measured both in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS The results indicated that PKD knockdown reduces Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, enhances cardiac function and inhibits ferroptosis. The involvement of the JNK/P53 pathway in this process was further confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that PKD knockdown mitigates Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy and ferroptosis via the JNK/P53 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyuan Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; JiNan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Liuyi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; JiNan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Yongkang Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; JiNan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; JiNan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; JiNan Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Shandong 250021, China.
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Cui B, Liu Y, Chen J, Chen H, Feng Y, Zhang P. Small molecule inhibitor CRT0066101 inhibits cytokine storm syndrome in a mouse model of lung injury. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110240. [PMID: 37182445 PMCID: PMC10181585 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Pneumonia is an acute inflammation of the lungs induced by pathogenic microorganisms, immune damage, physical and chemical factors, and other factors, and the latest outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia is also an acute lung injury (ALI) induced by viral infection. However, there are currently no effective treatments for inflammatory cytokine storms in patients with ALI/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Protein kinase D (PKD) is a highly active kinase that has been shown to be associated with the production of inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, small-molecule compounds that inhibit PKD may be potential drugs for the treatment of ALI/ARDS. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of the small-molecule inhibitor CRT0066101 to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory cytokine production through in vitro cell experiments and a mouse pneumonia model. We found that CRT0066101 significantly reduced the protein and mRNA levels of LPS-induced cytokines (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β). CRT0066101 inhibited MyD88 and TLR4 expression and reduced NF-κB, ERK, and JNK phosphorylation. CRT0066101 also reduced NLRP3 activation, inhibited the assembly of the inflammasome complex, and attenuated inflammatory cell infiltration and lung tissue damage. Taken together, our data indicate that CRT0066101 exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced inflammation through the TLR4/MyD88 signaling pathway, suggesting that CRT0066101 may have therapeutic value in acute lung injury and other MyD88-dependent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yiying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 14, Renmin South Road Section 3, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Sinnett-Smith J, Torres-Marquez ME, Chang JK, Shimizu Y, Hao F, Martin MG, Rozengurt E. Statins inhibit protein kinase D (PKD) activation in intestinal cells and prevent PKD1-induced growth of murine enteroids. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 324:C807-C820. [PMID: 36779664 PMCID: PMC10042602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00286.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
We examined the impact of statins on protein kinase D (PKD) activation by G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists. Treatment of intestinal IEC-18 cells with cerivastatin inhibited PKD autophosphorylation at Ser916 induced by angiotensin II (ANG II) or vasopressin in a dose-dependent manner with half-maximal inhibition at 0.2 µM. Cerivastatin treatment inhibited PKD activation stimulated by these agonists for different times (5-60 min) and blunted HDAC5 phosphorylation, a substrate of PKD. Other lipophilic statins, including simvastatin, atorvastatin, and fluvastatin also prevented PKD activation in a dose-dependent manner. Using IEC-18 cell lines expressing PKD1 tagged with EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein), cerivastatin or simvastatin blocked GPCR-mediated PKD1-EGFP translocation to the plasma membrane and its subsequent nuclear accumulation. Similar results were obtained in IEC-18 cells expressing PKD3-EGFP. Mechanistically, statins inhibited agonist-dependent PKD activation rather than acting directly on PKD catalytic activity since exposure to cerivastatin or simvastatin did not impair PKD autophosphorylation or PKD1-EGFP membrane translocation in response to phorbol dibutyrate, which bypasses GPCRs and directly stimulates PKC and PKD. Furthermore, cerivastatin did not inhibit recombinant PKD activity determined via an in vitro kinase assay. Using enteroids generated from intestinal crypt-derived epithelial cells from PKD1 transgenic mice as a model of intestinal regeneration, we show that statins oppose PKD1-mediated increase in enteroid area, complexity (number of crypt-like buds), and DNA synthesis. Our results revealed a previously unappreciated inhibitory effect of statins on receptor-mediated PKD activation and in opposing the growth-promoting effects of PKD1 on intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Sinnett-Smith
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
- VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - M Eugenia Torres-Marquez
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Jen-Kuan Chang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Yuki Shimizu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Fang Hao
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Martin G Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Enrique Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States
- VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California, United States
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9
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Potential role for protein kinase D inhibitors in prostate cancer. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:341-349. [PMID: 36843036 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02298-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PrKD), a novel serine-threonine kinase, belongs to a family of calcium calmodulin kinases that consists of three isoforms: PrKD1, PrKD2, and PrKD3. The PrKD isoforms play a major role in pathologic processes such as cardiac hypertrophy and cancer progression. The charter member of the family, PrKD1, is the most extensively studied isoform. PrKD play a dual role as both a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor depending on the cellular context. The duplicity of PrKD can be highlighted in advanced prostate cancer (PCa) where expression of PrKD1 is suppressed whereas the expressions of PrKD2 and PrKD3 are upregulated to aid in cancer progression. As understanding of the PrKD signaling pathways has been better elucidated, interest has been garnered in the development of PrKD inhibitors. The broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor staurosporine acts as a potent PrKD inhibitor and is the most well-known; however, several other novel and more specific PrKD inhibitors have been developed over the last two decades. While there is tremendous potential for PrKD inhibitors to be used in a clinical setting, none has progressed beyond preclinical trials due to a variety of challenges. In this review, we focus on PrKD signaling in PCa and the potential role of PrKD inhibitors therein, and explore the possible clinical outcomes based on known function and expression of PrKD isoforms at different stages of PCa.
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Legay C, Doublier S, Babajko S, Ricort JM. Protein kinase D1 overexpression potentiates epidermal growth factor signaling pathway in MCF-7 cells. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:3641-3651. [PMID: 36800056 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08300-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase D1, PKD1, is a serine-threonine kinase implicated in cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and/or apoptosis and its activation by several growth factors sets this enzyme as a key regulator of tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Despite many studies, its role in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways remains widely disparate and needs to be clarified. METHODS AND RESULTS By using human breast cancer cells MCF-7, overexpressing or not PKD1, we demonstrated that PKD1 expression level modulated the tumor growth-promoting epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling pathway. We also showed that EGF acutely stimulated PKD1 phosphorylation with similar time courses both in control and PKD1-overexpressing cells. However, PKD1 overexpression specifically and markedly increased EGF-induced phosphorylation of Akt (onto T308 and S473 residues) and extracellular-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2). Finally, pharmacological inhibition of PKD1 activity or lowering its expression level using specific siRNAs drastically reduced EGF-stimulated Akt and ERK phosphorylation in PKD1overexpressing cells, but not in control cells. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results identified the level of PKD1 expression as a key determinant in the regulation of the EGF signaling pathway highlighting its crucial role in a tumorigenic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Legay
- Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91290, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Sophie Doublier
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Université Paris Cité, 92120, Montrouge, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ricort
- Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, 91290, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, 75006, Paris, France.
- Biomedical Research in Odontology, Université Paris Cité, 92120, Montrouge, France.
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11
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Veazey JM, Wong GS, Eliseeva SI, Smyth TR, Chapman TJ, Lim K, Kim M, Georas SN. Protein kinase D3 promotes neutrophil migration during viral infection. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:130-141. [PMID: 36318273 PMCID: PMC10112008 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family with three isoforms (PKD1-3) that are expressed in most cells and implicated in a wide array of signaling pathways, including cell growth, differentiation, transcription, secretion, polarization and actin turnover. Despite growing interest in PKD, relatively little is known about the role of PKD in immune responses. We recently published that inhibiting PKD limits proinflammatory cytokine secretion and leukocyte accumulation in mouse models of viral infection, and that PKD3 is highly expressed in the murine lung and immune cell populations. Here we focus on the immune-related phenotypes of PKD3 knockout mice. We report that PKD3 is necessary for maximal neutrophil accumulation in the lung following challenge with inhaled polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a double-stranded RNA, as well as following influenza A virus infection. Using reciprocal bone marrow chimeras, we found that PKD3 is required in the hematopoietic compartment for optimal neutrophil migration to the lung. Ex vivo transwell and chemokinesis assays confirmed that PKD3-/- neutrophils possess an intrinsic motility defect, partly because of reduced surface expression of CD18, which is critical for leukocyte migration. Finally, the peak of neutrophilia was significantly reduced in PKD3-/- mice after lethal influenza A virus infection. Together, these results demonstrate that PKD3 has an essential, and nonredundant, role in promoting neutrophil recruitment to the lung. A better understanding of the isoform-specific and cell type-specific activities of PKD has the potential to lead to novel therapeutics for respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gordon S Wong
- Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Health, Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, CT, USA
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Sophia I Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy R Smyth
- Department of Toxicology, University of North Caroline, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Kihong Lim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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12
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Keestra-Gounder AM, Nagao PE. Inflammasome activation by Gram-positive bacteria: Mechanisms of activation and regulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1075834. [PMID: 36761775 PMCID: PMC9902775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1075834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammasomes are intracellular multimeric protein complexes consisting of an innate immune sensor, the adapter protein ASC and the inflammatory caspases-1 and/or -11 and are important for the host defense against pathogens. Activaton of the receptor leads to formation of the inflammasomes and subsequent processing and activation of caspase-1 that cleaves the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Active caspase-1, and in some instances caspase-11, cleaves gasdermin D that translocates to the cell membrane where it forms pores resulting in the cell death program called pyroptosis. Inflammasomes can detect a range of microbial ligands through direct interaction or indirectly through diverse cellular processes including changes in ion fluxes, production of reactive oxygen species and disruption of various host cell functions. In this review, we will focus on the NLRP3, NLRP6, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes and how they are activated and regulated during infections with Gram-positive bacteria, including Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Listeria monocytogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Marijke Keestra-Gounder
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Prescilla Emy Nagao
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Physiology of Streptococci, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Rio de Janeiro State University (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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13
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Gao N, Rezaee F. Airway Epithelial Cell Junctions as Targets for Pathogens and Antimicrobial Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2619. [PMID: 36559113 PMCID: PMC9786141 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intercellular contacts between epithelial cells are established and maintained by the apical junctional complexes (AJCs). AJCs conserve cell polarity and build epithelial barriers to pathogens, inhaled allergens, and environmental particles in the respiratory tract. AJCs consist of tight junctions (TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs), which play a key role in maintaining the integrity of the airway barrier. Emerging evidence has shown that different microorganisms cause airway barrier dysfunction by targeting TJ and AJ proteins. This review discusses the pathophysiologic mechanisms by which several microorganisms (bacteria and viruses) lead to the disruption of AJCs in airway epithelial cells. We present recent progress in understanding signaling pathways involved in the formation and regulation of cell junctions. We also summarize the potential chemical inhibitors and pharmacological approaches to restore the integrity of the airway epithelial barrier. Understanding the AJCs-pathogen interactions and mechanisms by which microorganisms target the AJC and impair barrier function may further help design therapeutic innovations to treat these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Gao
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Fariba Rezaee
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Center for Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Children’s, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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14
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Koutník J, Leitges M, Siegmund K. T cell-intrinsic protein kinase D3 is dispensable for the cells' activation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049033. [PMID: 36466811 PMCID: PMC9713823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases D (PKDs) are implicated in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Of the two T cell-expressed isoforms PKD2 and PKD3, however, only the former one is rather well understood in this immune cell type. Recently, we have observed a putative hyper-phenotype of T cells from conventional PKD3-knockout mice, which we explained as a secondary effect due to a skewed T cell compartment from naïve towards effector/memory T cells already under steady state conditions. Nonetheless, to this end it is not clear whether these aberrations are mediated by a T cell-intrinsic or -extrinsic function of PKD3. To address this question, we have investigated mice lacking PKD3 specifically in the T cell compartment. We could show that T cells from CD4-Cre-driven conditional knockout mice did not phenocopy the ones from conventional PKD3-knockout mice. In brief, no skewing in the T cell compartment of peripheral lymphoid organs, no hyper-activation upon stimulation in vitro or in vivo as well as no aberrations in follicular helper T cells (TFH) upon immunization were observed. Hence, although PKD3 is strongly regulated upon TCR stimulation, in T cells this kinase seems to be dispensable for their activation. The described skewing in the T cell compartment of conventional PKD3-deficient mice seems to be mediated by T cell-extrinsic mechanisms, thus once more emphasizing the importance of cell type-specific mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Koutník
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Leitges
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Kerstin Siegmund
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Yuan J, Chheda C, Tan G, Elmadbouh O, Pandol SJ. Protein kinase D: A therapeutic target in experimental alcoholic pancreatitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166486. [PMID: 35835415 PMCID: PMC9481726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol abuse, a main cause of pancreatitis, has been known to augment NF-κB activation and cell necrosis in pancreatitis. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We recently reported that inhibition of protein kinase D (PKD) alleviated NF-κB activation and severity of experimental pancreatitis. Here we investigated whether PKD signaling mediated the modulatory effects of alcohol abuse on pathological responses in alcoholic pancreatitis. METHODS Alcoholic pancreatitis was provoked in two rodent models with pair-feeding control and ethanol-containing Lieber-DeCarli diets for up to 8 weeks followed by up to 7 hourly intraperitoneal injections of cerulein at 1 μg/kg (rats) or 3 μg/kg (mice). Effects of PKD inhibition by PKD inhibitors or genetic deletion of pancreatic PKD isoform (PKD3Δpanc mice) on alcoholic pancreatitis parameters were determined. RESULTS Ethanol administration amplified PKD signaling by promoting expression and activation of pancreatic PKD, resulted in augmented/promoted pancreatitis responses. Pharmacological inhibition of PKD or with PKD3Δpanc mice prevented the augmenting/sensitizing effect of ethanol on NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses, cell necrotic death and the severity of disease in alcoholic pancreatitis. PKD inhibition prevented alcohol-enhanced trypsinogen activation, mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory molecules, the receptor-interacting protein kinase activation, ATP depletion, and downregulation of pro-survival Bcl-2 protein in alcoholic pancreatitis. Furthermore, PKD inhibitor CID755673 or CRT0066101, administrated after the induction of pancreatitis in mouse and rat alcoholic pancreatitis models, significantly mitigated the severity of pancreatitis. CONCLUSION PKD mediates effect of alcohol abuse on pathological process of pancreatitis and constitutes a novel therapeutic target to treat this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yuan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California at Los Angeles and South California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, California, USA.
| | | | - Grace Tan
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California at Los Angeles and South California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, California, USA; Loma Linda Medical School, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Stephen J Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California at Los Angeles and South California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, California, USA
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16
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Cheng Y, Zhang S, Qiang Y, Dong L, Li Y. Integrated bioinformatics data analysis reveals a risk signature and PKD1 induced progression in endometrial cancer patients with postmenopausal status. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5554-5570. [PMID: 35816294 PMCID: PMC9320543 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common type of female genital malignancies. The purpose of the present study was to reveal the underlying oncogene and mechanism that played a pivotal role in postmenopausal EC patients. Methods: Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted using the microarray dataset and clinical data of EC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases to identify significant gene modules and hub genes associated with postmenopausal status in EC patients. LASSO regression was conducted to build and validate the risk model. Finally, expression of hub gene was validated in pre- and post-menopausal EC patients in our center. Results: 1240 common genes were used to construct the WGCNA model. According to the WGCNA results, we identified a brown module with 471 genes which was significantly associated with postmenopausal status in EC patients. Furthermore, we constructed an 11-gene risk signature to predict the overall survival of EC patients. The Kaplan–Meier curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) of this model showed high accuracy in prediction. We also validate the risk model in patients in our center and it also has a high accuracy. Among the 11 genes, PKD1 was recognized as a potential biomarker in the progression of EC patients with postmenopausal status. Conclusion: Taken together, we uncovered a common PKD1-mediated mechanism underlying postmenopausal EC patients’ progression by integrated analyses. This finding may improve targeted therapy for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Suyun Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Qiang
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lingyan Dong
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Department of Gynecology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
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17
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Unveiling OASIS family as a key player in hypoxia-ischemia cases induced by cocaine using generative adversarial networks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6734. [PMID: 35469040 PMCID: PMC9038918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10772-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated cocaine use poses many serious health risks to users. One of the risks is hypoxia and ischemia (HI). To restore the biological system against HI, complex biological mechanisms operate at the gene level. Despite the complexity of biological mechanisms, there are common denominator genes that play pivotal roles in various defense systems. Among these genes, the cAMP response element-binding (Creb) protein contributes not only to various aspects of drug-seeking behavior and drug reward, but also to protective mechanisms. However, it is still unclear which Creb members are key players in the protection of cocaine-induced HI conditions. Herein, using one of the state-of-the-art deep learning methods, the generative adversarial network, we revealed that the OASIS family, one of the Creb family, is a key player in various defense mechanisms such as angiogenesis and unfolded protein response against the HI state by unveiling hidden mRNA expression profiles. Furthermore, we identified mysterious kinases in the OASIS family and are able to explain why the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are vulnerable to HI at the genetic level.
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18
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Koutník J, Neururer V, Gruber T, Peer S, Hermann-Kleiter N, Olson WJ, Labi V, Leitges M, Baier G, Siegmund K. Addressing the role of PKD3 in the T cell compartment with knockout mice. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:54. [PMID: 35440091 PMCID: PMC9020081 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00864-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) has been implicated in signal transduction downstream of the T cell receptor (TCR). However, its role for the activation of primary T lymphocytes has not been elucidated so far. Methods Expression of PKD isoforms in primary murine T cells was determined by RT-PCR and SDS-Page. A germline PKD3-knockout mouse line was analyzed for its immune response to OVA/alum intraperitoneal immunization. Phenotyping of the T cell compartment ex vivo as well as upon stimulation in vitro was performed by flow cytometry. Additionally, cytokine expression was assessed by flow cytometry, RT-PCR and Luminex technology. Results PKD expression in T cells is modulated by TCR stimulation, leading to a rapid down-regulation on mRNA and on protein level. PKD3-deficient mice respond to immunization with enhanced T follicular helper cell generation. Furthermore, peripheral PKD3-deficient CD4+ T cells express more interleukin-2 than wild type CD4+ T cells upon TCR stimulation ex vivo. However, purified naïve CD4+ T cells do not differ in their phenotype upon differentiation in vitro from wild type T cells. Moreover, we observed a shift towards an effector/memory phenotype of splenic T cells at steady state, which might explain the contradictory results obtained with pan-T cells ex vivo and naïve-sorted T cells. Conclusion While PKD3-deficiency in vivo in mice leads to a skewing of the T cell compartment towards a more activated phenotype, this kinase seems to be dispensable for naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation in vitro. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00864-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiří Koutník
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Neururer
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sebastian Peer
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - William J Olson
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Biomedical Aging Research, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Labi
- Institute of Developmental Immunology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Leitges
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Craig L Dobbin Genetics Research Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland Health Science Centre, 300 Prince Philip Drive, St. John's, NF, A1B 3V6, Canada
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kerstin Siegmund
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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19
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Wang F, Yin XS, Lu J, Cen C, Wang Y. Phosphorylation-dependent positive feedback on the oxytocin receptor through the kinase PKD1 contributes to long-term social memory. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabd0033. [PMID: 35104164 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Social memory enables one to recognize and distinguish specific individuals. It is fundamental to social behaviors that can be mediated by the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), such as forming relationships. We investigated the molecular regulation and function of OXTR in animal behavior involving social memory. We found that Ser261 in OXTR was phosphorylated by protein kinase D1 (PKD1). Neuronal Ca2+ signaling and behavior analyses revealed that rats expressing a mutated form of OXTR that cannot be phosphorylated at this residue (OXTR S261A) in the medial amygdala (MeA) exhibited impaired long-term social memory (LTSM). Blocking the phosphorylation of wild-type OXTR in the MeA using an interfering peptide in rats or through conditional knockout of Pkd1 in mice reduced social memory retention, whereas expression of a phosphomimetic mutant of OXTR rescued it. In HEK293A cells, the PKD1-mediated phosphorylation of OXTR promoted its binding to Gq protein and, in turn, OXTR-mediated phosphorylation of PKD1, indicating a positive feedback loop. In addition, OXTR with a single-nucleotide polymorphism found in humans (rs200362197), which has a mutation in the conserved recognition region in the PKD1 phosphorylation site, showed impaired activation and signaling in vitro and in HEK293A cells similar to that of the S216A mutant. Our findings describe a phosphoregulatory loop for OXTR and its critical role in social behavior that might be further explored in associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiang-Sha Yin
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Cheng Cen
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Institute; Key Lab for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education of China and National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China.,PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Kinome-Wide Profiling Identifies Human WNK3 as a Target of Cajanin Stilbene Acid from Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031506. [PMID: 35163434 PMCID: PMC8835736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) is a common food crop used in many parts of the world for nutritional purposes. One of its chemical constituents is cajanin stilbene acid (CSA), which exerts anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. In an effort to identify molecular targets of CSA, we performed a kinome-wide approach based on the measurement of the enzymatic activities of 252 human kinases. The serine-threonine kinase WNK3 (also known as protein kinase lysine-deficient 3) was identified as the most promising target of CSA with the strongest enzymatic activity inhibition in vitro and the highest binding affinity in molecular docking in silico. The lowest binding affinity and the predicted binding constant pKi of CSA (−9.65 kcal/mol and 0.084 µM) were comparable or even better than those of the known WNK3 inhibitor PP-121 (−9.42 kcal/mol and 0.123 µM). The statistically significant association between WNK3 mRNA expression and cellular responsiveness to several clinically established anticancer drugs in a panel of 60 tumor cell lines and the prognostic value of WNK3 mRNA expression in sarcoma biopsies for the survival time of 230 patients can be taken as clues that CSA-based inhibition of WNK3 may improve treatment outcomes of cancer patients and that CSA may serve as a valuable supplement to the currently used combination therapy protocols in oncology.
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21
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Steinberg SF. Decoding the Cardiac Actions of Protein Kinase D Isoforms. Mol Pharmacol 2021; 100:558-567. [PMID: 34531296 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) consists of a family of three structurally related enzymes that play key roles in a wide range of biological functions that contribute to the evolution of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. PKD1 (the founding member of this enzyme family) has been implicated in the phosphorylation of substrates that regulate cardiac hypertrophy, contraction, and susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury, and de novo PRKD1 (protein kinase D1 gene) mutations have been identified in patients with syndromic congenital heart disease. However, cardiomyocytes coexpress all three PKDs. Although stimulus-specific activation patterns for PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 have been identified in cardiomyocytes, progress toward identifying PKD isoform-specific functions in the heart have been hampered by significant gaps in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate PKD activity. This review incorporates recent conceptual breakthroughs in our understanding of various alternative mechanisms for PKD activation, with an emphasis on recent evidence that PKDs activate certain effector responses as dimers, to consider the role of PKD isoforms in signaling pathways that drive cardiac hypertrophy and ischemia/reperfusion injury. The focus is on whether the recently identified activation mechanisms that enhance the signaling repertoire of PKD family enzymes provide novel therapeutic strategies to target PKD enzymes and prevent or slow the evolution of cardiac injury and pathological cardiac remodeling. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: PKD isoforms regulate a large number of fundamental biological processes, but the understanding of the biological actions of individual PKDs (based upon studies using adenoviral overexpression or gene-silencing methods) remains incomplete. This review focuses on dimerization, a recently identified mechanism for PKD activation, and the notion that this mechanism provides a strategy to develop novel PKD-targeted pharmaceuticals that restrict proliferation, invasion, or angiogenesis in cancer and prevent or slow the evolution of cardiac injury and pathological cardiac remodeling.
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22
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Du Y, Lv D, Cui B, Li X, Chen H, Kang Y, Chen Q, Feng Y, Zhang P, Chen J, Zhou X. Protein kinase D1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via E-cadherin/Snail regulation. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1539-1554. [PMID: 34351044 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a malignant tumor, which is characterized by a higher incidence of distant metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in regulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes the metastasis in SACC. We analyzed the expression of PKD1 in 40 SACC patients and different metastatic potential cell lines. Then, we investigated whether the migration and growth of SACC were regulated by PKD1 using shRNA interference or inhibition of kinase active in vitro cell. Moreover, the mechanism by which PKD1 regulates the stability of Snail protein was determined. Finally, nude mice were used to testify the function of PKD1 via tail vein injection. PKD1 was correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of SACC patients. PKD1 inhibition attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of SACC cells. Conversely, kinase active PKD1 could induce EMT and promoted cell migration in human HSG cell. Furthermore, downregulation of PKD1 regulated Snail via phosphorylation at Ser-11 on Snail protein and promotion of proteasome-mediated degradation, and reduced lung metastasis in vivo. Our results suggest that PKD1 induces the EMT and promotes the metastasis, which illustrate that PKD1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and serve as a potential therapeutic target for SACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Du
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bomiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingzhu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Stomatology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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23
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The PKD-Dependent Biogenesis of TGN-to-Plasma Membrane Transport Carriers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071618. [PMID: 34203456 PMCID: PMC8303525 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane trafficking is essential for processing and transport of proteins and lipids and to establish cell compartmentation and tissue organization. Cells respond to their needs and control the quantity and quality of protein secretion accordingly. In this review, we focus on a particular membrane trafficking route from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the cell surface: protein kinase D (PKD)-dependent pathway for constitutive secretion mediated by carriers of the TGN to the cell surface (CARTS). Recent findings highlight the importance of lipid signaling by organelle membrane contact sites (MCSs) in this pathway. Finally, we discuss our current understanding of multiple signaling pathways for membrane trafficking regulation mediated by PKD, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), growth factors, metabolites, and mechanosensors.
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24
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Jiang Y, Guo Y, Hao J, Guenter R, Lathia J, Beck AW, Hattaway R, Hurst D, Wang QJ, Liu Y, Cao Q, Krontiras H, Chen H, Silverstein R, Ren B. Development of an arteriolar niche and self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells by lysophosphatidic acid/protein kinase D signaling. Commun Biol 2021; 4:780. [PMID: 34168243 PMCID: PMC8225840 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02308-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are essential for cancer growth, metastasis and recurrence. The regulatory mechanisms of BCSC interactions with the vascular niche within the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their self-renewal are currently under extensive investigation. We have demonstrated the existence of an arteriolar niche in the TME of human BC tissues. Intriguingly, BCSCs tend to be enriched within the arteriolar niche in human estrogen receptor positive (ER+) BC and bi-directionally interact with arteriolar endothelial cells (ECs). Mechanistically, this interaction is driven by the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)/protein kinase D (PKD-1) signaling pathway, which promotes both arteriolar differentiation of ECs and self-renewal of CSCs likely via differential regulation of CD36 transcription. This study indicates that CSCs may enjoy blood perfusion to maintain their stemness features. Targeting the LPA/PKD-1 -CD36 signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential to curb tumor progression by disrupting the arteriolar niche and effectively eliminating CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Jiang
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yichen Guo
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jinjin Hao
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rachael Guenter
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Justin Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Adam W Beck
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Reagan Hattaway
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Douglas Hurst
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Qiming Jane Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yehe Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Qi Cao
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helen Krontiras
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Herbert Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Roy Silverstein
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, WI, USA
| | - Bin Ren
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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25
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Loza-Valdes A, Mayer AE, Kassouf T, Trujillo-Viera J, Schmitz W, Dziaczkowski F, Leitges M, Schlosser A, Sumara G. A phosphoproteomic approach reveals that PKD3 controls PKA-mediated glucose and tyrosine metabolism. Life Sci Alliance 2021; 4:4/8/e202000863. [PMID: 34145024 PMCID: PMC8321662 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D3 (PKD3) regulates hepatic metabolism in a PKA-dependent manner and reveals many other putative PKD3 targets in the liver. Members of the protein kinase D (PKD) family (PKD1, 2, and 3) integrate hormonal and nutritional inputs to regulate complex cellular metabolism. Despite the fact that a number of functions have been annotated to particular PKDs, their molecular targets are relatively poorly explored. PKD3 promotes insulin sensitivity and suppresses lipogenesis in the liver of animals fed a high-fat diet. However, its substrates are largely unknown. Here we applied proteomic approaches to determine PKD3 targets. We identified more than 300 putative targets of PKD3. Furthermore, biochemical analysis revealed that PKD3 regulates cAMP-dependent PKA activity, a master regulator of the hepatic response to glucagon and fasting. PKA regulates glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism in the liver, by targeting key enzymes in the respective processes. Among them the PKA targets phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) catalyzes the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. Consistently, we showed that PKD3 is activated by glucagon and promotes glucose and tyrosine levels in hepatocytes. Therefore, our data indicate that PKD3 might play a role in the hepatic response to glucagon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Loza-Valdes
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander E Mayer
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Toufic Kassouf
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jonathan Trujillo-Viera
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Filip Dziaczkowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael Leitges
- Tier 1, Canada Research Chair in Cell Signaling and Translational Medicine, Division of BioMedical Sciences/Faculty of Medicine, Craig L Dobbin Genetics Research Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Health Science Centre, St. Johns, Canada
| | - Andreas Schlosser
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf Virchow Center, Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany .,Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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26
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Trujillo‐Viera J, El‐Merahbi R, Schmidt V, Karwen T, Loza‐Valdes A, Strohmeyer A, Reuter S, Noh M, Wit M, Hawro I, Mocek S, Fey C, Mayer AE, Löffler MC, Wilhelmi I, Metzger M, Ishikawa E, Yamasaki S, Rau M, Geier A, Hankir M, Seyfried F, Klingenspor M, Sumara G. Protein Kinase D2 drives chylomicron-mediated lipid transport in the intestine and promotes obesity. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13548. [PMID: 33949105 PMCID: PMC8103097 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are the most energy-dense components of the diet, and their overconsumption promotes obesity and diabetes. Dietary fat content has been linked to the lipid processing activity by the intestine and its overall capacity to absorb triglycerides (TG). However, the signaling cascades driving intestinal lipid absorption in response to elevated dietary fat are largely unknown. Here, we describe an unexpected role of the protein kinase D2 (PKD2) in lipid homeostasis. We demonstrate that PKD2 activity promotes chylomicron-mediated TG transfer in enterocytes. PKD2 increases chylomicron size to enhance the TG secretion on the basolateral side of the mouse and human enterocytes, which is associated with decreased abundance of APOA4. PKD2 activation in intestine also correlates positively with circulating TG in obese human patients. Importantly, deletion, inactivation, or inhibition of PKD2 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes and improves gut microbiota profile in mice. Taken together, our findings suggest that PKD2 represents a key signaling node promoting dietary fat absorption and may serve as an attractive target for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Trujillo‐Viera
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Rabih El‐Merahbi
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Till Karwen
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Angel Loza‐Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Akim Strohmeyer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Saskia Reuter
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Minhee Noh
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Magdalena Wit
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Izabela Hawro
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
| | - Sabine Mocek
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Christina Fey
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC)Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC‐RT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Alexander E Mayer
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mona C Löffler
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Ilka Wilhelmi
- Department of Experimental DiabetologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD)München‐NeuherbergGermany
| | - Marco Metzger
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC)Translational Center Regenerative Therapies (TLC‐RT)WürzburgGermany
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Molecular ImmunologyResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Molecular ImmunologyImmunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Molecular ImmunologyResearch Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Molecular ImmunologyImmunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC)Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Monika Rau
- Division of HepatologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Andreas Geier
- Division of HepatologyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Mohammed Hankir
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Florian Seyfried
- Department of General, Visceral, Transplant, Vascular and Pediatric SurgeryUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichTUM School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanFreisingGermany
- EKFZ ‐ Else Kröner‐Fresenius‐Center for Nutritional MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- ZIEL ‐ Institute for Food & HealthTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐ZentrumCenter for Integrative and Translational BioimagingUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Nencki Institute of Experimental BiologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarszawaPoland
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27
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Gilles P, Voets L, Van Lint J, De Borggraeve WM. Developments in the Discovery and Design of Protein Kinase D Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2158-2171. [PMID: 33829655 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family belonging to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase group. Since its discovery two decades ago, many efforts have been put in elucidating PKD's structure, cellular role and functioning. The PKD family consists of three highly homologous isoforms: PKD1, PKD2 and PKD3. Accumulating cell-signaling research has evidenced that dysregulated PKD plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy and several cancer types. These findings led to a broad interest in the design of small-molecule protein kinase D inhibitors. In this review, we present an extensive overview on the past and recent advances in the discovery and development of PKD inhibitors. The focus extends from broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors used in PKD signaling experiments to intentionally developed, bioactive PKD inhibitors. Finally, attention is paid to PKD inhibitors that have been identified as an off-target through large kinome screening panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Gilles
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lauren Voets
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Van Lint
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine & Leuven Cancer Institute, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven O&N I, Herestraat 49 - Box 901, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim M De Borggraeve
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Design and Synthesis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F - Box 2404, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
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28
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Zhang X, Connelly J, Chao Y, Wang QJ. Multifaceted Functions of Protein Kinase D in Pathological Processes and Human Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030483. [PMID: 33807058 PMCID: PMC8005150 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is a family of serine/threonine protein kinases operating in the signaling network of the second messenger diacylglycerol. The three family members, PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, are activated by a variety of extracellular stimuli and transduce cell signals affecting many aspects of basic cell functions including secretion, migration, proliferation, survival, angiogenesis, and immune response. Dysregulation of PKD in expression and activity has been detected in many human diseases. Further loss- or gain-of-function studies at cellular levels and in animal models provide strong support for crucial roles of PKD in many pathological conditions, including cancer, metabolic disorders, cardiac diseases, central nervous system disorders, inflammatory diseases, and immune dysregulation. Complexity in enzymatic regulation and function is evident as PKD isoforms may act differently in different biological systems and disease models, and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences and their biological significance in vivo is essential for the development of safer and more effective PKD-targeted therapies. In this review, to provide a global understanding of PKD function, we present an overview of the PKD family in several major human diseases with more focus on cancer-associated biological processes.
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29
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Li G, Xing Z, Wang W, Luo W, Ma Z, Wu Z, Chen H, Li Y, Wang C, Zeng F, Deng F. Adipose-specific knockout of Protein Kinase D1 suppresses de novo lipogenesis in mice via SREBP1c-dependent signaling. Exp Cell Res 2021; 401:112548. [PMID: 33675805 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Having healthy adipose tissue is essential for metabolic health, as excessive adipose tissue in the body can cause its dysregulation and driving chronic metabolic diseases. Protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is considered to be a key kinase in signal transduction, which regulates multiple cellular functions, but its physiological functions in adipose are still not fully understood. This study aimed at elucidating the function of adipocyte PKD1 on lipogenesis. From RNA-Sequencing data, we found that the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway in white adipose tissue lacking PKD1 was significantly affected. Critical rate-limiting enzymes for de novo lipogenesis in adipocytes, such as FASN, ACCα, and SCD1, were significantly repressed after deleting PKD1 in vivo and in vitro. Further studies revealed that blockade of PKD1 significantly increased phosphorylation of SREBP1c at serine 372 site. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PKD1 interacts with SREBP1c in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, overexpression of SREBP1c reversed the inhibition of FASN and ACCα expression caused by PKD1 silencing. Together, adipocyte PKD1 promotes de novo lipogenesis via SREBP1c-dependent manner in visceral white adipose tissue and might provide a new target for the development of anti-obesity therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihuan Li
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenyang Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenyang Luo
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zunya Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhicong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Group, Sydney Institute of Health Sciences/Sydney Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Fangyin Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510900, China.
| | - Fan Deng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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30
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Pablo Tortola C, Fielitz B, Li Y, Rüdebusch J, Luft FC, Fielitz J. Activation of Tripartite Motif Containing 63 Expression by Transcription Factor EB and Transcription Factor Binding to Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Enhancer 3 Is Regulated by Protein Kinase D and Class IIa Histone Deacetylases. Front Physiol 2021; 11:550506. [PMID: 33519497 PMCID: PMC7838639 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.550506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale The ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is responsible for skeletal muscle atrophy. We showed earlier that the transcription factor EB (TFEB) plays a role by increasing E3 ubiquitin ligase muscle really interesting new gene-finger 1(MuRF1)/tripartite motif-containing 63 (TRIM63) expression. MuRF 1 ubiquitinates structural proteins and mediates their UPS-dependent degradation. We now investigated how TFEB-mediated TRIM63 expression is regulated. Objective Because protein kinase D1 (PKD1), histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), and TFEB belong to respective families with close structural, regulatory, and functional properties, we hypothesized that these families comprise a network regulating TRIM63 expression. Methods and Results We found that TFEB and transcription factor for immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer 3 (TFE3) activate TRIM63 expression. The class IIa HDACs HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7 inhibited this activity. Furthermore, we could map the HDAC5 and TFE3 physical interaction. PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3 reversed the inhibitory effect of all tested class IIa HDACs toward TFEB and TFE3. PKD1 mediated nuclear export of all HDACs and lifted TFEB and TFE3 repression. We also mapped the PKD2 and HDAC5 interaction. We found that the inhibitory effect of PKD1 and PKD2 toward HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7 was mediated by their phosphorylation and 14-3-3 mediated nuclear export. Conclusion TFEB and TFE3 activate TRIM63 expression. Both transcription factors are controlled by HDAC4, HDAC5, HDAC7, and all PKD-family members. We propose that the multilevel PKD/HDAC/TFEB/TFE3 network tightly controls TRIM63 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pablo Tortola
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Fielitz
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yi Li
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Rüdebusch
- Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Fielitz
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Max Delbrück Center (MDC) for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine B, Cardiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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31
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Liu Y, Song H, Zhou Y, Ma X, Xu J, Yu Z, Chen L. The oncogenic role of protein kinase D3 in cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:735-739. [PMID: 33403031 PMCID: PMC7778554 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase D3 (PRKD3), a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to protein kinase D family, which contains three members: PRKD1, PRKD2, and PRKD3. PRKD3 is activated by many stimuli including phorbol esters, and G-protein-coupled receptor agonists. PRKD3 promotes cancer cell proliferation, growth, migration, and invasion in various tumor types including colorectal, gastric, hepatic, prostate, and breast cancer. Accumulating data supports that PRKD3 is a promising therapeutic target for treatment of cancer. This review discusses the functions and mechanisms of PRKD3 in promoting tumorigenesis and tumor progression of various tumor types as well as the latest developments of small-molecule inhibitors selection for PRKD/PRKD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Bio-Medical Diagnostics, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, P. R. China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Institute of cancer, Department of biochemistry, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
| | - Hang Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, P. R.China
| | - Yehui Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Xinxing Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, P. R.China
| | - Zhenghong Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, P. R.China
| | - Liming Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, Institute of cancer, Department of biochemistry, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, P. R. China
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32
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Tyagi K, Roy A. Evaluating the current status of protein kinase C (PKC)-protein kinase D (PKD) signalling axis as a novel therapeutic target in ovarian cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1875:188496. [PMID: 33383102 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, especially high grade serous ovarian cancer is one of the most lethal gynaecological malignancies with high relapse rate and patient death. Notwithstanding development of several targeted treatment and immunotherapeutic approaches, researchers fail to turn ovarian cancer into a manageable disease. Protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase D (PKD) are families of evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine kinases that can be activated by a plethora of extracellular stimuli such as hormones, growth factors and G-protein coupled receptor agonists. Recent literature suggests that a signalling cascade initiated by these two protein kinases regulates a battery of cellular and physiological processes involved in tumorigenesis including cell proliferation, migration, invasion and angiogenesis. In an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic interventions against a deadly pathology like ovarian cancer, we have discussed the status quo of PKC/PKD signalling axis in context of this disease. Additionally, apart from discussing the structural properties and activation mechanisms of PKC/PKD, we have provided a comprehensive review of the recent reports on tumor promoting functions of PKC isoforms and discussed the potential of PKC/PKD signalling axis as a novel target in this lethal pathology. Furthermore, in this review, we have discussed the significance of several recent clinical trials and development of small molecule inhibitors that target PKC/PKD signalling axis in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India
| | - Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201303, India.
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33
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Wang J, Chen Y, Chen L, Duan Y, Kuang X, Peng Z, Li C, Li Y, Xiao Y, Jin H, Tan Q, Zhang S, Zhu B, Tang Y. EGCG modulates PKD1 and ferroptosis to promote recovery in ST rats. Transl Neurosci 2020; 11:173-181. [PMID: 33335755 PMCID: PMC7712186 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2020-0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes devastating loss of function and neuronal death without effective treatment. (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has antioxidant properties and plays an essential role in the nervous system. However, the underlying mechanism by which EGCG promotes neuronal survival and functional recovery in complete spinal cord transection (ST) remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we established primary cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) and a T10 ST rat model to investigate the antioxidant effects of EGCG via its modulation of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) phosphorylation and inhibition of ferroptosis. Results We revealed that EGCG significantly increased the cell survival rate of CGNs and PKD1 phosphorylation levels in comparison to the vehicle control, with a maximal effect observed at 50 µM. EGCG upregulated PKD1 phosphorylation levels and inhibited ferroptosis to reduce the cell death of CGNs under oxidative stress and to promote functional recovery and ERK phosphorylation in rats following complete ST. Conclusion Together, these results lay the foundation for EGCG as a novel strategy for the treatment of SCI related to PKD1 phosphorylation and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China.,Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Jilong Union School of Hengnan County, Hengyang 421000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yanzhi Duan
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xuejun Kuang
- Affiliated Hospital, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Affiliated Hospital, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Conghui Li
- Affiliated Hospital, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yuanhao Li
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Hao Jin
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Quandan Tan
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Bopei Zhu
- Department of Clinical, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
| | - Yinjuan Tang
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiangnan University, Chenzhou 423000, Hunan Province, China
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Baba S, Akashi T, Kayamori K, Ohuchi T, Ogawa I, Kubota N, Nakano K, Nagatsuka H, Hasegawa H, Matsuzaka K, Tomii S, Uchida K, Katsuta N, Sekiya T, Ando N, Miura K, Ishibashi H, Ariizumi Y, Asakage T, Michi Y, Harada H, Sakamoto K, Eishi Y, Okubo K, Ikeda T. Homeobox transcription factor engrailed homeobox 1 is a possible diagnostic marker for adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous adenocarcinoma. Pathol Int 2020; 71:113-123. [PMID: 33333616 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostic utility of a homeobox transcription factor, engrailed homeobox 1 (En1) in the histopathology of salivary gland neoplasms was studied. The expression of En1 was immunohistochemically examined in 51 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) and 143 cases of other salivary gland neoplasms. In all 51 AdCCs, En1 was expressed in 30-100% of tumor cells. In eight of nine polymorphous adenocarcinomas (PACs), En1 was expressed in 40-100% of tumor cells. Less than 5% of tumor cells expressed En1 in three of 12 epithelial-myoepithelial carcinomas, one of 17 basal cell adenomas (BCAs), and one of 34 pleomorphic adenomas (PAs). Among 55 other carcinoma cases, 1-30% of tumor cells expressed En1 in three salivary duct carcinomas (SDCs) ex PA. None of the myoepitheliomas and Warthin tumors expressed En1. When the cut-off value of the percentage of En1-expressing cells was set to 25%, all 51 AdCCs, eight of nine PACs and one SDC ex PA were En1-positive and the others were En1-negative. En1 is expressed consistently in AdCCs, frequently in PACs, but rarely in other salivary gland neoplasms. En1 is a possible diagnostic marker for AdCC and PAC in the histopathology of salivary gland neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Baba
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kou Kayamori
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohuchi
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Keiyukai Sapporo Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ikuko Ogawa
- Center of Oral Clinical Examination, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhisa Kubota
- Division of Environmental Pathology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Hasegawa
- Hard Tissue Pathology Unit, Graduate School of Oral Medicine, Matsumoto Dental University, Nagano, Japan
| | | | - Shohei Tomii
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Uchida
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Katsuta
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sekiya
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noboru Ando
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Miura
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Ishibashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yousuke Ariizumi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Asakage
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Michi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Eishi
- Department of Human Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Okubo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Veazey JM, Eliseeva SI, Hillman SE, Stiles K, Smyth TR, Morrissey CE, Tillotson EJ, Topham DJ, Chapman TJ, Georas SN. Inhibiting Protein Kinase D Promotes Airway Epithelial Barrier Integrity in Mouse Models of Influenza A Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:580401. [PMID: 33381112 PMCID: PMC7767883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Protein kinase D (PKD) is a serine/threonine kinase family that is involved in a wide array of signaling pathways. Although PKD has been implicated in immune responses, relatively little is known about the function of PKD in the lung or during viral infections. Objectives We investigated the hypothesis that PKD is involved in multiple aspects of host response to viral infection. Methods The selective PKD inhibitor CRT0010166 was administered to C57BL/6 mice prior to and during challenge with either inhaled double-stranded RNA or Influenza A Virus. PKD signaling pathways were investigated in human bronchial epithelial cells treated with CRT0010166, double-stranded RNA, and/or infected with Influenza A Virus. Measurements Total protein and albumin accumulation in the bronchoalveolar fluid was used to asses inside/out leak. Clearance of inhaled FITC-dextran out of the airspace was used to assess outside/in leak. Cytokines and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage were assayed with ELISAs and cytospins respectively. Viral RNA level was assessed with RT-PCR and protein level assessed by ELISA. Main Results PKD inhibition prevented airway barrier dysfunction and pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Epithelial cells express PKD3, and PKD3 siRNA knock-down inhibited polyI:C induced cytokine production. Lung epithelial-specific deletion of PKD3 (CC10-Cre x PKD3-floxed mice) partially attenuated polyI:C-induced barrier disruption in vivo. Mechanistically, we found that PKD promoted cytokine mRNA transcription, not secretion, likely through activating the transcription factor Sp1. Finally, prophylactic CRT treatment of mice promoted barrier integrity during influenza virus infection and reduced viral burden. Conclusions Inhibiting PKD promotes barrier integrity, limit pathogenic cytokine levels, and restrict Influenza A Virus infection. Therefore, PKD is an attractive target for novel antiviral therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Veazey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sophia I Eliseeva
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Sara E Hillman
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Kristie Stiles
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Timothy R Smyth
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Erika J Tillotson
- Department of Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Dave J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Timothy J Chapman
- Center for Infectious Disease and Immunology, Rochester Regional Health, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steve N Georas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
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36
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Gilles P, Kashyap RS, Freitas MJ, Ceusters S, Van Asch K, Janssens A, De Jonghe S, Persoons L, Cobbaut M, Daelemans D, Van Lint J, Voet AR, De Borggraeve WM. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine-based protein kinase D inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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Yuan J, Chheda C, Piplani H, Geng M, Tan G, Thakur R, Pandol SJ. Pancreas-specific deletion of protein kinase D attenuates inflammation, necrosis, and severity of acute pancreatitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1867:165987. [PMID: 33039594 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein kinase D (PKD) family, which includes PKD/PKD1, PKD2, and PKD3, has been increasingly implicated in the regulation of multiple cellular functions and human diseases. We recently reported that pharmacologic inhibition of PKD ameliorated the pathologic responses and severity of pancreatitis. However, to further investigate the importance of PKD family members in pancreatitis, it is necessary to explore the effects of pancreas-specific genetic inhibition of PKD isoform on pathology of pancreatitis. METHODS We generated a mouse model (referred as PKD3Δpanc mice) with pancreas-specific deletion of PKD3, the predominant PKD isoform in mouse pancreatic acinar cells, by crossing Pkd3flox/flox mice with Pdx1-Cre transgenic mice which express Cre recombinase under the control of the mouse Pdx1 promoter. Pancreas-specific deletion of the PKD3 gene and PKD3 protein was confirmed by PCR and Western blot analysis. Experimental pancreatitis was induced in PKD3Δpanc and Pkd3flox/flox (control mice) littermates by intraperitoneal injections of cerulein or L-arginine. RESULTS Compared to the control mice, PKD3Δpanc mice displayed significant attenuation in inflammation, necrosis, and severity of pancreatitis in both experimental models. PKD3Δpanc mice had markedly decreased NF-κB and trypsinogen activation, pancreatic mRNA expression of multiple inflammatory molecules, and the receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) activation in pancreatitis. PKD3Δpanc mice also had less pancreatic ATP depletion, increased pro-survival Bcl-2 family protein expression, and autophagy promotion. CONCLUSION With PKD3Δpanc mouse model, we further demonstrated that PKD plays a critical role in pathobiological process of pancreatitis and PKD constitutes a novel therapeutic target to treat this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yuan
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California at Los Angeles, South California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, California, USA.
| | | | | | - Meng Geng
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California at Los Angeles, South California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, California, USA; Frank Netter H. School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, CT, USA
| | - Grace Tan
- Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California at Los Angeles, South California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, California, USA; Loma Linda Medical School, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Reetu Thakur
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Pandol
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, University of California at Los Angeles, South California Research Center for Alcoholic Liver and Pancreatic Diseases, California, USA
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Liang Y, Su Y, Xu C, Zhang N, Liu D, Li G, Tong T, Chen J. Protein kinase D1 phosphorylation of KAT7 enhances its protein stability and promotes replication licensing and cell proliferation. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:89. [PMID: 33014433 PMCID: PMC7501302 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00323-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The histone acetyltransferase (HAT) KAT7/HBO1/MYST2 plays a crucial role in the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) formation, DNA replication and cell proliferation via acetylation of histone H4 and H3. In a search for protein kinase D1 (PKD1)-interacting proteins, we have identified KAT7 as a potential PKD1 substrate. We show that PKD1 directly interacts and phosphorylates KAT7 at Thr97 and Thr331 in vitro and in vivo. PKD1-mediated phosphorylation of KAT7 enhances its expression levels and stability by reducing its ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Significantly, the phospho-defective mutant KAT7-Thr97/331A attenuates histone H4 acetylation levels, MCM2/6 loading on the chromatin, DNA replication and cell proliferation. Similarly, PKD1 knockdown decreases, whereas the constitutive active mutant PKD1-CA increases histone H4 acetylation levels and MCM2/6 loading on the chromatin. Overall, these results suggest that PKD1-mediated phosphorylation of KAT7 may be required for pre-RC formation and DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yuanyuan Su
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Chenzhong Xu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Na Zhang
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Doudou Liu
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Guodong Li
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Tanjun Tong
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jun Chen
- Peking University Research Center on Aging, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191 China
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Chen S, Jiang Q, Huang P, Hu C, Shen H, Schachner M, Zhao W. The L1 cell adhesion molecule affects protein kinase D1 activity in the cerebral cortex in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:141-150. [PMID: 32540419 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by deposition of β-amyloid protein (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive deficits resulting from neuronal cell death. In search for the molecular underpinnings of the disease, we were interested in the relationship between Aβ, L1 cell adhesion molecule and protein kinase D1 (PKD1), which are not only implicated in neural development and functional maintenance in the adult, but are also neuroprotective under pathological conditions. Based on our observations that L1 and phosphorylated, i.e. activated, protein kinase PKD1 (pPKD1) co-localize in cultured neurons, we investigated the functional relationship between L1 and pPKD1 in the frontal lobe of an AD human cortical tissue microarray, and found increased and positively correlating levels of both molecules when compared to a non-affected human brain. Also in the APPSWE mouse model of AD, L1 and pPKD1 levels were increased in the frontal lobe. To investigate whether L1 influences PKD1-based functions in AD, cultured cortical neurons were stressed with either H2O2 or oligomeric Aβ1-42, in the presence or absence of recombinant L1 extracellular domain, and PKD1 phosphorylation was measured. As indicated by the cell viability assay, L1 maintained neuronal survival under oxidative stress and under application of oligomeric Aβ1-42, when PKD1 activity was inhibited, suggesting that L1 ameliorates some aspects of Aβ1-42 pathology in parallel with reducing PKD1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxi Chen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China; The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, University of South China, No. 69, Chuanshan Road, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Jiang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Peizhi Huang
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengliang Hu
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Huifan Shen
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China; Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| | - Weijiang Zhao
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, People's Republic of China.
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Yuan H, Wang D, Zhang Y, Geng J. Atorvastatin attenuates vascular remodelling in spontaneously hypertensive rats via the protein kinase D/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 pathway. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1429-1438. [PMID: 32259311 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine whether atorvastatin reduces hypertension-induced vascular remodelling and whether its effects involve protein kinase D (PKD) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5). We used 16-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The blood pressure and serum lipid concentration were measured. Changes in the vascular morphology and histology were examined using H&E, Masson' s trichrome, and Sirius Red staining. The media thickness (MT), ratio of MT to lumen diameter (LD) (MT/LD), collagen volume fraction (CVF) and hydroxyproline content were measured to evaluate vascular remodelling. Atorvastatin (50 mg/kg/day) was administered for 8 weeks. Increased blood pressure and vascular remodelling were more prominent in SHRs than in WKY rats. SHRs also had elevated PKD and ERK5 activation. The systolic blood pressure, MT/LD ratio, and hydroxyproline content were positively correlated with the activation level of PKD and ERK5 in SHRs. Atorvastatin significantly attenuated the activation of PKD and ERK5. Overall, this study demonstrated that atorvastatin could reverse vascular remodelling in SHRs. The PKD/ERK5 signalling pathway might be important for elucidating the beneficial pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin on vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Gu H, Cheng X, Xu J, Zhou K, Bian C, Chen G, Yin X. Circular RNA circFAT1(e2) Promotes Osteosarcoma Progression and Metastasis by Sponging miR-181b and Regulating HK2 Expression. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3589871. [PMID: 32733938 PMCID: PMC7378629 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3589871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As a subclass of noncoding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been demonstrated to play a critical role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Recent studies have revealed the pivotal functions of circRNAs in cancer progression. Nevertheless, how circRNAs participate in osteosarcoma (OS) development and progression are not well understood. In the present study, we identified a circRNA circFAT1(e2) with an upregulated expression level in OS tissues. By functional experiments, we found that circFAT1(e2) depletion significantly suppressed the proliferation and reduced migration in OS. In terms of mechanism, we found that circFAT1(e2) inhibited miR-181b, while miR-181b targeted HK2. By releasing the inhibition of miR-181b on HK2 expression, leading to attenuated OS progression. Mechanistic investigations suggested that circFAT1(e2) served as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) of miR-181b to enhance HK2 expression. On the whole, our study indicated that circFAT1(e2) exerted oncogenic roles in OS and suggested the circFAT1(e2)/miR-181b/HK2 axis might be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiangyang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Kaifeng Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Chong Bian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Guangnan Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
| | - Xiaofan Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 170 Xin-Song Road, Shanghai 201199, China
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Kolczynska K, Loza-Valdes A, Hawro I, Sumara G. Diacylglycerol-evoked activation of PKC and PKD isoforms in regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:113. [PMID: 32466765 PMCID: PMC7257441 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01286-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) and Protein kinase D (PKD) isoforms can sense diacylglycerol (DAG) generated in the different cellular compartments in various physiological processes. DAG accumulates in multiple organs of the obese subjects, which leads to the disruption of metabolic homeostasis and the development of diabetes as well as associated diseases. Multiple studies proved that aberrant activation of PKCs and PKDs contributes to the development of metabolic diseases. DAG-sensing PKC and PKD isoforms play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and therefore might serve as targets for the treatment of metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Kolczynska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Angel Loza-Valdes
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Izabela Hawro
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Sumara
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093, Warszawa, Poland.
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Shimizu Y, Sinnett-Smith J, Tenggara M, Martin M, Rozengurt E. Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) Signaling Induces Growth-Promoting Effects in Murine Enteroids. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 10:430-433.e9. [PMID: 32234448 PMCID: PMC7371955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shimizu
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - J. Sinnett-Smith
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - M. Tenggara
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - M.G. Martin
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,VA Greater Los Angeles Health Care System, Los Angeles, California
| | - E. Rozengurt
- Department of Medicine, Los Angeles, California,Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,CURE: Digestive Diseases Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Correspondence Corresponding author:
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44
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Dash R, Arifuzzaman M, Mitra S, Abdul Hannan M, Absar N, Hosen SMZ. Unveiling the Structural Insights into the Selective Inhibition of Protein Kinase D1. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1059-1074. [PMID: 31131745 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190527095510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although protein kinase D1 (PKD1) has been proved to be an efficient target for anticancer drug development, lack of structural details and substrate binding mechanisms are the main obstacles for the development of selective inhibitors with therapeutic benefits. OBJECTIVE The present study described the in silico dynamics behaviors of PKD1 in binding with selective and non-selective inhibitors and revealed the critical binding site residues for the selective kinase inhibition. METHODS Here, the three dimensional model of PKD1 was initially constructed by homology modeling along with binding site characterization to explore the non-conserved residues. Subsequently, two known inhibitors were docked to the catalytic site and the detailed ligand binding mechanisms and post binding dyanmics were investigated by molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy calculations. RESULTS According to the binding site analysis, PKD1 serves several non-conserved residues in the G-loop, hinge and catalytic subunits. Among them, the residues including Leu662, His663, and Asp665 from hinge region made polar interactions with selective PKD1 inhibitor in docking simulation, which were further validated by the molecular dynamics simulation. Both inhibitors strongly influenced the structural dynamics of PKD1 and their computed binding free energies were in accordance with experimental bioactivity data. CONCLUSION The identified non-conserved residues likely to play critical role on molecular reorganization and inhibitor selectivity. Taken together, this study explained the molecular basis of PKD1 specific inhibition, which may help to design new selective inhibitors for better therapies to overcome cancer and PKD1 dysregulated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Dash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh.,Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh.,Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea
| | - Md Arifuzzaman
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan-38541, Korea
| | - Sarmistha Mitra
- Plasma Bioscience Research Center, Plasma-bio display, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Korea
| | - Md Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University Graduate School of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Nurul Absar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Chittagong-4202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Zahid Hosen
- Molecular Modeling and Drug Design Laboratory, Pharmacology Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Chittagong-4220, Bangladesh
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45
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Wang S, Wong LY, Neumann D, Liu Y, Sun A, Antoons G, Strzelecka A, Glatz JF, Nabben M, Luiken JJ. Augmenting Vacuolar H +-ATPase Function Prevents Cardiomyocytes from Lipid-Overload Induced Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041520. [PMID: 32102213 PMCID: PMC7073192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The diabetic heart is characterized by a shift in substrate utilization from glucose to lipids, which may ultimately lead to contractile dysfunction. This substrate shift is facilitated by increased translocation of lipid transporter CD36 (SR-B2) from endosomes to the sarcolemma resulting in increased lipid uptake. We previously showed that endosomal retention of CD36 is dependent on the proper functioning of vacuolar H+-ATPase (v-ATPase). Excess lipids trigger CD36 translocation through inhibition of v-ATPase function. Conversely, in yeast, glucose availability is known to enhance v-ATPase function, allowing us to hypothesize that glucose availability, via v-ATPase, may internalize CD36 and restore contractile function in lipid-overloaded cardiomyocytes. Increased glucose availability was achieved through (a) high glucose (25 mM) addition to the culture medium or (b) adenoviral overexpression of protein kinase-D1 (a kinase mediating GLUT4 translocation). In HL-1 cardiomyocytes, adult rat and human cardiomyocytes cultured under high-lipid conditions, each treatment stimulated v-ATPase re-assembly, endosomal acidification, endosomal CD36 retention and prevented myocellular lipid accumulation. Additionally, these treatments preserved insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake as well as contractile force. The present findings reveal v-ATPase functions as a key regulator of cardiomyocyte substrate preference and as a novel potential treatment approach for the diabetic heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujin Wang
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Li-Yen Wong
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dietbert Neumann
- Departments of Pathology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Yilin Liu
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Aomin Sun
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Gudrun Antoons
- Departments of Physiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Agnieszka Strzelecka
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Jan F.C. Glatz
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center+, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda Nabben
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Joost J.F.P. Luiken
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6200-MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.W.); (L.-Y.W.); (Y.L.); (A.S.); (A.S.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-43 3881209
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46
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Leightner AC, Mello Guimaraes Meyers C, Evans MD, Mansky KC, Gopalakrishnan R, Jensen ED. Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation at Multiple Stages by Protein Kinase D Family Kinases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031056. [PMID: 32033440 PMCID: PMC7036879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced osteoclast and osteoblast activity is necessary for skeletal health, whereas unbalanced osteoclast activity causes bone loss in many skeletal conditions. A better understanding of pathways that regulate osteoclast differentiation and activity is necessary for the development of new therapies to better manage bone resorption. The roles of Protein Kinase D (PKD) family of serine/threonine kinases in osteoclasts have not been well characterized. In this study we use immunofluorescence analysis to reveal that PKD2 and PKD3, the isoforms expressed in osteoclasts, are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm, the mitotic spindle and midbody, and in association with the actin belt. We show that PKD inhibitors CRT0066101 and CID755673 inhibit several distinct aspects of osteoclast formation. Treating bone marrow macrophages with lower doses of the PKD inhibitors had little effect on M-CSF + RANKL-dependent induction into committed osteoclast precursors, but inhibited their motility and subsequent differentiation into multinucleated mature osteoclasts, whereas higher doses of the PKD inhibitors induced apoptosis of the preosteoclasts. Treating post-fusion multinucleated osteoclasts with the inhibitors disrupted the osteoclast actin belts and impaired their resorptive activity. In conclusion, these data implicate PKD kinases as positive regulators of osteoclasts, which are essential for multiple distinct processes throughout their formation and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Leightner
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Carina Mello Guimaraes Meyers
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Michael D. Evans
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kim C. Mansky
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Rajaram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Eric D. Jensen
- Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-612-626-4159
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47
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Merzoug-Larabi M, Youssef I, Bui AT, Legay C, Loiodice S, Lognon S, Babajko S, Ricort JM. Protein Kinase D1 (PKD1) Is a New Functional Non-Genomic Target of Bisphenol A in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1683. [PMID: 32082170 PMCID: PMC7006487 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), one of the most widespread endocrine disruptors present in our environment, has been associated with the recent increased prevalence and severity of several diseases such as diabetes, obesity, autism, reproductive and neurological defects, oral diseases, and cancers such as breast tumors. BPA is suspected to act through genomic and non-genomic pathways. However, its precise molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Our goal was to identify and characterize a new molecular target of BPA in breast cancer cells in order to better understand how this compound may affect breast tumor growth and development. By using in vitro (MCF-7, T47D, Hs578t, and MDA-MB231 cell lines) and in vivo models, we demonstrated that PKD1 is a functional non-genomic target of BPA. PKD1 specifically mediates BPA-induced cell proliferation, clonogenicity, and anchorage-independent growth of breast tumor cells. Additionally, low-doses of BPA (≤10- 8 M) induced the phosphorylation of PKD1, a key signature of its activation state. Moreover, PKD1 overexpression increased the growth of BPA-exposed breast tumor xenografts in vivo in athymic female Swiss nude (Foxn1nu/nu ) mice. These findings further our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of BPA. By defining PKD1 as a functional target of BPA in breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor development, they provide new insights into the pathogenesis related to the exposure to BPA and other endocrine disruptors acting similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Messaouda Merzoug-Larabi
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France.,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Ilige Youssef
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France.,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Ai Thu Bui
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Christine Legay
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France.,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Sophia Loiodice
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Lognon
- École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Sylvie Babajko
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ricort
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, CNRS UMR_8113, Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée, Cachan, France.,École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
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48
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Pemberton JG, Kim YJ, Balla T. Integrated regulation of the phosphatidylinositol cycle and phosphoinositide-driven lipid transport at ER-PM contact sites. Traffic 2019; 21:200-219. [PMID: 31650663 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the structural phospholipids that form the bulk of eukaryotic cell membranes, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is unique in that it also serves as the common precursor for low-abundance regulatory lipids, collectively referred to as polyphosphoinositides (PPIn). The metabolic turnover of PPIn species has received immense attention because of the essential functions of these lipids as universal regulators of membrane biology and their dysregulation in numerous human pathologies. The diverse functions of PPIn lipids occur, in part, by orchestrating the spatial organization and conformational dynamics of peripheral or integral membrane proteins within defined subcellular compartments. The emerging role of stable contact sites between adjacent membranes as specialized platforms for the coordinate control of ion exchange, cytoskeletal dynamics, and lipid transport has also revealed important new roles for PPIn species. In this review, we highlight the importance of membrane contact sites formed between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) for the integrated regulation of PPIn metabolism within the PM. Special emphasis will be placed on non-vesicular lipid transport during control of the PtdIns biosynthetic cycle as well as toward balancing the turnover of the signaling PPIn species that define PM identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua G Pemberton
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yeun Ju Kim
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamas Balla
- Section on Molecular Signal Transduction, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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49
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Bayer KU, Schulman H. CaM Kinase: Still Inspiring at 40. Neuron 2019; 103:380-394. [PMID: 31394063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) was touted as a memory molecule, even before its involvement in long-term potentiation (LTP) was shown. The enzyme has not disappointed, with subsequent demonstrations of remarkable structural and regulatory properties. Its neuronal functions now extend to long-term depression (LTD), and last year saw the first direct evidence for memory storage by CaMKII. Although CaMKII may have taken the spotlight, it is a member of a large family of diverse and interesting CaM kinases. Our aim is to place CaMKII in context of the other CaM kinases and then review certain aspects of this kinase that are of current interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ulrich Bayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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50
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Wang Y, Hoeppner LH, Angom RS, Wang E, Dutta S, Doeppler HR, Wang F, Shen T, Scarisbrick IA, Guha S, Storz P, Bhattacharya R, Mukhopadhyay D. Protein kinase D up-regulates transcription of VEGF receptor-2 in endothelial cells by suppressing nuclear localization of the transcription factor AP2β. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15759-15767. [PMID: 31492751 PMCID: PMC6816101 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF) signals primarily through its cognate receptor VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) to control vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, key physiological processes in cardiovascular disease and cancer. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), knockdown of protein kinase D-1 (PKD1) or PKD2 down-regulates VEGFR-2 expression and inhibits VEGF-induced cell proliferation and migration. However, how PKD regulates VEGF signaling is unclear. Previous bioinformatics analyses have identified binding sites for the transcription factor activating enhancer-binding protein 2 (AP2) in the VEGFR-2 promoter. Using ChIP analyses, here we found that PKD knockdown in HUVECs increases binding of AP2β to the VEGFR-2 promoter. Luciferase reporter assays with serial deletions of AP2-binding sites within the VEGFR-2 promoter revealed that its transcriptional activity negatively correlates with the number of these sites. Next we demonstrated that AP2β up-regulation decreases VEGFR-2 expression and that loss of AP2β enhances VEGFR-2 expression in HUVECs. In vivo experiments confirmed increased VEGFR-2 immunostaining in the spinal cord of AP2β knockout mouse embryos. Mechanistically, we observed that PKD phosphorylates AP2β at Ser258 and Ser277 and suppresses its nuclear accumulation. Inhibition of PKD activity with a pan-PKD inhibitor increased AP2β nuclear localization, and overexpression of both WT and constitutively active PKD1 or PKD2 reduced AP2β nuclear localization through a Ser258- and Ser277-dependent mechanism. Furthermore, substitution of Ser277 in AP2β increased its binding to the VEGFR-2 promoter. Our findings uncover evidence of a molecular pathway that regulates VEGFR-2 expression, insights that may shed light on the etiology of diseases associated with aberrant VEGF/VEGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Luke H Hoeppner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ramcharan Singh Angom
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Enfeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Shamit Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Heike R Doeppler
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650221, China
| | - Isobel A Scarisbrick
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Sushovan Guha
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona 85004
| | - Peter Storz
- Department of Cancer Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
| | - Resham Bhattacharya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Debabrata Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224
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