1
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Herriage HC, Huang YT, Calvi BR. The antagonistic relationship between apoptosis and polyploidy in development and cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:35-43. [PMID: 37331841 PMCID: PMC10724375 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
One of the important functions of regulated cell death is to prevent cells from inappropriately acquiring extra copies of their genome, a state known as polyploidy. Apoptosis is the primary cell death mechanism that prevents polyploidy, and defects in this apoptotic response can result in polyploid cells whose subsequent error-prone chromosome segregation are a major contributor to genome instability and cancer progression. Conversely, some cells actively repress apoptosis to become polyploid as part of normal development or regeneration. Thus, although apoptosis prevents polyploidy, the polyploid state can actively repress apoptosis. In this review, we discuss progress in understanding the antagonistic relationship between apoptosis and polyploidy in development and cancer. Despite recent advances, a key conclusion is that much remains unknown about the mechanisms that link apoptosis to polyploid cell cycles. We suggest that drawing parallels between the regulation of apoptosis in development and cancer could help to fill this knowledge gap and lead to more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter C Herriage
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Huang
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Brian R Calvi
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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2
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Yijiao C, Junhui A, Rong H, Yuliang L, Donghui W, Songrui L, Tongying F. Single-cell mRNA sequencing of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) seminoma reveals the cellular and molecular characteristics of tumour cells. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1348. [PMID: 38227708 PMCID: PMC10790506 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Testicular tumours are zoonoses that can occur in not only human, but other animals, include giant pandas. A middle-aged male giant panda named Fufu was diagnosed with a testicular tumour and underwent surgery to remove the entire left testis. The testis was mainly composed of three substantive parts: normal tissue on the outside, tumour tissue in the middle, and necrosis in the centre. HE stains revealed that the tumour was a seminoma. Single-cell mRNA sequence was applied to characterise cellular states and molecular circuitries of giant panda testicular seminoma. Only germ cell markers expressed in nearly all tumour cells, and the tumour cells appeared to be the same subtype of seminoma cells. We identified four clusters with unique genes expression. They were early apoptosis cells (EAC), inactive cells (IC), active cells subcluster 1 (AC-1) and active cells subcluster 2 (AC-2). We utilised monocle tools and found that IC cells was in the initiation stage, and EAC was one type of terminal stage, suggesting that tumour cells may undergo apoptosis in the future. AC-2 was another type of terminal stage, representing a group of progressive cells. Our study represents the first report to utilise scRNA-seq to characterise the cellular states and molecular circuitries of a giant panda testicular tumour. This investigation proposes CD117 and CD30 as dependable markers for future pathologic diagnosis. Our findings also suggest that CTSV and other genes with unique expression patterns in active and progressive giant panda seminoma cells may act as early prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yijiao
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
| | - An Junhui
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda ChengduChengduChina
| | - Hou Rong
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda ChengduChengduChina
| | - Liu Yuliang
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda ChengduChengduChina
| | - Wang Donghui
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda ChengduChengduChina
| | - Liu Songrui
- Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduChina
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
- Sichuan Academy of Giant Panda ChengduChengduChina
| | - Feng Tongying
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of Conservation Biology for Endangered WildlifeChengduChina
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3
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Bigot T, Gabinaud E, Hannouche L, Sbarra V, Andersen E, Bastelica D, Falaise C, Bernot D, Ibrahim-Kosta M, Morange PE, Loosveld M, Saultier P, Payet-Bornet D, Alessi MC, Potier D, Poggi M. Single-cell analysis of megakaryopoiesis in peripheral CD34 + cells: insights into ETV6-related thrombocytopenia. J Thromb Haemost 2023; 21:2528-2544. [PMID: 37085035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtha.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germline mutations in the ETV6 transcription factor gene are responsible for familial thrombocytopenia and leukemia predisposition syndrome. Although previous studies have shown that ETV6 plays an important role in megakaryocyte (MK) maturation and platelet formation, the mechanisms by which ETV6 dysfunction promotes thrombocytopenia remain unclear. OBJECTIVES To decipher the transcriptional mechanisms and gene regulatory network linking ETV6 germline mutations and thrombocytopenia. METHODS Presuming that ETV6 mutations result in selective effects at a particular cell stage, we applied single-cell RNA sequencing to understand gene expression changes during megakaryopoiesis in peripheral CD34+ cells from healthy controls and patients with ETV6-related thrombocytopenia. RESULTS Analysis of gene expression and regulon activity revealed distinct clusters partitioned into 7 major cell stages: hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, common-myeloid progenitors (CMPs), MK-primed CMPs, granulocyte-monocyte progenitors, MK-erythroid progenitors (MEPs), progenitor MKs/mature MKs, and platelet-like particles. We observed a differentiation trajectory in which MEPs developed directly from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and bypassed the CMP stage. ETV6 deficiency led to the development of aberrant cells as early as the MEP stage, which intensified at the progenitor MK/mature MK stage, with a highly deregulated core "ribosome biogenesis" pathway. Indeed, increased translation levels have been documented in patient CD34+-derived MKs with overexpression of ribosomal protein S6 and phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 in both CD34+-derived MKs and platelets. Treatment of patient MKs with the ribosomal biogenesis inhibitor CX-5461 resulted in an increase in platelet-like particles. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel insight into both megakaryopoiesis and the link among ETV6, translation, and platelet production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Bigot
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | - Elisa Gabinaud
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Elisa Andersen
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Denis Bernot
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Marie Loosveld
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Paul Saultier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marie-Christine Alessi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Marseille, France; AP-HM, CHU Timone, CRPP, Marseille, France
| | | | - Marjorie Poggi
- Aix-Marseille Univ, INSERM, INRAe, C2VN, Marseille, France.
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4
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Su CH, Liao WJ, Ke WC, Yang RB, Tarn WY. The Y14-p53 regulatory circuit in megakaryocyte differentiation and thrombocytopenia. iScience 2021; 24:103368. [PMID: 34816104 PMCID: PMC8593568 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome is caused by RBM8A insufficiency. We generated megakaryocyte-specific Rbm8a knockout (Rbm8aKOMK) mice that exhibited marked thrombocytopenia, internal hemorrhage, and splenomegaly, providing evidence that genetic deficiency of Rbm8a causes a disorder of platelet production. Rbm8aKOMK mice accumulated low-ploidy immature megakaryocytes in the bone marrow and exhibited defective platelet activation and aggregation. Accordingly, depletion of Y14 (RBM8A) in human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells compromised phorbol-ester-induced polyploidization. Notably, Y14/RBM8A deficiency induced both p53 and p21 in megakaryocytes and HEL cells. Treatment with a p53 inhibitor restored ex vivo differentiation of Rbm8aKOMK megakaryocytes and unexpectedly activated Y14 expression in HEL cells. Trp53 knockout partially restored megakaryocyte differentiation by reversing cell-cycle arrest and increased platelet counts of Rbm8aKOMK, indicating that excess p53 in part accounts for thrombocytopenia in TAR syndrome. This study provides evidence for the role of the Y14-p53 circuit in platelet production and a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hao Su
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Ke
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Woan-Yuh Tarn
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Corresponding author
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5
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Dang J, Tiwari SK, Agrawal K, Hui H, Qin Y, Rana TM. Glial cell diversity and methamphetamine-induced neuroinflammation in human cerebral organoids. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1194-1207. [PMID: 32051547 PMCID: PMC7423603 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0676-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a potent stimulant that induces a euphoric state but also causes cognitive impairment, neurotoxicity and neurodevelopmental deficits. Yet, the molecular mechanisms by which METH causes neurodevelopmental defects have remained elusive. Here we utilized human cerebral organoids and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study the effects of prenatal METH exposure on fetal brain development. We analyzed 20,758 cells from eight untreated and six METH-treated cerebral organoids and found that the organoids developed from embryonic stem cells contained a diverse array of glial and neuronal cell types. We further identified transcriptionally distinct populations of astrocytes and oligodendrocytes within cerebral organoids. Treatment of organoids with METH-induced marked changes in transcription in multiple cell types, including astrocytes and neural progenitor cells. METH also elicited novel astrocyte-specific gene expression networks regulating responses to cytokines, and inflammasome. Moreover, upregulation of immediate early genes, complement factors, apoptosis, and immune response genes suggests a neuroinflammatory program induced by METH regulating neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Finally, we observed marked METH-induced changes in neuroinflammatory and cytokine gene expression at the RNA and protein levels. Our data suggest that human cerebral organoids represent a model system to study drug-induced neuroinflammation at single-cell resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Dang
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Shashi Kant Tiwari
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Kriti Agrawal
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Hui Hui
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Yue Qin
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA ,grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Biology, Bioinformatics Program, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Tariq M. Rana
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC 0762, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
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6
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Huang T, Jiang C, Yang M, Xiao H, Huang X, Wu L, Yao M. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium inhibits the innate immune response and promotes apoptosis in a ribosomal/TRP53-dependent manner in swine neutrophils. Vet Res 2020; 51:105. [PMID: 32854785 PMCID: PMC7450969 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the first barriers for resisting the invasion, proliferation, and damage caused by Salmonella Typhimurium. However, the mechanisms that control this resistance are not completely understood. In this study, we established an in vitro Salmonella infection model in porcine neutrophils, and analyzed the cellular transcriptome by deep sequencing and flow cytometry. The results showed that ribosomal gene transcription was inhibited, and two of these genes, RPL39 and RPL9, were related to TRP53 activation. Furthermore, several important innate immunity genes were also inhibited. Knock-down of RPL39 and RPL9 by siRNA caused an approximate fourfold up-regulation of TRP53. Knock-down of RPL39 and RPL9 also resulted in a significant down-regulation of IFNG and TNF, indicating an inhibition of the innate immune response. Silencing of RPL39 and RPL9 also resulted in the up-regulation of FAS, RB1, CASP6, and GADD45A, which play roles in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Neutrophils were either first treated with RPL39 siRNA, RPL9 siRNA, TRP53 activator, or TRP53 inhibitor, and then infected with Salmonella. Knock-down of RPL39 and RPL9, or treatment with TRP53 activator, can increase the intracellular proliferation of Salmonella in neutrophils. We speculate that much of the Salmonella virulence can be attributed to the enhancement of cell cycle arrest and the inhibition of the innate immune response, which allows the bacteria to successfully proliferate intracellularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Caiyun Jiang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xiali Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Lingbo Wu
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, 434025, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
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7
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Takaishi K, Takeuchi M, Tsukamoto S, Takayama N, Oshima M, Kimura K, Isshiki Y, Kayamori K, Hino Y, Oshima-Hasegawa N, Mitsukawa S, Takeda Y, Mimura N, Ohwada C, Iseki T, Nakamura S, Eto K, Iwama A, Yokote K, Nakaseko C, Sakaida E. Suppressive effects of anagrelide on cell cycle progression and the maturation of megakaryocyte progenitor cell lines in human induced pluripotent stem cells. Haematologica 2019; 105:e216-e220. [PMID: 31488559 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.214841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Takaishi
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | | | | | - Naoya Takayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | - Motohiko Oshima
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Kenji Kimura
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Yusuke Isshiki
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | | | - Yutaro Hino
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | | | - Shio Mitsukawa
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Yusuke Takeda
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Naoya Mimura
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Chikako Ohwada
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Tohru Iseki
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba.,Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
| | - Sou Nakamura
- Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Koji Eto
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba.,Department of Clinical Application, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto
| | - Atsushi Iwama
- Division of Stem Cell and Molecular Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba
| | | | - Emiko Sakaida
- Department of Hematology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba
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8
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Stasik S, Middeke JM, Kramer M, Röllig C, Krämer A, Scholl S, Hochhaus A, Crysandt M, Brümmendorf TH, Naumann R, Steffen B, Kunzmann V, Einsele H, Schaich M, Burchert A, Neubauer A, Schäfer-Eckart K, Schliemann C, Krause S, Herbst R, Hänel M, Frickhofen N, Noppeney R, Kaiser U, Baldus CD, Kaufmann M, Rácil Z, Platzbecker U, Berdel WE, Mayer J, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C, Ehninger G, Bornhäuser M, Schetelig J, Thiede C. EZH2 mutations and impact on clinical outcome: an analysis in 1,604 patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2019; 105:e228-e231. [PMID: 31413097 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.222323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Stasik
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan M Middeke
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Kramer
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christoph Röllig
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alwin Krämer
- Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Medizinische Klinik V, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Scholl
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Jena, Germany
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Jena, Germany
| | - Martina Crysandt
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostasiologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Hämostasiologie und Stammzelltransplantation, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralph Naumann
- St. Marien-Krankenhaus Siegen, Medizinische Klinik III, Siegen, Germany
| | - Björn Steffen
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Volker Kunzmann
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Schaich
- Rems-Murr-Klinikum Winnenden, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Winnenden, Germany
| | - Andreas Burchert
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Neubauer
- Philipps Universität Marburg, Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie, Immunologie, Marburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Krause
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Medizinische Klinik V, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Herbst
- Klinikum Chemnitz, Medizinische Klinik III, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Mathias Hänel
- Klinikum Chemnitz, Medizinische Klinik III, Chemnitz, Germany
| | | | - Richard Noppeney
- Universitätsklinikum Essen, Klinik für Hämatologie, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kaiser
- St. Bernward Krankenhaus, Medizinische Klinik II, Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Claudia D Baldus
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Hämatologie und Onkologie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Robert-Bosch-Krankenhaus, Abteilung für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Palliativmedizin, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Zdenek Rácil
- Masaryk University and University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Hämatologie und Zelltherapie, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Medizinische Klinik A, Münster, Germany
| | - Jiri Mayer
- Masaryk University and University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Hubert Serve
- Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Medizinische Klinik II, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Schetelig
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany.,DKMS Clinical Trials Unit, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Dresden, Germany
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9
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Asnafi AA, Mohammadi MB, Rezaeeyan H, Davari N, Saki N. Prognostic significance of mutated genes in megakaryocytic disorders. Oncol Rev 2019; 13:408. [PMID: 31410247 PMCID: PMC6661530 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2019.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryopoiesis is a process during which platelets that play a major role in hemostasis are produced due to differentiation and maturation of megakaryocytic precursors. Several genes, including oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, play a role in the regulation of this process. This study was conducted to investigate the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes as well as their mutations during the megakaryopoiesis process, which can lead to megakaryocytic disorders. Relevant literature was identified by a PubMed search (1998-2019) of English language papers using the terms ‘Megakaryopoiesis’, ‘Mutation’, ‘oncogenes’, and ‘Tumor Suppressor’. According to investigations, several mutations occur in the genes implicated in megakaryopoiesis, which abnormally induce or inhibit megakaryocyte production, differentiation, and maturation, leading to platelet disorders. GATA-1 is one of the important genes in megakaryopoiesis and its mutations can be considered among the factors involved in the incidence of these disorders. Considering the essential role of these genes (such as GATA- 1) in megakaryopoiesis and the involvement of their mutations in platelet disorders, study and examination of these changes can be a positive step in the diagnosis and prognosis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Amin Asnafi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Mohammadi
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nader Davari
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Najmaldin Saki
- Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Research Institute of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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10
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Megakaryocytes in Bone Metastasis: Protection or Progression? Cells 2019; 8:cells8020134. [PMID: 30744029 PMCID: PMC6406759 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is the primary site where some cancers develop secondary growth, particularly those derived from breast and prostate tissue. The spread of metastasis to distant sites relies on complex mechanisms by which only cells endowed with certain characteristics are able to reach secondary growth sites. Platelets play a pivotal role in tumour growth, by conferring resistance to shear stress to the circulating tumour cells and protection against natural killer cell attack. Mature polyploid megakaryocytes (MKs) reside in close proximity to the vascular sinusoids of bone marrow, where their primary function is to produce platelets. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that MKs are essential for skeletal homeostasis, due to the expression and production of the bone-related proteins osteocalcin, osteonectin, bone morphogenetic protein, osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and osteoprotegerin. Debate surrounds the role that MKs play in the development of bone metastasis, which is the topic of this mini-review.
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11
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Huang T, Huang X, Shi B, Wang F, Feng W, Yao M. Regulators of Salmonella-host interaction identified by peripheral blood transcriptome profiling: roles of TGFB1 and TRP53 in intracellular Salmonella replication in pigs. Vet Res 2018; 49:121. [PMID: 30541630 PMCID: PMC6292071 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood transcriptome is an important intermediate data source for investigating the mechanism of Salmonella invasion, proliferation, and transmission. We challenged 4-week old piglets with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2 and investigated the peripheral blood gene expression profile before treatment (d0) and at 2 and 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) using deep sequencing. Regulator pathways were first predicted in silico and validated by wet-lab experiments. In total, 1255, 765, and 853 genes were differentially expressed between 2 dpi/d0, 7 dpi/d0, and 7 dpi/2 dpi, respectively. Additionally, 1333 genes showed a time effect during the investigated Salmonella infection period. Clustering analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes fell into six distinct expression clusters. Pathway annotation of these gene clusters showed that the innate immune system was first significantly upregulated at 2 dpi and then attenuated at 7 dpi. Toll-like receptor cascades, MyD88 cascade, phagosome pathway, cytokine signaling pathway, and lysosome pathway showed a similar expression pattern. Interestingly, we found that the ribosome pathway was significantly inhibited at 2 and 7 dpi. Gene expression regulation network enrichment analysis identified several candidate factors controlling the expression clusters. Further in vitro study showed that TGFB1 can inhibit Salmonella replication whereas TRP53 can promote Salmonella replication in porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells and murine macrophages. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of Salmonella-host interactions and clues for the genetic improvement of Salmonella infection resistance in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiali Huang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Bomei Shi
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Wenzhao Feng
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Min Yao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434025, Hubei, China.
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12
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Luff SA, Kao CY, Papoutsakis ET. Role of p53 and transcription-independent p53-induced apoptosis in shear-stimulated megakaryocytic maturation, particle generation, and platelet biogenesis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203991. [PMID: 30231080 PMCID: PMC6145578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (Mks) derive from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow and develop into large, polyploid cells that eventually give rise to platelets. As Mks mature, they migrate from the bone marrow niche into the vasculature, where they are exposed to shear forces from blood flow, releasing Mk particles (platelet-like particles (PLPs), pro/preplatelets (PPTs), and Mk microparticles (MkMPs)) into circulation. We have previously shown that transcription factor p53 is important in Mk maturation, and that physiological levels of shear promote Mk particle generation and platelet biogenesis. Here we examine the role of p53 in the Mk shear-stress response. We show that p53 is acetylated in response to shear in both immature and mature Mks, and that decreased expression of deacetylase HDAC1, and increased expression of the acetyltransferases p300 and PCAF might be responsible for these changes. We also examined the hypothesis that p53 might be involved in the shear-induced Caspase 3 activation, phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization, and increased biogenesis of PLPs, PPTs, and MkMPs. We show that p53 is involved in all these shear-induced processes. We show that in response to shear, acetyl-p53 binds Bax, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria, and Caspase 9 is activated. We also show that shear-stimulated Caspase 9 activation and Mk particle biogenesis depend on transcription-independent p53-induced apoptosis (TIPA), but PS externalization is not. This is the first report to show that shear flow stimulates TIPA and that Caspase 9 activation and Mk-particle biogenesis are directly modulated by TIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Luff
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Chen-Yuan Kao
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
| | - Eleftherios T. Papoutsakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States of America
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13
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MiR-16-5p targets SESN1 to regulate the p53 signaling pathway, affecting myoblast proliferation and apoptosis, and is involved in myoblast differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:367. [PMID: 29511169 PMCID: PMC5840423 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0403-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation of myoblasts are essential processes in skeletal muscle development. During this developmental process, microRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles. In our previous RNA-seq study (accession number GSE62971), we found that miR-16-5p was differentially expressed between fast and slow growth in chicken. In this study, we report that miR-16-5p could inhibit myoblast proliferation, promote myoblast apoptosis, and repress myoblast differentiation by directly binding to the 3′ UTR of SESN1, which is also differentially expressed. Overexpression of SESN1 significantly promoted the proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and induced differentiation of myoblasts. Conversely, its loss of function hampered myoblast proliferation, facilitated myoblast apoptosis, and inhibited myoblast differentiation. Interestingly, we found SESN1 could regulate p53 by a feedback mechanism, thereby participating in the regulation of p53 signaling pathway, which suggests that this feedback is indispensable for myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Altogether, these data demonstrated that miR-16-5p directly targets SESN1 to regulate the p53 signaling pathway, and therefore affecting myoblast proliferation and apoptosis. Additionally, SESN1 targets myogenic genes to control myoblast differentiation.
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14
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Mahfoudhi E, Lordier L, Marty C, Pan J, Roy A, Roy L, Rameau P, Abbes S, Debili N, Raslova H, Chang Y, Debussche L, Vainchenker W, Plo I. P53 activation inhibits all types of hematopoietic progenitors and all stages of megakaryopoiesis. Oncotarget 2017; 7:31980-92. [PMID: 26959882 PMCID: PMC5077990 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 also known as p53 is a tumor suppressor gene mutated in a variety of cancers. P53 is involved in cell cycle, apoptosis and DNA repair mechanisms and is thus tightly controlled by many regulators. Recently, strategies to treat cancer have focused on the development of MDM2 antagonists to induce p53 stabilization and restore cell death in p53 non-mutated cancers. However, some of these molecules display adverse effects in patients including induction of thrombocytopenia. In the present study, we have explored the effect of SAR405838 not only on human megakaryopoiesis but also more generally on hematopoiesis. We compared its effect to MI-219 and Nutlin, which are less potent MDM2 antagonists than SAR405838. We found that all these compounds induce a deleterious effect on all types of hematopoietic progenitors, as well as on erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation. Moreover, they inhibit both early and late stages of megakaryopoiesis including ploidization and proplatelet formation. In conclusion, MDM2 antagonists induced a major hematopoietic defect in vitro as well as an inhibition of all stages of megakaryopoiesis that may account for in vivo thrombocytopenia observed in treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Mahfoudhi
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Belvédère, Tunisie
| | - Larissa Lordier
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Caroline Marty
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jiajia Pan
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Anita Roy
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Lydia Roy
- Départment of Clinical Hematology, Hôpital Henri-Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - Salem Abbes
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, Belvédère, Tunisie
| | - Najet Debili
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Hana Raslova
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Yunhua Chang
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - William Vainchenker
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France
| | - Isabelle Plo
- INSERM, UMR 1170, Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France.,UMR 1170, Université Paris-Saclay, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Villejuif, France
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15
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Malherbe JAJ, Fuller KA, Mirzai B, Kavanagh S, So CC, Ip HW, Guo BB, Forsyth C, Howman R, Erber WN. Dysregulation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway mediates megakaryocytic hyperplasia in myeloproliferative neoplasms. J Clin Pathol 2016; 69:jclinpath-2016-203625. [PMID: 27060176 PMCID: PMC5136711 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-203625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Megakaryocyte expansion in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is due to uncontrolled proliferation accompanied by dysregulation of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Here we have investigated the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways of megakaryocytes in human MPNs to further define the mechanisms involved. METHODS The megakaryocytic expression of proapoptotic caspase-8, caspase-9, Diablo, p53 and antiapoptotic survivin proteins was investigated in bone marrow specimens of the MPNs (n=145) and controls (n=15) using immunohistochemistry. The megakaryocyte percentage positivity was assessed by light microscopy and correlated with the MPN entity, JAK2V617F/CALR mutation status and platelet count. RESULTS The proportion of megakaryocytes in the MPNs expressing caspase-8, caspase-9, Diablo, survivin and p53 was significantly greater than controls. A greater proportion of myeloproliferative megakaryocytes expressed survivin relative to its reciprocal inhibitor, Diablo. Differences were seen between myelofibrosis, polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia for caspase-9 and p53. CALR-mutated cases had greater megakaryocyte p53 positivity compared to those with the JAK2V617F mutation. Proapoptotic caspase-9 expression showed a positive correlation with platelet count, which was most marked in myelofibrosis and CALR-mutated cases. CONCLUSIONS Disruptions targeting the intrinsic apoptotic cascade promote megakaryocyte hyperplasia and thrombocytosis in the MPNs. There is progressive dysfunction of apoptosis as evidenced by the marked reduction in proapoptotic caspase-9 and accumulation of p53 in myelofibrosis. The dysfunction of caspase-9, which is necessary for proplatelet formation, may be the mechanism for the excess thrombocytosis associated with CALR mutations. Survivin seems to be the key protein mediating the megakaryocyte survival signature in the MPNs and is a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques A J Malherbe
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kathryn A Fuller
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Bob Mirzai
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simon Kavanagh
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Chi-Chiu So
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ho-Wan Ip
- Department of Pathology & Clinical Biochemistry, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Belinda B Guo
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cecily Forsyth
- Jarrett Street Specialist Centre, North Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rebecca Howman
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy N Erber
- Schoolof Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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16
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Luff SA, Papoutsakis ET. Megakaryocytic Maturation in Response to Shear Flow Is Mediated by the Activator Protein 1 (AP-1) Transcription Factor via Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) Mechanotransduction. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:7831-43. [PMID: 26814129 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.707174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocytes (MKs) are exposed to shear flow as they migrate from the bone marrow hematopoietic compartment into circulation to release pro/preplatelets into circulating blood. Shear forces promote DNA synthesis, polyploidization, and maturation in MKs, and platelet biogenesis. To investigate mechanisms underlying these MK responses to shear, we carried out transcriptional analysis on immature and mature stem cell-derived MKs exposed to physiological shear. In immature (day (d)9) MKs, shear exposure up-regulated genes related to growth and MK maturation, whereas in mature (d12) MKs, it up-regulated genes involved in apoptosis and intracellular transport. Following shear-flow exposure, six activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcripts (ATF4,JUNB,JUN,FOSB,FOS, andJUND) were up-regulated at d9 and two AP-1 proteins (JunD and c-Fos) were up-regulated both at d9 and d12. We show that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling is linked to both the shear stress response and AP-1 up-regulation. c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation increased significantly following shear stimulation, whereas JNK inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD expression. Although p38 phosphorylation did not increase following shear flow, its inhibition reduced shear-induced JunD and c-Fos expression. JNK inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding and P-selectin expression of d12 platelet-like particles (PLPs), whereas p38 inhibition reduced fibrinogen binding of d12 PLPs. AP-1 expression correlated with increased MK DNA synthesis and polyploidization, which might explain the observed impact of shear on MKs. To summarize, we show that MK exposure to shear forces results in JNK activation, AP-1 up-regulation, and downstream transcriptional changes that promote maturation of immature MKs and platelet biogenesis in mature MKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Luff
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and
| | - Eleftherios T Papoutsakis
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware Biotechnology Institute, and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711
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17
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Wampfler J, Federzoni EA, Torbett BE, Fey MF, Tschan MP. The RNA binding proteins RBM38 and DND1 are repressed in AML and have a novel function in APL differentiation. Leuk Res 2015; 41:96-102. [PMID: 26740055 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The RNA binding proteins RBM binding motif protein 38 (RBM38) and DEAD END 1 (DND1) selectively stabilize mRNAs by attenuating RNAse activity or protecting them from micro(mi)RNA-mediated cleavage. Furthermore, both proteins can efficiently stabilize the mRNA of the cell cycle inhibitor p21(CIP1). Since acute myeloid leukemia (AML) differentiation requires cell cycle arrest and RBM38 as well as DND1 have antiproliferative functions, we hypothesized that decreased RBM38 and DND1 expression may contribute to the differentiation block seen in this disease. We first quantified RBM38 and DND1 mRNA expression in clinical AML patient samples and CD34(+) progenitor cells and mature granulocytes from healthy donors. We found significantly lower RBM38 and DND1 mRNA levels in AML blasts and CD34(+) progenitor cells as compared to mature neutrophils from healthy donors. Furthermore, the lowest expression of both RBM38 and DND1 mRNA correlated with t(8;21). In addition, neutrophil differentiation of CD34(+) cells in vitro with G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor) resulted in a significant increase of RBM38 and DND1 mRNA levels. Similarly, neutrophil differentiation of NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells was associated with a significant induction of RBM38 and DND1 expression. To address the function of RBM38 and DND1 in neutrophil differentiation, we generated two independent NB4RBM38 as well as DND1 knockdown cell lines. Inhibition of both RBM38 and DND1 mRNA significantly attenuated NB4 differentiation and resulted in decreased p21(CIP1) mRNA expression. Our results clearly indicate that expression of the RNA binding proteins RBM38 and DND1 is repressed in primary AML patients, that neutrophil differentiation is dependent on increased expression of both proteins, and that these proteins have a critical role in regulating p21(CIP1) expression during APL differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Wampfler
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Elena A Federzoni
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Bruce E Torbett
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States.
| | - Martin F Fey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Mario P Tschan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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18
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Saadi H, Seillier M, Carrier A. The stress protein TP53INP1 plays a tumor suppressive role by regulating metabolic homeostasis. Biochimie 2015. [PMID: 26225460 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the recent years, we have provided evidence that Tumor Protein 53-Induced Nuclear Protein 1 (TP53INP1) is a key stress protein with antioxidant-associated tumor suppressive function. The TP53INP1 gene, which is highly conserved in mammals, is over-expressed during stress responses including inflammation. This gene encodes two protein isoforms with nuclear or cytoplasmic subcellular localization depending on the context. TP53INP1 contributes to stress responses, thus preventing stress-induced dysfunctions leading to pathologies such as cancer. Two major mechanisms by which TP53INP1 functions have been unveiled. First, in the nucleus, TP53INP1 was shown to regulate the transcriptional activity of p53 and p73 by direct interaction, and to mediate the antioxidant activity of p53. Second, independently of p53, TP53INP1 contributes to autophagy and more particularly mitophagy through direct interaction with molecular actors of autophagy. TP53INP1 is thus required for the homeostasis of the mitochondrial compartment, and is therefore involved in the regulation of energetic metabolism. Finally, the antioxidant function of TP53INP1 stems from the control of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production. In conclusion, TP53INP1 is a multifaceted protein endowed with multiple functions, including metabolic regulation, as is its main functional partner p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houda Saadi
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France; CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, F-13009, France
| | - Marion Seillier
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France; CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, F-13009, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- Inserm, U1068, CRCM, Marseille, F-13009, France; Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, F-13009, France; Aix-Marseille Université, UM 105, Marseille, F-13284, France; CNRS, UMR7258, CRCM, Marseille, F-13009, France.
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19
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Myosin-II repression favors pre/proplatelets but shear activation generates platelets and fails in macrothrombocytopenia. Blood 2014; 125:525-33. [PMID: 25395423 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-05-576462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte ploidy and the generation of pre/proplatelets are both increased in culture by pharmacologic inhibition of myosin-II, but nonmuscle myosin-IIA (MIIA) mutations paradoxically cause MYH9-related diseases (MYH9-RD) that adversely affect platelets. In marrow, megakaryocytes extend projections into the microcirculation, where shear facilitates fragmentation to large pre/proplatelets, suggesting that fluid stresses and myosin-II activity somehow couple in platelet biogenesis. Here, in bulk shear, plateletlike particles generated from megakaryocytes are maximized at a shear stress typical of that in the microcirculation and after treatment with a myosin-II inhibitor. MIIA activity in static cells is naturally repressed through phosphorylation at Serine-1943, but shear decreases phosphorylation, consistent with MIIA activation and localization to platelet cortex. Micropipette aspiration of cells shows myosin-II accumulates at stressed sites, but its inhibition prevents such mechanoactivation and facilitates generation of CD41(+) fragments similar in size to pre/proplatelets. MYH9-RD mutants phenocopy inhibition, revealing a dominant negative effect. MIIA is diffuse in the large platelets of a MYH9-RD patient with macrothrombocytopenia and is also diffuse in normal pre/proplatelets treated with inhibitor that blocks in vitro division to small platelets. The findings explain the large platelets in MYH9-RD and the near-normal thrombocrit of patients. Myosin-II regulation thus controls platelet size and number.
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20
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BMS-777607 promotes megakaryocytic differentiation and induces polyploidization in the CHRF-288-11 cells. Hum Cell 2014; 28:65-72. [PMID: 25304900 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-014-0102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction of a polyploidy inducer is a promising strategy to achieve a high level of polyploidization during megakaryocytic (MK) differentiation. Here, we report that a multi-kinase inhibitor, BMS-777607, is a potent polyploidy inducer for elevating high ploidy cell formation in the MK-differentiated CHRF-288-11 (CHRF) cells. Our result showed that BMS-777607 strongly inhibited cell division without affecting cell viability when detected at day 1 after treatment. As a consequence, the high ploidy (≥8N) cells were accumulated in culture for 8 days, with an increase from 16.2 to 75.2 % of the total cell population. The elevated polyploidization was accompanied by the increased expression level of MK marker, CD41 (platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa, GPIIb/IIIa), suggesting that BMS-777607 promoted both polyploidization and commitment of MK-differentiated CHRF cells. Platelet-like fragments (PFs) were released by mature CHRF cells. Based on a flow cytometry assay, it was found that the PFs produced from BMS-777607-treated cells tended to have larger size and higher expression of GPIIb/IIIa, a receptor for platelet adhesion. Taken together, these results suggested that BMS-777607 promoted MK differentiation of CHRF cells and increased the functional property of platelet-like fragments.
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21
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Lindsey S, Jiang J, Woulfe D, Papoutsakis E. Platelets from mice lacking the aryl hydrocarbon receptor exhibit defective collagen-dependent signaling. J Thromb Haemost 2014; 12:383-94. [PMID: 24410994 PMCID: PMC4008149 DOI: 10.1111/jth.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) as a novel regulator of megakaryocytic differentiation and polyploidization and reported that AHR-null mice have approximately 15% fewer platelets than do wild-type mice, yet they exhibit a dramatic, unexplained bleeding phenotype. OBJECTIVES The current work tests our hypothesis that AHR-null platelets are functionally deficient, contributing to the previously reported (yet unexplained) bleeding phenotype present in AHR-null mice. METHODS AHR-null bone marrow was ex vivo differentiated with thrombopoietin with or without AHR ligands or AHR inhibitors and analyzed for degree of megakaryopoiesis and polyploidization. Platelet function of AHR-null mice was assessed with aggregation and spreading assays. Platelet signaling was examined using Western analysis and Rac activity assays. RESULTS AHR ligands differentiate murine bone marrow-derived progenitors into polyploid megakaryocytes in the absence of thrombopoietin, and AHR inhibitors block thrombopoietin-induced megakaryocytic differentiation. Despite their responsiveness toward thrombin, AHR-null platelets demonstrate decreased aggregation and spreading in response to collagen compared with wild-type platelets. AHR-null platelets bind fibrinogen after stimulation with thrombin or AYPGKF and aggregate in response to AYPGKF and adenosine diphosphate. Mechanistically, AHR absence led to down-regulation of Vav1 and Vav3, altered phospholipase Cγ2 phosphorylation, decreased Rac1 activation, and reduced platelet activation in response to collagen. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with a role for AHR in platelet function, especially as it relates to platelet aggregation and spreading in response to collagen. Our work suggests AHR is a critical component of the physiologic response that platelets undergo in response to collagen and may provide novel treatment options for patients with bleeding disorders.
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Inhibition of ERN1 modifies the hypoxic regulation of the expression of TP53-related genes in U87 glioma cells. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/ersc-2014-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nuclei 1), the major signalling pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress, significantly decreases tumor growth. We have studied the expression of tumor protein 53 (TP53)- related genes such as TOPORS (topoisomerase I binding, arginine/serine-rich, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), TP53BP1 (TP53 binding protein 1), TP53BP2, SESN1 (sestrin 1), NME6 (non-metastatic cells 6), and ZMAT3 (zinc finger, Matrin-type 3) in glioma cells expressing dominantnegative ERN1 under baseline and hypoxic conditions. We demonstrated that inhibition of ERN1 function in U87 glioma cells resulted in increased expression of RYBP, TP53BP2, and SESN1 genes, but decreased expression of TP53BP1, TOPORS, NME6, and ZMAT3 genes. Moreover, inhibition of ERN1 affected hypoxia-mediated changes in expression of TP53-related genes and their magnitude. Indeed, hypoxia has no effect on expression of TP53BP1 and SESN1 in control cells, while resulted in increased expression of these genes in cells with inhibited ERN1 function. Magnitude of hypoxia-mediated changes in expression levels of RYBP and TP53BP2 was gene specific and more robust in the case of TP53BP2. Hypoxiamediated decrease in expression levels of TOPORS was more prominent if ERN1 was inhibited. Present study demonstrates that fine-tuning of the expression of TP53- associated genes depends upon endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling under normal and hypoxic conditions. Inhibition of ERN1 branch of endoplasmic reticulum stress response correlates with deregulation of p53 signaling and slower tumor growth.
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Activation of p53 by the MDM2 inhibitor RG7112 impairs thrombopoiesis. Exp Hematol 2013; 42:137-45.e5. [PMID: 24309210 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is thought to play a role in megakaryocyte (MK) development. To assess the influence of the p53 regulatory pathway further, we studied the effect of RG7112, a small molecule MDM2 antagonist that activates p53 by preventing its interaction with MDM2, on normal megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production. This drug has been previously been evaluated in clinical trials of cancer patients where thrombocytopenia was one of the major dose-limiting toxicities. In this study, we demonstrated that administration of RG7112 in vivo in rats and monkeys results in thrombocytopenia. In addition, we identified two distinct mechanisms by which RG7112-mediated activation of p53 affected human megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet production in vitro. RG7112 promoted apoptosis of MK progenitor cells, resulting in a reduction of their numbers and RG7112 affected mature MK by blocking DNA synthesis during endomitosis and impairing platelet production. Together, the disruption of these events provides an explanation for RG7112-induced thrombocytopenia and insight into the role of the p53-MDM2 auto-regulatory loop in normal megakaryocytopoiesis.
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Pharmacological inhibition of Polo Like Kinase 2 (PLK2) does not cause chromosomal damage or result in the formation of micronuclei. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 269:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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