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Zhao P, Higashijima Y, Sonoda H, Morinaga R, Uema K, Oguchi A, Matsuzaki T, Ikeda M. Glucocorticoid-induced acute diuresis in rats in relation to the reduced renal expression of sodium-dependent cotransporter genes. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 156:115-124. [PMID: 39179330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Although several studies have shown that glucocorticoids exert diuretic effects in animals and humans, the underlying mechanism responsible for the acute diuretic effect remains obscure. Here we examined the mechanism in terms of gene-expression. We observed that glucocorticoids, including dexamethasone (Dex) and prednisolone (PSL), acutely induced diuresis in rats in a dose-dependent manner. Free water clearance values were negative after Dex or PSL treatment, similar to those observed after treatment with osmotic diuretics (furosemide and acetazolamide). Dex significantly increased the urinary excretion of sodium, potassium, chloride, glucose, and inorganic phosphorus. Renal microarray analysis revealed that Dex significantly altered the renal expression of genes related to transmembrane transport activity. The mRNA levels of sodium/phosphate (NaPi-2a/Slc34a1, NaPi-2b/Slc34a2, and NaPi-2c/Slc34a3) and sodium/glucose cotransporters (Sglt2/Slc5a2) were significantly reduced in the Dex-treated kidney, being negatively correlated with the urinary excretion of their corresponding solutes. Dex did not affect renal expression of the natriuretic peptide receptor 1 (Npr1) gene, or the expression, localization, and phosphorylation of aquaporin-2 (AQP2), a water channel protein. These findings suggest that the acute diuretic effects of glucocorticoids might be mediated by reduced expression of sodium-dependent cotransporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyan Zhao
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Higashijima
- Institute for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sonoda
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Rio Morinaga
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Keito Uema
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Akane Oguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Matsuzaki
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ikeda
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
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2
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Yan R, Chen H, Liu C, Zhao J, Wu D, Jiang J, Gong J, Jiang D. Human XPR1 structures reveal phosphate export mechanism. Nature 2024; 633:960-967. [PMID: 39169184 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07852-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is a fundamental macronutrient for all living organisms, the homeostasis of which is critical for numerous biological activities1-3. As the only known human Pi exporter to date, XPR1 has an indispensable role in cellular Pi homeostasis4,5. Dysfunction of XPR1 is associated with neurodegenerative disease6-8. However, the mechanisms underpinning XPR1-mediated Pi efflux and regulation by the intracellular inositol polyphosphate (InsPP) sensor SPX domain remain poorly understood. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of human XPR1 in Pi-bound closed, open and InsP6-bound forms, revealing the structural basis for XPR1 gating and regulation by InsPPs. XPR1 consists of an N-terminal SPX domain, a dimer-formation core domain and a Pi transport domain. Within the transport domain, three basic clusters are responsible for Pi binding and transport, and a conserved W573 acts as a molecular switch for gating. In addition, the SPX domain binds to InsP6 and facilitates Pi efflux by liberating the C-terminal loop that limits Pi entry. This study provides a conceptual framework for the mechanistic understanding of Pi homeostasis by XPR1 homologues in fungi, plants and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yan
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiwen Chen
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanyu Liu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang, Weifang, China
| | - Di Wu
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juquan Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Xiangfang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jianke Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daohua Jiang
- Laboratory of Soft Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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3
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Katsuma Y, Matsui I, Matsumoto A, Okushima H, Imai A, Sakaguchi Y, Yamamoto T, Mizui M, Uchinomiya S, Kato H, Ojida A, Takashima S, Inoue K, Isaka Y. Endogenous activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α in proximal tubule cells in counteracting phosphate toxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 327:F208-F223. [PMID: 38870264 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00046.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased dietary phosphate consumption intensifies renal phosphate burden. Several mechanisms for phosphate-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis have been reported. Considering the dual nature of phosphate as both a potential renal toxin and an essential nutrient for the body, kidneys may possess inherent protective mechanisms against phosphate overload, rather than succumbing solely to injury. However, there is limited understanding of such mechanisms. To identify these mechanisms, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis of the kidneys of control and dietary phosphate-loaded (Phos) mice at a time point when the Phos group had not yet developed tubulointerstitial fibrosis. scRNA-seq analysis identified the highest number of differentially expressed genes in the clusters belonging to proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). Based on these differentially expressed genes, in silico analyses suggested that the Phos group activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) in the PTECs. This activation was further substantiated through various experiments, including the use of an FAO activity visualization probe. Compared with wild-type mice, Ppara knockout mice exhibited exacerbated tubulointerstitial fibrosis in response to phosphate overload. Experiments conducted with cultured PTECs demonstrated that activation of the PPAR-α/FAO pathway leads to improved cellular viability under high-phosphate conditions. The Phos group mice showed a decreased serum concentration of free fatty acids, which are endogenous PPAR-α agonists. Instead, experiments using cultured PTECs revealed that phosphate directly activates the PPAR-α/FAO pathway. These findings indicate that noncanonical metabolic reprogramming via endogenous activation of the PPAR-α/FAO pathway in PTECs is essential to counteract phosphate toxicity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study revealed the activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α and fatty acid β-oxidation in proximal tubular epithelial cells as an endogenous mechanism to protect the kidney from phosphate toxicity. These findings highlight noncanonical metabolic reprogramming as a potential target for suppressing phosphate toxicity in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Katsuma
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Isao Matsui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Matsumoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Okushima
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Imai
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakaguchi
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizui
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shohei Uchinomiya
- Medical Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akio Ojida
- Medical Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Seiji Takashima
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Inoue
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Isaka
- Department of Nephrology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Musah S, Bhattacharya R, Himmelfarb J. Kidney Disease Modeling with Organoids and Organs-on-Chips. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2024; 26:383-414. [PMID: 38424088 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-072623-044010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Kidney disease is a global health crisis affecting more than 850 million people worldwide. In the United States, annual Medicare expenditures for kidney disease and organ failure exceed $81 billion. Efforts to develop targeted therapeutics are limited by a poor understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying human kidney disease onset and progression. Additionally, 90% of drug candidates fail in human clinical trials, often due to toxicity and efficacy not accurately predicted in animal models. The advent of ex vivo kidney models, such as those engineered from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and organ-on-a-chip (organ-chip) systems, has garnered considerable interest owing to their ability to more accurately model tissue development and patient-specific responses and drug toxicity. This review describes recent advances in developing kidney organoids and organ-chips by harnessing iPS cell biology to model human-specific kidney functions and disease states. We also discuss challenges that must be overcome to realize the potential of organoids and organ-chips as dynamic and functional conduits of the human kidney. Achieving these technological advances could revolutionize personalized medicine applications and therapeutic discovery for kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Musah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program and Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rohan Bhattacharya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA;
- Center for Biomolecular and Tissue Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan Himmelfarb
- Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Institute, and Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA;
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5
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Stem AD, Brindley S, Rogers KL, Salih A, Roncal-Jimenez CA, Johnson RJ, Newman LS, Butler-Dawson J, Krisher L, Brown JM. Exposome and Metabolome Analysis of Sugarcane Workers Reveals Predictors of Kidney Injury. Kidney Int Rep 2024; 9:1458-1472. [PMID: 38707825 PMCID: PMC11069010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2024.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sugarcane workers are exposed to potentially hazardous agrochemicals, including pesticides, heavy metals, and silica. Such occupational exposures present health risks and have been implicated in a high rate of kidney disease seen in these workers. Methods To investigate potential biomarkers and mechanisms that could explain chronic kidney disease (CKD) among this worker population, paired urine samples were collected from sugarcane cutters at the beginning and end of a harvest season in Guatemala. Workers were then separated into 2 groups, namely those with or without kidney function decline (KFD) across the harvest season. Urine samples from these 2 groups underwent elemental analysis and untargeted metabolomics. Results Urine profiles demonstrated increases in silicon, certain pesticides, and phosphorus levels in all workers, whereas heavy metals remained low. The KFD group had a reduction in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) across the harvest season; however, kidney injury marker 1 did not significantly change. Cross-harvest metabolomic analysis found trends of fatty acid accumulation, perturbed amino acid metabolism, presence of pesticides, and other known signs of impaired kidney function. Conclusion Silica and certain pesticides were significantly elevated in the urine of sugarcane workers with or without KFD. Future work should determine whether long-term occupational exposure to silica and pesticides across multiple seasons contributes to CKD in these workers. Overall, these results confirmed that multiple exposures are occurring in sugarcane workers and may provide insight into early warning signs of kidney injury and may help explain the increased incidence of CKD among agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur D Stem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Stephen Brindley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keegan L Rogers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Adil Salih
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Carlos A Roncal-Jimenez
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lee S Newman
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jaime Butler-Dawson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Lyndsay Krisher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jared M Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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6
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Walker V. The Intricacies of Renal Phosphate Reabsorption-An Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4684. [PMID: 38731904 PMCID: PMC11083860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
To maintain an optimal body content of phosphorus throughout postnatal life, variable phosphate absorption from food must be finely matched with urinary excretion. This amazing feat is accomplished through synchronised phosphate transport by myriads of ciliated cells lining the renal proximal tubules. These respond in real time to changes in phosphate and composition of the renal filtrate and to hormonal instructions. How they do this has stimulated decades of research. New analytical techniques, coupled with incredible advances in computer technology, have opened new avenues for investigation at a sub-cellular level. There has been a surge of research into different aspects of the process. These have verified long-held beliefs and are also dramatically extending our vision of the intense, integrated, intracellular activity which mediates phosphate absorption. Already, some have indicated new approaches for pharmacological intervention to regulate phosphate in common conditions, including chronic renal failure and osteoporosis, as well as rare inherited biochemical disorders. It is a rapidly evolving field. The aim here is to provide an overview of our current knowledge, to show where it is leading, and where there are uncertainties. Hopefully, this will raise questions and stimulate new ideas for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton S016 6YD, UK
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7
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Lee JP, Darlington K, Henson JB, Kothari D, Niedzwiecki D, Farooq A, Liddle RA. Hypophosphatemia as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Acute Pancreatitis: A Retrospective Study. Pancreas 2024; 53:e3-e8. [PMID: 37968112 PMCID: PMC10841211 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000002265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Phosphate is crucial for cellular repair after injury and may be important in recovery following acute pancreatitis (AP). This study aimed to evaluate the association between hypophosphatemia and severity of AP. METHODS Patients admitted with AP between 2014-2018 were identified and their records were retrospectively reviewed. Pancreatitis severity was defined using the modified Atlanta Criteria. Hypophosphatemia was defined as phosphate <2 mg/dL and was assessed at three time points: within one day, within two days, at any time during admission. The proportion of patients who developed severe AP was compared between patients with and without hypophosphatemia. RESULTS Of 312 patients, 30.1% (n = 94) developed severe AP. Hypophosphatemia occurred in 25.0% overall, within one day in 19.7%, and within two days in 20.0%. A higher proportion of patients with hypophosphatemia developed severe AP (overall: 47.4% vs. 24.4%, P < 0.001; one day: 47.4% vs. 23.9%, P = 0.004; two days: 42.9% vs. 24.5%, P = 0.01). Patients with hypophosphatemia within one day were also more likely to have ICU admission ( P < 0.001) and longer length of stay ( P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Early hypophosphatemia during an admission for AP was associated with increased AP severity, ICU admission, and longer length of stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua P. Lee
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - Kimberly Darlington
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill
| | - Jacqueline B. Henson
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - Darshan Kothari
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - Donna Niedzwiecki
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Ahmad Farooq
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
| | - Rodger A. Liddle
- From the Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham
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8
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Sun H, Xu X, Luo J, Ma T, Cui J, Liu M, Xiong B, Zhu S, Liu JY. Mechanisms of PiT2-loop7 Missense Mutations Induced Pi Dyshomeostasis. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:57-68. [PMID: 35713844 PMCID: PMC9849530 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
PiT2 is an inorganic phosphate (Pi) transporter whose mutations are linked to primary familial brain calcification (PFBC). PiT2 mainly consists of two ProDom (PD) domains and a large intracellular loop region (loop7). The PD domains are crucial for the Pi transport, but the role of PiT2-loop7 remains unclear. In PFBC patients, mutations in PiT2-loop7 are mainly nonsense or frameshift mutations that probably cause PFBC due to C-PD1131 deletion. To date, six missense mutations have been identified in PiT2-loop7; however, the mechanisms by which these mutations cause PFBC are poorly understood. Here, we found that the p.T390A and p.S434W mutations in PiT2-loop7 decreased the Pi transport activity and cell surface levels of PiT2. Furthermore, we showed that these two mutations attenuated its membrane localization by affecting adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)- or protein kinase B (AKT)-mediated PiT2 phosphorylation. In contrast, the p.S121C and p.S601W mutations in the PD domains did not affect PiT2 phosphorylation but rather impaired its substrate-binding abilities. These results suggested that missense mutations in PiT2-loop7 can cause Pi dyshomeostasis by affecting the phosphorylation-regulated cell-surface localization of PiT2. This study helps understand the pathogenesis of PFBC caused by PiT2-loop7 missense mutations and indicates that increasing the phosphorylation levels of PiT2-loop7 could be a promising strategy for developing PFBC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xuan Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Junyu Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tingbin Ma
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mugen Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, HUST, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Shujia Zhu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Jing-Yu Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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9
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Richter B, Kapanadze T, Weingärtner N, Walter S, Vogt I, Grund A, Schmitz J, Bräsen JH, Limbourg FP, Haffner D, Leifheit-Nestler M. High phosphate-induced progressive proximal tubular injury is associated with the activation of Stat3/Kim-1 signaling pathway and macrophage recruitment. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22407. [PMID: 35713543 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200167rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dietary phosphate intake in the Western population greatly exceeds the recommended dietary allowance and is linked to enhanced cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. It is unclear whether a chronic high phosphate diet (HPD) causes kidney injury in healthy individuals. Here, we show that feeding a 2% HPD in C57BL/6N mice for one up to six months resulted in hyperphosphatemia, hyperphosphaturia, increased plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) compared to mice on a 0.8% phosphate diet. Kidney injury was already noted after two months of HPD characterized by loss of proximal tubular (PT) cell polarity, flattened epithelia, disruption of brush border membranes, vacuolization, increased PT cell proliferation, marked interstitial mononuclear infiltration, and progressive accumulation of collagen fibers. HPD increased Stat3 activation and Kim-1 expression in PT epithelial cells and enhanced renal synthesis of chemokines recruiting monocytes and macrophages as well as macrophage related factors. Enhanced recruitment of F4/80+ macrophages around injured PT lesions was timely associated with increased Kim-1 synthesis, tubular MCP-1 expression, and degree of PT injury score. Likewise, tubulointerstitial fibrosis was associated with activation of Stat3/Kim-1 signaling pathway. The stimulation of human proximal tubular cells with high phosphate activated Stat3 signaling and induced HAVCR1 and CCL2 expression. We conclude that high phosphate results in progressive proximal tubular injury, indicating that high dietary phosphate intake may affect kidney health and therefore represents an underestimated health problem for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Richter
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tamar Kapanadze
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nina Weingärtner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefanie Walter
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Vogt
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andrea Grund
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Schmitz
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Hinrich Bräsen
- Institute of Pathology, Nephropathology Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Florian P Limbourg
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Vascular Medicine Research, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dieter Haffner
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maren Leifheit-Nestler
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Pediatric Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Takase N, Inden M, Murayama Y, Mishima A, Kurita H, Hozumi I. PDGF-BB is involved in phosphate regulation via the phosphate transporters in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 593:93-100. [PMID: 35063775 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is the second most abundant inorganic ion in the body. Since abnormalities in Pi metabolism are risk factors for various diseases, serum Pi levels are strictly controlled. Type-III sodium-dependent Pi transporters, PiT-1 (encoded by SLC20A1) and PiT-2 (encoded by SLC20A2), are distributed throughout the tissues of the body, including the central nervous system, and are known to be responsible for extracellular to intracellular Pi transport. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is a major growth factor of mesenchymal cells. PDGF-BB, a homodimer of PDGF-B, regulates intracellular Pi by increasing PiT-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. However, the effects of PDGF-BB on Pi transporters in neurons have yet to be reported. Here, we investigated the effect of PDGF-BB on Pi transporters in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. PDGF-BB did not induce SLC20A1 mRNA expression, but it increased the intracellular uptake of Pi via PiT-1 in SH-SY5Y cells. Among the signaling pathways associated with PDGF-BB, AKT signaling was shown to be involved in the increase in Pi transport. In addition, the PDGF-BB-induced increase in Pi mediated neuroprotective effects in SLC20A2-suppressed cells, in an in vitro model of the pathological condition found in idiopathic basal ganglia calcification. Moreover, the increase in Pi uptake was found to occur through promotion of intracellular PiT-1 translocation to the plasma membrane. Overall, these results indicate that PDGF-BB exerts neuroprotective effects via Pi transport, and they demonstrate the potential utility of PDGF-BB against abnormal Pi metabolism in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoko Takase
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Inden
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
| | - Yuto Murayama
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Ayane Mishima
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Hisaka Kurita
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan
| | - Isao Hozumi
- Laboratory of Medical Therapeutics and Molecular Therapeutics, Department Biomedical Pharmaceutics, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi Gifu city, Gifu, 501-1196, Japan.
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11
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Lu A, Pu M, Mo S, Su J, Hu J, Li C, Wang W, Yang T. (Pro)renin Receptor Regulates Phosphate Homeostasis in Rats via Releasing Fibroblast Growth Factor-23. Front Physiol 2022; 13:784521. [PMID: 35222071 PMCID: PMC8874195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.784521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphate (Pi) is one of the basic necessities required for sustenance of life and its metabolism largely relies on excretory function of the kidney, a process chiefly under the endocrine control of bone-derived fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). However, knowledge gap exists in understanding the regulatory loop responsible for eliciting phophaturic response to Pi treatment. Here, we reported a novel role of (pro)renin receptor (PRR) in mediating phosphaturic response to Pi treatment via upregulation of FGF23 production. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated for 5 days via osmotic pump-driven infusion of a PRR antagonist PRO20 or vehicle, and then treated with high Pi (HP) solution as drinking fluid for the last 24 h. PRO20 reduced HP-induced Pi excretion by 42%, accompanied by blunted upregulation of circulating FGF23 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) and downregulation of renal Na/Pi-IIa expression. In cultured osteoblast cells, exposure to HP induced a 1.56-fold increase in FGF23 expression, which was blunted by PRO20 or siRNA against PRR. Together, these results suggest that activation of PRR promotes phosphaturic response through stimulation of FGF23 production and subsequent downregulation of renal Na/Pi-IIa expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihua Lu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Pu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Mo
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahui Su
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunling Li
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Institute of Hypertension, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxin Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
- *Correspondence: Tianxin Yang,
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12
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Characteristics and therapeutic potential of sodium-dependent phosphate cotransporters in relation to idiopathic basal ganglia calcification. J Pharmacol Sci 2021; 148:152-155. [PMID: 34924120 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-III sodium-dependent phosphate transporters 1 and 2 (PiT 1 and PiT 2, respectively) are proteins encoded by SLC20A1 and SLC20A2, respectively. The ubiquitous distribution of SLC20A1 and SLC20A2 mRNAs in mammalian tissues supports the housekeeping maintenance and homeostasis of intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi), which is absorbed from interstitial fluid for normal cellular functions. SLC20A2 variants have been found in patients with idiopathic basal ganglia calcification (IBGC), also known as Fahr's disease or primary familial brain calcification (PFBC). Thus, disrupted Pi homeostasis is considered one of the major factors in the pathogenic mechanism of IBGC. In this paper, among the causative genes of IBGC, we focused specifically on PiT2, and its potential for a therapeutic target of IBGC.
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13
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Daude S, Quinaux T, Collet-Fenêtrier B, Silve C, Okamba P, Tubail Z, Savenkoff B. [A complex case of renal phosphate wasting…]. Nephrol Ther 2021; 17:466-472. [PMID: 33994136 DOI: 10.1016/j.nephro.2020.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We describe here the case report of a young man of 34-years old suffering from a haemorrhagic rectocolitis and presenting with marked hypophosphatemia secondary to an infusion of ferric-carboxymaltose. The renal phosphate wasting was asserted by a very low renal maximal reabsorption rate of phosphate associated with a high plasma FGF-23 level. Three months later we explored the patient and his father since we learnt that both of them had suffered from kidney stones for years with marked hypercalciuria. Kidney stones were composed of weddellite and carbapatite. We suspected a familial phosphate renal wasting syndrome but however no mutation of the renal phosphate carriers could be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Daude
- Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie, CHRU de Nancy, 1, rue du Morvan, 54500 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Thomas Quinaux
- Service de néphrologie, dialyse et aphérèse thérapeutique, hôpital de Mercy CS45001, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1, allée du Château, 57085 Metz cedex 03, France
| | - Benjamin Collet-Fenêtrier
- Service d'hépato-gastro-entérologie, hôpital de Mercy CS45001, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1, allée du Château, 57085 Metz cedex 03, France
| | - Caroline Silve
- Laboratoire de biochimie et génétique moléculaire, hôpital Cochin, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Patricia Okamba
- Laboratoire de biochimie et d'immunologie, CHR de Metz Thionville, Hôpital de Mercy CS45001, 1, allée du Château, 57085 Metz cedex 03, France
| | - Zead Tubail
- Service de néphrologie, dialyse et aphérèse thérapeutique, hôpital de Mercy CS45001, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1, allée du Château, 57085 Metz cedex 03, France
| | - Benjamin Savenkoff
- Service de néphrologie, dialyse et aphérèse thérapeutique, hôpital de Mercy CS45001, CHR de Metz-Thionville, 1, allée du Château, 57085 Metz cedex 03, France.
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14
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Tsuchiya K, Akihisa T. The Importance of Phosphate Control in Chronic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051670. [PMID: 34069053 PMCID: PMC8156430 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of problems including osteopathy, abnormal serum data, and vascular calcification associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are now collectively called CKD-mineral bone disease (CKD-MBD). The pathophysiology of CKD-MBD is becoming clear with the emerging of αKlotho, originally identified as a progeria-causing protein, and bone-derived phosphaturic fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) as associated factors. Meanwhile, compared with calcium and parathyroid hormone, which have long been linked with CKD-MBD, phosphate is now attracting more attention because of its association with complications and outcomes. Incidentally, as the pivotal roles of FGF23 and αKlotho in phosphate metabolism have been unveiled, how phosphate metabolism and hyperphosphatemia are involved in CKD-MBD and how they can be clinically treated have become of great interest. Thus, the aim of this review is reconsider CKD-MBD from the viewpoint of phosphorus, its involvement in the pathophysiology, causing complications, therapeutic approach based on the clinical evidence, and clarifying the importance of phosphorus management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Tsuchiya
- Department of Blood Purification, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Taro Akihisa
- Department of Nephrology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
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15
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Bird RP, Eskin NAM. The emerging role of phosphorus in human health. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2021; 96:27-88. [PMID: 34112356 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2021.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus, an essential nutrient, performs vital functions in skeletal and non-skeletal tissues and is pivotal for energy production. The last two decades of research on the physiological importance of phosphorus have provided several novel insights about its dynamic nature as a nutrient performing functions as a phosphate ion. Phosphorous also acts as a signaling molecule and induces complex physiological responses. It is recognized that phosphorus homeostasis is critical for health. The intake of phosphorus by the general population world-wide is almost double the amount required to maintain health. This increase is attributed to the incorporation of phosphate containing food additives in processed foods purchased by consumers. Research findings assessed the impact of excessive phosphorus intake on cells' and organs' responses, and highlighted the potential pathogenic consequences. Research also identified a new class of bioactive phosphates composed of polymers of phosphate molecules varying in chain length. These polymers are involved in metabolic responses including hemostasis, brain and bone health, via complex mechanism(s) with positive or negative health effects, depending on their chain length. It is amazing, that phosphorus, a simple element, is capable of exerting multiple and powerful effects. The role of phosphorus and its polymers in the renal and cardiovascular system as well as on brain health appear to be important and promising future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjana P Bird
- School of Health Sciences, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC, Canada.
| | - N A Michael Eskin
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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16
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Yamada S, Kobashi T, Tagaya M. Control of the hydration layer states on phosphorus-containing mesoporous silica films and their reactivity evaluation with biological fluids. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1896-1907. [PMID: 33533361 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Transparent phosphorus-containing MPS (PMPS) films were synthesized by the introduction and reaction of phosphoric acid into the silica framework during the sol-gel reaction. We then investigated the hydration layer structures formed on the PMPS films and achieved the selective adsorption of fibronectin (Fn). In particular, the surface analyses indicated that the P atom was distributed at the outermost surfaces of the PMPS films. The PMPS films exhibited a high transparency (e.g., averaged transmittance value in the visible light region: 79%), and the haze value (0.14%) decreased with the increasing P/Si molar concentration. Solid-state 29Si-NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra indicated the formation of Si-O-P bonds, suggesting that the condensation reaction between the Si-O- and P-O- groups effectively occurs in the silica framework. The larger amount of P-O- and P[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups at the Si-O-P bonding site on the films affects the water molecular adsorption states (i.e., formation of the hydration layer), which was supported by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas of N2 and water vapor, leading to enhancement of the hydrogen bondability of the PMPS films with the increased formation of Si-O-P bonds. The deconvolution results of the FT-IR spectra demonstrated that the ratio of free water to bonding water increased significantly with an increase in the formation of Si-O-P bonding, and the resulting O-H stretching vibration in the hydration layer became more asymmetric. It is suggested that the water molecules are irregularly hydrogen-bonded with the different functional groups of Si-O-, P-O- and P[double bond, length as m-dash]O. In the immersion experiment of the PMPS films in phosphate buffer, the resultant P/Si molar concentration of the PMPS film decreased upon increasing the immersion time and the mesostructures were preserved. The amount of Fn adsorption significantly increased as the O-H stretching vibration of the water molecules became more asymmetric, whereas the adsorption of fibrinogen was completely suppressed by the films. Therefore, we found that the addition of phosphoric acid in the MPS film synthesis significantly affects the hydration layer structures on the film surfaces to provide the possibility of selective protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Yamada
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan. and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Koji-machi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Takaki Kobashi
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Motohiro Tagaya
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Nagaoka University of Technology, Kamitomioka 1603-1, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan.
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17
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Dobenecker B, Reese S, Herbst S. Effects of dietary phosphates from organic and inorganic sources on parameters of phosphorus homeostasis in healthy adult dogs. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246950. [PMID: 33606750 PMCID: PMC7894875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of dietary phosphorus (P) excess, especially on renal and cardiovascular health, has been investigated in several species, but little is known in dogs. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine effects of different P sources on concentration and postprandial kinetics of selected parameters of P homeostasis in dogs. METHODS Eight beagles received one control diet (P 0.5% dry matter [DM]) and three high P diets (poultry meal, NaH2PO4, and KH2PO4; P 1.7% DM) for 18d. Urine samples were collected pre- and postprandially while faeces were collected quantitatively for 5d and analysed for minerals. On day 18, blood was sampled 1h pre- and 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 5 and 7h postprandially. RESULTS Pi (KH2PO4, NaH2PO4) but not organic P caused an increased apparent P digestibility and significantly influenced kinetics of serum FGF23, parathyroid hormone, P, CrossLaps and bonespecific alkaline phosphatase, demonstrating a disrupted calcium (Ca) and P homeostasis with potential harm for renal, cardiovascular and skeletal health. CONCLUSIONS Results of feeding Pi to dogs indicate distinct disturbances of Ca and P metabolism, in contrast to organic sources. The use of Pi in food can therefore not be considered as safe. Further research, especially on dose and long-term effects, is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Dobenecker
- Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Animal Science, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sven Reese
- Chair of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Animal Science, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Sarah Herbst
- Chair of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, Department of Animal Science, Ludwig-Maximilians- Universität, Munich, Germany
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18
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Rendina D, De Filippo G, Iannuzzo G, Abate V, Strazzullo P, Falchetti A. Idiopathic Osteoporosis and Nephrolithiasis: Two Sides of the Same Coin? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218183. [PMID: 33142950 PMCID: PMC7662860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic osteoporosis and nephrolithiasis are formidable health problems showing a progressive increase in their incidence and prevalence in the last decades. These temporal trends were observed in both pediatric and adult populations worldwide. Epidemiological and experimental studies indicate that both disorders show several common pathogenic environmental and genetic factors. In this review, we analyzed the clinical characteristics common to the two disorders and the state-of-the-art knowledge regarding the genetic predisposition and the environmental factors recognized as triggers in adult and pediatric ages. As a result of this work, we propose to consider idiopathic nephrolithiasis and osteoporosis as two possible expressions of a unique clinical syndrome. Accordingly, the clinical approach to both disorders should be modified in order to program an efficient primary and secondary prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Gianpaolo De Filippo
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service d’Endocrinologie et Diabétologie Pédiatrique, 75019 Paris, France;
- French Clinical Research Group in Adolescent Medicine and Health, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Iannuzzo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Pasquale Strazzullo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (D.R.); (G.I.); (V.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Unit of Bone and Mineral Metabolic Diseases, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, San Giuseppe Hospital, Piancavallo, 28824 Verbania, Italy
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Unit for Bone Metabolism Diseases and Diabetes & Lab of Endocrine and Metabolic Research, 20145 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-33-1689-2204
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19
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Park HJ, Fan Z, Bai Y, Ren Q, Rbaibi Y, Long KR, Gliozzi ML, Rittenhouse N, Locker JD, Poholek AC, Weisz OA. Transcriptional Programs Driving Shear Stress-Induced Differentiation of Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells in Culture. Front Physiol 2020; 11:587358. [PMID: 33192601 PMCID: PMC7662153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.587358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cultured cell models are an essential complement to dissecting kidney proximal tubule (PT) function in health and disease but do not fully recapitulate key features of this nephron segment. We recently determined that culture of opossum kidney (OK) cells under continuous orbital shear stress (OSS) significantly augments their morphological and functional resemblance to PTs in vivo. Here we used RNASeq to identify temporal transcriptional changes upon cell culture under static or shear stress conditions. Comparison of gene expression in cells cultured under static or OSS conditions with a database of rat nephron segment gene expression confirms that OK cells cultured under OSS are more similar to the PT in vivo compared with cells maintained under static conditions. Both improved oxygenation and mechanosensitive stimuli contribute to the enhanced differentiation in these cells, and we identified temporal changes in gene expression of known mechanosensitive targets. We observed changes in mRNA and protein levels of membrane trafficking components that may contribute to the enhanced endocytic capacity of cells cultured under OSS. Our data reveal pathways that may be critical for PT differentiation in vivo and validate the utility of this improved cell culture model as a tool to study PT function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Park
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zhenjiang Fan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Qidong Ren
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Youssef Rbaibi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kimberly R Long
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Megan L Gliozzi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Natalie Rittenhouse
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joseph D Locker
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Amanda C Poholek
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ora A Weisz
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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20
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Serna J, Bergwitz C. Importance of Dietary Phosphorus for Bone Metabolism and Healthy Aging. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3001. [PMID: 33007883 PMCID: PMC7599912 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) plays a critical function in many tissues of the body: for example, as part of the hydroxyapatite in the skeleton and as a substrate for ATP synthesis. Pi is the main source of dietary phosphorus. Reduced bioavailability of Pi or excessive losses in the urine causes rickets and osteomalacia. While critical for health in normal amounts, dietary phosphorus is plentiful in the Western diet and is often added to foods as a preservative. This abundance of phosphorus may reduce longevity due to metabolic changes and tissue calcifications. In this review, we examine how dietary phosphorus is absorbed in the gut, current knowledge about Pi sensing, and endocrine regulation of Pi levels. Moreover, we also examine the roles of Pi in different tissues, the consequences of low and high dietary phosphorus in these tissues, and the implications for healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Serna
- Yale College, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;
| | - Clemens Bergwitz
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
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21
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Ranjit S, Lanzanò L, Libby AE, Gratton E, Levi M. Advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques to study kidney function. Nat Rev Nephrol 2020; 17:128-144. [PMID: 32948857 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-020-00337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy, in particular immunofluorescence microscopy, has been used extensively for the assessment of kidney function and pathology for both research and diagnostic purposes. The development of confocal microscopy in the 1950s enabled imaging of live cells and intravital imaging of the kidney; however, confocal microscopy is limited by its maximal spatial resolution and depth. More recent advances in fluorescence microscopy techniques have enabled increasingly detailed assessment of kidney structure and provided extraordinary insights into kidney function. For example, nanoscale precise imaging by rapid beam oscillation (nSPIRO) is a super-resolution microscopy technique that was originally developed for functional imaging of kidney microvilli and enables detection of dynamic physiological events in the kidney. A variety of techniques such as fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) enable assessment of interaction between proteins. The emergence of other super-resolution techniques, including super-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED), photoactivated localization microscopy (PALM), stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) and structured illumination microscopy (SIM), has enabled functional imaging of cellular and subcellular organelles at ≤50 nm resolution. The deep imaging via emission recovery (DIVER) detector allows deep, label-free and high-sensitivity imaging of second harmonics, enabling assessment of processes such as fibrosis, whereas fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) enables assessment of metabolic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Ranjit
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA. .,Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Luca Lanzanò
- Nanoscopy and NIC@IIT, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "Ettore Majorana", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrew E Libby
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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22
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De Paolis E, Scaglione GL, De Bonis M, Minucci A, Capoluongo E. CYP24A1 and SLC34A1 genetic defects associated with idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia: from genotype to phenotype. Clin Chem Lab Med 2020; 57:1650-1667. [PMID: 31188746 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2018-1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Loss of function mutations in the CYP24A1 gene, involved in vitamin D catabolism and in calcium homeostasis, are known to be the genetic drivers of both idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia (IIH) and adult renal stone disease. Recently, also defects in the SLC34A1 gene, encoding for the renal sodium-phosphate transporter NaPi-IIa, were associated with the disease. IIH typically affects infants and pediatric patients with a syndrome characterized by severe hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, suppressed parathyroid hormone level and nephrolithiasis. In SLC34A1 mutated carriers, hypophosphatemia is also a typical biochemical tract. IIH may also persist undiagnosed into adulthood, causing an increased risk of nephrocalcinosis and renal complication. To note, a clinical heterogeneity characterizes IIH manifestation, principally due to the controversial gene-dose effect and, to the strong influence of environmental factors. The present review is aimed to provide an overview of the current molecular findings on the IIH disorder, giving a comprehensive description of the association between genotype and biochemical and clinical phenotype of the affected patients. We also underline that patients may benefit from genetic testing into a targeted diagnostic and therapeutic workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Paolis
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Scaglione
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, "Fondazione Giovanni Paolo II", Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Maria De Bonis
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Minucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Capoluongo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Genomics, Teaching and Research Hospital "Fondazione Policlinico Agostino Gemelli" - IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Agoro R, Ni P, Noonan ML, White KE. Osteocytic FGF23 and Its Kidney Function. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:592. [PMID: 32982979 PMCID: PMC7485387 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteocytes, which represent up to 95% of adult skeletal cells, are deeply embedded in bone. These cells exhibit important interactive abilities with other bone cells such as osteoblasts and osteoclasts to control skeletal formation and resorption. Beyond this local role, osteocytes can also influence the function of distant organs due to the presence of their sophisticated lacunocanalicular system, which connects osteocyte dendrites directly to the vasculature. Through these networks, osteocytes sense changes in circulating metabolites and respond by producing endocrine factors to control homeostasis. One critical function of osteocytes is to respond to increased blood phosphate and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D (1,25D) by producing fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23). FGF23 acts on the kidneys through partner fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) and the co-receptor Klotho to promote phosphaturia via a downregulation of phosphate transporters, as well as the control of vitamin D metabolizing enzymes to reduce blood 1,25D. In the first part of this review, we will explore the signals involved in the positive and negative regulation of FGF23 in osteocytes. In the second portion, we will bridge bone responses with the review of current knowledge on FGF23 endocrine functions in the kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiou Agoro
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Pu Ni
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Megan L. Noonan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kenneth E. White
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Medicine/Division of Nephrology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Saki F, Kassaee SR, Salehifar A, Omrani GHR. Interaction between serum FGF-23 and PTH in renal phosphate excretion, a case-control study in hypoparathyroid patients. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:176. [PMID: 32398014 PMCID: PMC7218502 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01826-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND phosphate homeostasis is mediated through complex counter regulatory feed-back balance between parathyroid hormone, FGF-23 and 1,25(OH)2D. Both parathyroid hormone and FGF-23 regulate proximal tubular phosphate excretion through signaling on sodium- phosphate cotransporters IIa and IIc. However, the interaction between these hormones on phosphate excretion is not clearly understood. We performed the present study to evaluate whether the existence of sufficient parathyroid hormone is necessary for full phosphaturic function of FGF-23 or not. METHODS In this case-control study, 19 patients with hypoparathyroidism and their age- and gender-matched normal population were enrolled. Serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase,parathyroid hormone, FGF-23, 25(OH)D, 1,25(OH)2D and Fractional excretion of phosphorous were assessed and compared between the two groups, using SPSS software. RESULTS The mean serum calcium and parathyroid hormone level was significantly lower in hypoparathyroid patients in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). We found high serum level of phosphate and FGF-23 in hypoparathyroid patients compared to the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in Fractional excretion of phosphorous or 1,25OH2D level between the two groups. There was a positive correlation between serum FGF-23 and Fractional excretion of phosphorous just in the normal individuals (P < 0.001, r = 0.79). CONCLUSIONS Although the FGF-23 is a main regulator of urinary phosphate excretion but the existence of sufficient parathyroid hormone is necessary for the full phosphaturic effect of FGF-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forough Saki
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Kassaee
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Azita Salehifar
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholam Hossein Ranjbar Omrani
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 71345-1744, Shiraz, Iran.
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25
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Abstract
Phosphate is an essential nutrient for life and is a critical component of bone formation, a major signaling molecule, and structural component of cell walls. Phosphate is also a component of high-energy compounds (i.e., AMP, ADP, and ATP) and essential for nucleic acid helical structure (i.e., RNA and DNA). Phosphate plays a central role in the process of mineralization, normal serum levels being associated with appropriate bone mineralization, while high and low serum levels are associated with soft tissue calcification. The serum concentration of phosphate and the total body content of phosphate are highly regulated, a process that is accomplished by the coordinated effort of two families of sodium-dependent transporter proteins. The three isoforms of the SLC34 family (SLC34A1-A3) show very restricted tissue expression and regulate intestinal absorption and renal excretion of phosphate. SLC34A2 also regulates the phosphate concentration in multiple lumen fluids including milk, saliva, pancreatic fluid, and surfactant. Both isoforms of the SLC20 family exhibit ubiquitous expression (with some variation as to which one or both are expressed), are regulated by ambient phosphate, and likely serve the phosphate needs of the individual cell. These proteins exhibit similarities to phosphate transporters in nonmammalian organisms. The proteins are nonredundant as mutations in each yield unique clinical presentations. Further research is essential to understand the function, regulation, and coordination of the various phosphate transporters, both the ones described in this review and the phosphate transporters involved in intracellular transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nati Hernando
- University of Zurich-Irchel, Institute of Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Kenneth Gagnon
- University of Zurich-Irchel, Institute of Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Eleanor Lederer
- University of Zurich-Irchel, Institute of Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky; and Robley Rex VA Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky
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26
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Groeneweg S, van Geest FS, Peeters RP, Heuer H, Visser WE. Thyroid Hormone Transporters. Endocr Rev 2020; 41:5637505. [PMID: 31754699 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone transporters at the plasma membrane govern intracellular bioavailability of thyroid hormone. Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and MCT10, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1C1, and SLC17A4 are currently known as transporters displaying the highest specificity toward thyroid hormones. Structure-function studies using homology modeling and mutational screens have led to better understanding of the molecular basis of thyroid hormone transport. Mutations in MCT8 and in OATP1C1 have been associated with clinical disorders. Different animal models have provided insight into the functional role of thyroid hormone transporters, in particular MCT8. Different treatment strategies for MCT8 deficiency have been explored, of which thyroid hormone analogue therapy is currently applied in patients. Future studies may reveal the identity of as-yet-undiscovered thyroid hormone transporters. Complementary studies employing animal and human models will provide further insight into the role of transporters in health and disease. (Endocrine Reviews 41: 1 - 55, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Groeneweg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdy S van Geest
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands Academic Center for Thyroid Diseases, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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27
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Anandan A, Kolk M, Ferrari N, Copley M, Driscoll J, Caimi P, Rashidi A, de Lima M, Malek E. Serum electrolyte dynamics in multiple myeloma patients undergoing autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Nephrology (Carlton) 2020; 25:450-456. [PMID: 32167620 DOI: 10.1111/nep.13712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM High-dose melphalan followed by autologous haematopoietic cell transplantation remains the standard-of-care therapy for multiple myeloma (MM). Gastrointestinal toxicity concomitant with electrolyte derangement is a primary cause of morbidity from transplant. Here, we assessed the dynamics of electrolyte imbalances and its role in hematologic counts and engraftment. Ω Patients and Methods One hundred and eighteen MM patients that received transplant were studied. RESULTS Engraftment speed (ES) was calculated as the period between the first rise in the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and full engraftment defined as the first of three consecutive days with ANC > 500 × 106 /L. The defined median ES was 2 days (range 0-5 days) and 40 patients had ES ≤2 days. Engraftment occurred at a median of 10 days. The median time-to-nadir for phosphorus and potassium was 10 and 4.28 days, respectively. The drop in phosphorus and potassium serum level was statistically greater in patients with an ES ≤2 days compared to patients with ES ≥2 days. Magnesium level were not significantly affected and there was no significant difference between the drop in serum phosphorus and potassium based on severity of nausea or oral mucositis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that there is a significant correlation between the magnitude of drop in potassium and phosphorous levels and a steep rise in neutrophil counts around the engraftment period following stem cell transplant. These events indicate a "genesis syndrome" characterized by a rapid, massive transfer of electrolytes into proliferating cells as has been previously described after HCT for certain high-grade lymphomas and leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Anandan
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Merle Kolk
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Ferrari
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Copley
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - James Driscoll
- Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paolo Caimi
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Arash Rashidi
- Nephrology division, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Marcos de Lima
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ehsan Malek
- Adult Hematologic Malignancies & Stem Cell Transplant Section, University Hospitals Seidman Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Wubuli A, Reyer H, Muráni E, Ponsuksili S, Wolf P, Oster M, Wimmers K. Tissue-Wide Gene Expression Analysis of Sodium/Phosphate Co-Transporters in Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225576. [PMID: 31717287 PMCID: PMC6888643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium/phosphate co-transporters are considered to be important mediators of phosphorus (P) homeostasis. The expression of specific sodium/phosphate co-transporters is routinely used as an immediate response to dietary interventions in different species. However, a general understanding of their tissue-specificity is required to elucidate their particular contribution to P homeostasis. In this study, the tissue-wide gene expression status of all currently annotated sodium/phosphate co-transporters were investigated in two pig trials focusing on a standard commercial diet (trial 1) or divergent P-containing diets (trial 2). A wide range of tissues including the gastrointestinal tract (stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and colon), kidney, liver, bone, muscle, lung, and aorta were analyzed. Both trials showed consistent patterns in the overall tissue-specific expression of P transporters. While SLC34A2 was considered as the most important intestinal P transporter in other species including humans, SLC34A3 appeared to be the most prominent intestinal P transporter in pigs. In addition, the P transporters of the SLC17 family showed basal expression in the pig intestine and might have a contribution to P homeostasis. The expression patterns observed in the distal colon provide evidence that the large intestine may also be relevant for intestinal P absorption. A low dietary P supply induced higher expressions of SLC20A1, SLC20A2, SLC34A1, and SLC34A3 in the kidney cortex. The results suggest that the expression of genes encoding transcellular P transporters is tissue-specific and responsive to dietary P supply, while underlying regulatory mechanisms require further analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisanjiang Wubuli
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Henry Reyer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Eduard Muráni
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Siriluck Ponsuksili
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Petra Wolf
- Nutrition Physiology and Animal Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 6b, 18059 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Michael Oster
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
| | - Klaus Wimmers
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (A.W.); (H.R.); (E.M.); (S.P.); (M.O.)
- Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Rostock, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 7, 18059 Rostock, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-38208-68600
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30
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Fukuda-Tatano S, Yamamoto H, Nakahashi O, Yoshikawa R, Hayashi M, Kishimoto M, Imi Y, Yamanaka-Okumura H, Ohnishi K, Masuda M, Taketani Y. Regulation of α-Klotho Expression by Dietary Phosphate During Growth Periods. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:667-678. [PMID: 30671592 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00525-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an essential nutrient for maintaining various biological functions, particularly during growth periods. Excess intake of dietary Pi increases the secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) and parathyroid hormone to maintain plasma Pi levels. FGF23 is a potent phosphaturic factor that binds to the α-klotho/FGFR complex in the kidney to promote excretion of Pi into the urine. In addition, excess intake of dietary Pi decreases renal α-klotho expression. Down-regulation or lack of α-klotho induces a premature aging-like phenotype, resulting from hyperphosphatemia, and leading to conditions such as ectopic calcification and osteoporosis. However, it remains unclear what effects dietary Pi has on α-klotho expression at different life stages, especially during growth periods. To investigate this, we used C57BL/6J mice in two life stages during growing period. Weaned (3 weeks old) and periadolescent (7 weeks old) were randomly divided into seven experimental groups and fed with 0.02, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, 1.5, or 1.8% Pi diets for 7 days. As a result, elevated plasma Pi and FGF23 levels and decreased renal α-klotho expression were observed in weaned mice fed with a high Pi diet. In addition, a high Pi diet clearly induced renal calcification in the weaned mice. However, in the periadolescent group, renal calcification was not observed, even in the 1.8% Pi diet group. The present study indicates that a high Pi diet in weaned mice has much greater adverse effects on renal α-klotho expression and pathogenesis of renal calcification compared with periadolescent mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiori Fukuda-Tatano
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Nutrition, The University of Shimane, 151 Nishihayashigi, Izumo, Shimane, 693-8550, Japan
| | - Hironori Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life, Jin-ai University, Ohde-cho 3-1-1, Echizen, Fukui, 915-8586, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, 910-1193, Japan
| | - Otoki Nakahashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
- Division of Functional Food Chemistry, Institute for Health Science, Tokushima Bunri University, 180 Nishihamahoji, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8514, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Yoshikawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Mayu Hayashi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Maki Kishimoto
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yukiko Imi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Konan Women's University, Kobe, 658-0001, Japan
| | - Hisami Yamanaka-Okumura
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kohta Ohnishi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masashi Masuda
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yutaka Taketani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Food Management, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Tokushima Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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31
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Sørensen KU, Shiguetomi‐Medina JM, Poulsen HD. Mineralisation of tubular bones is affected differently by low phosphorus supply in growing-finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3628-3634. [PMID: 30628081 PMCID: PMC6593434 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus (P) supply is essential for bone mineralisation. Reduced P may result in osteopenia, whereas excessive P may result in environmental impacts. The objective was to study the long-term effect of three dietary P levels on net bone mineralisation in growing-finishing pigs. Eighteen female pigs were fed low P (LP (4.1)), medium P (MP (6.2)) or high P (HP (8.9 g P kg-1 DM)) from 39.7 until 110 kg. Trabecular, cortical and overall bone mineral density (BMD), ash, calcium (Ca) and P were determined after slaughter. RESULTS The LP diet generally reduced the BMD, ash, Ca and P in all bones, though all measures were markedly lowered in femur compared with humerus. The trabecular BMD in LP pigs was only different in the distal section compared to the MP-fed pigs (P < 0.05). In addition, ash, Ca and P were lower in the proximal and distal sections. No significant effect of HP was seen. Conclusively, LP caused lower net bone mineralisation, mainly of femur. The trabecular tissue of the distal bones seems to be most metabolically active. CONCLUSIONS The MP level was sufficient for net bone mineralisation. Femur is recommended for studying bone fragility whereas humerus seems useful to study increased P retention. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina U Sørensen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
| | | | - Hanne D Poulsen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Science and TechnologyAarhus UniversityTjeleDenmark
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32
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Proszkowiec-Weglarz M, Schreier LL, Miska KB, Angel R, Kahl S, Russell B. Effect of early neonatal development and delayed feeding post-hatch on jejunal and ileal calcium and phosphorus transporter genes expression in broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:1861-1871. [PMID: 30508138 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) are essential minerals involved in many biological processes including bone development and mineralization. Plasma concentration of both minerals is tightly regulated, and Ca and P homeostasis is maintained via intestinal absorption, bone storage and exchange, and renal reabsorption. In the current broiler production systems, chicks are deprived of food and water for up to 72 h due to uneven hatching, hatchery procedures, and transportation time to farms. Post-hatch (PH) feed delay results in lower body and organ weight, higher feed conversion ratio and mortality, and delayed PH growth and GIT development. Little is known about the effects of early neonatal development and delayed or immediate feeding PH on Ca and P transporters. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterize expression patterns of Ca and P transporter genes in small intestine during the first 2 wk PH in chickens fed immediately after hatch (FED) or subjected to 48 h delayed feeding (NOTFED). Expression of all Ca and P transporters in jejunum and ileum was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by age. Among Ca transporter genes, only mRNA expression of Calbidin D28k in jejunum and Ca sensing receptor (CaSR) in ileum were significantly (P < 0.05) affected by delay in feed access. For P transporter genes' expression, only P transporter type III (PIT1) mRNA was significantly affected by age, delay in feed access, and their interaction (P < 0.05). In summary, we have shown, for the first time, early developmental changes of Ca and P transporter genes in broiler chickens. Results suggest that an increase in gene expression of some of the transporters corresponds with the switch from yolk to high starch diet. Overall, our results can be helpful in better understanding of Ca and P homeostasis in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Proszkowiec-Weglarz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Lori L Schreier
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Katarzyna B Miska
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Roselina Angel
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Stanislaw Kahl
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Beverly Russell
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Levi M, Gratton E. Visualizing the regulation of SLC34 proteins at the apical membrane. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:533-542. [PMID: 30613865 PMCID: PMC6436987 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-02249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The cloning of the renal NaPi-2a (SLC34A1) and NaPi-2c (SLC34A3) phosphate transporters has made it possible to characterize the molecular and biophysical regulation of renal proximal tubular reabsorption of inorganic phosphate (Pi). Dietary factors, such as Pi and K, and several hormones and phosphatonins, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and glucocorticoids, regulate the transporters through various transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms that involve acute trafficking via endocytosis or exocytosis, interactions with PDZ domain proteins, lipid microdomains, and diffusion and clustering in the apical brush border membrane. The visualization of these trafficking events by means of novel microscopy techniques that includes fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET), fluctuation correlation spectroscopy (FCS), and modulation tracking (MT), is the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Enrico Gratton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Laboratory for Fluorescence Dynamics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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34
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Oliveira B, Unwin R, Walsh SB. Inherited proximal tubular disorders and nephrolithiasis. Urolithiasis 2019; 47:35-42. [PMID: 30673801 DOI: 10.1007/s00240-018-01103-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The proximal tubule is responsible for reclaiming water, phosphates and amino acids from the tubular filtrate. There are genetic defects in both phosphate and amino acid transporters leading to nephrolithiasis. This review also explores genetic defects in regulators of phosphate and calcium transport in this nephron segment that lead to stone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Oliveira
- Royal Free Hospital/Medical School, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Robert Unwin
- Royal Free Hospital/Medical School, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.,AstraZeneca IMED ECD CVRM R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- Royal Free Hospital/Medical School, Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
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Jacquillet G, Unwin RJ. Physiological regulation of phosphate by vitamin D, parathyroid hormone (PTH) and phosphate (Pi). Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:83-98. [PMID: 30393837 PMCID: PMC6326012 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (Pi) is an abundant element in the body and is essential for a wide variety of key biological processes. It plays an essential role in cellular energy metabolism and cell signalling, e.g. adenosine and guanosine triphosphates (ATP, GTP), and in the composition of phospholipid membranes and bone, and is an integral part of DNA and RNA. It is an important buffer in blood and urine and contributes to normal acid-base balance. Given its widespread role in almost every molecular and cellular function, changes in serum Pi levels and balance can have important and untoward effects. Pi homoeostasis is maintained by a counterbalance between dietary Pi absorption by the gut, mobilisation from bone and renal excretion. Approximately 85% of total body Pi is present in bone and only 1% is present as free Pi in extracellular fluids. In humans, extracellular concentrations of inorganic Pi vary between 0.8 and 1.2 mM, and in plasma or serum Pi exists in both its monovalent and divalent forms (H2PO4- and HPO42-). In the intestine, approximately 30% of Pi absorption is vitamin D regulated and dependent. To help maintain Pi balance, reabsorption of filtered Pi along the renal proximal tubule (PT) is via the NaPi-IIa and NaPi-IIc Na+-coupled Pi cotransporters, with a smaller contribution from the PiT-2 transporters. Endocrine factors, including, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH), as well as newer factors such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23 and its coreceptor α-klotho, are intimately involved in the control of Pi homeostasis. A tight regulation of Pi is critical, since hyperphosphataemia is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hypophosphataemia with rickets and growth retardation. This short review considers the control of Pi balance by vitamin D, PTH and Pi itself, with an emphasis on the insights gained from human genetic disorders and genetically modified mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Jacquillet
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK
| | - Robert J Unwin
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London (UCL), Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- AstraZeneca IMED ECD CVRM R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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36
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Phosphate transport: from microperfusion to molecular cloning. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:1-6. [PMID: 30569199 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2245-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Michigami T, Kawai M, Yamazaki M, Ozono K. Phosphate as a Signaling Molecule and Its Sensing Mechanism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:2317-2348. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00022.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, phosphate balance is maintained by influx and efflux via the intestines, kidneys, bone, and soft tissue, which involves multiple sodium/phosphate (Na+/Pi) cotransporters, as well as regulation by several hormones. Alterations in the levels of extracellular phosphate exert effects on both skeletal and extra-skeletal tissues, and accumulating evidence has suggested that phosphate itself evokes signal transduction to regulate gene expression and cell behavior. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated that an elevation in extracellular Piactivates fibroblast growth factor receptor, Raf/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase)/ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway and Akt pathway, which might involve the type III Na+/Picotransporter PiT-1. Excessive phosphate loading can lead to various harmful effects by accelerating ectopic calcification, enhancing oxidative stress, and dysregulating signal transduction. The responsiveness of mammalian cells to altered extracellular phosphate levels suggests that they may sense and adapt to phosphate availability, although the precise mechanism for phosphate sensing in mammals remains unclear. Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and yeast, use some types of Pitransporters and other molecules, such as kinases, to sense the environmental Piavailability. Multicellular animals may need to integrate signals from various organs to sense the phosphate levels as a whole organism, similarly to higher plants. Clarification of the phosphate-sensing mechanism in humans may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat diseases caused by phosphate imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Michigami
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kawai
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamazaki
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ozono
- Department of Bone and Mineral Research, Research Institute, Osaka Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Osaka Prefectural Hospital Organization, Izumi, Osaka, Japan; and Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Abstract
Our understanding of the regulation of phosphate balance has benefited tremendously from the molecular identification and characterization of genetic defects leading to a number of rare inherited or acquired disorders affecting phosphate homeostasis. The identification of the key phosphate-regulating hormone, fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), as well as other molecules that control its production, such as the glycosyltransferase GALNT3, the endopeptidase PHEX, and the matrix protein DMP1, and molecules that function as downstream effectors of FGF23 such as the longevity factor Klotho and the phosphate transporters NPT2a and NPT2c, has permitted us to understand the complex interplay that exists between the kidneys, bone, parathyroid, and gut. Such insights from genetic disorders have allowed not only the design of potent targeted treatment of FGF23-dependent hypophosphatemic conditions, but also provide clinically relevant observations related to the dysregulation of mineral ion homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Christov
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Boland JM, Tebben PJ, Folpe AL. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumors: what an endocrinologist should know. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1173-1184. [PMID: 29446010 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0849-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO), also known as "oncogenic osteomalacia", is a rare cause of osteomalacia. TIO often has an insidious onset characterized clinically by progressive muscle weakness and bone pain with fractures. The hallmark biochemical finding is a persistent low serum phosphorus concentration due to renal phosphate wasting. The vast majority of cases of TIO result from production of the phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by a histologically distinctive mesenchymal tumor, termed "phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor" (PMT). Circulating FGF23 induces internalization of renal sodium/phosphate co-transporters resulting in reduced proximal tubular phosphate reabsorption. FGF23 also inhibits production of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D which is inappropriately low or normal in the context of hypophosphatemia. Diagnosis is often delayed owing to the rarity of the condition and an underappreciation for the role of phosphorus as a cause for the constellation of symptoms. Primary treatment for TIO is identification of the offending tumor and surgical removal. However, these tumors are notoriously difficult to find, precluding the opportunity for a curative surgery in many. In such cases, phosphate and calcitriol therapy is used to improve symptoms and heal the osteomalacia. Recently, molecular genetic studies have shown recurrent genetic events in PMT, including the novel fusions FN1-FGFR1 and less commonly FN1-FGF1. These fusion events are hypothesized to result in autocrine/paracrine signaling loops within the tumor, spurring tumorigenesis. This review will cover the clinical features, imaging characteristics, pathologic features, molecular genetic aspects, and therapy of PMT, with a brief discussion of other neoplasms that may cause TIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Boland
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - P J Tebben
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - A L Folpe
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Forster IC. The molecular mechanism of SLC34 proteins: insights from two decades of transport assays and structure-function studies. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:15-42. [PMID: 30244375 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The expression cloning some 25 years ago of the first member of SLC34 solute carrier family, the renal sodium-coupled inorganic phosphate cotransporter (NaPi-IIa) from rat and human tissue, heralded a new era of research into renal phosphate handling by focussing on the carrier proteins that mediate phosphate transport. The cloning of NaPi-IIa was followed by that of the intestinal NaPi-IIb and renal NaPi-IIc isoforms. These three proteins constitute the main secondary-active Na+-driven pathways for apical entry of inorganic phosphate (Pi) across renal and intestinal epithelial, as well as other epithelial-like organs. The key role these proteins play in mammalian Pi homeostasis was revealed in the intervening decades by numerous in vitro and animal studies, including the development of knockout animals for each gene and the detection of naturally occurring mutations that can lead to Pi-handling dysfunction in humans. In addition to characterising their physiological regulation, research has also focused on understanding the underlying transport mechanism and identifying structure-function relationships. Over the past two decades, this research effort has used real-time electrophysiological and fluorometric assays together with novel computational biology strategies to develop a detailed, but still incomplete, understanding of the transport mechanism of SLC34 proteins at the molecular level. This review will focus on how our present understanding of their molecular mechanism has evolved in this period by highlighting the key experimental findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian C Forster
- Ion Channels and Human Diseases Laboratory, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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41
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Tatsumi S, Katai K, Kaneko I, Segawa H, Miyamoto KI. NAD metabolism and the SLC34 family: evidence for a liver-kidney axis regulating inorganic phosphate. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:109-122. [PMID: 30218374 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2204-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The solute carrier 34 (SLC34) family of membrane transporters is a major contributor to Pi homeostasis. Many factors are involved in regulating the SLC34 family. The roles of the bone mineral metabolism factors parathyroid hormone (PTH) and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in Pi homeostasis are well studied. Intracellular Pi is thought to be involved in energy metabolism, such as ATP production. Under certain conditions of altered energy metabolism, plasma Pi concentrations are affected by the regulation of a Pi shift into cells or release from the tissues. We recently investigated the mechanism of hepatectomy-related hypophosphatemia, which is thought to involve an unknown phosphaturic factor. Hepatectomy-related hypophosphatemia is due to impaired nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) metabolism through its effects on the SLC34 family in the liver-kidney axis. The oxidized form of NAD, NAD+, is an essential cofactor in various cellular biochemical reactions. Levels of NAD+ and its reduced form NADH vary with the availability of dietary energy and nutrients. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) generates a key NAD+ intermediate, nicotinamide mononucleotide, from nicotinamide and 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate. The liver, an important organ of NAD metabolism, is thought to release metabolic products such as nicotinamide and may control NAD metabolism in other organs. Moreover, NAD is an important regulator of the circadian rhythm. Liver-specific Nampt-deficient mice and heterozygous Nampt mice have abnormal daily plasma Pi concentration oscillations. These data indicate that NAD metabolism in the intestine, liver, and kidney is closely related to Pi metabolism through the SLC34 family. Here, we review the relationship between the SLC34 family and NAD metabolism based on our recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.,Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Japan
| | - Kanako Katai
- Faculty of Human Life and Science, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan.
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42
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Bergwitz C, Miyamoto KI. Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:149-163. [PMID: 30109410 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets with hypercalciuria (HHRH; OMIM: 241530) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:250,000 that was originally described by Tieder et al. Individuals with HHRH carry compound-heterozygous or homozygous (comp/hom) loss-of-function mutations in the sodium-phosphate co-transporter NPT2c. These mutations result in the development of urinary phosphate (Pi) wasting and hypophosphatemic rickets, bowing, and short stature, as well as appropriately elevated 1,25(OH)2D levels, which sets this fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23)-independent disorder apart from the more common X-linked hypophosphatemia. The elevated 1,25(OH)2D levels in turn result in hypercalciuria due to enhanced intestinal calcium absorption and reduced parathyroid hormone (PTH)-dependent calcium-reabsorption in the distal renal tubules, leading to the development of kidney stones and/or nephrocalcinosis in approximately half of the individuals with HHRH. Even heterozygous NPT2c mutations are frequently associated with isolated hypercalciuria (IH), which increases the risk of kidney stones or nephrocalcinosis threefold in affected individuals compared with the general population. Bone disease is generally absent in individuals with IH, in contrast to those with HHRH. Treatment of HHRH and IH consists of monotherapy with oral Pi supplements, while active vitamin D analogs are contraindicated, mainly because the endogenous 1,25(OH)2D levels are already elevated but also to prevent further worsening of the hypercalciuria. Long-term studies to determine whether oral Pi supplementation alone is sufficient to prevent renal calcifications and bone loss, however, are lacking. It is also unknown how therapy should be monitored, whether secondary hyperparathyroidism can develop, and whether Pi requirements decrease with age, as observed in some FGF23-dependent hypophosphatemic disorders, or whether this can lead to osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Bergwitz
- Section Endocrinology and Metabolism, Yale University School of Medicine, Anlyan Center, Office S117, Lab S110, 1 Gilbert Street, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima, Japan
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Pawlak D, Znorko B, Kalaska B, Domaniewski T, Zawadzki R, Lipowicz P, Doroszko M, Łebkowska U, Grabowski P, Pawlak K. LP533401 restores bone health in 5/6 nephrectomized rats by a decrease of gut-derived serotonin and regulation of serum phosphate through the inhibition of phosphate co-transporters expression in the kidneys. Bone 2018; 113:124-136. [PMID: 29792935 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
LP533401 is an orally bioavailable small molecule that inhibits tryptophan hydroxylase-1, an enzyme responsible for the synthesis of gut-derived serotonin (GDS). Recently, we showed that increased GDS in rats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) affected bone strength and metabolism. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with LP533401 could reverse CKD-induced bone loss in uremia. Sixteen weeks after 5/6 nephrectomy, rats were randomized into untreated (CKD), treated with vehicle (VEH) and LP533401 at a dose of 30 or 100 mg/kg daily for 8 weeks. Treatment with LP533401 decreased serotonin turnover and restored bone mineral status, microarchitecture, and strength in CKD rats to the values observed in the controls. In parallel with the reduction of serotonin, serum phosphate levels also decreased, particularly in the LP533401, 100 mg/kg group. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon resulted from decreased expression of the renal VDR/FGF1R/Klotho/Npt2a/Npt2c axis, leading to elevated phosphate excretion in the kidneys. The elevated urinary phosphate excretion resulted in improved bone mineral status and strength in LP533401-treated rats. Unexpectedly, the standard VEH used in this model was able to reduce renal VDR/FGF1R/Klotho/Npt2a expression, leading to a compensatory increase in Npt2c mRNA levels, secondary disturbances in phosphate-regulated hormones and partial improvement in the mineral status of the trabecular bone. The decrease of serotonin synthesis together with the simultaneous reduction of renal Npt2a and Npt2c expression in rats treated with LP533401, 100 mg/kg led to an increase in 1,25(OH)2D3 levels; this mechanism seems to be particularly beneficial in relation to the mineral status of cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Beata Znorko
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Bartlomiej Kalaska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Domaniewski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Radosław Zawadzki
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Paweł Lipowicz
- Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Doroszko
- Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Urszula Łebkowska
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Grabowski
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krystyna Pawlak
- Department of Monitored Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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Muscher-Banse AS, Breves G. Mechanisms and regulation of epithelial phosphate transport in ruminants: approaches in comparative physiology. Pflugers Arch 2018; 471:185-191. [PMID: 30009339 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Ruminants have a unique utilization of phosphate (Pi) based on the so-called endogenous Pi recycling to guarantee adequate Pi supply for ruminal microbial growth and for buffering short-chain fatty acids. Large amounts of Pi enter the gastrointestinal tract by salivary secretion. The high saliva Pi concentrations are generated by active secretion of Pi from blood into primary saliva via basolateral sodium (Na+)-dependent Pi transporter type II. The following subsequent intestinal absorption of Pi is mainly carried out in the jejunum by the apical located secondary active Na+-dependent Pi transporters NaPi IIb (SLC34A2) and PiT1 (SLC20A1). A reduction in dietary Pi intake stimulates the intestinal Pi absorption by increasing the expression of NaPi IIb despite unchanged plasma 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations, which modulate Pi homeostasis in monogastric species. Reabsorption of glomerular filtrated plasma Pi is mainly mediated by the Pi transporters NaPi IIa (SLC34A1) and NaPi IIc (SLC34A3) in proximal tubule apical cells. The expression of NaPi IIa and the corresponding renal Na+-dependent Pi capacity were modulated by high dietary phosphorus (P) intake in a parathyroid-dependent manner. In response to reduced dietary Pi intake, the expression of NaPi IIa was not adapted indicating that renal Pi reabsorption in ruminants runs at a high level allowing no further increase when P intake is diminished. In bones and in the mammary glands, Na+-dependent Pi transporters are able to contribute to maintaining Pi homeostasis. Overall, the regulation of Pi transporter activity and expression by hormonal modulators confirms substantial differences between ruminant and non-ruminant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra S Muscher-Banse
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Breves
- Department of Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15/102, 30173, Hannover, Germany
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45
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Jing M, Zhao S, Rogiewicz A, Slominski B, House J. Assessment of the minimal available phosphorus needs of laying hens: Implications for phosphorus management strategies. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2400-2410. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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46
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Preobraschenski J, Cheret C, Ganzella M, Zander JF, Richter K, Schenck S, Jahn R, Ahnert-Hilger G. Dual and Direction-Selective Mechanisms of Phosphate Transport by the Vesicular Glutamate Transporter. Cell Rep 2018; 23:535-545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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47
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Long J, Chen Y, Lin H, Liao M, Li T, Tong L, Wei S, Xian X, Zhu J, Chen J, Tian J, Wang Q, Mo Z. Significant association between RGS14 rs12654812 and nephrolithiasis risk among Guangxi population in China. J Clin Lab Anal 2018; 32:e22435. [PMID: 29577426 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide health problem that affects almost all populations. This study aimed to evaluate the association between rs12654812 of regulator of G protein signaling 14 (RGS14) gene and nephrolithiasis in the Chinese population. METHODS A total of 1541 participators including 830 cases and 711 controls were included from Guangxi area in China. Age, sex, BMI, smoking status, drinking status, creatinine, uric acid, and urea nitrogen were analyzed between the case group and control group. RESULTS We found that the G/A+A/A genotypes of rs12654812 had a significantly increased nephrolithiasis risk after adjusting age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking, and hypertension, compared with G/G genotype (OR = 1.361, 95% CI = 1.033-1.794, P = .029). This hazardous effect was more pronounced in subgroup of age < 50, ever smoking, ever drinking, creatinine normal, and high uric acid. The G/A genotype of rs12654812 also had a significantly increased nephrolithiasis risk compared with G/G genotype. The A allele of rs12654812 significantly increased the risk of nephrolithiasis compared with the G allele after adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking, drinking and hypertension (OR = 1.277, 95% CI = 1.013-1.609, P = .038). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the RGS14 polymorphism is involved in the etiology of nephrolithiasis and thus may be a genetic marker for nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haisong Lin
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ming Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Tong
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Suchun Wei
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Xian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia Zhu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiarong Tian
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiuyan Wang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Miyagawa A, Tatsumi S, Takahama W, Fujii O, Nagamoto K, Kinoshita E, Nomura K, Ikuta K, Fujii T, Hanazaki A, Kaneko I, Segawa H, Miyamoto KI. The sodium phosphate cotransporter family and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase contribute to the daily oscillation of plasma inorganic phosphate concentration. Kidney Int 2018; 93:1073-1085. [PMID: 29398136 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circulating inorganic phosphate exhibits a remarkable daily oscillation based on food intake. In humans and rodents, the daily oscillation in response to food intake may be coordinated to control the intestinal absorption, renal excretion, cellular shifts, and extracellular concentration of inorganic phosphate. However, mechanisms regulating the resulting oscillation are unknown. Here we investigated the roles of the sodium phosphate cotransporter SLC34 (Npt2) family and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) in the daily oscillation of plasma inorganic phosphate levels. First, it is roughly linked to urinary inorganic phosphate excretion. Second, expression of renal Npt2a and Npt2c, and intestinal Npt2b proteins also exhibit a dynamic daily oscillation. Analyses of Npt2a, Npt2b, and Npt2c knockout mice revealed the importance of renal inorganic phosphate reabsorption and cellular inorganic phosphate shifts in the daily oscillation. Third, experiments in which nicotinamide and a specific Nampt inhibitor (FK866) were administered in the active and rest phases revealed that the Nampt/NAD+ system is involved in renal inorganic phosphate excretion. Additionally, for cellular shifts, liver-specific Nampt deletion disturbed the daily oscillation of plasma phosphate during the rest but not the active phase. In systemic Nampt+/- mice, NAD levels were significantly reduced in the liver, kidney, and intestine, and the daily oscillation (active and rest phases) of the plasma phosphate concentration was attenuated. Thus, the Nampt/NAD+ system for Npt2 regulation and cellular shifts to tissues such as the liver play an important role in generating daily oscillation of plasma inorganic phosphate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumi Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Sawako Tatsumi
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
| | - Wako Takahama
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Osamu Fujii
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kenta Nagamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Emi Kinoshita
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kengo Nomura
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kayo Ikuta
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toru Fujii
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ai Hanazaki
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ichiro Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroko Segawa
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular Nutrition, Institution of Biomedical Science, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan.
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49
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van der Wijst J, Tutakhel OAZ, Bos C, Danser AHJ, Hoorn EJ, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Effects of a high-sodium/low-potassium diet on renal calcium, magnesium, and phosphate handling. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F110-F122. [PMID: 29357414 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00379.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the kidney plays an important role in blood pressure regulation by modulating Na+ reabsorption via the Na+-Cl- cotransporter (NCC). A diet containing high salt (NaCl) and low K+ activates NCC, thereby causing Na+ retention and a rise in blood pressure. Since high blood pressure, hypertension, is associated with changes in serum calcium (Ca2+) and magnesium (Mg2+) levels, we hypothesized that dietary Na+ and K+ intake affects Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport in the DCT. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of a high-Na+/low-K+ diet on renal Ca2+ and Mg2+ handling. Mice were divided in four groups and fed a normal-Na+/normal-K+, normal-Na+/low-K+, high-Na+/normal-K+, or high-Na+/low-K+ diet for 4 days. Serum and urine were collected for electrolyte and hormone analysis. Gene and protein expression of electrolyte transporters were assessed in kidney and intestine by qPCR and immunoblotting. Whereas Mg2+ homeostasis was not affected, the mice had elevated urinary Ca2+ and phosphate (Pi) excretion upon high Na+ intake, as well as significantly lower serum Ca2+ levels in the high-Na+/low-K+ group. Alterations in the gene and protein expression of players involved in Ca2+ and Pi transport indicate that reabsorption in the proximal tubular and TAL is affected, while inducing a compensatory response in the DCT. These effects may contribute to the negative health impact of a high-salt diet, including kidney stone formation, chronic kidney disease, and loss of bone mineral density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny van der Wijst
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Omar A Z Tutakhel
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Caro Bos
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - Alexander H J Danser
- Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Ewout J Hoorn
- Division of Nephrology and Transplantation, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
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50
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Remer T. Letter to the Editor: "Fibroblast Growth Factor 23, Mineral Metabolism, and Adiposity in Normal Kidney Function". J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:356-357. [PMID: 29088402 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Remer
- DONALD Study Dortmund, Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Nutritional Epidemiology, University of Bonn, Dortmund, Germany
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