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Phan TCL, Chiang YS, Su MJ, Liang YJ, Juang SJ. Topical Clonidine Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing in Diabetic Rats by Regulating the Expression of Related Cytokine Signaling. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:5668-5681. [PMID: 38921010 PMCID: PMC11202418 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of clonidine in previous studies, we hypothesized that clonidine could accelerate wound healing in rats by regulating the expression of related cytokines. In this study, the wound healing effect of clonidine was evaluated using an excision wound model in diabetic rats and a HaCaT cell model. The wounds were treated daily with topical clonidine. The results analyzed by ImageJ2 software show that the wounds of the rats that were treated with 15 ng/mL clonidine recovered faster, and the wound size was also significantly reduced compared to the control group. Western blot assays determined that clonidine induced an increase in the expression of vascular growth factors, namely, Ang-1, Ang-2, and VEGF. Moreover, clonidine demonstrated a rescuing effect on JAK2 within the JAK/STAT pathway by inhibiting SOCS3 expression, leading to decreased SOCS3 levels and increased expression of JAK2 and phospho-STAT3. Histopathological analysis revealed that clonidine promoted complete epithelial repair and minimized inflammation in skin tissue. Additionally, clonidine stimulated HaCaT cell proliferation in vitro and enhanced cellular energy levels in the presence of AGEs. In conclusion, clonidine promoted vascular growth and wound healing by stimulating the expression of cytokines that are beneficial for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi-Chau-Loan Phan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (T.-C.-L.P.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Yi-Syuan Chiang
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Jai Su
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 106, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Jen Liang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan; (T.-C.-L.P.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Shiow-Jen Juang
- Department of Dermatology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City 710, Taiwan
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2
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Xiao Y, Vazquez-Padron RI, Martinez L, Singer HA, Woltmann D, Salman LH. Role of platelet factor 4 in arteriovenous fistula maturation failure: What do we know so far? J Vasc Access 2024; 25:390-406. [PMID: 35751379 PMCID: PMC9974241 DOI: 10.1177/11297298221085458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) maturation failure remains unacceptably high despite continuous efforts on technique improvement and careful pre-surgery planning. In fact, half of all newly created AVFs are unable to be used for hemodialysis (HD) without a salvage procedure. While vascular stenosis in the venous limb of the access is the culprit, the underlying factors leading to vascular narrowing and AVF maturation failure are yet to be determined. We have recently demonstrated that AVF non-maturation is associated with post-operative medial fibrosis and fibrotic stenosis, and post-operative intimal hyperplasia (IH) exacerbates the situation. Multiple pathological processes and signaling pathways are underlying the stenotic remodeling of the AVF. Our group has recently indicated that a pro-inflammatory cytokine platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXCL4) is upregulated in veins that fail to mature after AVF creation. Platelet factor 4 is a fibrosis marker and can be detected in vascular stenosis tissue, suggesting that it may contribute to AVF maturation failure through stimulation of fibrosis and development of fibrotic stenosis. Here, we present an overview of the how PF4-mediated fibrosis determines AVF maturation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Xiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Roberto I Vazquez-Padron
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laisel Martinez
- DeWitt Daughtry Family Department of Surgery, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Harold A Singer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Woltmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Loay H Salman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
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Antibodies against 4 Atypical Post-Translational Protein Modifications in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020352. [PMID: 35204444 PMCID: PMC8870974 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) show autoantibodies against post-translational protein modifications (PTMs), such as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies. However, the range of recognized PTMs is unknown. Here, we addressed four PTMs: chlorination, non-enzymatic glycation, nitration, and homocysteinylation, identified as targets of atypical RA autoantibodies in studies whose protocols we have followed. The modified antigens included collagen type II, an extract of synovial proteins and a selection of peptides. We interpreted the results according to the optical density (OD) obtained in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) with the modified antigen and the corrected OD obtained after subtracting the reactivity against the unmodified antigen. The results showed evidence of specific antibodies against glycated collagen type II, as the corrected ODs were higher in the 182 patients with RA than in the 164 healthy controls (p = 0.0003). However, the relevance of these antibodies was doubtful because the magnitude of the specific signal was small (median OD = 0.072 vs. 0.027, respectively). There were no specific antibodies against any of the other three PTMs. Therefore, our results showed that the four PTMs are not inducing a significant autoantibody response in patients with RA. These results indicated that the repertoire of PTM autoantigens in RA is restricted.
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Young GH, Lin JT, Cheng YF, Ho CF, Kuok QY, Hsu RC, Liao WR, Chen CC, Chen HM. Modulation of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase-mediated salvage pathway to accelerate diabetic wound healing. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21296. [PMID: 33675115 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001736rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) is the key enzyme involved in purine salvage by the incorporation of adenine and phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to provide adenylate nucleotides. To evaluate the role of APRT in the repair processes of cutaneous wounds in healthy skin and in diabetic patients, a diabetic mouse model (db/db) and age-matched wild-type mice were used. Moreover, the topical application of adenine was assessed. In vitro studies, analytical, histological, and immunohistochemical methods were used. Diabetic mice treated with adenine exhibited elevated ATP levels in organismic skin and accelerated wound healing. In vitro studies showed that APRT utilized adenine to rescue cellular ATP levels and proliferation from hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS-based analysis of total adenylate nucleotides in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts demonstrated that adenine addition enlarged the cellular adenylate pool, reduced the adenylate energy charge, and provided additional AMP for the further generation of ATP. These data indicate an upregulation of APRT in skin wounds, highlighting its role during the healing of diabetic wounds through regulation of the nucleotide pool after injury. Furthermore, topical adenine supplementation resulted in an enlargement of the adenylate pool needed for the generation of ATP, an important molecule for wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ru-Chun Hsu
- Energenesis Biomedical Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Han-Min Chen
- Energenesis Biomedical Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Catholic Fu-Jen University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Tan CT, Liang K, Ngo ZH, Dube CT, Lim CY. Application of 3D Bioprinting Technologies to the Management and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcers. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E441. [PMID: 33096771 PMCID: PMC7589916 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease with increasing prevalence worldwide. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a serious complication of DM. It is estimated that 15-25% of DM patients develop DFU at least once in their lifetime. The lack of effective wound dressings and targeted therapy for DFUs often results in prolonged hospitalization and amputations. As the incidence of DM is projected to rise, the demand for specialized DFU wound management will continue to increase. Hence, it is of great interest to improve and develop effective DFU-specific wound dressings and therapies. In the last decade, 3D bioprinting technology has made a great contribution to the healthcare sector, with the development of personalized prosthetics, implants, and bioengineered tissues. In this review, we discuss the challenges faced in DFU wound management and how 3D bioprinting technology can be applied to advance current treatment methods, such as biomanufacturing of composite 3D human skin substitutes for skin grafting and the development of DFU-appropriate wound dressings. Future co-development of 3D bioprinting technologies with novel treatment approaches to mitigate DFU-specific pathophysiological challenges will be key to limiting the healthcare burden associated with the increasing prevalence of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chew Teng Tan
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Kun Liang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Zong Heng Ngo
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
| | - Christabel Thembela Dube
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138648, Singapore; (C.T.T.); (K.L.); (Z.H.N.); (C.T.D.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117596, Singapore
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Pisoschi AM, Pop A, Iordache F, Stanca L, Predoi G, Serban AI. Oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants - An overview on their chemistry and influences on health status. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 209:112891. [PMID: 33032084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The present review paper focuses on the chemistry of oxidative stress mitigation by antioxidants. Oxidative stress is understood as a lack of balance between the pro-oxidant and the antioxidant species. Reactive oxygen species in limited amounts are necessary for cell homeostasis and redox signaling. Excessive reactive oxygenated/nitrogenated species production, which counteracts the organism's defense systems, is known as oxidative stress. Sustained attack of endogenous and exogenous ROS results in conformational and oxidative alterations in key biomolecules. Chronic oxidative stress is associated with oxidative modifications occurring in key biomolecules: lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation, carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone) adduct formation, nitration, sulfoxidation, DNA impairment such strand breaks or nucleobase oxidation. Oxidative stress is tightly linked to the development of cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, kidney disease, eye disease. The deleterious action of reactive oxygenated species and their role in the onset and progression of pathologies are discussed. The results of oxidative attack become themselves sources of oxidative stress, becoming part of a vicious cycle that amplifies oxidative impairment. The term antioxidant refers to a compound that is able to impede or retard oxidation, acting at a lower concentration compared to that of the protected substrate. Antioxidant intervention against the radicalic lipid peroxidation can involve different mechanisms. Chain breaking antioxidants are called primary antioxidants, acting by scavenging radical species, converting them into more stable radicals or non-radical species. Secondary antioxidants quench singlet oxygen, decompose peroxides, chelate prooxidative metal ions, inhibit oxidative enzymes. Moreover, four reactivity-based lines of defense have been identified: preventative antioxidants, radical scavengers, repair antioxidants, and those relying on adaptation mechanisms. The specific mechanism of a series of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants in particular aspects of oxidative stress, is detailed. The final section resumes critical conclusions regarding antioxidant supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia Magdalena Pisoschi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Aneta Pop
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florin Iordache
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gabriel Predoi
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
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Cerf ME. Cardiac Glucolipotoxicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54050070. [PMID: 30344301 PMCID: PMC6262512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac insulin signaling can be impaired due to the altered fatty acid metabolism to induce insulin resistance. In diabetes and insulin resistance, the metabolic, structural and ultimately functional alterations in the heart and vasculature culminate in diabetic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, ischemia and eventually heart failure. Glucolipotoxicity describes the combined, often synergistic, adverse effects of elevated glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on heart structure, function, and survival. The quality of fatty acid shapes the cardiac structure and function, often influencing survival. A healthy fatty acid balance is therefore critical for maintaining cardiac integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
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8
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Geicu OI, Stanca L, Dinischiotu A, Serban AI. Proteomic and immunochemical approaches to understanding the glycation behaviour of the casein and β-lactoglobulin fractions of flavoured drinks under UHT processing conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12869. [PMID: 30150692 PMCID: PMC6110766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy technology used to produce sweetened milk products might introduce additional advanced glycation end products (AGEs) into the diet. These molecular messengers are linked to detrimental health effects. Using a model accurate to the thermal treatment, reducing sugars, main protein content, and prolonged storage of ultra-high-temperature-sterilized (UHT) milk, we studied the behaviour of milk proteins during glycation. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) profiles and western blots of glycated total casein revealed the major contributions of αs2-casein and β-casein and the relatively minor contributions of κ-casein towards the formation of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (CML)-positive aggregates. Glycated κ-casein had the lowest furosine (FUR), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and AGEs content. Conversely, the α-casein fraction demonstrated a high susceptibility to glycation, having the highest FUR, HMF and AGE levels. The gel-filtration elution profiles and the corresponding fraction fluorescence revealed that glycated casein aggregates were highly fluorescent, while the β-lactoglobulin glycation profile was similar to that of bovine serum albumin, and fluorescence was detected mainly in tetramers. Although CML is not a cross-linking AGE, it was only detected in large molecular aggregates and not in glycated monomers. Our results also indicate that in casein, glycation-induced changes in the UHT conditions were less deleterious than the subsequent 90 day storage period.
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Grants
- TE_2012-3-0034, 15/26.04.2013 Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (Executive Agency for Higher Education, Scientific Research, Development and Innovation Funding)
- TE_2012-3-0034, 15/26.04.2013 Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (Executive Agency for Higher Education, Scientific Research, Development and Innovation Funding)
- TE_2012-3-0034, 15/26.04.2013 Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (Executive Agency for Higher Education, Scientific Research, Development and Innovation Funding)
- TE_2012-3-0034, 15/26.04.2013 Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (Executive Agency for Higher Education, Scientific Research, Development and Innovation Funding)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovidiu I Geicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Loredana Stanca
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea I Serban
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095, Bucharest, Romania.
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097, Bucharest, Romania.
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Hwang AR, Nam JO, Kang YJ. Fluvastatin inhibits advanced glycation end products-induced proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix accumulation in vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting connective tissue growth factor. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [PMID: 29520172 PMCID: PMC5840078 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2018.22.2.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a novel fibrotic mediator, which is considered to mediate fibrosis through extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in diabetic cardiovascular complications. Statins have significant immunomodulatory effects and reduce vascular injury. We therefore examined whether fluvastatin has anti-fibrotic effects in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and elucidated its putative transduction signals. We show that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) stimulated CTGF mRNA and protein expression in a time-dependent manner. AGE-induced CTGF expression was mediated via ERK1/2, JNK, and Egr-1 pathways, but not p38; consequently, cell proliferation and migration and ECM accumulation were regulated by CTGF signaling pathway. AGE-stimulated VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation were blocked by fluvastatin. However, the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin was restored by administration of CTGF recombinant protein. AGE-induced VSMC proliferation was dependent on cell cycle arrest, thereby increasing G1/G0 phase. Fluvastatin repressed cell cycle regulatory genes cyclin D1 and Cdk4 and augmented cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p27 and p21 in AGE-induced VSMCs. Taken together, fluvastatin suppressed AGE-induced VSMC proliferation, migration, and ECM accumulation by targeting CTGF signaling mechanism. These findings might be evidence for CTGF as a potential therapeutic target in diabetic vasculature complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Rang Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
| | - Ju-Ock Nam
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Young Jin Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu 42415, Korea
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10
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Kim JH, Yoon NY, Kim DH, Jung M, Jun M, Park HY, Chung CH, Lee K, Kim S, Park CS, Liu KH, Choi EH. Impaired permeability and antimicrobial barriers in type 2 diabetes skin are linked to increased serum levels of advanced glycation end-product. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:815-823. [PMID: 29151267 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has been increasing rapidly, and the disease has become a serious sociomedical problem. Many skin problems, such as xerosis, pruritus, skin infections and delayed wound healing, that might be related to chronic impairment of skin barrier function decrease the quality of life in patients with DM. However, the status of the permeability and antimicrobial barrier of the skin in DM remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate skin barrier impairment in patients with type 2 DM and its pathomechanisms using classic animal models of type 2 DM. Functional studies of the skin barrier and an analysis of stratum corneum (SC) lipids were compared between patients with type 2 DM and age- and sex-matched non-diabetes controls. Also, functional studies on the skin barrier, epidermal lipid analyses, and electron microscopy and biomolecular studies were performed using type 2 DM animal models, db/db and ob/ob mice. Patients with type 2 DM presented with epidermal barrier impairments, including SC hydration, which was influenced by blood glucose control (HbA1c level). In the lipid analysis of SC, ceramides, fatty acids and cholesterol were significantly decreased in patients with type 2 DM compared with controls. Type 2 DM murine models presented with severe hyperglycaemia, impairment of skin barrier homeostasis, decreases in epidermal proliferation and epidermal lipid synthesis, decreases in lamellar body (LB) and epidermal antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an increase in receptors for advanced glycation end-product (AGE) in the epidermis and an increase in serum AGE. Impairment of the skin barrier was observed in type 2 DM, which results in part from a decrease in epidermal proliferation. Serum AGE and its epidermal receptors were increased in type 2 diabetic mice which display impaired skin barrier parameters such as epidermal lipid synthesis, LB production, epidermal AMP and SC lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hong Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Na Young Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dong Hye Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Minyoung Jung
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Myungsoo Jun
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hwa-Young Park
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Kyohoon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunki Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Seo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyeon Liu
- College of Pharmacy and Research, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eung Ho Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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11
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Son S, Hwang I, Han SH, Shin JS, Shin OS, Yu JW. Advanced glycation end products impair NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated innate immune responses in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:20437-20448. [PMID: 29051224 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.806307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are adducts formed on proteins by glycation with reducing sugars, such as glucose, and tend to form and accumulate under hyperglycemic conditions. AGE accumulation alters protein function and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many degenerative diseases such as diabetic complications. AGEs have also been shown to promote the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, but the roles of AGEs in inflammasome signaling have not been explored in detail. Here, we present evidence that AGEs attenuate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) as determined by caspase-1 processing and interleukin-1β production. AGEs also dampened the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome, but did not affect the NLRC4 or AIM2 inflammasome activation. Moreover, our data indicated that AGE treatment inhibited Toll-like receptor (TLR)-dependent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BMDMs. This immunosuppressive effect of AGE was not associated with a receptor for AGEs (RAGE)-mediated signaling. Instead, AGE treatment markedly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced M1 polarization of macrophages. Furthermore, AGEs significantly dampened innate immune responses including NLRP3 inflammasome activation and type-I interferon production in macrophages upon influenza virus infection. These observations collectively suggest that AGEs could impair host NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated innate immune defenses against RNA virus infection leading to an increased susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghwan Son
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science
| | - Inhwa Hwang
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science
| | - Seung Hyeok Han
- the Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Kidney Disease Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea and
| | - Jeon-Soo Shin
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- the Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea
| | - Je-Wook Yu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science,
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Kean TJ, Mera H, Whitney GA, MacKay DL, Awadallah A, Fernandes RJ, Dennis JE. Disparate response of articular- and auricular-derived chondrocytes to oxygen tension. Connect Tissue Res 2016; 57:319-33. [PMID: 27128439 PMCID: PMC4984267 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2016.1182996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM To determine the effect of reduced (5%) oxygen tension on chondrogenesis of auricular-derived chondrocytes. Currently, many cell and tissue culture experiments are performed at 20% oxygen with 5% carbon dioxide. Few cells in the body are subjected to this supra-physiological oxygen tension. Chondrocytes and their mesenchymal progenitors are widely reported to have greater chondrogenic expression when cultured at low, more physiological, oxygen tension (1-7%). Although generally accepted, there is still some controversy, and different culture methods, species, and outcome metrics cloud the field. These results are, however, articular chondrocyte biased and have not been reported for auricular-derived chondrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Auricular and articular chondrocytes were isolated from skeletally mature New Zealand White rabbits, expanded in culture and differentiated in high density cultures with serum-free chondrogenic media. Cartilage tissue derived from aggregate cultures or from the tissue engineered sheets were assessed for biomechanical, glycosaminoglycan, collagen, collagen cross-links, and lysyl oxidase activity and expression. RESULTS Our studies show increased proliferation rates for both auricular and articular chondrocytes at low (5%) O2 versus standard (20%) O2. In our scaffold-free chondrogenic cultures, low O2 was found to increase articular chondrocyte accumulation of glycosaminoglycan, but not cross-linked type II collagen, or total collagen. Conversely, auricular chondrocytes accumulated less glycosaminoglycan, cross-linked type II collagen and total collagen under low oxygen tension. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the dramatic difference in response to low O2 of chondrocytes isolated from different anatomical sites. Low O2 is beneficial for articular-derived chondrogenesis but detrimental for auricular-derived chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Kean
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hisashi Mera
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Hyogo, Japan
| | - G. Adam Whitney
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Danielle L. MacKay
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amad Awadallah
- Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Russell J. Fernandes
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E. Dennis
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Orthopedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Glucotoxicity Induced Oxidative Stress and Inflammation In Vivo and In Vitro in Psammomys obesus: Involvement of Aqueous Extract of Brassica rapa rapifera. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3689208. [PMID: 27047569 PMCID: PMC4800080 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3689208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Context. Brassica rapa is considered as natural source of antioxidants and is used to treat diabetes. Objective. Our study carried the impact of glucotoxicity induced in vivo and in vitro in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in Psammomys and the therapeutic effect of Brassica rapa (AEBr). Materials and Methods. We administered a hyperglucidic diet (30% sucrose) for 9 months and a treatment for 20 days with AEBr at 100 mg/kg. VSMCs were submitted to D-Glucose (0.6%) for 48 hours and treated with AEBr (2100 μg/mL) for 24 hours. We measured, in blood metabolic parameters, the redox statues and inflammatory markers in adipose tissue. Histological study was effectuated in liver. In VSMCs, we measured markers of glucotoxicity (IRS1p Serine, AKT) inflammation (NO, MCP1, TNFα, and NF-κB) and oxidative stress (oxidants and antioxydants markers). Cell viability and apoptosis were estimated by the morphological study. Results. AEBr corrects the metabolic parameters and inflammatory and oxidative markers in blood and homogenate tissue and reduces lipid droplets in liver. It induces, in VSMCs, a significant decrease of IRS1p serine, cyt c, NO, MCP1, TNFα, NF-κB, protein, and lipid oxidation and increases cell viability, AKT, ERK1/2, catalase, and SOD activity. Conclusion. Brassica enhanced the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant defense leading to the protection of cardiovascular diseases.
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Knaś M, Wołosik K, Zalewska A, Mikucka-Niczyporuk A, Kasacka I, Niczyporuk M. The skin remodeling in type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance animal models. Physiol Res 2015; 64:875-81. [PMID: 26047379 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin matrix metalloproteinase 3, tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and collagen III content changes in type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance treated with insulin and metformin were studied. Healthy adult male Wistar rats were obtained from experimental animal house, Department of Experimental Pharmacology, Medical University in Bialystok. The rats were divided randomly into five groups of 8 rats each. Control rats were injected intraperitoneally by NaCl. Type IDDM was induced by a single injection of Streptozocin. Insulin resistance was induced by a high-fat diet. The chosen groups of rats were also treated with insulin or metformin. ELISA Kits (USCN Life Science, China) were used to measure content of matrix metallo-proteinase 3 (ELISA Kit for Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 - MMP3), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (ELISA Kit for Tissue Inhibitors of Metalloproteinase 2 - TIMP2) and content of collagen type 3 (ELISA Kit for Collagen Type III - COL3). The results were reported as a median. The statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance have significantly reduced the quality of the skin, shown by the increase in content of matrix metalloproteinase 3 and the decrease in content of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase 2. Type 1 diabetes and insulin resistance have reduced the quality of the skin expressed by type III collagen content decrease but for future studies it is recommend to determine rat interstitial collagenase, MMP-13, as well. Insulin and metformin treatment improved the quality of the diabetic skin, demonstrated by the type III collagen content increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Knaś
- Institute of Health Care, Higher Vocational School, Suwalki, Poland; Research Laboratory of Cosmetology, Medical University of Bialystok, Poland.
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Cerutis DR, Weston MD, Alnouti Y, Bathena SP, Nunn ME, Ogunleye AO, McVaney TP, Headen KV, Miyamoto T. A Major Human Oral Lysophosphatidic Acid Species, LPA 18:1, Regulates Novel Genes in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2015; 86:713-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Serban AI, Stanca L, Geicu OI, Munteanu MC, Costache M, Dinischiotu A. Extracellular matrix is modulated in advanced glycation end products milieu via a RAGE receptor dependent pathway boosted by transforming growth factor-β1 RAGE. J Diabetes 2015; 7:114-24. [PMID: 24666836 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial fibrosis is induced by imbalances in extracellular matrix homeostasis. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) can bind and activate the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), which is involved in diabetic nephropathy. We set out to identify the role of AGEs in producing alterations leading to matrix hypertrophy and the pathway through which aminoguanidine, as well as anti-RAGE and anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 antibody treatments could prevent these modifications. METHODS Human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells were exposed to glycated bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) and co-treated with neutralizing antibodies or aminoguanidine. The effects on the transcriptional and translational levels of RAGE, TGF-β1 and collagen IV were evaluated, while metalloproteinase activity was assessed by gelatin zymography. RESULTS AGE-BSA (200 μg/mL) upregulated RAGE's expression, while TGF-β1 synthesis and the formation of its bioactive form were increased in a dose-dependent manner by AGEs. AGE-BSA exposure increased both matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity and collagen IV synthesis, boosted by TGF-β1 upregulation. Aminoguanidine's effects revealed that small concentrations (10 μmol/L) enhance AGE-BSA effects, by increasing the expression of RAGE and TGF-β1, while higher concentrations (100 μmol/L) contribute to their downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Although AGEs regulate RAGE and TGF-β1 by distinct pathways, RAGE activation leads to a further increase of TGF-β1 levels. MMP-2 activity seems to rely on TGF-β1, while MMP-9 was dependent on RAGE. These factors converge to control collagen IV turnover. Furthermore, although the antibody treatments might appear more efficient than AG in decreasing collagen IV levels, the cells compensate the RAGE and TGF-β1 blockade by increasing the mRNA expression of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Iren Serban
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
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Xue SN, Lei J, Lin DZ, Yang C, Yan L. Changes in biological behaviors of rat dermal fibroblasts induced by high expression of MMP9. World J Emerg Med 2014; 5:139-43. [PMID: 25215164 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.issn.1920-8642.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high level of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) is thought to slow down the healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Whether it can influence the biological behaviors of skin fibroblasts and affect wound healing is still unclear. The present study aimed to observe changes in the biological behaviors of rat dermal fibroblasts induced by high expression of MMP9 and to clarify the possible mechanisms of wound healing for diabetic foot. METHODS A cell model of skin fibroblast with high expression of MMP9 was established by co-culture of high glucose (22.0 mmol/L) and homocysteine (100 μmol/L). A control group was incubated with normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L). Realtime PCR, ELISA and gelatin zymography were used to detect the MMP9 mRNA, protein expression and activity of MMP9. Flow cytometry, CCK-8, ELISA assay, scratch test and transwell were used to detect cell proliferation, viability, collagen (hydroxyproline) secretion, horizontal migration and vertical migration of cells. The data were expressed as mean±SD. P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The expression of MMP9 mRNA, protein levels and the activity of MMP9 were much higher in the high MMP9 group than in the control group (7.05±1.02 vs. 1.00±0.00, 206.9±33.6 pg/mL vs. 40.4±5.9 pg/mL, and 1.47±0.13 vs. 0.57±0.12, respectively, P<0.01). The proportion of S-phase cells, proliferation index, cell viability, collagen (hydroxyproline) secretion, horizontal migration rate and the number of vertical migration cells were lower in the high MMP9 group than in the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION Fibroblasts with a high expression of MMP9 decreased proliferation, activity, secretion and migration of collagens, suggesting that MMP9 may inhibit the biological behaviors of fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Neng Xue
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Juan Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Diao-Zhu Lin
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Chuan Yang
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Li Yan
- Department of Endocrine Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Umadevi S, Gopi V, Vellaichamy E. Inhibitory effect of gallic acid on advanced glycation end products induced up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines and matrix proteins in H9C2 (2-1) cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2014; 13:396-405. [PMID: 24062022 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-013-9222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that increased production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) contributes to etiology of cardiac complications in diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism of AGE-induced effects is not well understood. Recent studies evince the beneficial role of phytochemicals in reducing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus. Hence, in the present study, the cardioprotective role of gallic acid (GA) against in vitro synthesized AGE in H9C2 (2-1) cells was elucidated. H9C2 (2-1) cells exposed to AGE (100 μg/ml) with/without GA pre-treatment (10 μM) and the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), expression of oxidative stress markers, matrix proteins, and cytokines were analyzed. Cells exposed to AGE demonstrate a significant increase in ROS release with augmented expression (P < 0.01) of receptor for AGE (RAGE) and NOX-p47 phox (P < 0.001) proteins compared to untreated control cells. Moreover, an increased expression of matrix proteins and cytokines such as TNF-α (P < 0.01), TGF-β (P < 0.001), and iNOS (P < 0.001) was also found in AGE-treated cells, whereas, cells pre-treated with N-acetyl cysteine or RAGE neutralizing antibody notably (P < 0.01) impede the ROS release. Further, cells pre-treated with GA significantly attenuated the expression of NOX, RAGE, and other cytokines. In addition, the abnormal expressions of matrix proteins were also decreased especially in GA-treated cells. Thus, the results of the present study demonstrated the deleterious effect of AGEs that directly induce oxidative stress and matrix derangement and, on the other way, the "pleiotropic" activity of GA in reducing the risk of AGE-mediated cellular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Umadevi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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Umadevi S, Gopi V, Elangovan V. Regulatory mechanism of gallic acid against advanced glycation end products induced cardiac remodeling in experimental rats. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 208:28-36. [PMID: 24309158 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a major role in the development of cardiovascular disorders in diabetic patients. Recent studies evidenced the beneficial role of phytochemicals in reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hence the present study was framed to investigate the protective role of Gallic acid (GA) on AGEs induced cardiac fibrosis. Rats were infused with in vitro prepared AGEs (50mg/kg BW-intravenous injection) for 30 days. Further, GA (25mg/kgBW) was administered to rats along with AGEs. On infusion of AGEs, induction of fibrotic markers, collagen deposition, oxidative marker NADPH oxidase (NOX-p47 phox subunit), AGE receptor (RAGE) and cytokines expression was evaluated in the heart tissues using RT-PCR, Western blot and immunostaining methods. AGEs infusion significantly (P<0.01) increased the HW/BW ratio and fibrosis (4-fold) with increased expression of matrix genes MMP-2 and -9 (P<0.01, respectively) in the heart tissues. Whereas, administration of GA along with AGEs infusion prevented the fibrosis induced by AGEs. Further, GA treatment effectively prevented the AGEs mediated up-regulation of pro-fibrotic genes and ECM proteins such as TNF-α, TGF-β, MMP-2 and -9 expression. In addition, the increased expression of NOX (P<0.01), RAGE (P<0.01), NF-κB (P<0.01) and ERK 1/2 on AGEs infusion were normalized by GA treatment. Thus the present study shows the protective effect of GA on the fibrotic response and cardiac remodeling process induced by advanced glycation end products from external sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Umadevi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatachalam Gopi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vellaichamy Elangovan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Lan TH, Huang XQ, Tan HM. Vascular fibrosis in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Pathol 2013; 22:401-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Studies on the Cardio Protective Role of Gallic Acid Against AGE-Induced Cell Proliferation and Oxidative Stress in H9C2 (2-1) Cells. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2012; 12:304-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-012-9170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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The biological behaviors of rat dermal fibroblasts can be inhibited by high levels of MMP9. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:494579. [PMID: 22577368 PMCID: PMC3346983 DOI: 10.1155/2012/494579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aims. To explore the effects of the high expression of MMP9 on biological behaviors of fibroblasts. Methods. High glucose and hyperhomocysteine were used to induce MMP9 expression in skin fibroblasts. Cell proliferation was detected by flow cytometry and cell viability by CCK-8. ELISA assay was used to detect collagen (hydroxyproline) secretion. Scratch test was employed to evaluate horizontal migration of cells and transwell method to evaluate vertical migration of cells. Results. The mRNA and protein expressions of MMP9 and its protease activity were significantly higher in cells treated with high glucose and hyperhomocysteine than those in control group. At the same time, the S-phase cell ratio, proliferation index, cell viability, collagen (hydroxyproline) secretion, horizontal migration rate, and the number of vertical migration cells decreased in high-glucose and hyperhomocysteine-treated group. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1), which inhibits the activity of MMP9, recovered the above biological behaviors. Conclusions. High expression of MMP9 in skin fibroblasts could be induced by cultureing in high glucose and hyperhomocysteine medium, which inhibited cell biological behaviors. Inhibitions could be reversed by TIMP1. The findings suggested that MMP9 deters the healing of diabetic foot ulcers by inhibiting the biological behaviors of fibroblasts.
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Rosa SC, Rufino AT, Judas FM, Tenreiro CM, Lopes MC, Mendes AF. Role of glucose as a modulator of anabolic and catabolic gene expression in normal and osteoarthritic human chondrocytes. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:2813-24. [PMID: 21608018 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage matrix homeostasis involves a dynamic balance between numerous signals that modulate chondrocyte functions. This study aimed at elucidating the role of the extracellular glucose concentration in modulating anabolic and catabolic gene expression in normal and osteoarthritic (OA) human chondrocytes and its ability to modify the gene expression responses induced by pro-anabolic stimuli, namely Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF). For this, we analyzed by real time RT-PCR the expression of articular cartilage matrix-specific and non-specific genes, namely collagen types II and I, respectively. The expression of the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1 and -13, which plays a major role in cartilage degradation in arthritic conditions, and of their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) was also measured. The results showed that exposure to high glucose (30 mM) increased the mRNA levels of both MMPs in OA chondrocytes, whereas in normal ones only MMP-1 increased. Collagen II mRNA was similarly increased in normal and OA chondrocytes, but the increase lasted longer in the later. Exposure to high glucose for 24 h prevented TGF-induced downregulation of MMP-13 gene expression in normal and OA chondrocytes, while the inhibitory effect of TGF on MMP-1 expression was only partially reduced. Other responses were not significantly modified. In conclusion, exposure of human chondrocytes to high glucose, as occurs in vivo in diabetes mellitus patients and in vitro for the production of engineered cartilage, favors the chondrocyte catabolic program. This may promote articular cartilage degradation, facilitating OA development and/or progression, as well as compromise the quality and consequent in vivo efficacy of tissue engineered cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana C Rosa
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marques de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
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Sihem B, Leila S, Kheira O, Samia N, Nadjiba H, Saliha B, Abdelhamid S, Ghouti K, Mahdi HE, Yasmina B, Souhila AB. Impact of glucotoxicity induced <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> in <i>Psammomys obesus</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2012.21010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wang CY, Liu HJ, Chen HJ, Lin YC, Wang HH, Hung TC, Yeh HI. AGE-BSA down-regulates endothelial connexin43 gap junctions. BMC Cell Biol 2011; 12:19. [PMID: 21575204 PMCID: PMC3224147 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-12-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Advanced glycation end products generated in the circulation of diabetic patients were reported to affect the function of vascular wall. We examined the effects of advanced glycation end products-bovine serum albumin (AGE-BSA) on endothelial connexin43 (Cx43) expression and gap-junction communication. Results In human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) treated with a series concentrations of AGE-BSA (0-500 μg/ml) for 24 and 48 hours, Cx43 transcript and Cx43 protein were reduced in a dose dependent manner. In addition, gap-junction communication was reduced. To clarify the mechanisms underlying the down-regulation, MAPKs pathways in HAEC were examined. Both a MEK1 inhibitor (PD98059) and a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) significantly reversed the reductions of Cx43 mRNA and protein induced by AGE-BSA. Consistently, phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK was enhanced in response to exposure to AGE-BSA. However, all reversions of down-regulated Cx43 by inhibitors did not restore the functional gap-junction communication. Conclusions AGE-BSA down-regulated Cx43 expression in HAEC, mainly through reduced Cx43 transcription, and the process involved activation of ERK and p38 MAPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Young Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City 251, Taiwan
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Evaluation of glycemic and lipid profile of offspring of diabetic Wistar rats treated with Malpighia emarginata juice. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2011:173647. [PMID: 21318139 PMCID: PMC3034956 DOI: 10.1155/2011/173647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Knowing that maternal diabetes is related to hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia, which affect the lipid metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Malpighia emarginata (acerola) juice on the glycemic and lipid profile of offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic Wistar rats. The adult offspring of non-diabetic dams and of dams with severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into groups: G1, offspring (of control dams) treated with water, G2, offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with water, G3, male offspring (of control dams) treated with acerola juice, and G4, male offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with acerola juice. The offspring of diabetic dams treated with acerola juice showed significantly decreased levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and increased HDL-c. The use of acerola juice is a potential strategy to aid in the prevention of DM and dyslipidemia and its complications or to act as an auxiliary in the treatment of these diseases.
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Reaction of glycation and human skin: The effects on the skin and its components, reconstructed skin as a model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 58:226-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2009.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ren L, Fu Y, Deng Y, Qi L, Jin L. Advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by human gingival fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2009; 80:1166-73. [PMID: 19563298 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2009.080669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is evident that diabetes and periodontal disease are closely interrelated. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), coupled with exaggerated host responses to bacterial infection, may account for the increased periodontal destruction observed in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The present study investigated the effects of AGEs on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the expression of types I and III collagen in HGFs. METHODS The cell viability of HGFs was examined by methylthiazolet-etrazolium assay, whereas the expression of types I and III collagen message and protein was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS AGEs significantly suppressed the cell viability of HGFs from 24 to 72 hours (P <0.01). A high concentration of glucose (25 mmol/l) in the culture media exaggerated the inhibition of the survival rate of HGFs (P <0.01). The expression of collagen types I and III messages and proteins was significantly downregulated at 72 hours by AGEs in a concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05). Moreover, the synthesis of intracellular types I and III collagen protein was markedly inhibited by AGEs (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ren
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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